1
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Liang J, Lan MH, Pang J, Xia XH, Li J. Nanometer-Resolved Mapping of Organic Cation Migration Behavior in Methylammonium Lead Halide Perovskites. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202410557. [PMID: 38932706 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202410557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2024] [Revised: 06/24/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
The performance and stability of organic metal halide perovskite (OMHP) optoelectronic devices have been associated with ion migration. Understanding of nanoscale resolved organic cation migration mechanism would facilitate structure engineering and commercialization of OMHP. Here, we report a three-dimensional approach for in situ nanoscale infrared imaging of organic ion migration behavior in OMHPs, enabling to distinguish migrations along grain boundary and in crystal lattice. Our results reveal that organic cation migration along OMHP film surface and grain boundaries (GBs) occurs at lower biases than in crystal lattice. We visualize the transition of organic cation migration channels from GBs to volume upon increasing electric field. The temporal resolved results demonstrate the fast MA+ migration kinetics at GBs, which is comparable to diffusivity of halide ions. Our findings help understand the role of organic cations in the performance of OMHP devices, and the proposed approach holds broad applicability for revealing migration mechanisms of organic ions in OMHPs based optoelectronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Liang
- State Key Lab of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Mu-Hao Lan
- State Key Lab of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Jie Pang
- State Key Lab of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Xing-Hua Xia
- State Key Lab of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Jian Li
- State Key Lab of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
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2
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Gupta S, Bhattacharyya S. Footprints of scanning probe microscopy on halide perovskites. Chem Commun (Camb) 2024. [PMID: 39295277 DOI: 10.1039/d4cc03658a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/21/2024]
Abstract
Scanning probe microscopy (SPM) and advanced atomic force microscopy (AFM++) have become pivotal for nanoscale elucidation of the structural, optoelectronic and photovoltaic properties of halide perovskite single crystals and polycrystalline films, both under ex situ and in situ conditions. These techniques reveal detailed information about film topography, compositional mapping, charge distribution, near-field electrical behaviors, cation-lattice interactions, ion dynamics, piezoelectric characteristics, mechanical durability, thermal conductivity, and magnetic properties of doped perovskite lattices. This article outlines the advancements in SPM techniques that deepen our understanding of the optoelectronic and photovoltaic performances of halide perovskites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shresth Gupta
- Department of Chemical Sciences and Centre for Advanced Functional Materials, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Kolkata, Mohanpur-741246, India.
| | - Sayan Bhattacharyya
- Department of Chemical Sciences and Centre for Advanced Functional Materials, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Kolkata, Mohanpur-741246, India.
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3
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Lee M, Wang L, Zhang D, Li J, Kim J, Yun JS, Seidel J. Scanning Probe Microscopy of Halide Perovskite Solar Cells. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024:e2407291. [PMID: 39165039 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202407291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2024] [Revised: 07/29/2024] [Indexed: 08/22/2024]
Abstract
Scanning probe microscopy (SPM) has enabled significant new insights into the nanoscale and microscale properties of solar cell materials and underlying working principles of photovoltaic and optoelectronic technology. Various SPM modes, including atomic force microscopy, Kelvin probe force microscopy, conductive atomic force microscopy, piezoresponse force microscopy, and scanning near-field optical microscopy, can be used for the investigation of electrical, optical and chemical properties of associated functional materials. A large body of work has improved the understanding of solar cell device processing and synthesis in close synergy with SPM investigations in recent years. This review provides an overview of SPM measurement capabilities and attainable insight with a focus on recently widely investigated halide perovskite materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minwoo Lee
- Australian Centre for Advanced Photovoltaics (ACAP), School of Photovoltaic and Renewable Energy, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Lei Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Dawei Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Future Low-Energy Electronics Technologies (FLEET), UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Jiangyu Li
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China
| | - Jincheol Kim
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
- School of Engineering, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, 2109, Australia
| | - Jae Sung Yun
- Australian Centre for Advanced Photovoltaics (ACAP), School of Photovoltaic and Renewable Energy, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
- School of Computer Science and Electronic Engineering, Advanced Technology Institute (ATI), University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey, GU2 7XH, UK
| | - Jan Seidel
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Future Low-Energy Electronics Technologies (FLEET), UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
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4
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Ugur E, Said AA, Dally P, Zhang S, Petoukhoff CE, Rosas-Villalva D, Zhumagali S, Yildirim BK, Razzaq A, Sarwade S, Yazmaciyan A, Baran D, Laquai F, Deger C, Yavuz I, Allen TG, Aydin E, De Wolf S. Enhanced cation interaction in perovskites for efficient tandem solar cells with silicon. Science 2024; 385:533-538. [PMID: 39088622 DOI: 10.1126/science.adp1621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 08/03/2024]
Abstract
To achieve the full potential of monolithic perovskite/silicon tandem solar cells, crystal defects and film inhomogeneities in the perovskite top cell must be minimized. We discuss the use of methylenediammonium dichloride as an additive to the perovskite precursor solution, resulting in the incorporation of in situ-formed tetrahydrotriazinium (THTZ-H+) into the perovskite lattice upon film crystallization. The cyclic nature of the THTZ-H+ cation enables a strong interaction with the lead octahedra of the perovskite lattice through the formation of hydrogen bonds with iodide in multiple directions. This structure improves the device power conversion efficiency (PCE) and phase stability of 1.68 electron volts perovskites under prolonged light and heat exposure under 1-sun illumination at 85°C. Monolithic perovskite/silicon tandems incorporating THTZ-H+ in the perovskite photo absorber reached a 33.7% independently certified PCE for a device area of 1 square centimeter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esma Ugur
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), KAUST Solar Center (KSC), Physical Sciences and Engineering Division (PSE), Material Science and Engineering Program (MSE), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed Ali Said
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), KAUST Solar Center (KSC), Physical Sciences and Engineering Division (PSE), Material Science and Engineering Program (MSE), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Pia Dally
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), KAUST Solar Center (KSC), Physical Sciences and Engineering Division (PSE), Material Science and Engineering Program (MSE), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Shanshan Zhang
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), KAUST Solar Center (KSC), Physical Sciences and Engineering Division (PSE), Material Science and Engineering Program (MSE), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Christopher E Petoukhoff
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), KAUST Solar Center (KSC), Physical Sciences and Engineering Division (PSE), Material Science and Engineering Program (MSE), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Diego Rosas-Villalva
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), KAUST Solar Center (KSC), Physical Sciences and Engineering Division (PSE), Material Science and Engineering Program (MSE), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Shynggys Zhumagali
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), KAUST Solar Center (KSC), Physical Sciences and Engineering Division (PSE), Material Science and Engineering Program (MSE), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Bumin K Yildirim
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), KAUST Solar Center (KSC), Physical Sciences and Engineering Division (PSE), Material Science and Engineering Program (MSE), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Arsalan Razzaq
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), KAUST Solar Center (KSC), Physical Sciences and Engineering Division (PSE), Material Science and Engineering Program (MSE), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Shruti Sarwade
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), KAUST Solar Center (KSC), Physical Sciences and Engineering Division (PSE), Material Science and Engineering Program (MSE), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Aren Yazmaciyan
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), KAUST Solar Center (KSC), Physical Sciences and Engineering Division (PSE), Material Science and Engineering Program (MSE), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Derya Baran
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), KAUST Solar Center (KSC), Physical Sciences and Engineering Division (PSE), Material Science and Engineering Program (MSE), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Frédéric Laquai
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), KAUST Solar Center (KSC), Physical Sciences and Engineering Division (PSE), Material Science and Engineering Program (MSE), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Caner Deger
- Department of Physics, Marmara University, Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - Ilhan Yavuz
- Department of Physics, Marmara University, Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - Thomas G Allen
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), KAUST Solar Center (KSC), Physical Sciences and Engineering Division (PSE), Material Science and Engineering Program (MSE), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Erkan Aydin
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), KAUST Solar Center (KSC), Physical Sciences and Engineering Division (PSE), Material Science and Engineering Program (MSE), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Stefaan De Wolf
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), KAUST Solar Center (KSC), Physical Sciences and Engineering Division (PSE), Material Science and Engineering Program (MSE), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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5
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Jiang X, Liu B, Wu X, Zhang S, Zhang D, Wang X, Gao S, Huang Z, Wang H, Li B, Xiao Z, Chen T, Jen AKY, Xiao S, Yang S, Zhu Z. Top-Down Induced Crystallization Orientation toward Highly Efficient p-i-n Perovskite Solar Cells. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2313524. [PMID: 38453665 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202313524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Revised: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
Crystallization orientation plays a crucial role in determining the performance and stability of perovskite solar cells (PVSCs), whereas effective strategies for realizing oriented perovskite crystallization is still lacking. Herein, a facile and efficient top-down strategy is reported to manipulate the crystallization orientation via treating perovskite wet film with propylamine chloride (PACl) before annealing. The PA+ ions tend to be adsorbed on the (001) facet of the perovskite surface, resulting in the reduced cleavage energy to induce (001) orientation-dominated growth of perovskite film and then reduce the temperature of phase transition, meanwhile, the penetrating Cl ions further regulate the crystallization process. As-prepared (001)-dominant perovskite films exhibit the ameliorative film homogeneity in terms of vertical and horizontal scale, leading to alleviated lattice mismatch and lowered defect density. The resultant PVSC devices deliver a champion power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 25.07% with enhanced stability, and the unencapsulated PVSC device maintains 95% of its initial PCE after 1000 h of operation at the maximum power point under simulated AM 1.5G illumination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofen Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Precision and Intelligent Chemistry, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), Anhui Laboratory of Advanced Photon Science and Technology, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, 999077, Hong Kong
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, 999077, Hong Kong
| | - Baoze Liu
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, 999077, Hong Kong
| | - Xin Wu
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, 999077, Hong Kong
| | - Shoufeng Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, 999077, Hong Kong
| | - Dong Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, 999077, Hong Kong
| | - Xue Wang
- Key Laboratory of Precision and Intelligent Chemistry, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), Anhui Laboratory of Advanced Photon Science and Technology, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, 999077, Hong Kong
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, 999077, Hong Kong
| | - Shuang Gao
- Key Laboratory of Precision and Intelligent Chemistry, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), Anhui Laboratory of Advanced Photon Science and Technology, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Zongming Huang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Strongly-coupled Quantum Matter Physics, Department of Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Haolin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Precision and Intelligent Chemistry, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), Anhui Laboratory of Advanced Photon Science and Technology, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Bo Li
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, 999077, Hong Kong
| | - Zhengguo Xiao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Strongly-coupled Quantum Matter Physics, Department of Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Tao Chen
- Key Laboratory of Precision and Intelligent Chemistry, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), Anhui Laboratory of Advanced Photon Science and Technology, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Alex K-Y Jen
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, 999077, Hong Kong
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, 999077, Hong Kong
- Hong Kong Institute for Clean Energy, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, 999077, Hong Kong
| | - Shuang Xiao
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Ultraintense Laser and Advanced Material Technology, Center for Intense Laser Application Technology (iLaT) and College of Engineering Physics, Shenzhen Technology University, Shenzhen, 518118, China
| | - Shangfeng Yang
- Key Laboratory of Precision and Intelligent Chemistry, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), Anhui Laboratory of Advanced Photon Science and Technology, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Zonglong Zhu
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, 999077, Hong Kong
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, 999077, Hong Kong
- Hong Kong Institute for Clean Energy, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, 999077, Hong Kong
- City University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518057, China
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6
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Santos TM, Lordano S, Mayer RA, Volpe L, Rodrigues GM, Meyer B, Westfahl H, Freitas RO. Synchrotron infrared nanospectroscopy in fourth-generation storage rings. JOURNAL OF SYNCHROTRON RADIATION 2024; 31:547-556. [PMID: 38630437 DOI: 10.1107/s1600577524002364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
Fourth-generation synchrotron storage rings represent a significant milestone in synchrotron technology, offering outstandingly bright and tightly focused X-ray beams for a wide range of scientific applications. However, due to their inherently tight magnetic lattices, these storage rings have posed critical challenges for accessing lower-energy radiation, such as infrared (IR) and THz. Here the first-ever IR beamline to be installed and to operate at a fourth-generation synchrotron storage ring is introduced. This work encompasses several notable advancements, including a thorough examination of the new IR source at Sirius, a detailed description of the radiation extraction scheme, and the successful validation of our optical concept through both measurements and simulations. This optimal optical setup has enabled us to achieve an exceptionally wide frequency range for our nanospectroscopy experiments. Through the utilization of synchrotron IR nanospectroscopy on biological and hard matter samples, the practicality and effectiveness of this beamline has been successfully demonstrated. The advantages of fourth-generation synchrotron IR sources, which can now operate with unparalleled stability as a result of the stringent requirements for producing low-emittance X-rays, are emphasized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thiago M Santos
- Brazilian Synchrotron Light Laboratory (LNLS), Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), 13083-970 Campinas, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sérgio Lordano
- Brazilian Synchrotron Light Laboratory (LNLS), Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), 13083-970 Campinas, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rafael A Mayer
- Brazilian Synchrotron Light Laboratory (LNLS), Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), 13083-970 Campinas, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Lucas Volpe
- Brazilian Synchrotron Light Laboratory (LNLS), Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), 13083-970 Campinas, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Gustavo M Rodrigues
- Brazilian Synchrotron Light Laboratory (LNLS), Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), 13083-970 Campinas, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Bernd Meyer
- Brazilian Synchrotron Light Laboratory (LNLS), Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), 13083-970 Campinas, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Harry Westfahl
- Brazilian Synchrotron Light Laboratory (LNLS), Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), 13083-970 Campinas, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Raul O Freitas
- Brazilian Synchrotron Light Laboratory (LNLS), Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), 13083-970 Campinas, Sao Paulo, Brazil
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7
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Zhao B, Chen H, Zhu Z, Yu X, Huang W, Gao S, Li Y. Polycrystalline Lead-Free Perovskite Direct X-Ray Detectors with High Durability and Low Limit of Detection via Low-Temperature Coating. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:6113-6121. [PMID: 38270060 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c16581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
Direct X-ray detectors represent a transformative technology in the realm of radiography and imaging. The double halide-based perovskite cesium silver bismuth bromide (Cs2AgBiBr6) has emerged as a promising material for use in direct X-ray imaging, owing to its nontoxic composition, strong X-ray absorption, decent charge mobility lifetime product (μτ), and low-cost preparation. However, formidable issues related to scalability and ion migration, stemming from intrinsic factors such as halogen vacancies and grain boundaries, have presented significant impediments. These issues have been associated with substantial noise, baseline instability, and a curtailment of detection performance. In response to these multifaceted challenges, we propose a slurry-based in situ treatment technique for fabricating robust Cs2AgBiBr6 thick films. This novel approach adeptly mitigates halogen vacancies, actively passivates grain boundaries, and concurrently elevates the ion migration activation energy, thus effectively suppressing ion migration. Consequently, the obtained X-ray detector exhibits excellent operating stability with minimal signal drift of 8.5 × 10-9 nA cm-1 s-1 V-1 and achieves a remarkable 385% increase in sensitivity with a limit of detection as low as 7.8 nGyair s-1. These results mark a significant step toward the development of high-performance and long-lasting lead-free perovskite direct X-ray detectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Zhao
- Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Huiwen Chen
- Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Ziyao Zhu
- Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Xuefeng Yu
- Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Weixiong Huang
- Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Sheng Gao
- Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Yunlong Li
- Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
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8
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Yao Q, Li H, Xue J, Jiang S, Zhang Q, Bao J. Promoting Photocatalytic H 2 Evolution through Retarded Charge Trapping and Recombination by Continuously Distributed Defects in Methylammonium Lead Iodide Perovskite. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202308140. [PMID: 37395373 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202308140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
Inspired by its great success in the photovoltaic field, methylammonium lead iodide perovskite (MAPbI3 ) has recently been actively explored as photocatalysts in H2 evolution reactions. However, the practical application of MAPbI3 photocatalysts remains hampered by the intrinsically fast trapping and recombination of photogenerated charges. Herein, we propose a novel strategy of regulating the distribution of defective areas to promote charge-transfer dynamics of MAPbI3 photocatalysts. By deliberately designing and synthesizing the MAPbI3 photocatalysts featuring a unique continuation of defective areas, we demonstrate that such a feature enables retardation of charge trapping and recombination via lengthening the charge-transfer distance. As an outcome, such MAPbI3 photocatalysts turn out to achieve an impressive photocatalytic H2 evolution rate as high as 0.64 mmol ⋅ g-1 ⋅ h-1 , one order of magnitude higher than that of the conventional MAPbI3 photocatalysts. This work establishes a new paradigm for controlling charge-transfer dynamics in photocatalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Yao
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230029, China
| | - Hui Li
- Department of Chemical Physics, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Jiawei Xue
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230029, China
| | - Shenlong Jiang
- Hefei National Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230088, China
| | - Qun Zhang
- Department of Chemical Physics, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
- Hefei National Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230088, China
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Jun Bao
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230029, China
- iChEM (Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials), University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230029, China
- Key Laboratory of Precision and Intelligent Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
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9
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Liu Y, Yang J, Lawrie BJ, Kelley KP, Ziatdinov M, Kalinin SV, Ahmadi M. Disentangling Electronic Transport and Hysteresis at Individual Grain Boundaries in Hybrid Perovskites via Automated Scanning Probe Microscopy. ACS NANO 2023; 17:9647-9657. [PMID: 37155579 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c03363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Underlying the rapidly increasing photovoltaic efficiency and stability of metal halide perovskites (MHPs) is the advancement in the understanding of the microstructure of polycrystalline MHP thin film. Over the past decade, intense efforts have been aimed at understanding the effect of microstructures on MHP properties, including chemical heterogeneity, strain disorder, phase impurity, etc. It has been found that grain and grain boundary (GB) are tightly related to lots of microscale and nanoscale behavior in MHP thin films. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) is widely used to observe grain and boundary structures in topography and subsequently to study the correlative surface potential and conductivity of these structures. For now, most AFM measurements have been performed in imaging mode to study the static behavior; in contrast, AFM spectroscopy mode allows us to investigate the dynamic behavior of materials, e.g., conductivity under sweeping voltage. However, a major limitation of AFM spectroscopy measurements is that they require manual operation by human operators, and as such only limited data can be obtained, hindering systematic investigations of these microstructures. In this work, we designed a workflow combining the conductive AFM measurement with a machine learning (ML) algorithm to systematically investigate grain boundaries in MHPs. The trained ML model can extract GBs locations from the topography image, and the workflow drives the AFM probe to each GB location to perform a current-voltage (IV) curve automatically. Then, we are able to have IV curves at all GB locations, allowing us to systematically understand the property of GBs. Using this method, we discovered that the GB junction points are less conductive, potentially more photoactive, and can play critical roles in MHP stability, while most previous works only focused on the difference between GB and grains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongtao Liu
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37830, United States
| | - Jonghee Yang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
| | - Benjamin J Lawrie
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37830, United States
- Materials Science and Technology Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37830, United States
| | - Kyle P Kelley
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37830, United States
| | - Maxim Ziatdinov
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37830, United States
- Computational Sciences and Engineering Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37830, United States
| | - Sergei V Kalinin
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
| | - Mahshid Ahmadi
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
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10
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Liu Y, Yang J, Vasudevan RK, Kelley KP, Ziatdinov M, Kalinin SV, Ahmadi M. Exploring the Relationship of Microstructure and Conductivity in Metal Halide Perovskites via Active Learning-Driven Automated Scanning Probe Microscopy. J Phys Chem Lett 2023; 14:3352-3359. [PMID: 36994975 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.3c00223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Electronic transport and hysteresis in metal halide perovskites (MHPs) are key to the applications in photovoltaics, light emitting devices, and light and chemical sensors. These phenomena are strongly affected by the materials microstructure including grain boundaries, ferroic domain walls, and secondary phase inclusions. Here, we demonstrate an active machine learning framework for "driving" an automated scanning probe microscope (SPM) to discover the microstructures responsible for specific aspects of transport behavior in MHPs. In our setup, the microscope can discover the microstructural elements that maximize the onset of conduction, hysteresis, or any other characteristic that can be derived from a set of current-voltage spectra. This approach opens new opportunities for exploring the origins of materials functionality in complex materials by SPM and can be integrated with other characterization techniques either before (prior knowledge) or after (identification of locations of interest for detail studies) functional probing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongtao Liu
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37830, United States
| | - Jonghee Yang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
| | - Rama K Vasudevan
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37830, United States
| | - Kyle P Kelley
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37830, United States
| | - Maxim Ziatdinov
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37830, United States
- Computational Sciences and Engineering Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37830, United States
| | - Sergei V Kalinin
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
| | - Mahshid Ahmadi
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
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11
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Yuan G, Xie W, Song Q, Ma S, Ma Y, Shi C, Xiao M, Pei F, Niu X, Zhang Y, Dou J, Zhu C, Bai Y, Wu Y, Wang H, Fan Q, Chen Q. Inhibited Crack Development by Compressive Strain in Perovskite Solar Cells with Improved Mechanical Stability. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2211257. [PMID: 36753745 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202211257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Revised: 01/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Metal halide perovskites are promising as next-generation photovoltaic materials, but stability issues are still a huge obstacle to their commercialization. Here, the formation and evolution of cracks in perovskite films during thermal cycling, which affect their mechanical stability, are investigated. Compressive strain is employed to suppress cracks and delamination by in situ formed polymers with low elastic modulus during crystal growth. The resultant devices pass the thermal-cycling qualification (IEC61215:2016), retaining 95% of the initial power conversion efficiency (PCE) and compressive strain after 230 cycles. Meanwhile, the p-i-n devices deliver PCEs of 23.91% (0.0805 cm2 ) and 23.27% (1 cm2 ). The findings shed light on strain engineering with respect to their evolution, which enables mechanically stable perovskite solar cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guizhou Yuan
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Construction Tailorable Advanced Functional Materials and Green Applications, MIIT Key Laboratory for Low-dimensional Quantum Structure and Devices, Experimental Center of Advanced Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Wenqiang Xie
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Construction Tailorable Advanced Functional Materials and Green Applications, MIIT Key Laboratory for Low-dimensional Quantum Structure and Devices, Experimental Center of Advanced Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Qizhen Song
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Construction Tailorable Advanced Functional Materials and Green Applications, MIIT Key Laboratory for Low-dimensional Quantum Structure and Devices, Experimental Center of Advanced Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Sai Ma
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Construction Tailorable Advanced Functional Materials and Green Applications, MIIT Key Laboratory for Low-dimensional Quantum Structure and Devices, Experimental Center of Advanced Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Yue Ma
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Construction Tailorable Advanced Functional Materials and Green Applications, MIIT Key Laboratory for Low-dimensional Quantum Structure and Devices, Experimental Center of Advanced Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Congbo Shi
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Construction Tailorable Advanced Functional Materials and Green Applications, MIIT Key Laboratory for Low-dimensional Quantum Structure and Devices, Experimental Center of Advanced Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Mengqi Xiao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Construction Tailorable Advanced Functional Materials and Green Applications, MIIT Key Laboratory for Low-dimensional Quantum Structure and Devices, Experimental Center of Advanced Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Fengtao Pei
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Construction Tailorable Advanced Functional Materials and Green Applications, MIIT Key Laboratory for Low-dimensional Quantum Structure and Devices, Experimental Center of Advanced Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Xiuxiu Niu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Construction Tailorable Advanced Functional Materials and Green Applications, MIIT Key Laboratory for Low-dimensional Quantum Structure and Devices, Experimental Center of Advanced Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Construction Tailorable Advanced Functional Materials and Green Applications, MIIT Key Laboratory for Low-dimensional Quantum Structure and Devices, Experimental Center of Advanced Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Jie Dou
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Construction Tailorable Advanced Functional Materials and Green Applications, MIIT Key Laboratory for Low-dimensional Quantum Structure and Devices, Experimental Center of Advanced Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Cheng Zhu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Construction Tailorable Advanced Functional Materials and Green Applications, MIIT Key Laboratory for Low-dimensional Quantum Structure and Devices, Experimental Center of Advanced Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Yang Bai
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Construction Tailorable Advanced Functional Materials and Green Applications, MIIT Key Laboratory for Low-dimensional Quantum Structure and Devices, Experimental Center of Advanced Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Yiliang Wu
- Auner Technology Co., Ltd., Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Hao Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Construction Tailorable Advanced Functional Materials and Green Applications, MIIT Key Laboratory for Low-dimensional Quantum Structure and Devices, Experimental Center of Advanced Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Qunbo Fan
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Construction Tailorable Advanced Functional Materials and Green Applications, MIIT Key Laboratory for Low-dimensional Quantum Structure and Devices, Experimental Center of Advanced Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Qi Chen
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Construction Tailorable Advanced Functional Materials and Green Applications, MIIT Key Laboratory for Low-dimensional Quantum Structure and Devices, Experimental Center of Advanced Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
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12
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Schäffer S, Ogolla CO, Loth Y, Haeger T, Kreusel C, Runkel M, Riedl T, Butz B, Wigger AK, Bolívar PH. Imaging the Terahertz Nanoscale Conductivity of Polycrystalline CsPbBr 3 Perovskite Thin Films. NANO LETTERS 2023; 23:2074-2080. [PMID: 36862532 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.2c03214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Terahertz (THz) radiation is a valuable tool to investigate the electronic properties of lead halide perovskites (LHPs). However, attaining high-resolution information remains elusive, as the diffraction-limited spatial resolution (∼300 μm) of conventional THz methods prevents a direct analysis of microscopic effects. Here, we employ THz scattering scanning near-field optical microscopy (THz-sSNOM) for nanoscale imaging of cesium lead bromide (CsPbBr3) thin films down to the single grain level at 600 GHz. Adopting a scattering model, we are able to derive the local THz nanoscale conductivity in a contact-free fashion. Increased THz near-field signals at CsPbBr3 grain boundaries complemented by correlative transmission electron microscopy-energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy elemental analysis point to the formation of halide vacancies (VBr) and Pb-Pb bonds, which induce charge carrier trapping and can lead to nonradiative recombination. Our study establishes THz-sSNOM as a powerful THz nanoscale analysis platform for thin-film semiconductors such as LHPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephan Schäffer
- Institute for High Frequency and Quantum Electronics, University of Siegen, 57076 Siegen, Germany
| | | | - Yannik Loth
- Institute for High Frequency and Quantum Electronics, University of Siegen, 57076 Siegen, Germany
| | - Tobias Haeger
- Institute of Electronic Devices, University of Wuppertal, 42119 Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Cedric Kreusel
- Institute of Electronic Devices, University of Wuppertal, 42119 Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Manuel Runkel
- Institute of Electronic Devices, University of Wuppertal, 42119 Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Thomas Riedl
- Institute of Electronic Devices, University of Wuppertal, 42119 Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Benjamin Butz
- Micro-and Nanoanalytics Group, University of Siegen, 57076 Siegen, Germany
| | - Anna Katharina Wigger
- Institute for High Frequency and Quantum Electronics, University of Siegen, 57076 Siegen, Germany
| | - Peter Haring Bolívar
- Institute for High Frequency and Quantum Electronics, University of Siegen, 57076 Siegen, Germany
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13
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Wang L, Song Q, Pei F, Chen Y, Dou J, Wang H, Shi C, Zhang X, Fan R, Zhou W, Qiu Z, Kang J, Wang X, Lambertz A, Sun M, Niu X, Ma Y, Zhu C, Zhou H, Hong J, Bai Y, Duan W, Ding K, Chen Q. Strain Modulation for Light-Stable n-i-p Perovskite/Silicon Tandem Solar Cells. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2201315. [PMID: 35435280 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202201315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Revised: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Perovskite/silicon tandem solar cells are promising to penetrate photovoltaic market. However, the wide-bandgap perovskite absorbers used in top-cell often suffer severe phase segregation under illumination, which restricts the operation lifetime of tandem solar cells. Here, a strain modulation strategy to fabricate light-stable perovskite/silicon tandem solar cells is reported. By employing adenosine triphosphate, the residual tensile strain in the wide-bandgap perovskite absorber is successfully converted to compressive strain, which mitigates light-induced ion migration and phase segregation. Based on the wide-bandgap perovskite with compressive strain, single-junction solar cells with the n-i-p layout yield a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 20.53% with the smallest voltage deficits of 440 mV. These cells also maintain 83.60% of initial PCE after 2500 h operation at the maximum power point. Finally, these top cells are integrated with silicon bottom cells in a monolithic tandem device, which achieves a PCE of 26.95% and improved light stability at open-circuit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Wang
- Experimental Center of Advanced Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Qizhen Song
- Experimental Center of Advanced Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Fengtao Pei
- Experimental Center of Advanced Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Theory and Technology of Advanced Battery Materials, Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, BIC-ESAT, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Yihua Chen
- Experimental Center of Advanced Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Jie Dou
- Experimental Center of Advanced Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Hao Wang
- Experimental Center of Advanced Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Congbo Shi
- Experimental Center of Advanced Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Xiao Zhang
- Experimental Center of Advanced Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Rundong Fan
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Theory and Technology of Advanced Battery Materials, Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, BIC-ESAT, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Wentao Zhou
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Theory and Technology of Advanced Battery Materials, Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, BIC-ESAT, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Zhiwen Qiu
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Theory and Technology of Advanced Battery Materials, Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, BIC-ESAT, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Jiaqian Kang
- School of Aerospace Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Xueyun Wang
- School of Aerospace Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Andreas Lambertz
- IEK-5 Photovoltaik, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52428, Jülich, Germany
| | - Mengru Sun
- Experimental Center of Advanced Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Xiuxiu Niu
- Experimental Center of Advanced Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Yue Ma
- Experimental Center of Advanced Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Cheng Zhu
- Experimental Center of Advanced Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Huanping Zhou
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Theory and Technology of Advanced Battery Materials, Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, BIC-ESAT, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Jiawang Hong
- School of Aerospace Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Yang Bai
- Experimental Center of Advanced Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Weiyuan Duan
- IEK-5 Photovoltaik, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52428, Jülich, Germany
| | - Kaining Ding
- IEK-5 Photovoltaik, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52428, Jülich, Germany
| | - Qi Chen
- Experimental Center of Advanced Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
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14
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Characterization of a New Low Temperature Encapsulation Method with Ethylene-Vinyl Acetate under UV Irradiation for Perovskite Solar Cells. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/app12105228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
In this work, the performance of a new ethylene-vinyl acetate-based low temperature encapsulation method, conceived to protect perovskite samples from UV irradiation in ambient conditions, has been analyzed. To this purpose, perovskite samples consisting of a set of MAPbI3 (CH3NH3PbI3) films and MAPbI3 with an ETL layer were deposited over glass substrates by spin-coating techniques and encapsulated using the new method. The samples were subjected to an UV lamp or to full solar irradiation in ambient conditions, with a relative humidity of 60–80%. Microscope imaging, spectroscopic ellipsometry and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) techniques were applied to analyze the samples. The obtained results indicate UV energy is responsible for the degradation of the perovskite layer. Thus, the cut-UV characteristics of the EVA encapsulate acts as an efficient barrier, allowing the laminated samples to remain stable above 350 h under full solar irradiation compared with non-encapsulated samples. In addition, the FTIR results reveal perovskite degradation caused by UV light. To extend the study to encompass whole PSCs, simulations were carried out using the software SCAPS-1D, where the non-encapsulated devices present a short-circuit current reduction after exposure to UV irradiation, while the encapsulated ones maintained their efficiency.
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15
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Emelianov NA, Ozerova VV, Zhidkov IS, Korchagin DV, Shilov GV, Litvinov AL, Kurmaev EZ, Frolova LA, Aldoshin SM, Troshin PA. Nanoscale Visualization of Photodegradation Dynamics of MAPbI 3 Perovskite Films. J Phys Chem Lett 2022; 13:2744-2749. [PMID: 35315674 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.2c00497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we report the nanoscale visualization of the photochemical degradation dynamics of MAPbI3 (MA = CH3NH3+) using infrared scattering scanning near-field microscopy (IR s-SNOM) combined with a series of complementary analytical techniques such as UV-vis and FTIR-spectroscopy, XRD, and XPS. Light exposure of the MAPbI3 films resulted in a gradual loss of MA+ cations starting from the grain boundaries at the film surface and slowly progressing toward the center of the grains and deeper into the bulk perovskite phase. The binary lead iodide PbI2 was found to be the major perovskite photochemical degradation product under the experimental conditions used. Interestingly, the formation of the PbI2 skin over the perovskite grains resulted in a largely enhanced photoluminescence, which resembles the effects observed for core-shell quantum dots. The obtained results demonstrate that IR s-SNOM represents a powerful technique for studying the spatially resolved degradation dynamics of perovskite absorbers and revealing the associated material aging pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikita A Emelianov
- Institute for Problems of Chemical Physics of the Russian Academy of Sciences (IPCP RAS), Semenov Prospect 1, 141432 Chernogolovka, Moscow Region, Russia
| | - Victoria V Ozerova
- Institute for Problems of Chemical Physics of the Russian Academy of Sciences (IPCP RAS), Semenov Prospect 1, 141432 Chernogolovka, Moscow Region, Russia
- Higher Chemical College of Russian Academy of Sciences, D. I. Mendeleev University of Chemical Technology of Russia, Miusskaya Square 9, 125947 Moscow, Russia
| | - Ivan S Zhidkov
- Ural Federal University, Mira Street 19, 620002 Yekaterinburg, Russia
- M.N. Mikheev Institute of Metal Physics of Ural Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 620108 Yekaterinburg, Russia
| | - Denis V Korchagin
- Institute for Problems of Chemical Physics of the Russian Academy of Sciences (IPCP RAS), Semenov Prospect 1, 141432 Chernogolovka, Moscow Region, Russia
| | - Gennady V Shilov
- Institute for Problems of Chemical Physics of the Russian Academy of Sciences (IPCP RAS), Semenov Prospect 1, 141432 Chernogolovka, Moscow Region, Russia
| | - Alexey L Litvinov
- Institute for Problems of Chemical Physics of the Russian Academy of Sciences (IPCP RAS), Semenov Prospect 1, 141432 Chernogolovka, Moscow Region, Russia
| | - Ernst Z Kurmaev
- Ural Federal University, Mira Street 19, 620002 Yekaterinburg, Russia
- M.N. Mikheev Institute of Metal Physics of Ural Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 620108 Yekaterinburg, Russia
| | - Lyubov A Frolova
- Institute for Problems of Chemical Physics of the Russian Academy of Sciences (IPCP RAS), Semenov Prospect 1, 141432 Chernogolovka, Moscow Region, Russia
| | - Sergey M Aldoshin
- Institute for Problems of Chemical Physics of the Russian Academy of Sciences (IPCP RAS), Semenov Prospect 1, 141432 Chernogolovka, Moscow Region, Russia
| | - Pavel A Troshin
- Institute for Problems of Chemical Physics of the Russian Academy of Sciences (IPCP RAS), Semenov Prospect 1, 141432 Chernogolovka, Moscow Region, Russia
- Faculty of Chemistry, Silesian University of Technology, Strzody 9, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
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16
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Richheimer F, Toth D, Hailegnaw B, Baker MA, Dorey RA, Kienberger F, Castro FA, Kaltenbrunner M, Scharber MC, Gramse G, Wood S. Ion-driven nanograin formation in early-stage degradation of tri-cation perovskite films. NANOSCALE 2022; 14:2605-2616. [PMID: 35129185 DOI: 10.1039/d1nr05045a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The operational stability of organic-inorganic halide perovskite based solar cells is a challenge for widespread commercial adoption. The mobility of ionic species is a key contributor to perovskite instability since ion migration can lead to unfavourable changes in the crystal lattice and ultimately destabilisation of the perovskite phase. Here we study the nanoscale early-stage degradation of mixed-halide mixed-cation perovskite films under operation-like conditions using electrical scanning probe microscopy to investigate the formation of surface nanograin defects. We identify the nanograins as lead iodide and study their formation in ambient and inert environments with various optical, thermal, and electrical stress conditions in order to elucidate the different underlying degradation mechanisms. We find that the intrinsic instability is related to the polycrystalline morphology, where electrical bias stress leads to the build-up of charge at grain boundaries and lateral space charge gradients that destabilise the local perovskite lattice facilitating escape of the organic cation. This mechanism is accelerated by enhanced ionic mobility under optical excitation. Our findings highlight the importance of inhibiting the formation of local charge imbalance, either through compositions preventing ionic redistribution or local grain boundary passivation, in order to extend operational stability in perovskite photovoltaics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filipe Richheimer
- National Physical Laboratory, Teddington, Middlesex, TW11 0LW, UK.
- Centre for Engineering Materials, University of Surrey, Guildford, GU2 7XH, UK
| | - David Toth
- Keysight Technologies GmbH, Linz, 4020, Austria
- Applied Experimental Biophysics, Johannes Kepler University, Linz, 4020, Austria
| | - Bekele Hailegnaw
- Division of Soft Matter Physics and LIT Soft Materials Lab, Johannes Kepler University, Linz, 4040, Austria
- Department Soft Matter Physics (SoMaP), Johannes Kepler University Linz, 4040, Austria
| | - Mark A Baker
- Centre for Engineering Materials, University of Surrey, Guildford, GU2 7XH, UK
| | - Robert A Dorey
- Centre for Engineering Materials, University of Surrey, Guildford, GU2 7XH, UK
| | | | | | - Martin Kaltenbrunner
- Department Soft Matter Physics (SoMaP), Johannes Kepler University Linz, 4040, Austria
| | - Markus C Scharber
- Division of Soft Matter Physics and LIT Soft Materials Lab, Johannes Kepler University, Linz, 4040, Austria
| | - Georg Gramse
- Keysight Technologies GmbH, Linz, 4020, Austria
- Applied Experimental Biophysics, Johannes Kepler University, Linz, 4020, Austria
| | - Sebastian Wood
- National Physical Laboratory, Teddington, Middlesex, TW11 0LW, UK.
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17
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Frohna K, Anaya M, Macpherson S, Sung J, Doherty TAS, Chiang YH, Winchester AJ, Orr KWP, Parker JE, Quinn PD, Dani KM, Rao A, Stranks SD. Nanoscale chemical heterogeneity dominates the optoelectronic response of alloyed perovskite solar cells. NATURE NANOTECHNOLOGY 2022; 17:190-196. [PMID: 34811554 DOI: 10.1038/s41565-021-01019-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Halide perovskites perform remarkably in optoelectronic devices. However, this exceptional performance is striking given that perovskites exhibit deep charge-carrier traps and spatial compositional and structural heterogeneity, all of which should be detrimental to performance. Here, we resolve this long-standing paradox by providing a global visualization of the nanoscale chemical, structural and optoelectronic landscape in halide perovskite devices, made possible through the development of a new suite of correlative, multimodal microscopy measurements combining quantitative optical spectroscopic techniques and synchrotron nanoprobe measurements. We show that compositional disorder dominates the optoelectronic response over a weaker influence of nanoscale strain variations even of large magnitude. Nanoscale compositional gradients drive carrier funnelling onto local regions associated with low electronic disorder, drawing carrier recombination away from trap clusters associated with electronic disorder and leading to high local photoluminescence quantum efficiency. These measurements reveal a global picture of the competitive nanoscale landscape, which endows enhanced defect tolerance in devices through spatial chemical disorder that outcompetes both electronic and structural disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle Frohna
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Miguel Anaya
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
| | | | - Jooyoung Sung
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Emerging Materials Science, DGIST, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Yu-Hsien Chiang
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Andrew J Winchester
- Femtosecond Spectroscopy Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, Onna-son, Japan
| | - Kieran W P Orr
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Julia E Parker
- Diamond Light Source, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, UK
| | - Paul D Quinn
- Diamond Light Source, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, UK
| | - Keshav M Dani
- Femtosecond Spectroscopy Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, Onna-son, Japan
| | - Akshay Rao
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Samuel D Stranks
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
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18
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Hierarchically encapsulating enzymes with multi-shelled metal-organic frameworks for tandem biocatalytic reactions. Nat Commun 2022; 13:305. [PMID: 35027566 PMCID: PMC8758787 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-27983-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Biocatalytic transformations in living organisms, such as multi-enzyme catalytic cascades, proceed in different cellular membrane-compartmentalized organelles with high efficiency. Nevertheless, it remains challenging to mimicking biocatalytic cascade processes in natural systems. Herein, we demonstrate that multi-shelled metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) can be used as a hierarchical scaffold to spatially organize enzymes on nanoscale to enhance cascade catalytic efficiency. Encapsulating multi-enzymes with multi-shelled MOFs by epitaxial shell-by-shell overgrowth leads to 5.8~13.5-fold enhancements in catalytic efficiencies compared with free enzymes in solution. Importantly, multi-shelled MOFs can act as a multi-spatial-compartmental nanoreactor that allows physically compartmentalize multiple enzymes in a single MOF nanoparticle for operating incompatible tandem biocatalytic reaction in one pot. Additionally, we use nanoscale Fourier transform infrared (nano-FTIR) spectroscopy to resolve nanoscale heterogeneity of vibrational activity associated to enzymes encapsulated in multi-shelled MOFs. Furthermore, multi-shelled MOFs enable facile control of multi-enzyme positions according to specific tandem reaction routes, in which close positioning of enzyme-1-loaded and enzyme-2-loaded shells along the inner-to-outer shells could effectively facilitate mass transportation to promote efficient tandem biocatalytic reaction. This work is anticipated to shed new light on designing efficient multi-enzyme catalytic cascades to encourage applications in many chemical and pharmaceutical industrial processes. Mimicking multi-enzyme catalytic cascades in natural systems with spatial organization in confined structures is gaining increasing attention in the emerging field of systems chemistry. Here, the authors demonstrate that multi-shelled metal-organic frameworks can be used as a hierarchical scaffold to spatially organize enzymes on nanoscale to enhance cascade catalytic efficiency.
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19
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Biliškov N. Infrared spectroscopic monitoring of solid-state processes. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:19073-19120. [DOI: 10.1039/d2cp01458k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We put a spotlight on IR spectroscopic investigations in materials science by providing a critical insight into the state of the art, covering both fundamental aspects, examples of its utilisation, and current challenges and perspectives focusing on the solid state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikola Biliškov
- Rudjer Bošković Institute, Bijenička c. 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke St. West, Montreal, QC, H3A 0B8, Canada
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20
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Kim D, Lim J, Lee S, Soufiani AM, Choi E, Ievlev AV, Borodinov N, Liu Y, Ovchinnikova OS, Ahmadi M, Lim S, Sharma P, Seidel J, Noh JH, Yun JS. Microstructural Evaluation of Phase Instability in Large Bandgap Metal Halide Perovskites. ACS NANO 2021; 15:20391-20402. [PMID: 34846843 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.1c08726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The optoelectronic performance of organic-inorganic halide perovskite (OIHP)-based devices has been improved in recent years. Particularly, solar cells fabricated using mixed-cations and mixed-halides have outperformed their single-cation and single-halide counterparts. Yet, a systematic evaluation of the microstructural behavior of mixed perovskites is missing despite their known composition-dependent photoinstability. Here, we explore microstructural inhomogeneity in (FAPbI3)x(MAPbBr3)1-x using advanced scanning probe microscopy techniques. Contact potential difference (CPD) maps measured by Kelvin probe force microscopy show an increased fraction of grains exhibiting a low CPD with flat topography as MAPbBr3 concentration is increased. The higher portion of low CPD contributes to asymmetric CPD distribution curves. Chemical analysis reveals these grains being rich in MA, Pb, and I. The composition-dependent phase segregation upon illumination, reflected on the emergence of a low-energy peak emission in the original photoluminescence spectra, arises from the formation of such grains with flat topology. Bias-dependent piezo-response force microscopy measurements, in these grains, further confirm vigorous ion migration and cause a hysteretic piezo-response. Our results, therefore, provide insights into the microstructural evaluation of phase segregation and ion migration in OIHPs pointing toward process optimization as a mean to further enhance their optoelectronic performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dohyung Kim
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
- Joint Institute for Advanced Materials, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
| | - Jihoo Lim
- Australian Centre for Advanced Photovoltaics (ACAP), School of Photovoltaic and Renewable and Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Seungmin Lee
- School of Civil, Environmental and Architectural Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Arman Mahboubi Soufiani
- Australian Centre for Advanced Photovoltaics (ACAP), School of Photovoltaic and Renewable and Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Eunyoung Choi
- Australian Centre for Advanced Photovoltaics (ACAP), School of Photovoltaic and Renewable and Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Anton V Ievlev
- The Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Nikolay Borodinov
- The Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Yongtao Liu
- The Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Olga S Ovchinnikova
- Computational Sciences and Engineering Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37830, United States
| | - Mahshid Ahmadi
- Joint Institute for Advanced Materials, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
| | - Sean Lim
- Electron Microscope Unit, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Pankaj Sharma
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Jan Seidel
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Jun Hong Noh
- School of Civil, Environmental and Architectural Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Sung Yun
- Australian Centre for Advanced Photovoltaics (ACAP), School of Photovoltaic and Renewable and Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Advanced Technology Institute (ATI), University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, U.K
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21
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Doherty TAS, Nagane S, Kubicki DJ, Jung YK, Johnstone DN, Iqbal AN, Guo D, Frohna K, Danaie M, Tennyson EM, Macpherson S, Abfalterer A, Anaya M, Chiang YH, Crout P, Ruggeri FS, Collins S, Grey CP, Walsh A, Midgley PA, Stranks SD. Stabilized tilted-octahedra halide perovskites inhibit local formation of performance-limiting phases. Science 2021; 374:1598-1605. [PMID: 34941391 DOI: 10.1126/science.abl4890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
[Figure: see text].
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiarnan A S Doherty
- Department of Physics, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Satyawan Nagane
- Department of Physics, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Dominik J Kubicki
- Department of Physics, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.,Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Young-Kwang Jung
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Duncan N Johnstone
- Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Affan N Iqbal
- Department of Physics, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.,Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Dengyang Guo
- Department of Physics, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.,Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Kyle Frohna
- Department of Physics, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Mohsen Danaie
- Electron Physical Science Imaging Centre, Diamond Light Source Ltd., Didcot, UK.,Department of Materials, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Elizabeth M Tennyson
- Department of Physics, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Stuart Macpherson
- Department of Physics, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Anna Abfalterer
- Department of Physics, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Miguel Anaya
- Department of Physics, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.,Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Yu-Hsien Chiang
- Department of Physics, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Phillip Crout
- Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Francesco Simone Ruggeri
- Laboratories of Organic and Physical Chemistry, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Sean Collins
- School of Chemical and Process Engineering and School of Chemistry, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Clare P Grey
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Aron Walsh
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Materials, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Paul A Midgley
- Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Samuel D Stranks
- Department of Physics, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.,Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
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22
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Kosar S, Winchester AJ, Doherty TAS, Macpherson S, Petoukhoff CE, Frohna K, Anaya M, Chan NS, Madéo J, Man MKL, Stranks SD, Dani KM. Unraveling the varied nature and roles of defects in hybrid halide perovskites with time-resolved photoemission electron microscopy. ENERGY & ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE 2021; 14:6320-6328. [PMID: 35003331 PMCID: PMC8658252 DOI: 10.1039/d1ee02055b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
With rapidly growing photoconversion efficiencies, hybrid perovskite solar cells have emerged as promising contenders for next generation, low-cost photovoltaic technologies. Yet, the presence of nanoscale defect clusters, that form during the fabrication process, remains critical to overall device operation, including efficiency and long-term stability. To successfully deploy hybrid perovskites, we must understand the nature of the different types of defects, assess their potentially varied roles in device performance, and understand how they respond to passivation strategies. Here, by correlating photoemission and synchrotron-based scanning probe X-ray microscopies, we unveil three different types of defect clusters in state-of-the-art triple cation mixed halide perovskite thin films. Incorporating ultrafast time-resolution into our photoemission measurements, we show that defect clusters originating at grain boundaries are the most detrimental for photocarrier trapping, while lead iodide defect clusters are relatively benign. Hexagonal polytype defect clusters are only mildly detrimental individually, but can have a significant impact overall if abundant in occurrence. We also show that passivating defects with oxygen in the presence of light, a previously used approach to improve efficiency, has a varied impact on the different types of defects. Even with just mild oxygen treatment, the grain boundary defects are completely healed, while the lead iodide defects begin to show signs of chemical alteration. Our findings highlight the need for multi-pronged strategies tailored to selectively address the detrimental impact of the different defect types in hybrid perovskite solar cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofiia Kosar
- Femtosecond Spectroscopy Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University Onna Okinawa 904 0495 Japan
| | - Andrew J Winchester
- Femtosecond Spectroscopy Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University Onna Okinawa 904 0495 Japan
| | - Tiarnan A S Doherty
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue Cambridge CB3 0HE UK
| | - Stuart Macpherson
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue Cambridge CB3 0HE UK
| | - Christopher E Petoukhoff
- Femtosecond Spectroscopy Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University Onna Okinawa 904 0495 Japan
| | - Kyle Frohna
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue Cambridge CB3 0HE UK
| | - Miguel Anaya
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue Cambridge CB3 0HE UK
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Philippa Fawcett Drive Cambridge CB3 0AS UK
| | - Nicholas S Chan
- Femtosecond Spectroscopy Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University Onna Okinawa 904 0495 Japan
| | - Julien Madéo
- Femtosecond Spectroscopy Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University Onna Okinawa 904 0495 Japan
| | - Michael K L Man
- Femtosecond Spectroscopy Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University Onna Okinawa 904 0495 Japan
| | - Samuel D Stranks
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue Cambridge CB3 0HE UK
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Philippa Fawcett Drive Cambridge CB3 0AS UK
| | - Keshav M Dani
- Femtosecond Spectroscopy Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University Onna Okinawa 904 0495 Japan
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23
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Yun Y, Vidyasagar D, Lee M, Gong OY, Jung J, Jung H, Kim DH, Lee S. Intermediate Phase-Free Process for Methylammonium Lead Iodide Thin Film for High-Efficiency Perovskite Solar Cells. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2021; 8:e2102492. [PMID: 34533002 PMCID: PMC8564438 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202102492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2021] [Revised: 08/21/2021] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Solvent engineering by Lewis-base solvent and anti-solvent is well known for forming uniform and stable perovskite thin films. The perovskite phase crystallizes from an intermediate Lewis-adduct upon annealing-induced crystallization. Herein, it is explored the effects of trimethyl phosphate (TMP), as a novel aprotic Lewis-base solvent with a low donor number for the perovskite film formation and photovoltaic characteristics of perovskite solar cells (PSCs). As compared to dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) or dimethylformamide (DMF), the usage of TMP directly crystallizes the perovskite phase, i.e., reduces the intermediate phase to a negligible degree, right after the spin-coating, owing to the high miscibility of TMP with the anti-solvent and weak bonding in the Lewis adduct. Interestingly, the PSCs based on methylammonium lead iodide (MAPbI3 ) derived from TMP/DMF-mixed solvent exhibit a higher average power conversion efficiency of 19.68% (the best: 20.02%) with a smaller hysteresis in the current-voltage curve, compared to the PSCs that are fabricated using DMSO/DMF-mixed (19.14%) or DMF-only (18.55%) solvents. The superior photovoltaic properties are attributed to the lower defect density of the TMP/DMF-derived perovskite film. The results indicate that a high-performance PSC can be achieved by combining a weak Lewis base with a well-established solvent engineering process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeonghun Yun
- School of Materials Science and EngineeringKyungpook National UniversityDaegu41566Republic of Korea
| | - Devthade Vidyasagar
- School of Materials Science and EngineeringKyungpook National UniversityDaegu41566Republic of Korea
| | - Minho Lee
- School of Materials Science and EngineeringKyungpook National UniversityDaegu41566Republic of Korea
| | - Oh Yeong Gong
- School of Advanced Materials Science and EngineeringSungkyunkwan UniversitySuwon16419Republic of Korea
| | - Jina Jung
- School of Materials Science and EngineeringKyungpook National UniversityDaegu41566Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun‐Suk Jung
- School of Advanced Materials Science and EngineeringSungkyunkwan UniversitySuwon16419Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Hoe Kim
- Department of Nanotechnology & Advanced Materials EngineeringSejong UniversitySeoul05006Republic of Korea
- Department of Materials Science and EngineeringKorea University145 Anam‐ro, Seongbuk‐GuSeoul02841Republic of Korea
| | - Sangwook Lee
- School of Materials Science and EngineeringKyungpook National UniversityDaegu41566Republic of Korea
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24
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Liu D, Luo D, Iqbal AN, Orr KWP, Doherty TAS, Lu ZH, Stranks SD, Zhang W. Strain analysis and engineering in halide perovskite photovoltaics. NATURE MATERIALS 2021; 20:1337-1346. [PMID: 34531574 DOI: 10.1038/s41563-021-01097-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Halide perovskites are a compelling candidate for the next generation of clean-energy-harvesting technologies owing to their low cost, facile fabrication and outstanding semiconductor properties. However, photovoltaic device efficiencies are still below practical limits and long-term stability challenges hinder their practical application. Current evidence suggests that strain in halide perovskites is a key factor in dictating device efficiency and stability. Here we outline the fundamentals of strain within halide perovskites relevant to photovoltaic applications and rationalize approaches to characterize the phenomenon. We examine recent breakthroughs in eliminating the adverse impacts of strain, enhancing both device efficiencies and operational stabilities. Finally, we discuss further challenges and outline future research directions for placing stress and strain studies at the forefront of halide perovskite research. An extensive understanding of strain in halide perovskites is needed, which would allow effective strain management and drive further enhancements in efficiencies and stabilities of perovskite photovoltaics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongtao Liu
- Advanced Technology Institute, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK
| | - Deying Luo
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Affan N Iqbal
- Cavendish Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Kieran W P Orr
- Cavendish Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Tiarnan A S Doherty
- Cavendish Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Zheng-Hong Lu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Samuel D Stranks
- Cavendish Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
| | - Wei Zhang
- Advanced Technology Institute, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK.
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25
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Jakob DS, Li N, Zhou H, Xu XG. Integrated Tapping Mode Kelvin Probe Force Microscopy with Photoinduced Force Microscopy for Correlative Chemical and Surface Potential Mapping. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2021; 17:e2102495. [PMID: 34310045 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202102495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Revised: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Kelvin probe force microscopy (KPFM) is a popular technique for mapping the surface potential at the nanoscale through measurement of the Coulombic force between an atomic force microscopy (AFM) tip and sample. The lateral resolution of conventional KPFM variants is limited to between ≈35 and 100 nm in ambient conditions due to the long-range nature of the Coulombic force. In this article, a novel way of generating the Coulombic force in tapping mode KPFM without the need for an external AC driving voltage is presented. A field-effect transistor (FET) is used to directly switch the electrical connectivity of the tip and sample on and off periodically. The resulting Coulomb force induced by Fermi level alignment of the tip and sample results in a detectable change of the cantilever oscillation at the FET-switching frequency. The resulting FET-switched KPFM delivers a spatial resolution of ≈25 nm and inherits the high operational speed of the AFM tapping mode. Moreover, the FET-switched KPFM is integrated with photoinduced force microscopy (PiFM), enabling simultaneous acquisitions of high spatial resolution chemical distributions and surface potential maps. The integrated FET-switched KPFM with PiFM is expected to facilitate characterizations of nanoscale electrical properties of photoactive materials, semiconductors, and ferroelectric materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devon S Jakob
- Department of Chemistry, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA, 18015, USA
| | - Nengxu Li
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Huanping Zhou
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Xiaoji G Xu
- Department of Chemistry, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA, 18015, USA
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26
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Buyruk A, Blätte D, Günther M, Scheel MA, Hartmann NF, Döblinger M, Weis A, Hartschuh A, Müller-Buschbaum P, Bein T, Ameri T. 1,10-Phenanthroline as an Efficient Bifunctional Passivating Agent for MAPbI 3 Perovskite Solar Cells. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:32894-32905. [PMID: 34240843 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c05055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Passivation is one of the most promising concepts to heal defects created at the surface and grain boundaries of polycrystalline perovskite thin films, which significantly deteriorate the photovoltaic performance and stability of corresponding devices. Here, 1,10-phenanthroline, known as a bidentate chelating ligand, is implemented between the methylammonium lead iodide (MAPbI3) film and the hole-transport layer for both passivating the lead-based surface defects (undercoordinated lead ions) and converting the excess/unreacted lead iodide (PbI2) buried at interfaces, which is problematic for the long-term stability, into "neutralized" and beneficial species (PbI2(1,10-phen)x, x = 1, 2) for efficient hole transfer at the modified interface. The defect healing ability of 1,10-phenanthroline is verified with a set of complementary techniques including photoluminescence (steady-state and time-resolved), space-charge-limited current (SCLC) measurements, light intensity dependent JV measurements, and Fourier-transform photocurrent spectroscopy (FTPS). In addition to these analytical methods, we employ advanced X-ray scattering techniques, nano-Fourier transform infrared (nano-FTIR) spectroscopy, and high-angle annular dark-field scanning transmission electron microscopy (HAADF-STEM) to further analyze the structure and chemical composition at the perovskite surface after treatment at nanoscale spatial resolution. On the basis of our experimental results, we conclude that 1,10-phenanthroline treatment induces the formation of different morphologies with distinct chemical compositions on the surface of the perovskite film such that surface defects are effectively passivated, and excess/unreacted PbI2 is converted into beneficial complex species at the modified interface. As a result, an improved power conversion efficiency (20.16%) and significantly more stable unencapsulated perovskite solar cells are obtained with the 1,10-phenanthroline treatment compared to the MAPbI3 reference device (18.03%).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Buyruk
- Department of Chemistry and Center for NanoScience (CeNS), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Butenandtstrasse 5-13 (E), 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Dominic Blätte
- Department of Chemistry and Center for NanoScience (CeNS), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Butenandtstrasse 5-13 (E), 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Marcella Günther
- Department of Chemistry and Center for NanoScience (CeNS), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Butenandtstrasse 5-13 (E), 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Manuel A Scheel
- Lehrstuhl für Funktionelle Materialien, Physik-Department, Technische Universität München, James-Franck-Str. 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | | | - Markus Döblinger
- Department of Chemistry and Center for NanoScience (CeNS), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Butenandtstrasse 5-13 (E), 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Andreas Weis
- Department of Chemistry and Center for NanoScience (CeNS), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Butenandtstrasse 5-13 (E), 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Achim Hartschuh
- Department of Chemistry and Center for NanoScience (CeNS), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Butenandtstrasse 5-13 (E), 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Peter Müller-Buschbaum
- Lehrstuhl für Funktionelle Materialien, Physik-Department, Technische Universität München, James-Franck-Str. 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
- Heinz Maier-Leibnitz Zentrum (MLZ), Technische Universität München, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Thomas Bein
- Department of Chemistry and Center for NanoScience (CeNS), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Butenandtstrasse 5-13 (E), 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Tayebeh Ameri
- Department of Chemistry and Center for NanoScience (CeNS), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Butenandtstrasse 5-13 (E), 81377 Munich, Germany
- Institute for Materials and Processes, Chemical Engineering, University of Edinburgh, Sanderson Building, Robert Stevenson Road, EH9 3FB Edinburgh, U.K
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27
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Qin TX, You EM, Zhang MX, Zheng P, Huang XF, Ding SY, Mao BW, Tian ZQ. Quantification of electron accumulation at grain boundaries in perovskite polycrystalline films by correlative infrared-spectroscopic nanoimaging and Kelvin probe force microscopy. LIGHT, SCIENCE & APPLICATIONS 2021; 10:84. [PMID: 33859164 PMCID: PMC8050298 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-021-00524-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Revised: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Organic-inorganic halide perovskites are emerging materials for photovoltaic applications with certified power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) over 25%. Generally, the microstructures of the perovskite materials are critical to the performances of PCEs. However, the role of the nanometer-sized grain boundaries (GBs) that universally existing in polycrystalline perovskite films could be benign or detrimental to solar cell performance, still remains controversial. Thus, nanometer-resolved quantification of charge carrier distribution to elucidate the role of GBs is highly desirable. Here, we employ correlative infrared-spectroscopic nanoimaging by the scattering-type scanning near-field optical microscopy with 20 nm spatial resolution and Kelvin probe force microscopy to quantify the density of electrons accumulated at the GBs in perovskite polycrystalline thin films. It is found that the electron accumulations are enhanced at the GBs and the electron density is increased from 6 × 1019 cm-3 in the dark to 8 × 1019 cm-3 under 10 min illumination with 532 nm light. Our results reveal that the electron accumulations are enhanced at the GBs especially under light illumination, featuring downward band bending toward the GBs, which would assist in electron-hole separation and thus be benign to the solar cell performance. Correlative infrared-spectroscopic nanoimaging by the scattering-type scanning near-field optical microscopy and Kelvin probe force microscopy quantitatively reveal the accumulated electrons at GBs in perovskite polycrystalline thin films.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting-Xiao Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - En-Ming You
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Mao-Xin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Peng Zheng
- School of Aerospace Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Xiao-Feng Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Song-Yuan Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.
| | - Bing-Wei Mao
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.
| | - Zhong-Qun Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
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28
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He Y, Liang Y, Liang S, Harn YW, Li Z, Zhang M, Shen D, Li Z, Yan Y, Pang X, Lin Z. Dual-Protected Metal Halide Perovskite Nanosheets with an Enhanced Set of Stabilities. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:7259-7266. [PMID: 33393190 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202014983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Revised: 12/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Approaches to achieve stable perovskite nanocrystals (PNCs) of interest, in particular those with large structural anisotropy, through protective coating of the inorganic shell at a single-nanocrystal (NC) level are comparatively few and limited in scope. Reported here is a robust amphiphilic-diblock-copolymer-enabled strategy for crafting highly-stable anisotropic CsPbBr3 nanosheets (NSs) by in situ formation of a uniform inorganic shell (1st shielding) that is intimately ligated with hydrophobic polymers (2nd shielding). The dual-protected NSs display an array of remarkable stabilities (i.e., thermal, photostability, moisture, polar solvent, aliphatic amine, etc.) and find application in white-light-emitting diodes. In principle, by anchoring other multidentate amphiphilic polymer ligands on the surface of PNCs, followed by templated-growth of shell materials of interest, a rich variety of dual-shelled, multifunctional PNCs with markedly improved stabilities can be created for use in optics, optoelectronics, and sensory devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanjie He
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| | - Yachao Liang
- Henan Joint International Research Laboratory of Living Polymerizations and Functional Nanomaterials, Henan Key Laboratory of Advanced Nylon Materials and Application, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Shuang Liang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| | - Yeu-Wei Harn
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| | - Zili Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| | - Mingyue Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| | - Dingfeng Shen
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| | - Zhiwei Li
- Shenzhen Cloud Computing Center, National Supercomputing Center, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Yan Yan
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| | - Xinchang Pang
- Henan Joint International Research Laboratory of Living Polymerizations and Functional Nanomaterials, Henan Key Laboratory of Advanced Nylon Materials and Application, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Zhiqun Lin
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
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He Y, Liang Y, Liang S, Harn Y, Li Z, Zhang M, Shen D, Li Z, Yan Y, Pang X, Lin Z. Dual‐Protected Metal Halide Perovskite Nanosheets with an Enhanced Set of Stabilities. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202014983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yanjie He
- School of Materials Science and Engineering Georgia Institute of Technology Atlanta GA 30332 USA
| | - Yachao Liang
- Henan Joint International Research Laboratory of Living Polymerizations and Functional Nanomaterials Henan Key Laboratory of Advanced Nylon Materials and Application School of Materials Science and Engineering Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou 450001 China
| | - Shuang Liang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering Georgia Institute of Technology Atlanta GA 30332 USA
| | - Yeu‐Wei Harn
- School of Materials Science and Engineering Georgia Institute of Technology Atlanta GA 30332 USA
| | - Zili Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering Georgia Institute of Technology Atlanta GA 30332 USA
| | - Mingyue Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering Georgia Institute of Technology Atlanta GA 30332 USA
| | - Dingfeng Shen
- School of Materials Science and Engineering Georgia Institute of Technology Atlanta GA 30332 USA
| | - Zhiwei Li
- Shenzhen Cloud Computing Center National Supercomputing Center Shenzhen 518055 China
| | - Yan Yan
- School of Materials Science and Engineering Georgia Institute of Technology Atlanta GA 30332 USA
| | - Xinchang Pang
- Henan Joint International Research Laboratory of Living Polymerizations and Functional Nanomaterials Henan Key Laboratory of Advanced Nylon Materials and Application School of Materials Science and Engineering Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou 450001 China
| | - Zhiqun Lin
- School of Materials Science and Engineering Georgia Institute of Technology Atlanta GA 30332 USA
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30
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Ozório MS, Srikanth M, Besse R, Da Silva JLF. The role of the A-cations in the polymorphic stability and optoelectronic properties of lead-free ASnI 3 perovskites. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:2286-2297. [PMID: 33443529 DOI: 10.1039/d0cp06090a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Tin-based ASnI3 perovskites have been considered excellent candidates for lead-free perovskite solar cell applications; however, our atomistic understanding of the role of the A-cations, namely, CH3NH3 (methylammonium, MA), CH3PH3 (methylphosphonium, MP) and CH(NH2)2 (formamidinium, FA), in the physical chemistry properties is far from satisfactory. For the first time, we report a density functional theory investigation of the MPSnI3 perovskite and non-perovskite phases as well as their comparison with the MASnI3 and FASnI3 phases, where we considered the role of the A-cation orientations in the structural stability of the ASnI3 phases. The orthorhombic structure is the most stable studied phase, which agrees with experimentally reported phase-transition trends. In contrast with the cation size and the weak hydrogen bonding interactions, which contribute to structural cohesion between the inorganic framework and A-cation, the dipole-dipole interactions play an important role to drive the structures to the lowest energy configurations. From our analysis, the inorganic framework dominates the optical properties, band structure, and density of states around the band edges. Broader absorption and smaller band gap energies occur for the perovskite structures compared to the low-dimensional hexagonal/pseudo-hexagonal non-perovskites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mailde S Ozório
- São Carlos Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, PO Box 780, 13560-970, São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil.
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31
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Yun AJ, Kim J, Gil B, Woo H, Park K, Cho J, Park B. Incorporation of Lithium Fluoride Restraining Thermal Degradation and Photodegradation of Organometal Halide Perovskite Solar Cells. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:50418-50425. [PMID: 33119266 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c14218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Because of the facile formation of defects in organometal halide perovskites, the defect passivation has become an important prerequisite for the stable and efficient perovskite solar cell (PSC). Regarding that ionic defects of the perovskites play a significant role on the performance and stability of PSCs, we introduce lithium fluorides as effective passivators based on their strong ionic characteristics and small ionic radii. Both Li+ and F- are observed to successfully incorporate within the perovskite layer, improving the device performances with the best efficiency over 20%, while the hysteresis effects are significantly reduced, confirming the passivation of perovskite defects. Moreover, LiF restrains both thermal degradation and photodegradation of PSCs, where over 90% of the initial efficiencies have been retained by LiF-incorporated devices for more than 1000 h under either 1 sun illumination or 85 °C thermal condition. As the trap density of states is analyzed before and after the thermal stress, not only the mitigation of electronic traps as fabricated but also the dramatic relaxation of traps during the postannealing step is observed with the LiF incorporation. From this work, LiF has shown its potential as a promising ionic passivator, and the phenomenal achievement of device stability by LiF provides a clear insight to overcome the stability issues of PSCs, a key to the commercialization of next-generation photovoltaics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan Jiwan Yun
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Research Institute of Advanced Materials, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Jinhyun Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Research Institute of Advanced Materials, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Bumjin Gil
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Research Institute of Advanced Materials, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Hyungsub Woo
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Research Institute of Advanced Materials, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Kimin Park
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Research Institute of Advanced Materials, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Jaemin Cho
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Research Institute of Advanced Materials, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Byungwoo Park
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Research Institute of Advanced Materials, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
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32
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Gil B, Kim J, Yun AJ, Park K, Cho J, Park M, Park B. CuCrO 2 Nanoparticles Incorporated into PTAA as a Hole Transport Layer for 85 °C and Light Stabilities in Perovskite Solar Cells. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 10:E1669. [PMID: 32858913 PMCID: PMC7558584 DOI: 10.3390/nano10091669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2020] [Revised: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
High-mobility inorganic CuCrO2 nanoparticles are co-utilized with conventional poly(bis(4-phenyl)(2,5,6-trimethylphenyl)amine) (PTAA) as a hole transport layer (HTL) for perovskite solar cells to improve device performance and long-term stability. Even though CuCrO2 nanoparticles can be readily synthesized by hydrothermal reaction, it is difficult to form a uniform HTL with CuCrO2 alone due to the severe agglomeration of nanoparticles. Herein, both CuCrO2 nanoparticles and PTAA are sequentially deposited on perovskite by a simple spin-coating process, forming uniform HTL with excellent coverage. Due to the presence of high-mobility CuCrO2 nanoparticles, CuCrO2/PTAA HTL demonstrates better carrier extraction and transport. A reduction in trap density is also observed by trap-filled limited voltages and capacitance analyses. Incorporation of stable CuCrO2 also contributes to the improved device stability under heat and light. Encapsulated perovskite solar cells with CuCrO2/PTAA HTL retain their efficiency over 90% after ~900-h storage in 85 °C/85% relative humidity and under continuous 1-sun illumination at maximum-power point.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bumjin Gil
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Research Institute of Advanced Materials, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Jinhyun Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Research Institute of Advanced Materials, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Alan Jiwan Yun
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Research Institute of Advanced Materials, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Kimin Park
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Research Institute of Advanced Materials, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Jaemin Cho
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Research Institute of Advanced Materials, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Minjun Park
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan 44919, Korea
| | - Byungwoo Park
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Research Institute of Advanced Materials, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
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33
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Strong Linear Correlation between CH 3NH 2 Molecular Defect and THz-Wave Absorption in CH 3NH 3PbI 3 Hybrid Perovskite Thin Film. NANOMATERIALS 2020; 10:nano10040721. [PMID: 32290303 PMCID: PMC7221770 DOI: 10.3390/nano10040721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Revised: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
To control the density of a CH3NH2 molecular defect, which strongly contributed to a significant THz-wave absorption property in the CH3NH3PbI3 hybrid perovskite thin film formed by the sequential vacuum evaporation method, we performed post-annealing processes with various temperatures and times. In the thin film after post-annealing at 110 °C for 45 min, the density of the CH3NH2 molecular defect was minimized, and CH3NH3I and PbI2 disappeared in the thin film after the post-annealing process at 150 °C for 30 min. However, the density of the CH3NH2 molecular defect increased. Moreover, the THz-wave absorption property for each thin film was obtained using a THz time-domain spectroscopy to understand the correlation between the density of a molecular defect and the THz-wave oscillation strength at 1.6 THz, which originated in the molecular defect-incorporated hybrid perovskite structure. There is a strong linear correlation between the oscillator strength of a significant THz-wave absorption at 1.6 THz and the CH3NH2 molecular defect density.
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