1
|
Bosma EK, Darwesh S, Habani YI, Cammeraat M, Serrano Martinez P, van Breest Smallenburg ME, Zheng JY, Vogels IMC, van Noorden CJF, Schlingemann RO, Klaassen I. Differential roles of eNOS in late effects of VEGF-A on hyperpermeability in different types of endothelial cells. Sci Rep 2023; 13:21436. [PMID: 38052807 PMCID: PMC10698188 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-46893-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-A induces endothelial hyperpermeability, but the molecular pathways remain incompletely understood. Endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) regulates acute effects of VEGF-A on permeability of endothelial cells (ECs), but it remains unknown whether and how eNOS regulates late effects of VEGF-A-induced hyperpermeability. Here we show that VEGF-A induces hyperpermeability via eNOS-dependent and eNOS-independent mechanisms at 2 days after VEGF-A stimulation. Silencing of expression of the eNOS gene (NOS3) reduced VEGF-A-induced permeability for dextran (70 kDa) and 766 Da-tracer in human dermal microvascular ECs (HDMVECs), but not in human retinal microvascular ECs (HRECs) and human umbilical vein ECs (HUVECs). However, silencing of NOS3 expression in HRECs increased permeability to dextran, BSA and 766 Da-tracer in the absence of VEGF-A stimulation, suggesting a barrier-protective function of eNOS. We also investigated how silencing of NOS3 expression regulates the expression of permeability-related transcripts, and found that NOS3 silencing downregulates the expression of PLVAP, a molecule associated with trans-endothelial transport via caveolae, in HDMVECs and HUVECs, but not in HRECs. Our findings underscore the complexity of VEGF-A-induced permeability pathways in ECs and the role of eNOS therein, and demonstrate that different pathways are activated depending on the EC phenotype.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Esmeralda K Bosma
- Ocular Angiogenesis Group, Department of Ophthalmology, Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Microcirculation, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Neuroscience, Cellular & Molecular Mechanisms, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Shahan Darwesh
- Ocular Angiogenesis Group, Department of Ophthalmology, Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Yasmin I Habani
- Ocular Angiogenesis Group, Department of Ophthalmology, Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Maxime Cammeraat
- Ocular Angiogenesis Group, Department of Ophthalmology, Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Microcirculation, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Neuroscience, Cellular & Molecular Mechanisms, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Paola Serrano Martinez
- Ocular Angiogenesis Group, Department of Ophthalmology, Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Microcirculation, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Neuroscience, Cellular & Molecular Mechanisms, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Mathilda E van Breest Smallenburg
- Ocular Angiogenesis Group, Department of Ophthalmology, Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Microcirculation, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Neuroscience, Cellular & Molecular Mechanisms, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jia Y Zheng
- Ocular Angiogenesis Group, Department of Ophthalmology, Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ilse M C Vogels
- Ocular Angiogenesis Group, Department of Ophthalmology, Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Cornelis J F van Noorden
- Ocular Angiogenesis Group, Department of Ophthalmology, Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Genetic Toxicology and Cancer Biology, National Institute of Biology, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Reinier O Schlingemann
- Ocular Angiogenesis Group, Department of Ophthalmology, Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Microcirculation, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Neuroscience, Cellular & Molecular Mechanisms, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Lausanne, Jules Gonin Eye Hospital, Fondation Asile Des Aveugles, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Ingeborg Klaassen
- Ocular Angiogenesis Group, Department of Ophthalmology, Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
- Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Microcirculation, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
- Amsterdam Neuroscience, Cellular & Molecular Mechanisms, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Moccia F, Brunetti V, Soda T, Berra-Romani R, Scarpellino G. Cracking the Endothelial Calcium (Ca 2+) Code: A Matter of Timing and Spacing. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16765. [PMID: 38069089 PMCID: PMC10706333 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242316765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Revised: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
A monolayer of endothelial cells lines the innermost surface of all blood vessels, thereby coming into close contact with every region of the body and perceiving signals deriving from both the bloodstream and parenchymal tissues. An increase in intracellular Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i) is the main mechanism whereby vascular endothelial cells integrate the information conveyed by local and circulating cues. Herein, we describe the dynamics and spatial distribution of endothelial Ca2+ signals to understand how an array of spatially restricted (at both the subcellular and cellular levels) Ca2+ signals is exploited by the vascular intima to fulfill this complex task. We then illustrate how local endothelial Ca2+ signals affect the most appropriate vascular function and are integrated to transmit this information to more distant sites to maintain cardiovascular homeostasis. Vasorelaxation and sprouting angiogenesis were selected as an example of functions that are finely tuned by the variable spatio-temporal profile endothelial Ca2+ signals. We further highlighted how distinct Ca2+ signatures regulate the different phases of vasculogenesis, i.e., proliferation and migration, in circulating endothelial precursors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Moccia
- Laboratory of General Physiology, Department of Biology and Biotechnology “L. Spallanzani”, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (V.B.); (G.S.)
| | - Valentina Brunetti
- Laboratory of General Physiology, Department of Biology and Biotechnology “L. Spallanzani”, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (V.B.); (G.S.)
| | - Teresa Soda
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Magna Graecia, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy;
| | - Roberto Berra-Romani
- Department of Biomedicine, School of Medicine, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla 72410, Mexico;
| | - Giorgia Scarpellino
- Laboratory of General Physiology, Department of Biology and Biotechnology “L. Spallanzani”, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (V.B.); (G.S.)
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Behringer EJ. Impact of aging on vascular ion channels: perspectives and knowledge gaps across major organ systems. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2023; 325:H1012-H1038. [PMID: 37624095 PMCID: PMC10908410 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00288.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
Individuals aged ≥65 yr will comprise ∼20% of the global population by 2030. Cardiovascular disease remains the leading cause of death in the world with age-related endothelial "dysfunction" as a key risk factor. As an organ in and of itself, vascular endothelium courses throughout the mammalian body to coordinate blood flow to all other organs and tissues (e.g., brain, heart, lung, skeletal muscle, gut, kidney, skin) in accord with metabolic demand. In turn, emerging evidence demonstrates that vascular aging and its comorbidities (e.g., neurodegeneration, diabetes, hypertension, kidney disease, heart failure, and cancer) are "channelopathies" in large part. With an emphasis on distinct functional traits and common arrangements across major organs systems, the present literature review encompasses regulation of vascular ion channels that underlie blood flow control throughout the body. The regulation of myoendothelial coupling and local versus conducted signaling are discussed with new perspectives for aging and the development of chronic diseases. Although equipped with an awareness of knowledge gaps in the vascular aging field, a section has been included to encompass general feasibility, role of biological sex, and additional conceptual and experimental considerations (e.g., cell regression and proliferation, gene profile analyses). The ultimate goal is for the reader to see and understand major points of deterioration in vascular function while gaining the ability to think of potential mechanistic and therapeutic strategies to sustain organ perfusion and whole body health with aging.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Erik J Behringer
- Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, California, United States
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Xu S, Wang F, Mai P, Peng Y, Shu X, Nie R, Zhang H. Mechanism Analysis of Vascular Calcification Based on Fluid Dynamics. Diagnostics (Basel) 2023; 13:2632. [PMID: 37627891 PMCID: PMC10453151 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics13162632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2023] [Revised: 08/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Vascular calcification is the abnormal deposition of calcium phosphate complexes in blood vessels, which is regarded as the pathological basis of multiple cardiovascular diseases. The flowing blood exerts a frictional force called shear stress on the vascular wall. Blood vessels have different hydrodynamic properties due to discrepancies in geometric and mechanical properties. The disturbance of the blood flow in the bending area and the branch point of the arterial tree produces a shear stress lower than the physiological magnitude of the laminar shear stress, which can induce the occurrence of vascular calcification. Endothelial cells sense the fluid dynamics of blood and transmit electrical and chemical signals to the full-thickness of blood vessels. Through crosstalk with endothelial cells, smooth muscle cells trigger osteogenic transformation, involved in mediating vascular intima and media calcification. In addition, based on the detection of fluid dynamics parameters, emerging imaging technologies such as 4D Flow MRI and computational fluid dynamics have greatly improved the early diagnosis ability of cardiovascular diseases, showing extremely high clinical application prospects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shuwan Xu
- Department of Cardiology, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen 518033, China; (S.X.); (F.W.); (P.M.)
| | - Feng Wang
- Department of Cardiology, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen 518033, China; (S.X.); (F.W.); (P.M.)
| | - Peibiao Mai
- Department of Cardiology, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen 518033, China; (S.X.); (F.W.); (P.M.)
| | - Yanren Peng
- Department of Cardiology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China; (Y.P.); (X.S.)
| | - Xiaorong Shu
- Department of Cardiology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China; (Y.P.); (X.S.)
| | - Ruqiong Nie
- Department of Cardiology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China; (Y.P.); (X.S.)
| | - Huanji Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen 518033, China; (S.X.); (F.W.); (P.M.)
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Balistrieri A, Makino A, Yuan JXJ. Pathophysiology and pathogenic mechanisms of pulmonary hypertension: role of membrane receptors, ion channels, and Ca 2+ signaling. Physiol Rev 2023; 103:1827-1897. [PMID: 36422993 PMCID: PMC10110735 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00030.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Revised: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The pulmonary circulation is a low-resistance, low-pressure, and high-compliance system that allows the lungs to receive the entire cardiac output. Pulmonary arterial pressure is a function of cardiac output and pulmonary vascular resistance, and pulmonary vascular resistance is inversely proportional to the fourth power of the intraluminal radius of the pulmonary artery. Therefore, a very small decrease of the pulmonary vascular lumen diameter results in a significant increase in pulmonary vascular resistance and pulmonary arterial pressure. Pulmonary arterial hypertension is a fatal and progressive disease with poor prognosis. Regardless of the initial pathogenic triggers, sustained pulmonary vasoconstriction, concentric vascular remodeling, occlusive intimal lesions, in situ thrombosis, and vascular wall stiffening are the major and direct causes for elevated pulmonary vascular resistance in patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension and other forms of precapillary pulmonary hypertension. In this review, we aim to discuss the basic principles and physiological mechanisms involved in the regulation of lung vascular hemodynamics and pulmonary vascular function, the changes in the pulmonary vasculature that contribute to the increased vascular resistance and arterial pressure, and the pathogenic mechanisms involved in the development and progression of pulmonary hypertension. We focus on reviewing the pathogenic roles of membrane receptors, ion channels, and intracellular Ca2+ signaling in pulmonary vascular smooth muscle cells in the development and progression of pulmonary hypertension.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Angela Balistrieri
- Section of Physiology, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
- Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Ayako Makino
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Jason X-J Yuan
- Section of Physiology, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Davis MJ, Earley S, Li YS, Chien S. Vascular mechanotransduction. Physiol Rev 2023; 103:1247-1421. [PMID: 36603156 PMCID: PMC9942936 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00053.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Revised: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
This review aims to survey the current state of mechanotransduction in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) and endothelial cells (ECs), including their sensing of mechanical stimuli and transduction of mechanical signals that result in the acute functional modulation and longer-term transcriptomic and epigenetic regulation of blood vessels. The mechanosensors discussed include ion channels, plasma membrane-associated structures and receptors, and junction proteins. The mechanosignaling pathways presented include the cytoskeleton, integrins, extracellular matrix, and intracellular signaling molecules. These are followed by discussions on mechanical regulation of transcriptome and epigenetics, relevance of mechanotransduction to health and disease, and interactions between VSMCs and ECs. Throughout this review, we offer suggestions for specific topics that require further understanding. In the closing section on conclusions and perspectives, we summarize what is known and point out the need to treat the vasculature as a system, including not only VSMCs and ECs but also the extracellular matrix and other types of cells such as resident macrophages and pericytes, so that we can fully understand the physiology and pathophysiology of the blood vessel as a whole, thus enhancing the comprehension, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of vascular diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Davis
- Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Scott Earley
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Nevada, Reno, Nevada
| | - Yi-Shuan Li
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, California
- Institute of Engineering in Medicine, University of California, San Diego, California
| | - Shu Chien
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, California
- Institute of Engineering in Medicine, University of California, San Diego, California
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, California
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Vera OD, Wulff H, Braun AP. Endothelial KCa channels: Novel targets to reduce atherosclerosis-driven vascular dysfunction. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1151244. [PMID: 37063294 PMCID: PMC10102451 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1151244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Elevated levels of cholesterol in the blood can induce endothelial dysfunction, a condition characterized by impaired nitric oxide production and decreased vasodilatory capacity. Endothelial dysfunction can promote vascular disease, such as atherosclerosis, where macrophages accumulate in the vascular intima and fatty plaques form that impair normal blood flow in conduit arteries. Current pharmacological strategies to treat atherosclerosis mostly focus on lipid lowering to prevent high levels of plasma cholesterol that induce endothelial dysfunction and atherosclerosis. While this approach is effective for most patients with atherosclerosis, for some, lipid lowering is not enough to reduce their cardiovascular risk factors associated with atherosclerosis (e.g., hypertension, cardiac dysfunction, stroke, etc.). For such patients, additional strategies targeted at reducing endothelial dysfunction may be beneficial. One novel strategy to restore endothelial function and mitigate atherosclerosis risk is to enhance the activity of Ca2+-activated K+ (KCa) channels in the endothelium with positive gating modulator drugs. Here, we review the mechanism of action of these small molecules and discuss their ability to improve endothelial function. We then explore how this strategy could mitigate endothelial dysfunction in the context of atherosclerosis by examining how KCa modulators can improve cardiovascular function in other settings, such as aging and type 2 diabetes. Finally, we consider questions that will need to be addressed to determine whether KCa channel activation could be used as a long-term add-on to lipid lowering to augment atherosclerosis treatment, particularly in patients where lipid-lowering is not adequate to improve their cardiovascular health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- O. Daniel Vera
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Libin Cardiovascular Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Heike Wulff
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Andrew P. Braun
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Libin Cardiovascular Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- *Correspondence: Andrew P. Braun,
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Mathematical modeling of intracellular calcium in presence of receptor: a homeostatic model for endothelial cell. Biomech Model Mechanobiol 2023; 22:217-232. [PMID: 36219362 DOI: 10.1007/s10237-022-01643-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Calcium is a ubiquitous molecule and second messenger that regulates many cellular functions ranging from exocytosis to cell proliferation at different time scales. In the vasculature, a constant adenosine triphosphate (ATP) concentration is maintained because of ATP released by red blood cells (RBCs). These ATP molecules continuously react with purinergic receptors on the surface of endothelial cells (ECs). Consequently, a cascade of chemical reactions are triggered that result in a transient cytoplasmic calcium (Ca[Formula: see text]), followed by return to its basal concentration. The mathematical models proposed in the literature are able to reproduce the transient peak. However, the trailing concentration is always higher than the basal cytoplasmic Ca[Formula: see text] concentrations, and the Ca[Formula: see text] concentration in endoplasmic reticulum (ER) remains lower than its initial concentration. This means that the intracellular homeostasis is not recovered. We propose, herein, a minimal model of calcium kinetics. We find that the desensitization of EC surface receptors due to phosphorylation and recycling plays a vital role in maintaining calcium homeostasis in the presence of a constant stimulus (ATP). The model is able to capture several experimental observations such as refilling of Ca[Formula: see text] in the ER, variation of cytoplasmic Ca[Formula: see text] transient peak in ECs, the resting cytoplasmic Ca[Formula: see text] concentration, the effect of removing ATP from the plasma on Ca[Formula: see text] homeostasis, and the saturation of cytoplasmic Ca[Formula: see text] transient peak with increase in ATP concentration. Direct confrontation with several experimental results is conducted. This work paves the way for systematic studies on coupling between blood flow and chemical signaling, and should contribute to a better understanding of the relation between (patho)physiological conditions and Ca[Formula: see text] kinetics.
Collapse
|
9
|
Foley C, Litscher G. A Biophysical Model for Cardiovascular Effects of Acupuncture-Underlying Mechanisms Based on First Principles. Med Acupunct 2022; 34:353-370. [PMID: 36644426 PMCID: PMC9805889 DOI: 10.1089/acu.2022.0050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
According to recent translations by medical professionals of the foundational texts of Chinese Medicine, the acupuncture channel system can be reconciled with the neurovasculature. From there, the underlying mechanisms of the effects of acupuncture can be drawn from established physiology and known physical laws. A large body of research has been carried out using cardiovascular markers to measure the effects of acupuncture. Three of these parameters are re-viewed and explored anew in detail. The focus is on changes in microcirculation, blood pressure, and heart rate variability. The physiological mechanisms accounting for the observed changes are proposed to be ascending vasodilatation, resetting of the baroreceptor reflex, and re-organization of heart beating patterns around intrinsically assigned attractor sets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Clare Foley
- Biophysicist and Licensed Acupuncturist (MSc. Biophysics, NP, Ac. Lic.), Dublin, Ireland
| | - Gerhard Litscher
- Research Unit of Biomedical Engineering in Anesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine, Research Unit for Complementary and Integrative Laser Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) Research Center Graz, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Keller TCS, Lechauve C, Keller AS, Broseghini-Filho GB, Butcher JT, Askew Page HR, Islam A, Tan ZY, DeLalio LJ, Brooks S, Sharma P, Hong K, Xu W, Padilha AS, Ruddiman CA, Best AK, Macal E, Kim-Shapiro DB, Christ G, Yan Z, Cortese-Krott MM, Ricart K, Patel R, Bender TP, Sonkusare SK, Weiss MJ, Ackerman H, Columbus L, Isakson BE. Endothelial alpha globin is a nitrite reductase. Nat Commun 2022; 13:6405. [PMID: 36302779 PMCID: PMC9613979 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-34154-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Resistance artery vasodilation in response to hypoxia is essential for matching tissue oxygen and demand. In hypoxia, erythrocytic hemoglobin tetramers produce nitric oxide through nitrite reduction. We hypothesized that the alpha subunit of hemoglobin expressed in endothelium also facilitates nitrite reduction proximal to smooth muscle. Here, we create two mouse strains to test this: an endothelial-specific alpha globin knockout (EC Hba1Δ/Δ) and another with an alpha globin allele mutated to prevent alpha globin's inhibitory interaction with endothelial nitric oxide synthase (Hba1WT/Δ36-39). The EC Hba1Δ/Δ mice had significantly decreased exercise capacity and intracellular nitrite consumption in hypoxic conditions, an effect absent in Hba1WT/Δ36-39 mice. Hypoxia-induced vasodilation is significantly decreased in arteries from EC Hba1Δ/Δ, but not Hba1WT/Δ36-39 mice. Hypoxia also does not lower blood pressure in EC Hba1Δ/Δ mice. We conclude the presence of alpha globin in resistance artery endothelium acts as a nitrite reductase providing local nitric oxide in response to hypoxia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- T C Stevenson Keller
- Robert M Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Christophe Lechauve
- Department of Hematology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Alexander S Keller
- Robert M Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Gilson Brás Broseghini-Filho
- Robert M Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of Espirito Santo, Vitória, Brazil
| | - Joshua T Butcher
- Department of Physiological Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, USA
| | - Henry R Askew Page
- Robert M Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Aditi Islam
- Robert M Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Zhe Yin Tan
- Robert M Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Leon J DeLalio
- Robert M Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Steven Brooks
- Physiology Unit, Laboratory of Malaria and Vector Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Poonam Sharma
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Kwangseok Hong
- Department of Physical Education, College of Education, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Wenhao Xu
- Transgenic Mouse Facility, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | | | - Claire A Ruddiman
- Robert M Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Angela K Best
- Robert M Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Edgar Macal
- Robert M Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Daniel B Kim-Shapiro
- Department of Physics, Translational Science Center, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - George Christ
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Zhen Yan
- Robert M Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Miriam M Cortese-Krott
- Cardiovascular Research Laboratory, Division of Cardiology, Pneumology and Angiology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Karina Ricart
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Rakesh Patel
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Timothy P Bender
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Cancer, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Swapnil K Sonkusare
- Robert M Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Mitchell J Weiss
- Department of Hematology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Hans Ackerman
- Physiology Unit, Laboratory of Malaria and Vector Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Linda Columbus
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Brant E Isakson
- Robert M Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA.
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Bakhshinyan D, Adile AA, Liu J, Gwynne WD, Suk Y, Custers S, Burns I, Singh M, McFarlane N, Subapanditha MK, Qazi MA, Vora P, Kameda-Smith MM, Savage N, Desmond KL, Tatari N, Tran D, Seyfrid M, Hope K, Bock NA, Venugopal C, Bader GD, Singh SK. Temporal profiling of therapy resistance in human medulloblastoma identifies novel targetable drivers of recurrence. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2021; 7:eabi5568. [PMID: 34878832 PMCID: PMC8654291 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abi5568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 10/16/2021] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Medulloblastoma (MB) remains a leading cause of cancer-related mortality among children. The paucity of MB samples collected at relapse has hindered the functional understanding of molecular mechanisms driving therapy failure. New models capable of accurately recapitulating tumor progression in response to conventional therapeutic interventions are urgently needed. In this study, we developed a therapy-adapted PDX MB model that has a distinct advantage of generating human MB recurrence. The comparative gene expression analysis of MB cells collected throughout therapy led to identification of genes specifically up-regulated after therapy, including one previously undescribed in the setting of brain tumors, bactericidal/permeability-increasing fold-containing family B member 4 (BPIFB4). Subsequent functional validation resulted in a markedly diminished in vitro proliferation, self-renewal, and longevity of MB cells, translating into extended survival and reduced tumor burden in vivo. Targeting endothelial nitric oxide synthase, a downstream substrate of BPIFB4, impeded growth of several patient-derived MB lines at low nanomolar concentrations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David Bakhshinyan
- McMaster Stem Cell and Cancer Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Ashley A. Adile
- McMaster Stem Cell and Cancer Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Jeff Liu
- The Donnelly Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - William D. Gwynne
- McMaster Stem Cell and Cancer Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Yujin Suk
- McMaster Stem Cell and Cancer Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Stefan Custers
- McMaster Stem Cell and Cancer Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Ian Burns
- McMaster Stem Cell and Cancer Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Mohini Singh
- McMaster Stem Cell and Cancer Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Nicole McFarlane
- McMaster Stem Cell and Cancer Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Minomi K. Subapanditha
- McMaster Stem Cell and Cancer Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Maleeha A. Qazi
- McMaster Stem Cell and Cancer Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Parvez Vora
- McMaster Stem Cell and Cancer Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Michelle M. Kameda-Smith
- McMaster Stem Cell and Cancer Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Neil Savage
- McMaster Stem Cell and Cancer Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Kim L. Desmond
- Department of Psychology, Neuroscience and Behaviour, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Nazanin Tatari
- McMaster Stem Cell and Cancer Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Damian Tran
- McMaster Stem Cell and Cancer Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Mathieu Seyfrid
- McMaster Stem Cell and Cancer Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Kristin Hope
- McMaster Stem Cell and Cancer Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Nicholas A. Bock
- Department of Psychology, Neuroscience and Behaviour, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Chitra Venugopal
- McMaster Stem Cell and Cancer Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Gary D. Bader
- The Donnelly Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute at Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre at University Health Network, Department of Molecular Genetics and Department of Computer Science, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Sheila K. Singh
- McMaster Stem Cell and Cancer Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Corresponding author.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Garland CJ, Dora KA. Endothelium-Dependent Hyperpolarization: The Evolution of Myoendothelial Microdomains. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2021; 78:S3-S12. [PMID: 34840265 DOI: 10.1097/fjc.0000000000001087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/29/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Endothelium-derived hyperpolarizing factor (EDHF) was envisaged as a chemical entity causing vasodilation by hyperpolarizing vascular smooth muscle (VSM) cells and distinct from nitric oxide (NO) ([aka endothelium-derived relaxing factor (EDRF)]) and prostacyclin. The search for an identity for EDHF unraveled the complexity of signaling within small arteries. Hyperpolarization originates within endothelial cells (ECs), spreading to the VSM by 2 branches, 1 chemical and 1 electrical, with the relative contribution varying with artery location, branch order, and prevailing profile of VSM activation. Chemical signals vary likewise and can involve potassium ion, lipid mediators, and hydrogen peroxide, whereas electrical signaling depends on physical contacts formed by homocellular and heterocellular (myoendothelial; MEJ) gap junctions, both able to conduct hyperpolarizing current. The discovery that chemical and electrical signals each arise within ECs resulted in an evolution of the single EDHF concept into the more inclusive, EDH signaling. Recognition of the importance of MEJs and particularly the fact they can support bidirectional signaling also informed the discovery that Ca2+ signals can pass from VSM to ECs during vasoconstriction. This signaling activates negative feedback mediated by NO and EDH forming a myoendothelial feedback circuit, which may also be responsible for basal or constitutive release of NO and EDH activity. The MEJs are housed in endothelial projections, and another spin-off from investigating EDH signaling was the discovery these fine structures contain clusters of signaling proteins to regulate both hyperpolarization and NO release. So, these tiny membrane bridges serve as a signaling superhighway or infobahn, which controls vasoreactivity by responding to signals flowing back and forth between the endothelium and VSM. By allowing bidirectional signaling, MEJs enable sinusoidal vasomotion, co-ordinated cycles of widespread vasoconstriction/vasodilation that optimize time-averaged blood flow. Cardiovascular disease disrupts EC signaling and as a result vasomotion changes to vasospasm.
Collapse
|
13
|
Baranauskas MN, Freemas JA, Tan R, Carter SJ. Moving beyond inclusion: Methodological considerations for the menstrual cycle and menopause in research evaluating effects of dietary nitrate on vascular function. Nitric Oxide 2021; 118:39-48. [PMID: 34774755 DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2021.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Revised: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Recent reports have acknowledged the underrepresentation of women in the field of dietary nitrate (NO3-) research. Undoubtedly, greater participation from women is warranted to clarify potential sex differences in the responses to dietary NO3- interventions. However, careful consideration for the effects of sex hormones - principally 17β-estradiol - on endogenous nitric oxide (NO) synthesis and dietary NO3- reductase capacity is necessary for improved interpretation and reproducibility of such investigations. From available literature, we present a narrative review describing how hormonal variations across the menstrual cycle, as well as with menopause, may impact NO biosynthesis catalyzed by NO synthase enzymes and NO3- reduction via the enterosalivary pathway. In doing so, we address methodological considerations related to the menstrual cycle and hormonal contraceptive use relevant for the inclusion of premenopausal women along with factors to consider when testing postmenopausal women. Adherence to such methodological practices may explicate the utility of dietary NO3- supplementation as a means to improve vascular function among women across the lifespan.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marissa N Baranauskas
- Department of Kinesiology, School of Public Health - Bloomington, Bloomington, Indiana University, 47405, USA.
| | - Jessica A Freemas
- Department of Kinesiology, School of Public Health - Bloomington, Bloomington, Indiana University, 47405, USA
| | - Rachel Tan
- Department of Natural Science, Seaver College, Pepperdine University, 90263, USA
| | - Stephen J Carter
- Department of Kinesiology, School of Public Health - Bloomington, Bloomington, Indiana University, 47405, USA; Indiana University Melvin and Bren Simon Comprehensive Cancer Center, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Aramide Modupe Dosunmu-Ogunbi A, Galley JC, Yuan S, Schmidt HM, Wood KC, Straub AC. Redox Switches Controlling Nitric Oxide Signaling in the Resistance Vasculature and Implications for Blood Pressure Regulation: Mid-Career Award for Research Excellence 2020. Hypertension 2021; 78:912-926. [PMID: 34420371 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.121.16493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The arterial resistance vasculature modulates blood pressure and flow to match oxygen delivery to tissue metabolic demand. As such, resistance arteries and arterioles have evolved a series of highly orchestrated cell-cell communication mechanisms between endothelial cells and vascular smooth muscle cells to regulate vascular tone. In response to neurohormonal agonists, release of several intracellular molecules, including nitric oxide, evokes changes in vascular tone. We and others have uncovered novel redox switches in the walls of resistance arteries that govern nitric oxide compartmentalization and diffusion. In this review, we discuss our current understanding of redox switches controlling nitric oxide signaling in endothelial and vascular smooth muscle cells, focusing on new mechanistic insights, physiological and pathophysiological implications, and advances in therapeutic strategies for hypertension and other diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Atinuke Aramide Modupe Dosunmu-Ogunbi
- Heart, Lung, Blood and Vascular Medicine Institute (A.A.M.D.-O., J.C.G., S.Y., H.M.S., K.C.W., A.C.S.), University of Pittsburgh, PA.,Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology (A.A.M.D.-O., J.C.G., H.M.S., A.C.S), University of Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Joseph C Galley
- Heart, Lung, Blood and Vascular Medicine Institute (A.A.M.D.-O., J.C.G., S.Y., H.M.S., K.C.W., A.C.S.), University of Pittsburgh, PA.,Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology (A.A.M.D.-O., J.C.G., H.M.S., A.C.S), University of Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Shuai Yuan
- Heart, Lung, Blood and Vascular Medicine Institute (A.A.M.D.-O., J.C.G., S.Y., H.M.S., K.C.W., A.C.S.), University of Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Heidi M Schmidt
- Heart, Lung, Blood and Vascular Medicine Institute (A.A.M.D.-O., J.C.G., S.Y., H.M.S., K.C.W., A.C.S.), University of Pittsburgh, PA.,Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology (A.A.M.D.-O., J.C.G., H.M.S., A.C.S), University of Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Katherine C Wood
- Heart, Lung, Blood and Vascular Medicine Institute (A.A.M.D.-O., J.C.G., S.Y., H.M.S., K.C.W., A.C.S.), University of Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Adam C Straub
- Heart, Lung, Blood and Vascular Medicine Institute (A.A.M.D.-O., J.C.G., S.Y., H.M.S., K.C.W., A.C.S.), University of Pittsburgh, PA.,Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology (A.A.M.D.-O., J.C.G., H.M.S., A.C.S), University of Pittsburgh, PA.,Center for Microvascular Research (A.C.S.), University of Pittsburgh, PA
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Wiig H. As for blood vessels, the answer regarding lymphatics is often NO. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2021; 232:e13697. [PMID: 34057826 DOI: 10.1111/apha.13697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Helge Wiig
- Department of Biomedicine University of Bergen Bergen Norway
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Baranwal G, Creed HA, Cromer WE, Wang W, Upchurch BD, Smithhart MC, Vadlamani SS, Clark MC, Busbuso NC, Blais SN, Reyna AJ, Dongaonkar RM, Zawieja DC, Rutkowski JM. Dichotomous effects on lymphatic transport with loss of caveolae in mice. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2021; 232:e13656. [PMID: 33793057 DOI: 10.1111/apha.13656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Revised: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
AIM Fluid and macromolecule transport from the interstitium into and through lymphatic vessels is necessary for tissue homeostasis. While lymphatic capillary structure suggests that passive, paracellular transport would be the predominant route of macromolecule entry, active caveolae-mediated transcellular transport has been identified in lymphatic endothelial cells (LECs) in vitro. Caveolae also mediate a wide array of endothelial cell processes, including nitric oxide regulation. Thus, how does the lack of caveolae impact "lymphatic function"? METHODS Various aspects of lymphatic transport were measured in mice constitutively lacking caveolin-1 ("CavKO"), the protein required for caveolae formation in endothelial cells, and in mice with a LEC-specific Cav1 gene deletion (Lyve1-Cre x Cav1flox/flox ; "LyCav") and ex vivo in their vessels and cells. RESULTS In each model, lymphatic architecture was largely unchanged. The lymphatic conductance, or initial tissue uptake, was significantly higher in both CavKO mice and LyCav mice by quantitative microlymphangiography and the permeability to 70 kDa dextran was significantly increased in monolayers of LECs isolated from CavKO mice. Conversely, transport within the lymphatic system to the sentinel node was significantly reduced in anaesthetized CavKO and LyCav mice. Isolated, cannulated collecting vessel studies identified significantly reduced phasic contractility when lymphatic endothelium lacks caveolae. Inhibition of nitric oxide synthase was able to partially restore ex vivo vessel contractility. CONCLUSION Macromolecule transport across lymphatics is increased with loss of caveolae, yet phasic contractility reduced, resulting in reduced overall lymphatic transport function. These studies identify lymphatic caveolar biology as a key regulator of active lymphatic transport functions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gaurav Baranwal
- Division of Lymphatic Biology Department of Medical Physiology Texas A&M University College of Medicine Bryan TX USA
| | - Heidi A. Creed
- Division of Lymphatic Biology Department of Medical Physiology Texas A&M University College of Medicine Bryan TX USA
| | - Walter E. Cromer
- Division of Lymphatic Biology Department of Medical Physiology Texas A&M University College of Medicine Bryan TX USA
| | - Wei Wang
- Division of Lymphatic Biology Department of Medical Physiology Texas A&M University College of Medicine Bryan TX USA
| | - Bradley D. Upchurch
- Division of Lymphatic Biology Department of Medical Physiology Texas A&M University College of Medicine Bryan TX USA
| | - Matt C. Smithhart
- Division of Lymphatic Biology Department of Medical Physiology Texas A&M University College of Medicine Bryan TX USA
| | - Suman S. Vadlamani
- Division of Lymphatic Biology Department of Medical Physiology Texas A&M University College of Medicine Bryan TX USA
| | - Mary‐Catherine C. Clark
- Division of Lymphatic Biology Department of Medical Physiology Texas A&M University College of Medicine Bryan TX USA
| | | | - Stephanie N. Blais
- Division of Lymphatic Biology Department of Medical Physiology Texas A&M University College of Medicine Bryan TX USA
| | - Andrea J. Reyna
- Division of Lymphatic Biology Department of Medical Physiology Texas A&M University College of Medicine Bryan TX USA
| | - Ranjeet M. Dongaonkar
- Department of Veterinary Physiology & Pharmacology Texas A&M University College of Veterinary Medicine & Biomedical Sciences College Station TX USA
| | - David C. Zawieja
- Division of Lymphatic Biology Department of Medical Physiology Texas A&M University College of Medicine Bryan TX USA
| | - Joseph M. Rutkowski
- Division of Lymphatic Biology Department of Medical Physiology Texas A&M University College of Medicine Bryan TX USA
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Persechini A, Armbruster H, Keightley A. Investigating the landscape of intracellular [Ca 2+] in live cells by rapid photoactivated cross-linking of calmodulin-protein interactions. Cell Calcium 2021; 98:102450. [PMID: 34375924 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2021.102450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Revised: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The Ca2+ sensor protein calmodulin interacts in a Ca2+-dependent manner with a large number of proteins that among them encompass a diverse assortment of functions and subcellular localizations. A method for monitoring calmodulin-protein interactions as they occur throughout a living cell would thus uniquely enable investigations of the intracellular landscape of [Ca2+] and its relationship to cell function. We have developed such a method based on capture of calmodulin-protein interactions by rapid photoactivated cross-linking (t1/2 ∼7s) in cells stably expressing a tandem affinity tagged calmodulin that have been metabolically labeled with a photoreactive methionine analog. Tagged adducts are stringently enriched, and captured calmodulin interactors are then identified and quantified based on tandem mass spectrometry data for their tryptic peptides. In this paper we show that the capture behaviors of interactors in cells are consistent with the presence of basal microdomains of elevated [Ca2+]. Ca2+ sensitivities for capture were determined, and these suggest that [Ca2+] levels are above ∼1 μM in these regions. Although the microdomains appear to affect capture of most proteins, capture of some is at an apparent Ca2+-dependent maximum, suggesting they are targeted to the domains. Removal of extracellular Ca2+ has both immediate (5 min) and delayed (30 min) effects on capture, implying that the microdomains are supported by a combination of Ca2+ influx across the cell membrane and Ca2+ derived from internal stores. The known properties of the presumptive microdomain targeted proteins suggestroles in a variety of Ca2+-dependent basal metabolism and in formation and maintenance of the domains.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anthony Persechini
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, University of Missouri at Kansas City, 5007 Rockhill Road, Kansas City, MO, 64110, USA.
| | - Hailey Armbruster
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, University of Missouri at Kansas City, 5007 Rockhill Road, Kansas City, MO, 64110, USA
| | - Andrew Keightley
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, University of Missouri at Kansas City, 5007 Rockhill Road, Kansas City, MO, 64110, USA
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Structural, functional, and mechanistic insights uncover the fundamental role of orphan connexin-62 in platelets. Blood 2021; 137:830-843. [PMID: 32822477 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2019004575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Connexins oligomerise to form hexameric hemichannels in the plasma membrane that can further dock together on adjacent cells to form gap junctions and facilitate intercellular trafficking of molecules. In this study, we report the expression and function of an orphan connexin, connexin-62 (Cx62), in human and mouse (Cx57, mouse homolog) platelets. A novel mimetic peptide (62Gap27) was developed to target the second extracellular loop of Cx62, and 3-dimensional structural models predicted its interference with gap junction and hemichannel function. The ability of 62Gap27 to regulate both gap junction and hemichannel-mediated intercellular communication was observed using fluorescence recovery after photobleaching analysis and flow cytometry. Cx62 inhibition by 62Gap27 suppressed a range of agonist-stimulated platelet functions and impaired thrombosis and hemostasis. This was associated with elevated protein kinase A-dependent signaling in a cyclic adenosine monophosphate-independent manner and was not observed in Cx57-deficient mouse platelets (in which the selectivity of 62Gap27 for this connexin was also confirmed). Notably, Cx62 hemichannels were observed to function independently of Cx37 and Cx40 hemichannels. Together, our data reveal a fundamental role for a hitherto uncharacterized connexin in regulating the function of circulating cells.
Collapse
|
19
|
Craps S, Van Wauwe J, De Moudt S, De Munck D, Leloup AJ, Boeckx B, Vervliet T, Dheedene W, Criem N, Geeroms C, Jones EA, Zwijsen A, Lambrechts D, Fransen P, Beerens M, Luttun A. Prdm16 Supports Arterial Flow Recovery by Maintaining Endothelial Function. Circ Res 2021; 129:63-77. [PMID: 33902304 PMCID: PMC8221541 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.120.318501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Revised: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
[Figure: see text].
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Animals
- Aorta/metabolism
- Aorta/physiopathology
- Calcium/metabolism
- Calcium Signaling
- Cells, Cultured
- Collateral Circulation
- DNA-Binding Proteins/genetics
- DNA-Binding Proteins/metabolism
- Disease Models, Animal
- Endothelial Cells/metabolism
- Endothelium, Vascular/metabolism
- Endothelium, Vascular/physiopathology
- Femoral Artery/metabolism
- Femoral Artery/physiopathology
- Hindlimb/blood supply
- Ischemia/genetics
- Ischemia/metabolism
- Ischemia/physiopathology
- Male
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/metabolism
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/physiopathology
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/metabolism
- Neovascularization, Physiologic
- Regional Blood Flow
- Transcription Factors/genetics
- Transcription Factors/metabolism
- Mice
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sander Craps
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Center for Molecular and Vascular Biology (S.C., J.V.W., W.D., N.C., E.A.V.J., A.Z., M.B., A.L.), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jore Van Wauwe
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Center for Molecular and Vascular Biology (S.C., J.V.W., W.D., N.C., E.A.V.J., A.Z., M.B., A.L.), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Sofie De Moudt
- Pharmaceutical Sciences, Physiopharmacology, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium (S.D.M., D.D.M., A.J.A.L., P.F.)
| | - Dorien De Munck
- Pharmaceutical Sciences, Physiopharmacology, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium (S.D.M., D.D.M., A.J.A.L., P.F.)
| | - Arthur J.A. Leloup
- Pharmaceutical Sciences, Physiopharmacology, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium (S.D.M., D.D.M., A.J.A.L., P.F.)
| | - Bram Boeckx
- Laboratory for Translational Genetics, Department of Human Genetics (B.B., D.L.), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- VIB Center for Cancer Biology, Leuven, Belgium (B.B., D.L.)
| | - Tim Vervliet
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Signaling, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine (T.V.), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Wouter Dheedene
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Center for Molecular and Vascular Biology (S.C., J.V.W., W.D., N.C., E.A.V.J., A.Z., M.B., A.L.), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Nathan Criem
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Center for Molecular and Vascular Biology (S.C., J.V.W., W.D., N.C., E.A.V.J., A.Z., M.B., A.L.), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Carla Geeroms
- Prometheus, Division of Skeletal Tissue Engineering (C.G.), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Skeletal Biology and Engineering Research Center, Department of Development and Regeneration (C.G.), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Elizabeth A.V. Jones
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Center for Molecular and Vascular Biology (S.C., J.V.W., W.D., N.C., E.A.V.J., A.Z., M.B., A.L.), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - An Zwijsen
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Center for Molecular and Vascular Biology (S.C., J.V.W., W.D., N.C., E.A.V.J., A.Z., M.B., A.L.), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Diether Lambrechts
- Laboratory for Translational Genetics, Department of Human Genetics (B.B., D.L.), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- VIB Center for Cancer Biology, Leuven, Belgium (B.B., D.L.)
| | - Paul Fransen
- Pharmaceutical Sciences, Physiopharmacology, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium (S.D.M., D.D.M., A.J.A.L., P.F.)
| | - Manu Beerens
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Center for Molecular and Vascular Biology (S.C., J.V.W., W.D., N.C., E.A.V.J., A.Z., M.B., A.L.), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA (M.B.)
| | - Aernout Luttun
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Center for Molecular and Vascular Biology (S.C., J.V.W., W.D., N.C., E.A.V.J., A.Z., M.B., A.L.), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Mahdi A, Cortese-Krott MM, Kelm M, Li N, Pernow J. Novel perspectives on redox signaling in red blood cells and platelets in cardiovascular disease. Free Radic Biol Med 2021; 168:95-109. [PMID: 33789125 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2021.03.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The fundamental physiology of circulating red blood cells (RBCs) and platelets involving regulation of oxygen transport and hemostasis, respectively, are well-described in the literature. Their abundance in the circulation and their interaction with the vascular wall and each other have attracted the attention of other putative physiological and pathophysiological effects of these cells. RBCs and platelets are both important regulators of redox balance harboring powerful pro-oxidant and anti-oxidant (enzymatic and non-enzymatic) capacities. They are also involved in the regulation of vascular tone mainly via export of nitric oxide bioactivity and adenosine triphosphate. Of further importance are emerging observations that these cells undergo functional alterations when exposed to risk factors for cardiovascular disease and during developed cardiometabolic diseases. Under these conditions, the RBCs and platelets contribute to increased oxidative stress by their formation of reactive species including superoxide anion radical, hydrogen peroxide and peroxynitrite. These alterations trigger key changes in the vascular wall characterized by enhanced oxidative stress, reduced nitric oxide bioavailability and endothelial dysfunction. Additional pathophysiological effects are triggered in the heart resulting in increased susceptibility to ischemia-reperfusion injury with impairment in cardiac function. Pharmacological interventions aiming at restoring circulating cell function has been shown to exert marked beneficial effects on cardiovascular function. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge of RBC and platelet biology with special focus on redox biology, their roles in the development of cardiovascular disease and potential therapeutic strategies targeting RBC and platelet dysfunction. Finally, the complex and scarcely understood interaction between RBCs and platelets is discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ali Mahdi
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Miriam M Cortese-Krott
- Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology and Angiology Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University of Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Malte Kelm
- Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology and Angiology Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University of Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Nailin Li
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - John Pernow
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Cardiology, Heart and Vascular Division, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Buckley C, Zhang X, Wilson C, McCarron JG. Carbenoxolone and 18β-glycyrrhetinic acid inhibit inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate-mediated endothelial cell calcium signalling and depolarise mitochondria. Br J Pharmacol 2021; 178:896-912. [PMID: 33269468 PMCID: PMC9328419 DOI: 10.1111/bph.15329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Coordinated endothelial control of cardiovascular function is proposed to occur by endothelial cell communication via gap junctions and connexins. To study intercellular communication, the pharmacological agents carbenoxolone (CBX) and 18β-glycyrrhetinic acid (18βGA) are used widely as connexin inhibitors and gap junction blockers. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH We investigated the effects of CBX and 18βGA on intercellular Ca2+ waves, evoked by inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP3 ) in the endothelium of intact mesenteric resistance arteries. KEY RESULTS Acetycholine-evoked IP3 -mediated Ca2+ release and propagated waves were inhibited by CBX (100 μM) and 18βGA (40 μM). Unexpectedly, the Ca2+ signals were inhibited uniformly in all cells, suggesting that CBX and 18βGA reduced Ca2+ release. Localised photolysis of caged IP3 (cIP3 ) was used to provide precise spatiotemporal control of site of cell activation. Local cIP3 photolysis generated reproducible Ca2+ increases and Ca2+ waves that propagated across cells distant to the photolysis site. CBX and 18βGA each blocked Ca2+ waves in a time-dependent manner by inhibiting the initiating IP3 -evoked Ca2+ release event rather than block of gap junctions. This effect was reversed on drug washout and was unaffected by small or intermediate K+ -channel blockers. Furthermore, CBX and 18βGA each rapidly and reversibly collapsed the mitochondrial membrane potential. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS CBX and 18βGA inhibit IP3 -mediated Ca2+ release and depolarise the mitochondrial membrane potential. These results suggest that CBX and 18βGA may block cell-cell communication by acting at sites that are unrelated to gap junctions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Buckley
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK
| | - Xun Zhang
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK
| | - Calum Wilson
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK
| | - John G McCarron
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Schmidt K, de Wit C. Endothelium-Derived Hyperpolarizing Factor and Myoendothelial Coupling: The in vivo Perspective. Front Physiol 2021; 11:602930. [PMID: 33424626 PMCID: PMC7786115 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.602930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The endothelium controls vascular tone adopting blood flow to tissue needs. It releases chemical mediators [e.g., nitric oxide (NO), prostaglandins (PG)] and exerts appreciable dilation through smooth muscle hyperpolarization, thus termed endothelium-dependent hyperpolarization (EDH). Initially, EDH was attributed to release of a factor, but later it was suggested that smooth muscle hyperpolarization might be derived from radial spread of an initial endothelial hyperpolarization through heterocellular channels coupling these vascular cells. The channels are indeed present and formed by connexins that enrich in gap junctions (GJ). In vitro data suggest that myoendothelial coupling underlies EDH-type dilations as evidenced by blocking experiments as well as simultaneous, merely identical membrane potential changes in endothelial and smooth muscle cells (SMCs), which is indicative of coupling through ohmic resistors. However, connexin-deficient animals do not display any attenuation of EDH-type dilations in vivo, and endothelial and SMCs exhibit distinct and barely superimposable membrane potential changes exerted by different means in vivo. Even if studied in the exact same artery EDH-type dilation exhibits distinct features in vitro and in vivo: in isometrically mounted vessels, it is rather weak and depends on myoendothelial coupling through connexin40 (Cx40), whereas in vivo as well as in vitro under isobaric conditions it is powerful and independent of myoendothelial coupling through Cx40. It is concluded that EDH-type dilations are distinct and a significant dependence on myoendothelial coupling in vitro does not reflect the situation under physiologic conditions in vivo. Myoendothelial coupling may act as a backup mechanism that is uncovered in the absence of the powerful EDH-type response and possibly reflects a situation in a pathophysiologic environment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kjestine Schmidt
- Institut für Physiologie, Universität zu Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany.,Deutsches Zentrum für Herz-Kreislauf-Forschung (DZHK) e.V. (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Cor de Wit
- Institut für Physiologie, Universität zu Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany.,Deutsches Zentrum für Herz-Kreislauf-Forschung (DZHK) e.V. (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Bhat EA, Sajjad N. Human Pannexin 1 channel: Insight in structure-function mechanism and its potential physiological roles. Mol Cell Biochem 2021; 476:1529-1540. [PMID: 33394272 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-020-04002-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Pannexins, large non-gap junction super family exists in vertebrates, play multiple roles in different cellular functions through their ATP release. Panx1-mediated adenosine 5'-triphosphate (ATP) release plays a vital role in physiological and pathophysiological conditions and is known major extracellular molecule in purinergic signaling. To modulate their function in vivo, a proper regulation of channel is necessary. Post-translational modifications are considered to be some regulating mechanisms for PANX1, while PANX2, PANX3 have been uncharacterized to date. Through their significant evidences, PANXs exclude from gap junction and conduits ATP release and other cellular molecules from cells by various mechanisms. PANX1 is most extensive characterized and implicated in ATP signaling and inflammatory processes. Despite the constant advances, much significance of PANX1 in physiological processes remains elusive. Recently, various research groups along with our group have reported the Cryo-EM structure of Panx1 channel and uncovered the hidden functions in structure-function mechanism as well as to provide the clear understanding in physiological and pathophysiological roles. These research groups reported the novel heptameric structure with contains 4 transmembrane helices (TM), two extracellular loops and one intracellular loop with N and C terminus located at the intracellular side. In addition, the structure contains a large pore of which an inhibitor CBX act as a plug that blocking the passage of substrate. In this context, this review will present current mechanistic understanding in structure and function together with significant physiological roles particularly ATP release in health and disease. As such, this review emphasizes on recent functional properties associated with novel heptameric channel and demystifies channel-mediated ATP release function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eijaz Ahmed Bhat
- Life Science Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China.
| | - Nasreena Sajjad
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Kashmir, Hazratbal, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Mishra RC, Kyle BD, Kendrick DJ, Svystonyuk D, Kieser TM, Fedak PWM, Wulff H, Braun AP. KCa channel activation normalizes endothelial function in Type 2 Diabetic resistance arteries by improving intracellular Ca 2+ mobilization. Metabolism 2021; 114:154390. [PMID: 33039407 PMCID: PMC7736096 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2020.154390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Revised: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Endothelial dysfunction is an early pathogenic event in the progression of cardiovascular disease in patients with Type 2 Diabetes (T2D). Endothelial KCa2.3 and KCa3.1 K+ channels are important regulators of arterial diameter, and we thus hypothesized that SKA-31, a small molecule activator of KCa2.3 and KCa3.1, would positively influence agonist-evoked dilation in myogenically active resistance arteries in T2D. METHODOLOGY Arterial pressure myography was utilized to investigate endothelium-dependent vasodilation in isolated cremaster skeletal muscle resistance arteries from 22 to 24 week old T2D Goto-Kakizaki rats, age-matched Wistar controls, and small human intra-thoracic resistance arteries from T2D subjects. Agonist stimulated changes in cytosolic free Ca2+ in acutely isolated, single endothelial cells from Wistar and T2D Goto-Kakizaki cremaster and cerebral arteries were examined using Fura-2 fluorescence imaging. MAIN FINDINGS Endothelium-dependent vasodilation in response to acetylcholine (ACh) or bradykinin (BK) was significantly impaired in isolated cremaster arteries from T2D Goto-Kakizaki rats compared with Wistar controls, and similar results were observed in human intra-thoracic arteries. In contrast, inhibition of myogenic tone by sodium nitroprusside, a direct smooth muscle relaxant, was unaltered in both rat and human T2D arteries. Treatment with a threshold concentration of SKA-31 (0.3 μM) significantly enhanced vasodilatory responses to ACh and BK in arteries from T2D Goto-Kakizaki rats and human subjects, whereas only modest effects were observed in non-diabetic arteries of both species. Mechanistically, SKA-31 enhancement of evoked dilation was independent of vascular NO synthase and COX activities. Remarkably, SKA-31 treatment improved agonist-stimulated Ca2+ elevation in acutely isolated endothelial cells from T2D Goto-Kakizaki cremaster and cerebral arteries, but not from Wistar control vessels. In contrast, SKA-31 treatment did not affect intracellular Ca2+ release by the sarco/endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase (SERCA) inhibitor cyclopiazonic acid. CONCLUSIONS Collectively, our data demonstrate that KCa channel modulation can acutely restore endothelium-dependent vasodilatory responses in T2D resistance arteries from rats and humans, which appears to involve improved endothelial Ca2+ mobilization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ramesh C Mishra
- Dept. of Physiology and Pharmacology, Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Barry D Kyle
- Dept. of Physiology and Pharmacology, Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Dylan J Kendrick
- Dept. of Physiology and Pharmacology, Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Daniyil Svystonyuk
- Dept. of Cardiac Sciences, Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Teresa M Kieser
- Dept. of Cardiac Sciences, Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Paul W M Fedak
- Dept. of Cardiac Sciences, Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Heike Wulff
- Dept of Pharmacology, University of California Davis, 451 Health Sciences Drive, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Andrew P Braun
- Dept. of Physiology and Pharmacology, Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Hu Z, Riquelme MA, Gu S, Jiang JX. Regulation of Connexin Gap Junctions and Hemichannels by Calcium and Calcium Binding Protein Calmodulin. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E8194. [PMID: 33147690 PMCID: PMC7663298 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21218194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Revised: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Connexins are the structural components of gap junctions and hemichannels that mediate the communication and exchange of small molecules between cells, and between the intracellular and extracellular environment, respectively. Connexin (Cx) 46 is predominately expressed in lens fiber cells, where they function in maintaining the homeostasis and transparency of the lens. Cx46 mutations are associated with impairment of channel function, which results in the development of congenital cataracts. Cx46 gap junctions and hemichannels are closely regulated by multiple mechanisms. Key regulators of Cx46 channel function include Ca2+ and calmodulin (CaM). Ca2+ plays an essential role in lens homeostasis, and its dysregulation causes cataracts. Ca2+ associated CaM is a well-established inhibitor of gap junction coupling. Recent studies suggest that elevated intracellular Ca2+ activates Cx hemichannels in lens fiber cells and Cx46 directly interacts with CaM. A Cx46 site mutation (Cx46-G143R), which is associated with congenital Coppock cataracts, shows an increased Cx46-CaM interaction and this interaction is insensitive to Ca2+, given that depletion of Ca2+ reduces the interaction between CaM and wild-type Cx46. Moreover, inhibition of CaM function greatly reduces the hemichannel activity in the Cx46 G143R mutant. These research findings suggest a new regulatory mechanism by which enhanced association of Cx46 with CaM leads to the increase in hemichannel activity and dysregulation may lead to cataract development. In this review, we will first discuss the involvement of Ca2+/CaM in lens homeostasis and pathology, and follow by providing a general overview of Ca2+/CaM in the regulation of Cx46 gap junctions. We discuss the most recent studies concerning the molecular mechanism of Ca2+/CaM in regulating Cx46 hemichannels. Finally, we will offer perspectives of the impacts of Ca2+/CaM and dysregulation on Cx46 channels and vice versa.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhengping Hu
- Schepens Eye Research Institute of Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Boston, MA 02114, USA;
- Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Manuel A. Riquelme
- Departments of Biochemistry and Structural Biology, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA; (M.A.R.); (S.G.)
| | - Sumin Gu
- Departments of Biochemistry and Structural Biology, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA; (M.A.R.); (S.G.)
| | - Jean X. Jiang
- Departments of Biochemistry and Structural Biology, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA; (M.A.R.); (S.G.)
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Wilson C, Zhang X, Lee MD, MacDonald M, Heathcote HR, Alorfi NMN, Buckley C, Dolan S, McCarron JG. Disrupted endothelial cell heterogeneity and network organization impair vascular function in prediabetic obesity. Metabolism 2020; 111:154340. [PMID: 32791171 PMCID: PMC7538703 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2020.154340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Revised: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity is a major risk factor for diabetes and cardiovascular diseases such as hypertension, heart failure, and stroke. Impaired endothelial function occurs in the earliest stages of obesity and underlies vascular alterations that give rise to cardiovascular disease. However, the mechanisms that link weight gain to endothelial dysfunction are ill-defined. Increasing evidence suggests that endothelial cells are not a population of uniform cells but are highly heterogeneous and are organized as a communicating multicellular network that controls vascular function. PURPOSE To investigate the hypothesis that disrupted endothelial heterogeneity and network-level organization contribute to impaired vascular reactivity in obesity. METHODS AND RESULTS To study obesity-related vascular function without complications associated with diabetes, a state of prediabetic obesity was induced in rats. Small artery diameter recordings confirmed nitric-oxide mediated vasodilator responses were dependent on increases in endothelial calcium levels and were impaired in obese animals. Single-photon imaging revealed a linear relationship between blood vessel relaxation and population-wide calcium responses. Obesity did not alter the slope of this relationship, but impaired calcium responses in the endothelial cell network. The network comprised structural and functional components. The structural architecture, a hexagonal lattice network of connected cells, was unchanged in obesity. The functional network contained sub-populations of clustered specialized agonist-sensing cells from which signals were communicated through the network. In obesity there were fewer but larger clusters of sensory cells and communication path lengths between clusters increased. Communication between neighboring cells was unaltered in obesity. Altered network organization resulted in impaired, population-level calcium signaling and deficient endothelial control of vascular tone. CONCLUSIONS The distribution of cells in the endothelial network is critical in determining overall vascular response. Altered cell heterogeneity and arrangement in obesity decreases endothelial function and provides a novel framework for understanding compromised endothelial function in cardiovascular disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Calum Wilson
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, 161 Cathedral Street, Glasgow G4 0RE, UK.
| | - Xun Zhang
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, 161 Cathedral Street, Glasgow G4 0RE, UK
| | - Matthew D Lee
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, 161 Cathedral Street, Glasgow G4 0RE, UK
| | - Margaret MacDonald
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, 161 Cathedral Street, Glasgow G4 0RE, UK
| | - Helen R Heathcote
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, 161 Cathedral Street, Glasgow G4 0RE, UK
| | - Nasser M N Alorfi
- Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Glasgow Caledonian University, Glasgow G4 0BA, UK
| | - Charlotte Buckley
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, 161 Cathedral Street, Glasgow G4 0RE, UK
| | - Sharron Dolan
- Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Glasgow Caledonian University, Glasgow G4 0BA, UK
| | - John G McCarron
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, 161 Cathedral Street, Glasgow G4 0RE, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
The Role and Regulation of Pulmonary Artery Smooth Muscle Cells in Pulmonary Hypertension. Int J Hypertens 2020; 2020:1478291. [PMID: 32850144 PMCID: PMC7441461 DOI: 10.1155/2020/1478291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is one of the most devastating cardiovascular diseases worldwide and it draws much attention from numerous scientists. As an indispensable part of pulmonary artery, smooth muscle cells are worthy of being carefully investigated. To elucidate the pathogenesis of PH, several theories focusing on pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (PASMC), such as hyperproliferation, resistance to apoptosis, and cancer theory, have been proposed and widely studied. Here, we tried to summarize the studies, concentrating on the role of PASMC in the development of PH, feasible molecular basis to intervene, and potential treatment to PH.
Collapse
|
28
|
Abstract
Of the 21 members of the connexin family, 4 (Cx37, Cx40, Cx43, and Cx45) are expressed in the endothelium and/or smooth muscle of intact blood vessels to a variable and dynamically regulated degree. Full-length connexins oligomerize and form channel structures connecting the cytosol of adjacent cells (gap junctions) or the cytosol with the extracellular space (hemichannels). The different connexins vary mainly with regard to length and sequence of their cytosolic COOH-terminal tails. These COOH-terminal parts, which in the case of Cx43 are also translated as independent short isoforms, are involved in various cellular signaling cascades and regulate cell functions. This review focuses on channel-dependent and -independent effects of connexins in vascular cells. Channels play an essential role in coordinating and synchronizing endothelial and smooth muscle activity and in their interplay, in the control of vasomotor actions of blood vessels including endothelial cell reactivity to agonist stimulation, nitric oxide-dependent dilation, and endothelial-derived hyperpolarizing factor-type responses. Further channel-dependent and -independent roles of connexins in blood vessel function range from basic processes of vascular remodeling and angiogenesis to vascular permeability and interactions with leukocytes with the vessel wall. Together, these connexin functions constitute an often underestimated basis for the enormous plasticity of vascular morphology and function enabling the required dynamic adaptation of the vascular system to varying tissue demands.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ulrich Pohl
- Walter-Brendel-Centre of Experimental Medicine, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany; Biomedical Centre, Cardiovascular Physiology, LMU Munich, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany; German Centre for Cardiovascular Research, Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany; and Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Cao W, Wu L, Zhang X, Zhou J, Wang J, Yang Z, Su H, Liu Y, Wilcox CS, Hou FF. Sympathetic Overactivity in CKD Disrupts Buffering of Neurotransmission by Endothelium-Derived Hyperpolarizing Factor and Enhances Vasoconstriction. J Am Soc Nephrol 2020; 31:2312-2325. [PMID: 32616538 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2020030234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hypertension commonly complicates CKD. Vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) of resistance arteries receive signals from the sympathetic nervous system that induce an endothelial cell (EC)-dependent anticontractile response that moderates vasoconstriction. However, the specific role of this pathway in the enhanced vasoconstriction in CKD is unknown. METHODS A mouse model of CKD hypertension generated with 5/6-nephrectomy (5/6Nx) was used to investigate the hypothesis that an impaired anticontractile mechanism enhances sympathetic vasoconstriction. In vivo, ex vivo (isolated mesenteric resistance arteries), and in vitro (VSMC and EC coculture) models demonstrated neurovascular transmission and its contribution to vascular resistance. RESULTS By 4 weeks, 5/6Nx mice (versus sham) had augmented increases in mesenteric vascular resistance and mean arterial pressure with carotid artery occlusion, accompanied by decreased connexin 43 (Cx43) expression at myoendothelial junctions (MEJs), impaired gap junction function, decreased EC-dependent hyperpolarization (EDH), and enhanced contractions. Exposure of VSMCs to NE for 24 hours in a vascular cell coculture decreased MEJ Cx43 expression and MEJ gap junction function. These changes preceded vascular structural changes evident only at week 8. Inhibition of central sympathetic outflow or transfection of Cx43 normalized neurovascular transmission and vasoconstriction in 5/6Nx mice. CONCLUSIONS 5/6Nx mice have enhanced neurovascular transmission and vasoconstriction from an impaired EDH anticontractile component before vascular structural changes. These neurovascular changes depend on an enhanced sympathetic discharge that impairs the expression of Cx43 in gap junctions at MEJs, thereby interrupting EDH responses that normally moderate vascular tone. Dysregulation of neurovascular transmission may contribute to the development of hypertension in CKD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Cao
- Division of Nephrology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Disease, Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Liling Wu
- Division of Nephrology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Disease, Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaodong Zhang
- Division of Nephrology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Disease, Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Zhou
- Division of Nephrology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Disease, Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhichen Yang
- Division of Nephrology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Disease, Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Huanjuan Su
- Division of Nephrology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Disease, Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Youhua Liu
- Division of Nephrology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Disease, Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Christopher S Wilcox
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Georgetown University Medical Central, Washington, DC
| | - Fan Fan Hou
- Division of Nephrology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Disease, Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Lemmey HAL, Garland CJ, Dora KA. Intrinsic regulation of microvascular tone by myoendothelial feedback circuits. CURRENT TOPICS IN MEMBRANES 2020; 85:327-355. [PMID: 32402644 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ctm.2020.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The endothelium is an important regulator of arterial vascular tone, acting to release nitric oxide (NO) and open Ca2+-activated K+ (KCa) channels to relax vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). While agonists acting at endothelial cell (EC) receptors are widely used to assess the ability of the endothelium to reduce vascular tone, the intrinsic EC-dependent mechanisms are less well characterized. In small resistance arteries and arterioles, the presence of heterocellular gap junctions termed myoendothelial gap junctions (MEGJs) allows the passage of not only current, but small molecules including Ca2+ and inositol trisphosphate (IP3). When stimulated to contract, the increase in VSM Ca2+ and IP3 can therefore potentially pass through MEGJs to activate adjacent ECs. This activation releases NO and opens KCa channels, which act to limit contraction. This myoendothelial feedback (MEF) is amplified by EC Ca2+ influx and release pathways, and is dynamically modulated by processes regulating gap junction conductance. There is a remarkable localization of key signaling and regulatory proteins within the EC projection toward VSM, and the intrinsic EC-dependent signaling pathways occurring with this highly specialized microdomain are reviewed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hamish A L Lemmey
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | | | - Kim A Dora
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Shu X, Ruddiman CA, Keller TCS, Keller AS, Yang Y, Good ME, Best AK, Columbus L, Isakson BE. Heterocellular Contact Can Dictate Arterial Function. Circ Res 2020; 124:1473-1481. [PMID: 30900949 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.118.313926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Resistance arteries and conduit arteries rely on different relative contributions of endothelial-derived hyperpolarization versus nitric oxide to achieve dilatory heterocellular signaling. Anatomically, resistance arteries use myoendothelial junctions (MEJs), endothelial cell projections that make contact with smooth muscle cells. Conduit arteries have very few to no MEJs. OBJECTIVE Determine if the presence of MEJs in conduit arteries can alter heterocellular signaling. METHODS AND RESULTS We previously demonstrated that PAI-1 (plasminogen activator inhibitor-1) can regulate formation of MEJs. Thus, we applied pluronic gel containing PAI-1 directly to conduit arteries (carotid arteries) to determine if this could induce formation of MEJs. We found a significant increase in endothelial cell projections resembling MEJs that correlated with increased biocytin dye transfer from endothelial cells to smooth muscle cells. Next, we used pressure myography to investigate whether these structural changes were accompanied by a functional change in vasodilatory signaling. Interestingly, PAI-1-treated carotids underwent a switch from a conduit to resistance artery vasodilatory profile via diminished nitric oxide signaling and increased endothelial-derived hyperpolarization signaling in response to the endothelium-dependent agonists acetylcholine and NS309. After PAI-1 application, we also found a significant increase in carotid expression of endothelial alpha globin, a protein predominantly expressed in resistance arteries. Carotids from mice with PAI-1, but lacking alpha globin (Hba1-/-), demonstrated that l-nitro-arginine methyl ester, an inhibitor of nitric oxide signaling, was able to prevent arterial relaxation. CONCLUSIONS The presence or absence of MEJs is an important determinant for influencing heterocellular communication in the arterial wall. In particular, alpha globin expression, induced within newly formed endothelial cell projections, may influence the balance between endothelial-derived hyperpolarization and nitric oxide-mediated vasodilation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohong Shu
- From the Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center (X.S., C.A.R., T.C.S.K., A.S.K., Y.Y., M.E.G., A.K.B., B.E.I.), University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville.,College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, China (X.S., Y.Y.)
| | - Claire A Ruddiman
- From the Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center (X.S., C.A.R., T.C.S.K., A.S.K., Y.Y., M.E.G., A.K.B., B.E.I.), University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville.,Department of Pharmacology (C.A.R., A.S.K.), University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville
| | - T C Stevenson Keller
- From the Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center (X.S., C.A.R., T.C.S.K., A.S.K., Y.Y., M.E.G., A.K.B., B.E.I.), University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville.,Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics (T.C.S.K., B.E.I.), University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville
| | - Alexander S Keller
- From the Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center (X.S., C.A.R., T.C.S.K., A.S.K., Y.Y., M.E.G., A.K.B., B.E.I.), University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville.,Department of Pharmacology (C.A.R., A.S.K.), University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville
| | - Yang Yang
- From the Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center (X.S., C.A.R., T.C.S.K., A.S.K., Y.Y., M.E.G., A.K.B., B.E.I.), University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville.,College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, China (X.S., Y.Y.)
| | - Miranda E Good
- From the Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center (X.S., C.A.R., T.C.S.K., A.S.K., Y.Y., M.E.G., A.K.B., B.E.I.), University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville
| | - Angela K Best
- From the Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center (X.S., C.A.R., T.C.S.K., A.S.K., Y.Y., M.E.G., A.K.B., B.E.I.), University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville
| | - Linda Columbus
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville (L.C.)
| | - Brant E Isakson
- From the Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center (X.S., C.A.R., T.C.S.K., A.S.K., Y.Y., M.E.G., A.K.B., B.E.I.), University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville.,Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics (T.C.S.K., B.E.I.), University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Cellular microdomains for nitric oxide signaling in endothelium and red blood cells. Nitric Oxide 2020; 96:44-53. [PMID: 31911123 DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2020.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Revised: 12/23/2019] [Accepted: 01/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
There is accumulating evidence that biological membranes are not just homogenous lipid structures, but are highly organized in microdomains, i.e. compartmentalized areas of protein and lipid complexes, which facilitate necessary interactions for various signaling pathways. Each microdomain exhibits unique composition, membrane location and dynamics, which ultimately shape their functional characteristics. In the vasculature, microdomains are crucial for organizing and compartmentalizing vasodilatory signals that contribute to blood pressure homeostasis. In this review we aim to describe how membrane microdomains in both the endothelium and red blood cells allow context-specific regulation of the vasodilatory signal nitric oxide (NO) and its corresponding metabolic products, and how this results in tightly controlled systemic physiological responses. We will describe (1) structural characteristics of microdomains including lipid rafts and caveolae; (2) endothelial cell caveolae and how they participate in mechanosensing and NO-dependent mechanotransduction; (3) the myoendothelial junction of resistance arterial endothelial cells and how protein-protein interactions within it have profound systemic effects on blood pressure regulation, and (4) putative/proposed NO microdomains in RBCs and how they participate in control of systemic NO bioavailability. The sum of these discussions will provide a current view of NO regulation by cellular microdomains.
Collapse
|
33
|
Krüger N, Biwer LA, Good ME, Ruddiman CA, Wolpe AG, DeLalio LJ, Murphy S, Macal EH, Ragolia L, Serbulea V, Best AK, Leitinger N, Harris TE, Sonkusare SK, Gödecke A, Isakson BE. Loss of Endothelial FTO Antagonizes Obesity-Induced Metabolic and Vascular Dysfunction. Circ Res 2019; 126:232-242. [PMID: 31801409 PMCID: PMC7007767 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.119.315531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Increasing prevalence of obesity and its associated risk with cardiovascular diseases demands a better understanding of the contribution of different cell types within this complex disease for developing new treatment options. Previous studies could prove a fundamental role of FTO (fat mass and obesity-associated protein) within obesity; however, its functional role within different cell types is less understood. OBJECTIVES We identify endothelial FTO as a previously unknown central regulator of both obesity-induced metabolic and vascular alterations. METHODS AND RESULTS We generated endothelial Fto-deficient mice and analyzed the impact of obesity on those mice. While the loss of endothelial FTO did not influence the development of obesity and dyslipidemia, it protected mice from high-fat diet-induced glucose intolerance and insulin resistance by increasing AKT (protein kinase B) phosphorylation in endothelial cells and skeletal muscle. Furthermore, loss of endothelial FTO prevented the development of obesity-induced hypertension by preserving myogenic tone in resistance arteries. In Fto-deficient arteries, microarray analysis identified upregulation of L-Pgds with significant increases in prostaglandin D2 levels. Blockade of prostaglandin D2 synthesis inhibited the myogenic tone protection in resistance arteries of endothelial Fto-deficient mice on high-fat diet; conversely, direct addition of prostaglandin D2 rescued myogenic tone in high-fat diet-fed control mice. Myogenic tone was increased in obese human arteries with FTO inhibitors or prostaglandin D2 application. CONCLUSIONS These data identify endothelial FTO as a previously unknown regulator in the development of obesity-induced metabolic and vascular changes, which is independent of its known function in regulation of obesity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nenja Krüger
- Robert M Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine
- Institute of Animal Developmental and Molecular Biology, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Lauren A Biwer
- Robert M Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, University of Virginia School of Medicine, PO Box 801394, Charlottesville, VA 22908 USA
| | - Miranda E Good
- Robert M Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine
| | - Claire A. Ruddiman
- Robert M Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia School of Medicine
| | - Abigail G. Wolpe
- Robert M Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Virginia School of Medicine
| | - Leon J DeLalio
- Robert M Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia School of Medicine
| | - Sara Murphy
- Robert M Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine
| | - Edgar H. Macal
- Robert M Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine
| | - Louis Ragolia
- Department of Biomedical Research, NYU Winthrop University Hospital, NYU Long Island School of Medicine
| | - Vlad Serbulea
- Robert M Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, University of Virginia School of Medicine, PO Box 801394, Charlottesville, VA 22908 USA
| | - Angela K Best
- Robert M Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine
| | - Norbert Leitinger
- Robert M Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia School of Medicine
| | - Thurl E. Harris
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia School of Medicine
| | - Swapnil K Sonkusare
- Robert M Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, University of Virginia School of Medicine, PO Box 801394, Charlottesville, VA 22908 USA
| | - Axel Gödecke
- Institute of Cardiovascular Physiology, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Brant E Isakson
- Robert M Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, University of Virginia School of Medicine, PO Box 801394, Charlottesville, VA 22908 USA
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Shigemura M, Lecuona E, Angulo M, Homma T, Rodríguez DA, Gonzalez-Gonzalez FJ, Welch LC, Amarelle L, Kim SJ, Kaminski N, Budinger GRS, Solway J, Sznajder JI. Hypercapnia increases airway smooth muscle contractility via caspase-7-mediated miR-133a-RhoA signaling. Sci Transl Med 2019; 10:10/457/eaat1662. [PMID: 30185650 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aat1662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2018] [Revised: 06/07/2018] [Accepted: 08/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The elevation of carbon dioxide (CO2) in tissues and the bloodstream (hypercapnia) occurs in patients with severe lung diseases, including chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Whereas hypercapnia has been recognized as a marker of COPD severity, a role for hypercapnia in disease pathogenesis remains unclear. We provide evidence that CO2 acts as a signaling molecule in mouse and human airway smooth muscle cells. High CO2 activated calcium-calpain signaling and consequent smooth muscle cell contraction in mouse airway smooth muscle cells. The signaling was mediated by caspase-7-induced down-regulation of the microRNA-133a (miR-133a) and consequent up-regulation of Ras homolog family member A and myosin light-chain phosphorylation. Exposure of wild-type, but not caspase-7-null, mice to hypercapnia increased airway contraction and resistance. Deletion of the Caspase-7 gene prevented hypercapnia-induced airway contractility, which was restored by lentiviral transfection of a miR-133a antagonist. In a cohort of patients with severe COPD, hypercapnic patients had higher airway resistance, which improved after correction of hypercapnia. Our data suggest a specific molecular mechanism by which the development of hypercapnia may drive COPD pathogenesis and progression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Masahiko Shigemura
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.,First Department of Medicine, Hokkaido University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Emilia Lecuona
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Martín Angulo
- Pathophysiology Department, School of Medicine, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Tetsuya Homma
- Division of Allergology and Respiratory Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Diego A Rodríguez
- Pulmonology Department, Hospital del Mar, Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Me`diques, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), ISCiii, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Lynn C Welch
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Luciano Amarelle
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.,Pathophysiology Department, School of Medicine, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Seok-Jo Kim
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.,Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Jesse Brown Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Naftali Kaminski
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - G R Scott Budinger
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Julian Solway
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Jacob I Sznajder
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Wettschureck N, Strilic B, Offermanns S. Passing the Vascular Barrier: Endothelial Signaling Processes Controlling Extravasation. Physiol Rev 2019; 99:1467-1525. [PMID: 31140373 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00037.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
A central function of the vascular endothelium is to serve as a barrier between the blood and the surrounding tissue of the body. At the same time, solutes and cells have to pass the endothelium to leave or to enter the bloodstream to maintain homeostasis. Under pathological conditions, for example, inflammation, permeability for fluid and cells is largely increased in the affected area, thereby facilitating host defense. To appropriately function as a regulated permeability filter, the endothelium uses various mechanisms to allow solutes and cells to pass the endothelial layer. These include transcellular and paracellular pathways of which the latter requires remodeling of intercellular junctions for its regulation. This review provides an overview on endothelial barrier regulation and focuses on the endothelial signaling mechanisms controlling the opening and closing of paracellular pathways for solutes and cells such as leukocytes and metastasizing tumor cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nina Wettschureck
- Department of Pharmacology, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research , Bad Nauheim , Germany ; and Centre for Molecular Medicine, Medical Faculty, J.W. Goethe University Frankfurt , Frankfurt , Germany
| | - Boris Strilic
- Department of Pharmacology, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research , Bad Nauheim , Germany ; and Centre for Molecular Medicine, Medical Faculty, J.W. Goethe University Frankfurt , Frankfurt , Germany
| | - Stefan Offermanns
- Department of Pharmacology, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research , Bad Nauheim , Germany ; and Centre for Molecular Medicine, Medical Faculty, J.W. Goethe University Frankfurt , Frankfurt , Germany
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Integrative multi-omic analysis identifies new drivers and pathways in molecularly distinct subtypes of ALS. Sci Rep 2019; 9:9968. [PMID: 31292500 PMCID: PMC6620285 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-46355-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2018] [Accepted: 06/04/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is an incurable and fatal neurodegenerative disease. Increasing the chances of success for future clinical strategies requires more in-depth knowledge of the molecular basis underlying disease heterogeneity. We recently laid the foundation for a molecular taxonomy of ALS by whole-genome expression profiling of motor cortex from sporadic ALS (SALS) patients. Here, we analyzed copy number variants (CNVs) occurring in the same patients, by using a customized exon-centered comparative genomic hybridization array (aCGH) covering a large panel of ALS-related genes. A large number of novel and known disease-associated CNVs were detected in SALS samples, including several subgroup-specific loci, suggestive of a great divergence of two subgroups at the molecular level. Integrative analysis of copy number profiles with their associated transcriptomic data revealed subtype-specific genomic perturbations and candidate driver genes positively correlated with transcriptional signatures, suggesting a strong interaction between genomic and transcriptomic events in ALS pathogenesis. The functional analysis confirmed our previous pathway-based characterization of SALS subtypes and identified 24 potential candidates for genomic-based patient stratification. To our knowledge, this is the first comprehensive "omics" analysis of molecular events characterizing SALS pathology, providing a road map to facilitate genome-guided personalized diagnosis and treatments for this devastating disease.
Collapse
|
37
|
Stratton MS, Farina FM, Elia L. Epigenetics and vascular diseases. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2019; 133:148-163. [PMID: 31211956 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2019.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Revised: 05/17/2019] [Accepted: 06/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease remains the number one cause of death and disability worldwide despite significant improvements in diagnosis, prevention, and early intervention efforts. There is an urgent need for improved understanding of cardiovascular processes responsible for disease development in order to develop more effective therapeutic strategies. Recent knowledge gleaned from the study of epigenetic mechanisms in the vasculature has uncovered new potential targets for intervention. Herein, we provide an overview of epigenetic mechanism, and review recent findings related to epigenetics in vascular diseases, highlighting classical epigenetic mechanism such as DNA methylation and histone modification as well as the newly discovered non-coding RNA mechanisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew S Stratton
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, United States of America.
| | - Floriana Maria Farina
- Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Via Manzoni 113, 20089 Rozzano, MI, Italy; Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Italy
| | - Leonardo Elia
- Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Via Manzoni 113, 20089 Rozzano, MI, Italy; Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Mishra RC, Rahman MM, Davis MJ, Wulff H, Hill MA, Braun AP. Alpha 1 -adrenergic stimulation selectively enhances endothelium-mediated vasodilation in rat cremaster arteries. Physiol Rep 2019; 6:e13703. [PMID: 29756401 PMCID: PMC5949301 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.13703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2018] [Revised: 03/19/2018] [Accepted: 04/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
We have systematically investigated how vascular smooth muscle α1‐adrenoceptor activation impacts endothelium‐mediated vasodilation in isolated, myogenically active, rat cremaster muscle 1A arteries. Cannulated cremaster arteries were pressurized intraluminally to 70 mmHg to induce myogenic tone, and exposed to vasoactive agents via bath superfusion at 34°C. Smooth muscle membrane potential was measured via sharp microelectrode recordings in pressurized, myogenic arteries. The α1‐adrenergic agonist phenylephrine (25–100 nmol/L) produced further constriction of myogenic arteries, but did not alter the vasorelaxant responses to acetylcholine (0.3 μmol/L), SKA‐31 (an activator of endothelial Ca2+‐dependent K+ channels) (3 μmol/L) or sodium nitroprusside (10 μmol/L). Exposure to 0.25–1 μmol/L phenylephrine or 1 μmol/L norepinephrine generated more robust constrictions, and also enhanced the vasodilations evoked by acetylcholine and SKA‐31, but not by sodium nitroprusside. In contrast, the thromboxane receptor agonist U46619 (250 nmol/L) dampened responses to all three vasodilators. Phenylephrine exposure depolarized myogenic arteries, and mimicking this effect with 4‐aminopyridine (1 mmol/L) was sufficient to augment the SKA‐31‐evoked vasodilation. Inhibition of L‐type Ca2+ channels by 1 μmol/L nifedipine decreased myogenic tone, phenylephrine‐induced constriction and prevented α1‐adrenergic enhancement of endothelium‐evoked vasodilation; these latter deficits were overcome by exposure to 3 and 10 μmol/L phenylephrine. Mechanistically, augmentation of ACh‐evoked dilation by phenylephrine was dampened by eNOS inhibition and abolished by blockade of endothelial KCa channels. Collectively, these data suggest that increasing α1‐adrenoceptor activation beyond a threshold level augments endothelium‐evoked vasodilation, likely by triggering transcellular signaling between smooth muscle and the endothelium. Physiologically, this negative feedback process may serve as a “brake” to limit the extent of vasoconstriction in the skeletal microcirculation evoked by the elevated sympathetic tone.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ramesh C Mishra
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Mohammad M Rahman
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Michael J Davis
- Dalton Cardiovascular Research Institute and Dept. of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Heike Wulff
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California Davis, Davis, California
| | - Michael A Hill
- Dalton Cardiovascular Research Institute and Dept. of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Andrew P Braun
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Caligiuri G. Mechanotransduction, immunoregulation, and metabolic functions of CD31 in cardiovascular pathophysiology. Cardiovasc Res 2019; 115:1425-1434. [DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvz132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2019] [Revised: 05/02/2019] [Accepted: 05/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Biomechanical changes in the heart and vessels drive rapid and dynamic regulation of blood flow, a vital process for meeting the changing metabolic needs of the peripheral tissues at any given point in time. The fluid movement of the blood exerts haemodynamic stress upon the solid elements of the cardiovascular system: the heart, vessels, and cellular components of the blood. Cardiovascular diseases can lead to prolonged mechanical stress, such as cardiac remodelling during heart failure or vascular stiffening in atherosclerosis. This can lead to a significantly reduced or increasingly turbulent blood supply, inducing a shift in cellular metabolism that, amongst other effects, can trigger the release of reactive oxygen species and initiate a self-perpetuating cycle of inflammation and oxidative stress. CD31 is the most abundant constitutive co-signalling receptor glycoprotein on endothelial cells, which line the cardiovascular system and form the first-line of cellular contact with the blood. By associating with most endothelial receptors involved in mechanosensing, CD31 regulates the response to biomechanical stimuli. In addition, by relocating in the lipid rafts of endothelial cells as well as of cells stably interacting with the endothelium, including leucocytes and platelets, CD31–CD31 trans-homophilic engagement guides and restrains platelet and immune cell accumulation and activation and at sites of damage. In this way, CD31 is at the centre of mediating mechanical, metabolic, and immunological changes within the circulation and provides a single target that may have pleiotropic beneficial effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppina Caligiuri
- Université de Paris, Cardiovascular Immunobiology, UMRS1148, INSERM, Paris, France
- Cardiology Department and Physiology Departments, AP-HP, University Hospital Xavier Bichat, 46 Rue Henri Huchard, Paris, France
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Alaaeddine RA, Mroueh A, Gust S, Eid AH, Plane F, El-Yazbi AF. Impaired cross-talk between NO and hyperpolarization in myoendothelial feedback: a novel therapeutic target in early endothelial dysfunction of metabolic disease. Curr Opin Pharmacol 2019; 45:33-41. [DOI: 10.1016/j.coph.2019.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2018] [Revised: 02/12/2019] [Accepted: 03/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
|
41
|
Behringer EJ, Hakim MA. Functional Interaction among K Ca and TRP Channels for Cardiovascular Physiology: Modern Perspectives on Aging and Chronic Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20061380. [PMID: 30893836 PMCID: PMC6471369 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20061380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2019] [Revised: 03/07/2019] [Accepted: 03/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Effective delivery of oxygen and essential nutrients to vital organs and tissues throughout the body requires adequate blood flow supplied through resistance vessels. The intimate relationship between intracellular calcium ([Ca2+]i) and regulation of membrane potential (Vm) is indispensable for maintaining blood flow regulation. In particular, Ca2+-activated K+ (KCa) channels were ascertained as transducers of elevated [Ca2+]i signals into hyperpolarization of Vm as a pathway for decreasing vascular resistance, thereby enhancing blood flow. Recent evidence also supports the reverse role for KCa channels, in which they facilitate Ca2+ influx into the cell interior through open non-selective cation (e.g., transient receptor potential; TRP) channels in accord with robust electrical (hyperpolarization) and concentration (~20,000-fold) transmembrane gradients for Ca2+. Such an arrangement supports a feed-forward activation of Vm hyperpolarization while potentially boosting production of nitric oxide. Furthermore, in vascular types expressing TRP channels but deficient in functional KCa channels (e.g., collecting lymphatic endothelium), there are profound alterations such as downstream depolarizing ionic fluxes and the absence of dynamic hyperpolarizing events. Altogether, this review is a refined set of evidence-based perspectives focused on the role of the endothelial KCa and TRP channels throughout multiple experimental animal models and vascular types. We discuss the diverse interactions among KCa and TRP channels to integrate Ca2+, oxidative, and electrical signaling in the context of cardiovascular physiology and pathology. Building from a foundation of cellular biophysical data throughout a wide and diverse compilation of significant discoveries, a translational narrative is provided for readers toward the treatment and prevention of chronic, age-related cardiovascular disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Erik J Behringer
- Department of Basic Sciences, 11041 Campus Street, Risley Hall, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA.
| | - Md A Hakim
- Department of Basic Sciences, 11041 Campus Street, Risley Hall, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Pogoda K, Kameritsch P, Mannell H, Pohl U. Connexins in the control of vasomotor function. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2019; 225:e13108. [PMID: 29858558 DOI: 10.1111/apha.13108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2017] [Revised: 05/25/2018] [Accepted: 05/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Vascular endothelial cells, as well as smooth muscle cells, show heterogeneity with regard to their receptor expression and reactivity. For the vascular wall to act as a functional unit, the various cells' responses require integration. Such an integration is not only required for a homogeneous response of the vascular wall, but also for the vasomotor behaviour of consecutive segments of the microvascular arteriolar tree. As flow resistances of individual sections are connected in series, sections require synchronization and coordination to allow effective changes of conductivity and blood flow. A prerequisite for the local coordination of individual vascular cells and different sections of an arteriolar tree is intercellular communication. Connexins are involved in a dual manner in this coordination. (i) By forming gap junctions between cells, they allow an intercellular exchange of signalling molecules and electrical currents. In particular, the spread of electrical currents allows for coordination of cell responses over longer distances. (ii) Connexins are able to interact with other proteins to form signalling complexes. In this way, they can modulate and integrate individual cells' responses also in a channel-independent manner. This review outlines mechanisms allowing the vascular connexins to exert their coordinating function and to regulate the vasomotor reactions of blood vessels both locally, and in vascular networks. Wherever possible, we focus on the vasomotor behaviour of small vessels and arterioles which are the main vessels determining vascular resistance, blood pressure and local blood flow.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K. Pogoda
- Walter-Brendel-Centre of Experimental Medicine; University Hospital; LMU Munich; Munich Germany
- Biomedical Center; Cardiovascular Physiology; LMU Munich; Munich Germany
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research); Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance; Munich Germany
| | - P. Kameritsch
- Walter-Brendel-Centre of Experimental Medicine; University Hospital; LMU Munich; Munich Germany
- Biomedical Center; Cardiovascular Physiology; LMU Munich; Munich Germany
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research); Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance; Munich Germany
| | - H. Mannell
- Walter-Brendel-Centre of Experimental Medicine; University Hospital; LMU Munich; Munich Germany
- Biomedical Center; Cardiovascular Physiology; LMU Munich; Munich Germany
| | - U. Pohl
- Walter-Brendel-Centre of Experimental Medicine; University Hospital; LMU Munich; Munich Germany
- Biomedical Center; Cardiovascular Physiology; LMU Munich; Munich Germany
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research); Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance; Munich Germany
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy); Munich Germany
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Barbee KA, Parikh JB, Liu Y, Buerk DG, Jaron D. Effect of spatial heterogeneity and colocalization of eNOS and capacitative calcium entry channels on shear stress-induced NO production by endothelial cells: A modeling approach. Cell Mol Bioeng 2018; 11:143-155. [PMID: 30288177 DOI: 10.1007/s12195-018-0520-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Colocalization of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) and capacitative Ca2+ entry (CCE) channels in microdomains such as cavaeolae in endothelial cells (ECs) has been shown to significantly affect intracellular Ca2+ dynamics and NO production, but the effect has not been well quantified. Methods We developed a two-dimensional continuum model of an EC integrating shear stress-mediated ATP production, intracellular Ca2+ mobilization, and eNOS activation to investigate the effects of spatial colocalization of plasma membrane eNOS and CCE channels on Ca2+ dynamics and NO production in response to flow-induced shear stress. Our model examines the hypothesis that subcellular colocalization of cellular components can be critical for optimal coupling of NO production to blood flow. Results Our simulations predict that heterogeneity of CCE can result in formation of microdomains with significantly higher Ca2+ compared to the average cytosolic Ca2+. Ca2+ buffers with lower or no mobility further enhanced Ca2+ gradients relative to mobile buffers. Colocalization of eNOS to CCE channels significantly increased NO production. Conclusions Our results provide quantitative understanding for the role of spatial heterogeneity and the compartmentalization of signals in regulation of shear stress-induced NO production.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth A Barbee
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Science and Health Systems, Drexel University, 3140 Market St., Bossone 704, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
| | - Jaimit B Parikh
- IBM Thomas J. Watson Research Center, 1101 Kitchawan Rd., Yorktown Heights, NY USA 10598
| | - Yien Liu
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Science and Health Systems, Drexel University, 3140 Market St., Bossone 704, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
| | - Donald G Buerk
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Science and Health Systems, Drexel University, 3140 Market St., Bossone 704, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
| | - Dov Jaron
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Science and Health Systems, Drexel University, 3140 Market St., Bossone 704, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Varela-Guruceaga M, Milagro FI, Martínez JA, de Miguel C. Effect of hypoxia on caveolae-related protein expression and insulin signaling in adipocytes. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2018; 473:257-267. [PMID: 29407195 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2018.01.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2017] [Revised: 01/18/2018] [Accepted: 01/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is characterized by hypertrophy and hyperplasia of adipose tissue, which have been related to the development of hypoxia and insulin resistance. On the other hand, caveolin-1 (Cav-1), one of the main proteins of caveolae, promotes insulin receptor (IR) phosphorylation and the subsequent activation of insulin signaling. In this work we investigated the effect of hypoxia on Cav-1 regulation and the status of insulin signaling in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Our results showed that hypoxia inhibited adipogenesis and insulin signaling in adipocytes. Furthermore, 48 h of hypoxia reduced insulin-induced glucose uptake while increased basal glucose uptake. This result was consistent with the upregulation of glucose transporter GLUT1 and the downregulation of GLUT4, which also showed defective translocation to plasma membrane when adipocytes were stimulated with insulin. In addition, the expression of caveolae-related proteins was reduced by hypoxia and chromatin immunoprecipitation assay demonstrated that Cav-1 transcription was directly regulated by HIF-1. These results strengthen the role of caveolae in insulin signaling and help to explain adipocyte response to hypoxia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Varela-Guruceaga
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain, C/ Irunlarrea 1, 31008, Pamplona, Navarra, Spain; Centre for Nutrition Research, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain, C/ Irunlarrea 1, 31008, Pamplona, Navarra, Spain
| | - F I Milagro
- Centre for Nutrition Research, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain, C/ Irunlarrea 1, 31008, Pamplona, Navarra, Spain; Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences and Physiology, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain, C/ Irunlarrea 1, 31008, Pamplona, Navarra, Spain; CIBERobn, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de la Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Carlos III Health Research Institute, Madrid, Spain
| | - J A Martínez
- Centre for Nutrition Research, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain, C/ Irunlarrea 1, 31008, Pamplona, Navarra, Spain; Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences and Physiology, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain, C/ Irunlarrea 1, 31008, Pamplona, Navarra, Spain; CIBERobn, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de la Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Carlos III Health Research Institute, Madrid, Spain
| | - C de Miguel
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain, C/ Irunlarrea 1, 31008, Pamplona, Navarra, Spain; Centre for Nutrition Research, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain, C/ Irunlarrea 1, 31008, Pamplona, Navarra, Spain; CIBERobn, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de la Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Carlos III Health Research Institute, Madrid, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Molica F, Figueroa XF, Kwak BR, Isakson BE, Gibbins JM. Connexins and Pannexins in Vascular Function and Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19061663. [PMID: 29874791 PMCID: PMC6032213 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19061663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2018] [Revised: 05/28/2018] [Accepted: 05/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Connexins (Cxs) and pannexins (Panxs) are ubiquitous membrane channel forming proteins that are critically involved in many aspects of vascular physiology and pathology. The permeation of ions and small metabolites through Panx channels, Cx hemichannels and gap junction channels confers a crucial role to these proteins in intercellular communication and in maintaining tissue homeostasis. This review provides an overview of current knowledge with respect to the pathophysiological role of these channels in large arteries, the microcirculation, veins, the lymphatic system and platelet function. The essential nature of these membrane proteins in vascular homeostasis is further emphasized by the pathologies that are linked to mutations and polymorphisms in Cx and Panx genes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Filippo Molica
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, University of Geneva, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland.
| | - Xavier F Figueroa
- Departamento de Fisiología, Faculdad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontifica Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8330025, Chile.
| | - Brenda R Kwak
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, University of Geneva, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland.
| | - Brant E Isakson
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA.
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA.
| | - Jonathan M Gibbins
- Institute for Cardiovascular & Metabolic Research, School of Biological Sciences, Harborne Building, University of Reading, Reading RG6 6AS, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
From Physiological Redox Signalling to Oxidant Stress. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2018; 967:335-342. [PMID: 29047097 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-63245-2_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Oxidant stress is strongly associated with cardiovascular disease, including pulmonary hypertension, but antioxidant therapies have so far proven ineffective. This is partly due to a lack of understanding of the key role played by reactive oxygen species (ROS) in physiological cell signalling, and partly to the complex interrelationships between generators of ROS (e.g. mitochondria and NADPH oxidases, NOX), cellular antioxidant systems and indeed Ca2+ signalling. At physiological levels ROS reversibly affect the function of numerous enzymes and transcription factors, most often via oxidation of specific protein thiols. Importantly, they also affect pathways that promote ROS generation by NOX or mitochondria (ROS-induced ROS release), which has an inherent propensity for positive feedback and uncontrolled oxidant production. The reason this does not occur under normal conditions reflects in part a high level of compartmentalisation of ROS signalling within the cell, akin to that for Ca2+. This article considers the physiological processes which regulate NOX and mitochondrial ROS production and degradation and their interactions with each other and Ca2+ signalling pathways, and discusses how loss of spatiotemporal constraints and activation of positive feedback pathways may impact on their dysregulation in pulmonary hypertension.
Collapse
|
47
|
Jackson WF. Boosting the signal: Endothelial inward rectifier K + channels. Microcirculation 2018; 24. [PMID: 27652592 DOI: 10.1111/micc.12319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2016] [Accepted: 09/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Endothelial cells express a diverse array of ion channels including members of the strong inward rectifier family composed of KIR 2 subunits. These two-membrane spanning domain channels are modulated by their lipid environment, and exist in macromolecular signaling complexes with receptors, protein kinases and other ion channels. Inward rectifier K+ channel (KIR ) currents display a region of negative slope conductance at membrane potentials positive to the K+ equilibrium potential that allows outward current through the channels to be activated by membrane hyperpolarization, permitting KIR to amplify hyperpolarization induced by other K+ channels and ion transporters. Increases in extracellular K+ concentration activate KIR allowing them to sense extracellular K+ concentration and transduce this change into membrane hyperpolarization. These properties position KIR to participate in the mechanism of action of hyperpolarizing vasodilators and contribute to cell-cell conduction of hyperpolarization along the wall of microvessels. The expression of KIR in capillaries in electrically active tissues may allow KIR to sense extracellular K+ , contributing to functional hyperemia. Understanding the regulation of expression and function of microvascular endothelial KIR will improve our understanding of the control of blood flow in the microcirculation in health and disease and may provide new targets for the development of therapeutics in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- William F Jackson
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Behringer EJ. Calcium and electrical signaling in arterial endothelial tubes: New insights into cellular physiology and cardiovascular function. Microcirculation 2018; 24. [PMID: 27801542 DOI: 10.1111/micc.12328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2016] [Accepted: 10/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The integral role of the endothelium during the coordination of blood flow throughout vascular resistance networks has been recognized for several decades now. Early examination of the distinct anatomy and physiology of the endothelium as a signaling conduit along the vascular wall has prompted development and application of an intact endothelial "tube" study model isolated from rodent skeletal muscle resistance arteries. Vasodilatory signals such as increased endothelial cell (EC) Ca2+ ([Ca2+ ]i ) and hyperpolarization take place in single ECs while shared between electrically coupled ECs through gap junctions up to distances of millimeters (≥2 mm). The small- and intermediate-conductance Ca2+ activated K+ (SKCa /IKCa or KCa 2.3/KCa 3.1) channels function at the interface of Ca2+ signaling and hyperpolarization; a bidirectional relationship whereby increases in [Ca2+ ]i activate SKCa /IKCa channels to produce hyperpolarization and vice versa. Further, the spatial domain of hyperpolarization among electrically coupled ECs can be finely tuned via incremental modulation of SKCa /IKCa channels to balance the strength of local and conducted electrical signals underlying vasomotor activity. Multifunctional properties of the voltage-insensitive SKCa /IKCa channels of resistance artery endothelium may be employed for therapy during the aging process and development of vascular disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Erik J Behringer
- Department of Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Hu Z, Riquelme MA, Wang B, Bugay V, Brenner R, Gu S, Jiang JX. Cataract-associated connexin 46 mutation alters its interaction with calmodulin and function of hemichannels. J Biol Chem 2018; 293:2573-2585. [PMID: 29298900 PMCID: PMC5818178 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra117.001348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2017] [Revised: 12/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Connexin channels help maintain eye lens homeostasis and transparency. The G143R missense substitution in connexin (Cx) 46 is associated with congenital Coppock cataracts; however, the underlying molecular mechanism is largely unknown. Here, we report that compared with WT Cx46, the G143R substitution abolishes hemichannel conductance in Xenopus oocytes and in HeLa cells. Moreover, this substitution is dominant-negative and inhibits conductance of WT Cx46. CD analysis indicated that the substitution greatly reduces the α-helical structure of the intracellular Cx46 loop domain. Protein pulldown assays and isothermal titration calorimetry revealed that this Cx46 domain directly interacts with calmodulin (CaM) in a Ca2+-dependent fashion, an observation confirmed by immunofluorescent co-localization of Cx46 with CaM. Interestingly, the G143R substitution enhanced the Cx46-CaM interaction and attenuated its abolishment by Ca2+ depletion. Moreover, Cx46 increased dye influx, and the G143R substitution augmented this effect. Inhibition of Ca2+-mediated CaM activation blocked hemichannel permeability. The membrane potential plays a crucial role in Cx46 membrane permeability. We found that the activity of hemichannels is detectable under rest and hyperpolarization conditions but is eliminated with depolarization. These results suggested that the G143R substitution impairs voltage-dependent electrical conductance and alters membrane permeability mediated by Cx46 hemichannels. The latter likely is caused by the substitution-induced structural changes of the intracellular loop domain associated with the increased interaction with CaM and reduced Ca2+ sensitivity. The data suggest that the G143R-induced enhancement of the CaM-Cx46 interaction results in altered hemichannel activities and might be related to cataract formation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhengping Hu
- From the Departments of Biochemistry and Structural Biology and
- the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, China
| | | | - Bin Wang
- Cellular and Integrative Physiology, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas 78229 and
| | - Vladislav Bugay
- Cellular and Integrative Physiology, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas 78229 and
| | - Robert Brenner
- Cellular and Integrative Physiology, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas 78229 and
| | - Sumin Gu
- From the Departments of Biochemistry and Structural Biology and
| | - Jean X Jiang
- From the Departments of Biochemistry and Structural Biology and
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Biwer LA, Good ME, Hong K, Patel RK, Agrawal N, Looft-Wilson R, Sonkusare SK, Isakson BE. Non-Endoplasmic Reticulum-Based Calr (Calreticulin) Can Coordinate Heterocellular Calcium Signaling and Vascular Function. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2018; 38:120-130. [PMID: 29122814 PMCID: PMC5746467 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.117.309886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2017] [Accepted: 10/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In resistance arteries, endothelial cell (EC) extensions can make contact with smooth muscle cells, forming myoendothelial junction at holes in the internal elastic lamina (HIEL). At these HIEL, calcium signaling is tightly regulated. Because Calr (calreticulin) can buffer ≈50% of endoplasmic reticulum calcium and is expressed throughout IEL holes in small arteries, the only place where myoendothelial junctions form, we investigated the effect of EC-specific Calr deletion on calcium signaling and vascular function. APPROACH AND RESULTS We found Calr expressed in nearly every IEL hole in third-order mesenteric arteries, but not other ER markers. Because of this, we generated an EC-specific, tamoxifen inducible, Calr knockout mouse (EC Calr Δ/Δ). Using this mouse, we tested third-order mesenteric arteries for changes in calcium events at HIEL and vascular reactivity after application of CCh (carbachol) or PE (phenylephrine). We found that arteries from EC Calr Δ/Δ mice stimulated with CCh had unchanged activity of calcium signals and vasodilation; however, the same arteries were unable to increase calcium events at HIEL in response to PE. This resulted in significantly increased vasoconstriction to PE, presumably because of inhibited negative feedback. In line with these observations, the EC Calr Δ/Δ had increased blood pressure. Comparison of ER calcium in arteries and use of an ER-specific GCaMP indicator in vitro revealed no observable difference in ER calcium with Calr knockout. Using selective detergent permeabilization of the artery and inhibition of Calr translocation, we found that the observed Calr at HIEL may not be within the ER. CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest that Calr specifically at HIEL may act in a non-ER dependent manner to regulate arteriolar heterocellular communication and blood pressure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lauren A Biwer
- From the Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center (L.A.B., M.E.G., K.H., R.K.P., S.K.S., B.E.I.) and Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics (L.A.B., S.K.S., B.E.I.), University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville; and Department of Kinesiology, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA (N.A., R.L.-W.)
| | - Miranda E Good
- From the Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center (L.A.B., M.E.G., K.H., R.K.P., S.K.S., B.E.I.) and Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics (L.A.B., S.K.S., B.E.I.), University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville; and Department of Kinesiology, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA (N.A., R.L.-W.)
| | - Kwangseok Hong
- From the Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center (L.A.B., M.E.G., K.H., R.K.P., S.K.S., B.E.I.) and Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics (L.A.B., S.K.S., B.E.I.), University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville; and Department of Kinesiology, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA (N.A., R.L.-W.)
| | - Rahul K Patel
- From the Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center (L.A.B., M.E.G., K.H., R.K.P., S.K.S., B.E.I.) and Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics (L.A.B., S.K.S., B.E.I.), University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville; and Department of Kinesiology, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA (N.A., R.L.-W.)
| | - Neha Agrawal
- From the Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center (L.A.B., M.E.G., K.H., R.K.P., S.K.S., B.E.I.) and Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics (L.A.B., S.K.S., B.E.I.), University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville; and Department of Kinesiology, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA (N.A., R.L.-W.)
| | - Robin Looft-Wilson
- From the Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center (L.A.B., M.E.G., K.H., R.K.P., S.K.S., B.E.I.) and Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics (L.A.B., S.K.S., B.E.I.), University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville; and Department of Kinesiology, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA (N.A., R.L.-W.)
| | - Swapnil K Sonkusare
- From the Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center (L.A.B., M.E.G., K.H., R.K.P., S.K.S., B.E.I.) and Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics (L.A.B., S.K.S., B.E.I.), University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville; and Department of Kinesiology, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA (N.A., R.L.-W.)
| | - Brant E Isakson
- From the Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center (L.A.B., M.E.G., K.H., R.K.P., S.K.S., B.E.I.) and Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics (L.A.B., S.K.S., B.E.I.), University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville; and Department of Kinesiology, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA (N.A., R.L.-W.).
| |
Collapse
|