1
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Lee KH, Shi L. Unraveling Activation-Related Rearrangements and Intrinsic Divergence from Ligand-Specific Conformational Changes of the Dopamine D3 and D2 Receptors. J Chem Inf Model 2024; 64:1778-1793. [PMID: 38454785 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jcim.3c01956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
Effective rational drug discovery hinges on understanding the functional states of the target protein and distinguishing it from homologues. However, for the G protein coupled receptors, both activation-related conformational changes (ACCs) and intrinsic divergence among receptors can be misled or obscured by ligand-specific conformational changes (LCCs). Here, we unraveled ACCs and intrinsic divergence from LCCs of the dopamine D3 and D2 receptors (D3R and D2R), by analyzing their experimentally determined structures and the molecular dynamics (MD) simulation results of the receptors bound with various ligands. In addition to the ACCs common to other aminergic receptors, we revealed unique ACCs for these two receptors, including the extracellular portion of TM5 (TM5e) and TM6e shifting away from TM2e and TM3e, with a subtle rotation of TM5e. In identifying intrinsic divergence, we found more outward tilting of TM6e in the D2R compared to the D3R in both the experimental structures and simulations bound with ligands in different scaffolds. However, this difference was drastically reduced in the simulations bound with nonselective agonist quinpirole, suggesting a misleading effect of LCCs. Further, in the quinpirole-bound simulations, TM1 showed a greater disparity between these receptors, indicating that LCCs may also obscure intrinsic divergence. Importantly, our MD simulations revealed divergence in the dynamics of these receptors. Specifically, the D2R exhibited heightened flexibility compared to the D3R in the extracellular loops and TMs 5e, 6e, and 7e, associated with its greater ligand binding site plasticity. Our results lay the groundwork for crafting ligands specifically targeting the D2R and D3R with more precise pharmacological profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuo Hao Lee
- Computational Chemistry and Molecular Biophysics Section, National Institute on Drug Abuse - Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, United States
| | - Lei Shi
- Computational Chemistry and Molecular Biophysics Section, National Institute on Drug Abuse - Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, United States
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2
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Arroyo-Urea S, Nazarova AL, Carrión-Antolí Á, Bonifazi A, Battiti FO, Lam JH, Newman AH, Katritch V, García-Nafría J. Structure of the dopamine D3 receptor bound to a bitopic agonist reveals a new specificity site in an expanded allosteric pocket. RESEARCH SQUARE 2023:rs.3.rs-3433207. [PMID: 38196573 PMCID: PMC10775388 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-3433207/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2024]
Abstract
Although aminergic GPCRs are the target for ~25% of approved drugs, developing subtype selective drugs is a major challenge due to the high sequence conservation at their orthosteric binding site. Bitopic ligands are covalently joined orthosteric and allosteric pharmacophores with the potential to boost receptor selectivity, driven by the binding of the secondary pharmacophore to non-conserved regions of the receptor. Although bitopic ligands have great potential to improve current medications by reducing off-target side effects, the lack of structural information on their binding mode impedes rational design. Here we determine the cryo-EM structure of the hD3R coupled to a GO heterotrimer and bound to the D3R selective bitopic agonist FOB02-04A. Structural, functional and computational analyses provide new insights into its binding mode and point to a new TM2-ECL1-TM1 region, which requires the N-terminal ordering of TM1, as a major determinant of subtype selectivity in aminergic GPCRs. This region is underexploited in drug development, expands the established secondary binding pocket in aminergic GPCRs and could potentially be used to design novel and subtype selective drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Arroyo-Urea
- Institute for Biocomputation and Physics of Complex Systems (BIFI) and Laboratorio de Microscopías Avanzadas (LMA), University of Zaragoza, 50018, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Antonina L. Nazarova
- Department of Quantitative and Computational Biology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089
- Center for New Technologies in Drug Discovery and Development, Bridge Institute, Michelson Center for Convergent Biosciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Ángela Carrión-Antolí
- Institute for Biocomputation and Physics of Complex Systems (BIFI) and Laboratorio de Microscopías Avanzadas (LMA), University of Zaragoza, 50018, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Alessandro Bonifazi
- Medicinal Chemistry Section, Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse – Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, United States
| | - Francisco O. Battiti
- Medicinal Chemistry Section, Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse – Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, United States
| | - Jordy Homing Lam
- Department of Quantitative and Computational Biology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089
- Center for New Technologies in Drug Discovery and Development, Bridge Institute, Michelson Center for Convergent Biosciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Amy Hauck Newman
- Medicinal Chemistry Section, Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse – Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, United States
| | - Vsevolod Katritch
- Department of Quantitative and Computational Biology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089
- Center for New Technologies in Drug Discovery and Development, Bridge Institute, Michelson Center for Convergent Biosciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Javier García-Nafría
- Institute for Biocomputation and Physics of Complex Systems (BIFI) and Laboratorio de Microscopías Avanzadas (LMA), University of Zaragoza, 50018, Zaragoza, Spain
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3
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Tian GL, Hsieh CJ, Taylor M, Lee JY, Riad AA, Luedtke RR, Mach RH. Synthesis of bitopic ligands based on fallypride and evaluation of their affinity and selectivity towards dopamine D 2 and D 3 receptors. Eur J Med Chem 2023; 261:115751. [PMID: 37688938 PMCID: PMC10841072 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2023.115751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/11/2023]
Abstract
The difference in the secondary binding site (SBS) between the dopamine 2 receptor (D2R) and dopamine 3 receptor (D3R) has been used in the design of compounds displaying selectivity for the D3R versus D2R. In the current study, a series of bitopic ligands based on Fallypride were prepared with various secondary binding fragments (SBFs) as a means of improving the selectivity of this benzamide analog for D3R versus D2R. We observed that compounds having a small alkyl group with a heteroatom led to an improvement in D3R versus D2R selectivity. Increasing the steric bulk in the SBF increase the distance between the pyrrolidine N and Asp110, thereby reducing D3R affinity. The best-in-series compound was (2S,4R)-trans-27 which had a modest selectivity for D3R versus D2R and a high potency in the β-arrestin competition assay which provides a measure of the ability of the compound to compete with endogenous dopamine for binding to the D3R. The results of this study identified factors one should consider when designing bitopic ligands based on Fallypride displaying an improved affinity for D3R versus D2R.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gui-Long Tian
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Clinical Molecular Imaging, Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Chia-Ju Hsieh
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Clinical Molecular Imaging, Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Michelle Taylor
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of North Texas Health Science Center-Fort Worth, Texas, TX, 76107, USA
| | - Ji Youn Lee
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Clinical Molecular Imaging, Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Aladdin A Riad
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Clinical Molecular Imaging, Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Robert R Luedtke
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of North Texas Health Science Center-Fort Worth, Texas, TX, 76107, USA
| | - Robert H Mach
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Clinical Molecular Imaging, Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
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4
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Lee KH, Shi L. Unraveling activation-related rearrangements and intrinsic divergence from ligand-induced conformational changes of the dopamine D3 and D2 receptors. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.11.11.566699. [PMID: 38014309 PMCID: PMC10680602 DOI: 10.1101/2023.11.11.566699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
Effective rational drug discovery targeting a specific protein hinges on understanding their functional states and distinguishing it from homologs. However, for the G protein coupled receptors, both the activation-related conformational changes (ACCs) and the intrinsic divergence among receptors can be misled or obscured by ligand-induced conformational changes (LCCs). Here, we unraveled ACCs and intrinsic divergence from LCCs of the dopamine D3 and D2 receptors (D3R and D2R), by analyzing their experimentally determined structures and the molecular dynamics simulation results of the receptors bound with different ligands. In addition to the ACCs common to other aminergic receptors, we revealed unique ACCs for these two receptors including TM5e and TM6e shifting away from TM2e and TM3e, with a subtle rotation of TM5e. In identifying intrinsic divergence, we found pronounced outward tilting of TM6e in the D2R compared to the D3R in both experimental structures and simulations with ligands in different scaffolds. This tilting was drastically reduced in the simulations of the receptors bound with nonselective full agonist quinpirole, suggesting a misleading impact of LCCs. Further, in the quinpirole-bound simulations, TM1 showed a greater disparity between these receptors, indicating that LCCs may obscure intrinsic divergence. In addition, our analysis showed that the impact of the nonconserved TM1 propagated to conserved Trp7.40 and Glu2.65, both are ligand binding residues. We also found that the D2R exhibited heightened flexibility compared to the D3R in the extracellular portions of TMs 5, 6, and 7, potentially associated with its greater ligand binding site plasticity. Our results lay the groundwork for crafting ligands specifically targeting D2R or D3R with more precise pharmacological profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuo Hao Lee
- Computational Chemistry and Molecular Biophysics Section, National Institute on Drug Abuse – Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Lei Shi
- Computational Chemistry and Molecular Biophysics Section, National Institute on Drug Abuse – Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
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5
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Hetzler B, Donthamsetti P, Peitsinis Z, Stanley C, Trauner D, Isacoff EY. Optical Control of Dopamine D2-like Receptors with Cell-Specific Fast-Relaxing Photoswitches. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:18778-18788. [PMID: 37586061 PMCID: PMC10472511 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c02735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Abstract
Dopamine D2-like receptors (D2R, D3R, and D4R) control diverse physiological and behavioral functions and are important targets for the treatment of a variety of neuropsychiatric disorders. Their complex distribution and activation kinetics in the brain make it difficult to target specific receptor populations with sufficient precision. We describe a new toolkit of light-activatable, fast-relaxing, covalently taggable chemical photoswitches that fully activate, partially activate, or block D2-like receptors. This technology combines the spatiotemporal precision of a photoswitchable ligand (P) with cell type and spatial specificity of a genetically encoded membrane anchoring protein (M) to which the P tethers. These tools set the stage for targeting endogenous D2-like receptor signaling with molecular, cellular, and spatiotemporal precision using only one wavelength of light.
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Affiliation(s)
- Belinda
E. Hetzler
- Department
of Chemistry, New York University, New York, New York 10003, United States
| | - Prashant Donthamsetti
- Molecular
and Cell Biology, University of California,
Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Zisis Peitsinis
- Department
of Chemistry, New York University, New York, New York 10003, United States
| | - Cherise Stanley
- Molecular
and Cell Biology, University of California,
Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Dirk Trauner
- Department
of Chemistry, New York University, New York, New York 10003, United States
- Department
of Chemistry and Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational
Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Ehud Y. Isacoff
- Molecular
and Cell Biology, University of California,
Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Helen
Wills Neuroscience Institute, University
of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Weill Neurohub, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Molecular
Biophysics & Integrated Bioimaging Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
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6
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Lee KH, Manning JJ, Javitch J, Shi L. A Novel "Activation Switch" Motif Common to All Aminergic Receptors. J Chem Inf Model 2023; 63:5001-5017. [PMID: 37540602 PMCID: PMC10695015 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jcim.3c00732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/06/2023]
Abstract
Aminergic receptors are G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) that transduce signals from small endogenous biogenic amines to regulate intracellular signaling pathways. Agonist binding in the ligand binding pocket on the extracellular side opens and prepares a cavity on the intracellular face of the receptors to interact with and activate G proteins and β-arrestins. Here, by reviewing and analyzing all available aminergic receptor structures, we seek to identify activation-related conformational changes that are independent of the specific scaffold of the bound agonist, which we define as "activation conformational changes" (ACCs). While some common intracellular ACCs have been well-documented, identifying common extracellular ACCs, including those in the ligand binding pocket, is complicated by local adjustments to different ligand scaffolds. Our analysis shows no common ACCs at the extracellular ends of the transmembrane helices. Furthermore, the restricted access to the ligand binding pocket identified previously in some receptors is not universal. Notably, the Trp6.48 toggle switch and the Pro5.50-Ile3.40-Phe6.44 (PIF) motif at the bottom of the ligand binding pocket have previously been proposed to mediate the conformational consequences of ligand binding to the intracellular side of the receptors. Our analysis shows that common ACCs in the ligand binding pocket are associated with the PIF motif and nearby residues, including Trp6.48, but fails to support a shared rotamer toggle associated with activation. However, we identify two common rearrangements between the extracellular and middle subsegments, and propose a novel "activation switch" motif common to all aminergic receptors. This motif includes the middle subsegments of transmembrane helices 3, 5, and 6 and integrates both the PIF motif and Trp6.48.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuo Hao Lee
- Computational Chemistry and Molecular Biophysics Section, Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse – Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Jamie J. Manning
- Division of Molecular Therapeutics, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY 10032, USA
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Jonathan Javitch
- Division of Molecular Therapeutics, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY 10032, USA
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Lei Shi
- Computational Chemistry and Molecular Biophysics Section, Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse – Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
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7
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Kovalenko AA, Porozov YB, Skorb EV, Shityakov S. Using novel click chemistry algorithm to design D3R inhibitors as blood-brain barrier permeants. Future Med Chem 2023; 15:923-935. [PMID: 37466055 DOI: 10.4155/fmc-2022-0310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Dopamine receptor D3 (D3R) has gained attention as a promising therapeutic target for neurological disorders. In this study, an innovative in silico click reaction strategy was employed to identify potential D3R binders. The ligand template, 1-phenyl-4-[4-(1H-1,2,3-triazol-5-yl)butyl]piperazine, with substitution at the 1,2,3-triazole ring, served as the starting point. Generated compounds underwent filtration based on their brain-to-blood concentration ratio (logBB), leading to the identification of 1-{4-[1-(decahydronaphthalen-1-yl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-5-yl]butyl}-4-phenylpiperazine as the most promising candidate, displaying superior D3R affinity and blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability compared to the reference ligand, eticlopride. Molecular dynamics simulations further supported these findings. This study presents a novel hit for designing D3R ligands and establishes a workflow utilizing in silico click chemistry to screen compounds with BBB permeability. The proposed click reaction-based algorithm holds significant potential as a valuable tool in the development of effective antipsychotic compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander A Kovalenko
- Infochemistry Scientific Center, ITMO University, Lomonosova Street 9, Saint Petersburg, 191002, Russian Federation
| | - Yuri B Porozov
- Center of Bioinformatics and Chemoinformatics, IM Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Bol'shaya Pirogovskaya Street 2, Moscow, 119991, Russian Federation
- HSE University, Kantemirovskaya Street 3A, Saint Petersburg, 194100, Russian Federation
| | - Ekaterina V Skorb
- Infochemistry Scientific Center, ITMO University, Lomonosova Street 9, Saint Petersburg, 191002, Russian Federation
| | - Sergey Shityakov
- Infochemistry Scientific Center, ITMO University, Lomonosova Street 9, Saint Petersburg, 191002, Russian Federation
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8
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Zell L, Bretl A, Temml V, Schuster D. Dopamine Receptor Ligand Selectivity-An In Silico/In Vitro Insight. Biomedicines 2023; 11:1468. [PMID: 37239139 PMCID: PMC10216180 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11051468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Revised: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Different dopamine receptor (DR) subtypes are involved in pathophysiological conditions such as Parkinson's Disease (PD), schizophrenia and depression. While many DR-targeting drugs have been approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA), only a very small number are truly selective for one of the DR subtypes. Additionally, most of them show promiscuous activity at related G-protein coupled receptors, thus suffering from diverse side-effect profiles. Multiple studies have shown that combined in silico/in vitro approaches are a valuable contribution to drug discovery processes. They can also be applied to divulge the mechanisms behind ligand selectivity. In this study, novel DR ligands were investigated in vitro to assess binding affinities at different DR subtypes. Thus, nine D2R/D3R-selective ligands (micro- to nanomolar binding affinities, D3R-selective profile) were successfully identified. The most promising ligand exerted nanomolar D3R activity (Ki = 2.3 nM) with 263.7-fold D2R/D3R selectivity. Subsequently, ligand selectivity was rationalized in silico based on ligand interaction with a secondary binding pocket, supporting the selectivity data determined in vitro. The developed workflow and identified ligands could aid in the further understanding of the structural motifs responsible for DR subtype selectivity, thus benefitting drug development in D2R/D3R-associated pathologies such as PD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Daniela Schuster
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, Paracelsus Medical University, 5020 Salzburg, Austria; (L.Z.); (A.B.); (V.T.)
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9
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Gogarnoiu ES, Vogt CD, Sanchez J, Bonifazi A, Saab E, Shaik AB, Soler-Cedeño O, Bi GH, Klein B, Xi ZX, Lane JR, Newman AH. Dopamine D 3/D 2 Receptor Ligands Based on Cariprazine for the Treatment of Psychostimulant Use Disorders That May Be Dual Diagnosed with Affective Disorders. J Med Chem 2023; 66:1809-1834. [PMID: 36661568 PMCID: PMC11100975 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.2c01624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Highly selective dopamine D3 receptor (D3R) partial agonists/antagonists have been developed for the treatment of psychostimulant use disorders (PSUD). However, none have reached the clinic due to insufficient potency/efficacy or potential cardiotoxicity. Cariprazine, an FDA-approved drug for the treatment of schizophrenia and bipolar disorder, is a high-affinity D3R partial agonist (Ki = 0.22 nM) with 3.6-fold selectivity over the homologous dopamine D2 receptor (D2R). We hypothesized that compounds that are moderately D3R/D2R-selective partial agonists/antagonists may be effective for the treatment of PSUD. By systematically modifying the parent molecule, we discovered partial agonists/antagonists, as measured in bioluminescence resonance energy transfer (BRET)-based assays, with high D3R affinities (Ki = 0.14-50 nM) and moderate selectivity (<100-fold) over D2R. Cariprazine and two lead analogues, 13a and 13e, decreased cocaine self-administration (FR2; 1-10 mg/kg, i.p.) in rats, suggesting that partial agonists/antagonists with modest D3R/D2R selectivity may be effective in treating PSUD and potentially comorbidities with other affective disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma S. Gogarnoiu
- Medicinal Chemistry Section, Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse – Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, United States
| | - Caleb D. Vogt
- Medicinal Chemistry Section, Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse – Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, United States
| | - Julie Sanchez
- Division of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, School of Life Sciences, Queen’s Medical Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, United Kingdom
- Centre of Membrane Protein and Receptors, Universities of Birmingham and Nottingham, Midlands NG2 7AG, United Kingdom
| | - Alessandro Bonifazi
- Medicinal Chemistry Section, Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse – Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, United States
| | - Elizabeth Saab
- Medicinal Chemistry Section, Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse – Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, United States
| | - Anver Basha Shaik
- Medicinal Chemistry Section, Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse – Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, United States
| | - Omar Soler-Cedeño
- Medicinal Chemistry Section, Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse – Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, United States
| | - Guo-Hua Bi
- Medicinal Chemistry Section, Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse – Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, United States
| | - Benjamin Klein
- Medicinal Chemistry Section, Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse – Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, United States
| | - Zheng-Xiong Xi
- Medicinal Chemistry Section, Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse – Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, United States
| | - J. Robert Lane
- Division of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, School of Life Sciences, Queen’s Medical Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, United Kingdom
- Centre of Membrane Protein and Receptors, Universities of Birmingham and Nottingham, Midlands NG2 7AG, United Kingdom
| | - Amy Hauck Newman
- Medicinal Chemistry Section, Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse – Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, United States
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10
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Free RB, Nilson AN, Boldizsar NM, Doyle TB, Rodriguiz RM, Pogorelov VM, Machino M, Lee KH, Bertz JW, Xu J, Lim HD, Dulcey AE, Mach RH, Woods JH, Lane JR, Shi L, Marugan JJ, Wetsel WC, Sibley DR. Identification and Characterization of ML321: A Novel and Highly Selective D 2 Dopamine Receptor Antagonist with Efficacy in Animal Models That Predict Atypical Antipsychotic Activity. ACS Pharmacol Transl Sci 2023; 6:151-170. [PMID: 36654757 PMCID: PMC9841785 DOI: 10.1021/acsptsci.2c00202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
We have developed and characterized a novel D2R antagonist with exceptional GPCR selectivity - ML321. In functional profiling screens of 168 different GPCRs, ML321 showed little activity beyond potent inhibition of the D2R and to a lesser extent the D3R, demonstrating excellent receptor selectivity. The D2R selectivity of ML321 may be related to the fact that, unlike other monoaminergic ligands, ML321 lacks a positively charged amine group and adopts a unique binding pose within the orthosteric binding site of the D2R. PET imaging studies in non-human primates demonstrated that ML321 penetrates the CNS and occupies the D2R in a dose-dependent manner. Behavioral paradigms in rats demonstrate that ML321 can selectively antagonize a D2R-mediated response (hypothermia) while not affecting a D3R-mediated response (yawning) using the same dose of drug, thus indicating exceptional in vivo selectivity. We also investigated the effects of ML321 in animal models that are predictive of antipsychotic efficacy in humans. We found that ML321 attenuates both amphetamine- and phencyclidine-induced locomotor activity and restored pre-pulse inhibition (PPI) of acoustic startle in a dose-dependent manner. Surprisingly, using doses that were maximally effective in both the locomotor and PPI studies, ML321 was relatively ineffective in promoting catalepsy. Kinetic studies revealed that ML321 exhibits slow-on and fast-off receptor binding rates, similar to those observed with atypical antipsychotics with reduced extrapyramidal side effects. Taken together, these observations suggest that ML321, or a derivative thereof, may exhibit ″atypical″ antipsychotic activity in humans with significantly fewer side effects than observed with the currently FDA-approved D2R antagonists.
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Affiliation(s)
- R. Benjamin Free
- Molecular
Neuropharmacology Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders
and Stroke, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, 35 Convent Drive, MSC-3723, Bethesda, Maryland20892, United States
| | - Ashley N. Nilson
- Molecular
Neuropharmacology Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders
and Stroke, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, 35 Convent Drive, MSC-3723, Bethesda, Maryland20892, United States
| | - Noelia M. Boldizsar
- Molecular
Neuropharmacology Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders
and Stroke, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, 35 Convent Drive, MSC-3723, Bethesda, Maryland20892, United States
| | - Trevor B. Doyle
- Molecular
Neuropharmacology Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders
and Stroke, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, 35 Convent Drive, MSC-3723, Bethesda, Maryland20892, United States
| | - Ramona M. Rodriguiz
- Department
of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Mouse Behavioral and Neuroendocrine
Analysis Core Facility, Duke University
Medical Center, 354 Sands Building, 303 Research Drive, Durham, North Carolina27710, United States
| | - Vladimir M. Pogorelov
- Department
of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Mouse Behavioral and Neuroendocrine
Analysis Core Facility, Duke University
Medical Center, 354 Sands Building, 303 Research Drive, Durham, North Carolina27710, United States
| | - Mayako Machino
- Computational
Chemistry and Molecular Biophysics Section, Molecular Targets and
Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Intramural
Research Program, National Institutes of
Health, 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, Maryland21224, United
States
| | - Kuo Hao Lee
- Computational
Chemistry and Molecular Biophysics Section, Molecular Targets and
Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Intramural
Research Program, National Institutes of
Health, 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, Maryland21224, United
States
| | - Jeremiah W. Bertz
- Department
of Pharmacology, University of Michigan
Medical School, 1150 W. Medical Center Dr., Ann Arbor, Michigan48109, United States
| | - Jinbin Xu
- Division
of Radiological Sciences, Department of Radiology, Mallinckrodt Institute
of Radiology, Washington University School
of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri63110, United States
| | - Herman D. Lim
- Drug Discovery
Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, 399 Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC3052, Australia
| | - Andrés E. Dulcey
- Division
of Pre-Clinical Innovation, National Center for Advancing Translational
Sciences, National Institutes of Health, 9800 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, Maryland20850, United States
| | - Robert H. Mach
- Department
of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 3400 Civic Center Boulevard, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania19104, United States
| | - James H. Woods
- Department
of Pharmacology, University of Michigan
Medical School, 1150 W. Medical Center Dr., Ann Arbor, Michigan48109, United States
| | - J Robert Lane
- Centre
of Membrane Proteins and Receptors, Universities
of Birmingham and Nottingham, NottinghamNG7 2UH, United Kingdom
| | - Lei Shi
- Computational
Chemistry and Molecular Biophysics Section, Molecular Targets and
Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Intramural
Research Program, National Institutes of
Health, 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, Maryland21224, United
States
| | - Juan J. Marugan
- Division
of Pre-Clinical Innovation, National Center for Advancing Translational
Sciences, National Institutes of Health, 9800 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, Maryland20850, United States
| | - William C. Wetsel
- Department
of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Mouse Behavioral and Neuroendocrine
Analysis Core Facility, Duke University
Medical Center, 354 Sands Building, 303 Research Drive, Durham, North Carolina27710, United States
- Departments
of Neurobiology and Cell Biology, Duke University
Medical Center, 354 Sands Building, 303 Research Drive, Durham, North Carolina27710, United States
| | - David R. Sibley
- Molecular
Neuropharmacology Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders
and Stroke, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, 35 Convent Drive, MSC-3723, Bethesda, Maryland20892, United States
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11
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Juza R, Musilek K, Mezeiova E, Soukup O, Korabecny J. Recent advances in dopamine D 2 receptor ligands in the treatment of neuropsychiatric disorders. Med Res Rev 2023; 43:55-211. [PMID: 36111795 DOI: 10.1002/med.21923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Revised: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Dopamine is a biologically active amine synthesized in the central and peripheral nervous system. This biogenic monoamine acts by activating five types of dopamine receptors (D1-5 Rs), which belong to the G protein-coupled receptor family. Antagonists and partial agonists of D2 Rs are used to treat schizophrenia, Parkinson's disease, depression, and anxiety. The typical pharmacophore with high D2 R affinity comprises four main areas, namely aromatic moiety, cyclic amine, central linker and aromatic/heteroaromatic lipophilic fragment. From the literature reviewed herein, we can conclude that 4-(2,3-dichlorophenyl), 4-(2-methoxyphenyl)-, 4-(benzo[b]thiophen-4-yl)-1-substituted piperazine, and 4-(6-fluorobenzo[d]isoxazol-3-yl)piperidine moieties are critical for high D2 R affinity. Four to six atoms chains are optimal for D2 R affinity with 4-butoxyl as the most pronounced one. The bicyclic aromatic/heteroaromatic systems are most frequently occurring as lipophilic appendages to retain high D2 R affinity. In this review, we provide a thorough overview of the therapeutic potential of D2 R modulators in the treatment of the aforementioned disorders. In addition, this review summarizes current knowledge about these diseases, with a focus on the dopaminergic pathway underlying these pathologies. Major attention is paid to the structure, function, and pharmacology of novel D2 R ligands, which have been developed in the last decade (2010-2021), and belong to the 1,4-disubstituted aromatic cyclic amine group. Due to the abundance of data, allosteric D2 R ligands and D2 R modulators from patents are not discussed in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radomir Juza
- Experimental Neurobiology, National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czech Republic.,Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Kamil Musilek
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic.,Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Eva Mezeiova
- Experimental Neurobiology, National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czech Republic.,Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Ondrej Soukup
- Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Korabecny
- Experimental Neurobiology, National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czech Republic.,Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
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12
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Di Martino RMC, Cavalli A, Bottegoni G. Dopamine D3 receptor ligands: a patent review (2014-2020). Expert Opin Ther Pat 2022; 32:605-627. [PMID: 35235753 DOI: 10.1080/13543776.2022.2049240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Compelling evidence identified D3 dopamine receptor (D3R) as a suitable target for therapeutic intervention on CNS-associated disorders, cancer and other conditions. Several efforts have been made toward developing potent and selective ligands for modulating signalling pathways operated by these GPCRs. The rational design of D3R ligands endowed with a pharmacologically relevant profile has traditionally not encountered much support from computational methods due to a very limited knowledge of the receptor structure and of its conformational dynamics. We believe that recent progress in structural biology will change this state of affairs in the next decade. AREAS COVERED This review provides an overview of the recent (2014-2020) patent literature on novel classes of D3R ligands developed within the framework of CNS-related diseases, cancer and additional conditions. When possible, an in-depth description of both in vitro and in vivo generated data is presented. New therapeutic applications of known molecules with activity at D3R are discussed. EXPERT OPINION Building on current knowledge, future D3R-focused drug discovery campaigns will be propelled by a combination of unprecedented availability of structural information with advanced computational and analytical methods. The design of D3R ligands with the sought activity, efficacy and selectivity profile will become increasingly more streamlined.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Andrea Cavalli
- Computational and Chemical Biology, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, via Morego 30, 16163, Genoa, Italy.,Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Alma Mater Studiorum-Bologna University, via Belmeloro 6, 40126, Bologna, Italy
| | - Giovanni Bottegoni
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Urbino University "Carlo Bo", Piazza Rinascimento 6, 61029, Urbino, Italy.,Institute of Clinical Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, B15 2TT, Birmingham, UK
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13
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Shaik AB, Boateng CA, Battiti FO, Bonifazi A, Cao J, Chen L, Chitsazi R, Ravi S, Lee KH, Shi L, Newman AH. Structure Activity Relationships for a Series of Eticlopride-Based Dopamine D 2/D 3 Receptor Bitopic Ligands. J Med Chem 2021; 64:15313-15333. [PMID: 34636551 PMCID: PMC9617622 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c01353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The crystal structure of the dopamine D3 receptor (D3R) in complex with eticlopride inspired the design of bitopic ligands that explored (1) N-alkylation of the eticlopride's pyrrolidine ring, (2) shifting of the position of the pyrrolidine nitrogen, (3) expansion of the pyrrolidine ring system, and (4) incorporation of O-alkylations at the 4-position. Structure activity relationships (SAR) revealed that moving the N- or expanding the pyrrolidine ring was detrimental to D2R/D3R binding affinities. Small pyrrolidine N-alkyl groups were poorly tolerated, but the addition of a linker and secondary pharmacophore (SP) improved affinities. Moreover, O-alkylated analogues showed higher binding affinities compared to analogously N-alkylated compounds, e.g., O-alkylated 33 (D3R, 0.436 nM and D2R, 1.77 nM) vs the N-alkylated 11 (D3R, 6.97 nM and D2R, 25.3 nM). All lead molecules were functional D2R/D3R antagonists. Molecular models confirmed that 4-position modifications would be well-tolerated for future D2R/D3R bioconjugate tools that require long linkers and or sterically bulky groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anver Basha Shaik
- Medicinal Chemistry Section, Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse – Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, MD 21224, United States
| | - Comfort A. Boateng
- Medicinal Chemistry Section, Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse – Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, MD 21224, United States
| | - Francisco O. Battiti
- Medicinal Chemistry Section, Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse – Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, MD 21224, United States
| | - Alessandro Bonifazi
- Medicinal Chemistry Section, Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse – Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, MD 21224, United States
| | - Jianjing Cao
- Medicinal Chemistry Section, Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse – Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, MD 21224, United States
| | - Li Chen
- Computational Chemistry and Molecular Biophysics Section, Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse − Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, MD 21224, United States
| | - Rezvan Chitsazi
- Computational Chemistry and Molecular Biophysics Section, Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse − Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, MD 21224, United States
| | - Saiprasad Ravi
- Computational Chemistry and Molecular Biophysics Section, Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse − Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, MD 21224, United States
| | - Kuo Hao Lee
- Computational Chemistry and Molecular Biophysics Section, Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse − Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, MD 21224, United States
| | - Lei Shi
- Computational Chemistry and Molecular Biophysics Section, Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse − Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, MD 21224, United States
| | - Amy Hauck Newman
- Medicinal Chemistry Section, Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse – Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, MD 21224, United States
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14
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Andrianarivelo A, Saint-Jour E, Pousinha P, Fernandez SP, Petitbon A, De Smedt-Peyrusse V, Heck N, Ortiz V, Allichon MC, Kappès V, Betuing S, Walle R, Zhu Y, Joséphine C, Bemelmans AP, Turecki G, Mechawar N, Javitch JA, Caboche J, Trifilieff P, Barik J, Vanhoutte P. Disrupting D1-NMDA or D2-NMDA receptor heteromerization prevents cocaine's rewarding effects but preserves natural reward processing. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2021; 7:eabg5970. [PMID: 34669474 PMCID: PMC8528421 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abg5970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Addictive drugs increase dopamine in the nucleus accumbens (NAc), where it persistently shapes excitatory glutamate transmission and hijacks natural reward processing. Here, we provide evidence, from mice to humans, that an underlying mechanism relies on drug-evoked heteromerization of glutamate N-methyl-d-aspartate receptors (NMDAR) with dopamine receptor 1 (D1R) or 2 (D2R). Using temporally controlled inhibition of D1R-NMDAR heteromerization, we unraveled their selective implication in early phases of cocaine-mediated synaptic, morphological, and behavioral responses. In contrast, preventing D2R-NMDAR heteromerization blocked the persistence of these adaptations. Interfering with these heteromers spared natural reward processing. Notably, we established that D2R-NMDAR complexes exist in human samples and showed that, despite a decreased D2R protein expression in the NAc, individuals with psychostimulant use disorder display a higher proportion of D2R forming heteromers with NMDAR. These findings contribute to a better understanding of molecular mechanisms underlying addiction and uncover D2R-NMDAR heteromers as targets with potential therapeutic value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andry Andrianarivelo
- CNRS, UMR 8246, Neuroscience Paris Seine, F-75005 Paris, France
- INSERM, UMR-S 1130, Neuroscience Paris Seine, Institute of Biology Paris Seine, F-75005 Paris, France
- Sorbonne Université, UPMC Université Paris 06, UM CR18, Neuroscience Paris Seine, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Estefani Saint-Jour
- CNRS, UMR 8246, Neuroscience Paris Seine, F-75005 Paris, France
- INSERM, UMR-S 1130, Neuroscience Paris Seine, Institute of Biology Paris Seine, F-75005 Paris, France
- Sorbonne Université, UPMC Université Paris 06, UM CR18, Neuroscience Paris Seine, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Paula Pousinha
- Université Côte d’Azur, Nice, France
- Institut de Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, CNRS UMR7275, Valbonne, France
| | - Sebastian P. Fernandez
- Université Côte d’Azur, Nice, France
- Institut de Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, CNRS UMR7275, Valbonne, France
| | - Anna Petitbon
- Université Bordeaux, INRAE, Bordeaux INP, NutriNeuro, 33000 Bordeaux, France
| | | | - Nicolas Heck
- CNRS, UMR 8246, Neuroscience Paris Seine, F-75005 Paris, France
- INSERM, UMR-S 1130, Neuroscience Paris Seine, Institute of Biology Paris Seine, F-75005 Paris, France
- Sorbonne Université, UPMC Université Paris 06, UM CR18, Neuroscience Paris Seine, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Vanesa Ortiz
- Université Côte d’Azur, Nice, France
- Institut de Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, CNRS UMR7275, Valbonne, France
| | - Marie-Charlotte Allichon
- CNRS, UMR 8246, Neuroscience Paris Seine, F-75005 Paris, France
- INSERM, UMR-S 1130, Neuroscience Paris Seine, Institute of Biology Paris Seine, F-75005 Paris, France
- Sorbonne Université, UPMC Université Paris 06, UM CR18, Neuroscience Paris Seine, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Vincent Kappès
- CNRS, UMR 8246, Neuroscience Paris Seine, F-75005 Paris, France
- INSERM, UMR-S 1130, Neuroscience Paris Seine, Institute of Biology Paris Seine, F-75005 Paris, France
- Sorbonne Université, UPMC Université Paris 06, UM CR18, Neuroscience Paris Seine, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Sandrine Betuing
- CNRS, UMR 8246, Neuroscience Paris Seine, F-75005 Paris, France
- INSERM, UMR-S 1130, Neuroscience Paris Seine, Institute of Biology Paris Seine, F-75005 Paris, France
- Sorbonne Université, UPMC Université Paris 06, UM CR18, Neuroscience Paris Seine, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Roman Walle
- Université Bordeaux, INRAE, Bordeaux INP, NutriNeuro, 33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Ying Zhu
- Division of Molecular Therapeutics, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY 10032, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Charlène Joséphine
- Commissariat à l’Énergie Atomique et aux Énergies Alternatives (CEA), Département de la Recherche Fondamentale, Institut de biologie François Jacob, MIRCen, and CNRS UMR 9199, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Neurodegenerative Diseases Laboratory, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Alexis-Pierre Bemelmans
- Commissariat à l’Énergie Atomique et aux Énergies Alternatives (CEA), Département de la Recherche Fondamentale, Institut de biologie François Jacob, MIRCen, and CNRS UMR 9199, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Neurodegenerative Diseases Laboratory, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Gustavo Turecki
- Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Naguib Mechawar
- Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Jonathan A. Javitch
- Division of Molecular Therapeutics, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY 10032, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Jocelyne Caboche
- CNRS, UMR 8246, Neuroscience Paris Seine, F-75005 Paris, France
- INSERM, UMR-S 1130, Neuroscience Paris Seine, Institute of Biology Paris Seine, F-75005 Paris, France
- Sorbonne Université, UPMC Université Paris 06, UM CR18, Neuroscience Paris Seine, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Pierre Trifilieff
- Université Bordeaux, INRAE, Bordeaux INP, NutriNeuro, 33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Jacques Barik
- Université Côte d’Azur, Nice, France
- Institut de Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, CNRS UMR7275, Valbonne, France
| | - Peter Vanhoutte
- CNRS, UMR 8246, Neuroscience Paris Seine, F-75005 Paris, France
- INSERM, UMR-S 1130, Neuroscience Paris Seine, Institute of Biology Paris Seine, F-75005 Paris, France
- Sorbonne Université, UPMC Université Paris 06, UM CR18, Neuroscience Paris Seine, F-75005 Paris, France
- Corresponding author.
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15
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Tropmann K, Bresinsky M, Forster L, Mönnich D, Buschauer A, Wittmann HJ, Hübner H, Gmeiner P, Pockes S, Strasser A. Abolishing Dopamine D 2long/D 3 Receptor Affinity of Subtype-Selective Carbamoylguanidine-Type Histamine H 2 Receptor Agonists. J Med Chem 2021; 64:8684-8709. [PMID: 34110814 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c00692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
3-(2-Amino-4-methylthiazol-5-yl)propyl-substituted carbamoylguanidines are potent, subtype-selective histamine H2 receptor (H2R) agonists, but their applicability as pharmacological tools to elucidate the largely unknown H2R functions in the central nervous system (CNS) is compromised by their concomitant high affinity toward dopamine D2-like receptors (especially to the D3R). To improve the selectivity, a series of novel carbamoylguanidine-type ligands containing various heterocycles, spacers, and side residues were rationally designed, synthesized, and tested in binding and/or functional assays at H1-4 and D2long/3 receptors. This study revealed a couple of selective candidates (among others 31 and 47), and the most promising ones were screened at several off-target receptors, showing good selectivities. Docking studies suggest that the amino acid residues (3.28, 3.32, E2.49, E2.51, 5.42, and 7.35) are responsible for the different affinities at the H2- and D2long/3-receptors. These results provide a solid base for the exploration of the H2R functions in the brain in further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Tropmann
- Institute of Pharmacy, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstraße 31, D-93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Merlin Bresinsky
- Institute of Pharmacy, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstraße 31, D-93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Lisa Forster
- Institute of Pharmacy, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstraße 31, D-93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Denise Mönnich
- Institute of Pharmacy, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstraße 31, D-93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Armin Buschauer
- Institute of Pharmacy, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstraße 31, D-93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Hans-Joachim Wittmann
- Institute of Pharmacy, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstraße 31, D-93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Harald Hübner
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Medicinal Chemistry, Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Peter Gmeiner
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Medicinal Chemistry, Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Steffen Pockes
- Institute of Pharmacy, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstraße 31, D-93053 Regensburg, Germany.,Department of Neurology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States.,Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Institute for Therapeutics Discovery and Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55414, United States
| | - Andrea Strasser
- Institute of Pharmacy, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstraße 31, D-93053 Regensburg, Germany
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16
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Chirality of Novel Bitopic Agonists Determines Unique Pharmacology at the Dopamine D3 Receptor. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11040570. [PMID: 33924613 PMCID: PMC8069330 DOI: 10.3390/biom11040570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Revised: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The dopamine D2/D3 receptor (D2R/D3R) agonists are used as therapeutics for Parkinson's disease (PD) and other motor disorders. Selective targeting of D3R over D2R is attractive because of D3R's restricted tissue distribution with potentially fewer side-effects and its putative neuroprotective effect. However, the high sequence homology between the D2R and D3R poses a challenge in the development of D3R selective agonists. To address the ligand selectivity, bitopic ligands were designed and synthesized previously based on a potent D3R-preferential agonist PF592,379 as the primary pharmacophore (PP). This PP was attached to various secondary pharmacophores (SPs) using chemically different linkers. Here, we characterize some of these novel bitopic ligands at both D3R and D2R using BRET-based functional assays. The bitopic ligands showed varying differences in potencies and efficacies. In addition, the chirality of the PP was key to conferring improved D3R potency, selectivity, and G protein signaling bias. In particular, compound AB04-88 exhibited significant D3R over D2R selectivity, and G protein bias at D3R. This bias was consistently observed at various time-points ranging from 8 to 46 min. Together, the structure-activity relationships derived from these functional studies reveal unique pharmacology at D3R and support further evaluation of functionally biased D3R agonists for their therapeutic potential.
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17
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Battiti FO, Newman AH, Bonifazi A. Exception That Proves the Rule: Investigation of Privileged Stereochemistry in Designing Dopamine D 3R Bitopic Agonists. ACS Med Chem Lett 2020; 11:1956-1964. [PMID: 33062179 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.9b00660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2019] [Accepted: 02/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, starting from our selective D3R agonist FOB02-04A (5), we investigated the chemical space around the linker portion of the molecule via insertion of a hydroxyl substituent and ring-expansion of the trans-cyclopropyl moiety into a trans-cyclohexyl scaffold. Moreover, to further elucidate the importance of the primary pharmacophore stereochemistry in the design of bitopic ligands, we investigated the chiral requirements of (+)-PD128907 ((+)-(4a R ,10b R )-2)) by synthesizing and resolving bitopic analogues in all the cis and trans combinations of its 9-methoxy-3,4,4a,10b-tetrahydro-2H,5H-chromeno[4,3-b][1,4] oxazine scaffold. Despite the lack of success in obtaining new analogues with improved biological profiles, in comparison to our current leads, a "negative" result due to a poor or simply not improved biological profile is fundamental toward better understanding chemical space and optimal stereochemistry for target recognition. Herein, we identified essential structural information to understand the differences between orthosteric and bitopic ligand-receptor binding interactions, discriminate D3R active and inactive states, and assist multitarget receptor recognition. Exploring stereochemical complexity and developing extended D3R SAR from this new library complements previously described SAR and inspires future structural and computational biology investigation. Moreover, the expansion of chemical space characterization for D3R agonism may be utilized in machine learning and artificial intelligence (AI)-based drug design, in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco O. Battiti
- Medicinal Chemistry Section, Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse—Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, United States
| | - Amy Hauck Newman
- Medicinal Chemistry Section, Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse—Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, United States
| | - Alessandro Bonifazi
- Medicinal Chemistry Section, Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse—Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, United States
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18
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Moritz AE, Free RB, Weiner WS, Akano EO, Gandhi D, Abramyan A, Keck TM, Ferrer M, Hu X, Southall N, Steiner J, Aubé J, Shi L, Frankowski KJ, Sibley DR. Discovery, Optimization, and Characterization of ML417: A Novel and Highly Selective D 3 Dopamine Receptor Agonist. J Med Chem 2020; 63:5526-5567. [PMID: 32342685 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c00424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
To identify novel D3 dopamine receptor (D3R) agonists, we conducted a high-throughput screen using a β-arrestin recruitment assay. Counterscreening of the hit compounds provided an assessment of their selectivity, efficacy, and potency. The most promising scaffold was optimized through medicinal chemistry resulting in enhanced potency and selectivity. The optimized compound, ML417 (20), potently promotes D3R-mediated β-arrestin translocation, G protein activation, and ERK1/2 phosphorylation (pERK) while lacking activity at other dopamine receptors. Screening of ML417 against multiple G protein-coupled receptors revealed exceptional global selectivity. Molecular modeling suggests that ML417 interacts with the D3R in a unique manner, possibly explaining its remarkable selectivity. ML417 was also found to protect against neurodegeneration of dopaminergic neurons derived from iPSCs. Together with promising pharmacokinetics and toxicology profiles, these results suggest that ML417 is a novel and uniquely selective D3R agonist that may serve as both a research tool and a therapeutic lead for the treatment of neuropsychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy E Moritz
- Molecular Neuropharmacology Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, 35 Convent Drive, MSC-3723, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-3723, United States
| | - R Benjamin Free
- Molecular Neuropharmacology Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, 35 Convent Drive, MSC-3723, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-3723, United States
| | - Warren S Weiner
- University of Kansas Specialized Chemistry Center, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66047, United States
| | - Emmanuel O Akano
- Molecular Neuropharmacology Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, 35 Convent Drive, MSC-3723, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-3723, United States
| | - Disha Gandhi
- Center for Integrative Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, 125 Mason Farm Road, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Ara Abramyan
- Computational Chemistry and Molecular Biophysics Unit, Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland, 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, United States
| | - Thomas M Keck
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Department of Molecular & Cellular Biosciences, College of Science and Mathematics, Rowan University, 201 Mullica Hill Road, Glassboro, New Jersey 08028, United States
| | - Marc Ferrer
- NIH Chemical Genomics Center, Division of Preclinical Innovation, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, 9800 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, Maryland 20850, United States
| | - Xin Hu
- NIH Chemical Genomics Center, Division of Preclinical Innovation, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, 9800 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, Maryland 20850, United States
| | - Noel Southall
- NIH Chemical Genomics Center, Division of Preclinical Innovation, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, 9800 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, Maryland 20850, United States
| | - Joseph Steiner
- NeuroTherapeutics Development Unit, National Institute for Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - Jeffrey Aubé
- University of Kansas Specialized Chemistry Center, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66047, United States.,Center for Integrative Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, 125 Mason Farm Road, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Lei Shi
- Computational Chemistry and Molecular Biophysics Unit, Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland, 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, United States
| | - Kevin J Frankowski
- University of Kansas Specialized Chemistry Center, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66047, United States.,Center for Integrative Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, 125 Mason Farm Road, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - David R Sibley
- Molecular Neuropharmacology Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, 35 Convent Drive, MSC-3723, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-3723, United States
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19
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Haloperidol bound D 2 dopamine receptor structure inspired the discovery of subtype selective ligands. Nat Commun 2020; 11:1074. [PMID: 32103023 PMCID: PMC7044277 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-14884-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2019] [Accepted: 02/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
The D2 dopamine receptor (DRD2) is one of the most well-established therapeutic targets for neuropsychiatric and endocrine disorders. Most clinically approved and investigational drugs that target this receptor are known to be subfamily-selective for all three D2-like receptors, rather than subtype-selective for only DRD2. Here, we report the crystal structure of DRD2 bound to the most commonly used antipsychotic drug, haloperidol. The structures suggest an extended binding pocket for DRD2 that distinguishes it from other D2-like subtypes. A detailed analysis of the structures illuminates key structural determinants essential for DRD2 activation and subtype selectivity. A structure-based and mechanism-driven screening combined with a lead optimization approach yield DRD2 highly selective agonists, which could be used as chemical probes for studying the physiological and pathological functions of DRD2 as well as promising therapeutic leads devoid of promiscuity. The D2 dopamine receptor (DRD2) is one of the most well-established therapeutic targets for neuropsychiatric and endocrine disorders. Here, the authors report the crystal structure of the antipsychotic drug haloperidol bound to DRD2 via an extended binding pocket that distinguishes it from other D2-like subtypes.
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20
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Lane JR, Abramyan AM, Adhikari P, Keen AC, Lee KH, Sanchez J, Verma RK, Lim HD, Yano H, Javitch JA, Shi L. Distinct inactive conformations of the dopamine D2 and D3 receptors correspond to different extents of inverse agonism. eLife 2020; 9:e52189. [PMID: 31985399 PMCID: PMC7053997 DOI: 10.7554/elife.52189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2019] [Accepted: 01/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
By analyzing and simulating inactive conformations of the highly homologous dopamine D2 and D3 receptors (D2R and D3R), we find that eticlopride binds D2R in a pose very similar to that in the D3R/eticlopride structure but incompatible with the D2R/risperidone structure. In addition, risperidone occupies a sub-pocket near the Na+ binding site, whereas eticlopride does not. Based on these findings and our experimental results, we propose that the divergent receptor conformations stabilized by Na+-sensitive eticlopride and Na+-insensitive risperidone correspond to different degrees of inverse agonism. Moreover, our simulations reveal that the extracellular loops are highly dynamic, with spontaneous transitions of extracellular loop 2 from the helical conformation in the D2R/risperidone structure to an extended conformation similar to that in the D3R/eticlopride structure. Our results reveal previously unappreciated diversity and dynamics in the inactive conformations of D2R. These findings are critical for rational drug discovery, as limiting a virtual screen to a single conformation will miss relevant ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Robert Lane
- Division of Pharmacology, Physiology and Neuroscience, School of Life Sciences, Queen’s Medical Centre, University of NottinghamNottinghamUnited Kingdom
- Centre of Membrane Protein and Receptors, Universities of Birmingham and NottinghamNottinghamUnited Kingdom
| | - Ara M Abramyan
- Computational Chemistry and Molecular Biophysics Unit, National Institute on Drug Abuse - Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of HealthBaltimoreUnited States
| | - Pramisha Adhikari
- Computational Chemistry and Molecular Biophysics Unit, National Institute on Drug Abuse - Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of HealthBaltimoreUnited States
| | - Alastair C Keen
- Division of Pharmacology, Physiology and Neuroscience, School of Life Sciences, Queen’s Medical Centre, University of NottinghamNottinghamUnited Kingdom
- Centre of Membrane Protein and Receptors, Universities of Birmingham and NottinghamNottinghamUnited Kingdom
- Drug Discovery Biology, Department of Pharmacology and Medicinal Chemistry, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash UniversityParkvilleAustralia
| | - Kuo-Hao Lee
- Computational Chemistry and Molecular Biophysics Unit, National Institute on Drug Abuse - Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of HealthBaltimoreUnited States
| | - Julie Sanchez
- Division of Pharmacology, Physiology and Neuroscience, School of Life Sciences, Queen’s Medical Centre, University of NottinghamNottinghamUnited Kingdom
- Centre of Membrane Protein and Receptors, Universities of Birmingham and NottinghamNottinghamUnited Kingdom
| | - Ravi Kumar Verma
- Computational Chemistry and Molecular Biophysics Unit, National Institute on Drug Abuse - Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of HealthBaltimoreUnited States
| | - Herman D Lim
- Drug Discovery Biology, Department of Pharmacology and Medicinal Chemistry, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash UniversityParkvilleAustralia
| | - Hideaki Yano
- Computational Chemistry and Molecular Biophysics Unit, National Institute on Drug Abuse - Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of HealthBaltimoreUnited States
| | - Jonathan A Javitch
- Department of Psychiatry, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia UniversityNew YorkUnited States
- Division of Molecular Therapeutics, New York State Psychiatric InstituteNew YorkUnited States
- Department of PharmacologyVagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia UniversityNew YorkUnited States
| | - Lei Shi
- Computational Chemistry and Molecular Biophysics Unit, National Institute on Drug Abuse - Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of HealthBaltimoreUnited States
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21
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Newman AH, Battiti FO, Bonifazi A. 2016 Philip S. Portoghese Medicinal Chemistry Lectureship: Designing Bivalent or Bitopic Molecules for G-Protein Coupled Receptors. The Whole Is Greater Than the Sum of Its Parts. J Med Chem 2019; 63:1779-1797. [PMID: 31499001 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.9b01105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The genesis of designing bivalent or bitopic molecules that engender unique pharmacological properties began with Portoghese's work directed toward opioid receptors, in the early 1980s. This strategy has evolved as an attractive way to engineer highly selective compounds for targeted G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) with optimized efficacies and/or signaling bias. The emergence of X-ray crystal structures of many GPCRs and the identification of both orthosteric and allosteric binding sites have provided further guidance to ligand drug design that includes a primary pharmacophore (PP), a secondary pharmacophore (SP), and a linker between them. It is critical to note the synergistic relationship among all three of these components as they contribute to the overall interaction of these molecules with their receptor proteins and that strategically designed combinations have and will continue to provide the GPCR molecular tools of the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy Hauck Newman
- Medicinal Chemistry Section, Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse-Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, United States
| | - Francisco O Battiti
- Medicinal Chemistry Section, Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse-Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, United States
| | - Alessandro Bonifazi
- Medicinal Chemistry Section, Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse-Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, United States
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22
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Klein Herenbrink C, Verma R, Lim HD, Kopinathan A, Keen A, Shonberg J, Draper-Joyce CJ, Scammells PJ, Christopoulos A, Javitch JA, Capuano B, Shi L, Lane JR. Molecular Determinants of the Intrinsic Efficacy of the Antipsychotic Aripiprazole. ACS Chem Biol 2019; 14:1780-1792. [PMID: 31339684 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.9b00342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Partial agonists of the dopamine D2 receptor (D2R) have been developed to treat the symptoms of schizophrenia without causing the side effects elicited by antagonists. The receptor-ligand interactions that determine the intrinsic efficacy of such drugs, however, are poorly understood. Aripiprazole has an extended structure comprising a phenylpiperazine primary pharmacophore and a 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinolin-2-one secondary pharmacophore. We combined site-directed mutagenesis, analytical pharmacology, ligand fragments, and molecular dynamics simulations to identify the D2R-aripiprazole interactions that contribute to affinity and efficacy. We reveal that an interaction between the secondary pharmacophore of aripiprazole and a secondary binding pocket defined by residues at the extracellular portions of transmembrane segments 1, 2, and 7 determines the intrinsic efficacy of aripiprazole. Our findings reveal a hitherto unappreciated mechanism for fine-tuning the intrinsic efficacy of D2R agonists.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ravi Verma
- Computational Chemistry and Molecular Biophysics Unit, National Institute on Drug Abuse-Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, United States
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Lei Shi
- Computational Chemistry and Molecular Biophysics Unit, National Institute on Drug Abuse-Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, United States
| | - J. Robert Lane
- Division of Pharmacology, Physiology and Neuroscience, School of Life Sciences, Queen’s Medical Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, U.K
- Centre of Membrane Protein and Receptors, Universities of Birmingham and Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
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23
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Reilly SW, Riad AA, Hsieh CJ, Sahlholm K, Jacome DA, Griffin S, Taylor M, Weng CC, Xu K, Kirschner N, Luedtke RR, Parry C, Malhotra S, Karanicolas J, Mach RH. Leveraging a Low-Affinity Diazaspiro Orthosteric Fragment to Reduce Dopamine D 3 Receptor (D 3R) Ligand Promiscuity across Highly Conserved Aminergic G-Protein-Coupled Receptors (GPCRs). J Med Chem 2019; 62:5132-5147. [PMID: 31021617 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.9b00412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Previously, we reported a 3-(2-methoxyphenyl)-9-(3-((4-methyl-5-phenyl-4 H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)thio)propyl)-3,9-diazaspiro[5.5]undecane (1) compound with excellent dopamine D3 receptor (D3R) affinity (D3R Ki = 12.0 nM) and selectivity (D2R/D3R ratio = 905). Herein, we present derivatives of 1 with comparable D3R affinity (32, D3R Ki = 3.2 nM, D2R/D3R ratio = 60) and selectivity (30, D3R Ki = 21.0 nM, D2R/D3R ratio = 934). Fragmentation of 1 revealed orthosteric fragment 5a to express an unusually low D3R affinity ( Ki = 2.7 μM). Compared to piperazine congener 31, which retains a high-affinity orthosteric fragment (5d, D3R Ki = 23.9 nM), 1 was found to be more selective for the D3R among D1- and D2-like receptors and exhibited negligible off-target interactions at serotoninergic and adrenergic G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), common off-target sites for piperazine-containing D3R scaffolds. This study provides a unique rationale for implementing weakly potent orthosteric fragments into D3R ligand systems to minimize drug promiscuity at other aminergic GPCR sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean W Reilly
- Department of Radiology , Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia , Pennsylvania 19104 , United States
| | - Aladdin A Riad
- Department of Radiology , Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia , Pennsylvania 19104 , United States
| | - Chia-Ju Hsieh
- Department of Radiology , Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia , Pennsylvania 19104 , United States
| | - Kristoffer Sahlholm
- Department of Radiology , Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia , Pennsylvania 19104 , United States
| | - Daniel A Jacome
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics , University of Pennsylvania , 421 Curie Boulevard , Philadelphia , Pennsylvania 19104 , United States
| | - Suzy Griffin
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience , University of North Texas Health Science Center , 3500 Camp Bowie Boulevard , Fort Worth , Texas 76107 , United States
| | - Michelle Taylor
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience , University of North Texas Health Science Center , 3500 Camp Bowie Boulevard , Fort Worth , Texas 76107 , United States
| | - Chi-Chang Weng
- Department of Radiology , Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia , Pennsylvania 19104 , United States
| | - Kuiying Xu
- Department of Radiology , Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia , Pennsylvania 19104 , United States
| | - Nathan Kirschner
- Department of Radiology , Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia , Pennsylvania 19104 , United States
| | - Robert R Luedtke
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience , University of North Texas Health Science Center , 3500 Camp Bowie Boulevard , Fort Worth , Texas 76107 , United States
| | - Christopher Parry
- Program in Molecular Therapeutics , Fox Chase Cancer Center , 333 Cottman Avenue , Philadelphia , Pennsylvania 19111 , United States
| | - Shipra Malhotra
- Program in Molecular Therapeutics , Fox Chase Cancer Center , 333 Cottman Avenue , Philadelphia , Pennsylvania 19111 , United States
| | - John Karanicolas
- Program in Molecular Therapeutics , Fox Chase Cancer Center , 333 Cottman Avenue , Philadelphia , Pennsylvania 19111 , United States
| | - Robert H Mach
- Department of Radiology , Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia , Pennsylvania 19104 , United States
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24
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Montgomery D, Campbell A, Sullivan HJ, Wu C. Molecular dynamics simulation of biased agonists at the dopamine D2 receptor suggests the mechanism of receptor functional selectivity. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2018; 37:3206-3225. [PMID: 30124143 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2018.1513378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The dopamine D2 receptor (D2R) is the primary target for antipsychotic drugs. Besides schizophrenia, this receptor is linked to dementia, Parkinson's disease, and depression. Recent studies have shown that β-arrestin biased agonists at this receptor treat schizophrenia with less side effects. Although the high resolution structure of this receptor exists, the mechanism of biased agonism at the receptor is unknown. In this study, dopamine, the endogenous unbiased G-protein agonist, MLS1547, a G-protein biased agonist, and UNC9975, a G-protein antagonist and a β-arrestin biased agonist, were docked to a homology model of the whole D2R including all flexible loops, and molecular dynamics simulations were conducted to study the potential mechanisms of biased agonism. Our thorough analysis on the protein-ligand interaction, secondary structure, tertiary structure, structure dynamics, and molecular switches of all three systems indicates that ligand binding to transmembrane 3 might be essential for G-protein recruitment, while ligand binding to transmembrane 6 might be essential for β-arrestin recruitment. Our analysis also suggests changes in both the secondary and the tertiary structures of TM5 and TM7, molecular switches and ICL3 flexibility are important in biased signaling. Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Montgomery
- a College of Science and Mathematics , Rowan University , Glassboro , NJ , USA
| | - Alexandra Campbell
- a College of Science and Mathematics , Rowan University , Glassboro , NJ , USA
| | - Holli-Joi Sullivan
- a College of Science and Mathematics , Rowan University , Glassboro , NJ , USA
| | - Chun Wu
- a College of Science and Mathematics , Rowan University , Glassboro , NJ , USA
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25
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Liow JS, Morse CL, Lu S, Frankland M, Tye GL, Zoghbi SS, Gladding RL, Shaik AB, Innis RB, Newman AH, Pike VW. [ O- methyl- 11C] N-(4-(4-(3-Chloro-2-methoxyphenyl)-piperazin-1-yl)butyl)-1 H-indole-2-carboxamide ([ 11C]BAK4-51) Is an Efflux Transporter Substrate and Ineffective for PET Imaging of Brain D₃ Receptors in Rodents and Monkey. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23112737. [PMID: 30360553 PMCID: PMC6278341 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23112737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2018] [Revised: 10/15/2018] [Accepted: 10/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Selective high-affinity antagonists for the dopamine D₃ receptor (D₃R) are sought for treating substance use disorders. Positron emission tomography (PET) with an effective D₃R radioligand could be a useful tool for the development of such therapeutics by elucidating pharmacological specificity and target engagement in vivo. Currently, a D₃R-selective radioligand does not exist. The D₃R ligand, N-(4-(4-(3-chloro-2-methoxyphenyl)piperazin-1-yl)butyl)-1H-indole-2-carboxamide (BAK4-51, 1), has attractive properties for PET radioligand development, including full antagonist activity, very high D₃R affinity, D₃R selectivity, and moderate lipophilicity. We labeled 1 with the positron-emitter carbon-11 (t1/2 = 20.4 min) in the methoxy group for evaluation as a radioligand in animals with PET. However, [11C]1 was found to be an avid substrate for brain efflux transporters and lacked D₃R-specific signal in rodent and monkey brain in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeih-San Liow
- Molecular Imaging Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Room B3C346, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
| | - Cheryl L Morse
- Molecular Imaging Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Room B3C346, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
| | - Shuiyu Lu
- Molecular Imaging Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Room B3C346, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
| | - Michael Frankland
- Molecular Imaging Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Room B3C346, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
| | - George L Tye
- Molecular Imaging Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Room B3C346, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
| | - Sami S Zoghbi
- Molecular Imaging Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Room B3C346, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
| | - Robert L Gladding
- Molecular Imaging Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Room B3C346, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
| | - Anver B Shaik
- Medicinal Chemistry Section, Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA.
| | - Robert B Innis
- Molecular Imaging Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Room B3C346, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
| | - Amy H Newman
- Medicinal Chemistry Section, Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA.
| | - Victor W Pike
- Molecular Imaging Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Room B3C346, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
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26
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Omran A, Eslamimehr S, Crider AM, Neumann WL. Synthesis of 3-(3-hydroxyphenyl)pyrrolidine dopamine D 3 receptor ligands with extended functionality for probing the secondary binding pocket. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2018; 28:1897-1902. [PMID: 29631959 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2018.03.084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2018] [Revised: 03/14/2018] [Accepted: 03/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
A series of 3-(3-hydroxyphenyl)pyrrolidine analogues which incorporate N-alkyl groups and N-butylamide-linked benzamide functionality have been synthesized and their in vitro binding affinities at human dopamine receptors have been evaluated. Our ligand design strategy was to take the 3-(3-hydroxyphenyl)pyrrolidine scaffold and extend functionality from the orthosteric binding site to the secondary binding pocket for enhancing affinity and selectivity for the D3 receptor. The N-alkyl analogues constitute a homologous series from N-pentyl to N-decyl to probe the length/bulk tolerance of the secondary binding pocket of the D3 receptor. Enantiomeric 3-(3-hydroxyphenyl)pyrrolidine analogues were also prepared in order to test the chirality preference of the orthosteric binding site for this scaffold. Benzamide analogues were prepared to enhance affinity and/or selectivity based upon the results of the homologous series.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anahid Omran
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Southern Illinois University Edwardsville, 220 University Park Drive, Edwardsville, IL 62026, USA
| | - Shakiba Eslamimehr
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Southern Illinois University Edwardsville, 220 University Park Drive, Edwardsville, IL 62026, USA
| | - A Michael Crider
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Southern Illinois University Edwardsville, 220 University Park Drive, Edwardsville, IL 62026, USA
| | - William L Neumann
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Southern Illinois University Edwardsville, 220 University Park Drive, Edwardsville, IL 62026, USA.
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27
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Draper-Joyce CJ, Verma RK, Michino M, Shonberg J, Kopinathan A, Klein Herenbrink C, Scammells PJ, Capuano B, Abramyan AM, Thal DM, Javitch JA, Christopoulos A, Shi L, Lane JR. The action of a negative allosteric modulator at the dopamine D 2 receptor is dependent upon sodium ions. Sci Rep 2018; 8:1208. [PMID: 29352161 PMCID: PMC5775417 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-19642-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2017] [Accepted: 12/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Sodium ions (Na+) allosterically modulate the binding of orthosteric agonists and antagonists to many class A G protein-coupled receptors, including the dopamine D2 receptor (D2R). Experimental and computational evidences have revealed that this effect is mediated by the binding of Na+ to a conserved site located beneath the orthosteric binding site (OBS). SB269652 acts as a negative allosteric modulator (NAM) of the D2R that adopts an extended bitopic pose, in which the tetrahydroisoquinoline moiety interacts with the OBS and the indole-2-carboxamide moiety occupies a secondary binding pocket (SBP). In this study, we find that the presence of a Na+ within the conserved Na+-binding pocket is required for the action of SB269652. Using fragments of SB269652 and novel full-length analogues, we show that Na+ is required for the high affinity binding of the tetrahydroisoquinoline moiety within the OBS, and that the interaction of the indole-2-carboxamide moiety with the SBP determines the degree of Na+-sensitivity. Thus, we extend our understanding of the mode of action of this novel class of NAM by showing it acts synergistically with Na+ to modulate the binding of orthosteric ligands at the D2R, providing opportunities for fine-tuning of modulatory effects in future allosteric drug design efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher J Draper-Joyce
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, 399 Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Ravi Kumar Verma
- Computational Chemistry and Molecular Biophysics Unit, National Institute on Drug Abuse Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, Maryland, 21224, United States
| | - Mayako Michino
- Computational Chemistry and Molecular Biophysics Unit, National Institute on Drug Abuse Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, Maryland, 21224, United States.,Tri-Institutional Therapeutics Discovery Institute, 413 E 69th St, New York, NY, 10021, United States
| | - Jeremy Shonberg
- Medicinal Chemistry, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, 399 Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Anitha Kopinathan
- Medicinal Chemistry, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, 399 Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Carmen Klein Herenbrink
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, 399 Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Peter J Scammells
- Medicinal Chemistry, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, 399 Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Ben Capuano
- Medicinal Chemistry, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, 399 Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Ara M Abramyan
- Computational Chemistry and Molecular Biophysics Unit, National Institute on Drug Abuse Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, Maryland, 21224, United States
| | - David M Thal
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, 399 Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Jonathan A Javitch
- Departments of Psychiatry and Pharmacology, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, New York, 10032, United States.,College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, and Division of Molecular Therapeutics, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, New York, 10032, United States
| | - Arthur Christopoulos
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, 399 Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Lei Shi
- Computational Chemistry and Molecular Biophysics Unit, National Institute on Drug Abuse Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, Maryland, 21224, United States.
| | - J Robert Lane
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, 399 Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia.
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28
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Verma RK, Abramyan AM, Michino M, Free RB, Sibley DR, Javitch JA, Lane JR, Shi L. The E2.65A mutation disrupts dynamic binding poses of SB269652 at the dopamine D2 and D3 receptors. PLoS Comput Biol 2018; 14:e1005948. [PMID: 29337986 PMCID: PMC5786319 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1005948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2017] [Revised: 01/26/2018] [Accepted: 12/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The dopamine D2 and D3 receptors (D2R and D3R) are important targets for antipsychotics and for the treatment of drug abuse. SB269652, a bitopic ligand that simultaneously binds both the orthosteric binding site (OBS) and a secondary binding pocket (SBP) in both D2R and D3R, was found to be a negative allosteric modulator. Previous studies identified Glu2.65 in the SBP to be a key determinant of both the affinity of SB269652 and the magnitude of its cooperativity with orthosteric ligands, as the E2.65A mutation decreased both of these parameters. However, the proposed hydrogen bond (H-bond) between Glu2.65 and the indole moiety of SB269652 is not a strong interaction, and a structure activity relationship study of SB269652 indicates that this H-bond may not be the only element that determines its allosteric properties. To understand the structural basis of the observed phenotype of E2.65A, we carried out molecular dynamics simulations with a cumulative length of ~77 μs of D2R and D3R wild-type and their E2.65A mutants bound to SB269652. In combination with Markov state model analysis and by characterizing the equilibria of ligand binding modes in different conditions, we found that in both D2R and D3R, whereas the tetrahydroisoquinoline moiety of SB269652 is stably bound in the OBS, the indole-2-carboxamide moiety is dynamic and only intermittently forms H-bonds with Glu2.65. Our results also indicate that the E2.65A mutation significantly affects the overall shape and size of the SBP, as well as the conformation of the N terminus. Thus, our findings suggest that the key role of Glu2.65 in mediating the allosteric properties of SB269652 extends beyond a direct interaction with SB269652, and provide structural insights for rational design of SB269652 derivatives that may retain its allosteric properties. G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are targets of more than 25% of prescription drugs on the market. Due to their critical roles in human physiology, competitive modulation of these receptors has been found to be associated with many undesired side effects. Allosteric modulation holds the promise of retaining normal receptor function and improving selectivity. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms of the allosteric modulation of GPCRs have remained largely uncharted. The dopamine D2-like receptors have been implicated in voluntary movement, reward, sleep, learning, and memory. Based on previous experimental findings, we computationally characterized the binding of a negative allosteric modulator of dopamine D2 and D3 receptors, and revealed the dynamic binding mode of this modulator in a secondary binding pocket (SBP) of the receptors. Our results highlight the key role of a Glu in mediating the allosteric properties of the modulator by shaping the dynamically formed SBP, and shed light on rational design and optimization of allosteric modulators of GPCRs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravi Kumar Verma
- Computational Chemistry and Molecular Biophysics Unit, Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse—Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
| | - Ara M. Abramyan
- Computational Chemistry and Molecular Biophysics Unit, Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse—Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
| | - Mayako Michino
- Computational Chemistry and Molecular Biophysics Unit, Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse—Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
| | - R. Benjamin Free
- Molecular Neuropharmacology Section, National Institute of Neurologic Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States
| | - David R. Sibley
- Molecular Neuropharmacology Section, National Institute of Neurologic Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States
| | - Jonathan A. Javitch
- Departments of Psychiatry and Pharmacology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York, United States
- Division of Molecular Therapeutics, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, New York, United States
| | - J. Robert Lane
- Drug Discovery Biology, Department of Pharmacology and Medicinal Chemistry, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University (Parkville campus), Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Lei Shi
- Computational Chemistry and Molecular Biophysics Unit, Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse—Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
- * E-mail:
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29
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Donthamsetti PC, Winter N, Schönberger M, Levitz J, Stanley C, Javitch JA, Isacoff EY, Trauner D. Optical Control of Dopamine Receptors Using a Photoswitchable Tethered Inverse Agonist. J Am Chem Soc 2017; 139:18522-18535. [PMID: 29166564 PMCID: PMC5942546 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b07659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Family A G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) control diverse biological processes and are of great clinical relevance. Their archetype rhodopsin becomes naturally light sensitive by binding covalently to the photoswitchable tethered ligand (PTL) retinal. Other GPCRs, however, neither bind covalently to ligands nor are light sensitive. We sought to impart the logic of rhodopsin to light-insensitive Family A GPCRs in order to enable their remote control in a receptor-specific, cell-type-specific, and spatiotemporally precise manner. Dopamine receptors (DARs) are of particular interest for their roles in motor coordination, appetitive, and aversive behavior, as well as neuropsychiatric disorders such as Parkinson's disease, schizophrenia, mood disorders, and addiction. Using an azobenzene derivative of the well-known DAR ligand 2-(N-phenethyl-N-propyl)amino-5-hydroxytetralin (PPHT), we were able to rapidly, reversibly, and selectively block dopamine D1 and D2 receptors (D1R and D2R) when the PTL was conjugated to an engineered cysteine near the dopamine binding site. Depending on the site of tethering, the ligand behaved as either a photoswitchable tethered neutral antagonist or inverse agonist. Our results indicate that DARs can be chemically engineered for selective remote control by light and provide a template for precision control of Family A GPCRs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prashant C. Donthamsetti
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Nils Winter
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Integrated Protein Science, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Butenandtstraβe 5-13, Munich 81377, Germany
| | - Matthias Schönberger
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Integrated Protein Science, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Butenandtstraβe 5-13, Munich 81377, Germany
| | - Joshua Levitz
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Cherise Stanley
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Jonathan A. Javitch
- Departments of Psychiatry and Pharmacology, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
- Division of Molecular Therapeutics, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, New York 10032, United States
| | - Ehud Y. Isacoff
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Bioscience Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Dirk Trauner
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Integrated Protein Science, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Butenandtstraβe 5-13, Munich 81377, Germany
- Department of Chemistry, New York University, New York, New York 10003, United States
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30
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Wang S, Wacker D, Levit A, Che T, Betz RM, McCorvy JD, Venkatakrishnan AJ, Huang XP, Dror RO, Shoichet BK, Roth BL. D 4 dopamine receptor high-resolution structures enable the discovery of selective agonists. Science 2017; 358:381-386. [PMID: 29051383 PMCID: PMC5856174 DOI: 10.1126/science.aan5468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2017] [Accepted: 09/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Dopamine receptors are implicated in the pathogenesis and treatment of nearly every neuropsychiatric disorder. Although thousands of drugs interact with these receptors, our molecular understanding of dopaminergic drug selectivity and design remains clouded. To illuminate dopamine receptor structure, function, and ligand recognition, we determined crystal structures of the D4 dopamine receptor in its inactive state bound to the antipsychotic drug nemonapride, with resolutions up to 1.95 angstroms. These structures suggest a mechanism for the control of constitutive signaling, and their unusually high resolution enabled a structure-based campaign for new agonists of the D4 dopamine receptor. The ability to efficiently exploit structure for specific probe discovery-rapidly moving from elucidating receptor structure to discovering previously unrecognized, selective agonists-testifies to the power of structure-based approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7365, USA.
| | - Daniel Wacker
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7365, USA.
| | - Anat Levit
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158-2280, USA
| | - Tao Che
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7365, USA
| | - Robin M Betz
- Department of Computer Science, Stanford University, CA 94305, USA
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Institute for Computational and Mathematical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Biophysics Program, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - John D McCorvy
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7365, USA
| | - A J Venkatakrishnan
- Department of Computer Science, Stanford University, CA 94305, USA
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Institute for Computational and Mathematical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Xi-Ping Huang
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7365, USA
| | - Ron O Dror
- Department of Computer Science, Stanford University, CA 94305, USA
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Institute for Computational and Mathematical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Biophysics Program, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Brian K Shoichet
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158-2280, USA.
| | - Bryan L Roth
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7365, USA.
- Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7360, USA
- National Institute of Mental Health Psychoactive Drug Screening Program, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7365, USA
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31
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Fronik P, Gaiser BI, Sejer Pedersen D. Bitopic Ligands and Metastable Binding Sites: Opportunities for G Protein-Coupled Receptor (GPCR) Medicinal Chemistry. J Med Chem 2017; 60:4126-4134. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.6b01601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Fronik
- Department of Drug Design
and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Jagtvej 162, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Birgit I. Gaiser
- Department of Drug Design
and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Jagtvej 162, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Daniel Sejer Pedersen
- Department of Drug Design
and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Jagtvej 162, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
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32
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Michino M, Boateng CA, Donthamsetti P, Yano H, Bakare OM, Bonifazi A, Ellenberger MP, Keck TM, Kumar V, Zhu C, Verma R, Deschamps JR, Javitch JA, Newman AH, Shi L. Toward Understanding the Structural Basis of Partial Agonism at the Dopamine D 3 Receptor. J Med Chem 2017; 60:580-593. [PMID: 27983845 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.6b01148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Both dopamine D3 receptor (D3R) partial agonists and antagonists have been implicated as potential medications for substance use disorders. In contrast to antagonists, partial agonists may cause fewer side effects since they maintain some dopaminergic tone and may be less disruptive to normal neuronal functions. Here, we report three sets of 4-phenylpiperazine stereoisomers that differ considerably in efficacy: the (R)-enantiomers are antagonists/weak partial agonists, whereas the (S)-enantiomers are much more efficacious. To investigate the structural basis of partial agonism, we performed comparative microsecond-scale molecular dynamics simulations starting from the inactive state of D3R in complex with these enantiomers. Analysis of the simulation results reveals common structural rearrangements near the ligand binding site induced by the bound (S)-enantiomers, but not by the (R)-enantiomers, that are features of partially activated receptor conformations. These receptor models bound with partial agonists may be useful for structure-based design of compounds with tailored efficacy profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayako Michino
- Computational Chemistry and Molecular Biophysics Unit, Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse-Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health , 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, United States
| | - Comfort A Boateng
- Medicinal Chemistry Section, Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse-Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health , 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, United States.,Department of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fred Wilson School of Pharmacy, High Point University , One University Parkway, High Point, North Carolina 27268, United States
| | - Prashant Donthamsetti
- Departments of Psychiatry and Pharmacology, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, and Division of Molecular Therapeutics, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, New York 10032, United States
| | - Hideaki Yano
- Computational Chemistry and Molecular Biophysics Unit, Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse-Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health , 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, United States
| | - Oluyomi M Bakare
- Medicinal Chemistry Section, Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse-Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health , 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, United States
| | - Alessandro Bonifazi
- Medicinal Chemistry Section, Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse-Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health , 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, United States
| | - Michael P Ellenberger
- Medicinal Chemistry Section, Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse-Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health , 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, United States
| | - Thomas M Keck
- Medicinal Chemistry Section, Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse-Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health , 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, United States.,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, and Department of Biomedical and Translational Sciences, College of Science and Mathematics, Rowan University , 201 Mullica Hill Road, Glassboro, New Jersey 08028, United States
| | - Vivek Kumar
- Medicinal Chemistry Section, Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse-Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health , 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, United States
| | - Clare Zhu
- Computational Chemistry and Molecular Biophysics Unit, Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse-Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health , 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, United States
| | - Ravi Verma
- Computational Chemistry and Molecular Biophysics Unit, Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse-Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health , 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, United States
| | - Jeffrey R Deschamps
- Naval Research Laboratory , Code 6930, 4555 Overlook Avenue, Washington, DC 20375, United States
| | - Jonathan A Javitch
- Departments of Psychiatry and Pharmacology, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, and Division of Molecular Therapeutics, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, New York 10032, United States
| | - Amy Hauck Newman
- Medicinal Chemistry Section, Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse-Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health , 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, United States
| | - Lei Shi
- Computational Chemistry and Molecular Biophysics Unit, Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse-Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health , 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, United States
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33
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Design and synthesis of novel N-sulfonyl-2-indoles that behave as 5-HT6 receptor ligands with significant selectivity for D3 over D2 receptors. Bioorg Med Chem 2017; 25:38-52. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2016.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2016] [Revised: 10/05/2016] [Accepted: 10/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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34
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Leggio GM, Bucolo C, Platania CBM, Salomone S, Drago F. Current drug treatments targeting dopamine D3 receptor. Pharmacol Ther 2016; 165:164-77. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2016.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2016] [Accepted: 06/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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35
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Penjišević JZ, Šukalović VV, Andrić DB, Roglić GM, Šoškić V, Kostić-Rajačić SV. Synthesis, Biological, and Computational Evaluation of Substituted 1-(2-Methoxyphenyl)-4-(1-phenethylpiperidin-4-yl)piperazines and 1-(2-Methoxyphenyl)-4-[(1-phenethylpiperidin-4-yl)methyl]piperazines as Dopaminergic Ligands. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2016; 349:614-26. [PMID: 27335270 DOI: 10.1002/ardp.201600081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2016] [Revised: 06/03/2016] [Accepted: 06/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Sixteen new 1-(2-methoxyphenyl)-4-(1-phenethylpiperidin-4-yl)piperazines and 1-(2-methoxyphenyl)-4-[(1-phenethylpiperidin-4-yl)methyl]piperazines were synthesized to be used as probes for mapping the dopamine D2 receptor (D2 DAR) arylpiperazine binding site. All compounds were evaluated for their affinity toward D2 DAR in an in vitro competitive displacement assay. The most active one was 1-(2-methoxyphenyl)-4-{[1-(3-nitrophenethyl)piperidin-4-yl]methyl}piperazine (25) with an affinity of Ki = 54 nM. Docking analysis was conducted on all herein described compounds, whereas molecular dynamic simulation was performed on ligand 25 to establish its mode of interaction with D2 DAR. Two possible docking orientations are proposed; the one with a salt bridge between the piperidine moiety and Asp114 of D2 DAR is more stable.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Deana B Andrić
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Goran M Roglić
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
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36
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Cortés A, Moreno E, Rodríguez-Ruiz M, Canela EI, Casadó V. Targeting the dopamine D3 receptor: an overview of drug design strategies. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2016; 11:641-64. [PMID: 27135354 DOI: 10.1080/17460441.2016.1185413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Dopamine is a neurotransmitter widely distributed in both the periphery and the central nervous system (CNS). Its physiological effects are mediated by five closely related G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) that are divided into two major subclasses: the D1-like (D1, D5) and the D2-like (D2, D3, D4) receptors. D3 receptors (D3Rs) have the highest density in the limbic areas of the brain, which are associated with cognitive and emotional functions. These receptors are therefore attractive targets for therapeutic management. AREAS COVERED This review summarizes the functional and pharmacological characteristics of D3Rs, including the design and clinical relevance of full agonists, partial agonists and antagonists, as well as the capacity of these receptors to form active homodimers, heterodimers or higher order receptor complexes as pharmacological targets in several neurological and neurodegenerative disorders. EXPERT OPINION The high sequence homology between D3R and the D2-type challenges the development of D3R-selective compounds. The design of new D3R-preferential ligands with improved physicochemical properties should provide a better pharmacokinetic/bioavailability profile and lesser toxicity than is found with existing D3R ligands. It is also essential to optimize D3R affinity and, especially, D3R vs. D2-type binding and functional selectivity ratios. Developing allosteric and bitopic ligands should help to improve the D3R selectivity of these drugs. As most evidence points to the ability of GPCRs to form homomers and heteromers, the most promising therapeutic strategy in the future is likely to involve the application of heteromer-selective drugs. These selective ligands would display different affinities for a given receptor depending on the receptor partners within the heteromer. Therefore, designing novel compounds that specifically target and modulate D1R-D3R heteromers would be an interesting approach for the treatment of levodopa (L-DOPA)-induced dyskinesias.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antoni Cortés
- a Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED) , Spain.,b Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine, Faculty of Biology, Institute of Biomedicine of the University of Barcelona (IBUB) , University of Barcelona , Barcelona , Spain
| | - Estefanía Moreno
- a Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED) , Spain.,b Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine, Faculty of Biology, Institute of Biomedicine of the University of Barcelona (IBUB) , University of Barcelona , Barcelona , Spain
| | - Mar Rodríguez-Ruiz
- a Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED) , Spain.,b Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine, Faculty of Biology, Institute of Biomedicine of the University of Barcelona (IBUB) , University of Barcelona , Barcelona , Spain
| | - Enric I Canela
- a Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED) , Spain.,b Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine, Faculty of Biology, Institute of Biomedicine of the University of Barcelona (IBUB) , University of Barcelona , Barcelona , Spain
| | - Vicent Casadó
- a Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED) , Spain.,b Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine, Faculty of Biology, Institute of Biomedicine of the University of Barcelona (IBUB) , University of Barcelona , Barcelona , Spain
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37
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Zou MF, Keck TM, Kumar V, Donthamsetti P, Michino M, Burzynski C, Schweppe C, Bonifazi A, Free RB, Sibley DR, Janowsky A, Shi L, Javitch JA, Newman AH. Novel Analogues of (R)-5-(Methylamino)-5,6-dihydro-4H-imidazo[4,5,1-ij]quinolin-2(1H)-one (Sumanirole) Provide Clues to Dopamine D2/D3 Receptor Agonist Selectivity. J Med Chem 2016; 59:2973-88. [PMID: 27035329 PMCID: PMC4915350 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.5b01612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Novel 1-, 5-, and 8-substituted analogues of sumanirole (1), a dopamine D2/D3 receptor (D2R/D3R) agonist, were synthesized. Binding affinities at both D2R and D3R were higher when determined in competition with the agonist radioligand [(3)H]7-hydroxy-N,N-dipropyl-2-aminotetralin (7-OH-DPAT) than with the antagonist radioligand [(3)H]N-methylspiperone. Although 1 was confirmed as a D2R-preferential agonist, its selectivity in binding and functional studies was lower than previously reported. All analogues were determined to be D2R/D3R agonists in both GoBRET and mitogenesis functional assays. Loss of efficacy was detected for the N-1-substituted analogues at D3R. In contrast, the N-5-alkyl-substituted analogues, and notably the n-butyl-arylamides (22b and 22c), all showed improved affinity at D2R over 1 with neither a loss of efficacy nor an increase in selectivity. Computational modeling provided a structural basis for the D2R selectivity of 1, illustrating how subtle differences in the highly homologous orthosteric binding site (OBS) differentially affect D2R/D3R affinity and functional efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Prashant Donthamsetti
- Departments of Psychiatry and Pharmacology, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons , New York, New York 10027, United States.,Division of Molecular Therapeutics, New York State Psychiatric Institute , New York, New York 10032, United States
| | | | | | | | | | - R Benjamin Free
- Molecular Neuropharmacology Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health , 5625 Fishers Lane, Room 4S-04, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-9405, United States
| | - David R Sibley
- Molecular Neuropharmacology Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health , 5625 Fishers Lane, Room 4S-04, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-9405, United States
| | - Aaron Janowsky
- Research & Development Service, Veterans Affairs Portland Health Care System , Portland, Oregon 97239, United States.,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, School of Medicine and Methamphetamine Abuse Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University , Portland, Oregon 97239, United States
| | - Lei Shi
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics and the Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Weill Medical College of Cornell University , New York, New York 10065, United States
| | - Jonathan A Javitch
- Departments of Psychiatry and Pharmacology, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons , New York, New York 10027, United States.,Division of Molecular Therapeutics, New York State Psychiatric Institute , New York, New York 10032, United States
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38
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Michino M, Free RB, Doyle TB, Sibley DR, Shi L. Structural basis for Na(+)-sensitivity in dopamine D2 and D3 receptors. Chem Commun (Camb) 2016; 51:8618-21. [PMID: 25896577 DOI: 10.1039/c5cc02204e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
To understand the structural basis for the Na(+)-sensitivity of ligand binding to dopamine D2-like receptors, using computational analysis in combination with binding assays, we identified interactions critical in propagating the impact of Na(+) on receptor conformations and on the ligand-binding site. Our findings expand the pharmacologically-relevant conformational spectrum of these receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayako Michino
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY, USA.
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39
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Mistry SN, Shonberg J, Draper-Joyce CJ, Herenbrink CK, Michino M, Shi L, Christopoulos A, Capuano B, Scammells PJ, Lane JR. Discovery of a Novel Class of Negative Allosteric Modulator of the Dopamine D2 Receptor Through Fragmentation of a Bitopic Ligand. J Med Chem 2015; 58:6819-43. [PMID: 26258690 PMCID: PMC10823399 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.5b00585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Recently, we have demonstrated that N-((trans)-4-(2-(7-cyano-3,4-dihydroisoquinolin-2(1H)-yl)ethyl)cyclohexyl)-1H-indole-2-carboxamide (SB269652) (1) adopts a bitopic pose at one protomer of a dopamine D2 receptor (D2R) dimer to negatively modulate the binding of dopamine at the other protomer. The 1H-indole-2-carboxamide moiety of 1 extends into a secondary pocket between the extracellular ends of TM2 and TM7 within the D2R protomer. To target this putative allosteric site, we generated and characterized fragments that include and extend from the 1H-indole-2-carboxamide moiety of 1. N-Isopropyl-1H-indole-2-carboxamide (3) displayed allosteric pharmacology and sensitivity to mutations of the same residues at the top of TM2 as was observed for 1. Using 3 as an "allosteric lead", we designed and synthesized an extensive fragment library to generate novel SAR and identify N-butyl-1H-indole-2-carboxamide (11d), which displayed both increased negative cooperativity and affinity for the D2R. These data illustrate that fragmentation of extended compounds can expose fragments with purely allosteric pharmacology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shailesh N. Mistry
- Medicinal Chemistry, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville 3052, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jeremy Shonberg
- Medicinal Chemistry, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville 3052, Victoria, Australia
| | - Christopher J. Draper-Joyce
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville 3052, Victoria, Australia
| | - Carmen Klein Herenbrink
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville 3052, Victoria, Australia
| | - Mayako Michino
- Computational Chemistry and Molecular Biophysics Unit, National Institute on Drug Abuse – Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Lei Shi
- Computational Chemistry and Molecular Biophysics Unit, National Institute on Drug Abuse – Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY, USA
- Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Arthur Christopoulos
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville 3052, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ben Capuano
- Medicinal Chemistry, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville 3052, Victoria, Australia
| | - Peter J. Scammells
- Medicinal Chemistry, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville 3052, Victoria, Australia
| | - J. Robert Lane
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville 3052, Victoria, Australia
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40
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Cao Y, Paudel S, Zhang X, Kim KM, Cheon SH. Synthesis and evaluation of arylpiperazine-reverse amides as biased dopamine D3 receptor ligands. Bioorg Med Chem 2015; 23:5264-72. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2015.07.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2015] [Revised: 07/30/2015] [Accepted: 07/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Furman CA, Roof RA, Moritz AE, Miller BN, Doyle TB, Free RB, Banala AK, Paul NM, Kumar V, Sibley CD, Newman AH, Sibley DR. Investigation of the binding and functional properties of extended length D3 dopamine receptor-selective antagonists. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 2015; 25:1448-61. [PMID: 25583363 PMCID: PMC4449328 DOI: 10.1016/j.euroneuro.2014.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2014] [Revised: 11/05/2014] [Accepted: 11/20/2014] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The D3 dopamine receptor represents an important target in drug addiction in that reducing receptor activity may attenuate the self-administration of drugs and/or disrupt drug or cue-induced relapse. Medicinal chemistry efforts have led to the development of D3 preferring antagonists and partial agonists that are >100-fold selective vs. the closely related D2 receptor, as best exemplified by extended-length 4-phenylpiperazine derivatives. Based on the D3 receptor crystal structure, these molecules are known to dock to two sites on the receptor where the 4-phenylpiperazine moiety binds to the orthosteric site and an extended aryl amide moiety docks to a secondary binding pocket. The bivalent nature of the receptor binding of these compounds is believed to contribute to their D3 selectivity. In this study, we examined if such compounds might also be "bitopic" such that their aryl amide moieties act as allosteric modulators to further enhance the affinities of the full-length molecules for the receptor. First, we deconstructed several extended-length D3-selective ligands into fragments, termed "synthons", representing either orthosteric or secondary aryl amide pharmacophores and investigated their effects on D3 receptor binding and function. The orthosteric synthons were found to inhibit radioligand binding and to antagonize dopamine activation of the D3 receptor, albeit with lower affinities than the full-length compounds. Notably, the aryl amide-based synthons had no effect on the affinities or potencies of the orthosteric synthons, nor did they have any effect on receptor activation by dopamine. Additionally, pharmacological investigation of the full-length D3-selective antagonists revealed that these compounds interacted with the D3 receptor in a purely competitive manner. Our data further support that the 4-phenylpiperazine D3-selective antagonists are bivalent and that their enhanced affinity for the D3 receptor is due to binding at both the orthosteric site as well as a secondary binding pocket. Importantly, however, their interactions at the secondary site do not allosterically modulate their binding to the orthosteric site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheryse A Furman
- Molecular Neuropharmacology Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Rebecca A Roof
- Molecular Neuropharmacology Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Amy E Moritz
- Molecular Neuropharmacology Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Brittney N Miller
- Molecular Neuropharmacology Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Trevor B Doyle
- Molecular Neuropharmacology Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - R Benjamin Free
- Molecular Neuropharmacology Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Ashwini K Banala
- Medicinal Chemistry Section, Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Noel M Paul
- Medicinal Chemistry Section, Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Vivek Kumar
- Medicinal Chemistry Section, Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Christopher D Sibley
- Medicinal Chemistry Section, Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Amy Hauck Newman
- Medicinal Chemistry Section, Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| | - David R Sibley
- Molecular Neuropharmacology Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
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Kassel S, Schwed JS, Stark H. Dopamine D3 receptor agonists as pharmacological tools. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 2015; 25:1480-99. [PMID: 25498414 DOI: 10.1016/j.euroneuro.2014.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2014] [Revised: 09/23/2014] [Accepted: 11/04/2014] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Dysregulation of the dopaminergic innervation in the central nervous system plays a key role in different neurological disorders like Parkinson´s disease, restless legs syndrome, schizophrenia etc. Although dopamine D3 receptors have been recognized as an important target in these diseases, their full pharmacological properties need further investigations. With focus on dopamine D3 receptor full agonists, this review has divided the ergoline and non-ergoline ligands in dissimilar chemical subclasses describing their pharmacodynamic properties on different related receptors, on species differences and their functional properties on different signaling mechanism. This is combined with a short description of structure-activity relationships for each class. Therefore, this overview should support the rational choice for the optimal compound selection based on affinity, selectivity and efficacy data in biochemical and pharmacological studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Kassel
- Heinrich-Heine-University, Universitaetsstr. 1, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - J S Schwed
- Heinrich-Heine-University, Universitaetsstr. 1, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - H Stark
- Heinrich-Heine-University, Universitaetsstr. 1, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany.
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Boateng CA, Bakare OM, Zhan J, Banala AK, Burzynski C, Pommier E, Keck TM, Donthamsetti P, Javitch JA, Rais R, Slusher BS, Xi ZX, Newman AH. High Affinity Dopamine D3 Receptor (D3R)-Selective Antagonists Attenuate Heroin Self-Administration in Wild-Type but not D3R Knockout Mice. J Med Chem 2015. [PMID: 26203768 PMCID: PMC4937837 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.5b00776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
![]()
The
dopamine D3 receptor (D3R) is a promising
target for the development of pharmacotherapeutics to treat substance
use disorders. Several D3R-selective antagonists are effective
in animal models of drug abuse, especially in models of relapse. Nevertheless,
poor bioavailability, metabolic instability, and/or predicted toxicity
have impeded success in translating these drug candidates to clinical
use. Herein, we report a series of D3R-selective 4-phenylpiperazines
with improved metabolic stability. A subset of these compounds was
evaluated for D3R functional efficacy and off-target binding
at selected 5-HT receptor subtypes, where significant overlap in SAR
with D3R has been observed. Several high affinity D3R antagonists, including compounds 16 (Ki = 0.12 nM) and 32 (Ki = 0.35 nM), showed improved metabolic stability
compared to the parent compound, PG648 (6). Notably, 16 and the classic D3R antagonist SB277011A (2) were effective in reducing self-administration of heroin
in wild-type but not D3R knockout mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Comfort A Boateng
- †Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse- Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, United States
| | - Oluyomi M Bakare
- †Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse- Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, United States
| | - Jia Zhan
- †Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse- Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, United States
| | - Ashwini K Banala
- †Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse- Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, United States
| | - Caitlin Burzynski
- †Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse- Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, United States
| | - Elie Pommier
- †Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse- Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, United States
| | - Thomas M Keck
- †Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse- Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, United States
| | - Prashant Donthamsetti
- ∥Departments of Psychiatry and Pharmacology, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, and Division of Molecular Therapeutics, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, New York 10032, United States
| | - Jonathan A Javitch
- ∥Departments of Psychiatry and Pharmacology, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, and Division of Molecular Therapeutics, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, New York 10032, United States
| | - Rana Rais
- §Department of Neurology, Brain Science Institute, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 855 North Wolfe Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, United States
| | - Barbara S Slusher
- §Department of Neurology, Brain Science Institute, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 855 North Wolfe Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, United States
| | - Zheng-Xiong Xi
- †Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse- Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, United States
| | - Amy Hauck Newman
- †Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse- Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, United States
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Michino M, Beuming T, Donthamsetti P, Newman AH, Javitch JA, Shi L. What can crystal structures of aminergic receptors tell us about designing subtype-selective ligands? Pharmacol Rev 2015; 67:198-213. [PMID: 25527701 DOI: 10.1124/pr.114.009944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are integral membrane proteins that represent an important class of drug targets. In particular, aminergic GPCRs interact with a significant portion of drugs currently on the market. However, most drugs that target these receptors are associated with undesirable side effects, which are due in part to promiscuous interactions with close homologs of the intended target receptors. Here, based on a systematic analysis of all 37 of the currently available high-resolution crystal structures of aminergic GPCRs, we review structural elements that contribute to and can be exploited for designing subtype-selective compounds. We describe the roles of secondary binding pockets (SBPs), as well as differences in ligand entry pathways to the orthosteric binding site, in determining selectivity. In addition, using the available crystal structures, we have identified conformational changes in the SBPs that are associated with receptor activation and explore the implications of these changes for the rational development of selective ligands with tailored efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayako Michino
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics and Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, New York (M.M., L.S.); Schrödinger Inc., New York, New York (T.B.); Departments of Psychiatry and Pharmacology, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, and Division of Molecular Therapeutics, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, New York (P.D., J.A.J.); and Medicinal Chemistry Section, Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse-Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, Maryland (A.H.N.)
| | - Thijs Beuming
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics and Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, New York (M.M., L.S.); Schrödinger Inc., New York, New York (T.B.); Departments of Psychiatry and Pharmacology, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, and Division of Molecular Therapeutics, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, New York (P.D., J.A.J.); and Medicinal Chemistry Section, Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse-Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, Maryland (A.H.N.)
| | - Prashant Donthamsetti
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics and Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, New York (M.M., L.S.); Schrödinger Inc., New York, New York (T.B.); Departments of Psychiatry and Pharmacology, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, and Division of Molecular Therapeutics, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, New York (P.D., J.A.J.); and Medicinal Chemistry Section, Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse-Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, Maryland (A.H.N.)
| | - Amy Hauck Newman
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics and Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, New York (M.M., L.S.); Schrödinger Inc., New York, New York (T.B.); Departments of Psychiatry and Pharmacology, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, and Division of Molecular Therapeutics, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, New York (P.D., J.A.J.); and Medicinal Chemistry Section, Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse-Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, Maryland (A.H.N.)
| | - Jonathan A Javitch
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics and Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, New York (M.M., L.S.); Schrödinger Inc., New York, New York (T.B.); Departments of Psychiatry and Pharmacology, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, and Division of Molecular Therapeutics, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, New York (P.D., J.A.J.); and Medicinal Chemistry Section, Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse-Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, Maryland (A.H.N.)
| | - Lei Shi
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics and Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, New York (M.M., L.S.); Schrödinger Inc., New York, New York (T.B.); Departments of Psychiatry and Pharmacology, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, and Division of Molecular Therapeutics, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, New York (P.D., J.A.J.); and Medicinal Chemistry Section, Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse-Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, Maryland (A.H.N.)
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45
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Keck TM, John WS, Czoty PW, Nader MA, Newman AH. Identifying Medication Targets for Psychostimulant Addiction: Unraveling the Dopamine D3 Receptor Hypothesis. J Med Chem 2015; 58:5361-80. [PMID: 25826710 PMCID: PMC4516313 DOI: 10.1021/jm501512b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The dopamine D3 receptor (D3R) is a target for developing medications to treat substance use disorders. D3R-selective compounds with high affinity and varying efficacies have been discovered, providing critical research tools for cell-based studies that have been translated to in vivo models of drug abuse. D3R antagonists and partial agonists have shown especially promising results in rodent models of relapse-like behavior, including stress-, drug-, and cue-induced reinstatement of drug seeking. However, to date, translation to human studies has been limited. Herein, we present an overview and illustrate some of the pitfalls and challenges of developing novel D3R-selective compounds toward clinical utility, especially for treatment of cocaine abuse. Future research and development of D3R-selective antagonists and partial agonists for substance abuse remains critically important but will also require further evaluation and development of translational animal models to determine the best time in the addiction cycle to target D3Rs for optimal therapeutic efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas M Keck
- †Medicinal Chemistry Section, Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse-Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, United States
| | - William S John
- §Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27157-1083, United States
| | - Paul W Czoty
- §Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27157-1083, United States
| | - Michael A Nader
- §Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27157-1083, United States
| | - Amy Hauck Newman
- †Medicinal Chemistry Section, Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse-Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, United States
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46
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Hounsou C, Margathe JF, Oueslati N, Belhocine A, Dupuis E, Thomas C, Mann A, Ilien B, Rognan D, Trinquet E, Hibert M, Pin JP, Bonnet D, Durroux T. Time-resolved FRET binding assay to investigate hetero-oligomer binding properties: proof of concept with dopamine D1/D3 heterodimer. ACS Chem Biol 2015; 10:466-74. [PMID: 25350273 DOI: 10.1021/cb5007568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) have been described to form hetero-oligomers. The importance of these complexes in physiology and pathology is considered crucial, and heterodimers represent promising new targets to discover innovative therapeutics. However, there is a lack of binding assays to allow the evaluation of ligand affinity for GPCR hetero-oligomers. Using dopamine receptors and more specifically the D1 and D3 receptors as GPCR models, we developed a new time-resolved FRET (TR-FRET) based assay to determine ligand affinity for the D1/D3 heteromer. Based on the high-resolution structure of the dopamine D3 receptor (D3R), six fluorescent probes derived from a known D3R partial agonist (BP 897) were designed, synthesized and evaluated as high affinity and selective ligands for the D3/D2 receptors, and for other dopamine receptor subtypes. The highest affinity ligand 21 was then employed in the development of the D1/D3 heteromer assay. The TR-FRET was monitored between a fluorescent tag donor carried by the D1 receptor (D1R) and a fluorescent acceptor D3R ligand 21. The newly reported assay, easy to implement on other G protein-coupled receptors, constitutes an attractive strategy to screen for heteromer ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Candide Hounsou
- CNRS UMR 5203, and INSERM U661, and Université Montpellier I et II, Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle, Département de Pharmacologie Moléculaire, 141 rue de la Cardonille, 34094 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - Jean-François Margathe
- Laboratoire d’Innovation
Thérapeutique, UMR7200 CNRS/Université de Strasbourg,
Labex MEDALIS, Faculté de Pharmacie, 74 route du Rhin, 67412 Illkirch, France
| | - Nadia Oueslati
- CNRS UMR 5203, and INSERM U661, and Université Montpellier I et II, Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle, Département de Pharmacologie Moléculaire, 141 rue de la Cardonille, 34094 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - Abderazak Belhocine
- CNRS UMR 5203, and INSERM U661, and Université Montpellier I et II, Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle, Département de Pharmacologie Moléculaire, 141 rue de la Cardonille, 34094 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - Elodie Dupuis
- Cisbio Bioassays,
Parc Marcel Boiteux, BP84175, 30200 Codolet, France
| | - Cécile Thomas
- Laboratoire d’Innovation
Thérapeutique, UMR7200 CNRS/Université de Strasbourg,
Labex MEDALIS, Faculté de Pharmacie, 74 route du Rhin, 67412 Illkirch, France
| | - André Mann
- Laboratoire d’Innovation
Thérapeutique, UMR7200 CNRS/Université de Strasbourg,
Labex MEDALIS, Faculté de Pharmacie, 74 route du Rhin, 67412 Illkirch, France
| | - Brigitte Ilien
- Unité Biotechnologie
et Signalisation Cellulaire, UMR 7242 CNRS/Université de Strasbourg,
Labex MEDALIS, Ecole Supérieure de Biotechnologie de Strasbourg, 300 Bvd S. Brant, 67412 Illkirch, France
| | - Didier Rognan
- Laboratoire d’Innovation
Thérapeutique, UMR7200 CNRS/Université de Strasbourg,
Labex MEDALIS, Faculté de Pharmacie, 74 route du Rhin, 67412 Illkirch, France
| | - Eric Trinquet
- Cisbio Bioassays,
Parc Marcel Boiteux, BP84175, 30200 Codolet, France
| | - Marcel Hibert
- Laboratoire d’Innovation
Thérapeutique, UMR7200 CNRS/Université de Strasbourg,
Labex MEDALIS, Faculté de Pharmacie, 74 route du Rhin, 67412 Illkirch, France
| | - Jean-Philippe Pin
- CNRS UMR 5203, and INSERM U661, and Université Montpellier I et II, Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle, Département de Pharmacologie Moléculaire, 141 rue de la Cardonille, 34094 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - Dominique Bonnet
- Laboratoire d’Innovation
Thérapeutique, UMR7200 CNRS/Université de Strasbourg,
Labex MEDALIS, Faculté de Pharmacie, 74 route du Rhin, 67412 Illkirch, France
| | - Thierry Durroux
- CNRS UMR 5203, and INSERM U661, and Université Montpellier I et II, Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle, Département de Pharmacologie Moléculaire, 141 rue de la Cardonille, 34094 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
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47
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Keck TM, Banala AK, Slack RD, Burzynski C, Bonifazi A, Okunola-Bakare OM, Moore M, Deschamps JR, Rais R, Slusher BS, Newman AH. Using click chemistry toward novel 1,2,3-triazole-linked dopamine D3 receptor ligands. Bioorg Med Chem 2015; 23:4000-12. [PMID: 25650314 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2015.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2014] [Revised: 12/23/2014] [Accepted: 01/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The dopamine D3 receptor (D3R) is a target of pharmacotherapeutic interest in a variety of neurological disorders including schizophrenia, Parkinson's disease, restless leg syndrome, and drug addiction. A common molecular template used in the development of D3R-selective antagonists and partial agonists incorporates a butylamide linker between two pharmacophores, a phenylpiperazine moiety and an extended aryl ring system. The series of compounds described herein incorporates a change to that chemical template, replacing the amide functional group in the linker chain with a 1,2,3-triazole group. Although the amide linker in the 4-phenylpiperazine class of D3R ligands has been previously deemed critical for high D3R affinity and selectivity, the 1,2,3-triazole moiety serves as a suitable bioisosteric replacement and maintains desired D3R-binding functionality of the compounds. Additionally, using mouse liver microsomes to evaluate CYP450-mediated phase I metabolism, we determined that novel 1,2,3-triazole-containing compounds modestly improves metabolic stability compared to amide-containing analogues. The 1,2,3-triazole moiety allows for the modular attachment of chemical subunit libraries using copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition click chemistry, increasing the range of chemical entities that can be designed, synthesized, and developed toward D3R-selective therapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas M Keck
- Medicinal Chemistry Section, Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse-Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, MD 21224, United States
| | - Ashwini K Banala
- Medicinal Chemistry Section, Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse-Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, MD 21224, United States
| | - Rachel D Slack
- Medicinal Chemistry Section, Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse-Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, MD 21224, United States
| | - Caitlin Burzynski
- Medicinal Chemistry Section, Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse-Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, MD 21224, United States
| | - Alessandro Bonifazi
- Medicinal Chemistry Section, Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse-Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, MD 21224, United States
| | - Oluyomi M Okunola-Bakare
- Medicinal Chemistry Section, Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse-Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, MD 21224, United States
| | - Martin Moore
- Naval Research Laboratory, Code 6930, 4555 Overlook Avenue, Washington, DC 20375, United States
| | - Jeffrey R Deschamps
- Naval Research Laboratory, Code 6930, 4555 Overlook Avenue, Washington, DC 20375, United States
| | - Rana Rais
- Brain Science Institute, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205 United States
| | - Barbara S Slusher
- Brain Science Institute, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205 United States; Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, United States
| | - Amy Hauck Newman
- Medicinal Chemistry Section, Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse-Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, MD 21224, United States.
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Keck TM, Burzynski C, Shi L, Newman AH. Beyond small-molecule SAR: using the dopamine D3 receptor crystal structure to guide drug design. ADVANCES IN PHARMACOLOGY 2014; 69:267-300. [PMID: 24484980 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-420118-7.00007-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The dopamine D3 receptor is a target of pharmacotherapeutic interest in a variety of neurological disorders including schizophrenia, restless leg syndrome, and drug addiction. The high protein sequence homology between the D3 and D2 receptors has posed a challenge to developing D3 receptor-selective ligands whose behavioral actions can be attributed to D3 receptor engagement, in vivo. However, through primarily small-molecule structure-activity relationship (SAR) studies, a variety of chemical scaffolds have been discovered over the past two decades that have resulted in several D3 receptor-selective ligands with high affinity and in vivo activity. Nevertheless, viable clinical candidates remain limited. The recent determination of the high-resolution crystal structure of the D3 receptor has invigorated structure-based drug design, providing refinements to the molecular dynamic models and testable predictions about receptor-ligand interactions. This chapter will highlight recent preclinical and clinical studies demonstrating potential utility of D3 receptor-selective ligands in the treatment of addiction. In addition, new structure-based rational drug design strategies for D3 receptor-selective ligands that complement traditional small-molecule SAR to improve the selectivity and directed efficacy profiles are examined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas M Keck
- Medicinal Chemistry Section, Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse-Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Caitlin Burzynski
- Medicinal Chemistry Section, Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse-Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Lei Shi
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics and Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, USA
| | - Amy Hauck Newman
- Medicinal Chemistry Section, Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse-Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
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Ananthan S, Saini SK, Zhou G, Hobrath JV, Padmalayam I, Zhai L, Bostwick JR, Antonio T, Reith MEA, McDowell S, Cho E, McAleer L, Taylor M, Luedtke RR. Design, synthesis, and structure-activity relationship studies of a series of [4-(4-carboxamidobutyl)]-1-arylpiperazines: insights into structural features contributing to dopamine D3 versus D2 receptor subtype selectivity. J Med Chem 2014; 57:7042-60. [PMID: 25126833 PMCID: PMC4148173 DOI: 10.1021/jm500801r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
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Antagonist and partial agonist modulators
of the dopamine D3 receptor
(D3R) have emerged as promising therapeutics for the treatment of
substance abuse and neuropsychiatric disorders. However, development
of druglike lead compounds with selectivity for the D3 receptor has
been challenging because of the high sequence homology between the
D3R and the dopamine D2 receptor (D2R). In this effort, we synthesized
a series of acylaminobutylpiperazines incorporating aza-aromatic units
and evaluated their binding and functional activities at the D3 and
D2 receptors. Docking studies and results from evaluations against
a set of chimeric and mutant receptors suggest that interactions at
the extracellular end of TM7 contribute to the D3R versus D2R selectivity
of these ligands. Molecular insights from this study could potentially
enable rational design of potent and selective D3R ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subramaniam Ananthan
- Organic Chemistry Department, Southern Research Institute , Birmingham, Alabama 35205, United States
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50
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A new mechanism of allostery in a G protein-coupled receptor dimer. Nat Chem Biol 2014; 10:745-52. [PMID: 25108820 PMCID: PMC4138267 DOI: 10.1038/nchembio.1593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2014] [Accepted: 06/26/2014] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
SB269652 (1) is the first drug-like allosteric modulator of the
dopamine D2 receptor (D2R), but contains structural features
associated with orthosteric D2R antagonists. Using a functional complementation
system to control the identity of individual protomers within a dimeric D2R
complex, we converted the pharmacology of the interaction between SB269652 and dopamine
from allosteric to competitive by impairing ligand binding to one of the protomers,
indicating that the allostery requires D2R dimers. Additional experiments
identified a “bitopic” pose for SB269652 extending from the orthosteric
site into a secondary pocket at the extracellular end of the transmembrane (TM) domain,
involving TM2 and TM7. Engagement of this secondary pocket was a requirement for the
allosteric pharmacology of SB269652. This suggests a novel mechanism whereby a bitopic
ligand binds in an extended pose on one G protein-coupled receptor protomer to
allosterically modulate the binding of a ligand to the orthosteric site of a second
protomer.
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