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Schustak J, Han H, Bond K, Huang Q, Saint-Geniez M, Bao Y. Phenotypic high-throughput screening identifies aryl hydrocarbon receptor agonism as common inhibitor of toxin-induced retinal pigment epithelium cell death. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0301239. [PMID: 38635505 PMCID: PMC11025755 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0301239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024] Open
Abstract
The retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) is essential to maintain retinal function, and RPE cell death represents a key pathogenic stage in the progression of several blinding ocular diseases, including age-related macular degeneration (AMD). To identify pathways and compounds able to prevent RPE cell death, we developed a phenotypic screening pipeline utilizing a compound library and high-throughput screening compatible assays on the human RPE cell line, ARPE-19, in response to different disease relevant cytotoxic stimuli. We show that the metabolic by-product of the visual cycle all-trans-retinal (atRAL) induces RPE apoptosis, while the lipid peroxidation by-product 4-hydroxynonenal (4-HNE) promotes necrotic cell death. Using these distinct stimuli for screening, we identified agonists of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) as a consensus target able to prevent both atRAL mediated apoptosis and 4-HNE-induced necrotic cell death. This works serves as a framework for future studies dedicated to screening for inhibitors of cell death, as well as support for the discussion of AhR agonism in RPE pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua Schustak
- Department of Ophthalmology, BioMedical Research, Novartis, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Hongwei Han
- Department of Ophthalmology, BioMedical Research, Novartis, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Kyle Bond
- Department of Ophthalmology, BioMedical Research, Novartis, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Qian Huang
- Department of Ophthalmology, BioMedical Research, Novartis, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Magali Saint-Geniez
- Department of Ophthalmology, BioMedical Research, Novartis, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Yi Bao
- Department of Ophthalmology, BioMedical Research, Novartis, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
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2
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Pacheco JHL, Elizondo G. Interplay between Estrogen, Kynurenine, and AHR Pathways: An immunosuppressive axis with therapeutic potential for breast cancer treatment. Biochem Pharmacol 2023; 217:115804. [PMID: 37716620 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2023.115804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Revised: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/18/2023]
Abstract
Breast cancer is one of the most common malignancies among women worldwide. Estrogen exposure via endogenous and exogenous sources during a lifetime, together with environmental exposure to estrogenic compounds, represent the most significant risk factor for breast cancer development. As breast tumors establish, multiple pathways are deregulated. Among them is the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) signaling pathway. AHR, a ligand-activated transcription factor associated with the metabolism of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and estrogens, is overexpressed in breast cancer. Furthermore, AHR and estrogen receptor (ER) cross-talk pathways have been observed. Additionally, the Tryptophan (Trp) catabolizing enzymes indolamine-2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) and tryptophan-2,3-dioxygenase (TDO) are overexpressed in breast cancer. IDO/TDO catalyzes the formation of Kynurenine (KYN) and other tryptophan-derived metabolites, which are ligands of AHR. Once KYN activates AHR, it stimulates the expression of the IDO enzyme, increases the level of KYN, and activates non-canonical pathways to control inflammation and immunosuppression in breast tumors. The interplay between E2, AHR, and IDO/TDO/KYN pathways and their impact on the immune system represents an immunosuppressive axis on breast cancer. The potential modulation of the immunosuppressive E2-AHR-IDO/TDO/KYN axis has aroused great expectations in oncotherapy. The present article will review the mechanisms implicated in generating the immunosuppressive axis E2-AHR-IDO/TDO/KYN in breast cancer and the current state of knowledge as a potential therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Guillermo Elizondo
- Departamento de Biología Celular, CINVESTAV-IPN, Av. IPN 2508, C.P. 07360 Ciudad de México, México.
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3
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The Role of the Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor (AhR) and Its Ligands in Breast Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14225574. [PMID: 36428667 PMCID: PMC9688153 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14225574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Revised: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is a complex disease which is defined by numerous cellular and molecular markers that can be used to develop more targeted and successful therapies. The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) is overexpressed in many breast tumor sub-types, including estrogen receptor -positive (ER+) tumors; however, the prognostic value of the AhR for breast cancer patient survival is not consistent between studies. Moreover, the functional role of the AhR in various breast cancer cell lines is also variable and exhibits both tumor promoter- and tumor suppressor- like activity and the AhR is expressed in both ER-positive and ER-negative cells/tumors. There is strong evidence demonstrating inhibitory AhR-Rα crosstalk where various AhR ligands induce ER degradation. It has also been reported that different structural classes of AhR ligands, including halogenated aromatics, polynuclear aromatics, synthetic drugs and other pharmaceuticals, health promoting phytochemical-derived natural products and endogenous AhR-active compounds inhibit one or more of breast cancer cell proliferation, survival, migration/invasion, and metastasis. AhR-dependent mechanisms for the inhibition of breast cancer by AhR agonists are variable and include the downregulation of multiple genes/gene products such as CXCR4, MMPs, CXCL12, SOX4 and the modulation of microRNA levels. Some AhR ligands, such as aminoflavone, have been investigated in clinical trials for their anticancer activity against breast cancer. In contrast, several publications have reported that AhR agonists and antagonists enhance and inhibit mammary carcinogenesis, respectively, and differences between the anticancer activities of AhR agonists in breast cancer may be due in part to cell context and ligand structure. However, there are reports showing that the same AhR ligand in the same breast cancer cell line gives opposite results. These differences need to be resolved in order to further develop and take advantage of promising agents that inhibit mammary carcinogenesis by targeting the AhR.
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Bolakatti G, Palkar M, Katagi M, Hampannavar G, Karpoormath RV, Ninganagouda S, Badiger A. Novel series of benzo[d]thiazolyl substituted-2-quinolone hybrids: Design, synthesis, biological evaluation and in-silico insights. J Mol Struct 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2020.129413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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6
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Studentsov EP, Golovina AA, Krasikova RN, Orlovskaja VV, Vaulina DD, Krutikov VI, Ramsh SM. 2-Arylbenzothiazoles: Advances in Anti-Cancer and Diagnostic
Pharmaceuticals Discovery. RUSS J GEN CHEM+ 2021. [DOI: 10.1134/s1070363221010011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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7
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Djuidje EN, Sciabica S, Buzzi R, Dissette V, Balzarini J, Liekens S, Serra E, Andreotti E, Manfredini S, Vertuani S, Baldisserotto A. Design, synthesis and evaluation of benzothiazole derivatives as multifunctional agents. Bioorg Chem 2020; 101:103960. [PMID: 32559579 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2020.103960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2019] [Revised: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress is the product or aetiology of various multifactorial diseases; on the other hand, the development of multifunctional compounds is a recognized strategy for the control of complex diseases. To this end, a series of benzothiazole derivatives was synthesized and evaluated for their multifunctional effectiveness as antioxidant, sunscreen (filter), antifungal and antiproliferative agents. Compounds were easily synthesized via condensation reaction between 2-aminothiophenols and different benzaldehydes. SAR study, particularly in position 2 and 6 of benzothiazoles, led to the identification of 4g and 4k as very interesting potential compounds for the design of multifunctional drugs. In particular, compound 4g is the best blocker of hERG potassium channels expressed in HEK 293 cells exhibiting 60.32% inhibition with IC50 = 4.79 μM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ernestine Nicaise Djuidje
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Master Course in Cosmetic Science and Technologies, University of Ferrara, via L. Borsari 46, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Sabrina Sciabica
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Ferrara, via F. di Mortara 17-19, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Raissa Buzzi
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Master Course in Cosmetic Science and Technologies, University of Ferrara, via L. Borsari 46, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Valeria Dissette
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Master Course in Cosmetic Science and Technologies, University of Ferrara, via L. Borsari 46, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Jan Balzarini
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, KU Leuven, University of Leuven, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, Leuven B-3000, Belgium
| | - Sandra Liekens
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, KU Leuven, University of Leuven, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, Leuven B-3000, Belgium
| | - Elena Serra
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Master Course in Cosmetic Science and Technologies, University of Ferrara, via L. Borsari 46, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; Aptuit, An Evotec Company, Via A. Fleming 4, 37135 Verona, Italy
| | - Elisa Andreotti
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via Giuseppe Campi 287, 41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Stefano Manfredini
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Master Course in Cosmetic Science and Technologies, University of Ferrara, via L. Borsari 46, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Silvia Vertuani
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Master Course in Cosmetic Science and Technologies, University of Ferrara, via L. Borsari 46, 44121 Ferrara, Italy.
| | - Anna Baldisserotto
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Master Course in Cosmetic Science and Technologies, University of Ferrara, via L. Borsari 46, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
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8
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Itkin B, Breen A, Turyanska L, Sandes EO, Bradshaw TD, Loaiza-Perez AI. New Treatments in Renal Cancer: The AhR Ligands. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E3551. [PMID: 32443455 PMCID: PMC7279047 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21103551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Revised: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Kidney cancer rapidly acquires resistance to antiangiogenic agents, such as sunitinib, developing an aggressive migratory phenotype (facilitated by c-Metsignal transduction). The Aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) has recently been postulated as a molecular target for cancer treatment. Currently, there are two antitumor agent AhR ligands, with activity against renal cancer, that have been tested clinically: aminoflavone (AFP 464, NSC710464) and the benzothiazole (5F 203) prodrug Phortress. Our studies investigated the action of AFP 464, the aminoflavone pro-drug currently used in clinical trials, and 5F 203 on renal cancer cells, specifically examining their effects on cell cycle progression, apoptosis and cell migration. Both compounds caused cell cycle arrest and apoptosis but only 5F 203 potently inhibited the migration of TK-10, Caki-1 and SN12C cells as well as the migration signal transduction cascade, involving c-Met signaling, in TK-10 cells. Current investigations are focused on the development of nano-delivery vehicles, apoferritin-encapsulated benzothiazoles 5F 203 and GW610, for the treatment of renal cancer. These compounds have shown improved antitumor effects against TK-10 cells in vitro at lower concentrations compared with a naked agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boris Itkin
- Department of Oncology, Hospital General de Agudos Juan Fernandez, C1425 CABA Buenos Aires, Argentina;
| | - Alastair Breen
- School of Pharmacy, Centre for Biomolecular Sciences, The University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG72RD, Nottinghamshire, UK; (A.B.); (T.D.B.)
| | - Lyudmila Turyanska
- Faculty of Engineering, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG72RD, Nottinghamshire, UK;
| | - Eduardo Omar Sandes
- Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Oncología Ángel H. Roffo (IOAHR), Universidad de Buenos Aires, Área Investigación, Av. San Martin 5481, C1417 DTB Buenos Aires, Argentina;
| | - Tracey D. Bradshaw
- School of Pharmacy, Centre for Biomolecular Sciences, The University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG72RD, Nottinghamshire, UK; (A.B.); (T.D.B.)
| | - Andrea Irene Loaiza-Perez
- Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Oncología Ángel H. Roffo (IOAHR), Universidad de Buenos Aires, Área Investigación, Av. San Martin 5481, C1417 DTB Buenos Aires, Argentina;
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9
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Rafieian-kopaei M, Hamedi A, Soleiman Dehkordi E, Pasdaran A, Pasdaran A. Phytochemical Investigation on Volatile Compositions and Methoxylated Flavonoids of Agrostis gigantea Roth. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL RESEARCH : IJPR 2020; 19:360-370. [PMID: 33224243 PMCID: PMC7667570 DOI: 10.22037/ijpr.2019.15209.12935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
In this study, methoxylated flavonoids and volatile constitutions of Agrostis gigantea Roth (Poaceae) were investigated for the first time. The flavonoids were identified by spectroscopic methods (1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, COSY, NOSEY, TCOSY, and HMBC). The volatile constitutions of aerial parts and seeds were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Two methoxylated flavonoids, luteolin 5-methyl ether (1), and cirsilineol (2) were isolated from the aerial parts of this plant. According to the GC-MS data the main constitutions of these volatile oils belong to the simple phenolic category which include coniferyl alcohol (18.80%) and eugenol (12.19%) in aerial parts and seeds, respectively. By using the computer- aided molecular modeling approaches, the binding affinity of these compounds was predicted in the catalytic domains of aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR). These two isolated flavonoids were investigated in-vitro for their inhibitory activity on 4T1 breast carcinoma cells. It was predicted that these compounds could be well-matched in aryl hydrocarbon receptor (3H82) active site, but based on the in-vitro assay, the IC50 values on cytotoxicity were 428.24 ±3.21 and 412.7±3.02 μg/mL for luteolin 5-methyl ether and cirsilineol, respectively. Thus, it can be concluded that these flavonoids exhibit low cytotoxicity against 4T1 breast carcinoma cell line.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud Rafieian-kopaei
- Medicinal Plants Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran.
| | - Azadeh Hamedi
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
- Medicinal Plants Processing Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
| | - Ebrahim Soleiman Dehkordi
- Medicinal Plants Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran.
| | - Arsalan Pasdaran
- Senior Researcher, Kara Daru & Revive Chemistry Co. Shiraz, Iran.
| | - Aradalan Pasdaran
- Medicinal Plants Processing Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
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10
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Wang Y, Liu Y, Tang T, Luo Y, Stevens MFG, Cheng X, Yang Y, Shi D, Zhang J, Bradshaw TD. The antitumour activity of 2-(4-amino-3-methylphenyl)-5-fluorobenzothiazole in human gastric cancer models is mediated by AhR signalling. J Cell Mol Med 2019; 24:1750-1759. [PMID: 31876059 PMCID: PMC6991636 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.14869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2019] [Revised: 11/11/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Stomach cancer is the fourth most common cancer worldwide. Identification of novel molecular therapeutic targets and development of novel treatments are critical. Against a panel of gastric carcinoma cell lines, the activity of 2‐(4‐amino‐3‐methylphenyl)‐5‐fluorobenzothiazole (5F 203) was investigated. Adopting RT‐PCR, Western blot and immunohistochemical techniques, we sought to determine molecular pharmacodynamic (PD) markers of sensitivity and investigate arylhydrocarbon (AhR) receptor‐mediated signal transduction activation by 5F 203. Potent (IC50 ≤ 0.09 μmol/L), selective (>250‐fold) in vitro antitumour activity was observed in MKN‐45 and AGS carcinoma cells. Exposure of MKN‐45 cells to 5F 203 triggered cytosolic AhR translocation to nuclei, inducing CYP1A1 (>50‐fold) and CYP2W1 (~20‐fold) transcription and protein (CYP1A1 and CYP2W1) expression. G2/M arrest and γH2AX expression preceded apoptosis, evidenced by PARP cleavage. In vivo, significant (P < .01) 5F 203 efficacy was observed against MKN‐45 and AGS xenografts. In mice‐bearing 5F 203‐sensitive MKN‐45 and 5F 203‐insensitive BGC‐823 tumours in opposite flanks, CYP1A1, CYP2W1 and γH2AX protein in MKN‐45 tumours only following treatment of mice with 5F 203 (5 mg/kg) revealed PD biomarkers of sensitivity. 5F 203 evokes potent, selective antitumour activity in vitro and in vivo in human gastric cancer models. It triggers AhR signal transduction, CYP‐catalysed bioactivation to electrophilic species causing lethal DNA double‐strand breaks exclusively in sensitive cells. 5F 203 represents a novel therapeutic agent with a mechanism of action distinct from current clinical drugs, exploiting novel molecular targets pertinent to gastric tumourigenesis: AhR, CYP1A1 and CYP2W1. PD markers of 5F 203 sensitivity that could guide patient selection have been identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuling Wang
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics of Aging and Tumor, Medical School, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Ying Liu
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics of Aging and Tumor, Medical School, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Tao Tang
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics of Aging and Tumor, Medical School, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Ying Luo
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics of Aging and Tumor, Medical School, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Malcolm F G Stevens
- School of Pharmacy, Centre for Biomolecular Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Xi Cheng
- Atom Bioscience and Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Zhenjiang, China
| | - Yan Yang
- Atom Bioscience and Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Zhenjiang, China
| | - Dongfang Shi
- Atom Bioscience and Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Zhenjiang, China
| | - Jihong Zhang
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics of Aging and Tumor, Medical School, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Tracey D Bradshaw
- School of Pharmacy, Centre for Biomolecular Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
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11
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Baker JR, Sakoff JA, McCluskey A. The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) as a breast cancer drug target. Med Res Rev 2019; 40:972-1001. [PMID: 31721255 DOI: 10.1002/med.21645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2019] [Revised: 10/04/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most common cancer in women, with more than 1.7 million diagnoses worldwide per annum. Metastatic breast cancer remains incurable, and the presence of triple-negative phenotypes makes targeted treatment impossible. The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR), most commonly associated with the metabolism of xenobiotic ligands, has emerged as a promising biological target for the treatment of this deadly disease. Ligands for the AhR can be classed as exogenous or endogenous and may have agonistic or antagonistic activity. It has been well reported that agonistic ligands may have potent and selective growth inhibition activity in a number of oncogenic cell lines, and one (aminoflavone) has progressed to phase I clinical trials for breast cancer sufferers. In this study, we examine the current state of the literature in this area and elucidate the promising advances that are being made in hijacking the cytosolic-to-nuclear pathway of the AhR for the possible future treatment of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer R Baker
- Chemistry, School of Environmental & Life Sciences, the University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
| | - Jennette A Sakoff
- Department of Medical Oncology, Calvary Mater Newcastle Hospital, Waratah, NSW, Australia
| | - Adam McCluskey
- Chemistry, School of Environmental & Life Sciences, the University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
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12
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Rahim A, Shaik SP, Baig MF, Alarifi A, Kamal A. Iodine mediated oxidative cross-coupling of unprotected anilines and heteroarylation of benzothiazoles with 2-methylquinoline. Org Biomol Chem 2019; 16:635-644. [PMID: 29303199 DOI: 10.1039/c7ob02241g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Iodine-promoted oxidative C-H/C-H cross-coupling of unprotected anilines and 2-methylquinoline to furnish C4-carbonylated aniline (4-aminophenyl)(quinoline-2-yl) methanones in moderate to good yields has been demonstrated. This work provides the first site-selective approach for the synthesis of free amino groups containing methanones including unprecedented C-H functionalization rather than the N-H functionalization of unprotected anilines via the Kornblum oxidation of 2-methylquinoline. Furthermore, we noticed that the incorporation of KOH under standard conditions provides 2-heteroarylbenzothiazoles from benzothiazoles and 2-methylquinoline in good to excellent yields. These transformations do not require any transition metals or peroxides and tolerate various functional groups such as methoxy, hydroxy, bromo, chloro and nitro groups. Moreover, a plausible mechanistic pathway is proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdul Rahim
- Medicinal Chemistry and Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (IICT), Hyderabad-500007, India.
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13
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Sakiyama R, Aoyama T, Akazawa H, Kikuchi N, Omura K, Ohsaki A, Yasukawa K, Iida T, Kodomari M. Solvent-Free Synthesis of 2-Alkylbenzothiazoles and Bile Acid Derivatives Containing Benzothiazole Ring by Using Active Carbon/Silica Gel and Microwave. J Oleo Sci 2018; 67:1209-1217. [PMID: 30305553 DOI: 10.5650/jos.ess18036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A highly efficient and simple method for the synthesis of 2-alkylbenzothiazoles through the condensation of 2-aminothiophenol and aliphatic aldehydes in the presence of active carbon/silica gel is described. The reaction proceeded under solvent-free and microwave irradiation to afford 2-alkylbenzothiazoles in high yields. This method was extended to the synthesis of bile acid derivatives containing a benzothiazole ring and obtained the desired products in high yields. The anti-inflammatory activity and cytotoxicity of the newly synthesized benzothiazole derivatives of bile acid were tested; the results showed that anti-inflammatory activities of all tested compounds tested were higher than that of standard drugs, such as indomethacin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryou Sakiyama
- Department of Chemistry, College of Humanities and Science, Nihon University
| | - Tadashi Aoyama
- Department of Materials and Applied Chemistry, College of Science and Technology, Nihon University
| | - Hiroyuki Akazawa
- Department of Biotechnology and Material Chemistry, Nihon University Junior College
| | - Naoki Kikuchi
- Department of Chemistry, College of Humanities and Science, Nihon University
| | - Kaoru Omura
- Department of Chemistry, College of Humanities and Science, Nihon University
| | - Ayumi Ohsaki
- Department of Chemistry, College of Humanities and Science, Nihon University
| | | | - Takashi Iida
- Department of Chemistry, College of Humanities and Science, Nihon University
| | - Mitsuo Kodomari
- Department of Chemistry, College of Humanities and Science, Nihon University
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Dadmal TL, Appalanaidu K, Kumbhare RM, Mondal T, Ramaiah MJ, Bhadra MP. Synthesis and biological evaluation of triazole and isoxazole-tagged benzothiazole/benzoxazole derivatives as potent cytotoxic agents. NEW J CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c8nj01249k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Cancer is a major health problem and the most upsetting disease in humans, leading to death in both developed and developing countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tulshiram L. Dadmal
- Fluoroorganic Division
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology
- Hyderabad 500007
- India
- Government of Maharashtra's
| | - K. Appalanaidu
- Fluoroorganic Division
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology
- Hyderabad 500007
- India
| | - Ravindra M. Kumbhare
- Fluoroorganic Division
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology
- Hyderabad 500007
- India
| | - Tanmoy Mondal
- Centre for Chemical Biology
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology
- Hyderabad
- India
| | - M. Janaki Ramaiah
- Centre for Chemical Biology
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology
- Hyderabad
- India
- School of Chemical and Biotechnology
| | - Manika Pal Bhadra
- Centre for Chemical Biology
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology
- Hyderabad
- India
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15
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Gilbert J, De Iuliis GN, Tarleton M, McCluskey A, Sakoff JA. ( Z)-2-(3,4-Dichlorophenyl)-3-(1 H-Pyrrol-2-yl)Acrylonitrile Exhibits Selective Antitumor Activity in Breast Cancer Cell Lines via the Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor Pathway. Mol Pharmacol 2017; 93:168-177. [PMID: 29269419 DOI: 10.1124/mol.117.109827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2017] [Accepted: 12/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
We have previously reported the synthesis and breast cancer selectivity of (Z)-2-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-3-(1H-pyrrol-2-yl)acrylonitrile (ANI-7) in cancer cell lines. To further evaluate the selectivity of ANI-7, we have expanded upon the initial cell line panel to now include the breast cancer cell lines (MCF7, MCF7/VP16, BT474, T47D, ZR-75-1, SKBR3, MDA-MB-468, BT20, MDA-MB-231); normal breast cells (MCF-10A); and cell lines derived from colon (HT29), ovarian (A2780), lung (H460), skin (A431), neuronal (BE2C), glial (U87, SJG2), and pancreatic (MIA) cancers. We now show that ANI-7 is up to 263-fold more potent at inhibiting the growth of breast cancer cell lines (MCF7, MCF7/VP16, BT474, T47D, ZR-75-1, SKBR3, MDA-MB-468) than normal breast cells (MCF-10A) or cell lines derived from other tumor types. Measures of growth inhibition, cell cycle analysis, morphologic assessment, Western blotting, receptor binding, gene expression, small interfering RNA technology, reporter activity, and enzyme inhibition assays were exploited to define the mechanism of action of ANI-7. In this work, we report that ANI-7 mediates its effects via the activation of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) pathway and the subsequent induction of CYP1-metabolizing mono-oxygenases. The metabolic conversion of ANI-7 induces DNA damage, checkpoint activation, S-phase cell cycle arrest, and cell death in sensitive breast cancer cell lines. Basal expression of AhR, the AhR nuclear translocator, and the CYP1 family members do not predict for sensitivity; however, inherent expression of the phase II-metabolizing enzyme sulfur transferase 1A1 does. For the first time, we identify (Z)-2-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-3-(1H-pyrrol-2-yl)acrylonitrile as a new AhR ligand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jayne Gilbert
- Experimental Therapeutics Group, Department of Medical Oncology, Calvary Mater Newcastle Hospital, Waratah, New South Wales, Australia (J.G., J.A.S.); and Priority Research Centre for Reproductive Science, Faculty of Science (G.N.D.I.), and Chemistry, School of Environmental and Life Sciences, Faculty of Science (M.T., A.M., J.A.S.), University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Geoffry N De Iuliis
- Experimental Therapeutics Group, Department of Medical Oncology, Calvary Mater Newcastle Hospital, Waratah, New South Wales, Australia (J.G., J.A.S.); and Priority Research Centre for Reproductive Science, Faculty of Science (G.N.D.I.), and Chemistry, School of Environmental and Life Sciences, Faculty of Science (M.T., A.M., J.A.S.), University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Mark Tarleton
- Experimental Therapeutics Group, Department of Medical Oncology, Calvary Mater Newcastle Hospital, Waratah, New South Wales, Australia (J.G., J.A.S.); and Priority Research Centre for Reproductive Science, Faculty of Science (G.N.D.I.), and Chemistry, School of Environmental and Life Sciences, Faculty of Science (M.T., A.M., J.A.S.), University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Adam McCluskey
- Experimental Therapeutics Group, Department of Medical Oncology, Calvary Mater Newcastle Hospital, Waratah, New South Wales, Australia (J.G., J.A.S.); and Priority Research Centre for Reproductive Science, Faculty of Science (G.N.D.I.), and Chemistry, School of Environmental and Life Sciences, Faculty of Science (M.T., A.M., J.A.S.), University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Jennette A Sakoff
- Experimental Therapeutics Group, Department of Medical Oncology, Calvary Mater Newcastle Hospital, Waratah, New South Wales, Australia (J.G., J.A.S.); and Priority Research Centre for Reproductive Science, Faculty of Science (G.N.D.I.), and Chemistry, School of Environmental and Life Sciences, Faculty of Science (M.T., A.M., J.A.S.), University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
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Luzzani GA, Callero MA, Kuruppu AI, Trapani V, Flumian C, Todaro L, Bradshaw TD, Loaiza Perez AI. In Vitro Antitumor Effects of AHR Ligands Aminoflavone (AFP 464) and Benzothiazole (5F 203) in Human Renal Carcinoma Cells. J Cell Biochem 2017; 118:4526-4535. [PMID: 28471540 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.26114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2017] [Accepted: 05/03/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
We investigated activity and mechanism of action of two AhR ligand antitumor agents, AFP 464 and 5F 203 on human renal cancer cells, specifically examining their effects on cell cycle progression, apoptosis, and migration. TK-10, SN12C, Caki-1, and ACHN human renal cancer cell lines were treated with AFP 464 and 5F 203. We evaluated cytotoxicity by MTS assays, cell cycle arrest, and apoptosis by flow cytometry and corroborated a mechanism of action involving AhR signal transduction activation. Changes in migration properties by wound healing assays were investigated: 5F 203-sensitive cells show decreased migration after treatment, therefore, we measured c-Met phosphorylation by Western blot in these cells. A 5F 203 induced a decrease in cell viability which was more marked than AFP 464. This cytotoxicity was reduced after treatment with the AhR inhibitor α-NF for both compounds indicating AhR signaling activation plays a role in the mechanism of action. A 5F 203 is sequestered by TK-10 cells and induces CYP1A1 expression; 5F 203 potently inhibited migration of TK-10, Caki-1, and SN12C cells, and inhibited c-Met receptor phosphorylation in TK-10 cells. AhR ligand antitumor agents AFP 464 and 5F 203 represent potential new candidates for the treatment of renal cancer. A 5F 203 only inhibited migration of sensitive cells and c-Met receptor phosphorylation in TK-10 cells. c-Met receptor signal transduction is important in migration and metastasis. Therefore, we consider that 5F 203 offers potential for the treatment of metastatic renal carcinoma. J. Cell. Biochem. 118: 4526-4535, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela A Luzzani
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Oncología "Ángel H. Roffo", Área Investigaciones, Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Mariana A Callero
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Oncología "Ángel H. Roffo", Área Investigaciones, Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina.,National Scientific Council (CONICET), Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | - Valentina Trapani
- Istituto di Patologia Generale, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Roma, Italia
| | - Carolina Flumian
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Oncología "Ángel H. Roffo", Área Investigaciones, Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Laura Todaro
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Oncología "Ángel H. Roffo", Área Investigaciones, Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina.,National Scientific Council (CONICET), Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | - Andrea I Loaiza Perez
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Oncología "Ángel H. Roffo", Área Investigaciones, Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina.,National Scientific Council (CONICET), Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
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17
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Mishra NK, Sharma S, Park J, Han S, Kim IS. Recent Advances in Catalytic C(sp2)–H Allylation Reactions. ACS Catal 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.7b00159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 201] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Neeraj Kumar Mishra
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, Republic of Korea
| | - Satyasheel Sharma
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, Republic of Korea
| | - Jihye Park
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, Republic of Korea
| | - Sangil Han
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, Republic of Korea
| | - In Su Kim
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, Republic of Korea
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18
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Ping Y, Ding Q, Chen Z, Peng Y. Substrate-assisted rhodium-catalyzed C H bond cyanation of 2-arylbenzothiazoles. J Organomet Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2016.04.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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19
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Naeimi H, Heidarnezhad A. Facile one-pot synthesis of 2-arylbenzothiazoles catalyzed by H 3PO 4/TiO 2-ZrO 2 (1/1) under solvent-free conditions. SYNTHETIC COMMUN 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/00397911.2016.1159697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hossein Naeimi
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Kashan, Kashan, Iran
| | - Arash Heidarnezhad
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Kashan, Kashan, Iran
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20
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Luo P, Ding Q, Ping Y, Hu J. Regioselective ortho-trifluoromethylthiolation of 2-arylbenzo[d]thiazole via tandem substrate-assisted C-H iodination and trifluoromethylthiolation. Org Biomol Chem 2016; 14:2924-9. [PMID: 26867940 DOI: 10.1039/c6ob00005c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
A mild and efficient tandem benzo[d]thiazole directed C-H iodination and trifluoromethylthiolation for the synthesis of ortho-trifluoromethylthiolated 2-arylbenzo[d]thiazoles have been developed using AgSCF3 as a coupling partner. The reaction exhibits a diverse array of functional group tolerance giving the desired products in good to excellent yields. Regioselective trifluoromethylthiolation was observed at the less sterically hindered site when the phenyl ring of the substrate possesses a methyl group at its meta position.
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Affiliation(s)
- Puying Luo
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Central South University, 110 Xiang-ya Road, Changsha, Hunan 410078, P. R. China. and Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Jiangxi Provincial people's Hospital, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P. R. China
| | - Qiuping Ding
- College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330022, P. R. China.
| | - Yuanyuan Ping
- College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330022, P. R. China.
| | - Jianan Hu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Central South University, 110 Xiang-ya Road, Changsha, Hunan 410078, P. R. China.
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21
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Rhodium(III)-catalyzed heteroatom-directed C–H allylation with allylic phosphonates and allylic carbonates at room temperature. Tetrahedron 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2015.12.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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22
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Choi M, Park J, Mishra NK, Lee SY, Kim JH, Jeong KM, Lee J, Jung YH, Kim IS. Rh(III)-catalyzed C–H alkylation of 2-arylbenzothiazoles with α-diazo esters. Tetrahedron Lett 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2015.06.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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23
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Nunes P, Morais GR, Palma E, Silva F, Oliveira MC, Ferreira VFC, Mendes F, Gano L, Miranda HV, Outeiro TF, Santos I, Paulo A. Isostructural Re(i)/99mTc(i) tricarbonyl complexes for cancer theranostics. Org Biomol Chem 2015; 13:5182-94. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ob00124b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Novel cysteamine-based (N,S,O)-chelators were successfully applied in the synthesis of isostructural M(i) (M = Re, 99mTc) tricarbonyl complexes for cancer theranostics.
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24
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2-(4-Hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-benzothiazole suppresses tumor progression and metastatic potential of breast cancer cells by inducing ubiquitin ligase CHIP. Sci Rep 2014; 4:7095. [PMID: 25403352 PMCID: PMC4235287 DOI: 10.1038/srep07095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2014] [Accepted: 10/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most common malignancy among women and has poor survival and high recurrence rates for aggressive metastatic disease. Notably, triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a highly aggressive cancer and there is no preferred agent for TNBC therapy. In this study, we show that a novel agent, 2-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-benzothiazole (YL-109), has ability to inhibit breast cancer cell growth and invasiveness in vitro and in vivo. In addition, YL-109 repressed the sphere-forming ability and the expression of stem cell markers in MDA-MB-231 mammosphere cultures. YL-109 increased the expression of carboxyl terminus of Hsp70-interacting protein (CHIP), which suppresses tumorigenic and metastatic potential of breast cancer cells by inhibiting the oncogenic pathway. YL-109 induced CHIP transcription because of the recruitment of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) to upstream of CHIP gene in MDA-MB-231 cells. Consistently, the antitumor effects of YL-109 were depressed by CHIP or AhR knockdown in MDA-MB-231 cells. Taken together, our findings indicate that a novel agent YL-109 inhibits cell growth and metastatic potential by inducing CHIP expression through AhR signaling and reduces cancer stem cell properties in MDA-MB-231 cells. It suggests that YL-109 is a potential candidate for breast cancer therapy.
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25
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Kamal A, Reddy NS, Prasad B. Phenyliodonium diacetate mediated arylation of benzothiazoles with substituted styrenes. Tetrahedron Lett 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2014.05.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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26
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Kumbhare RM, Dadmal TL, Pamanji R, Kosurkar UB, Velatooru LR, Appalanaidu K, Khageswara Rao Y, Venkateswara Rao J. Synthesis of novel fluoro 1,2,3-triazole tagged amino bis(benzothiazole) derivatives, their antimicrobial and anticancer activity. Med Chem Res 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s00044-014-1006-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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27
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Callero MA, Luzzani GA, De Dios DO, Bradshaw TD, Perez AIL. Biomarkers of sensitivity to potent and selective antitumor 2-(4-amino-3-methylphenyl)-5-fluorobenzothiazole (5F203) in ovarian cancer. J Cell Biochem 2014; 114:2392-404. [PMID: 23696052 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.24589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2013] [Accepted: 05/01/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
2-(4-Amino-3-methylphenyl)-5-fluorobenzothiazole (5F203, NSC 703786) lysylamide belongs to a novel mechanistic class of antitumor agents. It elicits activity against ovarian, breast, kidney and colorectal cancer models. In sensitive breast cancer cells, 5F203 activates aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) signaling. Herein, we evaluate the role of AhR in 5F203 activity in two ovarian cancer cell lines: IGROV-1 (sensitive to 5F203), SKOV-3 (resistant to this agent). In addition, cancer cells have been isolated from ascites fluid of ovarian cancer patients; sensitivity to 5F203 and concurrent AhR signal transduction has been examined in ascites-isolated ovarian cancer patients' cells. 5F203 induced enhanced CYP1A1 expression, AhR translocation and ROS formation in IGROV-1 cells and ascites-isolated ovarian cancer cells that were sensitive to 5F203. In IGROV-1 cells 5F203-induced ROS formation was accompanied by JNK, ERK and P38MAPK phosphorylation, DNA damage and cell cycle arrest prior to apoptosis. In contrast, 5F203 failed to induce CYP1A1 expression, AhR translocation or oxidative stress in 5F203-resistant SKOV-3 cells, or in ovarian cancer ascites cells inherently resistant to this agent. We propose that AhR may represent a new molecular target in the treatment of ovarian tumors and 5F203 may exemplify a potential novel treatment. Furthermore, putative biomarkers of sensitivity to this agent have been identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana A Callero
- National Scientific Council (CONICET), Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
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28
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Kumbhare RM, Dadmal TL, Devi TA, Kumar D, Kosurkar UB, Chowdhury D, Appalanaidu K, Rao YK, Ramaiah MJ, Bhadra MP. Isoxazole derivatives of 6-fluoro-N-(6-methoxybenzo[d]thiazol-2-yl)benzo[d]thiazol-2-amine and N-(pyrimidin-2-yl)benzo[d]thiazol-2-amine: regulation of cell cycle and apoptosis by p53 activation via mitochondrial-dependent pathways. MEDCHEMCOMM 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4md00279b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The compounds depicted were shown to induce DNA damage and activate p53, which in turn activates Bax and decreases Bcl2 levels. This resulted in apoptosis in Colo205 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tulshiram L. Dadmal
- Fluoroorganic Division
- Indian Institute of Chemical Technology
- Hyderabad, India
| | - T. Anjana Devi
- Centre for Chemical Biology
- Indian Institute of Chemical Technology
- Hyderabad, India
| | - Dinesh Kumar
- Centre for Chemical Biology
- Indian Institute of Chemical Technology
- Hyderabad, India
| | - Umesh B. Kosurkar
- Fluoroorganic Division
- Indian Institute of Chemical Technology
- Hyderabad, India
| | - Debabrata Chowdhury
- Centre for Chemical Biology
- Indian Institute of Chemical Technology
- Hyderabad, India
| | - K. Appalanaidu
- Fluoroorganic Division
- Indian Institute of Chemical Technology
- Hyderabad, India
| | - Y. Khageswara Rao
- Fluoroorganic Division
- Indian Institute of Chemical Technology
- Hyderabad, India
| | - M. Janaki Ramaiah
- School of Chemical and Biotechnology
- Sastra University
- Thanjavur-613401, India
| | - Manika Pal Bhadra
- Centre for Chemical Biology
- Indian Institute of Chemical Technology
- Hyderabad, India
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29
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Naeimi H, Tarazian R. Efficient and Facile Catalyst-free One-Pot Synthesis and Characterization of Some Novel Bis(2-benzothiazole) Derivatives. J Heterocycl Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/jhet.1956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hossein Naeimi
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry; University of Kashan, Kashan; 87317 I.R. Iran
| | - Reza Tarazian
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry; University of Kashan, Kashan; 87317 I.R. Iran
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30
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Zhang Y, Chakraborty M, Cerda-Smith CG, Bratton RN, Maurer NE, Senser EM, Novak M. Chemistry of ring-substituted 4-(benzothiazol-2-yl)phenylnitrenium ions from antitumor 2-(4-aminophenyl)benzothiazoles. J Org Chem 2013; 78:6992-7000. [PMID: 23786256 DOI: 10.1021/jo400826f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Ring-substituted derivatives of 2-(4-aminophenyl)benzothiazole, 1a, 1b-g, are under development as antitumor agents. One derivative, 1f, has reached phase 1 clinical trials as the prodrug 2f, Phortress (NSC 710305). These amines are activated by CYP450 1A1, apparently into hydroxylamines 8a-g that are likely metabolized into esters that ionize into nitrenium ions responsible for cellular damage. Previously we showed that 9a, the acetic acid ester of 8a, generates the long-lived (530 ns) nitrenium ion 11a by hydrolysis or photolysis in water. In this study, azide trapping shows that 9b-g generate 11b-g via rate-limiting N-O heterolysis. Ion lifetimes, estimated from azide/solvent selectivities, range from 250 to 1150 ns with identical lifetimes for 11a and 11f. Differences in biological activity of the amines are likely not due to differences in the chemistry of the cations but to differences in metabolic activation/deactivation of individual amines. Unlike the nitrenium ions, lifetimes of the esters are strongly dependent on the 3'-Me substituent. Esters containing 3'-Me (9b, 9f, 9g) have lifetimes of 5-10 s compared to 400-800 s for esters without 3'-Me (9a, 9c, 9d, 9e). This restricts 3'-Me esters to cells/tissues in which activation occurs, concentrating their effects in tumor cells if metabolism is restricted to those cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Miami University, Oxford, Ohio 45056, United States
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31
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Synthesis, cytotoxic evaluation, and in silico studies of substituted N-alkylbromo-benzothiazoles. Med Chem Res 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s00044-012-0424-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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32
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Nandekar PP, Tumbi KM, Bansal N, Rathod VP, Labhsetwar LB, Soumya N, Singh S, Sangamwar AT. Chem-bioinformatics and in vitro approaches for candidate optimization: a case study of NSC745689 as a promising antitumor agent. Med Chem Res 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s00044-012-0364-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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Ahmed K, Yellamelli Valli Venkata S, Mohammed NAK, Sultana F, Methuku KR. Recent advances on structural modifications of benzothiazoles and their conjugate systems as potential chemotherapeutics. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2012; 21:619-35. [PMID: 22493977 DOI: 10.1517/13543784.2012.676043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Benzothiazole scaffold comprises a bicyclic ring system and is known to exhibit a wide range of biological properties including antimicrobial and anticancer activities. Benzothiazole derivatives have long been therapeutically used for the treatment of various diseases. However, in recent years, 2-arylbenzothiazoles have emerged as an important pharmacophore in the development of antitumor agents. The promising biological profile and synthetic accessibility have been attractive in the design and development of new benzothiazoles and their conjugate systems as potential chemotherapeutics. AREAS COVERED This review mainly focuses on the structural modifications of benzothiazole scaffold, development of various series of benzothiazoles and their conjugates as new antitumor agents. Furthermore, heterocyclic derivatives bearing benzothiazole moiety and their in vitro as well as in vivo screening, structure-activity relationships (SAR), mechanism, pharmacokinetics, clinical use and their future therapeutic applications are discussed here. EXPERT OPINION A large number of benzothiazole derivatives discussed here possess potent anticancer activity and can be further developed as drug candidates. Benzothiazole conjugates could also display synergistic effect and still there is a need to use the drug combinations permitting lower dose and development of new generation of drugs. Despite encouraging results that have been observed for their response to tumor in clinical studies, full characterization of their toxicity is further required for their clinical usage as safe drugs for the treatment of cancer. We believe that this review gives a better understanding and scope for future drug design and development of benzothiazole-based compounds to implicate their use in cancer chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamal Ahmed
- Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Division of Organic Chemistry, Tarnaka, Hyderabad, India.
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Master Z, Chaudhary A, Sutter TR, Willett KL. Effects of flavonoids on CYP1 expression in RL95-2 endometrial carcinoma cells. Food Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2012.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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35
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Kumbhare RM, Kosurkar UB, Janaki Ramaiah M, Dadmal TL, Pushpavalli SNCVL, Pal-Bhadra M. Synthesis and biological evaluation of novel triazoles and isoxazoles linked 2-phenyl benzothiazole as potential anticancer agents. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2012; 22:5424-7. [PMID: 22858144 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2012.07.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2012] [Revised: 06/22/2012] [Accepted: 07/10/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
A new series of isoxazoles and triazoles linked 2-phenyl benzothiazole were synthesized and evaluated for their anticancer activity. These compounds have been tested for their cytotoxicity three cancer cell lines. Among the compounds tested, compound 5d showed good cytotoxicity against Colo-205 and A549 cells in comparison to standard control PMX 610(1). Further compound 5d has been tested for its apoptotic activity and its inhibitory activity against caspase and PARP proteins. Hence this compound has the potential that it can be selected for further biological studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravindra M Kumbhare
- Fluoroorganic Division, Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Tarnaka, Hyderabad 500607, India.
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Perković I, Tršinar S, Žanetić J, Kralj M, Martin-Kleiner I, Balzarini J, Hadjipavlou-Litina D, Katsori AM, Zorc B. Novel 1-acyl-4-substituted semicarbazide derivatives of primaquine − synthesis, cytostatic, antiviral and antioxidative studies. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2012; 28:601-10. [DOI: 10.3109/14756366.2012.663366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ivana Perković
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Zagreb,
Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Sara Tršinar
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Zagreb,
Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Jelena Žanetić
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Zagreb,
Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Marijeta Kralj
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Rudjer Bošković Institute,
Zagreb, Croatia
| | | | - Jan Balzarini
- Rega Institute for Medical Research, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven,
Leuven, Belgium
| | - Dimitra Hadjipavlou-Litina
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki,
Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Anna Maria Katsori
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki,
Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Branka Zorc
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Zagreb,
Zagreb, Croatia
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Kumbhare RM, Dadmal T, Kosurkar U, Sridhar V, Rao JV. Synthesis and cytotoxic evaluation of thiourea and N-bis-benzothiazole derivatives: a novel class of cytotoxic agents. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2011; 22:453-5. [PMID: 22115593 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2011.10.106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2011] [Revised: 10/04/2011] [Accepted: 10/29/2011] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Benzothiazolyl thiocarbamides has been achieved using a catalytic amount of 4-dimethylaminopyridine (DMAP) followed by its chemoselective oxidative cyclization with 1,3-di-n-butylimidazolium tribromide[bbim][Br(3)] to afford the N-bis-benzothiazole derivatives. All the synthesized compounds were evaluated for cytotoxic activity against two human monocytic cell lines (U 937, THP-1) and a mouse melanoma cell line (B16-F10). Based on their IC(50) values, the majority of the benzothiazolyl thiocarbamides and N-bis-benzothiazoles had significant antiproliferative activity on U 937 and B16-F10 cells, the compounds 3b, 3e, 3f, 3k, 6c and 6h were found to be the most active. The present findings indicate clearly that the compound 3e exhibited more antiproliferative activity on U 937 cells than the standard molecule, etoposide. Nevertheless, these compounds have shown comparatively less cytotoxicity towards THP-1 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravindra M Kumbhare
- Fluoroorganic Division, Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Tarnaka, Hyderabad 500607, India.
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Callero MA, Loaiza-Pérez AI. The role of aryl hydrocarbon receptor and crosstalk with estrogen receptor in response of breast cancer cells to the novel antitumor agents benzothiazoles and aminoflavone. Int J Breast Cancer 2011; 2011:923250. [PMID: 22295239 PMCID: PMC3262585 DOI: 10.4061/2011/923250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2011] [Accepted: 06/14/2011] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Many estrogen-receptor- (ER-) expressing breast cancers become refractory to ER-based therapies. New antitumor drugs like aminoflavone (AF) and benzothiazoles (Bzs) have been developed and have exquisite antitumor activity in ER+MCF-7 and T47D cells and in a MCF-7 nude mouse model. ER(−) breast cancer cells like MDA-MB-231 are less susceptible. We previously found in MCF-7 cells that these drugs activate the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) via translocation to the nucleus, induction of AhR-specific DNA binding activity, and expression of CYP1A1, whose transcription is controlled by the AhR-ARNT transcription factor. CYP1A1 metabolizes AF and Bz to a species which directly or after further metabolism damages DNA. In contrast an AhR-deficient variant of MCF-7 or cells with predominantly nuclear AhR expression, such as MDA-MB 231, are resistant. Thus, these drugs, unlike other neoplastic agents, require AhR-mediated signaling to cause DNA damage. This is a new treatment strategy for breast cancers with intact AhR signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana A Callero
- Research Area, Institute of Oncology "Ángel H. Roffo", University of Buenos Aires, Avenue San Martín 5481, C1417DTB Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
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He G, Zhao B, Denison MS. Identification of benzothiazole derivatives and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons as aryl hydrocarbon receptor agonists present in tire extracts. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2011; 30:1915-25. [PMID: 21590714 PMCID: PMC3263332 DOI: 10.1002/etc.581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2011] [Revised: 04/07/2011] [Accepted: 04/27/2011] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Leachate from rubber tire material contains a complex mixture of chemicals previously shown to produce toxic and biological effects in aquatic organisms. The ability of these leachates to induce Ah receptor (AhR)-dependent cytochrome P4501A1 expression in fish indicated the presence of AhR active chemicals, but the responsible chemicals and their direct interaction with the AhR signaling pathway were not examined. Using a combination of AhR-based bioassays, we have demonstrated the ability of tire extract to stimulate both AhR DNA binding and AhR-dependent gene expression and confirmed that the responsible chemicals were metabolically labile. The application of CALUX (chemical-activated luciferase gene expression) cell bioassay-driven toxicant identification evaluation not only revealed that tire extract contained a variety of known AhR-active polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons but also identified 2-methylthiobenzothiazole and 2-mercaptobenzothiazole as AhR agonists. Analysis of a structurally diverse series of benzothiazoles identified many that could directly stimulate AhR DNA binding and transiently activate the AhR signaling pathway and identified benzothiazoles as a new class of AhR agonists. In addition to these compounds, the relatively high AhR agonist activity of a large number of fractions strongly suggests that tire extract contains a large number of physiochemically diverse AhR agonists whose identities and toxicological/biological significances are unknown.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guochun He
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, University of California, Davis, California, USA
| | - Bin Zhao
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, University of California, Davis, California, USA
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Michael S. Denison
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, University of California, Davis, California, USA
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Novak M, Chakraborty M. Reactions of a putative metabolite of the model antitumor drug 2-(4-aminophenyl)benzothiazole with purines and pyrimidines. J PHYS ORG CHEM 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/poc.1905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Novak
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; Miami University; Oxford OH 45056 USA
| | - Mrinal Chakraborty
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; Miami University; Oxford OH 45056 USA
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Chakraborty M, Jin KJ, Glover SA, Novak M. Characterization of the 4-(benzothiazol-2-yl)phenylnitrenium ion from a putative metabolite of a model antitumor drug. J Org Chem 2010; 75:5296-304. [PMID: 20670034 DOI: 10.1021/jo101275y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The 4-(benzothiazol-2-yl)phenylnitrenium ion 11 is generated from hydrolysis or photolysis of O-acetoxy-N-(4-(benzothiazol-2-yl)phenyl)hydroxylamine 8, a model metabolite of 2-(4-aminophenyl)benzothiazole 1 and its ring-substituted derivatives that are being developed for a variety of medicinal applications, including antitumor, antibacterial, antifungal, and imaging agents. Previously, we showed that 11 had an aqueous solution lifetime of 530 ns, similar to the 560 ns lifetime of the 4-biphenylylnitrenium ion 12 derived from the well-known chemical carcinogen 4-aminobiphenyl. We now show that the analogy between these two cations extends well beyond their lifetimes. The initial product of hydration of 11 is the quinolimine 16, which can be detected as a long-lived reactive intermediate that hydrolyzes in a pH-dependent manner into the final hydrolysis product, the quinol 15. This hydrolysis behavior is equivalent to that previously described for a large number of ester metabolites of carcinogenic arylamines, including 4-aminobiphenyl. The major azide trapping product (90% of azide products) of 11, 20, is generated by substitution on the carbons ortho to the nitrenium ion center of 11. This product is a direct analogue of the major azide adducts, such as 22, generated from trapping of the nitrenium ions of carcinogenic arylamines. The azide/solvent selectivity for 11, k(az)/k(s), is also nearly equivalent to that of 12. A minor product of the reaction of 11 with N(3)(-), 21, contains no azide functionality but may be generated by a process in which N(3)(-) attacks 11 at the nitrenium ion center with loss of N(2) to generate a diazene 25 that subsequently decomposes into 21 with loss of another N(2). The adduct derived from attack of 2'-deoxyguanosine (d-G) on 11, 28, is a familiar C-8 adduct of the type generated from the reaction of d-G with a wide variety of arylnitrenium ions derived from carcinogenic arylamines. The rate constant for reaction of d-G with 11, k(d-G), is very similar to that observed for the reaction of d-G with 12. The similar lifetimes and chemical reactivities of 11 and 12 can be rationalized by B3LYP/6-31G(d) calculations on the two ions that show that they are of nearly equivalent stability relative to their respective hydration products. The calculations also help to rationalize the different regiochemistry observed for the reaction of N(3)(-) with 11 and its oxenium ion analogue, 13. Since 8 is the likely active metabolite of 1 and a significant number of derivatives of 1 are being developed as pharmaceutical agents, the similarity of the chemistry of 11 to that of carcinogenic arylnitrenium ions is of considerable importance. Consideration should be given to this chemistry in continued development of pharmaceuticals containing the 2-(4-aminophenyl)benzothiazole moiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mrinal Chakraborty
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Miami University, Oxford, Ohio 45056, USA
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Tzanopoulou S, Sagnou M, Paravatou-Petsotas M, Gourni E, Loudos G, Xanthopoulos S, Lafkas D, Kiaris H, Varvarigou A, Pirmettis IC, Papadopoulos M, Pelecanou M. Evaluation of Re and 99mTc Complexes of 2-(4′-Aminophenyl)benzothiazole as Potential Breast Cancer Radiopharmaceuticals. J Med Chem 2010; 53:4633-41. [PMID: 20518489 DOI: 10.1021/jm1001293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Eleni Gourni
- Institute of Radioisotopes-Radiodiagnostic Products
| | - George Loudos
- Department of Medical Instruments Technology, Technological Educational Institute of Athens, 12210 Athens, Greece
| | | | - Daniel Lafkas
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of Athens Medical School, 75 M. Asias Street, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Hippokratis Kiaris
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of Athens Medical School, 75 M. Asias Street, 11527 Athens, Greece
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Venkatachalam TK, Pierens GK, Reutens DC. Synthesis and characterization of benzothiazolyl-substituted anils. MAGNETIC RESONANCE IN CHEMISTRY : MRC 2010; 48:210-218. [PMID: 20066662 DOI: 10.1002/mrc.2568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
New Schiff bases containing a hydroxynaphthyl ring and substituted benzothiazolyl groups have been synthesized. High-resolution NMR spectra confirmed that these anils exist as enol-keto tautomers in solution. The results from NMR data demonstrated that the proportion of enol tautomer exceeded 90% in these substituted anils. Some compounds exhibited thermochromism in solid state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taracad K Venkatachalam
- Centre for Advanced Imaging, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia.
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Reiter E, Reiter E, Beck V, Medjakovic S, Jungbauer A. Isoflavones are safe compounds for therapeutical applications - evaluation of in vitro data. Gynecol Endocrinol 2009; 25:554-80. [PMID: 19591018 DOI: 10.1080/09513590802596461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Isoflavone-rich food and food supplements have gained increasing popularity also in the Western world. Their weak estrogenic effect has been considered as a potential risk, although all epidemiological studies and clinical trials show a significant cancer protection and decreased risk of cardiovascular diseases. In vitro data suggest that the concerted action of the isoflavones and their metabolites show antiproliferative behaviour, reduce angiogenesis, reduce tumor progression and exert antiinflammatory effects. For the evaluation of the biological effects, special emphasis has to be put on the concerted action between the isoflavones and their metabolites. For instance, while isolated genistein shows some growth promoting effect at low concentrations, the metabolite equol or soy extract show growth retardation as well as higher concentrations of genistein do. The isoflavones have multiple affinities to other members of the steroid hormone receptor superfamily. The beneficial effect on metabolic diseases and weight reduction by isoflavone consumption can be partly explained by its affinity for the PPAR family. In light of the in vitro experiments, together with the epidemiological observations and the clinical experience, isoflavones can be considered as safe compounds and their consumption as food and food supplements has to be promoted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evelyne Reiter
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Applied Life Sciences Vienna, Muthgasse 18, Vienna, Austria
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Bradshaw TD, Bell DR. Relevance of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) for clinical toxicology. Clin Toxicol (Phila) 2009; 47:632-42. [PMID: 19640236 DOI: 10.1080/15563650903140423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) is a cellular signaling molecule infamous for mediating the toxicity of dioxins and related compounds. AIM The aim of this review is to provide a background of AhR and to examine critically its role in chemical toxicity, in physiological systems, and its interaction with drugs and other compounds. TOXICITY The AhR is essential for the toxicity of dioxins and related chemicals. The AhR mediates the exquisite sensitivity of animals to dioxins, where as little as 2 ng/kg/day can yield striking adverse effects. PHYSIOLOGICAL ROLE OF AHR: The wide variety of adverse effects of dioxin argues for an important role of the AhR in a variety of physiological systems. Recent investigations have highlighted the role of AhR in the development of the brain and vasculature. DRUGS AND OTHER CHEMICAL ACTIVATORS OF AHR: The development of AhR agonists during drug development programs is sometimes inadvertent, but sometimes the target of development, and is yet further confirmation of the likely importance of AhR signaling in constitutive physiology. The presence of AhR agonists in the diet such as indolo-(3,2-b)-carbazole and 3,3'-diindolylmethane (metabolized from indole 3-carbinol), flavonoids, and sulforaphane and of endogenous activators of this signaling system such as eicosanoids, indirubin, bilirubin, cAMP, and tryptophan are suggestive that AhR activation is a normal physiological process and that it is the persistent and high-level stimulation of AhR by dioxins that is responsible for toxicity. CONCLUSIONS AhR-mediated toxicity and physiology are highly relevant to clinical toxicology and drug development.
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Skupinska K, Misiewicz-Krzeminska I, Stypulkowski R, Lubelska K, Kasprzycka-Guttman T. Sulforaphane and its analogues inhibit CYP1A1 and CYP1A2 activity induced by benzo[a]pyrene. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2009; 23:18-28. [PMID: 19202560 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.20259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/08/2022]
Abstract
CYP1A1 and CYP1A2 enzymes metabolize polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) to the reactive oxyderivatives. PAHs can induce the activity of both enzymes, which increases its conversion and enhances risk of carcinogenesis. Thus, the inhibition of CYP enzymes is recognized as a cancer chemoprevention strategy. A well-known group of chemopreventive agents is isothiocyanates, which occur naturally in Brassica vegetables. In this paper, a naturally occurring sulforaphane and its two synthetic analogues isothiocyanate-2-oxohexyl and alyssin were investigated. The aim of the study was to determine whether the differences in the isothiocyanate structure change its ability to inhibit CYP1A1 and CYP1A2 activity induced by benzo[a]pyrene in HepG2 and Mcf7 cells. Also a mechanistic study was performed including isothiocyanates' influence on CYP1A1 and CYP1A2 catalytic activity, enzymatic protein level, and AhR translocation. It was shown that both enzymes were significantly induced by benzo[a]pyrene, and isothiocyanates were capable of decreasing the induced activity. The inhibitory properties depend on the types of isothiocyanate and enzyme. In general, CYP1A2 was altered in the more meaningful way than CYP1A1 by isothiocyanates. Sulforaphane exhibited weak inhibitory properties, whereas both analogues were capable of inhibiting BaP-induced activity with the similar efficacy. The mechanistic study revealed that analogues decreased the CYP1A2 activity via the protein-level reduction and CYP1A1 directly. The results indicate that isothiocyanates can be considered as potent chemopreventive substances and the change in the sulforaphane structure increases its chemopreventive potency.
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Manjula S, Malleshappa Noolvi N, Vipan Parihar K, Manohara Reddy S, Ramani V, Gadad AK, Singh G, Gopalan Kutty N, Mallikarjuna Rao C. Synthesis and antitumor activity of optically active thiourea and their 2-aminobenzothiazole derivatives: A novel class of anticancer agents. Eur J Med Chem 2009; 44:2923-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2008.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2008] [Revised: 11/07/2008] [Accepted: 12/08/2008] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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2-(4-Amino-3-methylphenyl)-5-fluorobenzothiazole is a ligand and shows species-specific partial agonism of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2009; 237:102-10. [DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2009.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2008] [Revised: 02/05/2009] [Accepted: 02/13/2009] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Skupinska K, Misiewicz-Krzeminska I, Lubelska K, Kasprzycka-Guttman T. The effect of isothiocyanates on CYP1A1 and CYP1A2 activities induced by polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in Mcf7 cells. Toxicol In Vitro 2009; 23:763-71. [PMID: 19362136 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2009.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2008] [Revised: 03/31/2009] [Accepted: 04/01/2009] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs)--environmental carcinogens--are metabolized by CYP1A1 and CYP1A2 enzymes to oxy-derivatives, which are able to bind to DNA and initiate carcinogenesis. PAHs induce CYP1A1 and CYP1A2 activity, which increases the risk of development of carcinogenesis. Isothiocyanates (ITCs), naturally occurring in Brassica vegetables, possess chemopreventive properties and are able to reduce the CYP1A enzyme activity. In this paper we report our study of the ability of ITCs: sulforaphane and its analogues: isothiocyanate-2-oxohexyl and alyssin, to inhibit CYP1A1 and CYP1A2 enzyme activity induced by the PAHs, anthracene (ANT) and dibenzo[a,h]anthracene (DBA) in human breast cancer cell line Mcf7. The aim was to determine whether the differences in structure of ITCs change their inhibitory properties, and whether these properties depend on the type of inducer. The results indicate that the properties of ITCs depend on the type of PAH: ITCs are more potent in inhibiting activity induced by the weaker inducer. It was also found that the change in ITCs' structure influences their activities. ITC 2-oxohexyl was the weakest inhibitor, whereas sulforaphane and alyssin exhibited similar potency. The study revealed that inhibition of CYP1A1 activity is direct whereas inhibition of CYP1A2 activity is not only direct but is also caused by the level of protein disturbance.
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