1
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Roh WS, Yoo JH, Dravid SM, Mannaioni G, Krizman EN, Wahl P, Robinson MB, Traynelis SF, Lee CJ, Han KS. Astrocytic PAR1 and mGluR2/3 control synaptic glutamate time course at hippocampal CA1 synapses. Glia 2024; 72:1707-1724. [PMID: 38864289 PMCID: PMC11410382 DOI: 10.1002/glia.24579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Revised: 05/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024]
Abstract
Astrocytes play an essential role in regulating synaptic transmission. This study describes a novel form of modulation of excitatory synaptic transmission in the mouse hippocampus by astrocytic G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). We have previously described astrocytic glutamate release via protease-activated receptor-1 (PAR1) activation, although the regulatory mechanisms for this are complex. Through electrophysiological analysis and modeling, we discovered that PAR1 activation consistently increases the concentration and duration of glutamate in the synaptic cleft. This effect was not due to changes in the presynaptic glutamate release or alteration in glutamate transporter expression. However, blocking group II metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluR2/3) abolished PAR1-mediated regulation of synaptic glutamate concentration, suggesting a role for this GPCR in mediating the effects of PAR1 activation on glutamate release. Furthermore, activation of mGluR2/3 causes glutamate release through the TREK-1 channel in hippocampal astrocytes. These data show that astrocytic GPCRs engage in a novel regulatory mechanism to shape the time course of synaptically-released glutamate in excitatory synapses of the hippocampus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Woo Suk Roh
- Department of Biological Sciences, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, South Korea
- Center for Cognition and Sociality, Institute for Basic Science, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Jae Hong Yoo
- Department of Biological Sciences, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Shashank M Dravid
- Emory University School of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
- Creighton University, Department of Pharmacology, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
| | - Guido Mannaioni
- Emory University School of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Florence, Florence, GA, Italy
| | - Elizabeth N Krizman
- Departments of Pediatrics and Pharmacology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Research Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Philip Wahl
- Emory University School of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Michael B Robinson
- Departments of Pediatrics and Pharmacology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Research Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Stephen F Traynelis
- Emory University School of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - C Justin Lee
- Center for Cognition and Sociality, Institute for Basic Science, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Kyung-Seok Han
- Department of Biological Sciences, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, South Korea
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2
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Sullivan MT, Tidball P, Yan Y, Intson K, Chen W, Xu Y, Venkatesan S, Horsfall W, Georgiou J, Finnie PSB, Lambe EK, Traynelis SF, Salahpour A, Yuan H, Collingridge GL, Ramsey AJ. Grin1 Y 647 S/+ Mice: A Preclinical Model of GRIN1 -Related Neurodevelopmental Disorder. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.08.21.608984. [PMID: 39229143 PMCID: PMC11370376 DOI: 10.1101/2024.08.21.608984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/05/2024]
Abstract
Objective GRIN1 -related neurodevelopmental disorder ( GRIN1 -NDD) is characterized by clinically significant variation in the GRIN1 gene, which encodes the obligatory GluN1 subunit of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors (NMDARs). The identified p.Tyr647Ser (Y647S) variant - carried by a 33-year-old female with seizures and intellectual disability - is located in the M3 helix in the GluN1 transmembrane domain. This study builds upon initial in vitro investigations of the functional impacts of the GRIN1 Y647S variant and examines its in vivo consequences in a mouse model. Methods To investigate in vitro functional impacts of NMDARs containing GluN1-Y647S variant subunits, GluN1-Y647S was co-expressed with wildtype GluN2A or GluN2B subunits in Xenopus laevis oocytes and HEK cells. Grin1 Y647S/+ mice were created by CRISPR-Cas9 endonuclease-mediated transgenesis and the molecular, electrophysiological, and behavioural consequences of the variant were examined. Results In vitro , NMDARs containing GluN1-Y647S show altered sensitivity to endogenous agonists and negative allosteric modulators, and reduced cell surface trafficking. Grin1 Y647S/+ mice displayed a reduction in whole brain GluN1 levels and deficiency in NMDAR-mediated synaptic transmission in the hippocampus. Behaviourally, Grin1 Y647S/+ mice exhibited spontaneous seizures, altered vocalizations, muscle strength, sociability, and problem-solving. Interpretation The Y647S variant confers a complex in vivo phenotype, which reflects largely diminished properties of NMDAR function. As a result, Grin1 Y647S/+ mice display atypical behaviour in domains relevant to the clinical characteristics of GRIN1 -NDD and the individual carrying the variant. Ultimately, the characterization of Grin1 Y647S/+ mice accomplished in the present work expands our understanding of the mechanisms underlying GRIN1 -NDD and provides a foundation for the development of novel therapeutics.
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3
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Bender PA, Chakraborty S, Durham RJ, Berka V, Carrillo E, Jayaraman V. Bi-directional allosteric pathway in NMDA receptor activation and modulation. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.04.16.589813. [PMID: 38659769 PMCID: PMC11042370 DOI: 10.1101/2024.04.16.589813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors are ionotropic glutamate receptors involved in learning and memory. NMDA receptors primarily comprise two GluN1 and two GluN2 subunits. The GluN2 subunit dictates biophysical receptor properties, including the extent of receptor activation and desensitization. GluN2A- and GluN2D-containing receptors represent two functional extremes. To uncover the conformational basis of their functional divergence, we utilized single-molecule fluorescence resonance energy transfer to probe the extracellular domains of these receptor subtypes under resting and ligand-bound conditions. We find that the conformational profile of the GluN2 amino-terminal domain correlates with the disparate functions of GluN2A- and GluN2D-containing receptors. Changes at the pre-transmembrane segments inversely correlate with those observed at the amino-terminal domain, confirming direct allosteric communication between these domains. Additionally, binding of a positive allosteric modulator at the transmembrane domain shifts the conformational profile of the amino-terminal domain towards the active state, revealing a bidirectional allosteric pathway between extracellular and transmembrane domains.
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4
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Xu Y, Song R, Perszyk RE, Chen W, Kim S, Park KL, Allen JP, Nocilla KA, Zhang J, XiangWei W, Tankovic A, McDaniels ED, Sheikh R, Mizu RK, Karamchandani MM, Hu C, Kusumoto H, Pecha J, Cappuccio G, Gaitanis J, Sullivan J, Shashi V, Petrovski S, Jauss RT, Lee HK, Bozarth X, Lynch DR, Helbig I, Pierson TM, Boerkoel CF, Myers SJ, Lemke JR, Benke TA, Yuan H, Traynelis SF. De novo GRIN variants in M3 helix associated with neurological disorders control channel gating of NMDA receptor. Cell Mol Life Sci 2024; 81:153. [PMID: 38538865 PMCID: PMC10973091 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-023-05069-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors (NMDARs) are members of the glutamate receptor family and participate in excitatory postsynaptic transmission throughout the central nervous system. Genetic variants in GRIN genes encoding NMDAR subunits are associated with a spectrum of neurological disorders. The M3 transmembrane helices of the NMDAR couple directly to the agonist-binding domains and form a helical bundle crossing in the closed receptors that occludes the pore. The M3 functions as a transduction element whose conformational change couples ligand binding to opening of an ion conducting pore. In this study, we report the functional consequences of 48 de novo missense variants in GRIN1, GRIN2A, and GRIN2B that alter residues in the M3 transmembrane helix. These de novo variants were identified in children with neurological and neuropsychiatric disorders including epilepsy, developmental delay, intellectual disability, hypotonia and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. All 48 variants in M3 for which comprehensive testing was completed produce a gain-of-function (28/48) compared to loss-of-function (9/48); 11 variants had an indeterminant phenotype. This supports the idea that a key structural feature of the M3 gate exists to stabilize the closed state so that agonist binding can drive channel opening. Given that most M3 variants enhance channel gating, we assessed the potency of FDA-approved NMDAR channel blockers on these variant receptors. These data provide new insight into the structure-function relationship of the NMDAR gate, and suggest that variants within the M3 transmembrane helix produce a gain-of-function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuchen Xu
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
- Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325000, China
| | - Rui Song
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
- Department of Neurology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
| | - Riley E Perszyk
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Wenjuan Chen
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Sukhan Kim
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
- Center for Functional Evaluation of Rare Variants (CFERV), Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Kristen L Park
- Departments of Pediatrics and Neurology, University of Colorado School of Medicine and Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - James P Allen
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Kelsey A Nocilla
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Wenshu XiangWei
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
- Department of Pediatrics and Pediatric Epilepsy Center, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Anel Tankovic
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Ellington D McDaniels
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Rehan Sheikh
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Ruth K Mizu
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Manish M Karamchandani
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Chun Hu
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Hirofumi Kusumoto
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Joseph Pecha
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Gerarda Cappuccio
- Department of Translational Medicine, Section of Pediatrics, Federico II University, Via Pansini 5, 80131, Naples, Italy
- Department of Pediatrics-Neurology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
| | - John Gaitanis
- Hasbro Children's Hospital, The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Jennifer Sullivan
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Medical Genetics, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Vandana Shashi
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Medical Genetics, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Slave Petrovski
- Ce Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Austin Health, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Centre for Genomics Research, Discovery Sciences, AstraZeneca, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, Cambridge, UK
| | - Robin-Tobias Jauss
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Leipzig Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Hyun Kyung Lee
- Provincial Medical Genetics Program, Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Children's and Women's Health Centre of BC, Vancouver, B.C, V6H 3N1, Canada
| | - Xiuhua Bozarth
- Center for Integrative Brain Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
- Division of Pediatric Neurology, Department of Neurology, Seattle Children's Hospital, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - David R Lynch
- Departments of Pediatrics and Neurology, Perelman School of Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Ingo Helbig
- Division of Child Neurology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Tyler Mark Pierson
- Department of Pediatrics and Neurology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Center for the Undiagnosed Patient, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Board of Governors Regenerative Medicine Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Cornelius F Boerkoel
- Provincial Medical Genetics Program, Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Children's and Women's Health Centre of BC, Vancouver, B.C, V6H 3N1, Canada
| | - Scott J Myers
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
- Center for Functional Evaluation of Rare Variants (CFERV), Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Johannes R Lemke
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Leipzig Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany
- Center for Rare Diseases, University of Leipzig Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Timothy A Benke
- Departments of Pediatrics and Neurology, University of Colorado School of Medicine and Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Hongjie Yuan
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA.
- Center for Functional Evaluation of Rare Variants (CFERV), Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA.
| | - Stephen F Traynelis
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA.
- Center for Functional Evaluation of Rare Variants (CFERV), Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA.
- Emory Neurodegenerative Disease Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA.
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5
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Allen JP, Garber KB, Perszyk R, Khayat CT, Kell SA, Kaneko M, Quindipan C, Saitta S, Ladda RL, Hewson S, Inbar-Feigenberg M, Prasad C, Prasad AN, Olewiler L, Mu W, Rosenthal LS, Scala M, Striano P, Zara F, McCullock TW, Jauss RT, Lemke JR, MacLean DM, Zhu C, Yuan H, Myers SJ, Traynelis SF. Clinical features, functional consequences, and rescue pharmacology of missense GRID1 and GRID2 human variants. Hum Mol Genet 2024; 33:355-373. [PMID: 37944084 PMCID: PMC10840383 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddad188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023] Open
Abstract
GRID1 and GRID2 encode the enigmatic GluD1 and GluD2 proteins, which form tetrameric receptors that play important roles in synapse organization and development of the central nervous system. Variation in these genes has been implicated in neurodevelopmental phenotypes. We evaluated GRID1 and GRID2 human variants from the literature, ClinVar, and clinical laboratories and found that many of these variants reside in intolerant domains, including the amino terminal domain of both GRID1 and GRID2. Other conserved regions, such as the M3 transmembrane domain, show different intolerance between GRID1 and GRID2. We introduced these variants into GluD1 and GluD2 cDNA and performed electrophysiological and biochemical assays to investigate the mechanisms of dysfunction of GRID1/2 variants. One variant in the GRID1 distal amino terminal domain resides at a position predicted to interact with Cbln2/Cbln4, and the variant disrupts complex formation between GluD1 and Cbln2, which could perturb its role in synapse organization. We also discovered that, like the lurcher mutation (GluD2-A654T), other rare variants in the GRID2 M3 domain create constitutively active receptors that share similar pathogenic phenotypes. We also found that the SCHEMA schizophrenia M3 variant GluD1-A650T produced constitutively active receptors. We tested a variety of compounds for their ability to inhibit constitutive currents of GluD receptor variants and found that pentamidine potently inhibited GluD2-T649A constitutive channels (IC50 50 nM). These results identify regions of intolerance to variation in the GRID genes, illustrate the functional consequences of GRID1 and GRID2 variants, and suggest how these receptors function normally and in disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- James P Allen
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, 1510 Clifton Rd., Atlanta, GA 30322, United States
- Center for Functional Evaluation of Rare Variants (CFERV), Emory University School of Medicine, 1510 Clifton Rd., Atlanta, GA 30322, United States
| | - Kathryn B Garber
- Department of Human Genetics, Emory University School of Medicine, 615 Michael St., Atlanta GA 30322, United States
- EGL Genetics, 2460 Mountain Industrial Blvd., Tucker, GA 30084, United States
| | - Riley Perszyk
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, 1510 Clifton Rd., Atlanta, GA 30322, United States
| | - Cara T Khayat
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 313 Ferst Drive, Atlanta, GA 30332, United States
| | - Steven A Kell
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, 1510 Clifton Rd., Atlanta, GA 30322, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Emory University School of Medicine, 1515 Dickey Dr, Atlanta, GA 30322, United States
| | - Maki Kaneko
- Division of Genomic Medicine, Department of Pathology, Children’s Hospital Los Angeles, 4650 Sunset Blvd, Los Angeles, CA 90027, United States
- Center for Personalized Medicine, Children’s Hospital Los Angeles, 4650 Sunset Blvd, Los Angeles, CA 90027, United States
| | - Catherine Quindipan
- Center for Personalized Medicine, Children’s Hospital Los Angeles, 4650 Sunset Blvd, Los Angeles, CA 90027, United States
| | - Sulagna Saitta
- Division of Clinical Genetics, Departments of Human Genetics, OBGYN and Pediatrics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, 200 Medical Plaza, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States
| | - Roger L Ladda
- Division of Human Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Penn State College of Medicine, 600 University Dr, Hershey, PA 17033, United States
| | - Stacy Hewson
- Department of Genetic Counselling, The Hospital for Sick Children and Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada
| | - Michal Inbar-Feigenberg
- Division of Clinical & Metabolic Genetics, The Hospital for Sick Children and Pediatrics, University of Toronto, 555 University Avenue, Toronto ON M5G 1X8, Canada
| | - Chitra Prasad
- Department of Pediatrics (Section of Genetics and Metabolism), Western University and Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Children’s Hospital LHSC, 800 Commissioners Road East, London, ON N6A5W9, Canada
| | - Asuri N Prasad
- Division of Pediatric Neurology, Department of Pediatrics and Clinical Neurological Sciences, Western University and Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Children’s Hospital LHSC, 800 Commissioners Road East, London, ON N6A5W9, Canada
| | - Leah Olewiler
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Medical Genetics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 N. State St., Jackson, MS 39216, United States
| | - Weiyi Mu
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, 600 N. Wolfe St., Baltimore MD 21287, United States
| | - Liana S Rosenthal
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University, 601 N. Caroline St., Baltimore MD 21287, United States
| | - Marcello Scala
- Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health, Università Degli Studi di Genova, Largo Paolo Daneo, 3, 16132 Genova GE, Italy
- Pediatric Neurology and Muscular Diseases Unit, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Pavilion 16, Via Gerolamo Gaslini, 516147 Genoa GE, Italy
| | - Pasquale Striano
- Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health, Università Degli Studi di Genova, Largo Paolo Daneo, 3, 16132 Genova GE, Italy
- Pediatric Neurology and Muscular Diseases Unit, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Pavilion 16, Via Gerolamo Gaslini, 516147 Genoa GE, Italy
| | - Federico Zara
- Medical Genetics Unit, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Pavilion 20, Via Gerolamo Gaslini, 516147 Genoa GE, Italy
| | - Tyler W McCullock
- Department Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Rochester Medical Center, 601 Elmwood Avenue, Rochester NY, 14642, United States
| | - Robin-Tobias Jauss
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Leipzig Medical Center, Philipp-Rosenthal-Str. 55, Haus W, Leipzig 04103, Germany
| | - Johannes R Lemke
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Leipzig Medical Center, Philipp-Rosenthal-Str. 55, Haus W, Leipzig 04103, Germany
| | - David M MacLean
- Department Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Rochester Medical Center, 601 Elmwood Avenue, Rochester NY, 14642, United States
| | - Cheng Zhu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 313 Ferst Drive, Atlanta, GA 30332, United States
| | - Hongjie Yuan
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, 1510 Clifton Rd., Atlanta, GA 30322, United States
- Center for Functional Evaluation of Rare Variants (CFERV), Emory University School of Medicine, 1510 Clifton Rd., Atlanta, GA 30322, United States
| | - Scott J Myers
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, 1510 Clifton Rd., Atlanta, GA 30322, United States
- Center for Functional Evaluation of Rare Variants (CFERV), Emory University School of Medicine, 1510 Clifton Rd., Atlanta, GA 30322, United States
| | - Stephen F Traynelis
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, 1510 Clifton Rd., Atlanta, GA 30322, United States
- Center for Functional Evaluation of Rare Variants (CFERV), Emory University School of Medicine, 1510 Clifton Rd., Atlanta, GA 30322, United States
- Emory Neurodegenerative Disease Center, 615 Michael St., Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, United States
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6
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D’Erasmo M, Akins NS, Ma P, Jing Y, Swanger SA, Sharma SK, Bartsch PW, Menaldino DS, Arcoria PJ, Bui TT, Pons-Bennaceur A, Le P, Allen JP, Ullman EZ, Nocilla KA, Zhang J, Perszyk RE, Kim S, Acker TM, Taz A, Burton SL, Coe K, Fritzemeier RG, Burnashev N, Yuan H, Liotta DC, Traynelis SF. Development of a Dihydroquinoline-Pyrazoline GluN2C/2D-Selective Negative Allosteric Modulator of the N-Methyl-d-aspartate Receptor. ACS Chem Neurosci 2023; 14:3059-3076. [PMID: 37566734 PMCID: PMC10485906 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.3c00181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Subunit-selective inhibition of N-methyl-d-aspartate receptors (NMDARs) is a promising therapeutic strategy for several neurological disorders, including epilepsy, Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease, depression, and acute brain injury. We previously described the dihydroquinoline-pyrazoline (DQP) analogue 2a (DQP-26) as a potent NMDAR negative allosteric modulator with selectivity for GluN2C/D over GluN2A/B. However, moderate (<100-fold) subunit selectivity, inadequate cell-membrane permeability, and poor brain penetration complicated the use of 2a as an in vivo probe. In an effort to improve selectivity and the pharmacokinetic profile of the series, we performed additional structure-activity relationship studies of the succinate side chain and investigated the use of prodrugs to mask the pendant carboxylic acid. These efforts led to discovery of the analogue (S)-(-)-2i, also referred to as (S)-(-)-DQP-997-74, which exhibits >100- and >300-fold selectivity for GluN2C- and GluN2D-containing NMDARs (IC50 0.069 and 0.035 μM, respectively) compared to GluN2A- and GluN2B-containing receptors (IC50 5.2 and 16 μM, respectively) and has no effects on AMPA, kainate, or GluN1/GluN3 receptors. Compound (S)-(-)-2i is 5-fold more potent than (S)-2a. In addition, compound 2i shows a time-dependent enhancement of inhibitory actions at GluN2C- and GluN2D-containing NMDARs in the presence of the agonist glutamate, which could attenuate hypersynchronous activity driven by high-frequency excitatory synaptic transmission. Consistent with this finding, compound 2i significantly reduced the number of epileptic events in a murine model of tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC)-induced epilepsy that is associated with upregulation of the GluN2C subunit. Thus, 2i represents a robust tool for the GluN2C/D target validation. Esterification of the succinate carboxylate improved brain penetration, suggesting a strategy for therapeutic development of this series for NMDAR-associated neurological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael
P. D’Erasmo
- Department
of Chemistry, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - Nicholas S. Akins
- Department
of Chemistry, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - Peipei Ma
- Department
of Chemistry, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - Yao Jing
- Department
of Chemistry, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - Sharon A. Swanger
- Department
of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Emory
University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - Savita K. Sharma
- Department
of Chemistry, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - Perry W. Bartsch
- Department
of Chemistry, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - David S. Menaldino
- Department
of Chemistry, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - Paul J. Arcoria
- Department
of Chemistry, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - Thi-Thien Bui
- INMED,
INSERM, Aix Marseille University, 13284 Marseille, France
| | | | - Phuong Le
- Department
of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Emory
University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - James P. Allen
- Department
of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Emory
University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - Elijah Z. Ullman
- Department
of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Emory
University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - Kelsey A. Nocilla
- Department
of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Emory
University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department
of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Emory
University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - Riley E. Perszyk
- Department
of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Emory
University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - Sukhan Kim
- Department
of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Emory
University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - Timothy M. Acker
- Department
of Chemistry, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - Azmain Taz
- Department
of Chemistry, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - Samantha L. Burton
- Department
of Chemistry, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - Kevin Coe
- Janssen
Research & Development, LLC, San Diego, California 92121, United States
| | | | - Nail Burnashev
- INMED,
INSERM, Aix Marseille University, 13284 Marseille, France
| | - Hongjie Yuan
- Department
of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Emory
University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - Dennis C. Liotta
- Department
of Chemistry, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - Stephen F. Traynelis
- Department
of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Emory
University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
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7
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Rouzbeh N, Rau AR, Benton AJ, Yi F, Anderson CM, Johns MR, Jensen L, Lotti JS, Holley DC, Hansen KB. Allosteric modulation of GluN1/GluN3 NMDA receptors by GluN1-selective competitive antagonists. J Gen Physiol 2023; 155:e202313340. [PMID: 37078900 PMCID: PMC10125900 DOI: 10.1085/jgp.202313340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 04/21/2023] Open
Abstract
NMDA-type ionotropic glutamate receptors are critical for normal brain function and are implicated in central nervous system disorders. Structure and function of NMDA receptors composed of GluN1 and GluN3 subunits are less understood compared to those composed of GluN1 and GluN2 subunits. GluN1/3 receptors display unusual activation properties in which binding of glycine to GluN1 elicits strong desensitization, while glycine binding to GluN3 alone is sufficient for activation. Here, we explore mechanisms by which GluN1-selective competitive antagonists, CGP-78608 and L-689,560, potentiate GluN1/3A and GluN1/3B receptors by preventing glycine binding to GluN1. We show that both CGP-78608 and L-689,560 prevent desensitization of GluN1/3 receptors, but CGP-78608-bound receptors display higher glycine potency and efficacy at GluN3 subunits compared to L-689,560-bound receptors. Furthermore, we demonstrate that L-689,560 is a potent antagonist of GluN1FA+TL/3A receptors, which are mutated to abolish glycine binding to GluN1, and that this inhibition is mediated by a non-competitive mechanism involving binding to the mutated GluN1 agonist binding domain (ABD) to negatively modulate glycine potency at GluN3A. Molecular dynamics simulations reveal that CGP-78608 and L-689,560 binding or mutations in the GluN1 glycine binding site promote distinct conformations of the GluN1 ABD, suggesting that the GluN1 ABD conformation influences agonist potency and efficacy at GluN3 subunits. These results uncover the mechanism that enables activation of native GluN1/3A receptors by application of glycine in the presence of CGP-78608, but not L-689,560, and demonstrate strong intra-subunit allosteric interactions in GluN1/3 receptors that may be relevant to neuronal signaling in brain function and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nirvan Rouzbeh
- Center for Structural and Functional Neuroscience, Center for Biomolecular Structure and Dynamics, Division of Biological Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT, USA
| | - Andrew R. Rau
- Center for Structural and Functional Neuroscience, Center for Biomolecular Structure and Dynamics, Division of Biological Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT, USA
| | - Avery J. Benton
- Center for Structural and Functional Neuroscience, Center for Biomolecular Structure and Dynamics, Division of Biological Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT, USA
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy, University of Montana, Missoula, MT, USA
| | - Feng Yi
- Center for Structural and Functional Neuroscience, Center for Biomolecular Structure and Dynamics, Division of Biological Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT, USA
| | - Carly M. Anderson
- Center for Structural and Functional Neuroscience, Center for Biomolecular Structure and Dynamics, Division of Biological Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT, USA
| | - Mia R. Johns
- Center for Structural and Functional Neuroscience, Center for Biomolecular Structure and Dynamics, Division of Biological Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT, USA
| | - Loren Jensen
- Center for Structural and Functional Neuroscience, Center for Biomolecular Structure and Dynamics, Division of Biological Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT, USA
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy, University of Montana, Missoula, MT, USA
| | - James S. Lotti
- Center for Structural and Functional Neuroscience, Center for Biomolecular Structure and Dynamics, Division of Biological Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT, USA
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy, University of Montana, Missoula, MT, USA
| | - David C. Holley
- Center for Structural and Functional Neuroscience, Center for Biomolecular Structure and Dynamics, Division of Biological Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT, USA
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy, University of Montana, Missoula, MT, USA
| | - Kasper B. Hansen
- Center for Structural and Functional Neuroscience, Center for Biomolecular Structure and Dynamics, Division of Biological Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT, USA
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8
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Tang W, Beckley JT, Zhang J, Song R, Xu Y, Kim S, Quirk MC, Robichaud AJ, Diaz ES, Myers SJ, Doherty JJ, Ackley MA, Traynelis SF, Yuan H. Novel neuroactive steroids as positive allosteric modulators of NMDA receptors: mechanism, site of action, and rescue pharmacology on GRIN variants associated with neurological conditions. Cell Mol Life Sci 2023; 80:42. [PMID: 36645496 PMCID: PMC10644378 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-022-04667-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors (NMDARs) play vital roles in normal brain functions (i.e., learning, memory, and neuronal development) and various neuropathological conditions, such as epilepsy, autism, Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, and traumatic brain injury. Endogenous neuroactive steroids such as 24(S)-hydroxycholesterol (24(S)-HC) have been shown to influence NMDAR activity, and positive allosteric modulators (PAMs) derived from 24(S)-hydroxycholesterol scaffold can also enhance NMDAR function. This study describes the structural determinants and mechanism of action for 24(S)-hydroxycholesterol and two novel synthetic analogs (SGE-550 and SGE-301) on NMDAR function. We also show that these agents can mitigate the altered function caused by a set of loss-of-function missense variants in NMDAR GluN subunit-encoding GRIN genes associated with neurological and neuropsychiatric disorders. We anticipate that the evaluation of novel neuroactive steroid NMDAR PAMs may catalyze the development of new treatment strategies for GRIN-related neuropsychiatric conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiting Tang
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
| | | | - Jin Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
- Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, Shanxi, China
| | - Rui Song
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
- Department of Neurology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Yuchen Xu
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
- Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Sukhan Kim
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
- Center for Functional Evaluation of Rare Variants (CFERV), Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | | | | | - Eva Sarai Diaz
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Scott J Myers
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
- Center for Functional Evaluation of Rare Variants (CFERV), Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | | | | | - Stephen F Traynelis
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA.
- Center for Functional Evaluation of Rare Variants (CFERV), Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA.
| | - Hongjie Yuan
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA.
- Center for Functional Evaluation of Rare Variants (CFERV), Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA.
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9
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Chou TH, Kang H, Simorowski N, Traynelis SF, Furukawa H. Structural insights into assembly and function of GluN1-2C, GluN1-2A-2C, and GluN1-2D NMDARs. Mol Cell 2022; 82:4548-4563.e4. [PMID: 36309015 PMCID: PMC9722627 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2022.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Revised: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Neurotransmission mediated by diverse subtypes of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors (NMDARs) is fundamental for basic brain functions and development as well as neuropsychiatric diseases and disorders. NMDARs are glycine- and glutamate-gated ion channels that exist as heterotetramers composed of obligatory GluN1 and GluN2(A-D) and/or GluN3(A-B). The GluN2C and GluN2D subunits form ion channels with distinct properties and spatio-temporal expression patterns. Here, we provide the structures of the agonist-bound human GluN1-2C NMDAR in the presence and absence of the GluN2C-selective positive allosteric potentiator (PAM), PYD-106, the agonist-bound GluN1-2A-2C tri-heteromeric NMDAR, and agonist-bound GluN1-2D NMDARs by single-particle electron cryomicroscopy. Our analysis shows unique inter-subunit and domain arrangements of the GluN2C NMDARs, which contribute to functional regulation and formation of the PAM binding pocket and is distinct from GluN2D NMDARs. Our findings here provide the fundamental blueprint to study GluN2C- and GluN2D-containing NMDARs, which are uniquely involved in neuropsychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsung-Han Chou
- W.M. Keck Structural Biology Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724, USA
| | - Hyunook Kang
- W.M. Keck Structural Biology Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724, USA
| | - Noriko Simorowski
- W.M. Keck Structural Biology Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724, USA
| | - Stephen F Traynelis
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Hiro Furukawa
- W.M. Keck Structural Biology Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724, USA.
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10
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Synaptic Dysfunction by Mutations in GRIN2B: Influence of Triheteromeric NMDA Receptors on Gain-of-Function and Loss-of-Function Mutant Classification. Brain Sci 2022; 12:brainsci12060789. [PMID: 35741674 PMCID: PMC9221112 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci12060789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Revised: 06/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
GRIN2B mutations are rare but often associated with patients having severe neurodevelopmental disorders with varying range of symptoms such as intellectual disability, developmental delay and epilepsy. Patient symptoms likely arise from mutations disturbing the role that the encoded NMDA receptor subunit, GluN2B, plays at neuronal connections in the developing nervous system. In this study, we investigated the cell-autonomous effects of putative gain- (GoF) and loss-of-function (LoF) missense GRIN2B mutations on excitatory synapses onto CA1 pyramidal neurons in organotypic hippocampal slices. In the absence of both native GluN2A and GluN2B subunits, functional incorporation into synaptic NMDA receptors was attenuated for GoF mutants, or almost eliminated for LoF GluN2B mutants. NMDA-receptor-mediated excitatory postsynaptic currents (NMDA-EPSCs) from synaptic GoF GluN1/2B receptors had prolonged decays consistent with their functional classification. Nonetheless, in the presence of native GluN2A, molecular replacement of native GluN2B with GoF and LoF GluN2B mutants all led to similar functional incorporation into synaptic receptors, more rapidly decaying NMDA-EPSCs and greater inhibition by TCN-201, a selective antagonist for GluN2A-containing NMDA receptors. Mechanistic insight was gained from experiments in HEK293T cells, which revealed that GluN2B GoF mutants slowed deactivation in diheteromeric GluN1/2B, but not triheteromeric GluN1/2A/2B receptors. We also show that a disease-associated missense mutation, which severely affects surface expression, causes opposing effects on NMDA-EPSC decay and charge transfer when introduced into GluN2A or GluN2B. Finally, we show that having a single null Grin2b allele has only a modest effect on NMDA-EPSC decay kinetics. Our results demonstrate that functional incorporation of GoF and LoF GluN2B mutants into synaptic receptors and the effects on EPSC decay times are highly dependent on the presence of triheteromeric GluN1/2A/2B NMDA receptors, thereby influencing the functional classification of NMDA receptor variants as GoF or LoF mutations. These findings highlight the complexity of interpreting effects of disease-causing NMDA receptor missense mutations in the context of neuronal function.
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11
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Tajima N, Simorowski N, Yovanno RA, Regan MC, Michalski K, Gómez R, Lau AY, Furukawa H. Development and characterization of functional antibodies targeting NMDA receptors. Nat Commun 2022; 13:923. [PMID: 35177668 PMCID: PMC8854693 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-28559-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors (NMDARs) are critically involved in basic brain functions and neurodegeneration as well as tumor invasiveness. Targeting specific subtypes of NMDARs with distinct activities has been considered an effective therapeutic strategy for neurological disorders and diseases. However, complete elimination of off-target effects of small chemical compounds has been challenging and thus, there is a need to explore alternative strategies for targeting NMDAR subtypes. Here we report identification of a functional antibody that specifically targets the GluN1-GluN2B NMDAR subtype and allosterically down-regulates ion channel activity as assessed by electrophysiology. Through biochemical analysis, x-ray crystallography, single-particle electron cryomicroscopy, and molecular dynamics simulations, we show that this inhibitory antibody recognizes the amino terminal domain of the GluN2B subunit and increases the population of the non-active conformational state. The current study demonstrates that antibodies may serve as specific reagents to regulate NMDAR functions for basic research and therapeutic objectives. Selective targeting individual subtypes of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors (NMDARs) is a desirable therapeutic strategy for neurological disorders. Here, the authors report identification of a functional antibody that specifically targets and allosterically down-regulates ion channel activity of the GluN1—GluN2B NMDAR subtype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nami Tajima
- W.M. Keck Structural Biology Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, New York, NY, 11724, USA
| | - Noriko Simorowski
- W.M. Keck Structural Biology Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, New York, NY, 11724, USA
| | - Remy A Yovanno
- Department of Biophysics and Biophysical Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 725 N. Wolfe Street, WBSB 706, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Michael C Regan
- W.M. Keck Structural Biology Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, New York, NY, 11724, USA
| | - Kevin Michalski
- W.M. Keck Structural Biology Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, New York, NY, 11724, USA
| | - Ricardo Gómez
- W.M. Keck Structural Biology Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, New York, NY, 11724, USA
| | - Albert Y Lau
- Department of Biophysics and Biophysical Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 725 N. Wolfe Street, WBSB 706, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.
| | - Hiro Furukawa
- W.M. Keck Structural Biology Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, New York, NY, 11724, USA.
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12
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Linsambarth S, Carvajal FJ, Moraga‐Amaro R, Mendez L, Tamburini G, Jimenez I, Verdugo DA, Gómez GI, Jury N, Martínez P, Zundert B, Varela‐Nallar L, Retamal MA, Martin C, Altenberg GA, Fiori MC, Cerpa W, Orellana JA, Stehberg J. Astroglial gliotransmitters released via Cx43 hemichannels regulate NMDAR‐dependent transmission and short‐term fear memory in the basolateral amygdala. FASEB J 2022; 36:e22134. [DOI: 10.1096/fj.202100798rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Revised: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Linsambarth
- Laboratorio de Neurobiología Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas Facultad de Medicina y Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida Universidad Andres Bello Santiago Chile
| | - Francisco J. Carvajal
- Laboratorio de Función y Patología Neuronal Departamento de Biología Celular y Molecular Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile Santiago Chile
| | - Rodrigo Moraga‐Amaro
- Laboratorio de Neurobiología Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas Facultad de Medicina y Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida Universidad Andres Bello Santiago Chile
| | - Luis Mendez
- Laboratorio de Neurobiología Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas Facultad de Medicina y Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida Universidad Andres Bello Santiago Chile
| | - Giovanni Tamburini
- Laboratorio de Neurobiología Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas Facultad de Medicina y Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida Universidad Andres Bello Santiago Chile
| | - Ivanka Jimenez
- Laboratorio de Neurobiología Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas Facultad de Medicina y Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida Universidad Andres Bello Santiago Chile
| | - Daniel Antonio Verdugo
- Laboratorio de Neurobiología Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas Facultad de Medicina y Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida Universidad Andres Bello Santiago Chile
| | - Gonzalo I. Gómez
- Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud Universidad Autónoma de Chile Santiago Chile
| | - Nur Jury
- Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas Facultad de Medicina y Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida Universidad Andres Bello Santiago Chile
| | - Pablo Martínez
- Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas Facultad de Medicina y Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida Universidad Andres Bello Santiago Chile
| | - Brigitte Zundert
- Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas Facultad de Medicina y Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida Universidad Andres Bello Santiago Chile
| | - Lorena Varela‐Nallar
- Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas Facultad de Medicina y Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida Universidad Andres Bello Santiago Chile
| | - Mauricio A. Retamal
- Centro de Fisiología Celular e Integrativa. Facultad de Medicina Clínica Alemana Universidad del Desarrollo Santiago Chile
| | - Claire Martin
- Unité de Biologie Fonctionnelle et Adaptative Centre National la Recherche Scientifique Unité Mixte de Recherche 8251 Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité Paris France
| | - Guillermo A. Altenberg
- Department of Cell Physiology and Molecular Biophysics Center for Membrane Protein Research Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center Lubbock Texas USA
| | - Mariana C. Fiori
- Department of Cell Physiology and Molecular Biophysics Center for Membrane Protein Research Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center Lubbock Texas USA
| | - Waldo Cerpa
- Laboratorio de Función y Patología Neuronal Departamento de Biología Celular y Molecular Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile Santiago Chile
| | - Juan A. Orellana
- Departamento de Neurología Escuela de Medicina Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile Santiago Chile
| | - Jimmy Stehberg
- Laboratorio de Neurobiología Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas Facultad de Medicina y Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida Universidad Andres Bello Santiago Chile
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13
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Zhao F, Atxabal U, Mariottini S, Yi F, Lotti JS, Rouzbeh N, Liu N, Bunch L, Hansen KB, Clausen RP. Derivatives of ( R)-3-(5-Furanyl)carboxamido-2-aminopropanoic Acid as Potent NMDA Receptor Glycine Site Agonists with GluN2 Subunit-Specific Activity. J Med Chem 2022; 65:734-746. [PMID: 34918931 PMCID: PMC9437973 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c01810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
NMDA receptors mediate glutamatergic neurotransmission and are therapeutic targets due to their involvement in a variety of psychiatric and neurological disorders. Here, we describe the design and synthesis of a series of (R)-3-(5-furanyl)carboxamido-2-aminopropanoic acid analogues 8a-s as agonists at the glycine (Gly) binding site in the GluN1 subunit, but not GluN3 subunits, of NMDA receptors. These novel analogues display highly variable potencies and agonist efficacies among the NMDA receptor subtypes (GluN1/2A-D) in a manner dependent on the GluN2 subunit. Notably, compound 8p is identified as a potent partial agonist at GluN1/2C (EC50 = 0.074 μM) with an agonist efficacy of 28% relative to activation by Gly and virtually no agonist activity at GluN1/2A, GluN1/2B, and GluN1/2D. Thus, these novel agonists can modulate the activity of specific NMDA receptor subtypes by replacing the full endogenous agonists Gly or d-serine (d-Ser), thereby providing new opportunities in the development of novel therapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabao Zhao
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, Copenhagen, DK-2200, Denmark.,Current address: Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, 250012 Jinan, Shandong, P.R. China
| | - Unai Atxabal
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, Copenhagen, DK-2200, Denmark
| | - Sofia Mariottini
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, Copenhagen, DK-2200, Denmark
| | - Feng Yi
- Center for Structural and Functional Neuroscience, Center for Biomolecular Structure and Dynamics, Division of Biological Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT 59812
| | - James S. Lotti
- Center for Structural and Functional Neuroscience, Center for Biomolecular Structure and Dynamics, Division of Biological Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT 59812
| | - Nirvan Rouzbeh
- Center for Structural and Functional Neuroscience, Center for Biomolecular Structure and Dynamics, Division of Biological Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT 59812
| | - Na Liu
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, Copenhagen, DK-2200, Denmark.,Current address: Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, 250012 Jinan, Shandong, P.R. China
| | - Lennart Bunch
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, Copenhagen, DK-2200, Denmark
| | - Kasper B. Hansen
- Center for Structural and Functional Neuroscience, Center for Biomolecular Structure and Dynamics, Division of Biological Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT 59812.,Corresponding Authors: Kasper B. Hansen - Center for Structural and Functional Neuroscience, Center for Biomolecular Structure and Dynamics, Division of Biological Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT, United States; Phone: (+1) 4062434820; . Rasmus P. Clausen - Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, Copenhagen, Denmark; Phone: (+45) 35336566;
| | - Rasmus P. Clausen
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, Copenhagen, DK-2200, Denmark.,Corresponding Authors: Kasper B. Hansen - Center for Structural and Functional Neuroscience, Center for Biomolecular Structure and Dynamics, Division of Biological Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT, United States; Phone: (+1) 4062434820; . Rasmus P. Clausen - Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, Copenhagen, Denmark; Phone: (+45) 35336566;
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14
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Zhao F, Mazis G, Yi F, Lotti JS, Layeux MS, Schultz EP, Bunch L, Hansen KB, Clausen RP. Discovery of ( R)-2-amino-3-triazolpropanoic acid derivatives as NMDA receptor glycine site agonists with GluN2 subunit-specific activity. Front Chem 2022; 10:1008233. [PMID: 36465862 PMCID: PMC9713482 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2022.1008233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
N-Methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptors play critical roles in central nervous system function and are involved in variety of brain disorders. We previously developed a series of (R)-3-(5-furanyl)carboxamido-2-aminopropanoic acid glycine site agonists with pronounced variation in activity among NMDA receptor GluN1/2A-D subtypes. Here, a series of (R)-2-amino-3-triazolpropanoic acid analogues with a novel chemical scaffold is designed and their pharmacological properties are evaluated at NMDA receptor subtypes. We found that the triazole can function as a bioisostere for amide to produce glycine site agonists with variation in activity among NMDA receptor subtypes. Compounds 13g and 13i are full and partial agonists, respectively, at GluN1/2C and GluN1/2D with 3- to 7-fold preference in agonist potency for GluN1/2C-D over GluN1/2A-B subtypes. The agonist binding mode of these triazole analogues and the mechanisms by which the triazole ring can serve as a bioisostere for amide were further explored using molecular dynamics simulations. Thus, the novel (R)-2-amino-3-triazolpropanoic acid derivatives reveal insights to agonist binding at the GluN1 subunit of NMDA receptors and provide new opportunities for the design of glycine site agonists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabao Zhao
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Georgios Mazis
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Feng Yi
- Center for Structural and Functional Neuroscience, Center for Biomolecular Structure and Dynamics, Division of Biological Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT, United States
| | - James S Lotti
- Center for Structural and Functional Neuroscience, Center for Biomolecular Structure and Dynamics, Division of Biological Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT, United States
| | - Michael S Layeux
- Center for Structural and Functional Neuroscience, Center for Biomolecular Structure and Dynamics, Division of Biological Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT, United States
| | - Eric P Schultz
- Center for Structural and Functional Neuroscience, Center for Biomolecular Structure and Dynamics, Division of Biological Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT, United States
| | - Lennart Bunch
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kasper B Hansen
- Center for Structural and Functional Neuroscience, Center for Biomolecular Structure and Dynamics, Division of Biological Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT, United States
| | - Rasmus P Clausen
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Hansen KB, Wollmuth LP, Bowie D, Furukawa H, Menniti FS, Sobolevsky AI, Swanson GT, Swanger SA, Greger IH, Nakagawa T, McBain CJ, Jayaraman V, Low CM, Dell'Acqua ML, Diamond JS, Camp CR, Perszyk RE, Yuan H, Traynelis SF. Structure, Function, and Pharmacology of Glutamate Receptor Ion Channels. Pharmacol Rev 2021; 73:298-487. [PMID: 34753794 PMCID: PMC8626789 DOI: 10.1124/pharmrev.120.000131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 258] [Impact Index Per Article: 86.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Many physiologic effects of l-glutamate, the major excitatory neurotransmitter in the mammalian central nervous system, are mediated via signaling by ionotropic glutamate receptors (iGluRs). These ligand-gated ion channels are critical to brain function and are centrally implicated in numerous psychiatric and neurologic disorders. There are different classes of iGluRs with a variety of receptor subtypes in each class that play distinct roles in neuronal functions. The diversity in iGluR subtypes, with their unique functional properties and physiologic roles, has motivated a large number of studies. Our understanding of receptor subtypes has advanced considerably since the first iGluR subunit gene was cloned in 1989, and the research focus has expanded to encompass facets of biology that have been recently discovered and to exploit experimental paradigms made possible by technological advances. Here, we review insights from more than 3 decades of iGluR studies with an emphasis on the progress that has occurred in the past decade. We cover structure, function, pharmacology, roles in neurophysiology, and therapeutic implications for all classes of receptors assembled from the subunits encoded by the 18 ionotropic glutamate receptor genes. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Glutamate receptors play important roles in virtually all aspects of brain function and are either involved in mediating some clinical features of neurological disease or represent a therapeutic target for treatment. Therefore, understanding the structure, function, and pharmacology of this class of receptors will advance our understanding of many aspects of brain function at molecular, cellular, and system levels and provide new opportunities to treat patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kasper B Hansen
- Center for Structural and Functional Neuroscience, Center for Biomolecular Structure and Dynamics, Division of Biological Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT (K.B.H.); Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, Center for Nervous System Disorders, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY (L.P.W.); Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada (D.B.); WM Keck Structural Biology Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY (H.F.); MindImmune Therapeutics, Inc., The George & Anne Ryan Institute for Neuroscience, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI (F.S.M.); Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, NY (A.I.S.); Department of Pharmacology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL (G.T.S.); Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at Virginia Tech Carilion, Virginia Tech, Roanoke, VA and Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA (S.A.S.); Neurobiology Division, MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, United Kingdom (I.H.G.); Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Center for Structural Biology, Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University, School of Medicine, Nashville, TN (T.N.); Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (C.J.M.), and Synaptic Physiology Section, NINDS Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (J.S.D.); Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX (V.J.); Department of Pharmacology, Department of Anaesthesia, Healthy Longevity Translational Research Program, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore (C.-M.L.); Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO (M.L.D.); and Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA (C.R.C., R.E.P., H.Y., S.F.T.)
| | - Lonnie P Wollmuth
- Center for Structural and Functional Neuroscience, Center for Biomolecular Structure and Dynamics, Division of Biological Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT (K.B.H.); Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, Center for Nervous System Disorders, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY (L.P.W.); Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada (D.B.); WM Keck Structural Biology Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY (H.F.); MindImmune Therapeutics, Inc., The George & Anne Ryan Institute for Neuroscience, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI (F.S.M.); Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, NY (A.I.S.); Department of Pharmacology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL (G.T.S.); Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at Virginia Tech Carilion, Virginia Tech, Roanoke, VA and Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA (S.A.S.); Neurobiology Division, MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, United Kingdom (I.H.G.); Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Center for Structural Biology, Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University, School of Medicine, Nashville, TN (T.N.); Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (C.J.M.), and Synaptic Physiology Section, NINDS Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (J.S.D.); Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX (V.J.); Department of Pharmacology, Department of Anaesthesia, Healthy Longevity Translational Research Program, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore (C.-M.L.); Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO (M.L.D.); and Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA (C.R.C., R.E.P., H.Y., S.F.T.)
| | - Derek Bowie
- Center for Structural and Functional Neuroscience, Center for Biomolecular Structure and Dynamics, Division of Biological Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT (K.B.H.); Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, Center for Nervous System Disorders, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY (L.P.W.); Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada (D.B.); WM Keck Structural Biology Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY (H.F.); MindImmune Therapeutics, Inc., The George & Anne Ryan Institute for Neuroscience, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI (F.S.M.); Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, NY (A.I.S.); Department of Pharmacology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL (G.T.S.); Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at Virginia Tech Carilion, Virginia Tech, Roanoke, VA and Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA (S.A.S.); Neurobiology Division, MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, United Kingdom (I.H.G.); Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Center for Structural Biology, Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University, School of Medicine, Nashville, TN (T.N.); Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (C.J.M.), and Synaptic Physiology Section, NINDS Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (J.S.D.); Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX (V.J.); Department of Pharmacology, Department of Anaesthesia, Healthy Longevity Translational Research Program, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore (C.-M.L.); Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO (M.L.D.); and Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA (C.R.C., R.E.P., H.Y., S.F.T.)
| | - Hiro Furukawa
- Center for Structural and Functional Neuroscience, Center for Biomolecular Structure and Dynamics, Division of Biological Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT (K.B.H.); Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, Center for Nervous System Disorders, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY (L.P.W.); Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada (D.B.); WM Keck Structural Biology Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY (H.F.); MindImmune Therapeutics, Inc., The George & Anne Ryan Institute for Neuroscience, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI (F.S.M.); Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, NY (A.I.S.); Department of Pharmacology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL (G.T.S.); Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at Virginia Tech Carilion, Virginia Tech, Roanoke, VA and Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA (S.A.S.); Neurobiology Division, MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, United Kingdom (I.H.G.); Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Center for Structural Biology, Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University, School of Medicine, Nashville, TN (T.N.); Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (C.J.M.), and Synaptic Physiology Section, NINDS Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (J.S.D.); Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX (V.J.); Department of Pharmacology, Department of Anaesthesia, Healthy Longevity Translational Research Program, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore (C.-M.L.); Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO (M.L.D.); and Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA (C.R.C., R.E.P., H.Y., S.F.T.)
| | - Frank S Menniti
- Center for Structural and Functional Neuroscience, Center for Biomolecular Structure and Dynamics, Division of Biological Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT (K.B.H.); Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, Center for Nervous System Disorders, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY (L.P.W.); Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada (D.B.); WM Keck Structural Biology Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY (H.F.); MindImmune Therapeutics, Inc., The George & Anne Ryan Institute for Neuroscience, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI (F.S.M.); Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, NY (A.I.S.); Department of Pharmacology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL (G.T.S.); Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at Virginia Tech Carilion, Virginia Tech, Roanoke, VA and Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA (S.A.S.); Neurobiology Division, MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, United Kingdom (I.H.G.); Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Center for Structural Biology, Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University, School of Medicine, Nashville, TN (T.N.); Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (C.J.M.), and Synaptic Physiology Section, NINDS Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (J.S.D.); Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX (V.J.); Department of Pharmacology, Department of Anaesthesia, Healthy Longevity Translational Research Program, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore (C.-M.L.); Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO (M.L.D.); and Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA (C.R.C., R.E.P., H.Y., S.F.T.)
| | - Alexander I Sobolevsky
- Center for Structural and Functional Neuroscience, Center for Biomolecular Structure and Dynamics, Division of Biological Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT (K.B.H.); Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, Center for Nervous System Disorders, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY (L.P.W.); Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada (D.B.); WM Keck Structural Biology Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY (H.F.); MindImmune Therapeutics, Inc., The George & Anne Ryan Institute for Neuroscience, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI (F.S.M.); Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, NY (A.I.S.); Department of Pharmacology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL (G.T.S.); Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at Virginia Tech Carilion, Virginia Tech, Roanoke, VA and Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA (S.A.S.); Neurobiology Division, MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, United Kingdom (I.H.G.); Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Center for Structural Biology, Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University, School of Medicine, Nashville, TN (T.N.); Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (C.J.M.), and Synaptic Physiology Section, NINDS Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (J.S.D.); Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX (V.J.); Department of Pharmacology, Department of Anaesthesia, Healthy Longevity Translational Research Program, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore (C.-M.L.); Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO (M.L.D.); and Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA (C.R.C., R.E.P., H.Y., S.F.T.)
| | - Geoffrey T Swanson
- Center for Structural and Functional Neuroscience, Center for Biomolecular Structure and Dynamics, Division of Biological Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT (K.B.H.); Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, Center for Nervous System Disorders, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY (L.P.W.); Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada (D.B.); WM Keck Structural Biology Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY (H.F.); MindImmune Therapeutics, Inc., The George & Anne Ryan Institute for Neuroscience, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI (F.S.M.); Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, NY (A.I.S.); Department of Pharmacology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL (G.T.S.); Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at Virginia Tech Carilion, Virginia Tech, Roanoke, VA and Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA (S.A.S.); Neurobiology Division, MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, United Kingdom (I.H.G.); Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Center for Structural Biology, Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University, School of Medicine, Nashville, TN (T.N.); Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (C.J.M.), and Synaptic Physiology Section, NINDS Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (J.S.D.); Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX (V.J.); Department of Pharmacology, Department of Anaesthesia, Healthy Longevity Translational Research Program, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore (C.-M.L.); Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO (M.L.D.); and Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA (C.R.C., R.E.P., H.Y., S.F.T.)
| | - Sharon A Swanger
- Center for Structural and Functional Neuroscience, Center for Biomolecular Structure and Dynamics, Division of Biological Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT (K.B.H.); Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, Center for Nervous System Disorders, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY (L.P.W.); Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada (D.B.); WM Keck Structural Biology Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY (H.F.); MindImmune Therapeutics, Inc., The George & Anne Ryan Institute for Neuroscience, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI (F.S.M.); Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, NY (A.I.S.); Department of Pharmacology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL (G.T.S.); Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at Virginia Tech Carilion, Virginia Tech, Roanoke, VA and Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA (S.A.S.); Neurobiology Division, MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, United Kingdom (I.H.G.); Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Center for Structural Biology, Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University, School of Medicine, Nashville, TN (T.N.); Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (C.J.M.), and Synaptic Physiology Section, NINDS Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (J.S.D.); Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX (V.J.); Department of Pharmacology, Department of Anaesthesia, Healthy Longevity Translational Research Program, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore (C.-M.L.); Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO (M.L.D.); and Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA (C.R.C., R.E.P., H.Y., S.F.T.)
| | - Ingo H Greger
- Center for Structural and Functional Neuroscience, Center for Biomolecular Structure and Dynamics, Division of Biological Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT (K.B.H.); Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, Center for Nervous System Disorders, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY (L.P.W.); Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada (D.B.); WM Keck Structural Biology Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY (H.F.); MindImmune Therapeutics, Inc., The George & Anne Ryan Institute for Neuroscience, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI (F.S.M.); Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, NY (A.I.S.); Department of Pharmacology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL (G.T.S.); Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at Virginia Tech Carilion, Virginia Tech, Roanoke, VA and Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA (S.A.S.); Neurobiology Division, MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, United Kingdom (I.H.G.); Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Center for Structural Biology, Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University, School of Medicine, Nashville, TN (T.N.); Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (C.J.M.), and Synaptic Physiology Section, NINDS Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (J.S.D.); Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX (V.J.); Department of Pharmacology, Department of Anaesthesia, Healthy Longevity Translational Research Program, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore (C.-M.L.); Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO (M.L.D.); and Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA (C.R.C., R.E.P., H.Y., S.F.T.)
| | - Terunaga Nakagawa
- Center for Structural and Functional Neuroscience, Center for Biomolecular Structure and Dynamics, Division of Biological Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT (K.B.H.); Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, Center for Nervous System Disorders, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY (L.P.W.); Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada (D.B.); WM Keck Structural Biology Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY (H.F.); MindImmune Therapeutics, Inc., The George & Anne Ryan Institute for Neuroscience, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI (F.S.M.); Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, NY (A.I.S.); Department of Pharmacology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL (G.T.S.); Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at Virginia Tech Carilion, Virginia Tech, Roanoke, VA and Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA (S.A.S.); Neurobiology Division, MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, United Kingdom (I.H.G.); Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Center for Structural Biology, Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University, School of Medicine, Nashville, TN (T.N.); Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (C.J.M.), and Synaptic Physiology Section, NINDS Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (J.S.D.); Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX (V.J.); Department of Pharmacology, Department of Anaesthesia, Healthy Longevity Translational Research Program, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore (C.-M.L.); Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO (M.L.D.); and Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA (C.R.C., R.E.P., H.Y., S.F.T.)
| | - Chris J McBain
- Center for Structural and Functional Neuroscience, Center for Biomolecular Structure and Dynamics, Division of Biological Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT (K.B.H.); Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, Center for Nervous System Disorders, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY (L.P.W.); Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada (D.B.); WM Keck Structural Biology Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY (H.F.); MindImmune Therapeutics, Inc., The George & Anne Ryan Institute for Neuroscience, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI (F.S.M.); Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, NY (A.I.S.); Department of Pharmacology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL (G.T.S.); Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at Virginia Tech Carilion, Virginia Tech, Roanoke, VA and Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA (S.A.S.); Neurobiology Division, MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, United Kingdom (I.H.G.); Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Center for Structural Biology, Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University, School of Medicine, Nashville, TN (T.N.); Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (C.J.M.), and Synaptic Physiology Section, NINDS Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (J.S.D.); Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX (V.J.); Department of Pharmacology, Department of Anaesthesia, Healthy Longevity Translational Research Program, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore (C.-M.L.); Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO (M.L.D.); and Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA (C.R.C., R.E.P., H.Y., S.F.T.)
| | - Vasanthi Jayaraman
- Center for Structural and Functional Neuroscience, Center for Biomolecular Structure and Dynamics, Division of Biological Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT (K.B.H.); Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, Center for Nervous System Disorders, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY (L.P.W.); Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada (D.B.); WM Keck Structural Biology Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY (H.F.); MindImmune Therapeutics, Inc., The George & Anne Ryan Institute for Neuroscience, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI (F.S.M.); Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, NY (A.I.S.); Department of Pharmacology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL (G.T.S.); Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at Virginia Tech Carilion, Virginia Tech, Roanoke, VA and Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA (S.A.S.); Neurobiology Division, MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, United Kingdom (I.H.G.); Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Center for Structural Biology, Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University, School of Medicine, Nashville, TN (T.N.); Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (C.J.M.), and Synaptic Physiology Section, NINDS Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (J.S.D.); Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX (V.J.); Department of Pharmacology, Department of Anaesthesia, Healthy Longevity Translational Research Program, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore (C.-M.L.); Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO (M.L.D.); and Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA (C.R.C., R.E.P., H.Y., S.F.T.)
| | - Chian-Ming Low
- Center for Structural and Functional Neuroscience, Center for Biomolecular Structure and Dynamics, Division of Biological Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT (K.B.H.); Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, Center for Nervous System Disorders, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY (L.P.W.); Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada (D.B.); WM Keck Structural Biology Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY (H.F.); MindImmune Therapeutics, Inc., The George & Anne Ryan Institute for Neuroscience, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI (F.S.M.); Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, NY (A.I.S.); Department of Pharmacology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL (G.T.S.); Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at Virginia Tech Carilion, Virginia Tech, Roanoke, VA and Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA (S.A.S.); Neurobiology Division, MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, United Kingdom (I.H.G.); Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Center for Structural Biology, Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University, School of Medicine, Nashville, TN (T.N.); Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (C.J.M.), and Synaptic Physiology Section, NINDS Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (J.S.D.); Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX (V.J.); Department of Pharmacology, Department of Anaesthesia, Healthy Longevity Translational Research Program, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore (C.-M.L.); Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO (M.L.D.); and Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA (C.R.C., R.E.P., H.Y., S.F.T.)
| | - Mark L Dell'Acqua
- Center for Structural and Functional Neuroscience, Center for Biomolecular Structure and Dynamics, Division of Biological Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT (K.B.H.); Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, Center for Nervous System Disorders, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY (L.P.W.); Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada (D.B.); WM Keck Structural Biology Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY (H.F.); MindImmune Therapeutics, Inc., The George & Anne Ryan Institute for Neuroscience, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI (F.S.M.); Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, NY (A.I.S.); Department of Pharmacology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL (G.T.S.); Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at Virginia Tech Carilion, Virginia Tech, Roanoke, VA and Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA (S.A.S.); Neurobiology Division, MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, United Kingdom (I.H.G.); Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Center for Structural Biology, Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University, School of Medicine, Nashville, TN (T.N.); Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (C.J.M.), and Synaptic Physiology Section, NINDS Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (J.S.D.); Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX (V.J.); Department of Pharmacology, Department of Anaesthesia, Healthy Longevity Translational Research Program, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore (C.-M.L.); Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO (M.L.D.); and Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA (C.R.C., R.E.P., H.Y., S.F.T.)
| | - Jeffrey S Diamond
- Center for Structural and Functional Neuroscience, Center for Biomolecular Structure and Dynamics, Division of Biological Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT (K.B.H.); Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, Center for Nervous System Disorders, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY (L.P.W.); Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada (D.B.); WM Keck Structural Biology Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY (H.F.); MindImmune Therapeutics, Inc., The George & Anne Ryan Institute for Neuroscience, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI (F.S.M.); Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, NY (A.I.S.); Department of Pharmacology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL (G.T.S.); Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at Virginia Tech Carilion, Virginia Tech, Roanoke, VA and Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA (S.A.S.); Neurobiology Division, MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, United Kingdom (I.H.G.); Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Center for Structural Biology, Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University, School of Medicine, Nashville, TN (T.N.); Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (C.J.M.), and Synaptic Physiology Section, NINDS Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (J.S.D.); Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX (V.J.); Department of Pharmacology, Department of Anaesthesia, Healthy Longevity Translational Research Program, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore (C.-M.L.); Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO (M.L.D.); and Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA (C.R.C., R.E.P., H.Y., S.F.T.)
| | - Chad R Camp
- Center for Structural and Functional Neuroscience, Center for Biomolecular Structure and Dynamics, Division of Biological Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT (K.B.H.); Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, Center for Nervous System Disorders, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY (L.P.W.); Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada (D.B.); WM Keck Structural Biology Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY (H.F.); MindImmune Therapeutics, Inc., The George & Anne Ryan Institute for Neuroscience, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI (F.S.M.); Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, NY (A.I.S.); Department of Pharmacology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL (G.T.S.); Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at Virginia Tech Carilion, Virginia Tech, Roanoke, VA and Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA (S.A.S.); Neurobiology Division, MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, United Kingdom (I.H.G.); Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Center for Structural Biology, Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University, School of Medicine, Nashville, TN (T.N.); Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (C.J.M.), and Synaptic Physiology Section, NINDS Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (J.S.D.); Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX (V.J.); Department of Pharmacology, Department of Anaesthesia, Healthy Longevity Translational Research Program, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore (C.-M.L.); Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO (M.L.D.); and Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA (C.R.C., R.E.P., H.Y., S.F.T.)
| | - Riley E Perszyk
- Center for Structural and Functional Neuroscience, Center for Biomolecular Structure and Dynamics, Division of Biological Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT (K.B.H.); Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, Center for Nervous System Disorders, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY (L.P.W.); Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada (D.B.); WM Keck Structural Biology Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY (H.F.); MindImmune Therapeutics, Inc., The George & Anne Ryan Institute for Neuroscience, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI (F.S.M.); Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, NY (A.I.S.); Department of Pharmacology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL (G.T.S.); Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at Virginia Tech Carilion, Virginia Tech, Roanoke, VA and Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA (S.A.S.); Neurobiology Division, MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, United Kingdom (I.H.G.); Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Center for Structural Biology, Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University, School of Medicine, Nashville, TN (T.N.); Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (C.J.M.), and Synaptic Physiology Section, NINDS Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (J.S.D.); Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX (V.J.); Department of Pharmacology, Department of Anaesthesia, Healthy Longevity Translational Research Program, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore (C.-M.L.); Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO (M.L.D.); and Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA (C.R.C., R.E.P., H.Y., S.F.T.)
| | - Hongjie Yuan
- Center for Structural and Functional Neuroscience, Center for Biomolecular Structure and Dynamics, Division of Biological Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT (K.B.H.); Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, Center for Nervous System Disorders, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY (L.P.W.); Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada (D.B.); WM Keck Structural Biology Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY (H.F.); MindImmune Therapeutics, Inc., The George & Anne Ryan Institute for Neuroscience, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI (F.S.M.); Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, NY (A.I.S.); Department of Pharmacology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL (G.T.S.); Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at Virginia Tech Carilion, Virginia Tech, Roanoke, VA and Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA (S.A.S.); Neurobiology Division, MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, United Kingdom (I.H.G.); Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Center for Structural Biology, Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University, School of Medicine, Nashville, TN (T.N.); Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (C.J.M.), and Synaptic Physiology Section, NINDS Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (J.S.D.); Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX (V.J.); Department of Pharmacology, Department of Anaesthesia, Healthy Longevity Translational Research Program, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore (C.-M.L.); Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO (M.L.D.); and Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA (C.R.C., R.E.P., H.Y., S.F.T.)
| | - Stephen F Traynelis
- Center for Structural and Functional Neuroscience, Center for Biomolecular Structure and Dynamics, Division of Biological Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT (K.B.H.); Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, Center for Nervous System Disorders, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY (L.P.W.); Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada (D.B.); WM Keck Structural Biology Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY (H.F.); MindImmune Therapeutics, Inc., The George & Anne Ryan Institute for Neuroscience, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI (F.S.M.); Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, NY (A.I.S.); Department of Pharmacology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL (G.T.S.); Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at Virginia Tech Carilion, Virginia Tech, Roanoke, VA and Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA (S.A.S.); Neurobiology Division, MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, United Kingdom (I.H.G.); Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Center for Structural Biology, Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University, School of Medicine, Nashville, TN (T.N.); Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (C.J.M.), and Synaptic Physiology Section, NINDS Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (J.S.D.); Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX (V.J.); Department of Pharmacology, Department of Anaesthesia, Healthy Longevity Translational Research Program, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore (C.-M.L.); Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO (M.L.D.); and Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA (C.R.C., R.E.P., H.Y., S.F.T.)
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16
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Tian M, Stroebel D, Piot L, David M, Ye S, Paoletti P. GluN2A and GluN2B NMDA receptors use distinct allosteric routes. Nat Commun 2021; 12:4709. [PMID: 34354080 PMCID: PMC8342458 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-25058-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Allostery represents a fundamental mechanism of biological regulation that involves long-range communication between distant protein sites. It also provides a powerful framework for novel therapeutics. NMDA receptors (NMDARs), glutamate-gated ionotropic receptors that play central roles in synapse maturation and plasticity, are prototypical allosteric machines harboring large extracellular N-terminal domains (NTDs) that provide allosteric control of key receptor properties with impact on cognition and behavior. It is commonly thought that GluN2A and GluN2B receptors, the two predominant NMDAR subtypes in the adult brain, share similar allosteric transitions. Here, combining functional and structural interrogation, we reveal that GluN2A and GluN2B receptors utilize different long-distance allosteric mechanisms involving distinct subunit-subunit interfaces and molecular rearrangements. NMDARs have thus evolved multiple levels of subunit-specific allosteric control over their transmembrane ion channel pore. Our results uncover an unsuspected diversity in NMDAR molecular mechanisms with important implications for receptor physiology and precision drug development. NMDA receptors are glutamate-gated ion channels essential for synapse maturation and plasticity. Here the authors show that GluN2A and GluN2B NMDA receptors — the two principal subtypes NMDARs in the adult CNS — operate through distinct long range allosteric mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meilin Tian
- Institut de Biologie de l'Ecole Normale Supérieure (IBENS), Ecole Normale Supérieure, Université PSL, CNRS, INSERM, Paris, France
| | - David Stroebel
- Institut de Biologie de l'Ecole Normale Supérieure (IBENS), Ecole Normale Supérieure, Université PSL, CNRS, INSERM, Paris, France
| | - Laura Piot
- Institut de Biologie de l'Ecole Normale Supérieure (IBENS), Ecole Normale Supérieure, Université PSL, CNRS, INSERM, Paris, France
| | - Mélissa David
- Institut de Biologie de l'Ecole Normale Supérieure (IBENS), Ecole Normale Supérieure, Université PSL, CNRS, INSERM, Paris, France
| | - Shixin Ye
- Unité INSERM U1195, Hôpital de Bicêtre, Université Paris-Saclay, Paris, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France.
| | - Pierre Paoletti
- Institut de Biologie de l'Ecole Normale Supérieure (IBENS), Ecole Normale Supérieure, Université PSL, CNRS, INSERM, Paris, France.
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17
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Perszyk RE, Kristensen AS, Lyuboslavsky P, Traynelis SF. Three-dimensional missense tolerance ratio analysis. Genome Res 2021; 31:1447-1461. [PMID: 34301626 PMCID: PMC8327912 DOI: 10.1101/gr.275528.121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
A wealth of genetic information is available describing single-nucleotide variants in the human population that appear to be well-tolerated and in and of themselves do not confer disease. These variant data sets contain signatures about the protein structure-function relationships and provide an unbiased view of various protein functions in the context of human health. This information can be used to determine regional intolerance to variation, defined as the missense tolerance ratio (MTR), which is an indicator of stretches of the polypeptide chain that can tolerate changes without compromising protein function in a manner that impacts human health. This approach circumvents the lack of comprehensive data by averaging the data from adjacent residues on the polypeptide chain. We reasoned that many motifs in proteins consist of nonadjacent residues, but together function as a unit. We therefore developed an approach to analyze nearest neighbors in three-dimensional space as determined by crystallography rather than on the polypeptide chain. We used members of the GRIN gene family that encode subunits of NMDA-type ionotropic glutamate receptors (iGluRs) to exemplify the differences between these methods. Our method, 3DMTR, provides new information about regions of intolerance within iGluRs, allows consideration of protein-protein interfaces in multimeric proteins, and moves this important research tool from one-dimensional analysis to a structurally relevant tool. We validate the improved 3DMTR score by showing that it more accurately classifies the functional consequences of a set of newly measured and published point mutations of Grin family genes than existing methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riley E Perszyk
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, USA
| | - Anders S Kristensen
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, USA
| | - Polina Lyuboslavsky
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, USA
| | - Stephen F Traynelis
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, USA
- Center for Functional Evaluation of Rare Variants (CFERV), Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, USA
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18
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McDaniel MJ, Ogden KK, Kell SA, Burger PB, Liotta DC, Traynelis SF. NMDA receptor channel gating control by the pre-M1 helix. J Gen Physiol 2021; 152:151592. [PMID: 32221541 PMCID: PMC7141592 DOI: 10.1085/jgp.201912362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2019] [Revised: 08/09/2019] [Accepted: 02/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The NMDA receptor (NMDAR) is an ionotropic glutamate receptor formed from the tetrameric assembly of GluN1 and GluN2 subunits. Within the flexible linker between the agonist binding domain (ABD) and the M1 helix of the pore-forming transmembrane helical bundle lies a two-turn, extracellular pre-M1 helix positioned parallel to the plasma membrane and in van der Waals contact with the M3 helix thought to constitute the channel gate. The pre-M1 helix is tethered to the bilobed ABD, where agonist-induced conformational changes initiate activation. Additionally, it is a locus for de novo mutations associated with neurological disorders, is near other disease-associated de novo sites within the transmembrane domain, and is a structural determinant of subunit-selective modulators. To investigate the role of the pre-M1 helix in channel gating, we performed scanning mutagenesis across the GluN2A pre-M1 helix and recorded whole-cell macroscopic and single channel currents from HEK293 cell-attached patches. We identified two residues at which mutations perturb channel open probability, the mean open time, and the glutamate deactivation time course. We identified a subunit-specific network of aromatic amino acids located in and around the GluN2A pre-M1 helix to be important for gating. Based on these results, we are able to hypothesize about the role of the pre-M1 helix in other NMDAR subunits based on sequence and structure homology. Our results emphasize the role of the pre-M1 helix in channel gating, implicate the surrounding amino acid environment in this mechanism, and suggest unique subunit-specific contributions of pre-M1 helices to GluN1 and GluN2 gating.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miranda J McDaniel
- Department of Pharmacology, Rollins Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA
| | - Kevin K Ogden
- Department of Pharmacology, Rollins Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA
| | - Steven A Kell
- Department of Pharmacology, Rollins Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA.,Department of Chemistry, Emory University, Atlanta, GA
| | | | | | - Stephen F Traynelis
- Department of Pharmacology, Rollins Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA
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19
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Perszyk RE, Zheng Z, Banke TG, Zhang J, Xie L, McDaniel MJ, Katzman BM, Pelly SC, Yuan H, Liotta DC, Traynelis SF. The Negative Allosteric Modulator EU1794-4 Reduces Single-Channel Conductance and Ca 2+ Permeability of GluN1/GluN2A N-Methyl-d-Aspartate Receptors. Mol Pharmacol 2021; 99:399-411. [PMID: 33688039 DOI: 10.1124/molpharm.120.000218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
NMDA receptors are ligand-gated ion channels that mediate a slow, Ca2+-permeable component of excitatory synaptic currents. These receptors are involved in several important brain functions, including learning and memory, and have also been implicated in neuropathological conditions and acute central nervous system injury, which has driven therapeutic interest in their modulation. The EU1794 series of positive and negative allosteric modulators of NMDA receptors has structural determinants of action near the preM1 helix that is involved in channel gating. Here, we describe the effects of the negative allosteric modulator EU1794-4 on GluN1/GluN2A channels studied in excised outside-out patches. Coapplication of EU1794-4 with a maximally effective concentration of glutamate and glycine increases the fraction of time the channel is open by nearly 1.5-fold, yet reduces single-channel conductance by increasing access of the channel to several subconductance levels, which has the net overall effect of reducing the macroscopic current. The lack of voltage-dependence of negative modulation suggests this is unrelated to a channel block mechanism. As seen with other NMDA receptor modulators that reduce channel conductance, EU1794-4 also reduces the Ca2+ permeability relative to monovalent cations of GluN1/GluN2A receptors. We conclude that EU1794-4 is a prototype for a new class of NMDA receptor negative allosteric modulators that reduce both the overall current that flows after receptor activation and the flux of Ca2+ ion relative to monovalent cations. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: NMDA receptors are implicated in many neurological conditions but are challenging to target given their ubiquitous expression. Several newly identified properties of the negative allosteric modulator EU1794-4, including reducing Ca2+ flux through NMDA receptors and attenuating channel conductance, explain why this modulator reduces but does not eliminate NMDA receptor function. A modulator with these properties could have therapeutic advantages for indications in which attenuation of NMDA receptor function is beneficial, such as neurodegenerative disease and acute injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riley E Perszyk
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia (R.E.P., Z.Z., T.G.B., J.Z., L.X., M.J.M., H.Y., S.F.T.) and Department of Chemistry, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia (B.M.K., S.C.P., D.C.L.)
| | - Zhaoshi Zheng
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia (R.E.P., Z.Z., T.G.B., J.Z., L.X., M.J.M., H.Y., S.F.T.) and Department of Chemistry, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia (B.M.K., S.C.P., D.C.L.)
| | - Tue G Banke
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia (R.E.P., Z.Z., T.G.B., J.Z., L.X., M.J.M., H.Y., S.F.T.) and Department of Chemistry, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia (B.M.K., S.C.P., D.C.L.)
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia (R.E.P., Z.Z., T.G.B., J.Z., L.X., M.J.M., H.Y., S.F.T.) and Department of Chemistry, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia (B.M.K., S.C.P., D.C.L.)
| | - Lingling Xie
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia (R.E.P., Z.Z., T.G.B., J.Z., L.X., M.J.M., H.Y., S.F.T.) and Department of Chemistry, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia (B.M.K., S.C.P., D.C.L.)
| | - Miranda J McDaniel
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia (R.E.P., Z.Z., T.G.B., J.Z., L.X., M.J.M., H.Y., S.F.T.) and Department of Chemistry, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia (B.M.K., S.C.P., D.C.L.)
| | - Brooke M Katzman
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia (R.E.P., Z.Z., T.G.B., J.Z., L.X., M.J.M., H.Y., S.F.T.) and Department of Chemistry, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia (B.M.K., S.C.P., D.C.L.)
| | - Stephen C Pelly
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia (R.E.P., Z.Z., T.G.B., J.Z., L.X., M.J.M., H.Y., S.F.T.) and Department of Chemistry, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia (B.M.K., S.C.P., D.C.L.)
| | - Hongjie Yuan
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia (R.E.P., Z.Z., T.G.B., J.Z., L.X., M.J.M., H.Y., S.F.T.) and Department of Chemistry, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia (B.M.K., S.C.P., D.C.L.)
| | - Dennis C Liotta
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia (R.E.P., Z.Z., T.G.B., J.Z., L.X., M.J.M., H.Y., S.F.T.) and Department of Chemistry, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia (B.M.K., S.C.P., D.C.L.)
| | - Stephen F Traynelis
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia (R.E.P., Z.Z., T.G.B., J.Z., L.X., M.J.M., H.Y., S.F.T.) and Department of Chemistry, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia (B.M.K., S.C.P., D.C.L.)
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20
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Furukawa H, Simorowski N, Michalski K. Effective production of oligomeric membrane proteins by EarlyBac-insect cell system. Methods Enzymol 2021; 653:3-19. [PMID: 34099177 DOI: 10.1016/bs.mie.2020.12.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Despite major advances in methodologies for membrane protein production over the last two decades, there remain challenging protein complexes that are technically difficult to yield by conventional recombinant expression methods. A large number of these proteins are multimeric membrane proteins from eukaryotic species, which are required to pass through stringent quality control mechanisms of host cells for proper folding and complex assembly. Here, we describe the development procedure to improve the production efficiency of multi-oligomeric membrane protein complexes in insect cells and recombinant baculovirus, which involves screening of promoters, enhancers, and untranslated regions for expression levels, using calcium homeostasis modulator (CALHM) and N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) proteins as examples. We demonstrate that our insect cell expression strategy is effective in expression of both multi-homomeric CALHM proteins and multi-heteromeric NMDARs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiro Furukawa
- WM Keck Structural Biology Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY, United States.
| | - Noriko Simorowski
- WM Keck Structural Biology Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY, United States
| | - Kevin Michalski
- WM Keck Structural Biology Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY, United States
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21
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Maolanon A, Papangelis A, Kawiecki D, Mou TC, Syrenne JT, Yi F, Hansen KB, Clausen RP. Stereoselective synthesis of novel 2'-(S)-CCG-IV analogues as potent NMDA receptor agonists. Eur J Med Chem 2020; 212:113099. [PMID: 33383257 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2020.113099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Revised: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
We developed a versatile stereoselective route for the synthesis of new 2'-(S)-CCG-IV analogues. The route allows for late stage diversification and thereby provides access to a great variety of conformationally restricted cyclopropyl glutamate analogues. A selection of the 2'-(S)-CCG-IV analogues were evaluated using two-electrode voltage-clamp electrophysiology at recombinant GluN1/GluN2A-D receptors, demonstrating that agonists can be developed with GluN2 subunit-dependent potency and agonist efficacy. We also describe a crystal structure of the GluN2A agonist binding domain in complex with 2'-butyl-(S)-CCG-IV that determines the position of 2'-substituents in (S)-CCG-IV agonists in the glutamate binding site and provides further insight to the structural determinants of their agonist efficacy. The stereoselective synthesis described here enables versatile and straight-forward modifications to diverse analogues of interest for the development of potent subtype-specific NMDA receptor agonists and other applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex Maolanon
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Athanasios Papangelis
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - David Kawiecki
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Tung-Chung Mou
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT, 59812, USA; Center for Biomolecular Structure and Dynamics, University of Montana, Missoula, MT, 59812, USA
| | - Jed T Syrenne
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT, 59812, USA; Center for Biomolecular Structure and Dynamics, University of Montana, Missoula, MT, 59812, USA; Center for Structural and Functional Neuroscience, University of Montana, Missoula, MT, 59812, USA
| | - Feng Yi
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT, 59812, USA; Center for Biomolecular Structure and Dynamics, University of Montana, Missoula, MT, 59812, USA; Center for Structural and Functional Neuroscience, University of Montana, Missoula, MT, 59812, USA
| | - Kasper B Hansen
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT, 59812, USA; Center for Biomolecular Structure and Dynamics, University of Montana, Missoula, MT, 59812, USA; Center for Structural and Functional Neuroscience, University of Montana, Missoula, MT, 59812, USA
| | - Rasmus P Clausen
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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22
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Zhu Z, Yi F, Epplin MP, Liu D, Summer SL, Mizu R, Shaulsky G, XiangWei W, Tang W, Burger PB, Menaldino DS, Myers SJ, Liotta DC, Hansen KB, Yuan H, Traynelis SF. Negative allosteric modulation of GluN1/GluN3 NMDA receptors. Neuropharmacology 2020; 176:108117. [PMID: 32389749 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2020.108117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2019] [Revised: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
NMDA receptors are ligand-gated ion channels that mediate excitatory neurotransmission. Most native NMDA receptors are tetrameric assemblies of two glycine-binding GluN1 and two glutamate-binding GluN2 subunits. Co-assembly of the glycine-binding GluN1 with glycine-binding GluN3 subunits (GluN3A-B) creates glycine activated receptors that possess strikingly different functional and pharmacological properties compared to GluN1/GluN2 NMDA receptors. The role of GluN1/GluN3 receptors in neuronal function remains unknown, in part due to lack of pharmacological tools with which to explore their physiological roles. We have identified the negative allosteric modulator EU1180-438, which is selective for GluN1/GluN3 receptors over GluN1/GluN2 NMDA receptors, AMPA, and kainate receptors. EU1180-438 is also inactive at GABA, glycine, and P2X receptors, but displays inhibition of some nicotinic acetylcholine receptors. Furthermore, we demonstrate that EU1180-438 produces robust inhibition of glycine-activated current responses mediated by native GluN1/GluN3A receptors in hippocampal CA1 pyramidal neurons. EU1180-438 is a non-competitive antagonist with activity that is independent of membrane potential (i.e. voltage-independent), glycine concentration, and extracellular pH. Non-stationary fluctuation analysis of neuronal current responses provided an estimated weighted mean unitary conductance of 6.1 pS for GluN1/GluN3A channels, and showed that EU1180-438 has no effect on conductance. Site-directed mutagenesis suggests that structural determinants of EU1180-438 activity reside near a short pre-M1 helix that lies parallel to the plane of the membrane below the agonist binding domain. These findings demonstrate that structural differences between GluN3 and other glutamate receptor subunits can be exploited to generate subunit-selective ligands with utility in exploring the roles GluN3 in neuronal function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zongjian Zhu
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA; Department of Neonatology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 710061, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Feng Yi
- Center for Structural and Functional Neuroscience, Center for Biomolecular Structure and Dynamics, Division of Biological Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT, 59812, USA
| | - Matthew P Epplin
- Department of Chemistry, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Ding Liu
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | | | - Ruth Mizu
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Gil Shaulsky
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Wenshu XiangWei
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Weiting Tang
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Pieter B Burger
- Department of Chemistry, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | | | - Scott J Myers
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Dennis C Liotta
- Department of Chemistry, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Kasper B Hansen
- Center for Structural and Functional Neuroscience, Center for Biomolecular Structure and Dynamics, Division of Biological Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT, 59812, USA
| | - Hongjie Yuan
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Stephen F Traynelis
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA.
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23
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Kayser S, Hansen JC, Staudt M, Moroz A, Larsen Y, Temperini P, Yi F, Syrenne JT, Krogsgaard-Larsen N, Iliadis S, Nielsen B, Hansen KB, Pickering DS, Bunch L. Stereoselective Synthesis of New (2 S,3 R)-3-Carboxyphenyl)pyrrolidine-2-carboxylic Acid Analogues Utilizing a C(sp 3)-H Activation Strategy and Structure-Activity Relationship Studies at the Ionotropic Glutamate Receptors. ACS Chem Neurosci 2020; 11:674-701. [PMID: 32065744 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.0c00003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Competitive antagonists for ionotropic glutamate receptors (iGluRs) are highly valuable tool compounds for studying health and disease states in the central nervous system. However, only few subtype selective tool compounds are available and the discovery of antagonists with novel iGluR subtype selectivity profiles remains a profound challenge. In this paper, we report an elaborate structure-activity relationship (SAR) study of the parental scaffold 2,3-trans-3-carboxy-3-phenyl-proline by the synthesis of 40 new analogues. Three synthetic strategies were employed with two new strategies of which one being a highly efficient and fully enantioselective strategy based on C(sp3)-H activation methodology. The SAR study led to the conclusion that selectivity for the NMDA receptors was a general trend when adding substituents in the 5'-position. Selective NMDA receptor antagonists were obtained with high potency (IC50 values as low as 200 nM) and 3-34-fold preference for GluN1/GluN2A over GluN1/GluN2B-D NMDA receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silke Kayser
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 2100, Denmark
| | - Jacob C. Hansen
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 2100, Denmark
| | - Markus Staudt
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 2100, Denmark
| | - Aleksandra Moroz
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 2100, Denmark
| | - Younes Larsen
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 2100, Denmark
| | - Piero Temperini
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 2100, Denmark
| | - Feng Yi
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Center for Structural and Functional Neuroscience, and Center for Biomolecular Structure and Dynamics, University of Montana, Missoula, Montana 59812, United States
| | - Jed T. Syrenne
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Center for Structural and Functional Neuroscience, and Center for Biomolecular Structure and Dynamics, University of Montana, Missoula, Montana 59812, United States
| | - Niels Krogsgaard-Larsen
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 2100, Denmark
| | - Stylianos Iliadis
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 2100, Denmark
| | - Birgitte Nielsen
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 2100, Denmark
| | - Kasper B. Hansen
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Center for Structural and Functional Neuroscience, and Center for Biomolecular Structure and Dynamics, University of Montana, Missoula, Montana 59812, United States
| | - Darryl S. Pickering
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 2100, Denmark
| | - Lennart Bunch
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 2100, Denmark
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24
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Yi F, Rouzbeh N, Hansen KB, Xu Y, Fanger CM, Gordon E, Paschetto K, Menniti FS, Volkmann RA. PTC-174, a positive allosteric modulator of NMDA receptors containing GluN2C or GluN2D subunits. Neuropharmacology 2020; 173:107971. [PMID: 31987864 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2020.107971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2019] [Revised: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
NMDA receptors are ionotropic glutamate receptors that mediate excitatory neurotransmission. The diverse functions of these receptors are tuned by deploying different combinations of GluN1 and GluN2 subunits (GluN2A-D) to form either diheteromeric NMDA receptors, which contain two GluN1 and two identical GluN2 subunits, or triheteromeric NMDA receptors, which contain two GluN1 and two distinct GluN2 subunits. Here, we characterize PTC-174, a novel positive allosteric modulator (PAM) of receptors containing GluN2C or GluN2D subunits. PTC-174 potentiates maximal current amplitudes by 1.8-fold for diheteromeric GluN1/2B receptors and by > 10-fold for GluN1/2C and GluN1/2D receptors. PTC-174 also potentiates responses from triheteromeric GluN1/2B/2D and GluN1/2A/2C receptors by 4.5-fold and 1.7-fold, respectively. By contrast, PTC-174 produces partial inhibition of responses from diheteromeric GluN1/2A and triheteromeric GluN1/2A/2B receptors. PTC-174 increases potencies of co-agonists glutamate and glycine by 2- to 5-fold at GluN1/2C and GluN1/2D receptors, and NMDA receptor activation facilitates allosteric modulation by PTC-174. At native NMDA receptors in GluN2D-expressing subthalamic nucleus neurons, PTC-174 increases the amplitude of responses to NMDA application and slows the decay of excitatory postsynaptic currents (EPSCs) evoked by internal capsule stimulation. Furthermore, PTC-174 increases the amplitude and slows the decay of EPSCs in hippocampal interneurons, but has not effect on the amplitudes of NMDA receptor-mediated EPSCs in hippocampal CA1 pyramidal neurons. Thus, PTC-174 provides a useful new pharmacological tool to investigate the molecular pharmacology and physiology of GluN2C- and GluN2D-containing NMDA receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Yi
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Center for Biomolecular Structure and Dynamics, Center for Structural and Functional Neuroscience, University of Montana, Missoula, MT, 59812, USA
| | - Nirvan Rouzbeh
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Center for Biomolecular Structure and Dynamics, Center for Structural and Functional Neuroscience, University of Montana, Missoula, MT, 59812, USA
| | - Kasper B Hansen
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Center for Biomolecular Structure and Dynamics, Center for Structural and Functional Neuroscience, University of Montana, Missoula, MT, 59812, USA
| | - Yuelian Xu
- Chinglu Pharmaceutical Research LLC, Newington, CT, 06111, USA
| | | | - Earl Gordon
- Reaction Biology Corporation, Malvern, PA, 19355, USA
| | - Kathy Paschetto
- Jubilant Discovery Services, Inc. 365 Phoenixville Pike, Malvern, PA, 19355, USA
| | - Frank S Menniti
- The George & Anne Ryan Institute for Neuroscience, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, 02881, USA.
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25
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Wang JX, Irvine MW, Burnell ES, Sapkota K, Thatcher RJ, Li M, Simorowski N, Volianskis A, Collingridge GL, Monaghan DT, Jane DE, Furukawa H. Structural basis of subtype-selective competitive antagonism for GluN2C/2D-containing NMDA receptors. Nat Commun 2020; 11:423. [PMID: 31969570 PMCID: PMC6976569 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-14321-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2019] [Accepted: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
N-Methyl-D-aspartate receptors (NMDARs) play critical roles in the central nervous system. Their heterotetrameric composition generates subtypes with distinct functional properties and spatio-temporal distribution in the brain, raising the possibility for subtype-specific targeting by pharmacological means for treatment of neurological diseases. While specific compounds for GluN2A and GluN2B-containing NMDARs are well established, those that target GluN2C and GluN2D are currently underdeveloped with low potency and uncharacterized binding modes. Here, using electrophysiology and X-ray crystallography, we show that UBP791 ((2S*,3R*)-1-(7-(2-carboxyethyl)phenanthrene-2-carbonyl)piperazine-2,3-dicarboxylic acid) inhibits GluN2C/2D with 40-fold selectivity over GluN2A-containing receptors, and that a methionine and a lysine residue in the ligand binding pocket (GluN2D-Met763/Lys766, GluN2C-Met736/Lys739) are the critical molecular elements for the subtype-specific binding. These findings led to development of UBP1700 ((2S*,3R*)-1-(7-(2-carboxyvinyl)phenanthrene-2-carbonyl)piperazine-2,3-dicarboxylic acid) which shows over 50-fold GluN2C/2D-selectivity over GluN2A with potencies in the low nanomolar range. Our study shows that the L-glutamate binding site can be targeted for GluN2C/2D-specific inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jue Xiang Wang
- WM Keck Structural Biology Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY, 11724, USA
- Watson School of Biological Sciences, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY, 11724, USA
| | - Mark W Irvine
- Glutamate Research Group, School of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of Bristol, Biomedical Sciences Building, University Walk, Bristol, BS8 1TD, UK
| | - Erica S Burnell
- Glutamate Research Group, School of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of Bristol, Biomedical Sciences Building, University Walk, Bristol, BS8 1TD, UK
- School of Chemistry, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, H91TK33, Ireland
| | - Kiran Sapkota
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198-5800, USA
| | - Robert J Thatcher
- Glutamate Research Group, School of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of Bristol, Biomedical Sciences Building, University Walk, Bristol, BS8 1TD, UK
| | - Minjun Li
- WM Keck Structural Biology Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY, 11724, USA
| | - Noriko Simorowski
- WM Keck Structural Biology Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY, 11724, USA
| | - Arturas Volianskis
- Centre for Neuroscience and Trauma, Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Graham L Collingridge
- Glutamate Research Group, School of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of Bristol, Biomedical Sciences Building, University Walk, Bristol, BS8 1TD, UK
- Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Krembil Discovery Tower, 60 Leonard Avenue, Toronto, ON, M5T 0S8, Canada
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, 600 University Avenue, Toronto, ON, M5G 1X5, Canada
| | - Daniel T Monaghan
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198-5800, USA
| | - David E Jane
- Glutamate Research Group, School of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of Bristol, Biomedical Sciences Building, University Walk, Bristol, BS8 1TD, UK.
| | - Hiro Furukawa
- WM Keck Structural Biology Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY, 11724, USA.
- Watson School of Biological Sciences, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY, 11724, USA.
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26
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Johnson LR, Battle AR, Martinac B. Remembering Mechanosensitivity of NMDA Receptors. Front Cell Neurosci 2019; 13:533. [PMID: 31866826 PMCID: PMC6906178 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2019.00533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
An increase in post-synaptic Ca2+ conductance through activation of the ionotropic N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) and concomitant structural changes are essential for the initiation of long-term potentiation (LTP) and memory formation. Memories can be initiated by coincident events, as occurs in classical conditioning, where the NMDAR can act as a molecular coincidence detector. Binding of glutamate and glycine, together with depolarization of the postsynaptic cell membrane to remove the Mg2+ channel pore block, results in NMDAR opening for Ca2+ conductance. Accumulating evidence has implicated both force-from-lipids and protein tethering mechanisms for mechanosensory transduction in NMDAR, which has been demonstrated by both, membrane stretch and application of amphipathic molecules such as arachidonic acid (AA). The contribution of mechanosensitivity to memory formation and consolidation may be to increase activity of the NMDAR leading to facilitated memory formation. In this review we look back at the progress made toward understanding the physiological and pathological role of NMDA receptor channels in mechanobiology of the nervous system and consider these findings in like of their potential functional implications for memory formation. We examine recent studies identifying mechanisms of both NMDAR and other mechanosensitive channels and discuss functional implications including gain control of NMDA opening probability. Mechanobiology is a rapidly growing area of biology with many important implications for understanding form, function and pathology in the nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luke R Johnson
- Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia.,St. Vincent's Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia.,Division of Psychology, School of Medicine, University of Tasmania, Launceston, TAS, Australia.,Department of Psychiatry, Center for the Study of Traumatic Stress, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, United States.,School of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation (IHBI), Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Andrew R Battle
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation (IHBI), Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.,Prince Charles Hospital Northside Clinical Unit, School of Clinical Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.,Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, QLD, Australia
| | - Boris Martinac
- Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia.,St. Vincent's Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia
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27
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Sainas S, Temperini P, Farnsworth JC, Yi F, Møllerud S, Jensen AA, Nielsen B, Passoni A, Kastrup JS, Hansen KB, Boschi D, Pickering DS, Clausen RP, Lolli ML. Use of the 4-Hydroxytriazole Moiety as a Bioisosteric Tool in the Development of Ionotropic Glutamate Receptor Ligands. J Med Chem 2019; 62:4467-4482. [PMID: 30943028 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.8b01986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
We report a series of glutamate and aspartate analogues designed using the hydroxy-1,2,3-triazole moiety as a bioisostere for the distal carboxylic acid. Compound 6b showed unprecedented selectivity among ( S)-2-amino-3-(3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolyl)propionic acid (AMPA) receptor subtypes, confirmed also by an unusual binding mode observed for the crystal structures in complex with the AMPA receptor GluA2 agonist-binding domain. Here, a methionine (Met729) was highly disordered compared to previous agonist-bound structures. This observation provides a possible explanation for the pharmacological profile. In the structure with 7a, an unusual organization of water molecules around the bioisostere arises compared to previous structures of ligands with other bioisosteres. Aspartate analogue 8 with the hydroxy-1,2,3-triazole moiety directly attached to glycine was unexpectedly able to activate both the glutamate and glycine agonist-binding sites of the N-methyl-d-aspartic acid receptor. These observations demonstrate novel features that arise when employing a hydroxytriazole moiety as a bioisostere for the distal carboxylic acid in glutamate receptor agonists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Sainas
- Department of Drug Science and Technology , University of Turin , via P.Giuria 9 , 10125 Turin , Italy
| | - Piero Temperini
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology , University of Copenhagen , 2100 Copenhagen , Denmark
| | - Jill C Farnsworth
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Center for Structural and Functional Neuroscience, and Center for Biomolecular Structure and Dynamics , University of Montana , Missoula , Montana 59812 , United States
| | - Feng Yi
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Center for Structural and Functional Neuroscience, and Center for Biomolecular Structure and Dynamics , University of Montana , Missoula , Montana 59812 , United States
| | - Stine Møllerud
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology , University of Copenhagen , 2100 Copenhagen , Denmark
| | - Anders A Jensen
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology , University of Copenhagen , 2100 Copenhagen , Denmark
| | - Birgitte Nielsen
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology , University of Copenhagen , 2100 Copenhagen , Denmark
| | - Alice Passoni
- Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche "Mario Negri" IRCCS , via La Masa 19 , 20156 Milan , Italy
| | - Jette S Kastrup
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology , University of Copenhagen , 2100 Copenhagen , Denmark
| | - Kasper B Hansen
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Center for Structural and Functional Neuroscience, and Center for Biomolecular Structure and Dynamics , University of Montana , Missoula , Montana 59812 , United States
| | - Donatella Boschi
- Department of Drug Science and Technology , University of Turin , via P.Giuria 9 , 10125 Turin , Italy
| | - Darryl S Pickering
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology , University of Copenhagen , 2100 Copenhagen , Denmark
| | - Rasmus P Clausen
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology , University of Copenhagen , 2100 Copenhagen , Denmark
| | - Marco L Lolli
- Department of Drug Science and Technology , University of Turin , via P.Giuria 9 , 10125 Turin , Italy
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28
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Dissecting diverse functions of NMDA receptors by structural biology. Curr Opin Struct Biol 2019; 54:34-42. [PMID: 30703613 DOI: 10.1016/j.sbi.2018.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2018] [Revised: 12/09/2018] [Accepted: 12/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
N-Methyl-d-aspartate receptors (NMDARs) are glutamate-gated ion channels, which are critically involved in brain development, learning and memory, cognition, as well as a number of neurological diseases and disorders. Structural biology of NMDARs has been challenging due to technical difficulties associated with assembling a number of different membrane protein subunits. Here, we review historical X-ray crystallographic studies on isolated extracellular domains, which are still the most effective mean to delineate compound binding modes, as well as the most recent studies using electron cryo-microscopy (cryo-EM). A number of NMDAR structures accumulated over the past 15 years provide insights into the hetero-tetrameric assembly pattern, pharmacological specificities elicited by subtypes and alternative splicing, and potential patterns of conformational dynamics; however, many more important unanswered questions remain.
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29
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Regan MC, Zhu Z, Yuan H, Myers SJ, Menaldino DS, Tahirovic YA, Liotta DC, Traynelis SF, Furukawa H. Structural elements of a pH-sensitive inhibitor binding site in NMDA receptors. Nat Commun 2019; 10:321. [PMID: 30659174 PMCID: PMC6338780 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-08291-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2018] [Accepted: 12/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Context-dependent inhibition of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors has important therapeutic implications for the treatment of neurological diseases that are associated with altered neuronal firing and signaling. This is especially true in stroke, where the proton concentration in the afflicted area can increase by an order of magnitude. A class of allosteric inhibitors, the 93-series, shows greater potency against GluN1-GluN2B NMDA receptors in such low pH environments, allowing targeted therapy only within the ischemic region. Here we map the 93-series compound binding site in the GluN1-GluN2B NMDA receptor amino terminal domain and show that the interaction of the N-alkyl group with a hydrophobic cage of the binding site is critical for pH-dependent inhibition. Mutation of residues in the hydrophobic cage alters pH-dependent potency, and remarkably, can convert inhibitors into potentiators. Our study provides a foundation for the development of highly specific neuroprotective compounds for the treatment of neurological diseases. Context-dependent inhibition of NMDA receptors has important therapeutic implications for treatment of neurological diseases. Here, the authors use structural biology and biophysics to describe the basis for pH-dependent inhibition for a class of allosteric NMDAR inhibitors, called the 93-series.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael C Regan
- WM Keck Structural Biology Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY, 11724, USA
| | - Zongjian Zhu
- Department of Pharmacology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA.,Department of Neonatology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 710061, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Hongjie Yuan
- Department of Pharmacology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Scott J Myers
- Department of Pharmacology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Dave S Menaldino
- Department of Chemistry, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | | | - Dennis C Liotta
- Department of Chemistry, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Stephen F Traynelis
- Department of Pharmacology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Hiro Furukawa
- WM Keck Structural Biology Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY, 11724, USA.
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30
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Esmenjaud JB, Stroebel D, Chan K, Grand T, David M, Wollmuth LP, Taly A, Paoletti P. An inter-dimer allosteric switch controls NMDA receptor activity. EMBO J 2018; 38:embj.201899894. [PMID: 30396997 DOI: 10.15252/embj.201899894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2018] [Revised: 10/08/2018] [Accepted: 10/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
NMDA receptors (NMDARs) are glutamate-gated ion channels that are key mediators of excitatory neurotransmission and synaptic plasticity throughout the central nervous system. They form massive heterotetrameric complexes endowed with unique allosteric capacity provided by eight extracellular clamshell-like domains arranged as two superimposed layers. Despite an increasing number of full-length NMDAR structures, how these domains cooperate in an intact receptor to control its activity remains poorly understood. Here, combining single-molecule and macroscopic electrophysiological recordings, cysteine biochemistry, and in silico analysis, we identify a rolling motion at a yet unexplored interface between the two constitute dimers in the agonist-binding domain (ABD) layer as a key structural determinant in NMDAR activation and allosteric modulation. This rotation acts as a gating switch that tunes channel opening depending on the conformation of the membrane-distal N-terminal domain (NTD) layer. Remarkably, receptors locked in a rolled state display "super-activity" and resistance to NTD-mediated allosteric modulators. Our work unveils how NMDAR domains move in a concerted manner to transduce long-range conformational changes between layers and command receptor channel activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Baptiste Esmenjaud
- Institut de Biologie de l'Ecole Normale Supérieure (IBENS), Ecole Normale Supérieure, Université PSL, CNRS, INSERM, Paris, France
| | - David Stroebel
- Institut de Biologie de l'Ecole Normale Supérieure (IBENS), Ecole Normale Supérieure, Université PSL, CNRS, INSERM, Paris, France
| | - Kelvin Chan
- Graduate Program in Neuroscience & Medical Scientist Training Program (MSTP), Departments of Neurobiology and Behavior & Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Teddy Grand
- Institut de Biologie de l'Ecole Normale Supérieure (IBENS), Ecole Normale Supérieure, Université PSL, CNRS, INSERM, Paris, France
| | - Mélissa David
- Institut de Biologie de l'Ecole Normale Supérieure (IBENS), Ecole Normale Supérieure, Université PSL, CNRS, INSERM, Paris, France
| | - Lonnie P Wollmuth
- Graduate Program in Neuroscience & Medical Scientist Training Program (MSTP), Departments of Neurobiology and Behavior & Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Antoine Taly
- Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique (IBPC), Laboratoire de Biochimie Théorique, CNRS, Université Paris Diderot, Paris, France
| | - Pierre Paoletti
- Institut de Biologie de l'Ecole Normale Supérieure (IBENS), Ecole Normale Supérieure, Université PSL, CNRS, INSERM, Paris, France
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Gibb AJ, Ogden KK, McDaniel MJ, Vance KM, Kell SA, Butch C, Burger P, Liotta DC, Traynelis SF. A structurally derived model of subunit-dependent NMDA receptor function. J Physiol 2018; 596:4057-4089. [PMID: 29917241 PMCID: PMC6117563 DOI: 10.1113/jp276093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2018] [Accepted: 06/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Key points The kinetics of NMDA receptor (NMDAR) signalling are a critical aspect of the physiology of excitatory synaptic transmission in the brain. Here we develop a mechanistic description of NMDAR function based on the receptor tetrameric structure and the principle that each agonist‐bound subunit must undergo some rate‐limiting conformational change after agonist binding, prior to channel opening. By fitting this mechanism to single channel data using a new MATLAB‐based software implementation of maximum likelihood fitting with correction for limited time resolution, rate constants were derived for this mechanism that reflect distinct structural changes and predict the properties of macroscopic and synaptic NMDAR currents. The principles applied here to develop a mechanistic description of the heterotetrameric NMDAR, and the software used in this analysis, can be equally applied to other heterotetrameric glutamate receptors, providing a unifying mechanistic framework to understanding the physiology of glutamate receptor signalling in the brain.
Abstract NMDA receptors (NMDARs) are tetrameric complexes comprising two glycine‐binding GluN1 and two glutamate‐binding GluN2 subunits. Four GluN2 subunits encoded by different genes can produce up to 10 different di‐ and triheteromeric receptors. In addition, some neurological patients contain a de novo mutation or inherited rare variant in only one subunit. There is currently no mechanistic framework to describe tetrameric receptor function that can be extended to receptors with two different GluN1 or GluN2 subunits. Here we use the structural features of glutamate receptors to develop a mechanism describing both single channel and macroscopic NMDAR currents. We propose that each agonist‐bound subunit undergoes some rate‐limiting conformational change after agonist binding, prior to channel opening. We hypothesize that this conformational change occurs within a triad of interactions between a short helix preceding the M1 transmembrane helix, the highly conserved M3 motif encoded by the residues SYTANLAAF, and the linker preceding the M4 transmembrane helix of the adjacent subunit. Molecular dynamics simulations suggest that pre‐M1 helix motion is uncorrelated between subunits, which we interpret to suggest independent subunit‐specific conformational changes may influence these pre‐gating steps. According to this interpretation, these conformational changes are the main determinants of the key kinetic properties of NMDA receptor activation following agonist binding, and so these steps sculpt their physiological role. We show that this structurally derived tetrameric model describes both single channel and macroscopic data, giving a new approach to interpreting functional properties of synaptic NMDARs that provides a logical framework to understanding receptors with non‐identical subunits. The kinetics of NMDA receptor (NMDAR) signalling are a critical aspect of the physiology of excitatory synaptic transmission in the brain. Here we develop a mechanistic description of NMDAR function based on the receptor tetrameric structure and the principle that each agonist‐bound subunit must undergo some rate‐limiting conformational change after agonist binding, prior to channel opening. By fitting this mechanism to single channel data using a new MATLAB‐based software implementation of maximum likelihood fitting with correction for limited time resolution, rate constants were derived for this mechanism that reflect distinct structural changes and predict the properties of macroscopic and synaptic NMDAR currents. The principles applied here to develop a mechanistic description of the heterotetrameric NMDAR, and the software used in this analysis, can be equally applied to other heterotetrameric glutamate receptors, providing a unifying mechanistic framework to understanding the physiology of glutamate receptor signalling in the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alasdair J Gibb
- Department of Neuroscience, Physiology and Pharmacology, University College London, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Kevin K Ogden
- Department of Pharmacology, Emory University School of Medicine, Rollins Research Center, 1510 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Miranda J McDaniel
- Department of Pharmacology, Emory University School of Medicine, Rollins Research Center, 1510 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Katie M Vance
- Department of Pharmacology, Emory University School of Medicine, Rollins Research Center, 1510 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Steven A Kell
- Department of Chemistry, Emory University School, 1515 Dickey Drive, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Chris Butch
- Department of Chemistry, Emory University School, 1515 Dickey Drive, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Pieter Burger
- Department of Chemistry, Emory University School, 1515 Dickey Drive, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Dennis C Liotta
- Department of Chemistry, Emory University School, 1515 Dickey Drive, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Stephen F Traynelis
- Department of Pharmacology, Emory University School of Medicine, Rollins Research Center, 1510 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
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32
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Hansen KB, Yi F, Perszyk RE, Furukawa H, Wollmuth LP, Gibb AJ, Traynelis SF. Structure, function, and allosteric modulation of NMDA receptors. J Gen Physiol 2018; 150:1081-1105. [PMID: 30037851 PMCID: PMC6080888 DOI: 10.1085/jgp.201812032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 337] [Impact Index Per Article: 56.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2018] [Accepted: 07/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Hansen et al. review recent structural data that have provided insight into the function and allosteric modulation of NMDA receptors. NMDA-type glutamate receptors are ligand-gated ion channels that mediate a Ca2+-permeable component of excitatory neurotransmission in the central nervous system (CNS). They are expressed throughout the CNS and play key physiological roles in synaptic function, such as synaptic plasticity, learning, and memory. NMDA receptors are also implicated in the pathophysiology of several CNS disorders and more recently have been identified as a locus for disease-associated genomic variation. NMDA receptors exist as a diverse array of subtypes formed by variation in assembly of seven subunits (GluN1, GluN2A-D, and GluN3A-B) into tetrameric receptor complexes. These NMDA receptor subtypes show unique structural features that account for their distinct functional and pharmacological properties allowing precise tuning of their physiological roles. Here, we review the relationship between NMDA receptor structure and function with an emphasis on emerging atomic resolution structures, which begin to explain unique features of this receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kasper B Hansen
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Center for Biomolecular Structure and Dynamics, University of Montana, Missoula, MT
| | - Feng Yi
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Center for Biomolecular Structure and Dynamics, University of Montana, Missoula, MT
| | - Riley E Perszyk
- Department of Pharmacology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA
| | - Hiro Furukawa
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY
| | - Lonnie P Wollmuth
- Departments of Neurobiology & Behavior and Biochemistry & Cell Biology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY
| | - Alasdair J Gibb
- Department of Neuroscience, Physiology and Pharmacology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Stephen F Traynelis
- Department of Pharmacology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA
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33
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Bhattacharya S, Khatri A, Swanger SA, DiRaddo JO, Yi F, Hansen KB, Yuan H, Traynelis SF. Triheteromeric GluN1/GluN2A/GluN2C NMDARs with Unique Single-Channel Properties Are the Dominant Receptor Population in Cerebellar Granule Cells. Neuron 2018; 99:315-328.e5. [PMID: 30056832 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2018.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2018] [Revised: 05/04/2018] [Accepted: 06/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
NMDA-type glutamate receptors (NMDARs) are ligand-gated ion channels that mediate excitatory neurotransmission in the CNS. Here we describe functional and single-channel properties of triheteromeric GluN1/GluN2A/GluN2C receptors, which contain two GluN1, one GluN2A, and one GluN2C subunits. This NMDAR has three conductance levels and opens in bursts similar to GluN1/GluN2A receptors but with a single-channel open time and open probability reminiscent of GluN1/GluN2C receptors. The deactivation time course of GluN1/GluN2A/GluN2C receptors is intermediate to GluN1/GluN2A and GluN1/GluN2C receptors and is not dominated by GluN2A or GluN2C. We show that triheteromeric GluN1/GluN2A/GluN2C receptors are the predominant NMDARs in cerebellar granule cells and propose that co-expression of GluN2A and GluN2C in cerebellar granule cells occludes cell surface expression of diheteromeric GluN1/GluN2C receptors. This new insight into neuronal GluN1/GluN2A/GluN2C receptors highlights the complexity of NMDAR signaling in the CNS.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alpa Khatri
- Department of Pharmacology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Sharon A Swanger
- Department of Pharmacology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - John O DiRaddo
- Department of Pharmacology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Feng Yi
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT 59812, USA
| | - Kasper B Hansen
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT 59812, USA
| | - Hongjie Yuan
- Department of Pharmacology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Stephen F Traynelis
- Department of Pharmacology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.
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34
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Perszyk R, Katzman BM, Kusumoto H, Kell SA, Epplin MP, Tahirovic YA, Moore RL, Menaldino D, Burger P, Liotta DC, Traynelis SF. An NMDAR positive and negative allosteric modulator series share a binding site and are interconverted by methyl groups. eLife 2018; 7:34711. [PMID: 29792594 PMCID: PMC5967867 DOI: 10.7554/elife.34711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2017] [Accepted: 03/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
N-methyl-d-aspartate receptors (NMDARs) are an important receptor in the brain and have been implicated in multiple neurological disorders. Many non-selective NMDAR-targeting drugs are poorly tolerated, leading to efforts to target NMDAR subtypes to improve the therapeutic index. We describe here a series of negative allosteric NMDAR modulators with submaximal inhibition at saturating concentrations. Modest changes to the chemical structure interconvert negative and positive modulation. All modulators share the ability to enhance agonist potency and are use-dependent, requiring the binding of both agonists before modulators act with high potency. Data suggest that these modulators, including both enantiomers, bind to the same site on the receptor and share structural determinants of action. Due to the modulator properties, submaximal negative modulators in this series may spare NMDAR at the synapse, while augmenting the response of NMDAR in extrasynaptic spaces. These modulators could serve as useful tools to probe the role of extrasynaptic NMDARs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riley Perszyk
- Department of Pharmacology, Emory University, Atlanta, United States
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35
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Fry AE, Fawcett KA, Zelnik N, Yuan H, Thompson BAN, Shemer-Meiri L, Cushion TD, Mugalaasi H, Sims D, Stoodley N, Chung SK, Rees MI, Patel CV, Brueton LA, Layet V, Giuliano F, Kerr MP, Banne E, Meiner V, Lerman-Sagie T, Helbig KL, Kofman LH, Knight KM, Chen W, Kannan V, Hu C, Kusumoto H, Zhang J, Swanger SA, Shaulsky GH, Mirzaa GM, Muir AM, Mefford HC, Dobyns WB, Mackenzie AB, Mullins JGL, Lemke JR, Bahi-Buisson N, Traynelis SF, Iago HF, Pilz DT. De novo mutations in GRIN1 cause extensive bilateral polymicrogyria. Brain 2018; 141:698-712. [PMID: 29365063 PMCID: PMC5837214 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awx358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2017] [Revised: 10/17/2017] [Accepted: 11/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Polymicrogyria is a malformation of cortical development. The aetiology of polymicrogyria remains poorly understood. Using whole-exome sequencing we found de novo heterozygous missense GRIN1 mutations in 2 of 57 parent-offspring trios with polymicrogyria. We found nine further de novo missense GRIN1 mutations in additional cortical malformation patients. Shared features in the patients were extensive bilateral polymicrogyria associated with severe developmental delay, postnatal microcephaly, cortical visual impairment and intractable epilepsy. GRIN1 encodes GluN1, the essential subunit of the N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor. The polymicrogyria-associated GRIN1 mutations tended to cluster in the S2 region (part of the ligand-binding domain of GluN1) or the adjacent M3 helix. These regions are rarely mutated in the normal population or in GRIN1 patients without polymicrogyria. Using two-electrode and whole-cell voltage-clamp analysis, we showed that the polymicrogyria-associated GRIN1 mutations significantly alter the in vitro activity of the receptor. Three of the mutations increased agonist potency while one reduced proton inhibition of the receptor. These results are striking because previous GRIN1 mutations have generally caused loss of function, and because N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor agonists have been used for many years to generate animal models of polymicrogyria. Overall, our results expand the phenotypic spectrum associated with GRIN1 mutations and highlight the important role of N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor signalling in the pathogenesis of polymicrogyria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew E Fry
- Institute of Medical Genetics, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff CF14 4XW, UK
- Division of Cancer and Genetics, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK
| | - Katherine A Fawcett
- MRC Computational Genomics Analysis and Training Programme (CGAT), MRC Centre for Computational Biology, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, Headington, Oxford OX3 9DS, UK
| | - Nathanel Zelnik
- Pediatric Neurology Unit, Carmel Medical Center, Haifa, Israel
- Bruce and Ruth Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion, Haifa, Israel
| | - Hongjie Yuan
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
- Center for Functional Evaluation of Rare Variants (CFERV), Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Belinda A N Thompson
- Division of Cancer and Genetics, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY, UK
| | | | - Thomas D Cushion
- Division of Cancer and Genetics, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK
| | - Hood Mugalaasi
- Institute of Medical Genetics, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff CF14 4XW, UK
| | - David Sims
- MRC Computational Genomics Analysis and Training Programme (CGAT), MRC Centre for Computational Biology, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, Headington, Oxford OX3 9DS, UK
| | - Neil Stoodley
- Department of Neuroradiology, North Bristol NHS Trust, Frenchay Hospital, Bristol BS16 1LE, UK
| | - Seo-Kyung Chung
- Neurology and Molecular Neuroscience Research, Institute of Life Science, Swansea University Medical School, Swansea University, Swansea SA2 8PP, UK
| | - Mark I Rees
- Neurology and Molecular Neuroscience Research, Institute of Life Science, Swansea University Medical School, Swansea University, Swansea SA2 8PP, UK
| | - Chirag V Patel
- Genetic Health Queensland, Royal Brisbane and Women’s Hospital Campus, Herston, Brisbane, Queensland 4029, Australia
| | - Louise A Brueton
- West Midlands Regional Genetics Service, Clinical Genetics Unit, Birmingham Women’s Hospital, Birmingham B15 2TG, UK
| | - Valérie Layet
- Service de Génétique Médicale, Groupe Hospitalier du Havre, Hôpital Jacques Monod, Le Havre, France
| | - Fabienne Giuliano
- Service de Génétique Médicale, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nice, Nice, France
| | - Michael P Kerr
- MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Institute of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF24 4HQ, UK
- Learning Disabilities Directorate, Abertawe Bro Morgannwg University NHS Trust, Treseder Way, Caerau, Cardiff CF5 5WF, UK
| | - Ehud Banne
- Clinical Genetics Institute, Kaplan Medical Centre, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Vardiella Meiner
- Department of Genetics and Metabolic Diseases, Hadassah-Hebrew University Hospital, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Tally Lerman-Sagie
- Pediatric Neurology Unit, Wolfson Medical Centre, Holon, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Katherine L Helbig
- Division of Neurology, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Laura H Kofman
- Kaiser Permanente Mid-Atlantic States, McLean, VA 22102, USA
| | | | - Wenjuan Chen
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China
| | - Varun Kannan
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Chun Hu
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Hirofumi Kusumoto
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Jin Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
- Department of Neurology, the First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, China
| | - Sharon A Swanger
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Gil H Shaulsky
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Ghayda M Mirzaa
- Division of Genetic Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
- Center for Integrative Brain Research, Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Alison M Muir
- Division of Genetic Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Heather C Mefford
- Division of Genetic Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - William B Dobyns
- Division of Genetic Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
- Center for Integrative Brain Research, Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Amanda B Mackenzie
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY, UK
| | - Jonathan G L Mullins
- Genome and Structural Bioinformatics Group, Institute of Life Science, Swansea University, Singleton Park, Swansea SA2 8PP, UK
| | - Johannes R Lemke
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Medical Center Leipzig, Leipzig 04103, Germany
| | - Nadia Bahi-Buisson
- Imagine Institute, INSERM UMR-1163, Laboratory Genetics and Embryology of Congenital Malformations, Paris Descartes University, Paris, France
| | - Stephen F Traynelis
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
- Center for Functional Evaluation of Rare Variants (CFERV), Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Heledd F Iago
- Genome and Structural Bioinformatics Group, Institute of Life Science, Swansea University, Singleton Park, Swansea SA2 8PP, UK
| | - Daniela T Pilz
- Division of Cancer and Genetics, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK
- West of Scotland Clinical Genetics Service, Queen Elizabeth University Hospital, Glasgow G51 4TF, UK
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36
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Yi F, Zachariassen LG, Dorsett KN, Hansen KB. Properties of Triheteromeric N-Methyl-d-Aspartate Receptors Containing Two Distinct GluN1 Isoforms. Mol Pharmacol 2018; 93:453-467. [PMID: 29483146 DOI: 10.1124/mol.117.111427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2017] [Accepted: 02/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
N-Methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA)-type glutamate receptors mediate excitatory synaptic transmission in the central nervous system and play critical roles in many neuronal processes. The physiologic roles of NMDA receptors are shaped by their functional properties, which are highly dependent on subunit composition. Most NMDA receptors are assembled from two GluN1 and two GluN2 subunits, but diversity in subunit composition is made possible by eight GluN1 splice variants (i.e., isoforms) and four distinct GluN2 subunits (GluN2A-D). We demonstrate using Förster resonance energy transfer and fluorescence lifetime imaging that GluN1-1a and GluN1-1b isoforms, which include or lack residues encoded by exon 5, form triheteromeric GluN1-1a/GluN1-1b/GluN2A (1a/1b/2A) and GluN1-1a/GluN1-1b/GluN2B (1a/1b/2B) receptors. We describe the selective expression of NMDA receptors containing two different GluN1 isoforms, and show that triheteromeric 1a/1b/2A and 1a/1b/2B receptors exhibit intermediate deactivation kinetics and pharmacological properties compared with the respective diheteromeric GluN1-1a/GluN1-1a/GluN2 and GluN1-1b/GluN1-1b/GluN2 receptors. These results highlight the intriguing possibility that neurons can finely tune NMDA receptor signaling by shifting the ratio of expressed GluN1-1a and GluN1-1b isoforms. Furthermore, we evaluate the contribution of channel pore residues to magnesium block and calcium permeability. These data point to the asymmetric contribution of pore residues in GluN1 and GluN2 to magnesium block, and reveal that a single copy of pore residues from GluN3 subunits strongly attenuates magnesium block and calcium permeability of NMDA receptors. Thus, the selective expression of NMDA receptors containing two distinct GluN1 isoforms provides new opportunities to study functional properties relevant to neuronal receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Yi
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Center for Biomolecular Structure and Dynamics, Center for Structural and Functional Neuroscience, University of Montana, Missoula, Montana
| | - Linda G Zachariassen
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Center for Biomolecular Structure and Dynamics, Center for Structural and Functional Neuroscience, University of Montana, Missoula, Montana
| | - Katherine N Dorsett
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Center for Biomolecular Structure and Dynamics, Center for Structural and Functional Neuroscience, University of Montana, Missoula, Montana
| | - Kasper B Hansen
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Center for Biomolecular Structure and Dynamics, Center for Structural and Functional Neuroscience, University of Montana, Missoula, Montana
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37
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Yu Y, Lin Y, Takasaki Y, Wang C, Kimura H, Xing J, Ishizuka K, Toyama M, Kushima I, Mori D, Arioka Y, Uno Y, Shiino T, Nakamura Y, Okada T, Morikawa M, Ikeda M, Iwata N, Okahisa Y, Takaki M, Sakamoto S, Someya T, Egawa J, Usami M, Kodaira M, Yoshimi A, Oya-Ito T, Aleksic B, Ohno K, Ozaki N. Rare loss of function mutations in N-methyl-D-aspartate glutamate receptors and their contributions to schizophrenia susceptibility. Transl Psychiatry 2018; 8:12. [PMID: 29317596 PMCID: PMC5802496 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-017-0061-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2017] [Revised: 10/10/2017] [Accepted: 10/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
In schizophrenia (SCZ) and autism spectrum disorder (ASD), the dysregulation of glutamate transmission through N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors (NMDARs) has been implicated as a potential etiological mechanism. Previous studies have accumulated evidence supporting NMDAR-encoding genes' role in etiology of SCZ and ASD. We performed a screening study for exonic regions of GRIN1, GRIN2A, GRIN2C, GRIN2D, GRIN3A, and GRIN3B, which encode NMDAR subunits, in 562 participates (370 SCZ and 192 ASD). Forty rare variants were identified including 38 missense, 1 frameshift mutation in GRIN2C and 1 splice site mutation in GRIN2D. We conducted in silico analysis for all variants and detected seven missense variants with deleterious prediction. De novo analysis was conducted if pedigree samples were available. The splice site mutation in GRIN2D is predicted to result in intron retention by minigene assay. Furthermore, the frameshift mutation in GRIN2C and splice site mutation in GRIN2D were genotyped in an independent sample set comprising 1877 SCZ cases, 382 ASD cases, and 2040 controls. Both of them were revealed to be singleton. Our study gives evidence in support of the view that ultra-rare variants with loss of function (frameshift, nonsense or splice site) in NMDARs genes may contribute to possible risk of SCZ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanjie Yu
- Department of Psychiatry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yingni Lin
- Division of Neurogenetics, Center for Neurological Diseases and Cancer, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yuto Takasaki
- Department of Psychiatry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Chenyao Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Hiroki Kimura
- Department of Psychiatry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Jingrui Xing
- Department of Psychiatry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
- Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Kanako Ishizuka
- Department of Psychiatry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Miho Toyama
- Department of Psychiatry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Itaru Kushima
- Department of Psychiatry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
- Institute for Advanced Research, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Daisuke Mori
- Department of Psychiatry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
- Brain and Mind Research Center, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yuko Arioka
- Department of Psychiatry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
- Center for Advanced Medicine and Clinical Research, Nagoya University Hospital, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yota Uno
- Department of Psychiatry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
- Laboratory for Psychiatric and Molecular Neuroscience, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, 02478, USA
| | - Tomoko Shiino
- Department of Psychiatry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yukako Nakamura
- Department of Psychiatry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Takashi Okada
- Department of Psychiatry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Mako Morikawa
- Department of Psychiatry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Masashi Ikeda
- Department of Psychiatry, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Nakao Iwata
- Department of Psychiatry, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Yuko Okahisa
- Department of Neuropsychiatry Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Manabu Takaki
- Department of Neuropsychiatry Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Shinji Sakamoto
- Department of Neuropsychiatry Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Someya
- Department of Psychiatry, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Jun Egawa
- Department of Psychiatry, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Masahide Usami
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Kohnodai Hospital, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masaki Kodaira
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Kohnodai Hospital, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akira Yoshimi
- Division of Clinical Sciences and Neuropsychopharmacology, Faculty and Graduate School of Pharmacy, Meijo University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Tomoko Oya-Ito
- Department of Psychiatry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
- Department of Nutrition, Shubun University, Ichinomiya, Japan
| | - Branko Aleksic
- Department of Psychiatry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan.
| | - Kinji Ohno
- Division of Neurogenetics, Center for Neurological Diseases and Cancer, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Norio Ozaki
- Department of Psychiatry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
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38
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Hu J, Pang WS, Han J, Zhang K, Zhang JZ, Chen LD. Gualou Guizhi decoction reverses brain damage with cerebral ischemic stroke, multi-component directed multi-target to screen calcium-overload inhibitors using combination of molecular docking and protein-protein docking. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2017; 33:115-125. [PMID: 29185359 PMCID: PMC6009878 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2017.1396457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Stroke is a disease of the leading causes of mortality and disability across the world, but the benefits of drugs curative effects look less compelling, intracellular calcium overload is considered to be a key pathologic factor for ischemic stroke. Gualou Guizhi decoction (GLGZD), a classical Chinese medicine compound prescription, it has been used to human clinical therapy of sequela of cerebral ischemia stroke for 10 years. This work investigated the GLGZD improved prescription against intracellular calcium overload could decreased the concentration of [Ca2+]i in cortex and striatum neurone of MCAO rats. GLGZD contains Trichosanthin and various small molecular that they are the potential active ingredients directed against NR2A, NR2B, FKBP12 and Calnodulin target proteins/enzyme have been screened by computer simulation. "Multicomponent systems" is capable to create pharmacological superposition effects. The Chinese medicine compound prescriptions could be considered as promising sources of candidates for discovery new agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Hu
- a Fujian Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine , Fuzhou , PR China.,b School of Rehabilitation Medicine , Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine , Fuzhou , PR China
| | - Wen-Sheng Pang
- b School of Rehabilitation Medicine , Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine , Fuzhou , PR China.,c The Second People's Hospital of Fujian Province , Fuzhou , PR China
| | - Jing Han
- a Fujian Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine , Fuzhou , PR China
| | - Kuan Zhang
- c The Second People's Hospital of Fujian Province , Fuzhou , PR China
| | - Ji-Zhou Zhang
- a Fujian Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine , Fuzhou , PR China
| | - Li-Dian Chen
- a Fujian Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine , Fuzhou , PR China.,b School of Rehabilitation Medicine , Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine , Fuzhou , PR China
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39
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Gynther M, Proietti Silvestri I, Hansen JC, Hansen KB, Malm T, Ishchenko Y, Larsen Y, Han L, Kayser S, Auriola S, Petsalo A, Nielsen B, Pickering DS, Bunch L. Augmentation of Anticancer Drug Efficacy in Murine Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cells by a Peripherally Acting Competitive N-Methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) Receptor Antagonist. J Med Chem 2017; 60:9885-9904. [PMID: 29205034 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.7b01624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The most common solid tumors show intrinsic multidrug resistance (MDR) or inevitably acquire such when treated with anticancer drugs. In this work, we describe the discovery of a peripherally restricted, potent, competitive NMDA receptor antagonist 1l by a structure-activity study of the broad-acting ionotropic glutamate receptor antagonist 1a. Subsequently, we demonstrate that 1l augments the cytotoxic action of sorafenib in murine hepatocellular carcinoma cells. The underlying biological mechanism was shown to be interference with the lipid signaling pathway, leading to reduced expression of MDR transporters and thereby an increased accumulation of sorafenib in the cancer cells. Interference with lipid signaling pathways by NMDA receptor inhibition is a novel and promising strategy for reversing transporter-mediated chemoresistance in cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikko Gynther
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland , 70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Ilaria Proietti Silvestri
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen , Copenhagen 2100, Denmark
| | - Jacob C Hansen
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen , Copenhagen 2100, Denmark
| | - Kasper B Hansen
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Center for Biomolecular Structure and Dynamics, University of Montana , Missoula, Montana 59812, United States
| | - Tarja Malm
- Department of Neurobiology, A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland , 70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Yevheniia Ishchenko
- Department of Neurobiology, A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland , 70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Younes Larsen
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen , Copenhagen 2100, Denmark
| | - Liwei Han
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen , Copenhagen 2100, Denmark
| | - Silke Kayser
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen , Copenhagen 2100, Denmark
| | - Seppo Auriola
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland , 70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Aleksanteri Petsalo
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland , 70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Birgitte Nielsen
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen , Copenhagen 2100, Denmark
| | - Darryl S Pickering
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen , Copenhagen 2100, Denmark
| | - Lennart Bunch
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen , Copenhagen 2100, Denmark
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40
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Zheng W, Wen H, Iacobucci GJ, Popescu GK. Probing the Structural Dynamics of the NMDA Receptor Activation by Coarse-Grained Modeling. Biophys J 2017. [PMID: 28636915 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2017.04.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
N-Methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors are glutamate-gated excitatory channels that play essential roles in brain functions. High-resolution structures have been solved for an allosterically inhibited and agonist-bound form of a functional NMDA receptor; however, other key functional states (particularly the active open-channel state) were only resolved at moderate resolutions by cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM). To decrypt the mechanism of the NMDA receptor activation, structural modeling is essential to provide presently missing information about structural dynamics. We performed systematic coarse-grained modeling using an elastic network model and related modeling/analysis tools (e.g., normal mode analysis, flexibility and hotspot analysis, cryo-EM flexible fitting, and transition pathway modeling) based on an active-state cryo-EM map. We observed extensive conformational changes that allosterically couple the extracellular regulatory and agonist-binding domains to the pore-forming trans-membrane domain (TMD), and validated these, to our knowledge, new observations against known mutational and functional studies. Our results predict two key modes of collective motions featuring shearing/twisting of the extracellular domains relative to the TMD, reveal subunit-specific flexibility profiles, and identify functional hotspot residues at key domain-domain interfaces. Finally, by examining the conformational transition pathway between the allosterically inhibited form and the active form, we predict a discrete sequence of domain motions, which propagate from the extracellular domains to the TMD. In summary, our results offer rich structural and dynamic information, which is consistent with the literature on structure-function relationships in NMDA receptors, and will guide in-depth studies on the activation dynamics of this important neurotransmitter receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjun Zheng
- Department of Physics, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York.
| | - Han Wen
- Department of Physics, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York
| | - Gary J Iacobucci
- Department of Biochemistry, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York
| | - Gabriela K Popescu
- Department of Biochemistry, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York
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41
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Maolanon AR, Risgaard R, Wang SY, Snoep Y, Papangelis A, Yi F, Holley D, Barslund AF, Svenstrup N, Hansen KB, Clausen RP. Subtype-Specific Agonists for NMDA Receptor Glycine Binding Sites. ACS Chem Neurosci 2017; 8:1681-1687. [PMID: 28514141 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.7b00117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
A series of analogues based on serine as lead structure were designed, and their agonist activities were evaluated at recombinant NMDA receptor subtypes (GluN1/2A-D) using two-electrode voltage-clamp (TEVC) electrophysiology. Pronounced variation in subunit-selectivity, potency, and agonist efficacy was observed in a manner that was dependent on the GluN2 subunit in the NMDA receptor. In particular, compounds 15a and 16a are potent GluN2C-specific superagonists at the GluN1 subunit with agonist efficacies of 398% and 308% compared to glycine. This study demonstrates that subunit-selectivity among glycine site NMDA receptor agonists can be achieved and suggests that glycine-site agonists can be developed as pharmacological tool compounds to study GluN2C-specific effects in NMDA receptor-mediated neurotransmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex R. Maolanon
- Department
of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Rune Risgaard
- Department
of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Shuang-Yan Wang
- Department
of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Yoran Snoep
- Department
of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Athanasios Papangelis
- Department
of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Feng Yi
- Department
of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Center for Biomolecular
Structure and Dynamics, University of Montana, Missoula, Montana 59812, United States
| | - David Holley
- Department
of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Center for Biomolecular
Structure and Dynamics, University of Montana, Missoula, Montana 59812, United States
| | - Anne F. Barslund
- Department
of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
- Neuroscience Drug Discovery, H. Lundbeck
A/S, Ottiliavej 9, 2500 Valby, Denmark
| | - Niels Svenstrup
- Neuroscience Drug Discovery, H. Lundbeck
A/S, Ottiliavej 9, 2500 Valby, Denmark
| | - Kasper B. Hansen
- Department
of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Center for Biomolecular
Structure and Dynamics, University of Montana, Missoula, Montana 59812, United States
| | - Rasmus P. Clausen
- Department
of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
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42
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Structural basis of subunit selectivity for competitive NMDA receptor antagonists with preference for GluN2A over GluN2B subunits. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2017; 114:E6942-E6951. [PMID: 28760974 PMCID: PMC5565460 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1707752114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
NMDA-type glutamate receptors are ligand-gated ion channels that contribute to excitatory neurotransmission in the central nervous system (CNS). Most NMDA receptors comprise two glycine-binding GluN1 and two glutamate-binding GluN2 subunits (GluN2A-D). We describe highly potent (S)-5-[(R)-2-amino-2-carboxyethyl]-4,5-dihydro-1H-pyrazole-3-carboxylic acid (ACEPC) competitive GluN2 antagonists, of which ST3 has a binding affinity of 52 nM at GluN1/2A and 782 nM at GluN1/2B receptors. This 15-fold preference of ST3 for GluN1/2A over GluN1/2B is improved compared with NVP-AAM077, a widely used GluN2A-selective antagonist, which we show has 11-fold preference for GluN1/2A over GluN1/2B. Crystal structures of the GluN1/2A agonist binding domain (ABD) heterodimer with bound ACEPC antagonists reveal a binding mode in which the ligands occupy a cavity that extends toward the subunit interface between GluN1 and GluN2A ABDs. Mutational analyses show that the GluN2A preference of ST3 is primarily mediated by four nonconserved residues that are not directly contacting the ligand, but positioned within 12 Å of the glutamate binding site. Two of these residues influence the cavity occupied by ST3 in a manner that results in favorable binding to GluN2A, but occludes binding to GluN2B. Thus, we reveal opportunities for the design of subunit-selective competitive NMDA receptor antagonists by identifying a cavity for ligand binding in which variations exist between GluN2A and GluN2B subunits. This structural insight suggests that subunit selectivity of glutamate-site antagonists can be mediated by mechanisms in addition to direct contributions of contact residues to binding affinity.
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43
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Sun W, Hansen KB, Jahr CE. Allosteric Interactions between NMDA Receptor Subunits Shape the Developmental Shift in Channel Properties. Neuron 2017; 94:58-64.e3. [PMID: 28384476 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2017.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2017] [Revised: 03/03/2017] [Accepted: 03/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
During development of the central nervous system, there is a shift in the subunit composition of NMDA receptors (NMDARs) resulting in a dramatic acceleration of NMDAR-mediated synaptic currents. This shift coincides with upregulation of the GluN2A subunit and triheteromeric GluN1/2A/2B receptors with fast deactivation kinetics, whereas expression of diheteromeric GluN1/2B receptors with slower deactivation kinetics is decreased. Here, we show that allosteric interactions occur between the glutamate-binding GluN2 subunits in triheteromeric GluN1/2A/2B NMDARs. This allosterism is dominated by the GluN2A subunit and results in functional properties not predicted by those of diheteromeric GluN1/2A and GluN1/2B NMDARs. These findings suggest that GluN1/2A/2B NMDARs may maintain some signaling properties of the GluN2B subunit while having the kinetic properties of GluN1/2A NMDARs and highlight the complexity in NMDAR signaling created by diversity in subunit composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weinan Sun
- Vollum Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Rd., Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Kasper B Hansen
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Montana, 32 Campus Dr., Missoula, MT 59812, USA
| | - Craig E Jahr
- Vollum Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Rd., Portland, OR 97239, USA.
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44
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Platzer K, Yuan H, Schütz H, Winschel A, Chen W, Hu C, Kusumoto H, Heyne HO, Helbig KL, Tang S, Willing MC, Tinkle BT, Adams DJ, Depienne C, Keren B, Mignot C, Frengen E, Strømme P, Biskup S, Döcker D, Strom TM, Mefford HC, Myers CT, Muir AM, LaCroix A, Sadleir L, Scheffer IE, Brilstra E, van Haelst MM, van der Smagt JJ, Bok LA, Møller RS, Jensen UB, Millichap JJ, Berg AT, Goldberg EM, De Bie I, Fox S, Major P, Jones JR, Zackai EH, Jamra RA, Rolfs A, Leventer RJ, Lawson JA, Roscioli T, Jansen FE, Ranza E, Korff CM, Lehesjoki AE, Courage C, Linnankivi T, Smith DR, Stanley C, Mintz M, McKnight D, Decker A, Tan WH, Tarnopolsky MA, Brady LI, Wolff M, Dondit L, Pedro HF, Parisotto SE, Jones KL, Patel AD, Franz DN, Vanzo R, Marco E, Ranells JD, Di Donato N, Dobyns WB, Laube B, Traynelis SF, Lemke JR. GRIN2B encephalopathy: novel findings on phenotype, variant clustering, functional consequences and treatment aspects. J Med Genet 2017; 54:460-470. [PMID: 28377535 PMCID: PMC5656050 DOI: 10.1136/jmedgenet-2016-104509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 159] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2016] [Revised: 02/14/2017] [Accepted: 02/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We aimed for a comprehensive delineation of genetic, functional and phenotypic aspects of GRIN2B encephalopathy and explored potential prospects of personalised medicine. METHODS Data of 48 individuals with de novo GRIN2B variants were collected from several diagnostic and research cohorts, as well as from 43 patients from the literature. Functional consequences and response to memantine treatment were investigated in vitro and eventually translated into patient care. RESULTS Overall, de novo variants in 86 patients were classified as pathogenic/likely pathogenic. Patients presented with neurodevelopmental disorders and a spectrum of hypotonia, movement disorder, cortical visual impairment, cerebral volume loss and epilepsy. Six patients presented with a consistent malformation of cortical development (MCD) intermediate between tubulinopathies and polymicrogyria. Missense variants cluster in transmembrane segments and ligand-binding sites. Functional consequences of variants were diverse, revealing various potential gain-of-function and loss-of-function mechanisms and a retained sensitivity to the use-dependent blocker memantine. However, an objectifiable beneficial treatment response in the respective patients still remains to be demonstrated. CONCLUSIONS In addition to previously known features of intellectual disability, epilepsy and autism, we found evidence that GRIN2B encephalopathy is also frequently associated with movement disorder, cortical visual impairment and MCD revealing novel phenotypic consequences of channelopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konrad Platzer
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Leipzig Hospitals and Clinics, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Hongjie Yuan
- Department of Pharmacology, Emory University School of Medicine, Rollins Research Center, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
- Center for Functional Evaluation of Rare Variants (CFERV), Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Hannah Schütz
- Department of Neurophysiology and Neurosensory Systems, Technical University Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Hessen, Germany
| | - Alexander Winschel
- Department of Neurophysiology and Neurosensory Systems, Technical University Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Hessen, Germany
| | - Wenjuan Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, Emory University School of Medicine, Rollins Research Center, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Chun Hu
- Department of Pharmacology, Emory University School of Medicine, Rollins Research Center, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Hirofumi Kusumoto
- Department of Pharmacology, Emory University School of Medicine, Rollins Research Center, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Henrike O Heyne
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Leipzig Hospitals and Clinics, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Katherine L Helbig
- Division of Clinical Genomics, Ambry Genetics, Aliso Viejo, California, USA
| | - Sha Tang
- Division of Clinical Genomics, Ambry Genetics, Aliso Viejo, California, USA
| | - Marcia C Willing
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Brad T Tinkle
- Advocate Children’s Hospital, Park Ridge, Illinois, USA
| | - Darius J Adams
- Genetics and Metabolism, Goryeb Children’s Hospital, Atlantic Health System, Morristown, New Jersey, USA
| | - Christel Depienne
- INSERM, U 1127, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université Paris 06, CNRS, UMR 7225, Institut du cerveau et de la moelle épinière (ICM), Paris, France
- Département de Génétique, Centre de Référence des Déficiences Intellectuelles de Causes Rares, GRC UPMC “Déficiences Intellectuelles et Autisme”, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
- UMR 7104/INSERM U964/Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
- Laboratoire de cytogénétique, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Boris Keren
- INSERM, U 1127, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université Paris 06, CNRS, UMR 7225, Institut du cerveau et de la moelle épinière (ICM), Paris, France
- Département de Génétique, Centre de Référence des Déficiences Intellectuelles de Causes Rares, GRC UPMC “Déficiences Intellectuelles et Autisme”, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Cyril Mignot
- Département de Génétique, Centre de Référence des Déficiences Intellectuelles de Causes Rares, GRC UPMC “Déficiences Intellectuelles et Autisme”, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Eirik Frengen
- Department of Medical Genetics, Oslo University Hospitals and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Petter Strømme
- Department of Pediatrics, Oslo University Hospitals and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Saskia Biskup
- Practice for Human Genetics and CeGaT GmbH, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Dennis Döcker
- Practice for Human Genetics and CeGaT GmbH, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Tim M Strom
- Institute of Human Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Heather C Mefford
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Genetic Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Candace T Myers
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Genetic Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Alison M Muir
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Genetic Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Amy LaCroix
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Genetic Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Lynette Sadleir
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Otago, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Ingrid E Scheffer
- Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Austin Health and Royal Children’s Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Eva Brilstra
- Department of Genetics, Utrecht University Medical Center, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Mieke M van Haelst
- Department of Genetics, Utrecht University Medical Center, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | | | - Levinus A Bok
- Department of Paediatrics, Màxima Medical Centre, Veldhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Rikke S Møller
- The Danish Epilepsy Centre Filadelfia, Dianalund, Denmark
- Institute for Regional Health Services, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Uffe B Jensen
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - John J Millichap
- Departments of Pediatrics, Epilepsy Center and Division of Neurology Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children’s Hospital of Chicago, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Anne T Berg
- Departments of Pediatrics, Epilepsy Center and Division of Neurology Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children’s Hospital of Chicago, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Ethan M Goldberg
- Division of Neurology, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Neurology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Isabelle De Bie
- Department of Medical Genetics, Montreal Children’s Hospital, McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Canada
| | - Stephanie Fox
- Department of Medical Genetics, Montreal Children’s Hospital, McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Canada
| | - Philippe Major
- Department of Neurological Sciences, Université de Montréal, CHU Ste-Justine, Montreal, Canada
| | - Julie R Jones
- Greenwood Genetic Center, Greenwood, South Carolina, USA
| | - Elaine H Zackai
- Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Rami Abou Jamra
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Leipzig Hospitals and Clinics, Leipzig, Germany
- Centogene AG, Rostock, Germany
| | | | - Richard J Leventer
- Department of Neurology, Royal Children’s Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Murdoch Childrens Research Institute and Department of Pediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - John A Lawson
- Department of Neurology, Sydney Children’s Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | | | - Floor E Jansen
- Department of Child Neurology, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Emmanuelle Ranza
- Service of Genetic Medicine, University Hospitals of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Christian M Korff
- Department of Child and Adolescent, Neurology Unit, University Hospitals of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Anna-Elina Lehesjoki
- The Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Research Programs Unit, Molecular Neurology and Neuroscience Center, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Carolina Courage
- The Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Research Programs Unit, Molecular Neurology and Neuroscience Center, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tarja Linnankivi
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Children’s Hospital, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | | | - Mark Mintz
- The Center for Neurological and Neurodevelopmental Health and the Clinical Research Center of New Jersey, Voorhees, New Jersey, USA
| | | | | | - Wen-Hann Tan
- Division of Genetics and Genomics, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Mark A Tarnopolsky
- Department of Pediatrics, McMaster University Children’s Hospital, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Lauren I Brady
- Department of Pediatrics, McMaster University Children’s Hospital, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Markus Wolff
- Department of Pediatric Neurology and Developmental Medicine, University Children’s Hospital, Tubingen, Germany
| | - Lutz Dondit
- Department of Pediatric Neurology and Center for Developmental Medicine, Olgahospital Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Helio F Pedro
- Hackensack University Medical Center, Hackensack, New Jersey, USA
| | | | - Kelly L Jones
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Medical Genetics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, USA
| | - Anup D Patel
- Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, USA
- The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - David N Franz
- Department of Neurology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Rena Vanzo
- Lineagen, Inc., Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Elysa Marco
- Department of Neurology, University of San Francisco School of Medicine, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Judith D Ranells
- Department of Pediatrics, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Nataliya Di Donato
- Institute for Clinical Genetics, Carl Gustav Carus Faculty of Medicine, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - William B Dobyns
- Center for Integrative Brain Research, Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Bodo Laube
- Department of Neurophysiology and Neurosensory Systems, Technical University Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Hessen, Germany
| | - Stephen F Traynelis
- Department of Pharmacology, Emory University School of Medicine, Rollins Research Center, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
- Center for Functional Evaluation of Rare Variants (CFERV), Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Johannes R Lemke
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Leipzig Hospitals and Clinics, Leipzig, Germany
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45
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Dai J, Zhou HX. Semiclosed Conformations of the Ligand-Binding Domains of NMDA Receptors during Stationary Gating. Biophys J 2017; 111:1418-1428. [PMID: 27705765 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2016.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2016] [Revised: 08/02/2016] [Accepted: 08/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
NMDA receptors are tetrameric ligand-gated ion channels. In the continuous presence of saturating agonists, NMDA receptors undergo stationary gating, in which the channel stochastically switches between an open state that permits ion conductance and a closed state that prevents permeation. The ligand-binding domains (LBDs) of the four subunits are expected to have closed clefts in the channel-open state. On the other hand, there is little knowledge about the conformational status of the LBDs in the channel-closed state during stationary gating. To probe the latter conformational status, Kussius and Popescu engineered interlobe disulfide cross-links in NMDA receptors and found that the cross-linking produced stationary gating kinetics that differed only subtly from that produced by agonist binding. These authors assumed that the cross-linking immobilized the LBDs in cleft-closed conformations, and consequently concluded that throughout stationary gating, agonist-bound LBDs also stayed predominantly in cleft-closed conformations and made only infrequent excursions to cleft-open conformations. Here, by calculating the conformational free energies of cross-linked and agonist-bound LBDs, we assess whether cross-linking actually traps the LBDs in cleft-closed conformations and delineate semiclosed conformations of agonist-bound LBDs that may potentially be thermodynamically and kinetically important during stationary gating. Our free-energy results show that the cross-linked LBDs are not locked in the fully closed form; rather, they sample semiclosed conformations almost as readily as the agonist-bound LBDs. Several lines of reasoning suggest that LBDs are semiclosed in the channel-closed state during stationary gating. Our free-energy simulations suggest possible structural details of such semiclosed LBD conformations, including intra- and intermolecular interactions that serve as alternatives to those in the cleft-closed conformations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Dai
- Department of Physics, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida; Institute of Molecular Biophysics, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida
| | - Huan-Xiang Zhou
- Department of Physics, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida; Institute of Molecular Biophysics, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida.
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Jessen M, Frederiksen K, Yi F, Clausen RP, Hansen KB, Bräuner-Osborne H, Kilburn P, Damholt A. Identification of AICP as a GluN2C-Selective N-Methyl-d-Aspartate Receptor Superagonist at the GluN1 Glycine Site. Mol Pharmacol 2017; 92:151-161. [PMID: 28588066 DOI: 10.1124/mol.117.108944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2017] [Accepted: 06/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA)-type ionotropic glutamate receptors mediate excitatory neurotransmission in the central nervous system and are critically involved in brain function. NMDA receptors are also implicated in psychiatric and neurological disorders and have received considerable attention as therapeutic targets. In this regard, administration of d-cycloserine (DCS), which is a glycine site NMDA receptor agonist, can enhance extinction of conditioned fear responses. The intriguing behavioral effects of DCS have been linked to its unique pharmacological profile among NMDA receptor subtypes (GluN1/2A-D), in which DCS is a superagonist at GluN2C-containing receptors compared with glycine and a partial agonist at GluN2B-containing receptors. Here, we identify (R)-2-amino-3-(4-(2-ethylphenyl)-1H-indole-2-carboxamido)propanoic acid (AICP) as a glycine site agonist with unique GluN2-dependent differences in agonist efficacy at recombinant NMDA receptor subtypes. AICP is a full agonist at GluN1/2A (100% response compared with glycine), a partial agonist at GluN1/2B and GluN1/2D (10% and 27%, respectively), and a highly efficacious superagonist at GluN1/2C receptors (353%). Furthermore, AICP potencies are enhanced compared with DCS with EC50 values in the low nanomolar range (1.7 nM at GluN1/2C). We show that GluN1/2C superagonism of AICP and DCS is mediated by overlapping but distinct mechanisms and that AICP selectively enhances responses from recombinant GluN1/2C receptors in the presence of physiological glycine concentrations. This functional selectivity of AICP for GluN2C-containing NMDA receptors is more pronounced compared with DCS, suggesting that AICP can be a useful tool compound for uncovering the roles of GluN2C subunits in neuronal circuit function and in the development of new therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maja Jessen
- Department of Molecular Screening, H. Lundbeck A/S, Valby, Denmark (M.J., K.F., A.D.); Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark (M.J., R.P.C., H.B.-O.); Department of Medicinal Chemistry 1, H. Lundbeck A/S, Valby, Denmark (P.K.); Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, Montana (F.Y., K.B.H.)
| | - Kristen Frederiksen
- Department of Molecular Screening, H. Lundbeck A/S, Valby, Denmark (M.J., K.F., A.D.); Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark (M.J., R.P.C., H.B.-O.); Department of Medicinal Chemistry 1, H. Lundbeck A/S, Valby, Denmark (P.K.); Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, Montana (F.Y., K.B.H.)
| | - Feng Yi
- Department of Molecular Screening, H. Lundbeck A/S, Valby, Denmark (M.J., K.F., A.D.); Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark (M.J., R.P.C., H.B.-O.); Department of Medicinal Chemistry 1, H. Lundbeck A/S, Valby, Denmark (P.K.); Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, Montana (F.Y., K.B.H.)
| | - Rasmus P Clausen
- Department of Molecular Screening, H. Lundbeck A/S, Valby, Denmark (M.J., K.F., A.D.); Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark (M.J., R.P.C., H.B.-O.); Department of Medicinal Chemistry 1, H. Lundbeck A/S, Valby, Denmark (P.K.); Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, Montana (F.Y., K.B.H.)
| | - Kasper B Hansen
- Department of Molecular Screening, H. Lundbeck A/S, Valby, Denmark (M.J., K.F., A.D.); Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark (M.J., R.P.C., H.B.-O.); Department of Medicinal Chemistry 1, H. Lundbeck A/S, Valby, Denmark (P.K.); Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, Montana (F.Y., K.B.H.)
| | - Hans Bräuner-Osborne
- Department of Molecular Screening, H. Lundbeck A/S, Valby, Denmark (M.J., K.F., A.D.); Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark (M.J., R.P.C., H.B.-O.); Department of Medicinal Chemistry 1, H. Lundbeck A/S, Valby, Denmark (P.K.); Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, Montana (F.Y., K.B.H.)
| | - Paul Kilburn
- Department of Molecular Screening, H. Lundbeck A/S, Valby, Denmark (M.J., K.F., A.D.); Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark (M.J., R.P.C., H.B.-O.); Department of Medicinal Chemistry 1, H. Lundbeck A/S, Valby, Denmark (P.K.); Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, Montana (F.Y., K.B.H.)
| | - Anders Damholt
- Department of Molecular Screening, H. Lundbeck A/S, Valby, Denmark (M.J., K.F., A.D.); Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark (M.J., R.P.C., H.B.-O.); Department of Medicinal Chemistry 1, H. Lundbeck A/S, Valby, Denmark (P.K.); Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, Montana (F.Y., K.B.H.)
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Zhou HX. Gating Motions and Stationary Gating Properties of Ionotropic Glutamate Receptors: Computation Meets Electrophysiology. Acc Chem Res 2017; 50:814-822. [PMID: 28186717 PMCID: PMC5398286 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.6b00598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Ionotropic glutamate receptors (iGluRs) are tetrameric ligand-gated ion channels essential to all aspects of brain function, including higher order processes such as learning and memory. For decades, electrophysiology was the primary means for characterizing the function of iGluRs and gaining mechanistic insight. Since the turn of the century, structures of isolated water-soluble domains and transmembrane-domain-containing constructs have provided the basis for formulating mechanistic hypotheses. Because these structures only represent sparse, often incomplete snapshots during iGluR activation, significant gaps in knowledge remain regarding structures, energetics, and dynamics of key substates along the functional processes. Some of these gaps have recently been filled by molecular dynamics simulations and theoretical modeling. In this Account, I describe our work in the latter arena toward characterizing iGluR gating motions and developing a formalism for calculating thermodynamic and kinetic properties of stationary gating. The structures of iGluR subunits have a highly modular architecture, in which the ligand-binding domain and the transmembrane domain are well separated and connected by flexible linkers. The ligand-binding domain in turn is composed of two subdomains. During activation, agonist binding induces the closure of the intersubdomain cleft. The cleft closure leads to the outward pulling of a linker tethered to the extracellular terminus of the major pore-lining helix of the transmembrane domain, thereby opening the channel. This activation model based on molecular dynamics simulations was validated by residue-specific information from electrophysiological data on cysteine mutants. A further critical test was made through introducing glycine insertions in the linker. Molecular dynamics simulations showed that, with lengthening by glycine insertions, the linker became less effective in pulling the pore-lining helix, leading to weaker stabilization of the channel-open state. In full agreement, single-channel recordings showed that the channel open probability decreased progressively as the linker was lengthened by glycine insertions. Crystal structures of ligand-binding domains showing different degrees of cleft closure between full and partial agonists suggested a simple mechanism for one subtype of iGluRs, but mysteries surrounded a second subtype, where the ligand-binding domains open to similar degrees when bound with either full or partial agonists. Our free energy simulations now suggest that broadening of the free energy basin for cleft closure is a plausible solution. A theoretical basis for these mechanistic hypotheses on partial agonisms was provided by a model for the free energy surface of a full receptor, where the stabilization by cleft closure is transmitted via the linker to the channel-open state. This model can be implemented by molecular dynamics simulations to predict thermodynamic and kinetics properties of stationary gating that are amenable to direct test by single-channel recordings. Close integration between computation and electrophysiology holds great promises in revealing the conformations of key substates in functional processes and the mechanisms of disease-associated mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan-Xiang Zhou
- Department of Physics and
Institute of Molecular Biophysics, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306, United States
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A Rare Variant Identified Within the GluN2B C-Terminus in a Patient with Autism Affects NMDA Receptor Surface Expression and Spine Density. J Neurosci 2017; 37:4093-4102. [PMID: 28283559 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.0827-16.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2016] [Revised: 02/01/2017] [Accepted: 02/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
NMDA receptors (NMDARs) are ionotropic glutamate receptors that are crucial for neuronal development and higher cognitive processes. NMDAR dysfunction is involved in a variety of neurological and psychiatric diseases; however, the mechanistic link between the human pathology and NMDAR dysfunction is poorly understood. Rare missense variants within NMDAR subunits have been identified in numerous patients with mental or neurological disorders. We specifically focused on the GluN2B NMDAR subunit, which is highly expressed in the hippocampus and cortex throughout development. We analyzed several variants located in the GluN2B C terminus and found that three variants in patients with autism (S1415L) or schizophrenia (L1424F and S1452F) (S1413L, L1422F, and S1450F in rodents, respectively) displayed impaired binding to membrane-associated guanylate kinase (MAGUK) proteins. In addition, we observed a deficit in surface expression for GluN2B S1413L. Furthermore, there were fewer dendritic spines in GluN2B S1413L-expressing neurons. Importantly, synaptic NMDAR currents in neurons transfected with GluN2B S1413L in GluN2A/B-deficient mouse brain slices revealed only partial rescue of synaptic current amplitude. Functional properties of GluN2B S1413L in recombinant systems revealed no change in receptor properties, consistent with synaptic defects being the result of reduced trafficking and targeting of GluN2B S1413L to the synapse. Therefore, we find that GluN2B S1413L displays deficits in NMDAR trafficking, synaptic currents, and spine density, raising the possibility that this mutation may contribute to the phenotype in this autism patient. More broadly, our research demonstrates that the targeted study of certain residues in NMDARs based on rare variants identified in patients is a powerful approach to studying receptor function.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT We have used a "bedside-to-bench" approach to investigate the functional regulation of NMDA receptors (NMDARs). Using information from deep sequencing of patients with neurological or psychiatric disorders, we investigated missense variants identified in the intracellular C-terminal domain of the GluN2B NMDAR subunit. We found several variants that displayed altered properties. In particular, one variant identified in a patient with autism, human GluN2B S1415L, displayed reduced surface expression and binding to PSD-95. Furthermore expression of GluN2B S1415L (S1413L in mouse) showed a deficit in rescue of synaptic NMDAR currents and fewer dendritic spines, consistent with other reports of spine abnormalities being associated with autism. More broadly, we demonstrate that using patient data is an effective approach to probing the structure/function relationship of NMDARs.
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Chen W, Shieh C, Swanger SA, Tankovic A, Au M, McGuire M, Tagliati M, Graham JM, Madan-Khetarpal S, Traynelis SF, Yuan H, Pierson TM. GRIN1 mutation associated with intellectual disability alters NMDA receptor trafficking and function. J Hum Genet 2017; 62:589-597. [PMID: 28228639 DOI: 10.1038/jhg.2017.19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2016] [Revised: 12/21/2016] [Accepted: 01/09/2017] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
N-methyl-d-aspartate receptors (NMDARs) play important roles in brain development and neurological disease. We report two individuals with similar dominant de novo GRIN1 mutations (c.1858 G>A and c.1858 G>C; both p.G620R). Both individuals presented at birth with developmental delay and hypotonia associated with behavioral abnormalities and stereotypical movements. Recombinant NMDARs containing the mutant GluN1-G620R together with either GluN2A or GluN2B were evaluated for changes in their trafficking to the plasma membrane and their electrophysiological properties. GluN1-G620R/GluN2A complexes showed a mild reduction in trafficking, a ~2-fold decrease in glutamate and glycine potency, a strong decrease in sensitivity to Mg2+ block, and a significant reduction of current responses to a maximal effective concentration of agonists. GluN1-G620R/GluN2B complexes showed significantly reduced delivery of protein to the cell surface associated with similarly altered electrophysiology. These results indicate these individuals may have suffered neurodevelopmental deficits as a result of the decreased presence of GluN1-G620R/GluN2B complexes on the neuronal surface during embryonic brain development and reduced current responses of GluN1-G620R-containing NMDARs after birth. These cases emphasize the importance of comprehensive functional characterization of de novo mutations and illustrates how a combination of several distinct features of NMDAR expression, trafficking and function can be present and influence phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjuan Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA.,Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Christine Shieh
- David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Sharon A Swanger
- Department of Pharmacology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Anel Tankovic
- Department of Pharmacology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Margaret Au
- Department of Pediatrics, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Marianne McGuire
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Michele Tagliati
- Department of Neurology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - John M Graham
- Department of Pediatrics, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | - Stephen F Traynelis
- Department of Pharmacology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA.,Center for Functional Evaluation of Rare Variants, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Hongjie Yuan
- Department of Pharmacology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA.,Center for Functional Evaluation of Rare Variants, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Tyler Mark Pierson
- Department of Pediatrics, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Department of Neurology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Board of Governors Regenerative Medicine Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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50
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Gao K, Tankovic A, Zhang Y, Kusumoto H, Zhang J, Chen W, XiangWei W, Shaulsky GH, Hu C, Traynelis SF, Yuan H, Jiang Y. A de novo loss-of-function GRIN2A mutation associated with childhood focal epilepsy and acquired epileptic aphasia. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0170818. [PMID: 28182669 PMCID: PMC5300259 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0170818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2016] [Accepted: 01/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors (NMDAR) subunit GRIN2A/GluN2A mutations have been identified in patients with various neurological diseases, such as epilepsy and intellectual disability / developmental delay (ID/DD). In this study, we investigated the phenotype and underlying molecular mechanism of a GRIN2A missense mutation identified by next generation sequencing on idiopathic focal epilepsy using in vitro electrophysiology. METHODS Genomic DNA of patients with epilepsy and ID/DD were sequenced by targeted next-generation sequencing within 300 genes related to epilepsy and ID/DD. The effects of one missense GRIN2A mutation on NMDAR function were evaluated by two-electrode voltage clamp current recordings and whole cell voltage clamp current recordings. RESULTS We identified one de novo missense GRIN2A mutation (Asp731Asn, GluN2A(D731N)) in a child with unexplained epilepsy and DD. The D731N mutation is located in a portion of the agonist-binding domain (ABD) in the GluN2A subunit, which is the binding pocket for agonist glutamate. This residue in the ABD is conserved among vertebrate species and all other NMDAR subunits, suggesting an important role in receptor function. The proband shows developmental delay as well as EEG-confirmed seizure activity. Functional analyses reveal that the GluN2A(D731N) mutation decreases glutamate potency by over 3,000-fold, reduces amplitude of current response, shortens synaptic-like response time course, and decreases channel open probability, while enhancing sensitivity to negative allosteric modulators, including extracellular proton and zinc inhibition. The combined effects reduce NMDAR function. SIGNIFICANCE We identified a de novo missense mutation in the GRIN2A gene in a patient with childhood focal epilepsy and acquired epileptic aphasia. The mutant decreases NMDAR activation suggesting NMDAR hypofunction may contribute to the epilepsy pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Gao
- Department of Pediatrics and Pediatric Epilepsy Center, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Anel Tankovic
- Department of Pharmacology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States of America
| | - Yujia Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics and Pediatric Epilepsy Center, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Hirofumi Kusumoto
- Department of Pharmacology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States of America
| | - Jin Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States of America
| | - Wenjuan Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States of America
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Wenshu XiangWei
- Department of Pediatrics and Pediatric Epilepsy Center, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Gil H. Shaulsky
- Department of Pharmacology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States of America
| | - Chun Hu
- Department of Pharmacology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States of America
| | - Stephen F. Traynelis
- Department of Pharmacology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States of America
- Center for Functional Evaluation of Rare Variant (CFERV), Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States of America
| | - Hongjie Yuan
- Department of Pharmacology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States of America
- Center for Functional Evaluation of Rare Variant (CFERV), Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States of America
| | - Yuwu Jiang
- Department of Pediatrics and Pediatric Epilepsy Center, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
- Center of Epilepsy, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China
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