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Tang C, Han Z, Liu Z, Li W, Shen J, Zhang K, Mai S, Li J, Sun X, Chen X, Li H, Wang L, Liang J, Liao M, Feng J, Wang C, Wang J, Ye L, Yang Y, Xie S, Shi X, Zeng K, Zhang X, Cheng X, Zhang K, Guo Y, Yang H, Xu Y, Tong Q, Yu H, Chen P, Peng H, Sun X. A Soft-Fiber Bioelectronic Device with Axon-Like Architecture Enables Reliable Neural Recording In Vivo under Vigorous Activities. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024:e2407874. [PMID: 39054698 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202407874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2024] [Revised: 07/15/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
Implantable neural devices that record neurons in various states, including static states, light activities such as walking, and vigorous activities such as running, offer opportunities for understanding brain functions and dysfunctions. However, recording neurons under vigorous activities remains a long-standing challenge because it leads to intense brain deformation. Thus, three key requirements are needed simultaneously for neural devices, that is, low modulus, low specific interfacial impedance, and high electrical conductivity, to realize stable device/brain interfaces and high-quality transmission of neural signals. However, they always contradict each other in current material strategies. Here, a soft fiber neural device capable of stably tracking individual neurons in the deep brain of medium-sized animals under vigorous activity is reported. Inspired by the axon architecture, this fiber neural device is constructed with a conductive gel fiber possessing a network-in-liquid structure using conjugated polymers and liquid matrices and then insulated with soft fluorine rubber. This strategy reconciles the contradictions and simultaneously confers the fiber neural device with low modulus (300 kPa), low specific impedance (579 kΩ µm2), and high electrical conductivity (32 700 S m-1) - ≈1-3 times higher than hydrogels. Stable single-unit spike tracking in running cats, which promises new opportunities for neuroscience is demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengqiang Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Institute of Fiber Materials and Devices, and Laboratory of Advanced Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Zhengqi Han
- Vision Research Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Ziwei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Institute of Fiber Materials and Devices, and Laboratory of Advanced Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Wenjun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Institute of Fiber Materials and Devices, and Laboratory of Advanced Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Jiahao Shen
- Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Kailin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Institute of Fiber Materials and Devices, and Laboratory of Advanced Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Shuting Mai
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Institute of Fiber Materials and Devices, and Laboratory of Advanced Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Jinyan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Institute of Fiber Materials and Devices, and Laboratory of Advanced Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Xiao Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Institute of Fiber Materials and Devices, and Laboratory of Advanced Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Xingfei Chen
- Vision Research Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Hongjian Li
- Vision Research Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Liyuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Institute of Fiber Materials and Devices, and Laboratory of Advanced Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Jiaheng Liang
- Vision Research Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Meng Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Institute of Fiber Materials and Devices, and Laboratory of Advanced Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Jianyou Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Institute of Fiber Materials and Devices, and Laboratory of Advanced Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Chuang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Institute of Fiber Materials and Devices, and Laboratory of Advanced Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Jiajia Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Institute of Fiber Materials and Devices, and Laboratory of Advanced Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Lei Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Institute of Fiber Materials and Devices, and Laboratory of Advanced Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Yiqing Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Institute of Fiber Materials and Devices, and Laboratory of Advanced Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Songlin Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Institute of Fiber Materials and Devices, and Laboratory of Advanced Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Xiang Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Institute of Fiber Materials and Devices, and Laboratory of Advanced Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Kaiwen Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Institute of Fiber Materials and Devices, and Laboratory of Advanced Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Xuefeng Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Xiangran Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Institute of Fiber Materials and Devices, and Laboratory of Advanced Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Kun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Institute of Fiber Materials and Devices, and Laboratory of Advanced Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Yue Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Institute of Fiber Materials and Devices, and Laboratory of Advanced Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Han Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Institute of Fiber Materials and Devices, and Laboratory of Advanced Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Yifei Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Institute of Fiber Materials and Devices, and Laboratory of Advanced Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Qi Tong
- Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Hongbo Yu
- Vision Research Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Peining Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Institute of Fiber Materials and Devices, and Laboratory of Advanced Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Huisheng Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Institute of Fiber Materials and Devices, and Laboratory of Advanced Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Xuemei Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Institute of Fiber Materials and Devices, and Laboratory of Advanced Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
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Ranke D, Lee I, Gershanok SA, Jo S, Trotto E, Wang Y, Balakrishnan G, Cohen-Karni T. Multifunctional Nanomaterials for Advancing Neural Interfaces: Recording, Stimulation, and Beyond. Acc Chem Res 2024; 57:1803-1814. [PMID: 38859612 PMCID: PMC11223263 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.4c00138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Revised: 05/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024]
Abstract
ConspectusNeurotechnology has seen dramatic improvements in the last three decades. The major focus in the field has been to design electrical communication platforms with high spatial resolution, stability, and translatability for understanding and affecting neural pathways. The deployment of nanomaterials in bioelectronics has enhanced the capabilities of conventional approaches employing microelectrode arrays (MEAs) for electrical interfaces, allowing the construction of miniaturized, high-performance neuroelectronics (Garg, R.; et al. ACS Appl. Nano Mater. 2023, 6, 8495). While these advancements in the electrical neuronal interface have revolutionized neurotechnology both in scale and breadth, an in-depth understanding of neurons' interactions is challenging due to the complexity of the environments where the cells and tissues are laid. The activity of large, three-dimensional neuronal systems has proven difficult to accurately monitor and modulate, and chemical cell-cell communication is often completely neglected. Recent breakthroughs in nanotechnology have provided opportunities to use new nonelectric modes of communication with neurons and to significantly enhance electrical signal interface capabilities. The enhanced electrochemical activity and optical activity of nanomaterials owing to their nonbulk electronic properties and surface nanostructuring have seen extensive utilization. Nanomaterials' enhanced optical activity enables remote neural state modulation, whereas the defect-rich surfaces provide an enormous number of available electrocatalytic sites for neurochemical detection and electrochemical modulation of cell microenvironments through Faradaic processes. Such unique properties can allow multimodal neural interrogation toward generating closed-loop interfaces with access to more complete neural state descriptors. In this Account, we will review recent advances and our efforts spearheaded toward utilizing nanostructured electrodes for enhanced bidirectional interfaces with neurons, the application of unique hybrid nanomaterials for remote nongenetic optical stimulation of neurons, tunable nanomaterials for highly sensitive and selective neurotransmitter detection, and the utilization of nanomaterials as electrocatalysts toward electrochemically modulating cellular activity. We highlight applications of these technologies across cell types through nanomaterial engineering with a focus on multifunctional graphene nanostructures applied though several modes of neural modulation but also an exploration of broad material classes for maximizing the potency of closed-loop bioelectronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Ranke
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, Carnegie
Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States of America
| | - Inkyu Lee
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, Carnegie
Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States of America
| | - Samuel A. Gershanok
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, Carnegie
Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States of America
| | - Seonghan Jo
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, Carnegie
Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States of America
| | - Emily Trotto
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, Carnegie
Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States of America
| | - Yingqiao Wang
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, Carnegie
Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States of America
| | - Gaurav Balakrishnan
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, Carnegie
Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States of America
| | - Tzahi Cohen-Karni
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, Carnegie
Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States of America
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon
University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States of America
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Xu K, Yang Y, Ding J, Wang J, Fang Y, Tian H. Spatially Precise Genetic Engineering at the Electrode-Tissue Interface. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2401327. [PMID: 38692704 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202401327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Revised: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024]
Abstract
The interface between electrodes and neural tissues plays a pivotal role in determining the efficacy and fidelity of neural activity recording and modulation. While considerable efforts have been made to improve the electrode-tissue interface, the majority of studies have primarily concentrated on the development of biocompatible neural electrodes through abiotic materials and structural engineering. In this study, an approach is presented that seamlessly integrates abiotic and biotic engineering principles into the electrode-tissue interface. Specifically, ultraflexible neural electrodes with short hairpin RNAs (shRNAs) designed to silence the expression of endogenous genes within neural tissues are combined. The system facilitates shRNA-mediated knockdown of phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome 10 (PTEN) and polypyrimidine tract-binding protein 1 (PTBP1), two essential genes associated in neural survival/growth and neurogenesis, within specific cell populations located at the electrode-tissue interface. Additionally, it is demonstrated that the downregulation of PTEN in neurons can result in an enlargement of neuronal cell bodies at the electrode-tissue interface. Furthermore, the system enables long-term monitoring of neuronal activities following PTEN knockdown in a mouse model of Parkinson's disease and traumatic brain injury. The system provides a versatile approach for genetically engineering the electrode-tissue interface with unparalleled precision, paving the way for the development of regenerative electronics and next-generation brain-machine interfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Xu
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Institute of Neuroscience, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
- School of Nanoscience and Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yinan Yang
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Institute of Neuroscience, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
- School of Nanoscience and Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Jianfei Ding
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Jinfen Wang
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, China
- Chinese Institute for Brain Research, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Ying Fang
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Institute of Neuroscience, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
- School of Nanoscience and Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
- Chinese Institute for Brain Research, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Huihui Tian
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, China
- Chinese Institute for Brain Research, Beijing, 102206, China
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Kim M, Lee H, Nam S, Kim DH, Cha GD. Soft Bioelectronics Using Nanomaterials and Nanostructures for Neuroengineering. Acc Chem Res 2024; 57:1633-1647. [PMID: 38752397 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.4c00163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2024]
Abstract
The identification of neural networks for large areas and the regulation of neuronal activity at the single-neuron scale have garnered considerable attention in neuroscience. In addition, detecting biochemical molecules and electrically, optically, and chemically controlling neural functions are key research issues. However, conventional rigid and bulky bioelectronics face challenges for neural applications, including mechanical mismatch, unsatisfactory signal-to-noise ratio, and poor integration of multifunctional components, thereby degrading the sensing and modulation performance, long-term stability and biocompatibility, and diagnosis and therapy efficacy. Implantable bioelectronics have been developed to be mechanically compatible with the brain environment by adopting advanced geometric designs and utilizing intrinsically stretchable materials, but such advances have not been able to address all of the aforementioned challenges.Recently, the exploration of nanomaterial synthesis and nanoscale fabrication strategies has facilitated the design of unconventional soft bioelectronics with mechanical properties similar to those of neural tissues and submicrometer-scale resolution comparable to typical neuron sizes. The introduction of nanotechnology has provided bioelectronics with improved spatial resolution, selectivity, single neuron targeting, and even multifunctionality. As a result, this state-of-the-art nanotechnology has been integrated with bioelectronics in two main types, i.e., bioelectronics integrated with synthesized nanomaterials and bioelectronics with nanoscale structures. The functional nanomaterials can be synthesized and assembled to compose bioelectronics, allowing easy customization of their functionality to meet specific requirements. The unique nanoscale structures implemented with the bioelectronics could maximize the performance in terms of sensing and stimulation. Such soft nanobioelectronics have demonstrated their applicability for neuronal recording and modulation over a long period at the intracellular level and incorporation of multiple functions, such as electrical, optical, and chemical sensing and stimulation functions.In this Account, we will discuss the technical pathways in soft bioelectronics integrated with nanomaterials and implementing nanostructures for application to neuroengineering. We traced the historical development of bioelectronics from rigid and bulky structures to soft and deformable devices to conform to neuroengineering requirements. Recent approaches that introduced nanotechnology into neural devices enhanced the spatiotemporal resolution and endowed various device functions. These soft nanobioelectronic technologies are discussed in two categories: bioelectronics with synthesized nanomaterials and bioelectronics with nanoscale structures. We describe nanomaterial-integrated soft bioelectronics exhibiting various functionalities and modalities depending on the integrated nanomaterials. Meanwhile, soft bioelectronics with nanoscale structures are explained with their superior resolution and unique administration methods. We also exemplified the neural sensing and stimulation applications of soft nanobioelectronics across various modalities, showcasing their clinical applications in the treatment of neurological diseases, such as brain tumors, epilepsy, and Parkinson's disease. Finally, we discussed the challenges and direction of next-generation technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minjeong Kim
- Center for Nanoparticle Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunjin Lee
- Center for Nanoparticle Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Seonghyeon Nam
- Center for Nanoparticle Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae-Hyeong Kim
- Center for Nanoparticle Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Gi Doo Cha
- Department of Systems Biotechnology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong-si, Gyeonggi-do 17546, Republic of Korea
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Wu Y, Temple BA, Sevilla N, Zhang J, Zhu H, Zolotavin P, Jin Y, Duarte D, Sanders E, Azim E, Nimmerjahn A, Pfaff SL, Luan L, Xie C. Ultraflexible electrodes for recording neural activity in the mouse spinal cord during motor behavior. Cell Rep 2024; 43:114199. [PMID: 38728138 PMCID: PMC11233142 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2024.114199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Revised: 03/10/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Implantable electrode arrays are powerful tools for directly interrogating neural circuitry in the brain, but implementing this technology in the spinal cord in behaving animals has been challenging due to the spinal cord's significant motion with respect to the vertebral column during behavior. Consequently, the individual and ensemble activity of spinal neurons processing motor commands remains poorly understood. Here, we demonstrate that custom ultraflexible 1-μm-thick polyimide nanoelectronic threads can conduct laminar recordings of many neuronal units within the lumbar spinal cord of unrestrained, freely moving mice. The extracellular action potentials have high signal-to-noise ratio, exhibit well-isolated feature clusters, and reveal diverse patterns of activity during locomotion. Furthermore, chronic recordings demonstrate the stable tracking of single units and their functional tuning over multiple days. This technology provides a path for elucidating how spinal circuits compute motor actions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Wu
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, USA; Rice Neuroengineering Initiative, Rice University, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Benjamin A Temple
- Gene Expression Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; Neurosciences Graduate Program, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Nicole Sevilla
- Rice Neuroengineering Initiative, Rice University, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Jiaao Zhang
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, USA; Rice Neuroengineering Initiative, Rice University, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Hanlin Zhu
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, USA; Rice Neuroengineering Initiative, Rice University, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Pavlo Zolotavin
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, USA; Rice Neuroengineering Initiative, Rice University, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Yifu Jin
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, USA; Rice Neuroengineering Initiative, Rice University, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Daniela Duarte
- Waitt Advanced Biophotonics Center, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Elischa Sanders
- Molecular Neurobiology Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Eiman Azim
- Molecular Neurobiology Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Axel Nimmerjahn
- Waitt Advanced Biophotonics Center, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Samuel L Pfaff
- Gene Expression Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
| | - Lan Luan
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, USA; Rice Neuroengineering Initiative, Rice University, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
| | - Chong Xie
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, USA; Rice Neuroengineering Initiative, Rice University, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
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Barros BJ, Cunha JPS. Neurophotonics: a comprehensive review, current challenges and future trends. Front Neurosci 2024; 18:1382341. [PMID: 38765670 PMCID: PMC11102054 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2024.1382341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024] Open
Abstract
The human brain, with its vast network of billions of neurons and trillions of synapses (connections) between diverse cell types, remains one of the greatest mysteries in science and medicine. Despite extensive research, an understanding of the underlying mechanisms that drive normal behaviors and response to disease states is still limited. Advancement in the Neuroscience field and development of therapeutics for related pathologies requires innovative technologies that can provide a dynamic and systematic understanding of the interactions between neurons and neural circuits. In this work, we provide an up-to-date overview of the evolution of neurophotonic approaches in the last 10 years through a multi-source, literature analysis. From an initial corpus of 243 papers retrieved from Scopus, PubMed and WoS databases, we have followed the PRISMA approach to select 56 papers in the area. Following a full-text evaluation of these 56 scientific articles, six main areas of applied research were identified and discussed: (1) Advanced optogenetics, (2) Multimodal neural interfaces, (3) Innovative therapeutics, (4) Imaging devices and probes, (5) Remote operations, and (6) Microfluidic platforms. For each area, the main technologies selected are discussed according to the photonic principles applied, the neuroscience application evaluated and the more indicative results of efficiency and scientific potential. This detailed analysis is followed by an outlook of the main challenges tackled over the last 10 years in the Neurophotonics field, as well as the main technological advances regarding specificity, light delivery, multimodality, imaging, materials and system designs. We conclude with a discussion of considerable challenges for future innovation and translation in Neurophotonics, from light delivery within the brain to physical constraints and data management strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Jacinto Barros
- INESC TEC – Institute for Systems and Computer Engineering, Technology and Science, Porto, Portugal
| | - João P. S. Cunha
- INESC TEC – Institute for Systems and Computer Engineering, Technology and Science, Porto, Portugal
- Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
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Choe JK, Kim S, Lee AY, Choi C, Cho JH, Jo W, Song MH, Cha C, Kim J. Flexible, Biodegradable, and Wireless Magnetoelectric Paper for Simple In Situ Personalization of Bioelectric Implants. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2311154. [PMID: 38174953 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202311154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Bioelectronic implants delivering electrical stimulation offer an attractive alternative to traditional pharmaceuticals in electrotherapy. However, achieving simple, rapid, and cost-effective personalization of these implants for customized treatment in unique clinical and physical scenarios presents a substantial challenge. This challenge is further compounded by the need to ensure safety and minimal invasiveness, requiring essential attributes such as flexibility, biocompatibility, lightness, biodegradability, and wireless stimulation capability. Here, a flexible, biodegradable bioelectronic paper with homogeneously distributed wireless stimulation functionality for simple personalization of bioelectronic implants is introduced. The bioelectronic paper synergistically combines i) lead-free magnetoelectric nanoparticles (MENs) that facilitate electrical stimulation in response to external magnetic field and ii) flexible and biodegradable nanofibers (NFs) that enable localization of MENs for high-selectivity stimulation, oxygen/nutrient permeation, cell orientation modulation, and biodegradation rate control. The effectiveness of wireless electrical stimulation in vitro through enhanced neuronal differentiation of neuron-like PC12 cells and the controllability of their microstructural orientation are shown. Also, scalability, design flexibility, and rapid customizability of the bioelectronic paper are shown by creating various 3D macrostructures using simple paper crafting techniques such as cutting and folding. This platform holds promise for simple and rapid personalization of temporary bioelectronic implants for minimally invasive wireless stimulation therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Kyu Choe
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Suntae Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Ah-Young Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Cholong Choi
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Hyeon Cho
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Wook Jo
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Myoung Hoon Song
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Chaenyung Cha
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiyun Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea
- Center for Multidimensional Programmable Matter, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea
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8
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Li L, Zhang B, Zhao W, Sheng D, Yin L, Sheng X, Yao D. Multimodal Technologies for Closed-Loop Neural Modulation and Sensing. Adv Healthc Mater 2024:e2303289. [PMID: 38640468 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202303289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Revised: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/21/2024]
Abstract
Existing methods for studying neural circuits and treating neurological disorders are typically based on physical and chemical cues to manipulate and record neural activities. These approaches often involve predefined, rigid, and unchangeable signal patterns, which cannot be adjusted in real time according to the patient's condition or neural activities. With the continuous development of neural interfaces, conducting in vivo research on adaptive and modifiable treatments for neurological diseases and neural circuits is now possible. In this review, current and potential integration of various modalities to achieve precise, closed-loop modulation, and sensing in neural systems are summarized. Advanced materials, devices, or systems that generate or detect electrical, magnetic, optical, acoustic, or chemical signals are highlighted and utilized to interact with neural cells, tissues, and networks for closed-loop interrogation. Further, the significance of developing closed-loop techniques for diagnostics and treatment of neurological disorders such as epilepsy, depression, rehabilitation of spinal cord injury patients, and exploration of brain neural circuit functionality is elaborated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lizhu Li
- Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study and the Center for Medical Genetics, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731, China
| | - Bozhen Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, The Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials of Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of New Ceramics and Fine Processing, Laboratory of Flexible Electronics Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Wenxin Zhao
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology, Institute for Precision Medicine, Laboratory of Flexible Electronics Technology, IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - David Sheng
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology, Institute for Precision Medicine, Laboratory of Flexible Electronics Technology, IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Lan Yin
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, The Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials of Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of New Ceramics and Fine Processing, Laboratory of Flexible Electronics Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Xing Sheng
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology, Institute for Precision Medicine, Laboratory of Flexible Electronics Technology, IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Dezhong Yao
- Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study and the Center for Medical Genetics, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731, China
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9
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Sacchi M, Sauter-Starace F, Mailley P, Texier I. Resorbable conductive materials for optimally interfacing medical devices with the living. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2024; 12:1294238. [PMID: 38449676 PMCID: PMC10916519 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2024.1294238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Implantable and wearable bioelectronic systems are arising growing interest in the medical field. Linking the microelectronic (electronic conductivity) and biological (ionic conductivity) worlds, the biocompatible conductive materials at the electrode/tissue interface are key components in these systems. We herein focus more particularly on resorbable bioelectronic systems, which can safely degrade in the biological environment once they have completed their purpose, namely, stimulating or sensing biological activity in the tissues. Resorbable conductive materials are also explored in the fields of tissue engineering and 3D cell culture. After a short description of polymer-based substrates and scaffolds, and resorbable electrical conductors, we review how they can be combined to design resorbable conductive materials. Although these materials are still emerging, various medical and biomedical applications are already taking shape that can profoundly modify post-operative and wound healing follow-up. Future challenges and perspectives in the field are proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Sacchi
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CEA, LETI-DTIS (Département des Technologies pour l’Innovation en Santé), Grenoble, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, JACOB-SEPIA, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Fabien Sauter-Starace
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CEA, LETI-DTIS (Département des Technologies pour l’Innovation en Santé), Grenoble, France
| | - Pascal Mailley
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CEA, LETI-DTIS (Département des Technologies pour l’Innovation en Santé), Grenoble, France
| | - Isabelle Texier
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CEA, LETI-DTIS (Département des Technologies pour l’Innovation en Santé), Grenoble, France
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10
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Mueller NN, Kim Y, Ocoko MYM, Dernelle P, Kale I, Patwa S, Hermoso AC, Chirra D, Capadona JR, Hess-Dunning A. Effects of Micromachining on Anti-oxidant Elution from a Mechanically-Adaptive Polymer. JOURNAL OF MICROMECHANICS AND MICROENGINEERING : STRUCTURES, DEVICES, AND SYSTEMS 2024; 34:10.1088/1361-6439/ad27f7. [PMID: 38586082 PMCID: PMC10996452 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6439/ad27f7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
Intracortical microelectrodes (IMEs) can be used to restore motor and sensory function as a part of brain-computer interfaces in individuals with neuromusculoskeletal disorders. However, the neuroinflammatory response to IMEs can result in their premature failure, leading to reduced therapeutic efficacy. Mechanically-adaptive, resveratrol-eluting (MARE) neural probes target two mechanisms believed to contribute to the neuroinflammatory response by reducing the mechanical mismatch between the brain tissue and device, as well as locally delivering an antioxidant therapeutic. To create the mechanically-adaptive substrate, a dispersion, casting, and evaporation method is used, followed by a microfabrication process to integrate functional recording electrodes on the material. Resveratrol release experiments were completed to generate a resveratrol release profile and demonstrated that the MARE probes are capable of long-term controlled release. Additionally, our results showed that resveratrol can be degraded by laser-micromachining, an important consideration for future device fabrication. Finally, the electrodes were shown to have a suitable impedance for single-unit neural recording and could record single units in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie N Mueller
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Advanced Platform Technology Center, Louis Stokes Cleveland VA Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Youjoung Kim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Advanced Platform Technology Center, Louis Stokes Cleveland VA Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Mali Ya Mungu Ocoko
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Advanced Platform Technology Center, Louis Stokes Cleveland VA Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Peter Dernelle
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Advanced Platform Technology Center, Louis Stokes Cleveland VA Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Ishani Kale
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Advanced Platform Technology Center, Louis Stokes Cleveland VA Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Simran Patwa
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Advanced Platform Technology Center, Louis Stokes Cleveland VA Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Anna Clarissa Hermoso
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Advanced Platform Technology Center, Louis Stokes Cleveland VA Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Deeksha Chirra
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Advanced Platform Technology Center, Louis Stokes Cleveland VA Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Jeffrey R Capadona
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Advanced Platform Technology Center, Louis Stokes Cleveland VA Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Allison Hess-Dunning
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Advanced Platform Technology Center, Louis Stokes Cleveland VA Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA
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11
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Pimenta S, Freitas JR, Correia JH. Flexible neural probes: a review of the current advantages, drawbacks, and future demands. J Zhejiang Univ Sci B 2024; 25:153-167. [PMID: 38303498 PMCID: PMC10835206 DOI: 10.1631/jzus.b2300337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
Brain diseases affect millions of people and have a huge social and economic impact. The use of neural probes for studies in animals has been the main approach to increasing knowledge about neural network functioning. Ultimately, neuroscientists are trying to develop new and more effective therapeutic approaches to treating neurological disorders. The implementation of neural probes with multifunctionalities (electrical, optical, and fluidic interactions) has been increasing in the last few years, leading to the creation of devices with high temporal and spatial resolution. Increasing the applicability of, and elements integrated into, neural probes has also led to the necessity to create flexible interfaces, reducing neural tissue damage during probe implantation and increasing the quality of neural acquisition data. In this paper, we review the fabrication, characterization, and validation of several types of flexible neural probes, exploring the main advantages and drawbacks of these devices. Finally, future developments and applications are covered. Overall, this review aims to present the currently available flexible devices and future appropriate avenues for development as possible guidance for future engineered devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Pimenta
- CMEMS-UMinho, University of Minho, Guimares 4800-058, Portugal.
- LABBELS-Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimares, Portugal.
| | - Joo R Freitas
- CMEMS-UMinho, University of Minho, Guimares 4800-058, Portugal
| | - Jos H Correia
- CMEMS-UMinho, University of Minho, Guimares 4800-058, Portugal
- LABBELS-Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimares, Portugal
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12
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Zhang P, Zhu B, Du P, Travas-Sejdic J. Electrochemical and Electrical Biosensors for Wearable and Implantable Electronics Based on Conducting Polymers and Carbon-Based Materials. Chem Rev 2024; 124:722-767. [PMID: 38157565 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Bioelectronic devices are designed to translate biological information into electrical signals and vice versa, thereby bridging the gap between the living biological world and electronic systems. Among different types of bioelectronics devices, wearable and implantable biosensors are particularly important as they offer access to the physiological and biochemical activities of tissues and organs, which is significant in diagnosing and researching various medical conditions. Organic conducting and semiconducting materials, including conducting polymers (CPs) and graphene and carbon nanotubes (CNTs), are some of the most promising candidates for wearable and implantable biosensors. Their unique electrical, electrochemical, and mechanical properties bring new possibilities to bioelectronics that could not be realized by utilizing metals- or silicon-based analogues. The use of organic- and carbon-based conductors in the development of wearable and implantable biosensors has emerged as a rapidly growing research field, with remarkable progress being made in recent years. The use of such materials addresses the issue of mismatched properties between biological tissues and electronic devices, as well as the improvement in the accuracy and fidelity of the transferred information. In this review, we highlight the most recent advances in this field and provide insights into organic and carbon-based (semi)conducting materials' properties and relate these to their applications in wearable/implantable biosensors. We also provide a perspective on the promising potential and exciting future developments of wearable/implantable biosensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peikai Zhang
- Centre for Innovative Materials for Health, School of Chemical Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand
- MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington 6012, New Zealand
- Auckland Bioengineering Institute, The University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand
| | - Bicheng Zhu
- Centre for Innovative Materials for Health, School of Chemical Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand
- MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington 6012, New Zealand
| | - Peng Du
- Auckland Bioengineering Institute, The University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand
| | - Jadranka Travas-Sejdic
- Centre for Innovative Materials for Health, School of Chemical Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand
- MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington 6012, New Zealand
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13
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Zhang L, Du W, Kim JH, Yu CC, Dagdeviren C. An Emerging Era: Conformable Ultrasound Electronics. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2307664. [PMID: 37792426 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202307664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Abstract
Conformable electronics are regarded as the next generation of personal healthcare monitoring and remote diagnosis devices. In recent years, piezoelectric-based conformable ultrasound electronics (cUSE) have been intensively studied due to their unique capabilities, including nonradiative monitoring, soft tissue imaging, deep signal decoding, wireless power transfer, portability, and compatibility. This review provides a comprehensive understanding of cUSE for use in biomedical and healthcare monitoring systems and a summary of their recent advancements. Following an introduction to the fundamentals of piezoelectrics and ultrasound transducers, the critical parameters for transducer design are discussed. Next, five types of cUSE with their advantages and limitations are highlighted, and the fabrication of cUSE using advanced technologies is discussed. In addition, the working function, acoustic performance, and accomplishments in various applications are thoroughly summarized. It is noted that application considerations must be given to the tradeoffs between material selection, manufacturing processes, acoustic performance, mechanical integrity, and the entire integrated system. Finally, current challenges and directions for the development of cUSE are highlighted, and research flow is provided as the roadmap for future research. In conclusion, these advances in the fields of piezoelectric materials, ultrasound transducers, and conformable electronics spark an emerging era of biomedicine and personal healthcare.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Zhang
- Media Lab, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Wenya Du
- Media Lab, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Jin-Hoon Kim
- Media Lab, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Chia-Chen Yu
- Media Lab, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Canan Dagdeviren
- Media Lab, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
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14
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Liu S, Wang Y, Zhao Y, Liu L, Sun S, Zhang S, Liu H, Liu S, Li Y, Yang F, Jiao M, Sun X, Zhang Y, Liu R, Mu X, Wang H, Zhang S, Yang J, Xie X, Duan X, Zhang J, Hong G, Zhang XD, Ming D. A Nanozyme-Based Electrode for High-Performance Neural Recording. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2304297. [PMID: 37882151 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202304297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Revised: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
Implanted neural electrodes have been widely used to treat brain diseases that require high sensitivity and biocompatibility at the tissue-electrode interface. However, currently used clinical electrodes cannot meet both these requirements simultaneously, which hinders the effective recording of electronic signals. Herein, nanozyme-based neural electrodes incorporating bioinspired atomically precise clusters are developed as a general strategy with a heterogeneous design for multiscale and ultrasensitive neural recording via quantum transport and biocatalytic processes. Owing to the dual high-speed electronic and ionic currents at the electrode-tissue interface, the impedance of nanozyme electrodes is 26 times lower than that of state-of-the-art metal electrodes, and the acquisition sensitivity for the local field potential is ≈10 times higher than that of clinical PtIr electrodes, enabling a signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of up to 14.7 dB for single-neuron recordings in rats. The electrodes provide more than 100-fold higher antioxidant and multi-enzyme-like activities, which effectively decrease 67% of the neuronal injury area by inhibiting glial proliferation and allowing sensitive and stable neural recording. Moreover, nanozyme electrodes can considerably improve the SNR of seizures in acute epileptic rats and are expected to achieve precise localization of seizure foci in clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuangjie Liu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Brain Science and Neural Engineering, Academy of Medical Engineering and Translational Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Yang Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Brain Science and Neural Engineering, Academy of Medical Engineering and Translational Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Yue Zhao
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Brain Science and Neural Engineering, Academy of Medical Engineering and Translational Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Ling Liu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Brain Science and Neural Engineering, Academy of Medical Engineering and Translational Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Si Sun
- Department of Physics and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Low Dimensional Materials Physics and Preparing Technology, School of Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300354, China
| | - Shaofang Zhang
- Department of Physics and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Low Dimensional Materials Physics and Preparing Technology, School of Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300354, China
| | - Haile Liu
- Department of Physics and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Low Dimensional Materials Physics and Preparing Technology, School of Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300354, China
| | - Shuhu Liu
- Beijing Synchrotron Radiation Facility (BSRF), Institute of High Energy Physics (IHEP), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yonghui Li
- Department of Physics and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Low Dimensional Materials Physics and Preparing Technology, School of Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300354, China
| | - Fan Yang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California, 94305, USA
| | - Menglu Jiao
- Department of Physics and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Low Dimensional Materials Physics and Preparing Technology, School of Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300354, China
| | - Xinyu Sun
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Brain Science and Neural Engineering, Academy of Medical Engineering and Translational Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Yuqin Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Brain Science and Neural Engineering, Academy of Medical Engineering and Translational Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Renpeng Liu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Brain Science and Neural Engineering, Academy of Medical Engineering and Translational Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Xiaoyu Mu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Brain Science and Neural Engineering, Academy of Medical Engineering and Translational Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Hao Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Brain Science and Neural Engineering, Academy of Medical Engineering and Translational Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Shu Zhang
- Tianjin Neurological Institute, Department of Neurosurgery, General Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300041, China
| | - Jiang Yang
- School of Electronics and Information Technology and Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Xi Xie
- School of Electronics and Information Technology and Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Xiaojie Duan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Jianning Zhang
- Tianjin Neurological Institute, Department of Neurosurgery, General Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300041, China
| | - Guosong Hong
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California, 94305, USA
| | - Xiao-Dong Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Brain Science and Neural Engineering, Academy of Medical Engineering and Translational Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
- Department of Physics and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Low Dimensional Materials Physics and Preparing Technology, School of Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300354, China
| | - Dong Ming
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Brain Science and Neural Engineering, Academy of Medical Engineering and Translational Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
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15
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Mousavi H, Dauly G, Dieuset G, El Merhie A, Ismailova E, Wendling F, Al Harrach M. Tuning Microelectrodes' Impedance to Improve Fast Ripples Recording. Bioengineering (Basel) 2024; 11:102. [PMID: 38275582 PMCID: PMC11154299 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering11010102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Epilepsy is a chronic neurological disorder characterized by recurrent seizures resulting from abnormal neuronal hyperexcitability. In the case of pharmacoresistant epilepsy requiring resection surgery, the identification of the Epileptogenic Zone (EZ) is critical. Fast Ripples (FRs; 200-600 Hz) are one of the promising biomarkers that can aid in EZ delineation. However, recording FRs requires physically small electrodes. These microelectrodes suffer from high impedance, which significantly impacts FRs' observability and detection. In this study, we investigated the potential of a conductive polymer coating to enhance FR observability. We employed biophysical modeling to compare two types of microelectrodes: Gold (Au) and Au coated with the conductive polymer poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)-poly(styrene sulfonate) (Au/PEDOT:PSS). These electrodes were then implanted into the CA1 hippocampal neural network of epileptic mice to record FRs during epileptogenesis. The results showed that the polymer-coated electrodes had a two-order lower impedance as well as a higher transfer function amplitude and cut-off frequency. Consequently, FRs recorded with the PEDOT:PSS-coated microelectrode yielded significantly higher signal energy compared to the uncoated one. The PEDOT:PSS coating improved the observability of the recorded FRs and thus their detection. This work paves the way for the development of signal-specific microelectrode designs that allow for better targeting of pathological biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hajar Mousavi
- Bioelectronics Department, Ecoles des Mines de Saint Etienne, CMP-EMSE, MOC, 13541 Gardanne, France; (H.M.); (A.E.M.); (E.I.)
| | - Gautier Dauly
- INSERM, LTSI-U1099, University of Rennes, 35000 Rennes, France; (G.D.); (G.D.); (F.W.)
| | - Gabriel Dieuset
- INSERM, LTSI-U1099, University of Rennes, 35000 Rennes, France; (G.D.); (G.D.); (F.W.)
| | - Amira El Merhie
- Bioelectronics Department, Ecoles des Mines de Saint Etienne, CMP-EMSE, MOC, 13541 Gardanne, France; (H.M.); (A.E.M.); (E.I.)
- Laboratoire Matière et Systèmes Complexes, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR 7057, 10 Rue Alice Domon et Léonie Duquet, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Esma Ismailova
- Bioelectronics Department, Ecoles des Mines de Saint Etienne, CMP-EMSE, MOC, 13541 Gardanne, France; (H.M.); (A.E.M.); (E.I.)
| | - Fabrice Wendling
- INSERM, LTSI-U1099, University of Rennes, 35000 Rennes, France; (G.D.); (G.D.); (F.W.)
| | - Mariam Al Harrach
- INSERM, LTSI-U1099, University of Rennes, 35000 Rennes, France; (G.D.); (G.D.); (F.W.)
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16
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Alahi MEE, Rizu MI, Tina FW, Huang Z, Nag A, Afsarimanesh N. Recent Advancements in Graphene-Based Implantable Electrodes for Neural Recording/Stimulation. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 23:9911. [PMID: 38139756 PMCID: PMC10747868 DOI: 10.3390/s23249911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
Implantable electrodes represent a groundbreaking advancement in nervous system research, providing a pivotal tool for recording and stimulating human neural activity. This capability is integral for unraveling the intricacies of the nervous system's functionality and for devising innovative treatments for various neurological disorders. Implantable electrodes offer distinct advantages compared to conventional recording and stimulating neural activity methods. They deliver heightened precision, fewer associated side effects, and the ability to gather data from diverse neural sources. Crucially, the development of implantable electrodes necessitates key attributes: flexibility, stability, and high resolution. Graphene emerges as a highly promising material for fabricating such electrodes due to its exceptional properties. It boasts remarkable flexibility, ensuring seamless integration with the complex and contoured surfaces of neural tissues. Additionally, graphene exhibits low electrical resistance, enabling efficient transmission of neural signals. Its transparency further extends its utility, facilitating compatibility with various imaging techniques and optogenetics. This paper showcases noteworthy endeavors in utilizing graphene in its pure form and as composites to create and deploy implantable devices tailored for neural recordings and stimulations. It underscores the potential for significant advancements in this field. Furthermore, this paper delves into prospective avenues for refining existing graphene-based electrodes, enhancing their suitability for neural recording applications in in vitro and in vivo settings. These future steps promise to revolutionize further our capacity to understand and interact with the neural research landscape.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Eshrat E. Alahi
- School of Engineering and Technology, Walailak University, 222 Thaiburi, Thasala District, Nakhon Si Thammarat 80160, Thailand
| | - Mubdiul Islam Rizu
- Microsystems Nanotechnologies for Chemical Analysis (MINOS), Universitat Rovira I Virgili, Avinguda Països Catalans, 26—Campus Sescelades, 43007 Tarragona, Spain;
| | - Fahmida Wazed Tina
- Creative Innovation in Science and Technology Program, Faculty of Science and Technology, Nakhon Si Thammarat Rajabhat University, Nakhon Si Thammarat 80280, Thailand;
| | - Zhaoling Huang
- School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin 541004, China;
| | - Anindya Nag
- Faculty of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany;
- Centre for Tactile Internet with Human-in-the-Loop (CeTI), Technische Universität Dresden, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Nasrin Afsarimanesh
- School of Civil and Mechanical Engineering, Curtin University, Perth, WA 6102, Australia;
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17
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Goestenkors AP, Liu T, Okafor SS, Semar BA, Alvarez RM, Montgomery SK, Friedman L, Rutz AL. Manipulation of cross-linking in PEDOT:PSS hydrogels for biointerfacing. J Mater Chem B 2023; 11:11357-11371. [PMID: 37997395 DOI: 10.1039/d3tb01415k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
Conducting hydrogels can be used to fabricate bioelectronic devices that are soft for improved cell- and tissue-interfacing. Those based on conjugated polymers, such as poly(3,4-ethylene-dioxythiophene):polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT:PSS), can be made simply with solution-based processing techniques, yet the influence of fabrication variables on final gel properties is not fully understood. In this study, we investigated if PEDOT:PSS cross-linking could be manipulated by changing the concentration of a gelling agent, ionic liquid, in the hydrogel precursor mixture. Rheology and gelation kinetics of precursor mixtures were investigated, and aqueous stability, swelling, conductivity, stiffness, and cytocompatibility of formed hydrogels were characterized. Increasing ionic liquid concentration was found to increase cross-linking as measured by decreased swelling, decreased non-network fraction, increased stiffness, and increased conductivity. Such manipulation of IL concentration thus afforded control of final gel properties and was utilized in further investigations of biointerfacing. When cross-linked sufficiently, PEDOT:PSS hydrogels were stable in sterile cell culture conditions for at least 28 days. Additionally, hydrogels supported a viable and proliferating population of human dermal fibroblasts for at least two weeks. Collectively, these characterizations of stability and cytocompatibility illustrate that these PEDOT:PSS hydrogels have significant promise for biointerfacing applications that require soft materials for direct interaction with cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna P Goestenkors
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, 1 Brookings Dr, St. Louis, MO, USA.
| | - Tianran Liu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, 1 Brookings Dr, St. Louis, MO, USA.
| | - Somtochukwu S Okafor
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, 1 Brookings Dr, St. Louis, MO, USA.
| | - Barbara A Semar
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Washington University in St. Louis, 1 Brookings Dr, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Riley M Alvarez
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, 1 Brookings Dr, St. Louis, MO, USA.
| | - Sandra K Montgomery
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, 1 Brookings Dr, St. Louis, MO, USA.
| | - Lianna Friedman
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, 1 Brookings Dr, St. Louis, MO, USA.
| | - Alexandra L Rutz
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, 1 Brookings Dr, St. Louis, MO, USA.
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18
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Carmina D, Benfenati V, Simonelli C, Rotolo A, Cardano P, Grovale N, Mangoni di S Stefano L, de Santo T, Zamboni R, Palermo V, Muccini M, De Seta F. Innovative solutions for disease management. Bioelectron Med 2023; 9:28. [PMID: 38053220 DOI: 10.1186/s42234-023-00131-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The increasing prevalence of chronic diseases is a driver for emerging big data technologies for healthcare including digital platforms for data collection, systems for active patient engagement and education, therapy specific predictive models, optimized patient pathway models. Powerful bioelectronic medicine tools for data collection, analysis and visualization allow for joint processing of large volumes of heterogeneous data, which in turn can produce new insights about patient outcomes and alternative interpretations of clinical patterns that can lead to implementation of optimized clinical decisions and clinical patient pathway by healthcare professionals.With this perspective, we identify innovative solutions for disease management and evaluate their impact on patients, payers and society, by analyzing their impact in terms of clinical outcomes (effectiveness, safety, and quality of life) and economic outcomes (cost-effectiveness, savings, and productivity).As a result, we propose a new approach based on the main pillars of innovation in the disease management area, i.e. progressive patient care models, patient-centric approaches, bioelectronics for precise medicine, and lean management that, combined with an increase in appropriate private-public-citizen-partnership, leads towards Patient-Centric Healthcare.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dafni Carmina
- Medtronic Clinical & Regulatory Solutions - Study & Scientific Solutions, Via Aurelia 866, Roma, 00165, Italy.
| | - Valentina Benfenati
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto per la Sintesi Organica e Fotoreattività, via Gobetti 101, Bologna, 40129, Italy.
| | - Claudia Simonelli
- Medtronic Clinical & Regulatory Solutions - Study & Scientific Solutions, Via Aurelia 866, Roma, 00165, Italy
| | - Alessia Rotolo
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto per lo Studio dei Materiali Nanostrutturati, via Gobetti 101, Bologna, 40129, Italy
| | - Paola Cardano
- Medtronic Clinical & Regulatory Solutions - Study & Scientific Solutions, Via Aurelia 866, Roma, 00165, Italy
| | - Nicoletta Grovale
- Medtronic Clinical & Regulatory Solutions - Study & Scientific Solutions, Via Aurelia 866, Roma, 00165, Italy
| | | | - Tiziana de Santo
- Medtronic Clinical & Regulatory Solutions - Study & Scientific Solutions, Via Aurelia 866, Roma, 00165, Italy
| | - Roberto Zamboni
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto per la Sintesi Organica e Fotoreattività, via Gobetti 101, Bologna, 40129, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Palermo
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto per la Sintesi Organica e Fotoreattività, via Gobetti 101, Bologna, 40129, Italy
| | - Michele Muccini
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto per lo Studio dei Materiali Nanostrutturati, via Gobetti 101, Bologna, 40129, Italy
- Mister Smart Innovation S, via Gobetti 101, Bologna, 40129, Italy
| | - Francesco De Seta
- Medtronic Clinical & Regulatory Solutions - Study & Scientific Solutions, Via Aurelia 866, Roma, 00165, Italy
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19
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Zhu Y, Yang Y, Ni G, Li S, Liu W, Gao Z, Zhang X, Zhang Q, Wang C, Zhou J. On-demand electrically controlled melatonin release from PEDOT/SNP composite improves quality of chronic neural recording. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1284927. [PMID: 38033812 PMCID: PMC10684936 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1284927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Long-time and high-quality signal acquisition performance from implantable electrodes is the key to establish stable and efficient brain-computer interface (BCI) connections. The chronic performance of implantable electrodes is hindered by the inflammatory response of brain tissue. In order to solve the material limitation of biological interface electrodes, we designed sulfonated silica nanoparticles (SNPs) as the dopant of Poly (3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) to modify the implantable electrodes. In this work, melatonin (MT) loaded SNPs were incorporated in PEDOT via electrochemical deposition on nickel-chromium (Ni-Cr) alloy electrode and carbon nanotube (CNT) fiber electrodes, without affecting the acute neural signal recording capacity. After coating with PEDOT/SNP-MT, the charge storage capacity of both electrodes was significantly increased, and the electrochemical impedance at 1 kHz of the Ni-Cr alloy electrodes was significantly reduced, while that of the CNT electrodes was significantly increased. In addition, this study inspected the effect of electrically triggered MT release every other day on the quality and longevity of neural recording from implanted neural electrodes in rat hippocampus for 1 month. Both MT modified Ni-Cr alloy electrodes and CNT electrodes showed significantly higher spike amplitude after 26-day recording. Significantly, the histological studies showed that the number of astrocytes around the implanted Ni-Cr alloy electrodes was significantly reduced after MT release. These results demonstrate the potent outcome of PEDOT/SNP-MT treatment in improving the chronic neural recording quality possibly through its anti-inflammatory property.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Changyong Wang
- Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jin Zhou
- Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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20
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Ergen PH, Shorter S, Ntziachristos V, Ovsepian SV. Neurotoxin-Derived Optical Probes for Biological and Medical Imaging. Mol Imaging Biol 2023; 25:799-814. [PMID: 37468801 PMCID: PMC10598172 DOI: 10.1007/s11307-023-01838-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Revised: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023]
Abstract
The superb specificity and potency of biological toxins targeting various ion channels and receptors are of major interest for the delivery of therapeutics to distinct cell types and subcellular compartments. Fused with reporter proteins or labelled with fluorophores and nanocomposites, animal toxins and their detoxified variants also offer expanding opportunities for visualisation of a range of molecular processes and functions in preclinical models, as well as clinical studies. This article presents state-of-the-art optical probes derived from neurotoxins targeting ion channels, with discussions of their applications in basic and translational biomedical research. It describes the design and production of probes and reviews their applications with advantages and limitations, with prospects for future improvements. Given the advances in imaging tools and expanding research areas benefiting from the use of optical probes, described here resources should assist the discovery process and facilitate high-precision interrogation and therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pinar Helin Ergen
- Faculty of Engineering and Science, University of Greenwich London, Chatham Maritime, Kent, ME4 4TB, United Kingdom
| | - Susan Shorter
- Faculty of Engineering and Science, University of Greenwich London, Chatham Maritime, Kent, ME4 4TB, United Kingdom
| | - Vasilis Ntziachristos
- Chair of Biological Imaging at the Central Institute for Translational Cancer Research (TranslaTUM), School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, 81675, Munich, Germany
- Institute of Biological and Medical Imaging, Helmholtz Zentrum München (GmbH), 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
- Munich Institute of Robotics and Machine Intelligence (MIRMI), Technical University of Munich, 80992, Munich, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| | - Saak Victor Ovsepian
- Faculty of Engineering and Science, University of Greenwich London, Chatham Maritime, Kent, ME4 4TB, United Kingdom.
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21
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Zhang Z, Zhu Z, Zhou P, Zou Y, Yang J, Haick H, Wang Y. Soft Bioelectronics for Therapeutics. ACS NANO 2023; 17:17634-17667. [PMID: 37677154 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c02513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/09/2023]
Abstract
Soft bioelectronics play an increasingly crucial role in high-precision therapeutics due to their softness, biocompatibility, clinical accuracy, long-term stability, and patient-friendliness. In this review, we provide a comprehensive overview of the latest representative therapeutic applications of advanced soft bioelectronics, ranging from wearable therapeutics for skin wounds, diabetes, ophthalmic diseases, muscle disorders, and other diseases to implantable therapeutics against complex diseases, such as cardiac arrhythmias, cancer, neurological diseases, and others. We also highlight key challenges and opportunities for future clinical translation and commercialization of soft therapeutic bioelectronics toward personalized medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zongman Zhang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Guangdong Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, 241 Daxue Road, Shantou, Guangdong 515063, China
- The Wolfson Department of Chemical Engineering, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel
| | - Zhongtai Zhu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Guangdong Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, 241 Daxue Road, Shantou, Guangdong 515063, China
| | - Pengcheng Zhou
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Guangdong Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, 241 Daxue Road, Shantou, Guangdong 515063, China
- The Wolfson Department of Chemical Engineering, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel
| | - Yunfan Zou
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Guangdong Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, 241 Daxue Road, Shantou, Guangdong 515063, China
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
| | - Jiawei Yang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Guangdong Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, 241 Daxue Road, Shantou, Guangdong 515063, China
- The Wolfson Department of Chemical Engineering, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel
| | - Hossam Haick
- The Wolfson Department of Chemical Engineering, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Guangdong Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, 241 Daxue Road, Shantou, Guangdong 515063, China
- The Wolfson Department of Chemical Engineering, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Materials and Technologies for Energy Conversion, Guangdong Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, 241 Daxue Road, Shantou, Guangdong 515063, China
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22
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Huang S, Villafranca SU, Mehta I, Yosfan O, Hong E, Wang A, Wu N, Wang Q, Rao S. A nanoscale inorganic coating strategy for stabilizing hydrogel neural probes in vivo. J Mater Chem B 2023; 11:7629-7640. [PMID: 37401386 PMCID: PMC10530439 DOI: 10.1039/d3tb00710c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/05/2023]
Abstract
Hydrogels with adaptable optical and mechanical characteristics show considerable promise for light delivery in vivo with neuroengineering applications. However, the unlinked amorphous polymer chains within hydrogels can cause volumetric swelling after water absorption under physiological conditions over time. Chemically cross-linked poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) hydrogels showcase fatigue-resistant attributes and promising biocompatibility for the manufacture of soft neural probes. However, possible swelling of the PVA hydrogel matrix could impact the structural stability of hydrogel-based bioelectronics and their long-term in vivo functionality. In this study, we utilized an atomic layer deposition (ALD) technique to generate an inorganic, silicon dioxide (SiO2) coating layer on chemically cross-linked PVA hydrogel fibers. To evaluate the stability of SiO2-coated PVA hydrogel fibers mimicking the in vivo environment, we conducted accelerated stability tests. SiO2-coated PVA hydrogel fibers showed improved stability over a one-week incubation period under a harsh environment, preventing swelling and preserving their mechanical and optical properties compared to uncoated fibers. These SiO2-coated PVA hydrogel fibers demonstrated nanoscale polymeric crystalline domains (6.5 ± 0.1 nm), an elastic modulus of 73.7 ± 31.7 MPa, a maximum elongation of 113.6 ± 24.2%, and minimal light transmission loss (1.9 ± 0.2 dB cm-1). Lastly, we applied these SiO2-coated PVA hydrogel fibers in vivo to optically activate the motor cortex of transgenic Thy1::ChR2 mice during locomotor behavioral tests. This mouse cohort was genetically modified to express the light-sensitive ion channel, channelrhodopsin-2 (ChR2), and implanted with hydrogel fibers to deliver light to the motor cortex area (M2). Light stimulation via hydrogel fibers resulted in optogenetically modulated mouse locomotor behaviors, including increased contralateral rotation, mobility speeds, and travel distances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sizhe Huang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA.
| | | | - Iyanah Mehta
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA.
| | - Omri Yosfan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA.
| | - Eunji Hong
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA.
| | - Anyang Wang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - Nianqiang Wu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - Qianbin Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA.
| | - Siyuan Rao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA.
- Institute for Applied Life Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
- Neuroscience and Behavior Graduate Program, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
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23
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Lyu X, Hu Y, Shi S, Wang S, Li H, Wang Y, Zhou K. Hydrogel Bioelectronics for Health Monitoring. BIOSENSORS 2023; 13:815. [PMID: 37622901 PMCID: PMC10452556 DOI: 10.3390/bios13080815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
Hydrogels are considered an ideal platform for personalized healthcare due to their unique characteristics, such as their outstanding softness, appealing biocompatibility, excellent mechanical properties, etc. Owing to the high similarity between hydrogels and biological tissues, hydrogels have emerged as a promising material candidate for next generation bioelectronic interfaces. In this review, we discuss (i) the introduction of hydrogel and its traditional applications, (ii) the work principles of hydrogel in bioelectronics, (iii) the recent advances in hydrogel bioelectronics for health monitoring, and (iv) the outlook for future hydrogel bioelectronics' development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyan Lyu
- School of Science and Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen 518172, China; (X.L.); (S.W.); (H.L.)
| | - Yan Hu
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710061, China; (Y.H.); (S.S.)
| | - Shuai Shi
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710061, China; (Y.H.); (S.S.)
| | - Siyuan Wang
- School of Science and Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen 518172, China; (X.L.); (S.W.); (H.L.)
| | - Haowen Li
- School of Science and Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen 518172, China; (X.L.); (S.W.); (H.L.)
| | - Yuheng Wang
- Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China;
| | - Kun Zhou
- School of Science and Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen 518172, China; (X.L.); (S.W.); (H.L.)
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710061, China; (Y.H.); (S.S.)
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24
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Li N, Li Y, Cheng Z, Liu Y, Dai Y, Kang S, Li S, Shan N, Wai S, Ziaja A, Wang Y, Strzalka J, Liu W, Zhang C, Gu X, Hubbell JA, Tian B, Wang S. Bioadhesive polymer semiconductors and transistors for intimate biointerfaces. Science 2023; 381:686-693. [PMID: 37561870 PMCID: PMC10768720 DOI: 10.1126/science.adg8758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023]
Abstract
The use of bioelectronic devices relies on direct contact with soft biotissues. For transistor-type bioelectronic devices, the semiconductors that need to have direct interfacing with biotissues for effective signal transduction do not adhere well with wet tissues, thereby limiting the stability and conformability at the interface. We report a bioadhesive polymer semiconductor through a double-network structure formed by a bioadhesive brush polymer and a redox-active semiconducting polymer. The resulting semiconducting film can form rapid and strong adhesion with wet tissue surfaces together with high charge-carrier mobility of ~1 square centimeter per volt per second, high stretchability, and good biocompatibility. Further fabrication of a fully bioadhesive transistor sensor enabled us to produce high-quality and stable electrophysiological recordings on an isolated rat heart and in vivo rat muscles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Li
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Yang Li
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Zhe Cheng
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Youdi Liu
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Yahao Dai
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Seounghun Kang
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Songsong Li
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Naisong Shan
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Shinya Wai
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Aidan Ziaja
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Yunfei Wang
- School of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, MS, 39406, USA
| | - Joseph Strzalka
- X-Ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL 60439, USA
| | - Wei Liu
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Cheng Zhang
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Xiaodan Gu
- School of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, MS, 39406, USA
| | - Jeffrey A. Hubbell
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
- Committee on Immunology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
- Committee on Cancer Biology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Bozhi Tian
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Sihong Wang
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
- Nanoscience and Technology Division and Center for Molecular Engineering, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL, 60439, USA
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25
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Zhang A, Loh KY, Kadur CS, Michalek L, Dou J, Ramakrishnan C, Bao Z, Deisseroth K. Genetically targeted chemical assembly of polymers specifically localized extracellularly to surface membranes of living neurons. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadi1870. [PMID: 37556541 PMCID: PMC10411876 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adi1870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023]
Abstract
Multicellular biological systems, particularly living neural networks, exhibit highly complex organization properties that pose difficulties for building cell-specific biocompatible interfaces. We previously developed an approach to genetically program cells to assemble structures that modify electrical properties of neurons in situ, opening up the possibility of building minimally invasive cell-specific structures and interfaces. However, the efficiency and biocompatibility of this approach were challenged by limited membrane targeting of the constructed materials. Here, we design a method for highly localized expression of enzymes targeted to the plasma membrane of primary neurons, with minimal intracellular retention. Next, we show that polymers synthesized in situ by this approach form dense extracellular clusters selectively on the targeted cell membrane and that neurons remain viable after polymerization. Last, we show generalizability of this method across a range of design strategies. This platform can be readily extended to incorporate a broad diversity of materials onto specific cell membranes within tissues and may further enable next-generation biological interfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anqi Zhang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Kang Yong Loh
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford Chemistry, Engineering and Medicine for Human Health (ChEM-H), Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Chandan S. Kadur
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Lukas Michalek
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Jiayi Dou
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Charu Ramakrishnan
- CNC Program, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Zhenan Bao
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Karl Deisseroth
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- CNC Program, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
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26
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Wang H, Zhuang T, Wang J, Sun X, Wang Y, Li K, Dai X, Guo Q, Li X, Chong D, Chen B, Yan J. Multifunctional Filler-Free PEDOT:PSS Hydrogels with Ultrahigh Electrical Conductivity Induced by Lewis-Acid-Promoted Ion Exchange. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2302919. [PMID: 37352335 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202302919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/25/2023]
Abstract
Highly conductive hydrogels with biotissue-like mechanical properties are of great interest in the emerging field of hydrogel bioelectronics due to their good biocompatibility, deformability, and stability. Fully polymeric hydrogels may exhibit comparable Young's modulus to biotissues. However, most of these filler-free hydrogels have a low electrical conductivity of <10 S cm-1 , which limits their wide applications of them in digital circuits or bioelectronic devices. In this work, a series of metal-halides-doped poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrene sulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) hydrogels with an ultrahigh electrical conductivity up to 547 S cm-1 is reported, which is 1.5 times to 104 times higher than previously reported filler-free polymeric hydrogels. Theoretical calculation demonstrated that the ion exchange between PEDOT:PSS and the metal halides played an important role to promote phase separation in the hydrogels, which thus leads to ultrahigh electrical conductivity. The high electrical conductivity resulted in multifunctional hydrogels with high performance in thermoelectrics, electromagnetic shielding, Joule heating, and sensing. Such flexible and stretchable hydrogels with ultrahigh electrical conductivity and stability upon various deformations are promising for soft bioelectronics devices and wearable electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering & Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710054, China
- School of Energy and Power Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710054, China
- Shaanxi Jianeng Flexible Thermoelectric Technology, Inc.|Western China Science and Technology Innovation Port, Fengxi New City, Xixian New District, Xi'an, 710048, China
| | - Tiantian Zhuang
- State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering & Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710054, China
| | - Jing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering & Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710054, China
| | - Xu Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering & Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710054, China
| | - Yizhuo Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering & Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710054, China
| | - Kuncai Li
- State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering & Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710054, China
| | - Xu Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering & Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710054, China
| | - Qinyue Guo
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710054, China
| | - Xuhui Li
- State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering & Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710054, China
| | - Daotong Chong
- State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering & Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710054, China
- School of Energy and Power Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710054, China
| | - Bin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering & Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710054, China
- School of Energy and Power Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710054, China
| | - Junjie Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering & Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710054, China
- School of Energy and Power Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710054, China
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27
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Qian S, Lin HA, Pan Q, Zhang S, Zhang Y, Geng Z, Wu Q, He Y, Zhu B. Chemically revised conducting polymers with inflammation resistance for intimate bioelectronic electrocoupling. Bioact Mater 2023; 26:24-51. [PMID: 36875055 PMCID: PMC9975642 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2023.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Revised: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Conducting polymers offer attractive mixed ionic-electronic conductivity, tunable interfacial barrier with metal, tissue matchable softness, and versatile chemical functionalization, making them robust to bridge the gap between brain tissue and electronic circuits. This review focuses on chemically revised conducting polymers, combined with their superior and controllable electrochemical performance, to fabricate long-term bioelectronic implants, addressing chronic immune responses, weak neuron attraction, and long-term electrocommunication instability challenges. Moreover, the promising progress of zwitterionic conducting polymers in bioelectronic implants (≥4 weeks stable implantation) is highlighted, followed by a comment on their current evolution toward selective neural coupling and reimplantable function. Finally, a critical forward look at the future of zwitterionic conducting polymers for in vivo bioelectronic devices is provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sihao Qian
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China.,School of Materials Science and Engineering & Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Organ Repair, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Hsing-An Lin
- School of Materials Science and Engineering & Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Organ Repair, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Qichao Pan
- School of Materials Science and Engineering & Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Organ Repair, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Shuhua Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering & Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Organ Repair, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Yunhua Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering & Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Organ Repair, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Zhi Geng
- School of Materials Science and Engineering & Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Organ Repair, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Qing Wu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering & Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Organ Repair, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Yong He
- Innovation Center for Textile Science and Technology, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Bo Zhu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering & Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Organ Repair, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
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28
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Li Y, Li N, Liu W, Prominski A, Kang S, Dai Y, Liu Y, Hu H, Wai S, Dai S, Cheng Z, Su Q, Cheng P, Wei C, Jin L, Hubbell JA, Tian B, Wang S. Achieving tissue-level softness on stretchable electronics through a generalizable soft interlayer design. Nat Commun 2023; 14:4488. [PMID: 37495580 PMCID: PMC10372055 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-40191-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Soft and stretchable electronics have emerged as highly promising tools for biomedical diagnosis and biological studies, as they interface intimately with the human body and other biological systems. Most stretchable electronic materials and devices, however, still have Young's moduli orders of magnitude higher than soft bio-tissues, which limit their conformability and long-term biocompatibility. Here, we present a design strategy of soft interlayer for allowing the use of existing stretchable materials of relatively high moduli to versatilely realize stretchable devices with ultralow tissue-level moduli. We have demonstrated stretchable transistor arrays and active-matrix circuits with moduli below 10 kPa-over two orders of magnitude lower than the current state of the art. Benefiting from the increased conformability to irregular and dynamic surfaces, the ultrasoft device created with the soft interlayer design realizes electrophysiological recording on an isolated heart with high adaptability, spatial stability, and minimal influence on ventricle pressure. In vivo biocompatibility tests also demonstrate the benefit of suppressing foreign-body responses for long-term implantation. With its general applicability to diverse materials and devices, this soft-interlayer design overcomes the material-level limitation for imparting tissue-level softness to a variety of bioelectronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Li
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Nan Li
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Wei Liu
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | | | - Seounghun Kang
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Yahao Dai
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Youdi Liu
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Huawei Hu
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Shinya Wai
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Shilei Dai
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Zhe Cheng
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Qi Su
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Ping Cheng
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Chen Wei
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Lihua Jin
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Jeffrey A Hubbell
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Bozhi Tian
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Sihong Wang
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA.
- Nanoscience and Technology Division and Center for Molecular Engineering, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL, 60439, USA.
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Hjort M, Mousa AH, Bliman D, Shameem MA, Hellman K, Yadav AS, Ekström P, Ek F, Olsson R. In situ assembly of bioresorbable organic bioelectronics in the brain. Nat Commun 2023; 14:4453. [PMID: 37488105 PMCID: PMC10366153 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-40175-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Bioelectronics can potentially complement classical therapies in nonchronic treatments, such as immunotherapy and cancer. In addition to functionality, minimally invasive implantation methods and bioresorbable materials are central to nonchronic treatments. The latter avoids the need for surgical removal after disease relief. Self-organizing substrate-free organic electrodes meet these criteria and integrate seamlessly into dynamic biological systems in ways difficult for classical rigid solid-state electronics. Here we place bioresorbable electrodes with a brain-matched shear modulus-made from water-dispersed nanoparticles in the brain-in the targeted area using a capillary thinner than a human hair. Thereafter, we show that an optional auxiliary module grows dendrites from the installed conductive structure to seamlessly embed neurons and modify the electrode's volume properties. We demonstrate that these soft electrodes set off a controlled cellular response in the brain when relaying external stimuli and that the biocompatible materials show no tissue damage after bioresorption. These findings encourage further investigation of temporary organic bioelectronics for nonchronic treatments assembled in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Hjort
- Chemical Biology & Therapeutics, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, SE-221 84, Lund, Sweden
| | - Abdelrazek H Mousa
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, SE-405 30, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - David Bliman
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, SE-405 30, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Muhammad Anwar Shameem
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, SE-405 30, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Karin Hellman
- Chemical Biology & Therapeutics, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, SE-221 84, Lund, Sweden
| | - Amit Singh Yadav
- Chemical Biology & Therapeutics, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, SE-221 84, Lund, Sweden
| | - Peter Ekström
- Chemical Biology & Therapeutics, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, SE-221 84, Lund, Sweden
| | - Fredrik Ek
- Chemical Biology & Therapeutics, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, SE-221 84, Lund, Sweden
| | - Roger Olsson
- Chemical Biology & Therapeutics, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, SE-221 84, Lund, Sweden.
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, SE-405 30, Gothenburg, Sweden.
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Zhou T, Yuk H, Hu F, Wu J, Tian F, Roh H, Shen Z, Gu G, Xu J, Lu B, Zhao X. 3D printable high-performance conducting polymer hydrogel for all-hydrogel bioelectronic interfaces. NATURE MATERIALS 2023:10.1038/s41563-023-01569-2. [PMID: 37322141 DOI: 10.1038/s41563-023-01569-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 74.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Owing to the unique combination of electrical conductivity and tissue-like mechanical properties, conducting polymer hydrogels have emerged as a promising candidate for bioelectronic interfacing with biological systems. However, despite the recent advances, the development of hydrogels with both excellent electrical and mechanical properties in physiological environments is still challenging. Here we report a bi-continuous conducting polymer hydrogel that simultaneously achieves high electrical conductivity (over 11 S cm-1), stretchability (over 400%) and fracture toughness (over 3,300 J m-2) in physiological environments and is readily applicable to advanced fabrication methods including 3D printing. Enabled by these properties, we further demonstrate multi-material 3D printing of monolithic all-hydrogel bioelectronic interfaces for long-term electrophysiological recording and stimulation of various organs in rat models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Zhou
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics, Center for Neural Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Hyunwoo Yuk
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- SanaHeal, Inc, Cambridge, MA, USA.
| | - Faqi Hu
- Flexible Electronics Innovation Institute, Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics, Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University, Nanchang, China
| | - Jingjing Wu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Fajuan Tian
- Flexible Electronics Innovation Institute, Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics, Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University, Nanchang, China
| | - Heejung Roh
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Zequn Shen
- Robotics Institute, School of Mechanical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Mechanical System and Vibration, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Guoying Gu
- Robotics Institute, School of Mechanical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Mechanical System and Vibration, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jingkun Xu
- Flexible Electronics Innovation Institute, Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics, Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University, Nanchang, China
| | - Baoyang Lu
- Flexible Electronics Innovation Institute, Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics, Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University, Nanchang, China.
| | - Xuanhe Zhao
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.
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31
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Wang P, Wu EG, Uluşan H, Phillips A, Rose Hays M, Kling A, Zhao ET, Madugula S, Vilkhu RS, Vasireddy PK, Hier- lemann A, Hong G, Chichilnisky E, Melosh NA. Direct-print three-dimensional electrodes for large- scale, high-density, and customizable neural inter- faces. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.05.30.542925. [PMID: 37398164 PMCID: PMC10312573 DOI: 10.1101/2023.05.30.542925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
Silicon-based planar microelectronics is a powerful tool for scalably recording and modulating neural activity at high spatiotemporal resolution, but it remains challenging to target neural structures in three dimensions (3D). We present a method for directly fabricating 3D arrays of tissue-penetrating microelectrodes onto silicon microelectronics. Leveraging a high-resolution 3D printing technology based on 2-photon polymerization and scalable microfabrication processes, we fabricated arrays of 6,600 microelectrodes 10-130 μm tall and at 35-μm pitch onto a planar silicon-based microelectrode array. The process enables customizable electrode shape, height and positioning for precise targeting of neuron populations distributed in 3D. As a proof of concept, we addressed the challenge of specifically targeting retinal ganglion cell (RGC) somas when interfacing with the retina. The array was customized for insertion into the retina and recording from somas while avoiding the axon layer. We verified locations of the microelectrodes with confocal microscopy and recorded high-resolution spontaneous RGC activity at cellular resolution. This revealed strong somatic and dendritic components with little axon contribution, unlike recordings with planar microelectrode arrays. The technology could be a versatile solution for interfacing silicon microelectronics with neural structures and modulating neural activity at large scale with single-cell resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pingyu Wang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University
| | - Eric G. Wu
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford University
| | - Hasan Uluşan
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering in Basel, ETH Zürich
| | - A.J. Phillips
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford University
| | | | | | - Eric T. Zhao
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University
| | | | - Ramandeep S. Vilkhu
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford University
| | | | | | - Guosong Hong
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University
| | - E.J. Chichilnisky
- Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University
- Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory, Stanford University
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32
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Abstract
Advances in bioelectronic implants have been offering valuable chances to interface and modulate neural systems. Potential mismatches between bioelectronics and targeted neural tissues require devices to exhibit "tissue-like" properties for better implant-bio integration. In particular, mechanical mismatches pose a significant challenge. In the past years, efforts were made in both materials synthesis and device design to achieve bioelectronics mechanically and biochemically mimicking biological tissues. In this perspective, we mainly summarized recent progress of developing "tissue-like" bioelectronics and categorized them into different strategies. We also discussed how these "tissue-like" bioelectronics were utilized for modulating in vivo nervous systems and neural organoids. We concluded the perspective by proposing further directions including personalized bioelectronics, novel materials design and the involvement of artificial intelligence and robotic techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changxu Sun
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Zhe Cheng
- Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Jj Abu-Halimah
- Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Bozhi Tian
- Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
- The James Franck Institute, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
- The Institute for Biophysical Dynamics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
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33
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Nascimento ATD, Mendes AX, Begeng JM, Duchi S, Stoddart PR, Quigley AF, Kapsa RMI, Ibbotson MR, Silva SM, Moulton SE. A tissue-engineered neural interface with photothermal functionality. Biomater Sci 2023. [PMID: 37194340 DOI: 10.1039/d3bm00139c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Neural interfaces are well-established as a tool to understand the behaviour of the nervous system via recording and stimulation of living neurons, as well as serving as neural prostheses. Conventional neural interfaces based on metals and carbon-based materials are generally optimised for high conductivity; however, a mechanical mismatch between the interface and the neural environment can significantly reduce long-term neuromodulation efficacy by causing an inflammatory response. This paper presents a soft composite material made of gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA) containing graphene oxide (GO) conjugated with gold nanorods (AuNRs). The soft hydrogel presents stiffness within the neural environment range of modulus below 5 kPa, while the AuNRs, when exposed to light in the near infrared range, provide a photothermal response that can be used to improve the spatial and temporal precision of neuromodulation. These favourable properties can be maintained at safer optical power levels when combined with electrical stimulation. In this paper we provide mechanical and biological characterization of the optical activity of the GO-AuNR composite hydrogel. The optical functionality of the material has been evaluated via photothermal stimulation of explanted rat retinal tissue. The outcomes achieved with this study encourage further investigation into optical and electrical costimulation parameters for a range of biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Teixeira do Nascimento
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science, School of Science, Computing and Engineering Technologies, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, Victoria 3122, Australia
- The Aikenhead Centre for Medical Discovery, St Vincent's Hospital Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3065, Australia
| | - Alexandre Xavier Mendes
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science, School of Science, Computing and Engineering Technologies, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, Victoria 3122, Australia
- The Aikenhead Centre for Medical Discovery, St Vincent's Hospital Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3065, Australia
| | - James M Begeng
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science, School of Science, Computing and Engineering Technologies, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, Victoria 3122, Australia
- National Vision Research Institute, The Australian College of Optometry, Carlton, VIC 3058, Australia
| | - Serena Duchi
- The Aikenhead Centre for Medical Discovery, St Vincent's Hospital Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3065, Australia
- Department of Surgery, University of Melbourne, St Vincent's Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria 3065, Australia
| | - Paul R Stoddart
- School of Science, Computing and Engineering Technologies, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, Victoria 3122, Australia
| | - Anita F Quigley
- The Aikenhead Centre for Medical Discovery, St Vincent's Hospital Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3065, Australia
- School of Electrical and Biomedical Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria 3001, Australia
- Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, St Vincent's Hospital Melbourne, Victoria 3065, Australia
| | - Robert M I Kapsa
- The Aikenhead Centre for Medical Discovery, St Vincent's Hospital Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3065, Australia
- School of Electrical and Biomedical Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria 3001, Australia
- Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, St Vincent's Hospital Melbourne, Victoria 3065, Australia
| | - Michael R Ibbotson
- National Vision Research Institute, The Australian College of Optometry, Carlton, VIC 3058, Australia
- Department of Optometry and Vision Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Saimon M Silva
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science, School of Science, Computing and Engineering Technologies, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, Victoria 3122, Australia
- The Aikenhead Centre for Medical Discovery, St Vincent's Hospital Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3065, Australia
- Iverson Health Innovation Research Institute, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, Victoria 3122, Australia.
| | - Simon E Moulton
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science, School of Science, Computing and Engineering Technologies, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, Victoria 3122, Australia
- The Aikenhead Centre for Medical Discovery, St Vincent's Hospital Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3065, Australia
- Iverson Health Innovation Research Institute, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, Victoria 3122, Australia.
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34
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Zhang X, Liu B, Gao J, Lang Y, Lv X, Deng Z, Gui L, Liu J, Tang R, Li L. Liquid Metal-Based Electrode Array for Neural Signal Recording. Bioengineering (Basel) 2023; 10:bioengineering10050578. [PMID: 37237648 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering10050578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Neural electrodes are core devices for research in neuroscience, neurological diseases, and neural-machine interfacing. They build a bridge between the cerebral nervous system and electronic devices. Most of the neural electrodes in use are based on rigid materials that differ significantly from biological neural tissue in flexibility and tensile properties. In this study, a liquid-metal (LM) -based 20-channel neural electrode array with a platinum metal (Pt) encapsulation material was developed by microfabrication technology. The in vitro experiments demonstrated that the electrode has stable electrical properties and excellent mechanical properties such as flexibility and bending, which allows the electrode to form conformal contact with the skull. The in vivo experiments also recorded electroencephalographic signals using the LM-based electrode from a rat under low-flow or deep anesthesia, including the auditory-evoked potentials triggered by sound stimulation. The auditory-activated cortical area was analyzed using source localization technique. These results indicate that this 20-channel LM-based neural electrode array satisfies the demands of brain signal acquisition and provides high-quality-electroencephalogram (EEG) signals that support source localization analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xilong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Cryogenics, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Beijing 100190, China
- School of Future Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Bingxin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Cryogenics, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Beijing 100190, China
- School of Future Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jingru Gao
- Key Laboratory of Cryogenics, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Beijing 100190, China
- School of Advanced Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Yiran Lang
- School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Xiaodong Lv
- School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Zhongshan Deng
- Key Laboratory of Cryogenics, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Beijing 100190, China
- School of Future Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Lin Gui
- Key Laboratory of Cryogenics, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Beijing 100190, China
- School of Future Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jing Liu
- Key Laboratory of Cryogenics, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Beijing 100190, China
- School of Future Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Rongyu Tang
- The State Key Laboratory on Integrated Optoelectronics, Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Lei Li
- Key Laboratory of Cryogenics, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Beijing 100190, China
- School of Future Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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35
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Maity D, Guha Ray P, Buchmann P, Mansouri M, Fussenegger M. Blood-Glucose-Powered Metabolic Fuel Cell for Self-Sufficient Bioelectronics. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2300890. [PMID: 36893359 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202300890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Currently available bioelectronic devices consume too much power to be continuously operated on rechargeable batteries, and are often powered wirelessly, with attendant issues regarding reliability, convenience, and mobility. Thus, the availability of a robust, self-sufficient, implantable electrical power generator that works under physiological conditions would be transformative for many applications, from driving bioelectronic implants and prostheses to programing cellular behavior and patients' metabolism. Here, capitalizing on a new copper-containing, conductively tuned 3D carbon nanotube composite, an implantable blood-glucose-powered metabolic fuel cell is designed that continuously monitors blood-glucose levels, converts excess glucose into electrical power during hyperglycemia, and produces sufficient energy (0.7 mW cm-2 , 0.9 V, 50 mm glucose) to drive opto- and electro-genetic regulation of vesicular insulin release from engineered beta cells. It is shown that this integration of blood-glucose monitoring with elimination of excessive blood glucose by combined electro-metabolic conversion and insulin-release-mediated cellular consumption enables the metabolic fuel cell to restore blood-glucose homeostasis in an automatic, self-sufficient, and closed-loop manner in an experimental model of type-1 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debasis Maity
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zurich, Mattenstrasse 26, Basel, CH-4058, Switzerland
| | - Preetam Guha Ray
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zurich, Mattenstrasse 26, Basel, CH-4058, Switzerland
| | - Peter Buchmann
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zurich, Mattenstrasse 26, Basel, CH-4058, Switzerland
| | - Maysam Mansouri
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zurich, Mattenstrasse 26, Basel, CH-4058, Switzerland
| | - Martin Fussenegger
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zurich, Mattenstrasse 26, Basel, CH-4058, Switzerland
- Faculty of Science, University of Basel, Mattenstrasse 26, Basel, CH-4058, Switzerland
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36
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Yang S, Xu K, Guan S, Zou L, Gao L, Wang J, Tian H, Li H, Fang Y, Li H. Polymer nanofiber network reinforced gold electrode array for neural activity recording. Biomed Eng Lett 2023; 13:111-118. [PMID: 37124105 PMCID: PMC10130319 DOI: 10.1007/s13534-022-00257-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Revised: 11/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Flexible and stretchable neural electrodes are promising tools for high-fidelity interfacing with soft and curvilinear brain surface. Here, we describe a flexible and stretchable neural electrode array that consists of polyacrylonitrile (PAN) nanofiber network reinforced gold (Au) film electrodes. Under stretching, the interweaving PAN nanofibers effectively terminate the formation of propagating cracks in the Au films and thus enable the formation of a dynamically stable electrode-tissue interface. Moreover, the PAN nanofibers increase the surface roughness and active surface areas of the Au electrodes, leading to reduced electrochemical impedance and improved signal-to-noise ratio. As a result, PAN nanofiber network reinforced Au electrode arrays can allow for reliable in vivo multichannel recording of epileptiform activities in rats. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13534-022-00257-5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siting Yang
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049 China
| | - Ke Xu
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049 China
| | - Shouliang Guan
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190 China
| | - Liang Zou
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049 China
| | - Lei Gao
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049 China
| | - Jinfen Wang
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190 China
| | - Huihui Tian
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190 China
| | - Hui Li
- School of Physics and Microelectronics, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052 China
| | - Ying Fang
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049 China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Institute of Neuroscience, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031 China
| | - Hongbian Li
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190 China
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Lee JM, Lin D, Pyo YW, Kim HR, Park HG, Lieber CM. Stitching Flexible Electronics into the Brain. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023:e2300220. [PMID: 37127888 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202300220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Revised: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Understanding complex neuronal networks requires monitoring long-term neuronal activity in various regions of the brain. Significant progress has been made in multisite implantations of well-designed probes, such as multisite implantation of Si-based and polymer-based probes. However, these multiprobe strategies are limited by the sizes and weights of interfaces to the multiple probes and the inability to track the activity of the same neurons and changes in neuronal activity over longer time periods. Here, a long single flexible probe that can be implanted by stitching into multiple regions of the mouse brain and subsequently transmit chronically stable neuronal signals from the multiple sites via a single low-mass interface is reported. The probe at four different sites is implemented using a glass capillary needle or two sites using an ultrathin metal needle. In vitro tests in brain-mimicking hydrogel show that multisite probe implantations achieve a high connection yield of >86%. In vivo histological images at each site of probes, implanted by stitching using either glass capillary or ultrathin metal insertion needles exhibit seamless tissue-probe interfaces with negligible chronic immune response. In addition, electrophysiology studies demonstrate the ability to track single neuron activities at every injection site with chronic stability over at least one month. Notably, the measured spike amplitudes and signal-to-noise ratios at different implantation sites show no statistically significant differences. Multisite stitching implantation of flexible electronics in the brain opens up new opportunities for both fundamental neuroscience research and electrotherapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung Min Lee
- Department of Physics, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
| | - Dingchang Lin
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21218, USA
| | - Young-Woo Pyo
- Department of Physics, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Ha-Reem Kim
- Department of Physics, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Hong-Gyu Park
- Department of Physics, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Charles M Lieber
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
- Center for Brain Science, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
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Zhou M, Young BK, Valle ED, Koo B, Kim J, Weiland JD. Full-field, conformal epiretinal electrode array using hydrogel and polymer hybrid technology. Sci Rep 2023; 13:6973. [PMID: 37117214 PMCID: PMC10147691 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-32976-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 04/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Shape-morphable electrode arrays can form 3D surfaces to conform to complex neural anatomy and provide consistent positioning needed for next-generation neural interfaces. Retinal prostheses need a curved interface to match the spherical eye and a coverage of several cm to restore peripheral vision. We fabricated a full-field array that can (1) cover a visual field of 57° based on electrode position and of 113° based on the substrate size; (2) fold to form a compact shape for implantation; (3) self-deploy into a curvature fitting the eye after implantation. The full-field array consists of multiple polymer layers, specifically, a sandwich structure of elastomer/polyimide-based-electrode/elastomer, coated on one side with hydrogel. Electrodeposition of high-surface-area platinum/iridium alloy significantly improved the electrical properties of the electrodes. Hydrogel over-coating reduced electrode performance, but the electrodes retained better properties than those without platinum/iridium. The full-field array was rolled into a compact shape and, once implanted into ex vivo pig eyes, restored to a 3D curved surface. The full-field retinal array provides significant coverage of the retina while allowing surgical implantation through an incision 33% of the final device diameter. The shape-changing material platform can be used with other neural interfaces that require conformability to complex neuroanatomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muru Zhou
- Macromolecular Science and Engineering Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, 48105, USA
| | - Benjamin K Young
- Department of Ophthalmology, Oregon Health and Sciences University, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - Elena Della Valle
- Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, 48105, USA
| | - Beomseo Koo
- Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, 48105, USA
| | - Jinsang Kim
- Macromolecular Science and Engineering Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, 48105, USA
- Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, 48105, USA
- Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, 48105, USA
- Materials Science and Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, 48105, USA
- Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, 48105, USA
- Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, 48105, USA
| | - James D Weiland
- Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, 48105, USA.
- Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, 48105, USA.
- Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, 48105, USA.
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Thompson C, Evans B, Zhao D, Purcell E. Spatiotemporal Expression of RNA-Seq Identified Proteins at the Electrode Interface. Acta Biomater 2023; 164:209-222. [PMID: 37116634 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2023.04.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 04/30/2023]
Abstract
Implantation of electrodes in the brain can be used to record from or stimulate neural tissues to treat neurological disease and injury. However, the tissue response to implanted devices can limit their functional longevity. Recent RNA-seq datasets identify hundreds of genes associated with gliosis, neuronal function, myelination, and cellular metabolism that are spatiotemporally expressed in neural tissues following the insertion of microelectrodes. To validate mRNA as a predictor of protein expression, this study evaluates a sub-set of RNA-seq identified proteins (RSIP) at 24-hours, 1-week, and 6-weeks post-implantation using quantitative immunofluorescence methods. This study found that expression of RSIPs associated with glial activation (Glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), Polypyrmidine tract binding protein-1 (Ptbp1)), neuronal structure (Neurofilament heavy chain (Nefh), Proteolipid protein-1 (Plp1), Myelin Basic Protein (MBP)), and iron metabolism (Transferrin (TF), Ferritin heavy chain-1 (Fth1)) reinforce transcriptional data. This study also provides additional context to the cellular distribution of RSIPs using a MATLAB-based approach to quantify immunofluorescence intensity within specific cell types. Ptbp1, TF, and Fth1 were found to be spatiotemporally distributed within neurons, astrocytes, microglia, and oligodendrocytes at the device interface relative to distal and contralateral tissues. The altered distribution of RSIPs relative to distal tissue is largely localized within 100µm of the device injury, which approaches the functional recording range of implanted electrodes. This study provides evidence that RNA-sequencing can be used to predict protein-level changes in cortical tissues and that RSIPs can be further investigated to identify new biomarkers of the tissue response that influence signal quality. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: : Microelectrode arrays implanted into the brain are useful tools that can be used to study neuroscience and to treat pathological conditions in a clinical setting. The tissue response to these devices, however, can severely limit their functional longevity. Transcriptomics has deepened the understandings of the tissue response by revealing numerous genes which are differentially expressed following device insertion. This manuscript provides validation for the use of transcriptomics to characterize the tissue response by evaluating a subset of known differentially expressed genes at the protein level around implanted electrodes over time. In additional to validating mRNA-to-protein relationships at the device interface, this study has identified emerging trends in the spatiotemporal distribution of proteins involved with glial activation, neuronal remodeling, and essential iron binding proteins around implanted silicon devices. This study additionally provides a new MATLAB based methodology to quantify protein distribution within discrete cell types at the device interface which may be used as biomarkers for further study or therapeutic intervention in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cort Thompson
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, United States of America; Institute for Quantitative Health Science and Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, United States of America
| | - Blake Evans
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, United States of America; Institute for Quantitative Health Science and Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, United States of America
| | - Dorothy Zhao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, United States of America; Institute for Quantitative Health Science and Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, United States of America
| | - Erin Purcell
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, United States of America; Institute for Quantitative Health Science and Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, United States of America.
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Won SM, Cai L, Gutruf P, Rogers JA. Wireless and battery-free technologies for neuroengineering. Nat Biomed Eng 2023; 7:405-423. [PMID: 33686282 PMCID: PMC8423863 DOI: 10.1038/s41551-021-00683-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 96.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Tethered and battery-powered devices that interface with neural tissues can restrict natural motions and prevent social interactions in animal models, thereby limiting the utility of these devices in behavioural neuroscience research. In this Review Article, we discuss recent progress in the development of miniaturized and ultralightweight devices as neuroengineering platforms that are wireless, battery-free and fully implantable, with capabilities that match or exceed those of wired or battery-powered alternatives. Such classes of advanced neural interfaces with optical, electrical or fluidic functionality can also combine recording and stimulation modalities for closed-loop applications in basic studies or in the practical treatment of abnormal physiological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang Min Won
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Le Cai
- Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Philipp Gutruf
- Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA.
- Bio5 Institute and Neuroscience GIDP, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA.
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA.
| | - John A Rogers
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA.
- Center for Bio-Integrated Electronics, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA.
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA.
- Center for Advanced Molecular Imaging, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA.
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA.
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA.
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA.
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA.
- Simpson Querrey Institute for BioNanotechnology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA.
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Bao S, Lu Y, Zhang J, Xue L, Zhang Y, Wang P, Zhang F, Gu N, Sun J. Rapid improvement of heart repair in rats after myocardial infarction by precise magnetic stimulation on the vagus nerve with an injectable magnetic hydrogel. NANOSCALE 2023; 15:3532-3541. [PMID: 36723151 DOI: 10.1039/d2nr05073k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The imbalance between the sympathetic and the parasympathetic nervous system is one of the main pathogeneses of myocardial infarction (MI). Vagus nerve stimulation (VNS), which restores autonomic nervous balance by enhancing the parasympathetic drive, is shown to have benefits for patients with MI. As a clinically safe and effective remote neuromodulation method, magnetic stimulation is expected to overcome the problems of infection and nerve injury caused by electrode implantation. However, it is difficult to achieve precise stimulation on a single vagus nerve due to the poor focus of the magnetic field. Here, we described a novel magnetic vagus nerve stimulation (mVNS) system, which consisted of an injectable chitosan/β-glycerophosphate (CS/GP) hydrogel loaded with superparamagnetic iron oxide (SPIO) nanoparticles and a mild magnetic pulse sequence. The injectable hydrogel prepared from clinically safe materials ensured minimally invasive implantation, and the SPIO nanoparticles in the hydrogel mediated the precise magnetic stimulation of a single vagus nerve. Under a mild magnetic field (∼100 mT), a decrease in heart rate and a change in vagus nerve potential were found in rats under in situ injection of a magnetic CS/GP hydrogel. Magnetic stimulation on the vagus nerve for 4 weeks (20 Hz, three times daily, 5 minutes each time) significantly improved the cardiac function and reduced the infarct size of the rats subjected to myocardial infarction, accompanied by suppression of inflammatory cell infiltration and inflammation factor expression. Taken together, these results demonstrated that the mVNS exhibited promising potential for treating myocardial infarction in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyuan Bao
- The State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Biomaterials and Devices, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, P. R. China.
| | - Yao Lu
- Section of Pacing and Electrophysiology, Division of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210009, P. R. China.
- Department of Cardiology, Xuzhou Central Hospital, The Affiliated XuZhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, No. 199 Jiefang South Road, Xuzhou, 221009, P. R. China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Section of Pacing and Electrophysiology, Division of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210009, P. R. China.
| | - Le Xue
- The State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Biomaterials and Devices, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, P. R. China.
| | - Yewei Zhang
- Hepatopancreatobiliary Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210011, P. R. China
| | - Peng Wang
- The State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Biomaterials and Devices, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, P. R. China.
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Division of Sports Medicine and Adult Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Orthopedics, Sports Medicine and Rehabilitation, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, 321 Zhongshan Road, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Fengxiang Zhang
- Section of Pacing and Electrophysiology, Division of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210009, P. R. China.
| | - Ning Gu
- School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210009, P. R. China.
| | - Jianfei Sun
- The State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Biomaterials and Devices, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, P. R. China.
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Sun F, Jiang H, Wang H, Zhong Y, Xu Y, Xing Y, Yu M, Feng LW, Tang Z, Liu J, Sun H, Wang H, Wang G, Zhu M. Soft Fiber Electronics Based on Semiconducting Polymer. Chem Rev 2023; 123:4693-4763. [PMID: 36753731 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.2c00720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
Fibers, originating from nature and mastered by human, have woven their way throughout the entire history of human civilization. Recent developments in semiconducting polymer materials have further endowed fibers and textiles with various electronic functions, which are attractive in applications such as information interfacing, personalized medicine, and clean energy. Owing to their ability to be easily integrated into daily life, soft fiber electronics based on semiconducting polymers have gained popularity recently for wearable and implantable applications. Herein, we present a review of the previous and current progress in semiconducting polymer-based fiber electronics, particularly focusing on smart-wearable and implantable areas. First, we provide a brief overview of semiconducting polymers from the viewpoint of materials based on the basic concepts and functionality requirements of different devices. Then we analyze the existing applications and associated devices such as information interfaces, healthcare and medicine, and energy conversion and storage. The working principle and performance of semiconducting polymer-based fiber devices are summarized. Furthermore, we focus on the fabrication techniques of fiber devices. Based on the continuous fabrication of one-dimensional fiber and yarn, we introduce two- and three-dimensional fabric fabricating methods. Finally, we review challenges and relevant perspectives and potential solutions to address the related problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengqiang Sun
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
- Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, China
| | - Hao Jiang
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Haoyu Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Yueheng Zhong
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Yiman Xu
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Yi Xing
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Muhuo Yu
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Lightweight Structural Composites, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Liang-Wen Feng
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Zheng Tang
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
- Center for Advanced Low-dimension Materials, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Jun Liu
- National Key Laboratory on Electromagnetic Environment Effects and Electro-Optical Engineering, Nanjing 210007, China
| | - Hengda Sun
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Hongzhi Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Gang Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Meifang Zhu
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
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Kumosa LS. Commonly Overlooked Factors in Biocompatibility Studies of Neural Implants. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2205095. [PMID: 36596702 PMCID: PMC9951391 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202205095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Revised: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Biocompatibility of cutting-edge neural implants, surgical tools and techniques, and therapeutic technologies is a challenging concept that can be easily misjudged. For example, neural interfaces are routinely gauged on how effectively they determine active neurons near their recording sites. Tissue integration and toxicity of neural interfaces are frequently assessed histologically in animal models to determine tissue morphological and cellular changes in response to surgical implantation and chronic presence. A disconnect between histological and efficacious biocompatibility exists, however, as neuronal numbers frequently observed near electrodes do not match recorded neuronal spiking activity. The downstream effects of the myriad surgical and experimental factors involved in such studies are rarely examined when deciding whether a technology or surgical process is biocompatible. Such surgical factors as anesthesia, temperature excursions, bleed incidence, mechanical forces generated, and metabolic conditions are known to have strong systemic and thus local cellular and extracellular consequences. Many tissue markers are extremely sensitive to the physiological state of cells and tissues, thus significantly impacting histological accuracy. This review aims to shed light on commonly overlooked factors that can have a strong impact on the assessment of neural biocompatibility and to address the mismatch between results stemming from functional and histological methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas S. Kumosa
- Neuronano Research CenterDepartment of Experimental Medical ScienceMedical FacultyLund UniversityMedicon Village, Byggnad 404 A2, Scheelevägen 8Lund223 81Sweden
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44
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Kim T, Kim HJ, Choi W, Lee YM, Pyo JH, Lee J, Kim J, Kim J, Kim JH, Kim C, Kim WJ. Deep brain stimulation by blood-brain-barrier-crossing piezoelectric nanoparticles generating current and nitric oxide under focused ultrasound. Nat Biomed Eng 2023; 7:149-163. [PMID: 36456857 DOI: 10.1038/s41551-022-00965-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Deep brain stimulation via implanted electrodes can alleviate neuronal disorders. However, its applicability is constrained by side effects resulting from the insertion of electrodes into the brain. Here, we show that systemically administered piezoelectric nanoparticles producing nitric oxide and generating direct current under high-intensity focused ultrasound can be used to stimulate deep tissue in the brain. The release of nitric oxide temporarily disrupted tight junctions in the blood-brain barrier, allowing for the accumulation of the nanoparticles into brain parenchyma, and the piezoelectrically induced output current stimulated the release of dopamine by dopaminergic neuron-like cells. In a mouse model of Parkinson's disease, the ultrasound-responsive nanoparticles alleviated the symptoms of the disease without causing overt toxicity. The strategy may inspire the development of other minimally invasive therapies for neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taejeong Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Postech-Catholic Biomedical Engineering Institute, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Jin Kim
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, Republic of Korea
| | - Wonseok Choi
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Creative IT Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeong Mi Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Postech-Catholic Biomedical Engineering Institute, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Hyun Pyo
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, Republic of Korea
| | - Junseok Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Postech-Catholic Biomedical Engineering Institute, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeesu Kim
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Creative IT Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, Republic of Korea
| | - Jihoon Kim
- Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Joung-Hun Kim
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, Republic of Korea
| | - Chulhong Kim
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Creative IT Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, Republic of Korea.,School of Interdisciplinary Bioscience and Bioengineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, Republic of Korea
| | - Won Jong Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Postech-Catholic Biomedical Engineering Institute, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, Republic of Korea. .,School of Interdisciplinary Bioscience and Bioengineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, Republic of Korea. .,OmniaMed Co., Ltd., Pohang, Republic of Korea.
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45
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Central Nervous System Nanotechnology. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/978-981-16-8984-0_29] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
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46
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Zhao D, Huang R, Gan JM, Shen QD. Photoactive Nanomaterials for Wireless Neural Biomimetics, Stimulation, and Regeneration. ACS NANO 2022; 16:19892-19912. [PMID: 36411035 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c08543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Nanomaterials at the neural interface can provide the bridge between bioelectronic devices and native neural tissues and achieve bidirectional transmission of signals with our brain. Photoactive nanomaterials, such as inorganic and polymeric nanoparticles, nanotubes, nanowires, nanorods, nanosheets or related, are being explored to mimic, modulate, control, or even substitute the functions of neural cells or tissues. They show great promise in next generation technologies for the neural interface with excellent spatial and temporal accuracy. In this review, we highlight the discovery and understanding of these nanomaterials in precise control of an individual neuron, biomimetic retinal prosthetics for vision restoration, repair or regeneration of central or peripheral neural tissues, and wireless deep brain stimulation for treatment of movement or mental disorders. The most intriguing feature is that the photoactive materials fit within a minimally invasive and wireless strategy to trigger the flux of neurologically active molecules and thus influences the cell membrane potential or key signaling molecule related to gene expression. In particular, we focus on worthy pathways of photosignal transduction at the nanomaterial-neural interface and the behavior of the biological system. Finally, we describe the challenges on how to design photoactive nanomaterials specific to neurological disorders. There are also some open issues such as long-term interface stability and signal transduction efficiency to further explore for clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Zhao
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering and Key Laboratory of High-Performance Polymer Materials and Technology of MOE, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
- Institute of Brain Science and Disease, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266001, China
| | - Rui Huang
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering and Key Laboratory of High-Performance Polymer Materials and Technology of MOE, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Jia-Min Gan
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering and Key Laboratory of High-Performance Polymer Materials and Technology of MOE, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Qun-Dong Shen
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering and Key Laboratory of High-Performance Polymer Materials and Technology of MOE, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
- Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210008, China
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Nanjing 210023, China
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47
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Perkucin I, Lau KSK, Chen T, Iwasa SN, Naguib HE, Morshead CM. Facile Fabrication of Injectable Alginate and Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)-Based Soft Electrodes toward the Goal of Neuro-Regenerative Applications. Adv Healthc Mater 2022; 11:e2201164. [PMID: 36177684 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202201164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Revised: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Resident brain neural precursor cells (NPCs) are electrosensitive cells that respond to electric field application by proliferating, differentiating, and undergoing rapid and directed cathodal migration. Harnessing NPC potential is a promising strategy to facilitate neural repair following injury or disease. The use of electric fields to activate NPCs is limited by current electrode designs which are typically made of conductive metals that are stiff and can lead to neuroinflammation following implantation, in part due to the mechanical mismatch between physiological conditions and material. Herein, the design of a novel, injectable biobased soft electrode with properties suitable for electrical stimulation in vivo is explored. The recent interest in using biologically derived polymers which are relatively abundant and afford economic feasibility have been built upon. Sodium alginate is utilized to form soft hydrogels, thereby addressing the issue of mechanical mismatch, and the conductive polymer, poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT), to generate an innovative new material. It is demonstrated that the optimized alginate PEDOT blend matches the modulus of the brain and is suitable for injection and is not cytotoxic to neural cells. Furthermore, in vivo studies demonstrate minimal activation of inflammatory cells upon implantation in the brain compared to classically used platinum-based electrodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivana Perkucin
- Department of Chemical Engineering & Applied Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 3E5, Canada
| | - Kylie S K Lau
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 3G9, Canada
| | - Tianhao Chen
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 3G9, Canada
| | - Stephanie N Iwasa
- The KITE Research Institute, Toronto Rehabilitation Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, M5G 2A2, Canada.,CRANIA, University Health Network and University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5G 2C4, Canada
| | - Hani E Naguib
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 3G9, Canada.,Department of Materials Science Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 3E4, Canada.,Department of Mechanical & Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 3G8, Canada
| | - Cindi M Morshead
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 3G9, Canada.,The KITE Research Institute, Toronto Rehabilitation Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, M5G 2A2, Canada.,CRANIA, University Health Network and University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5G 2C4, Canada.,Department of Surgery, Division of Anatomy, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5T 1P5, Canada
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48
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Filtration-processed biomass nanofiber electrodes for flexible bioelectronics. J Nanobiotechnology 2022; 20:491. [PMCID: PMC9675094 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-022-01684-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
An increasing demand for bioelectronics that interface with living systems has driven the development of materials to resolve mismatches between electronic devices and biological tissues. So far, a variety of different polymers have been used as substrates for bioelectronics. Especially, biopolymers have been investigated as next-generation materials for bioelectronics because they possess interesting characteristics such as high biocompatibility, biodegradability, and sustainability. However, their range of applications has been restricted due to the limited compatibility of classical fabrication methods with such biopolymers. Here, we introduce a fabrication process for thin and large-area films of chitosan nanofibers (CSNFs) integrated with conductive materials. To this end, we pattern carbon nanotubes (CNTs), silver nanowires, and poly (3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly (styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) by a facile filtration process that uses polyimide masks fabricated via laser ablation. This method yields feedlines of conductive material on nanofiber paper and demonstrates compatibility with conjugated and high-aspect-ratio materials. Furthermore, we fabricate a CNT neural interface electrode by taking advantage of this fabrication process and demonstrate peripheral nerve stimulation to the rapid extensor nerve of a live locust. The presented method might pave the way for future bioelectronic devices based on biopolymer nanofibers.
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49
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Romero G, Park J, Koehler F, Pralle A, Anikeeva P. Modulating cell signalling in vivo with magnetic nanotransducers. NATURE REVIEWS. METHODS PRIMERS 2022; 2:92. [PMID: 38111858 PMCID: PMC10727510 DOI: 10.1038/s43586-022-00170-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2023]
Abstract
Weak magnetic fields offer nearly lossless transmission of signals within biological tissue. Magnetic nanomaterials are capable of transducing magnetic fields into a range of biologically relevant signals in vitro and in vivo. These nanotransducers have recently enabled magnetic control of cellular processes, from neuronal firing and gene expression to programmed apoptosis. Effective implementation of magnetically controlled cellular signalling relies on careful tailoring of magnetic nanotransducers and magnetic fields to the responses of the intended molecular targets. This primer discusses the versatility of magnetic modulation modalities and offers practical guidelines for selection of appropriate materials and field parameters, with a particular focus on applications in neuroscience. With recent developments in magnetic instrumentation and nanoparticle chemistries, including those that are commercially available, magnetic approaches promise to empower research aimed at connecting molecular and cellular signalling to physiology and behaviour in untethered moving subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Romero
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Chemical Engineering, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Jimin Park
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Florian Koehler
- Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Arnd Pralle
- Department of Physics, University at Buffalo, the State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Polina Anikeeva
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
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50
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Thalhammer A, Fontanini M, Shi J, Scaini D, Recupero L, Evtushenko A, Fu Y, Pavagada S, Bistrovic-Popov A, Fruk L, Tian B, Ballerini L. Distributed interfacing by nanoscale photodiodes enables single-neuron light activation and sensory enhancement in 3D spinal explants. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabp9257. [PMID: 35960795 PMCID: PMC9374338 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abp9257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Among emerging technologies developed to interface neuronal signaling, engineering electrodes at the nanoscale would yield more precise biodevices opening to progress in neural circuit investigations and to new therapeutic potential. Despite remarkable progress in miniature electronics for less invasive neurostimulation, most nano-enabled, optically triggered interfaces are demonstrated in cultured cells, which precludes the studies of natural neural circuits. We exploit here free-standing silicon-based nanoscale photodiodes to optically modulate single, identified neurons in mammalian spinal cord explants. With near-infrared light stimulation, we show that activating single excitatory or inhibitory neurons differently affects sensory circuits processing in the dorsal horn. We successfully functionalize nano-photodiodes to target single molecules, such as glutamate AMPA receptor subunits, thus enabling light activation of specific synaptic pathways. We conclude that nano-enabled neural interfaces can modulate selected sensory networks with low invasiveness. The use of nanoscale photodiodes can thus provide original perspective in linking neural activity to specific behavioral outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnes Thalhammer
- International School for Advanced Studies (SISSA), via Bonomea 265, 34136 Trieste, Italy
| | - Mario Fontanini
- International School for Advanced Studies (SISSA), via Bonomea 265, 34136 Trieste, Italy
| | - Jiuyun Shi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Denis Scaini
- International School for Advanced Studies (SISSA), via Bonomea 265, 34136 Trieste, Italy
- Elettra Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A., Area Science Park, I-34149 Trieste, Italy
- Basque Foundation for Science, Ikerbasque, Bilbao 48013, Spain
- Universidad del País Vasco (UPV/EHU), Barrio Sarriena s/n, 48940 Leioa, Spain
| | - Luca Recupero
- International School for Advanced Studies (SISSA), via Bonomea 265, 34136 Trieste, Italy
| | - Alexander Evtushenko
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Ying Fu
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Suraj Pavagada
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Andrea Bistrovic-Popov
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Ljiljana Fruk
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Bozhi Tian
- Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Laura Ballerini
- International School for Advanced Studies (SISSA), via Bonomea 265, 34136 Trieste, Italy
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