1
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Wang XZ, Huang HG, Liu WB. Pd/Cu Dual Metal-Catalyzed Regioselective [2 + 2 + 2] Cycloaddition of Malononitriles with Alkynes to Densely Substituted Pyridines. Org Lett 2024; 26:7324-7329. [PMID: 39172919 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.4c02443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/24/2024]
Abstract
Transition metal-catalyzed [2 + 2 + 2] cycloaddition of nitriles and two alkynes is an efficient method for assembling pyridines. However, examples employing palladium catalysis have rarely been disclosed, and the processes of reactivity and selectivity remain unclear. We report here a palladium/copper dual metal-catalyzed [2 + 2 + 2] cycloaddition of diynyl-tethered malononitriles and terminal alkynes to synthesize densely substituted pyridines. This method features a good substrate scope, synthetically useful yields, and perfect regioselectivity. The derivatization of the pyridine products demonstrates the potential application of this method in synthesizing heterocycles and as ligands in photocatalysis. Preliminary mechanistic studies suggest that the reaction undergoes aza-oxidative cycloaddition of Pd(0) with nitrile and alkyne, followed by alkyne insertion and reductive elimination. The presence of copper is crucial to its reactivity and regioselectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing-Zhen Wang
- Hubei Research Center of Fundamental Science-Chemistry, Engineering Research Center of Organosilicon Compounds & Materials (Ministry of Education), Hubei Key Lab on Organic and Polymeric Optoelectronic Materials, and College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Hong-Gui Huang
- Hubei Research Center of Fundamental Science-Chemistry, Engineering Research Center of Organosilicon Compounds & Materials (Ministry of Education), Hubei Key Lab on Organic and Polymeric Optoelectronic Materials, and College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Wen-Bo Liu
- Hubei Research Center of Fundamental Science-Chemistry, Engineering Research Center of Organosilicon Compounds & Materials (Ministry of Education), Hubei Key Lab on Organic and Polymeric Optoelectronic Materials, and College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
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2
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Jamagne R, Power MJ, Zhang ZH, Zango G, Gibber B, Leigh DA. Active template synthesis. Chem Soc Rev 2024. [PMID: 39235620 PMCID: PMC11376342 DOI: 10.1039/d4cs00430b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/06/2024]
Abstract
The active template synthesis of mechanically interlocked molecular architectures exploits the dual ability of various structural elements (metals or, in the case of metal-free active template synthesis, particular arrangements of functional groups) to serve as both a template for the organisation of building blocks and as a catalyst to facilitate the formation of covalent bonds between them. This enables the entwined or threaded intermediate structure to be covalently captured under kinetic control. Unlike classical passive template synthesis, the intercomponent interactions transiently used to promote the assembly typically do not 'live on' in the interlocked product, meaning that active template synthesis can be traceless and used for constructing mechanically interlocked molecules that do not feature strong binding interactions between the components. Since its introduction in 2006, active template synthesis has been used to prepare a variety of rotaxanes, catenanes and knots. Amongst the metal-ion-mediated versions of the strategy, the copper(I)-catalysed alkyne-azide cycloaddition (CuAAC) remains the most extensively used transformation, although a broad range of other catalytic reactions and transition metals also provide effective manifolds. In metal-free active template synthesis, the recent discovery of the acceleration of the reaction of primary amines with electrophiles through the cavity of crown ethers has proved effective for forming an array of rotaxanes without recognition elements, including compact rotaxane superbases, dissipatively assembled rotaxanes and molecular pumps. This Review details the active template concept, outlines its advantages and limitations for the synthesis of interlocked molecules, and charts the diverse set of reactions that have been used with this strategy to date. The application of active template synthesis in various domains is discussed, including molecular machinery, mechanical chirality, catalysis, molecular recognition and various aspects of materials science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romain Jamagne
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, UK.
| | - Martin J Power
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, UK.
| | - Zhi-Hui Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, P. R. China
| | - Germán Zango
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, UK.
| | - Benjamin Gibber
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, UK.
| | - David A Leigh
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, UK.
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, P. R. China
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3
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Bunschoten R, Peschke F, Taladriz-Sender A, Alexander E, Andrews MJ, Kennedy AR, Fazakerley NJ, Lloyd Jones GC, Watson AJB, Burley GA. Mechanistic Basis of the Cu(OAc) 2 Catalyzed Azide-Ynamine (3 + 2) Cycloaddition Reaction. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:13558-13570. [PMID: 38712910 PMCID: PMC11099971 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c03348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2024] [Revised: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
The Cu-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAC) reaction is used as a ligation tool throughout chemical and biological sciences. Despite the pervasiveness of CuAAC, there is a need to develop more efficient methods to form 1,4-triazole ligated products with low loadings of Cu. In this paper, we disclose a mechanistic model for the ynamine-azide (3 + 2) cycloadditions catalyzed by copper(II) acetate. Using multinuclear nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy, and high-performance liquid chromatography analyses, a dual catalytic cycle is identified. First, the formation of a diyne species via Glaser-Hay coupling of a terminal ynamine forms a Cu(I) species competent to catalyze an ynamine-azide (3 + 2) cycloaddition. Second, the benzimidazole unit of the ynamine structure has multiple roles: assisting C-H activation, Cu coordination, and the formation of a postreaction resting state Cu complex after completion of the (3 + 2) cycloaddition. Finally, reactivation of the Cu resting state complex is shown by the addition of isotopically labeled ynamine and azide substrates to form a labeled 1,4-triazole product. This work provides a mechanistic basis for the use of mixed valency binuclear catalytic Cu species in conjunction with Cu-coordinating alkynes to afford superior reactivity in CuAAC reactions. Additionally, these data show how the CuAAC reaction kinetics can be modulated by changes to the alkyne substrate, which then has a predictable effect on the reaction mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roderick
P. Bunschoten
- Department
of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University
of Strathclyde, Thomas
Graham Building, 295 Cathedral Street, Glasgow G1 1XL, U.K.
| | - Frederik Peschke
- Department
of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University
of Strathclyde, Thomas
Graham Building, 295 Cathedral Street, Glasgow G1 1XL, U.K.
| | - Andrea Taladriz-Sender
- Department
of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University
of Strathclyde, Thomas
Graham Building, 295 Cathedral Street, Glasgow G1 1XL, U.K.
| | - Emma Alexander
- Department
of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University
of Strathclyde, Thomas
Graham Building, 295 Cathedral Street, Glasgow G1 1XL, U.K.
| | - Matthew J. Andrews
- EaStCHEM,
Purdie Building, School of Chemistry, University
of St Andrews, North
Haugh, St Andrews, FifeKY16 9ST, U.K.
| | - Alan R. Kennedy
- Department
of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University
of Strathclyde, Thomas
Graham Building, 295 Cathedral Street, Glasgow G1 1XL, U.K.
| | - Neal J. Fazakerley
- GlaxoSmithKline,
Medicines Research Centre, Gunnels Wood Road, Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2NY, U.K.
| | - Guy C. Lloyd Jones
- EaStCHEM.
School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3FJ, U.K.
| | - Allan J. B. Watson
- EaStCHEM,
Purdie Building, School of Chemistry, University
of St Andrews, North
Haugh, St Andrews, FifeKY16 9ST, U.K.
| | - Glenn A. Burley
- Department
of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University
of Strathclyde, Thomas
Graham Building, 295 Cathedral Street, Glasgow G1 1XL, U.K.
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4
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May JH, Fehr JM, Lorenz JC, Zakharov LN, Jasti R. A High-Yielding Active Template Click Reaction (AT-CuAAC) for the Synthesis of Mechanically Interlocked Nanohoops. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202401823. [PMID: 38386798 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202401823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Revised: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
Mechanically interlocked molecules (MIMs) represent an exciting yet underexplored area of research in the context of carbon nanoscience. Recently, work from our group and others has shown that small carbon nanotube fragments-[n]cycloparaphenylenes ([n]CPPs) and related nanohoop macrocycles-may be integrated into mechanically interlocked architectures by leveraging supramolecular interactions, covalent tethers, or metal-ion templates. Still, available synthetic methods are typically difficult and low yielding, and general methods that allow for the creation of a wide variety of these structures are limited. Here we report an efficient route to interlocked nanohoop structures via the active template Cu-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition (AT-CuAAC) reaction. With the appropriate choice of substituents, a macrocyclic precursor to 2,2'-bipyridyl embedded [9]CPP (bipy[9]CPP) participates in the AT-CuAAC reaction to provide [2]rotaxanes in near-quantitative yield, which can then be converted into the fully π-conjugated catenane structures. Through this approach, two nanohoop[2]catenanes are synthesized which consist of a bipy[9]CPP catenated with either Tz[10]CPP or Tz[12]CPP (where Tz denotes a 1,2,3-triazole moiety replacing one phenylene ring in the [n]CPP backbone).
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Affiliation(s)
- James H May
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Materials Science Institute, and Knight Campus for Accelerating Scientific Impact, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon, 97403, United States
| | - Julia M Fehr
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Materials Science Institute, and Knight Campus for Accelerating Scientific Impact, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon, 97403, United States
| | - Jacob C Lorenz
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Materials Science Institute, and Knight Campus for Accelerating Scientific Impact, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon, 97403, United States
| | - Lev N Zakharov
- CAMCOR-Center for Advanced Materials Characterization in Oregon, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon, 97403, United States
| | - Ramesh Jasti
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Materials Science Institute, and Knight Campus for Accelerating Scientific Impact, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon, 97403, United States
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5
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Dai L, Zhou X, Guo J, Huang Q, Lu Y. Copper-catalyzed atroposelective synthesis of C-O axially chiral compounds enabled by chiral 1,8-naphthyridine based ligands. Chem Sci 2024; 15:5993-6001. [PMID: 38665510 PMCID: PMC11040657 DOI: 10.1039/d4sc01074d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Axially chiral molecular scaffolds are widely present in therapeutic agents, natural products, catalysts, and advanced materials. The construction of such molecules has garnered significant attention from academia and industry. The catalytic asymmetric synthesis of axially chiral biaryls, along with other non-biaryl axially chiral molecules, has been extensively explored in the past decade. However, the atroposelective synthesis of C-O axial chirality remains largely underdeveloped. Herein, we document a copper-catalyzed atroposelective construction of C-O axially chiral compounds using novel 1,8-naphthyridine-based chiral ligands. Mechanistic investigations have provided good evidence in support of a mechanism involving synergistic interplay between a desymmetrization reaction and kinetic resolution process. The method described in this study holds great significance for the atroposelective synthesis of C-O axially chiral compounds, with promising applications in organic chemistry. The utilization of 1,8-naphthyridine-based ligands in copper catalysis is anticipated to find broad applications in asymmetric copper(i)-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloadditions (CuAACs) and beyond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Dai
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore 117543 Singapore
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Natural Product Synthesis and Drug Research, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chongqing University Chongqing 401331 China
| | - Xueting Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore 117543 Singapore
- Joint School of National University of Singapore and Tianjin University, International Campus of Tianjin University Binhai New City Fuzhou 350207 China
| | - Jiami Guo
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore 117543 Singapore
- Joint School of National University of Singapore and Tianjin University, International Campus of Tianjin University Binhai New City Fuzhou 350207 China
| | - Qingqin Huang
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore 117543 Singapore
- Joint School of National University of Singapore and Tianjin University, International Campus of Tianjin University Binhai New City Fuzhou 350207 China
| | - Yixin Lu
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore 117543 Singapore
- Joint School of National University of Singapore and Tianjin University, International Campus of Tianjin University Binhai New City Fuzhou 350207 China
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6
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Ashrafi M, Amini M, Seidi F. Synthesis of Cu 3Fe 4V 6O 24 Nanoparticles to Produce 1,2,3-Triazoles by Azide-Alkyne Cycloaddition Reactions. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2024; 40:5195-5204. [PMID: 38418460 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.3c03389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/01/2024]
Abstract
This paper presents the fabrication of novel Cu3Fe4V6O24 nanoparticles (NPs) via a facile sol-gel method as efficient nanocatalysts (NCs) to produce azide-alkyne 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition compounds. The effect of the calcination time on the formation of NPs was investigated. The as-prepared NPs were characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), electron-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM), and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) analyses. Cu3Fe4V6O24 NCs were applied to azide-alkyne 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reactions. The effect of the catalyst loading, temperature, and time of reaction was optimized to improve the efficiency of the NC function by the response surface methodology-central composite design (RSM-CCD) method. In optimal conditions, the yield of the reaction was 96%. In addition, the effect of different solvents on the yield of the reaction was investigated. Moreover, Cu3Fe4V6O24 NPs efficiently catalyze different 1,2,3-triazoles in excellent yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahdi Ashrafi
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Tabriz, Tabriz 5166616471, Iran
| | - Mojtaba Amini
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Tabriz, Tabriz 5166616471, Iran
| | - Farzad Seidi
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources and International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
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7
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Joven-Sancho D, Echeverri A, Saffon-Merceron N, Contreras-García J, Nebra N. An Organocopper(III) Fluoride Triggering C-CF 3 Bond Formation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202319412. [PMID: 38147576 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202319412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/28/2023]
Abstract
Copper(III) fluorides are catalytically competent, yet elusive, intermediates in cross-coupling. The synthesis of [PPh4 ][CuIII (CF3 )3 F] (2), the first stable (isolable) CuIII -F, was accomplished via chloride addition to [CuIII (CF3 )3 (py)] (1) yielding [PPh4 ][CuIII (CF3 )3 Cl(py)] (1⋅Cl), followed by treatment with AgF. The CuIII halides 1⋅Cl and 2 were fully characterized using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, single crystal X-ray diffraction (Sc-XRD) and elemental analysis (EA). Complex 2 proved capable of forging C-CF3 bonds from silyl-capped alkynes. In-depth mechanistic studies combining probes, theoretical calculations, trapping of intermediate 4a ([PPh4 ][CuIII (CF3 )3 (C≡CPh)]) and radical tests unveil the key role of the CuIII acetylides that undergo facile 2e- reductive elimination furnishing the trifluoromethylated alkynes (RC≡CCF3 ), which are industrially relevant synthons in drug discovery, pharma and agrochemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Joven-Sancho
- Laboratoire Hétérochimie Fondamentale et Appliquée (LHFA), Université Paul Sabatier, CNRS, 118 Route de Narbonne, 31062, Toulouse, France
| | - Andrea Echeverri
- Laboratoire de Chimie Théorique (LCT), Sorbonne Université, CNRS, 4, Place Jussieu, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Nathalie Saffon-Merceron
- Institut de Chimie de Toulouse ICT-UAR2599, Université Paul Sabatier, CNRS, 31062, Toulouse Cedex, France
| | - Julia Contreras-García
- Laboratoire de Chimie Théorique (LCT), Sorbonne Université, CNRS, 4, Place Jussieu, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Noel Nebra
- Laboratoire Hétérochimie Fondamentale et Appliquée (LHFA), Université Paul Sabatier, CNRS, 118 Route de Narbonne, 31062, Toulouse, France
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8
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Abaeva M, Ieritano C, Hopkins WS, Schipper DJ. Unsymmetrical Imidazopyrimidine-Based Ligand and Bimetallic Complexes. Inorg Chem 2024; 63:1010-1019. [PMID: 38055895 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c03062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
With bimetallic catalysts becoming increasingly important, the development of electronically and structurally diverse binucleating ligands is desired. This work describes the synthesis of unsymmetric ligand 2,7-di(pyridin-2-yl)imidazo[1,2-a]pyrimidine (dpip) that is achieved in four steps on a multigram scale in an overall 54% yield. The ability of dpip to act as a scaffold for the formation of bimetallic complexes is demonstrated with the one-step syntheses of the dicopper complex [Cu2(dpip)(μ-OH)(CF3COO)3] (4), the dipalladium complex [Pd2(dpip)(μ-OH)(CF3COO)2](CF3COO)·CF3COOH (5), and the dimeric dinickel complex [Ni4(dpip)2(μ-Cl)4Cl2MeOH6][2Cl] (6) in good yields (79-92%). All bimetallic complexes were characterized by spectroscopic methods and X-ray crystallography, which revealed metal-metal distances between 3.4821(9) and 4.106(2) Å. Additionally, quantum chemical calculations were conducted on complex 4 and an analogous 1,8-naphthyridine-based dicopper complex to investigate the differences between the imidazopyrimidine motif reported here and the widely used 1,8-naphthyridine motif. Natural bonding orbital (NBO) and Mayer bond order (MBO) analyses validated the ability of dpip to coordinate metals more strongly. Finally, NBO calculations quantified the differences in the binding energy between the two pockets of the unsymmetrical dpip ligand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mila Abaeva
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Christian Ieritano
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
- Waterloo Institute of Nanotechnology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
- Watermine Innovation, Waterloo, Ontario N0B 2T0, Canada
| | - W Scott Hopkins
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
- Waterloo Institute of Nanotechnology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
- Watermine Innovation, Waterloo, Ontario N0B 2T0, Canada
| | - Derek J Schipper
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
- Waterloo Institute of Nanotechnology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
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9
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Maddeshiya T, Jaiswal MK, Tamrakar A, Mishra G, Awasthi C, Pandey MD. Pyrene Appendant Triazole-based Chemosensors for Sensing Applications. Curr Org Synth 2024; 21:421-435. [PMID: 37345247 DOI: 10.2174/1570179420666230621124119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Revised: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023]
Abstract
Over the last two decades, the design and development of fluorescent chemosensors for the targeted detection of Heavy Transition-metal (HTM) ions, anions, and biological analytes, have drawn much interest. Since the introduction of click chemistry in 2001, triazole moieties have become an increasingly prominent theme in chemosensors. Triazoles generated via click reactions are crucial for sensing various ions and biological analytes. Recently, the number of studies in the field of pyrene appendant triazole moieties has risen dramatically, with more sophisticated and reliable triazole-containing chemosensors for various analytes of interest described. This tutorial review provides a general overview of pyrene appendant-triazole-based chemosensors that can detect a variety of metal cations, anions, and neutral analytes by using modular click-derived triazoles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tarkeshwar Maddeshiya
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Manoj K Jaiswal
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Arpna Tamrakar
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Gargi Mishra
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Chhama Awasthi
- Department of Science and Technology, Technology Bhavan, New Mehrauli Road, New Delhi, 110016, India
| | - Mrituanjay D Pandey
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India
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10
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Peschke F, Taladriz‐Sender A, Andrews MJ, Watson AJB, Burley GA. Glutathione Mediates Control of Dual Differential Bio-orthogonal Labelling of Biomolecules. ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023; 135:e202313063. [PMID: 38515866 PMCID: PMC10953330 DOI: 10.1002/ange.202313063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
Traditional approaches to bio-orthogonal reaction discovery have focused on developing reagent pairs that react with each other faster than they are metabolically degraded. Glutathione (GSH) is typically responsible for the deactivation of most bio-orthogonal reagents. Here we demonstrate that GSH promotes a Cu-catalysed (3+2) cycloaddition reaction between an ynamine and an azide. We show that GSH acts as a redox modulator to control the Cu oxidation state in these cycloadditions. Rate enhancement of this reaction is specific for ynamine substrates and is tuneable by the Cu:GSH ratio. This unique GSH-mediated reactivity gradient is then utilised in the dual sequential bio-orthogonal labelling of peptides and oligonucleotides via two distinct chemoselective (3+2) cycloadditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frederik Peschke
- Department of Pure & Applied Chemistry & the Strathclyde Centre for Molecular BioscienceUniversity of Strathclyde295 Cathedral StreetGlasgowG1 1XLUK
| | - Andrea Taladriz‐Sender
- Department of Pure & Applied Chemistry & the Strathclyde Centre for Molecular BioscienceUniversity of Strathclyde295 Cathedral StreetGlasgowG1 1XLUK
| | - Matthew J. Andrews
- EaStCHEMSchool of ChemistryUniversity of Saint AndrewsNorth HaughSt AndrewsFifeKY16 9STUK
| | - Allan J. B. Watson
- EaStCHEMSchool of ChemistryUniversity of Saint AndrewsNorth HaughSt AndrewsFifeKY16 9STUK
| | - Glenn A. Burley
- Department of Pure & Applied Chemistry & the Strathclyde Centre for Molecular BioscienceUniversity of Strathclyde295 Cathedral StreetGlasgowG1 1XLUK
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11
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Sloboda D, Weber CC, Bakis E. A kinetics study of copper-catalysed click reactions in ionic liquids. Org Biomol Chem 2023; 21:7984-7993. [PMID: 37755136 DOI: 10.1039/d3ob00237c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/28/2023]
Abstract
Copper(I)-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAC) reactions are of extensive interest in chemical synthesis. While the use of ionic liquids (ILs) as solvents for synthesis has been widely explored in recent years, the understanding of their influence on the mechanism and reactivity of CuAAC reactions remains poorly understood. Here, we investigate the kinetics of a phenylacetylene-benzylazide and acetylene-benzylazide CuAAC reaction to probe the influence of IL structure, including the role of the base used to promote the reaction and the importance of water content. The use of 'wet' ILs led to remarkable changes in the kinetic profile of the reaction by eliminating the initial induction period. The reaction rate was found to be dependent on the copper(I) source. The effect of an added base was also studied, with the use of a tertiary amine-bearing IL leading to high conversions in under 5 min at ambient temperature. The results of this study highlight the nature and complexity of CuAAC reactions in ILs. As more ILs are getting involved in industrial processes, the data obtained from this study are valuable for better understanding processes that affect the CuAAC reaction in IL media and for creating customized systems for organic synthesis, thus improving the efficiency and sustainability of such processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Sloboda
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Latvia, Jelgavas 1, Riga, LV-1004, Latvia.
| | - Cameron C Weber
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Auckland, 23 Symonds St, Auckland, New Zealand
- MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Eduards Bakis
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Latvia, Jelgavas 1, Riga, LV-1004, Latvia.
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12
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Khanzadeh A, Ataie S, Baker RT. Tetracopper(I) thiolate- and amido-(SNS) complexes and copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition in water. Dalton Trans 2023; 52:11768-11772. [PMID: 37584163 DOI: 10.1039/d3dt01651j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/17/2023]
Abstract
Two tetranuclear Cu(I) complexes bearing thiolate- and amido-SNS ligands were characterized by X-ray diffraction and mass spectrometry. Although the amido ligand undergoes irreversible N-protonation by the copper-bound alkyne, the thiolate complex demonstrates good activity in the copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition reaction with a variety of substrates. The base-free reactions are performed in water and afford excellent yields over 2 h at 70 °C. DFT calculations suggest a proton-shuttle role for the thiolate donor in formation of the initial dicopper σ,π-alkynyl intermediate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atousa Khanzadeh
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences and Centre for Catalysis Research and Innovation, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada.
| | - Saeed Ataie
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences and Centre for Catalysis Research and Innovation, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada.
| | - R Tom Baker
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences and Centre for Catalysis Research and Innovation, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada.
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13
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Abstract
The impact of click chemistry was recently recognized with the 2022 Nobel Prize in Chemistry. The breadth of areas where click chemistry has accelerated discovery is prodigal. In one of the most written about subjects in chemistry over recent years, this short perspective zones in on a small fragment of what we, the authors, consider are some of the most critical developments in synthetic chemistry, which have expanded access to the click chemistry toolbox. In addition, we touch upon areas within medicinal chemistry and novel approaches to drug discovery enabled by click chemistry, where we believe there is untapped potential for biological function to be found and exploited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam D Moorhouse
- Cancer Centre, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, 1 Bungtown Road, New York, NY 11724, USA
| | - Joshua A Homer
- Cancer Centre, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, 1 Bungtown Road, New York, NY 11724, USA
| | - John E Moses
- Cancer Centre, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, 1 Bungtown Road, New York, NY 11724, USA
- Lead Contact
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14
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Wei Q, Zhang Y, Lv C, Hu C, Su Z. Theoretical Study on Cooperation Catalysis of Chiral Guanidine/ Copper(I) in Asymmetric Azide-Alkyne Cycloaddition/[2 + 2] Cascade Reaction. J Org Chem 2023. [PMID: 37437267 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c00758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/14/2023]
Abstract
Density functional theory (DFT) calculations with BP86-D3(BJ) functionals were employed to reveal the mechanism and stereoselectivity of chiral guanidine/copper(I) salt-catalyzed stereoselective three-component reaction among N-sulfonyl azide, terminal alkyne, and isatin-imine for spiroazetidinimines that was first reported by Feng and Liu (Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2018, 57, 16852-16856). For the noncatalytic cascade reaction, the denitrogenation to generate ketenimine species was the rate-determining step, with an activation barrier of 25.8-34.8 kcal mol-1. Chiral guanidine-amide promoted the deprotonation of phenylacetylene, generating guanidine-Cu(I) acetylide complexes as active species. In azide-alkyne cycloaddition, copper acetylene coordinated to the O atom of the amide moiety in guanidium, and TsN3 was activated by hydrogen bonding, affording the Cu(I)-ketenimine species with an energy barrier of 3.5∼9.4 kcal mol-1. The optically active spiroazetidinimine oxindole was constructed via a stepwise four-membered ring formation, followed by deprotonation of guanidium moieties for C-H bonding in a stereoselective way. The steric effect of the bulky CHPh2 group and chiral backbone in the guanidine, combined with the coordination between the Boc group in isatin-imine with a copper center, played important roles in controlling the stereoselectivity of the reaction. The major spiroazetidinimine oxindole product with an SS configuration was formed in a kinetically more favored way, which was consistent with the experimental observation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Wei
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, P. R. China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, P. R. China
| | - Cidan Lv
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, P. R. China
| | - Changwei Hu
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, P. R. China
| | - Zhishan Su
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, P. R. China
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15
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Stiriba SE, Bahsis L, Benhadria E, Oudghiri K, Taourirte M, Julve M. Cellulose Acetate-Supported Copper as an Efficient Sustainable Heterogenous Catalyst for Azide-Alkyne Cycloaddition Click Reactions in Water. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24119301. [PMID: 37298251 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24119301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Revised: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
A new sustainable heterogeneous catalyst for copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition reaction (CuAAC) was investigated. The preparation of the sustainable catalyst was carried out through the complexation reaction between the polysaccharide cellulose acetate backbone (CA) and copper(II) ions. The resulting complex [Cu(II)-CA] was fully characterized by using different spectroscopic methods such as Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Energy Dispersive X-ray (EDX), Ultraviolet-visible (UV-vis), and Inductively Coupled Plasma (ICP) analyses. The Cu(II)-CA complex exhibits high activity in the CuAAC reaction for substituted alkynes and organic azides, leading to a selective synthesis of the corresponding 1,4-isomer 1,2,3-triazoles in water as a solvent and working at room temperature. It is worth noting that this catalyst has several advantages from the sustainable chemistry point of view including no use of additives, biopolymer support, reactions carried out in water at room temperature, and easy recovery of the catalyst. These characteristics make it a potential candidate not only for the CuAAC reaction but also for other catalytic organic reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salah-Eddine Stiriba
- Instituto de Ciencia Molecular/ICMol, Universidad de Valencia, C/Catedrático José Beltrán 2, 46980 Paterna, Valencia, Spain
- Laboratoire de Chimie Analytique et Moléculaire (LCAM), Faculté Polydisciplinaire de Safi, Université Cadi Ayyad, Safi 46030, Morocco
| | - Lahoucine Bahsis
- Laboratoire de Chimie Analytique et Moléculaire (LCAM), Faculté Polydisciplinaire de Safi, Université Cadi Ayyad, Safi 46030, Morocco
| | - Elhouceine Benhadria
- Département de Chimie, Faculté des Sciences d'El Jadida, Université Chouaïb Doukkali, El Jadida 24000, Morocco
| | - Khaoula Oudghiri
- Laboratoire de Recherche en Développement Durable et Santé, Faculté des Sciences et Techniques de Marrakech, Université Cadi Ayyad, Marrakech 40000, Morocco
| | - Moha Taourirte
- Laboratoire de Recherche en Développement Durable et Santé, Faculté des Sciences et Techniques de Marrakech, Université Cadi Ayyad, Marrakech 40000, Morocco
| | - Miguel Julve
- Instituto de Ciencia Molecular/ICMol, Universidad de Valencia, C/Catedrático José Beltrán 2, 46980 Paterna, Valencia, Spain
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16
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Vetter G, Białońska A, Jezierska A, Panek JJ, Pacholska-Dudziak E. Heterobimetallic 21,23-dimetallaporphyrin: activation of metal-metal interactions within the porphyrinoid macrocycle. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023. [PMID: 37183796 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc01367g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Two core-modified porphyrins containing metal atoms, namely platinum(II) or platinum(IV) and rhodium(III), in place of two NH units, have been obtained by a post-synthetic modification of the 21,23-ditelluraporphyrin. The products of the tellurium-to-metal exchange, 21-platina-23-rhodaporphyrins, incorporate rhodacyclopentadiene and platinacyclopentadiene units with the metal atoms facing each other. The two molecules exhibit different degrees of metal-metal interaction depending on the oxidation state of platinum, with the NBO bond order being 0.04 for platinum(IV) and 0.15 for platinum(II). Consistently, the Quantum Theory of Atoms in Molecules analysis revealed the presence of the bond determinant, the bond critical point, in the platinum(II) species, in contrast to the platinum(IV) congener. The two porphyrinoids are interconvertible in redox reactions. They both exhibit fluxional behaviour in solution, studied by 1H NMR, involving alteration in the metal ion coordination sphere accompanied by the macrocyclic skeleton conformation change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grzegorz Vetter
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wrocław, Wroclaw, Poland.
| | - Agata Białońska
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wrocław, Wroclaw, Poland.
| | - Aneta Jezierska
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wrocław, Wroclaw, Poland.
| | - Jarosław J Panek
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wrocław, Wroclaw, Poland.
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17
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Kowalski K. A brief survey on the application of metal-catalyzed azide–alkyne cycloaddition reactions to the synthesis of ferrocenyl-x-1,2,3-triazolyl-R (x = none or a linker and R = organic entity) compounds with anticancer activity. Coord Chem Rev 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2022.214996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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18
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Hommelsheim R, Bausch S, Selvakumar A, Amer MM, Truong KN, Rissanen K, Bolm C. A Copper-Catalyzed Interrupted Domino Reaction for the Synthesis of Fused Triazolyl Benzothiadiazine-1-oxides. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202203729. [PMID: 36453242 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202203729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Copper(I)-catalyzed domino reactions of 2-azido sulfoximines with 1-iodoalkynes yield fused triazolyl-containing benzothiadiazine-1-oxides. The protocol features the synthesis of two fused heterocyclic rings in one step with good to excellent yields and a broad functional group tolerance. Detailed mechanistic investigations indicate that a copper π-complex initiates a cycloaddition and oxidative C-N coupling reaction sequence. The results suggest an interrupted domino process involving an iodinated triazole as a key intermediate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renè Hommelsheim
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Sandra Bausch
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Arjuna Selvakumar
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Mostafa M Amer
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, 52074, Aachen, Germany.,Egyptian Petroleum Research Institute, Nasr City, 11727, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Khai-Nghi Truong
- University of Jyvaskyla, Department of Chemistry, P.O. Box. 35, Survontie 9 B, 40014, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Kari Rissanen
- University of Jyvaskyla, Department of Chemistry, P.O. Box. 35, Survontie 9 B, 40014, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Carsten Bolm
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, 52074, Aachen, Germany
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19
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Wang W, Zhai XY, Zhao L. Mechanistic Insights into Multisilver-Mediated Synergistic Activation of Terminal Alkynes. Inorg Chem 2023; 62:1414-1422. [PMID: 36638060 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c03464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Synergistic effect extensively exists in multimetal-involved catalytic or mediated processes of group 11 metals due to their remarkable metallophilic interactions. Herein, we present a multiple synergism model for alkynyl substrates and conduct theoretical investigations on various multimetallic bonding modes and the corresponding synergistic activations. We computationally screen nine alkynyl multisilver coordination modes and sequence their reactivity shown in an intramolecular nucleophilic addition reaction by the trend of active μ4-η1η1η2η2 and μ3-η1η1η2 to the relatively inert μ2-η1η2. The transition-state (TS) stabilization of the high-nuclearity mode mainly comes from the significant negative interaction energies between Agn and the substrate based on the distortion/interaction analysis. Energy decomposition analysis-natural orbitals for chemical valence (EDA-NOCV) analysis further reveals the charge-accepting reservoir effect of the polysilver moiety and the orbital match between the alkynyl group and specific spatial arrangement of silver atoms to account for this efficient activation. In addition, tests on different ligands coordinated to silver atoms show a correlation of the ligand conformation adjustability with the reactivity of the alkynyl unit, and the accommodable η2 activation unit embodies a lower deformation energy than the other homonuclear synergistic modes. Privileged multiple synergistic models have been further evidenced based on on-bench experiments by isolating trisilver and tetrasilver alkynyl complexes. This study not only systematically evaluates the multimetallic synergism of different coordination modes in alkyne activation but also provides a guidance for the future design of multimetallic catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Xiao-Yi Zhai
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Liang Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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20
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Badawi MAAH, Khairbek AA, Thomas R. Computational studies of the CuAAC reaction mechanism with diimine and phosphorus ligands for the synthesis of 1,4-disubstituted 1,2,3-triazoles. NEW J CHEM 2023; 47:3683-3691. [DOI: 10.1039/d2nj06173b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
The Cu(i)-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAC) reactions with diimine and phosphorus ligands have been studied using DFT calculations in order to understand the effect of the nature of the ligands on the catalytic cycle for the formation of the 1,4-regioisomer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ali A. Khairbek
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Tishreen University, Lattakia, Syrian Arab Republic
| | - Renjith Thomas
- Department of Chemistry, St Berchmans College (Autonomous), Mahatma Gandhi University, Changanassery, Kerala-686101, India
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21
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Navarro M, Moreno JJ, Pérez-Jiménez M, Campos J. Small molecule activation with bimetallic systems: a landscape of cooperative reactivity. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:11220-11235. [PMID: 36128973 PMCID: PMC9536487 DOI: 10.1039/d2cc04296g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
There is growing interest in the design of bimetallic cooperative complexes, which have emerged due to their potential for bond activation and catalysis, a feature widely exploited by nature in metalloenzymes, and also in the field of heterogeneous catalysis. Herein, we discuss the widespread opportunities derived from combining two metals in close proximity, ranging from systems containing multiple M-M bonds to others in which bimetallic cooperation occurs even in the absence of M⋯M interactions. The choice of metal pairs is crucial for the reactivity of the resulting complexes. In this context, we describe the prospects of combining not only transition metals but also those of the main group series, which offer additional avenues for cooperative pathways and reaction discovery. Emphasis is given to mechanisms by which bond activation occurs across bimetallic structures, which is ascribed to the precise synergy between the two metal atoms. The results discussed herein indicate a future landscape full of possibilities within our reach, where we anticipate that bimetallic synergism will have an important impact in the design of more efficient catalytic processes and the discovery of new catalytic transformations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miquel Navarro
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas (IIQ), Departamento de Química Inorgánica and Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC) and University of Sevilla, Avenida Américo Vespucio 49, 41092 Sevilla, Spain.
| | - Juan José Moreno
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas (IIQ), Departamento de Química Inorgánica and Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC) and University of Sevilla, Avenida Américo Vespucio 49, 41092 Sevilla, Spain.
| | - Marina Pérez-Jiménez
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas (IIQ), Departamento de Química Inorgánica and Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC) and University of Sevilla, Avenida Américo Vespucio 49, 41092 Sevilla, Spain.
| | - Jesús Campos
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas (IIQ), Departamento de Química Inorgánica and Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC) and University of Sevilla, Avenida Américo Vespucio 49, 41092 Sevilla, Spain.
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22
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Song J, Chen Z, Cai X, Zhou X, Zhan G, Li R, Wei P, Yan N, Xi S, Loh KP. Promoting Dinuclear-Type Catalysis in Cu 1 -C 3 N 4 Single-Atom Catalysts. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2204638. [PMID: 35748197 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202204638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Revised: 06/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Reducing particle size in supported metal catalysts to single-atom level isolates the active metal sites and maximizes the atomic utilization efficiency. However, the large inter-atom distance, particularly in low-loading single-atom catalyst (SAC), is not favorable for a complex reaction where two (or more) reactants have to be activated. A key question is how to control the inter-atom distances to promote dinuclear-type coactivation at the adjacent metal sites. Here, it is reported that reducing the average inter-atom distance of copper SACs supported on carbon nitride (C3 N4 ) to 0.74 ± 0.13 nm allows these catalysts to exhibit a dinuclear-type catalytic mechanism in the nitrile-azide cycloaddition. Operando X-ray absorption fine structure study reveals a dynamic ligand exchange process between nitrile and azide, followed by their coactivation on dinuclear Cu SAC sites to form the tetrazole product. This work highlights that reducing the nearest-neighbor distance of SAC allows the mechanistic pathway to diversify from single-site to multisite catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingting Song
- Joint School of NUS and TJU, International Campus of Tianjin University, Fuzhou, 350207, China
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore, 117543, Singapore
| | - Zhongxin Chen
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore, 117543, Singapore
| | - Xiangbin Cai
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637371, Singapore
| | - Xin Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore, 117543, Singapore
| | - Gaolei Zhan
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore, 117543, Singapore
| | - Runlai Li
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore, 117543, Singapore
| | - Pingping Wei
- Joint School of NUS and TJU, International Campus of Tianjin University, Fuzhou, 350207, China
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117585, Singapore
| | - Ning Yan
- Joint School of NUS and TJU, International Campus of Tianjin University, Fuzhou, 350207, China
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117585, Singapore
| | - Shibo Xi
- Institute of Chemical and Engineering Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 1 Pesek Road, Jurong Island, Singapore, 627833, Singapore
| | - Kian Ping Loh
- Joint School of NUS and TJU, International Campus of Tianjin University, Fuzhou, 350207, China
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore, 117543, Singapore
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23
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González-Lainez M, Gallegos M, Munarriz J, Azpiroz R, Passarelli V, Jiménez MV, Pérez-Torrente JJ. Copper-Catalyzed Azide–Alkyne Cycloaddition (CuAAC) by Functionalized NHC-Based Polynuclear Catalysts: Scope and Mechanistic Insights. Organometallics 2022; 41:2154-2169. [PMID: 35971402 PMCID: PMC9374069 DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.2c00246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Copper(I) [Cu2(μ-Br)2(tBuImCH2pyCH2L)]n (L = OMe,
NEt2, NHtBu) compounds supported by flexible
functionalized NHC-based polydentate ligands have been prepared in
a one-pot procedure by reacting the corresponding imidazolium salt
with an excess of copper powder and Ag2O. An X-ray diffraction
analysis has revealed that
[Cu2(μ-Br)2(tBuImCH2pyCH2NEt2)]n is
a linear coordination polymer formed by bimetallic [Cu(μ-Br)]2 units linked by the lutidine-based NHC-py-NEt2 ligand, which acts as a heteroditopic ligand with a 1κC-2κ2N,N′ coordination
mode. We propose that the polymeric compounds break down in the solution
into more compact tetranuclear [Cu2(μ-Br)2(tBuImCH2pyCH2L)]2 compounds
with a coordination mode identical to the functionalized NHC ligands.
These compounds have been found to exhibit high catalytic activity
in the Cu-catalyzed azide–alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAC) reaction.
In particular, [Cu2(μ-Br)2(tBuImCH2pyCH2NEt2)]2 efficiently
catalyzes the click reaction of a range of azides and alkynes, under
an inert atmosphere at room temperature in neat conditions at a very
low catalyst loading, to quantitatively afford the corresponding 1,4-disubstituted
1,2,3-triazole derivatives in a few minutes. The cycloaddition reaction
of benzyl azide to phenylacetylene can be performed at 25–50
ppm catalyst loading by increasing the reaction time and/or temperature.
Reactivity studies have shown that the activation of the polynuclear
catalyst precursor involves the alkyne deprotonation by the NHC moiety
of the polydentate ligand to afford a copper(I)-alkynyl species bearing
a functionalized imidazolium ligand. DFT calculations support the
participation of the dinuclear species [(CuBr)2(μ-tBuImCH2pyCH2NEt2)], resulting
from the fragmentation of the tetranuclear compound, as the catalytically
active species. The proposed reaction pathway proceeds through zwitterionic
dinuclear intermediates and entails the active participation of both
copper atoms, as well as the NHC moiety as an internal base, which
activates the reacting alkyne via deprotonation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel González-Lainez
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea-ISQCH, Universidad de Zaragoza-C.S.I.C., 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Miguel Gallegos
- Departamento de Química Física y Analítica, Universidad de Oviedo, 33006 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Julen Munarriz
- Departamento de Química Física y Analítica, Universidad de Oviedo, 33006 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Ramón Azpiroz
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea-ISQCH, Universidad de Zaragoza-C.S.I.C., 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Vincenzo Passarelli
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea-ISQCH, Universidad de Zaragoza-C.S.I.C., 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - M. Victoria Jiménez
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea-ISQCH, Universidad de Zaragoza-C.S.I.C., 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Jesús J. Pérez-Torrente
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea-ISQCH, Universidad de Zaragoza-C.S.I.C., 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
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24
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Das A, Elvers BJ, Nayak MK, Chrysochos N, Anga S, Kumar A, Rao DK, Narayanan TN, Schulzke C, Yildiz CB, Jana A. Realizing 1,1-Dehydration of Secondary Alcohols to Carbenes: Pyrrolidin-2-ols as a Source of Cyclic (Alkyl)(Amino)Carbenes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202202637. [PMID: 35362643 PMCID: PMC9400972 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202202637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Herein we report secondary pyrrolidin-2-ols as a source of cyclic (alkyl)(amino)carbenes (CAAC) for the synthesis of CAAC-CuI -complexes and cyclic thiones when reacted with CuI -salts and elemental sulfur, respectively, under reductive elimination of water from the carbon(IV)-center. This result demonstrates a convenient and facile access to CAAC-based CuI -salts, which are well known catalysts for different organic transformations. It further establishes secondary alcohols to be a viable source of carbenes-realizing after 185 years Dumas' dream who tried to prepare the parent carbene (CH2 ) by 1,1-dehydration of methanol. Addressed is also the reactivity of water towards CAACs, which proceeds through an oxidative addition of the O-H bond to the carbon(II)-center. This emphasizes the ability of carbon-compounds to mimic the reactivity of transition-metal complexes: reversible oxidative addition and reductive elimination of the O-H bond to/from the C(II)/C(IV)-centre.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayan Das
- Tata Institute of Fundamental Research Hyderabad, GopanpallyHyderabad 500046TelanganaIndia
| | - Benedict J. Elvers
- Institut für BiochemieUniversität GreifswaldFelix-Hausdorff-Straße 417489GreifswaldGermany
| | - Mithilesh Kumar Nayak
- Tata Institute of Fundamental Research Hyderabad, GopanpallyHyderabad 500046TelanganaIndia
| | - Nicolas Chrysochos
- Tata Institute of Fundamental Research Hyderabad, GopanpallyHyderabad 500046TelanganaIndia
| | - Srinivas Anga
- Tata Institute of Fundamental Research Hyderabad, GopanpallyHyderabad 500046TelanganaIndia
| | - Amar Kumar
- Tata Institute of Fundamental Research Hyderabad, GopanpallyHyderabad 500046TelanganaIndia
| | - D. Krishna Rao
- Tata Institute of Fundamental Research Hyderabad, GopanpallyHyderabad 500046TelanganaIndia
| | | | - Carola Schulzke
- Institut für BiochemieUniversität GreifswaldFelix-Hausdorff-Straße 417489GreifswaldGermany
| | - Cem B. Yildiz
- Department of Aromatic and Medicinal PlantsAksaray UniversityAksaray68100Turkey
| | - Anukul Jana
- Tata Institute of Fundamental Research Hyderabad, GopanpallyHyderabad 500046TelanganaIndia
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25
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Chen M, Lei B, Wang X, Rong H, Song H, Mo Z. A Silylene‐Stabilized Germanium Analogue of Alkynylaluminum. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202204495. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202204495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ming Chen
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry College of Chemistry Nankai University Tianjin 300071 China
| | - Binglin Lei
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry College of Chemistry Nankai University Tianjin 300071 China
| | - Xuyang Wang
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry College of Chemistry Nankai University Tianjin 300071 China
| | - Hua Rong
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry College of Chemistry Nankai University Tianjin 300071 China
| | - Haibin Song
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry College of Chemistry Nankai University Tianjin 300071 China
| | - Zhenbo Mo
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry College of Chemistry Nankai University Tianjin 300071 China
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26
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Quintana C, Ahumada JC, Ahumada G, Sobolev Y, Kim M, Allamyradov A, Grzybowski BA. Proving Cooperativity of a Catalytic Reaction by Means of Nanoscale Geometry: The Case of Click Reaction. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:11238-11245. [PMID: 35713884 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c02556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Establishing whether a reaction is catalyzed by a single-metal catalytic center or cooperatively by a fleeting complex encompassing two such centers may be an arduous pursuit requiring detailed kinetic, isotopic, and other types of studies─as illustrated, for instance, by over a decade-long work on single-copper versus di-copper mechanisms of the popular "click" reaction. This paper describes a method to interrogate such cooperative mechanisms by a nanoparticle-based platform in which the probabilities of catalytic units being proximal can be varied systematically and, more importantly, independently of their volume concentration. The method relies on geometrical considerations rather than a detailed knowledge of kinetic equations, yet the scaling trends it yield can distinguish between cooperative and non-cooperative mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristóbal Quintana
- Center for Soft and Living Matter, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Juan C Ahumada
- Center for Soft and Living Matter, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Guillermo Ahumada
- Center for Soft and Living Matter, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Yaroslav Sobolev
- Center for Soft and Living Matter, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Minju Kim
- Center for Soft and Living Matter, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea.,Department of Chemistry, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Atabay Allamyradov
- Center for Soft and Living Matter, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea.,Department of Chemistry, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Bartosz A Grzybowski
- Center for Soft and Living Matter, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea.,Department of Chemistry, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea.,Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw 01-224, Poland
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27
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Fluorinated-Triazole-Modified ZnO and Its Application in Marine Antifouling. COATINGS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/coatings12060855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The accumulation of marine biological growth has irreversible negative effects on shipping and coastal fisheries. In this paper, a new antibacterial nanofiller—triazole fluoroaromatic hydrocarbon−modified nano−zinc oxide (ZnO−APTES−TRF)—was prepared by a Cu(I)−catalyzed azide–alkyne click chemical reaction. The modification of nano−ZnO with triazole ring fluoroaromatic hydrocarbons were testified by FT−IR, XPS, and EDS. The grafting rate of ZnO−APTES−TRF can reach 32.38%, which was verified by the TGA test. The ZnO−APTES−TRF was mixed with zinc acrylate resin to produce a low surface energy antifouling coating with a surface water contact angle of 106°. The bactericidal rate of ZnO−APTES−TRF against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Pseudoalteromonas sp. can reach more than 98% due to the synergistic effect of triazole and fluorine. The 120−day marine experiment shows that the low surface energy antifouling coating of ZnO−APTES−TRF/ZA is expected to be widely used in the field of marine antifouling.
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28
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Le Droumaguet B, Guerrouache M, Carbonnier B. Contribution of the "Click Chemistry" Toolbox for the Design, Synthesis, and Resulting Applications of Innovative and Efficient Separative Supports: Time for Assessment. Macromol Rapid Commun 2022; 43:e2200210. [PMID: 35700224 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202200210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Revised: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The last two decades have seen the rapid expansion of click chemistry methodology in various domains closely related to organic chemistry. It has notably been widely developed in the area of surface chemistry, mainly because of the high-yielding character of reactions of the "click" type. Especially, this powerful chemical reaction toolbox has been adapted to the preparation of stationary phases from the corresponding chromatographic supports. A plethora of selectors can thus be immobilized on either organic, inorganic, or hybrid stationary phases that can be used in different chromatographic modes. This review first highlights the few different chemical ligation strategies of the "click" type that are up to now mainly devoted to the development of functionalized supports for separation sciences. Then, it gives in a second part an up-to-date survey of the different studies dedicated to the preparation of click chemistry-based chromatographic supports while highlighting the powerful and versatile character of the "click" ligation strategy for the design, synthesis, and developments of more and more complex systems that can find promising applications in the area of analytical sciences, in domains as varied as enantioselective separation, glycomics, proteomics, genomics, metabolomics, etc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Le Droumaguet
- Univ Paris Est Creteil, CNRS, ICMPE, UMR 7182, 2 Rue Henri Dunant, Thiais, F-94320, France
| | - Mohamed Guerrouache
- Univ Paris Est Creteil, CNRS, ICMPE, UMR 7182, 2 Rue Henri Dunant, Thiais, F-94320, France
| | - Benjamin Carbonnier
- Univ Paris Est Creteil, CNRS, ICMPE, UMR 7182, 2 Rue Henri Dunant, Thiais, F-94320, France
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29
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Ríos P, See MS, Handford RC, Teat SJ, Tilley TD. Robust dicopper(i) μ-boryl complexes supported by a dinucleating naphthyridine-based ligand. Chem Sci 2022; 13:6619-6625. [PMID: 35756530 PMCID: PMC9172574 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc00848c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Copper boryl species have been widely invoked as reactive intermediates in Cu-catalysed C–H borylation reactions, but their isolation and study have been challenging. Use of the robust dinucleating ligand DPFN (2,7-bis(fluoro-di(2-pyridyl)methyl)-1,8-naphthyridine) allowed for the isolation of two very thermally stable dicopper(i) boryl complexes, [(DPFN)Cu2(μ-Bpin)][NTf2] (2) and [(DPFN)Cu2(μ-Bcat)][NTf2] (4) (pin = 2,3-dimethylbutane-2,3-diol; cat = benzene-1,2-diol). These complexes were prepared by cleavage of the corresponding diborane via reaction with the alkoxide [(DPFN)Cu2(μ-OtBu)][NTf2] (3). Reactivity studies illustrated the exceptional stability of these boryl complexes (thermal stability in solution up to 100 °C) and their role in the activation of C(sp)–H bonds. X-ray diffraction and computational studies provide a detailed description of the bonding and electronic structures in these complexes, and suggest that the dinucleating character of the naphthyridine-based ligand is largely responsible for their remarkable stability. Cu(i) boryl species have been widely invoked as reactive intermediates in Cu-catalysed C–H borylations, but their isolation has been challenging. In this work, thermally robust dicopper(I) boryl complexes have been synthesized and studied in detail.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Ríos
- Department of Chemistry, University of California Berkeley USA
| | - Matthew S See
- Department of Chemistry, University of California Berkeley USA
| | - Rex C Handford
- Department of Chemistry, University of California Berkeley USA
| | - Simon J Teat
- Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Berkeley CA 94720-1460 USA
| | - T Don Tilley
- Department of Chemistry, University of California Berkeley USA
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30
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31
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Chen M, Lei B, Wang X, Rong H, Song H, Mo Z. A Silylene‐Stabilized Germanium Analogue of Alkynylaluminum. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202204495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ming Chen
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry College of Chemistry Nankai University Tianjin 300071 China
| | - Binglin Lei
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry College of Chemistry Nankai University Tianjin 300071 China
| | - Xuyang Wang
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry College of Chemistry Nankai University Tianjin 300071 China
| | - Hua Rong
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry College of Chemistry Nankai University Tianjin 300071 China
| | - Haibin Song
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry College of Chemistry Nankai University Tianjin 300071 China
| | - Zhenbo Mo
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry College of Chemistry Nankai University Tianjin 300071 China
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32
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Héron J, Balcells D. Concerted Cycloaddition Mechanism in the CuAAC Reaction Catalyzed by 1,8-Naphthyridine Dicopper Complexes. ACS Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.2c00723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Julie Héron
- Hylleraas Centre for Quantum Molecular Sciences, Department of Chemistry, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1033, Blindern, Oslo 0315, Norway
| | - David Balcells
- Hylleraas Centre for Quantum Molecular Sciences, Department of Chemistry, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1033, Blindern, Oslo 0315, Norway
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33
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Das A, Elvers BJ, Nayak MK, Chrysochos N, Anga S, Kumar A, Rao DK, Narayanan TN, Schulzke C, Yildiz CB, Jana A. Realizing the 1,1‐Dehydration of Secondary Alcohols to Carbenes: Pyrrolidin‐2‐ols as a Source of Cyclic (Alkyl)(Amino)Carbenes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202202637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ayan Das
- Tata Institute of Fundamental Research Hyderabad Chemistry INDIA
| | | | | | | | - Srinivas Anga
- Tata Institute of Fundamental Research Hyderabad Chemistry INDIA
| | - Amar Kumar
- Tata Institute of Fundamental Research Hyderabad Chemistry INDIA
| | - D. Krishna Rao
- Tata Institute of Fundamental Research Hyderabad Chemistry INDIA
| | | | | | - Cem B. Yildiz
- Aksaray Universitesi Aromatic and Medicinal Plants TURKEY
| | - Anukul Jana
- TIFR Centre for Interdisciplinary Sciences Chemical Science 21, Brundavan Colony, Narsingi 500075 Hyderabad INDIA
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34
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Marcos-Ayuso G, Lledós A, Casares JA. Copper(I) activation of C-X bonds: bimolecular vs. unimolecular reaction mechanism. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:2718-2721. [PMID: 35113089 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc07027d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Experimental kinetic studies and DFT calculations show that the oxidative addition of aryl halides (Ar-X) to complexes [Cu(NHC)R] follow different paths depending on the nature of X. For X = Br a concerted addition leads to cis-[Cu(NHC)XRAr] from which the usual C-C coupled product Ar-R eliminates. However, for X = I trans-[Cu(NHC)IRAr] is formed instead, leading to the elimination of R-I in a metathesis reaction. This behaviour is accounted for by a change in the reaction mechanism for Ar-I, which involves two molecules of copper(I) complex, the second one stabilising the incipient iodide formed in the C-I breaking (oxidative addition) and C-I forming (reductive elimination) processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillermo Marcos-Ayuso
- IU CINQUIMA/Química Inorgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valladolid, 47011-Valladolid, Spain.
| | - Agustí Lledós
- Departament de Química, Edifici C.n, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Catalonia, Spain.
| | - Juan A Casares
- IU CINQUIMA/Química Inorgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valladolid, 47011-Valladolid, Spain.
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35
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Nakagawa S, Yoshie N. Star polymer networks: a toolbox for cross-linked polymers with controlled structure. Polym Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d1py01547h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis of precisely controlled polymer networks has been a long-cherished dream of polymer scientists. Traditional random cross-linking strategies often lead to uncontrolled networks with various kinds of defects. Recent...
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36
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Cyclic (alkyl)(amino)carbene (CAAC) ligands: Electronic structure and application as chemically- and redox-non-innocent ligands and chromophores. ADVANCES IN ORGANOMETALLIC CHEMISTRY 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.adomc.2022.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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37
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Mamontova E, Favier I, Pla D, Gómez M. Organometallic interactions between metal nanoparticles and carbon-based molecules: A surface reactivity rationale. ADVANCES IN ORGANOMETALLIC CHEMISTRY 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.adomc.2022.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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38
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Ibni Hashim I, Scattolin T, Tzouras NV, Bourda L, Van Hecke K, Ritacco I, Caporaso L, Cavallo L, Nolan SP, Cazin CSJ. Straightforward synthesis of [Cu(NHC)(alkynyl)] and [Cu(NHC)(thiolato)] complexes (NHC = N-heterocyclic carbene). Dalton Trans 2021; 51:231-240. [PMID: 34881762 DOI: 10.1039/d1dt03710b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Synthetic access to monomeric copper-alkynyl and copper-thiolato complexes of the type [(NHC)Cu(R)] (R = alkynyl or thiolato) using a weak base approach is reported. All reported reactions proceed under mild conditions in air and in environmentally acceptable solvents. The novel complexes are fully characterized and single crystal X-ray analyses unambiguously establish the atom connectivity in these mononuclear complexes. The importance of the supporting NHC ligand's steric properties in stabilizing mononuclear complexes is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ishfaq Ibni Hashim
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Sustainable Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281 (S-3), 9000, Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Thomas Scattolin
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Sustainable Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281 (S-3), 9000, Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Nikolaos V Tzouras
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Sustainable Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281 (S-3), 9000, Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Laurens Bourda
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Sustainable Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281 (S-3), 9000, Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Kristof Van Hecke
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Sustainable Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281 (S-3), 9000, Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Ida Ritacco
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Biologia, University of Salerno, Fisciano, 84048, Italy
| | - Lucia Caporaso
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Biologia, University of Salerno, Fisciano, 84048, Italy
| | - Luigi Cavallo
- KAUST Catalysis Center, Physical Sciences and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, 96500, Saudi Arabia
| | - Steven P Nolan
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Sustainable Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281 (S-3), 9000, Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Catherine S J Cazin
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Sustainable Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281 (S-3), 9000, Ghent, Belgium.
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39
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Patterson MR, Dias HVR. Tetranuclear and trinuclear copper(I) pyrazolates as catalysts in copper mediated azide-alkyne cycloadditions (CuAAC). Dalton Trans 2021; 51:375-383. [PMID: 34897336 DOI: 10.1039/d1dt04026j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Homoleptic, tetranuclear copper(I) pyrazolates {[3,5-(t-Bu)2Pz]Cu}4, {[3-(CF3)-5-(t-Bu)Pz]Cu}4, and {[4-Br-3,5-(i-Pr)2Pz]Cu}4 are excellent stand-alone catalysts for azide-alkyne cycloaddition reactions (CuAAC). This work demonstrates that a range of pyrazolates, including those with electron donating and electron-withdrawing groups to sterically demanding substituents on the pyrazolyl backbones, can serve as effective ligand supports on tetranuclear copper catalysts. However, in contrast to the tetramers and also highly fluorinated {[3,5-(CF3)2Pz]Cu}3, trinuclear copper(I) complexes such as {[3,5-(i-Pr)2Pz]Cu}3 and {[3-(CF3)-5-(CH3)Pz]Cu}3 supported by relatively electron rich pyrazolates display poor catalytic activity in CuAAC. The behavior and degree of aggregation of several of these copper(I) pyrazolates in solution were examined using vapor pressure osmometry. Copper(I) complexes such as {[3,5-(CF3)2Pz]Cu}3 and {[3-(CF3)-5-(t-Bu)Pz]Cu}4 with electron withdrawing pyrazolates were found to break up in solution to different degrees producing smaller aggregates while those such as {[3,5-(i-Pr)2Pz]Cu}3 and {[3,5-(t-Bu)2Pz]Cu}4 with electron rich pyrazolates remain intact. In addition, kinetic experiments were performed to understand the unusual activity of tetranuclear copper(I) pyrazolate systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika R Patterson
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, Texas 76019, USA.
| | - H V Rasika Dias
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, Texas 76019, USA.
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40
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Khatua M, Goswami B, Kamal, Samanta S. Azide-Alkyne "Click" Reaction in Water Using Parts-Per-Million Amine-Functionalized Azoaromatic Cu(I) Complex as Catalyst: Effect of the Amine Side Arm. Inorg Chem 2021; 60:17537-17554. [PMID: 34806366 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.1c02115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
A series of Cu(II) complexes, 1-4 and 6, were synthesized through a reaction of amine-functionalized pincer-like ligands, HL1,2, La,b, and a bidentate ligand L1 with CuCl2·2H2O. The chemical reduction of complex 1 using 1 equiv of sodium l-ascorbate resulted in a dimeric Cu(I) complex 5 in excellent yield. All of the complexes, 1-6, were thoroughly characterized using various physicochemical characterization techniques, single-crystal X-ray structure determination, and density functional theory calculations. Ligands HL1,2 and La,b behaved as tridentated donors by the coordination of the amine side arm in their respective Cu(II) complexes, and the amine side arm remained as a pendant in Cu(I) complexes. All of these complexes (1-6) were explored for copper(I)-catalyzed 1,3-dipolar azide-alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAC) reaction at room temperature in water under air. Complex 5 directly served as an active catalyst; however, complexes 1-4 and 6 required 1 equiv of sodium l-ascorbate to generate their corresponding active Cu(I) catalyst. It has been observed that azo-based ligand-containing Cu(I)-complexes are air-stable and were highly efficient for the CuAAC reaction. The amine side arm in the ligand backbone has a dramatic role in accelerating the reaction rate. Mechanistic investigations showed that the alkyne C-H deprotonation was the rate-limiting step and the pendant amine side arm intramolecularly served as a base for Cu-coordinated alkyne deprotonation, leading to the azide-alkyne 2 + 3 cycloaddition reaction. Thus, variation of the amine side arm in complexes 1-4 and use of the most basic diisopropyl amine moiety in complex 4 has resulted in an unique amine-functionalized azoaromatic Cu(I) system for CuAAC reaction upon sodium l-ascorbate reduction. The complex 4 has shown excellent catalysis at its low parts-per-million level loading in water. The catalytic protocol was versatile and exhibited very good functional group tolerance. It was also employed efficiently to synthesize a number of useful functional triazoles having medicinal, catalytic, and targeting properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manas Khatua
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur, West Bengal, India 741246
| | - Bappaditya Goswami
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur, West Bengal, India 741246
| | - Kamal
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Jammu, Jagti, Jammu, India 181221
| | - Subhas Samanta
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Jammu, Jagti, Jammu, India 181221
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41
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Zhou Z, Yue Q, Zhao Y. A DFT Study on the Binuclear Copper(I)-Catalyzed Synthesis Mechanism of 1,2,3-Triazolo[1,5-c]Pyrimidine via Interrupted Click and Ketenimine Rearrangement. Chemphyschem 2021; 23:e202100751. [PMID: 34799971 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.202100751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Revised: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
In this paper, the mechanism of the full catalytic cycle for binuclear Cu(I)-catalyzed sulfonyl azide-alkyne cycloaddition reaction for the synthesis of triazolopyrimidines was rationalized by density functional theoretical (DFT) calculations. The computed reaction route consists of: (a) formation of dicopper intermediates, including C-H activation of terminal alkyne, 3+2 ring cycloaddition and ring-reducing reaction and transmetalation, (b) interrupted CuAAC reaction, including di-copper catalyzed ring-opening of 2H-azirines and C-C bond formation to generate the copper-triazoles and -ketenimines, (c) two-step C-N cross-coupling and following (d) multi-step hydrogen transfer by the hydrogen bonding chain of water to promote the C-N formation and another C-N cleavage through the removal of p-tolyl sulfonamides. Our DFT results indicate that the multi-step hydrogen transfer process is the rate-determining step along the potential energy surface profile. The explicit water model was used for systematic determination of barrier for C-C cross-coupling, C-N bond formation and cleavage, and p-tolylsulfonamide removal. A critical insight in the interrupted CuAAC reaction was proposed. Further prediction interprets H2 O hydrogen bond chain plays an important role in C-N bond formation and cleavage, and the removal of p-tolylsulfonamide. This may have fundamental guidance on the design of 1, 5-herterocyclic functionalized triazolopyrimidines via interrupted CuAAC rearrangement reaction, as well as hydrogen bond chain of water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoman Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Surface & Interface Science of Polymer Materials of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, China.,Office of Academic Research, Guangxi Modern Polytechnic College, Hechi, 547000, China
| | - Qianqian Yue
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Surface & Interface Science of Polymer Materials of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, China
| | - Yanying Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Surface & Interface Science of Polymer Materials of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, China
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42
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Huang T, Li B, Wang H, Granick S. Molecules, the Ultimate Nanomotor: Linking Chemical Reaction Intermediates to their Molecular Diffusivity. ACS NANO 2021; 15:14947-14953. [PMID: 34523903 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.1c05168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The intellectual community focused on nanomotors has recently become interested in extending these concepts to individual molecules. Here, we study a chemical reaction according to whose mechanism some intermediate species should speed up while others slow down in predictable ways, if the nanomotor hypothesis of boosted diffusion holds. Accordingly, we scrutinize the absolute diffusion coefficient (D) during intermediate steps of the catalytic cycle for the CuAAC reaction (copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition click reaction), using proton pulsed field-gradient nuclear magnetic resonance to discriminate between the diffusion of various reaction intermediates. We observe time-dependent diffusion that is enhanced for some intermediate molecular species and depressed for those whose size increases owing to complex formation. These findings point to the failure of the conventional Stokes-Einstein equation to fully explain diffusivity during chemical reaction. Without attempting a firm explanation, this paper highlights aspects of the physics of chemical reactions that are imperfectly understood and presents systematic data that can be used to assess hypotheses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian Huang
- Center for Soft and Living Matter, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Ulsan 44919, South Korea
| | - Bo Li
- Center for Soft and Living Matter, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Ulsan 44919, South Korea
| | - Huan Wang
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, People's Republic of China
| | - Steve Granick
- Center for Soft and Living Matter, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Ulsan 44919, South Korea
- Departments of Chemistry and Physics, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, South Korea
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43
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Guo R, Li T, Wei R, Zhang X, Li Q, Liu LL, Tung CH, Kong L. Boraiminolithium: An Iminoborane-Transfer Reagent. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:13483-13488. [PMID: 34427439 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c06152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BN/CC isosterism can give rise to attractive molecules with unique physical or chemical properties. We report here the synthesis, characterization, and reactivities of the boraiminolithium species 2, a room-temperature-stable crystalline solid accessible through a facile dehydrohalogenation/deprotonation reaction. This species, bearing a polarized B≡N triple bond and an anionic N center, is the first example of a BN analogue to the well-known alkynyllithium molecules (lithium acetylides). It has demonstrated a remarkable ability for iminoborane-transfer reactions, which allows for the isolation of a series of unprecedented N-functionalized iminoboranes as well as novel main-group heterocycles. Stable boraiminolithium reagents may become powerful tools in the exploration of new BN-containing building blocks for synthetic chemistry and materials science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Guo
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, People's Republic of China
| | - Tong Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, People's Republic of China
| | - Rui Wei
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, People's Republic of China
| | - Qianli Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252059, People's Republic of China
| | - Liu Leo Liu
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, People's Republic of China
| | - Chen-Ho Tung
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, People's Republic of China
| | - Lingbing Kong
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, People's Republic of China.,State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, People's Republic of China
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Amini H, Weisbach N, Gauthier S, Kuhn H, Bhuvanesh N, Hampel F, Reibenspies JH, Gladysz JA. Trapping of Terminal Platinapolyynes by Copper(I) Catalyzed Click Cycloadditions; Probes of Labile Intermediates in Syntheses of Complexes with Extended sp Carbon Chains, and Crystallographic Studies. Chemistry 2021; 27:12619-12634. [PMID: 34101914 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202101725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The silylated hexatriynyl complex trans-(C6 F5 )(p-tol3 P)2 Pt(C≡C)3 SiEt3 (PtC6 TES) is converted in situ to PtC6 H (wet n-Bu4 N+ F- , THF) and cross coupled with the diyne H(C≡C)2 SiEt3 (HC4 TES; CuCl/TMEDA, O2 ) to give PtC10 TES (71 %). This sequence is repeated twice to afford PtC14 TES (65 %) and then PtC18 TES (27 %). An analogous series of reactions starting with PtC8 TES gives PtC12 TES (60 %), then PtC16 TES (43 %), and then PtC20 TES (17 %). Similar cross couplings with H(C≡C)2 Si(i-Pr)3 (HC4 TIPS) give PtC12 TIPS (68 %), PtC14 TIPS (68 %), and PtC16 TIPS (34 %). The trialkylsilyl species (up to PtC18 TES) are converted to 3+2 "click" cycloadducts or 1,4-disubstituted 1,2,3-triazoles trans-(C6 F5 )(p-tol3 P)2 Pt(C≡C)n-1 C=CHN(CH2 C6 H5 )N=N (29-92 % after workups). The most general procedure involves generating the terminal polyynes PtCx H (wet n-Bu4 N+ F- , THF) in the presence of benzyl azide in DMF and aqueous CuSO4 /ascorbic acid. All of the preceding complexes are crystallographically characterized and the structural and spectroscopic properties analyzed as a function of chain length. Two pseudopolymorphs of PtC20 TES are obtained, both of which feature molecules with parallel sp carbon chains in a pairwise head/tail packing motif with extensive sp/sp van der Waals contacts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hashem Amini
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University P.O. Box 30012, College Station, Texas, 77842-3012, USA
| | - Nancy Weisbach
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University P.O. Box 30012, College Station, Texas, 77842-3012, USA
| | - Sébastien Gauthier
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University P.O. Box 30012, College Station, Texas, 77842-3012, USA
| | - Helene Kuhn
- Institut für Organische Chemie and Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Henkestraße 42, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Nattamai Bhuvanesh
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University P.O. Box 30012, College Station, Texas, 77842-3012, USA
| | - Frank Hampel
- Institut für Organische Chemie and Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Henkestraße 42, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Joseph H Reibenspies
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University P.O. Box 30012, College Station, Texas, 77842-3012, USA
| | - John A Gladysz
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University P.O. Box 30012, College Station, Texas, 77842-3012, USA
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Vafaeezadeh M, Schaumlöffel J, Lösch A, De Cuyper A, Thiel WR. Dinuclear Copper Complex Immobilized on a Janus-Type Material as an Interfacial Heterogeneous Catalyst for Green Synthesis. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:33091-33101. [PMID: 34247474 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c08267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
We herein describe a rational design of a heterogeneous catalyst composed of a dinuclear cuprate anion being immobilized electrostatically on one surface of Janus-type nanosheets while the other surface is decorated with highly hydrophobic octyl groups. The catalyst was found to be well dispersible in the organic phase of a biphasic aqueous/organic mixture. It was characterized by means of elemental analysis, atomic absorption spectroscopy, mass spectrometry, N2 absorption-desorption analysis, thermogravimetric analysis, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and solid-state 13C and 29Si cross-polarization magic-angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. The Janus nature of the catalyst was investigated by employing a selective surface labeling method and by means of SEM. The catalyst shows higher activity compared to a non-Janus analogue in a biphasic synthesis. It was successfully used for the azide-alkyne cycloaddition and the Chan-Lam C-N coupling reaction. In addition, new and simple ways have been established for the production of a coumarin-triazole derivative and for the synthesis of the biologically active compound Monastrol via a solvent-free Biginelli reaction. The role of the dinuclear copper centers is discussed mechanistically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Majid Vafaeezadeh
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Kaiserslautern, Erwin-Schrödinger-Street 54, Kaiserslautern 67663, Germany
| | - Johannes Schaumlöffel
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Kaiserslautern, Erwin-Schrödinger-Street 54, Kaiserslautern 67663, Germany
| | - Andrea Lösch
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Kaiserslautern, Erwin-Schrödinger-Street 54, Kaiserslautern 67663, Germany
| | - Annelies De Cuyper
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Kaiserslautern, Erwin-Schrödinger-Street 54, Kaiserslautern 67663, Germany
| | - Werner R Thiel
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Kaiserslautern, Erwin-Schrödinger-Street 54, Kaiserslautern 67663, Germany
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Agrahari AK, Bose P, Jaiswal MK, Rajkhowa S, Singh AS, Hotha S, Mishra N, Tiwari VK. Cu(I)-Catalyzed Click Chemistry in Glycoscience and Their Diverse Applications. Chem Rev 2021; 121:7638-7956. [PMID: 34165284 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.0c00920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 159] [Impact Index Per Article: 53.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Copper(I)-catalyzed 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition between organic azides and terminal alkynes, commonly known as CuAAC or click chemistry, has been identified as one of the most successful, versatile, reliable, and modular strategies for the rapid and regioselective construction of 1,4-disubstituted 1,2,3-triazoles as diversely functionalized molecules. Carbohydrates, an integral part of living cells, have several fascinating features, including their structural diversity, biocompatibility, bioavailability, hydrophilicity, and superior ADME properties with minimal toxicity, which support increased demand to explore them as versatile scaffolds for easy access to diverse glycohybrids and well-defined glycoconjugates for complete chemical, biochemical, and pharmacological investigations. This review highlights the successful development of CuAAC or click chemistry in emerging areas of glycoscience, including the synthesis of triazole appended carbohydrate-containing molecular architectures (mainly glycohybrids, glycoconjugates, glycopolymers, glycopeptides, glycoproteins, glycolipids, glycoclusters, and glycodendrimers through regioselective triazole forming modular and bio-orthogonal coupling protocols). It discusses the widespread applications of these glycoproducts as enzyme inhibitors in drug discovery and development, sensing, gelation, chelation, glycosylation, and catalysis. This review also covers the impact of click chemistry and provides future perspectives on its role in various emerging disciplines of science and technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anand K Agrahari
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh 221005, India
| | - Priyanka Bose
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh 221005, India
| | - Manoj K Jaiswal
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh 221005, India
| | - Sanchayita Rajkhowa
- Department of Chemistry, Jorhat Institute of Science and Technology (JIST), Jorhat, Assam 785010, India
| | - Anoop S Singh
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh 221005, India
| | - Srinivas Hotha
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science and Engineering Research (IISER), Pune, Maharashtra 411021, India
| | - Nidhi Mishra
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh 221005, India
| | - Vinod K Tiwari
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh 221005, India
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Silva EM, Albuquerque DY, Zukerman‐Schpector J, Schwab RS. Development of a Novel Three‐step Sonogashira Cross Coupling/Deacetonation/Cycloaddition Protocol for the Synthesis of 4‐aryl‐1,2,3‐triazoles Using 2‐methyl‐3‐butyn‐2‐ol as a Versatile Acetylene Surrogate. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.202100086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Everton M. Silva
- Centre of Excellence for Research in Sustainable Chemistry (CERSusChem) Departamento de Química Universidade Federal de São Carlos – UFSCar Rodovia Washington Luís, km 235 – SP-310 São Carlos São Paulo 13565-905 Brazil
| | - Danilo Yano Albuquerque
- Centre of Excellence for Research in Sustainable Chemistry (CERSusChem) Departamento de Química Universidade Federal de São Carlos – UFSCar Rodovia Washington Luís, km 235 – SP-310 São Carlos São Paulo 13565-905 Brazil
| | - Julio Zukerman‐Schpector
- Departamento de Química Universidade Federal de São Carlos – UFSCar Rodovia Washington Luís, km 235 – SP-310 São Carlos São Paulo 13565-905 Brazil
| | - Ricardo S. Schwab
- Centre of Excellence for Research in Sustainable Chemistry (CERSusChem) Departamento de Química Universidade Federal de São Carlos – UFSCar Rodovia Washington Luís, km 235 – SP-310 São Carlos São Paulo 13565-905 Brazil
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48
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Pandey S, Mandal T. Discrete Benzotriazole‐Copper(II) Complexes in Chelated and Non‐Chelated Coordination Modes: Structural Analysis and Catalytic Application in Click and A
3
Coupling Reactions. Eur J Inorg Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.202100103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sharmila Pandey
- Department of Chemistry Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Bhopal Bhopal 462 066 India
- School of Sciences SAGE University Bhopal Bhopal 462 022 India
| | - Tanmoy Mandal
- Department of Chemistry Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Bhopal Bhopal 462 066 India
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49
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Bahsis L, Ablouh E, Hachim ME, Anane H, Taourirte M, Julve M, Stiriba S. Copper(I)‐chitin biopolymer based: An efficient and recyclable catalyst for click azide–alkyne cycloaddition reactions in water. Appl Organomet Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/aoc.6275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lahoucine Bahsis
- Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination et d'Analytique (LCCA), Département de Chimie, Faculté des Sciences d'El Jadida Université Chouaïb Doukkali El Jadida Morocco
- Laboratoire de Chimie Analytique et Moléculaire, LCAM, Faculté Polydisciplinaire de Safi Université Cadi Ayyad Safi Morocco
| | - El‐Houssaine Ablouh
- Materials Science and Nanoengineering Department (MSN) Mohammed VI Polytechnic University (UM6P) Ben Guerir Morocco
| | - Mouhi Eddine Hachim
- Équipe de Modélisation Moléculaire et de Spectroscopie, Faculté des sciences Université de Chouaïb Doukkali El Jadida Morocco
| | - Hafid Anane
- Laboratoire de Chimie Analytique et Moléculaire, LCAM, Faculté Polydisciplinaire de Safi Université Cadi Ayyad Safi Morocco
| | - Moha Taourirte
- Laboratoire de Chimie Bioorganique et Macromoléculaire, Faculté des Sciences et Techniques de Marrakech Université Cadi Ayyad Marrakech Morocco
| | - Miguel Julve
- Instituto de Ciencia Molecular/ICMol Universidad de Valencia Valencia Spain
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Kandler R, Das S, Nag A. Copper-ligand clusters dictate size of cyclized peptide formed during alkyne-azide cycloaddition on solid support. RSC Adv 2021; 11:4842-4852. [PMID: 34377440 PMCID: PMC8351437 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra07491h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Peptide and peptidomimetic cyclization by copper-catalyzed alkyne-azide cycloaddition (CuAAC) reaction have been used to mimic disulfide bonds, alpha helices, amide bonds, and for one-bead-one-compound (OBOC) library development. A limited number of solid-supported CuAAC cyclization methods resulting in monomeric cyclic peptide formation have been reported for specific peptide sequences, but there exists no general study on monocyclic peptide formation using CuAAC cyclization. Since several cyclic peptides identified from an OBOC CuAAC cyclized library has been shown to have important biological applications, we discuss here an efficient method of alkyne-azide 'click' catalyzed monomeric cyclic peptide formation on a solid support. The reason behind the efficiency of the method is explored. CuAAC cyclization of a peptide sequence with azidolysine and propargylglycine is performed under various reaction conditions, with different catalysts, in the presence or absence of an organic base. The results indicate that piperidine plays a critical role in the reaction yield and monomeric cycle formation by coordinating to Cu and forming Cu-ligand clusters. A previously synthesized copper compound containing piperidine, [Cu4I4(pip)4], is found to catalyze the CuAAC cyclization of monomeric peptide effectively. The use of 1.5 equivalents of CuI and the use of DMF as solvent is found to give optimal CuAAC cyclized monomer yields. The effect of the peptide sequence and peptide length on monomer formation are also investigated by varying either parameter systemically. Peptide length is identified as the determining factor for whether the monomeric or dimeric cyclic peptide is the major product. For peptides with six, seven, or eight amino acids, the monomer is the major product from CuAAC cyclization. Longer and shorter peptides on cyclization show less monomer formation. CuAAC peptide cyclization of non-optimal peptide lengths such as pentamers is affected significantly by the amino acid sequence and give lower yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rene Kandler
- Carlson School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Clark University, Worcester, MA 01610, USA
| | - Samir Das
- Carlson School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Clark University, Worcester, MA 01610, USA
| | - Arundhati Nag
- Carlson School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Clark University, Worcester, MA 01610, USA
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