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Ihara Y, Kato H, Sunakawa A, Murakami K, Minoura A, Hirano K, Watanabe Y, Yoshida M, Kokaze A, Ito Y. Comparison of Two Types of Electrodes for Measuring Submental Muscle Activity During Swallowing. Cureus 2024; 16:e59726. [PMID: 38841025 PMCID: PMC11151711 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.59726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aimed to investigate the potential of a newly developed small electrode to accurately record muscle activity during swallowing. MATERIAL AND METHODS This study included 31 healthy participants. The participants underwent swallowing trials with three types of material. The recordings involved the following conditions: 1) swallowing saliva, 2) swallowing 3 mL water, and 3) swallowing 5 mL water. Two types of electrodes, a conventional electrode (CE) and a newly developed small electrode (NE), were symmetrically positioned on the skin over the suprahyoid muscle group, starting from the center. From the surface electromyography data, the swallowing duration (s), peak amplitude, and rising time (duration from swallowing onset to peak amplitude: s) were measured. Additionally, the equivalence of characteristics of the waveform of muscle activities was calculated by using the variance in both the upper and lower confidence limits in duration and rising time. RESULTS No significant differences in baseline, swallowing duration or rising time between the CE and NE were observed for any swallowing material. The peak amplitude was significantly higher for the NE than for the CE for all swallowing materials. The CE and NE displayed no significant difference in the equivalence of characteristics of the waveform of muscle activities for any swallowing material. CONCLUSIONS The gold-plated small electrodes utilized in this study indicated the ability to record the same characteristics of muscle activity as conventional electrodes. Moreover, it was able to capture the muscle activity of each muscle group with improved sensitivity in a narrow area, such as under the submandibular region, with more precision than that of conventional electrodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiaki Ihara
- Department of Oral Health Management, Division of Oral Functional Rehabilitation Medicine, Showa University School of Dentistry, Tokyo, JPN
| | - Hirotaka Kato
- Department of Oral Rehabilitation Medicine, Showa University Graduate School of Dentistry, Tokyo, JPN
| | - Atsumi Sunakawa
- Department of Oral Rehabilitation Medicine, Showa University Graduate School of Dentistry, Tokyo, JPN
| | - Kouzou Murakami
- Department of Radiology, Division of Radiation Oncology, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo, JPN
| | - Akira Minoura
- Department of Hygiene, Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo, JPN
| | - Kojiro Hirano
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo, JPN
| | - Yoshio Watanabe
- Department of Medicine, Division of Respiratory Medicine and Allergology, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo, JPN
| | - Masaki Yoshida
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Osaka Electro-Communication University, Osaka, JPN
| | - Akatsuki Kokaze
- Department of Hygiene, Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo, JPN
| | - Yoshinori Ito
- Department of Radiology, Division of Radiation Oncology, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo, JPN
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Shinn EH, Garden AS, Peterson SK, Leupi DJ, Chen M, Blau R, Becerra L, Rafeedi T, Ramirez J, Rodriquez D, VanFossen F, Zehner S, Mercier PP, Wang J, Hutcheson K, Hanna E, Lipomi DJ. Iterative Patient Testing of a Stimuli-Responsive Swallowing Activity Sensor to Promote Extended User Engagement During the First Year After Radiation: Multiphase Remote and In-Person Observational Cohort Study. JMIR Cancer 2024; 10:e47359. [PMID: 38416544 PMCID: PMC10938225 DOI: 10.2196/47359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/29/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Frequent sensor-assisted monitoring of changes in swallowing function may help improve detection of radiation-associated dysphagia before it becomes permanent. While our group has prototyped an epidermal strain/surface electromyography sensor that can detect minute changes in swallowing muscle movement, it is unknown whether patients with head and neck cancer would be willing to wear such a device at home after radiation for several months. OBJECTIVE We iteratively assessed patients' design preferences and perceived barriers to long-term use of the prototype sensor. METHODS In study 1 (questionnaire only), survivors of pharyngeal cancer who were 3-5 years post treatment and part of a larger prospective study were asked their design preferences for a hypothetical throat sensor and rated their willingness to use the sensor at home during the first year after radiation. In studies 2 and 3 (iterative user testing), patients with and survivors of head and neck cancer attending visits at MD Anderson's Head and Neck Cancer Center were recruited for two rounds of on-throat testing with prototype sensors while completing a series of swallowing tasks. Afterward, participants were asked about their willingness to use the sensor during the first year post radiation. In study 2, patients also rated the sensor's ease of use and comfort, whereas in study 3, preferences were elicited regarding haptic feedback. RESULTS The majority of respondents in study 1 (116/138, 84%) were willing to wear the sensor 9 months after radiation, and participant willingness rates were similar in studies 2 (10/14, 71.4%) and 3 (12/14, 85.7%). The most prevalent reasons for participants' unwillingness to wear the sensor were 9 months being excessive, unwanted increase in responsibility, and feeling self-conscious. Across all three studies, the sensor's ability to detect developing dysphagia increased willingness the most compared to its appearance and ability to increase adherence to preventive speech pathology exercises. Direct haptic signaling was also rated highly, especially to indicate correct sensor placement and swallowing exercise performance. CONCLUSIONS Patients and survivors were receptive to the idea of wearing a personalized risk sensor for an extended period during the first year after radiation, although this may have been limited to well-educated non-Hispanic participants. A significant minority of patients expressed concern with various aspects of the sensor's burden and its appearance. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03010150; https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT03010150.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eileen H Shinn
- Department of Behavioral Science, University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Adam S Garden
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Susan K Peterson
- Department of Behavioral Science, University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Dylan J Leupi
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, College of Science, University of Notre Dame, South Bend, IN, United States
| | - Minxing Chen
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Rachel Blau
- Department of Nano and Chemical Engineering, University of California, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Laura Becerra
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Tarek Rafeedi
- Department of Nano and Chemical Engineering, University of California, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Julian Ramirez
- Department of Nano and Chemical Engineering, University of California, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Daniel Rodriquez
- Department of Nano and Chemical Engineering, University of California, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Finley VanFossen
- Department of Behavioral Science, University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Sydney Zehner
- Department of Behavioral Science, University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Patrick P Mercier
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Joseph Wang
- Department of Nano and Chemical Engineering, University of California, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Kate Hutcheson
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Ehab Hanna
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Darren J Lipomi
- Department of Nano and Chemical Engineering, University of California, San Diego, CA, United States
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3
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Xu C, Solomon SA, Gao W. Artificial Intelligence-Powered Electronic Skin. NAT MACH INTELL 2023; 5:1344-1355. [PMID: 38370145 PMCID: PMC10868719 DOI: 10.1038/s42256-023-00760-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
Skin-interfaced electronics is gradually changing medical practices by enabling continuous and noninvasive tracking of physiological and biochemical information. With the rise of big data and digital medicine, next-generation electronic skin (e-skin) will be able to use artificial intelligence (AI) to optimize its design as well as uncover user-personalized health profiles. Recent multimodal e-skin platforms have already employed machine learning (ML) algorithms for autonomous data analytics. Unfortunately, there is a lack of appropriate AI protocols and guidelines for e-skin devices, resulting in overly complex models and non-reproducible conclusions for simple applications. This review aims to present AI technologies in e-skin hardware and assess their potential for new inspired integrated platform solutions. We outline recent breakthroughs in AI strategies and their applications in engineering e-skins as well as understanding health information collected by e-skins, highlighting the transformative deployment of AI in robotics, prosthetics, virtual reality, and personalized healthcare. We also discuss the challenges and prospects of AI-powered e-skins as well as predictions for the future trajectory of smart e-skins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changhao Xu
- Andrew and Peggy Cherng Department of Medical Engineering, Division of Engineering and Applied Science, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Samuel A. Solomon
- Andrew and Peggy Cherng Department of Medical Engineering, Division of Engineering and Applied Science, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Wei Gao
- Andrew and Peggy Cherng Department of Medical Engineering, Division of Engineering and Applied Science, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
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Xu H, Zheng W, Zhang Y, Zhao D, Wang L, Zhao Y, Wang W, Yuan Y, Zhang J, Huo Z, Wang Y, Zhao N, Qin Y, Liu K, Xi R, Chen G, Zhang H, Tang C, Yan J, Ge Q, Cheng H, Lu Y, Gao L. A fully integrated, standalone stretchable device platform with in-sensor adaptive machine learning for rehabilitation. Nat Commun 2023; 14:7769. [PMID: 38012169 PMCID: PMC10682047 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-43664-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Post-surgical treatments of the human throat often require continuous monitoring of diverse vital and muscle activities. However, wireless, continuous monitoring and analysis of these activities directly from the throat skin have not been developed. Here, we report the design and validation of a fully integrated standalone stretchable device platform that provides wireless measurements and machine learning-based analysis of diverse vibrations and muscle electrical activities from the throat. We demonstrate that the modified composite hydrogel with low contact impedance and reduced adhesion provides high-quality long-term monitoring of local muscle electrical signals. We show that the integrated triaxial broad-band accelerometer also measures large body movements and subtle physiological activities/vibrations. We find that the combined data processed by a 2D-like sequential feature extractor with fully connected neurons facilitates the classification of various motion/speech features at a high accuracy of over 90%, which adapts to the data with noise from motion artifacts or the data from new human subjects. The resulting standalone stretchable device with wireless monitoring and machine learning-based processing capabilities paves the way to design and apply wearable skin-interfaced systems for the remote monitoring and treatment evaluation of various diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongcheng Xu
- School of Mechano-Electronic Engineering, Xidian University, Xian, 710071, China
| | - Weihao Zheng
- School of Mechano-Electronic Engineering, Xidian University, Xian, 710071, China
| | - Yang Zhang
- Department of Medical Electronics, School of Biomedical Engineering, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Daqing Zhao
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Lu Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Yunlong Zhao
- Pen-Tung Sah Institute of Micro-Nano Science and Technology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Weidong Wang
- School of Mechano-Electronic Engineering, Xidian University, Xian, 710071, China.
| | - Yangbo Yuan
- School of Mechano-Electronic Engineering, Xidian University, Xian, 710071, China
| | - Ji Zhang
- School of Mechano-Electronic Engineering, Xidian University, Xian, 710071, China
| | - Zimin Huo
- School of Mechano-Electronic Engineering, Xidian University, Xian, 710071, China
| | - Yuejiao Wang
- Applied Mechanics Laboratory, Department of Engineering Mechanics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Ningjuan Zhao
- School of Mechano-Electronic Engineering, Xidian University, Xian, 710071, China
| | - Yuxin Qin
- School of Mechano-Electronic Engineering, Xidian University, Xian, 710071, China
| | - Ke Liu
- School of Mechano-Electronic Engineering, Xidian University, Xian, 710071, China
| | - Ruida Xi
- School of Mechano-Electronic Engineering, Xidian University, Xian, 710071, China
| | - Gang Chen
- School of Mechano-Electronic Engineering, Xidian University, Xian, 710071, China
| | - Haiyan Zhang
- School of Mechano-Electronic Engineering, Xidian University, Xian, 710071, China
| | - Chu Tang
- Engineering Research Center of Molecular and Neuro Imaging, Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710126, China
| | - Junyu Yan
- School of Mechano-Electronic Engineering, Xidian University, Xian, 710071, China
| | - Qi Ge
- Department of Mechanical and Energy Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Huanyu Cheng
- Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA.
| | - Yang Lu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, 999077, Hong Kong SAR.
| | - Libo Gao
- Pen-Tung Sah Institute of Micro-Nano Science and Technology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China.
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5
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Zhang D, Chen Z, Xiao L, Zhu B, Wu R, Ou C, Ma Y, Xie L, Jiang H. Stretchable and durable HD-sEMG electrodes for accurate recognition of swallowing activities on complex epidermal surfaces. MICROSYSTEMS & NANOENGINEERING 2023; 9:115. [PMID: 37731914 PMCID: PMC10507084 DOI: 10.1038/s41378-023-00591-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023]
Abstract
Surface electromyography (sEMG) is widely used in monitoring human health. Nonetheless, it is challenging to capture high-fidelity sEMG recordings in regions with intricate curved surfaces such as the larynx, because regular sEMG electrodes have stiff structures. In this study, we developed a stretchable, high-density sEMG electrode array via layer-by-layer printing and lamination. The electrode offered a series of excellent human‒machine interface features, including conformal adhesion to the skin, high electron-to-ion conductivity (and thus lower contact impedance), prolonged environmental adaptability to resist water evaporation, and epidermal biocompatibility. This made the electrode more appropriate than commercial electrodes for long-term wearable, high-fidelity sEMG recording devices at complicated skin interfaces. Systematic in vivo studies were used to investigate its ability to classify swallowing activities, which was accomplished with high accuracy by decoding the sEMG signals from the chin via integration with an ear-mounted wearable system and machine learning algorithms. The results demonstrated the clinical feasibility of the system for noninvasive and comfortable recognition of swallowing motions for comfortable dysphagia rehabilitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ding Zhang
- Shien-Ming Wu School of Intelligent Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 511442 P. R. China
| | - Zhitao Chen
- Shien-Ming Wu School of Intelligent Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 511442 P. R. China
| | - Longya Xiao
- Shien-Ming Wu School of Intelligent Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 511442 P. R. China
| | - Beichen Zhu
- Shien-Ming Wu School of Intelligent Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 511442 P. R. China
| | - RuoXuan Wu
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 511442 P. R. China
| | - ChengJian Ou
- Shien-Ming Wu School of Intelligent Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 511442 P. R. China
| | - Yi Ma
- Shien-Ming Wu School of Intelligent Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 511442 P. R. China
| | - Longhan Xie
- Shien-Ming Wu School of Intelligent Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 511442 P. R. China
| | - Hongjie Jiang
- Shien-Ming Wu School of Intelligent Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 511442 P. R. China
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6
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Baruah RK, Yoo H, Lee EK. Interconnection Technologies for Flexible Electronics: Materials, Fabrications, and Applications. MICROMACHINES 2023; 14:1131. [PMID: 37374716 DOI: 10.3390/mi14061131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2023] [Revised: 05/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
Flexible electronic devices require metal interconnects to facilitate the flow of electrical signals among the device components, ensuring its proper functionality. There are multiple factors to consider when designing metal interconnects for flexible electronics, including their conductivity, flexibility, reliability, and cost. This article provides an overview of recent endeavors to create flexible electronic devices through different metal interconnect approaches, with a focus on materials and structural aspects. Additionally, the article discusses emerging flexible applications, such as e-textiles and flexible batteries, as essential considerations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ratul Kumar Baruah
- Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Tezpur University, Assam 784028, India
| | - Hocheon Yoo
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Gachon University, Seongnam 13120, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Kwang Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea
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7
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Liu T, Liu L, Gou GY, Fang Z, Sun J, Chen J, Cheng J, Han M, Ma T, Liu C, Xue N. Recent Advancements in Physiological, Biochemical, and Multimodal Sensors Based on Flexible Substrates: Strategies, Technologies, and Integrations. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:21721-21745. [PMID: 37098855 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c02690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Flexible wearable devices have been widely used in biomedical applications, the Internet of Things, and other fields, attracting the attention of many researchers. The physiological and biochemical information on the human body reflects various health states, providing essential data for human health examination and personalized medical treatment. Meanwhile, physiological and biochemical information reveals the moving state and position of the human body, and it is the data basis for realizing human-computer interactions. Flexible wearable physiological and biochemical sensors provide real-time, human-friendly monitoring because of their light weight, wearability, and high flexibility. This paper reviews the latest advancements, strategies, and technologies of flexibly wearable physiological and biochemical sensors (pressure, strain, humidity, saliva, sweat, and tears). Next, we systematically summarize the integration principles of flexible physiological and biochemical sensors with the current research progress. Finally, important directions and challenges of physiological, biochemical, and multimodal sensors are proposed to realize their potential applications for human movement, health monitoring, and personalized medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiezhu Liu
- School of Electronic, Electrical, and Communication Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100094, China
| | - Lidan Liu
- Zhucheng Jiayue Central Hospital, Shandong 262200, China
| | - Guang-Yang Gou
- School of Electronic, Electrical, and Communication Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100094, China
| | - Zhen Fang
- School of Electronic, Electrical, and Communication Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100094, China
- Personalized Management of Chronic Respiratory Disease, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Jianhai Sun
- School of Electronic, Electrical, and Communication Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100094, China
| | - Jiamin Chen
- School of Electronic, Electrical, and Communication Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100094, China
| | - Jianqun Cheng
- School of Integrated Circuit, Quanzhou University of Information Engineering, Quanzhou, Fujian 362000, China
| | - Mengdi Han
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Future Technology, Peking University, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Tianjun Ma
- School of Electronic, Electrical, and Communication Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100094, China
| | - Chunxiu Liu
- School of Electronic, Electrical, and Communication Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100094, China
- Personalized Management of Chronic Respiratory Disease, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Ning Xue
- School of Electronic, Electrical, and Communication Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100094, China
- Personalized Management of Chronic Respiratory Disease, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
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8
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Lu T, Ji S, Jin W, Yang Q, Luo Q, Ren TL. Biocompatible and Long-Term Monitoring Strategies of Wearable, Ingestible and Implantable Biosensors: Reform the Next Generation Healthcare. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 23:2991. [PMID: 36991702 PMCID: PMC10054135 DOI: 10.3390/s23062991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Revised: 12/31/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Sensors enable the detection of physiological indicators and pathological markers to assist in the diagnosis, treatment, and long-term monitoring of diseases, in addition to playing an essential role in the observation and evaluation of physiological activities. The development of modern medical activities cannot be separated from the precise detection, reliable acquisition, and intelligent analysis of human body information. Therefore, sensors have become the core of new-generation health technologies along with the Internet of Things (IoTs) and artificial intelligence (AI). Previous research on the sensing of human information has conferred many superior properties on sensors, of which biocompatibility is one of the most important. Recently, biocompatible biosensors have developed rapidly to provide the possibility for the long-term and in-situ monitoring of physiological information. In this review, we summarize the ideal features and engineering realization strategies of three different types of biocompatible biosensors, including wearable, ingestible, and implantable sensors from the level of sensor designing and application. Additionally, the detection targets of the biosensors are further divided into vital life parameters (e.g., body temperature, heart rate, blood pressure, and respiratory rate), biochemical indicators, as well as physical and physiological parameters based on the clinical needs. In this review, starting from the emerging concept of next-generation diagnostics and healthcare technologies, we discuss how biocompatible sensors revolutionize the state-of-art healthcare system unprecedentedly, as well as the challenges and opportunities faced in the future development of biocompatible health sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian Lu
- School of Integrated Circuit and Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology (BNRist), Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Shourui Ji
- School of Integrated Circuit and Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology (BNRist), Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Weiqiu Jin
- Shanghai Lung Cancer Center, Shanghai Chest Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Qisheng Yang
- School of Integrated Circuit and Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology (BNRist), Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Qingquan Luo
- Shanghai Lung Cancer Center, Shanghai Chest Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Tian-Ling Ren
- School of Integrated Circuit and Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology (BNRist), Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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9
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Alfano LN, James MK, Ramdharry GM, Lowes LP. 266th ENMC International Workshop: Remote delivery of clinical care and validation of remote clinical outcome assessments in neuromuscular disorders: A response to COVID-19 and proactive planning for the future. Hoofddorp, The Netherlands, 1-3 April 2022. Neuromuscul Disord 2023; 33:339-348. [PMID: 36965197 DOI: 10.1016/j.nmd.2023.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lindsay N Alfano
- The Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Center for Gene Therapy, Columbus, OH, United States; The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Columbus, OH, United States.
| | - Meredith K James
- The John Walton Muscular Dystrophy Research Centre, Newcastle University and Newcastle Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle Upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Gita M Ramdharry
- Queen Square Centre for Neuromuscular Diseases, National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, University College London Hospitals NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom; Department of Neuromuscular Diseases, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, United Kingdom
| | - Linda P Lowes
- The Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Center for Gene Therapy, Columbus, OH, United States; The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Columbus, OH, United States
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10
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Aziz S, Ali J, Bhandari KS, Chen W, Li S, Jung DW. Reverse Offset Printed, Biocompatible Temperature Sensor Based on Dark Muscovado. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 22:8726. [PMID: 36433321 PMCID: PMC9695939 DOI: 10.3390/s22228726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
A reverse-offset printed temperature sensor based on interdigitated electrodes (IDTs) has been investigated in this study. Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were printed on a glass slide in an IDT pattern by reverse-offset printer. The sensing layer consisted of a sucrose film obtained by spin coating the sucrose solution on the IDTs. The temperature sensor demonstrated a negative temperature coefficient (NTC) with an exponential decrease in resistance as the temperature increased. This trend is the characteristic of a NTC thermistor. There is an overall change of ~2800 kΩ for the temperature change of 0 °C to 100 °C. The thermistor is based on a unique temperature sensor using a naturally occurring biocompatible material, i.e., sucrose. The active sensing material of the thermistor, i.e., sucrose used in the experiments was obtained from extract of Muscovado. Our temperature sensor has potential in the biomedical and food industries where environmentally friendly and biocompatible materials are more suitable for sensing accurately and reliably.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahid Aziz
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Jeju National University, 102 Jejudaehakro, Jeju-si 63294, Korea
| | - Junaid Ali
- Optoelectronics Research Laboratory (OERL), Department of Physics, COMSATS University Islamabad, Islamabad 45500, Pakistan
| | - Krishna Singh Bhandari
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Jeju National University, 102 Jejudaehakro, Jeju-si 63294, Korea
| | - Wenning Chen
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Jeju National University, 102 Jejudaehakro, Jeju-si 63294, Korea
| | - Sijia Li
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Jeju National University, 102 Jejudaehakro, Jeju-si 63294, Korea
| | - Dong Won Jung
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Jeju National University, 102 Jejudaehakro, Jeju-si 63294, Korea
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11
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Murakami C, Sasaki M, Shimoda S, Tamada Y. Quantification of the Swallowing Mechanism Through Muscle Synergy Analysis. Dysphagia 2022; 38:973-989. [PMID: 36149515 DOI: 10.1007/s00455-022-10523-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Decreased swallowing function increases the risk of choking and aspiration pneumonia. Videofluoroscopy and computed tomography allow for detailed observation of the swallowing movements but have radiation risks. Therefore, we developed a method using surface electromyography (sEMG) to noninvasively assess swallowing function without radiation exposure. A 44-channel flexible sEMG sensor was used to measure the sEMG signals of the hyoid muscles during swallowing in 14 healthy young adult and 14 elderly subjects. Muscle synergy analysis was performed to extract the muscle synergies from the sEMG signals, and the three synergies were extracted from the hyoid muscle activities during the swallowing experiments. The experimental results showed that the three synergies represent the oral, early pharyngeal, and late pharyngeal swallowing phases and that swallowing strength is tuned by the strength of the muscle activities, whereas swallowing volume is controlled by adjusting muscle activation timing. In addition, the timing of the swallowing reflex is slower in elderly individuals. The results confirm that the proposed approach successfully quantifies swallowing function from sEMG signals, mapping the signals to the swallowing phases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiaki Murakami
- Division of Biorobotics, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Iwate University, 4-3-5 Ueda, Morioka, Iwate, 020-8551, Japan
| | - Makoto Sasaki
- Division of Biorobotics, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Iwate University, 4-3-5 Ueda, Morioka, Iwate, 020-8551, Japan.
| | - Shingo Shimoda
- Intelligent Behavior Control Unit, RIKEN CBS-Toyota Collaboration Center, 2271-130 Anagahora, Shimoshidami, Moriyama-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 463-0003, Japan
| | - Yasushi Tamada
- Department of Dysphagia Rehabilitation and Department of Special Care Dentistry, Nagasaki University Hospital, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki, Nagasaki, 852-8102, Japan
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12
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Kang YJ, Arafa HM, Yoo JY, Kantarcigil C, Kim JT, Jeong H, Yoo S, Oh S, Kim J, Wu C, Tzavelis A, Wu Y, Kwon K, Winograd J, Xu S, Martin-Harris B, Rogers JA. Soft skin-interfaced mechano-acoustic sensors for real-time monitoring and patient feedback on respiratory and swallowing biomechanics. NPJ Digit Med 2022; 5:147. [PMID: 36123384 PMCID: PMC9485153 DOI: 10.1038/s41746-022-00691-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Swallowing is a complex neuromuscular activity regulated by the autonomic nervous system. Millions of adults suffer from dysphagia (impaired or difficulty swallowing), including patients with neurological disorders, head and neck cancer, gastrointestinal diseases, and respiratory disorders. Therapeutic treatments for dysphagia include interventions by speech-language pathologists designed to improve the physiology of the swallowing mechanism by training patients to initiate swallows with sufficient frequency and during the expiratory phase of the breathing cycle. These therapeutic treatments require bulky, expensive equipment to synchronously record swallows and respirations, confined to use in clinical settings. This paper introduces a wireless, wearable technology that enables continuous, mechanoacoustic tracking of respiratory activities and swallows through movements and vibratory processes monitored at the skin surface. Validation studies in healthy adults (n = 67) and patients with dysphagia (n = 4) establish measurement equivalency to existing clinical standard equipment. Additional studies using a differential mode of operation reveal similar performance even during routine daily activities and vigorous exercise. A graphical user interface with real-time data analytics and a separate, optional wireless module support both visual and haptic forms of feedback to facilitate the treatment of patients with dysphagia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youn J Kang
- Querrey-Simpson Institute for Bioelectronics, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
- Department of Ocean System Engineering, Jeju National University, Jeju, Republic of Korea
| | - Hany M Arafa
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Jae-Young Yoo
- Querrey-Simpson Institute for Bioelectronics, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Cagla Kantarcigil
- Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Jin-Tae Kim
- Querrey-Simpson Institute for Bioelectronics, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Hyoyoung Jeong
- Querrey-Simpson Institute for Bioelectronics, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Seonggwang Yoo
- Querrey-Simpson Institute for Bioelectronics, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Seyong Oh
- Querrey-Simpson Institute for Bioelectronics, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Joohee Kim
- Querrey-Simpson Institute for Bioelectronics, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Changsheng Wu
- Querrey-Simpson Institute for Bioelectronics, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117575, Singapore
- Institute for Health Innovation and Technology, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117599, Singapore
| | - Andreas Tzavelis
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Yunyun Wu
- Querrey-Simpson Institute for Bioelectronics, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Kyeongha Kwon
- Querrey-Simpson Institute for Bioelectronics, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
- School of Electrical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Joshua Winograd
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Shuai Xu
- Querrey-Simpson Institute for Bioelectronics, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
- Department of Dermatology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Bonnie Martin-Harris
- Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA.
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery and Radiation Oncology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA.
| | - John A Rogers
- Querrey-Simpson Institute for Bioelectronics, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA.
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA.
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA.
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13
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Wu H, Huang Y, Yin Z. Flexible hybrid electronics: Enabling integration techniques and applications. SCIENCE CHINA. TECHNOLOGICAL SCIENCES 2022; 65:1995-2006. [PMID: 35892001 PMCID: PMC9302228 DOI: 10.1007/s11431-022-2074-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The conventional electronic systems enabled by rigid electronic are prone to malfunction under deformation, greatly limiting their application prospects. As an emerging platform for applications in healthcare monitoring and human-machine interface (HMI), flexible electronics have attracted growing attention due to its remarkable advantages, such as stretchability, flexibility, conformability, and wearing comfort. However, to realize the overall electronic systems, rigid components are also required for functions such as signal acquisition and transmission. Therefore, flexible hybrid electronics (FHE), which simultaneously possesses the desirable flexibility and enables the integration of rigid components for functionality, has been emerging as a promising strategy. This paper reviews the enabling integration techniques for FHE, including technologies for two-dimensional/three-dimensional (2D/3D) interconnects, bonding of rigid integrated circuit (IC) chips to soft substrate, stress-isolation structures, and representative applications of FHE. In addition, future challenges and opportunities involved in FHE-based systems are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Wu
- Flexible Electronics Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Digital Manufacturing Equipment and Technology, School of Mechanical Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074 China
| | - YongAn Huang
- Flexible Electronics Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Digital Manufacturing Equipment and Technology, School of Mechanical Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074 China
| | - ZhouPing Yin
- Flexible Electronics Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Digital Manufacturing Equipment and Technology, School of Mechanical Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074 China
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Reverberi C, Gottardo G, Battel I, Castagnetti E. The neurogenic dysphagia management via telemedicine: a systematic review. Eur J Phys Rehabil Med 2022; 58:179-189. [PMID: 34605620 PMCID: PMC9980496 DOI: 10.23736/s1973-9087.21.06921-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Telerehabilitation is the provision of rehabilitation remotely through Information and Communication Technologies (ICT). Recently, there has been an increase of interest in its application thanks to increasing a new technology. The aim of this systematic review was to examine the evidence of the literature regarding the management of neurogenic dysphagia via telerehabilitation, compared to face-to-face rehabilitation treatment. The secondary aim was to create recommendations on telerehabilitation sessions for patients diagnosed with neurogenic dysphagia. EVIDENCE ACQUISITION The databases were: Medline, Embase, CINAHL, Scopus. A total of 235 records emerged from bibliographic research, manual search of full text and from gray literature, published until January 2021. Two blinded authors carried out titles and abstract screening and followed by full-text analysis. Sixteen articles were included in the systematic review and assessed through critical appraisal tools. EVIDENCE SYNTHESIS The research shows that the majority of the studies on neurogenic dysphagia involved the Clinical Swallow Examination via telerehabilitation, compared with the in-person modality. Significant levels of agreement and high satisfaction from clinicians and patients are reported to support the use of telerehabilitation. Based on the results of this systematic review and qualitative analysis, the authors developed practical recommendations for the management of telerehabilitation sessions for patients with neurogenic dysphagia. CONCLUSIONS Despite the presence of barriers, telerehabilitation allowed healthcare provision and increasing access to care and services with specialized professionals, remote rehabilitation can be a valid resource during the health emergency due to COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Reverberi
- Department of Health Professions, AUSL-IRCCS Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | | | - Irene Battel
- Department of Physical and Medical Rehabilitation, San Giovanni e Paolo Civil Hospital, Azienda ULSS3 Serenissima, Venice, Italy -
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15
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Chang T, Akin S, Kim MK, Murray L, Kim B, Cho S, Huh S, Teke S, Couetil L, Jun MBG, Lee CH. A Programmable Dual-Regime Spray for Large-Scale and Custom-Designed Electronic Textiles. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2108021. [PMID: 34951073 PMCID: PMC8897238 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202108021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Revised: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Increasing demand for wearable healthcare synergistically advances the field of electronic textiles, or e-textiles, allowing for ambulatory monitoring of vital health signals. Despite great promise, the pragmatic deployment of e-textiles in clinical practice remains challenged due to the lack of a method in producing custom-designed e-textiles at high spatial resolution across a large area. To this end, a programmable dual-regime spray that enables the direct custom writing of functional nanoparticles into arbitrary fabrics at sub-millimeter resolution over meter scale is employed. The resulting e-textiles retain the intrinsic fabric properties in terms of mechanical flexibility, water-vapor permeability, and comfort against multiple uses and laundry cycles. The e-textiles tightly fit various body sizes and shapes to support the high-fidelity recording of physiological and electrophysiological signals on the skin under ambulatory conditions. Pilot field tests in a remote health-monitoring setting with a large animal, such as a horse, demonstrate the scalability and utility of the e-textiles beyond conventional devices. This approach will be suitable for the rapid prototyping of custom e-textiles tailored to meet various clinical needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taehoo Chang
- School of Materials Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Semih Akin
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Min Ku Kim
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, South Korea
| | - Laura Murray
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Bongjoong Kim
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
- Department of Mechanical & System Design Engineering, Hongik University, Seoul, 04066, South Korea
| | - Seungse Cho
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Sena Huh
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Sengul Teke
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
- Secant Group LLC, Telford, PA, 18969, USA
| | - Laurent Couetil
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Martin Byung-Guk Jun
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
- Indiana Manufacturing Competitiveness Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Chi Hwan Lee
- School of Materials Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
- Birck Nanotechnology Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
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16
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Hong JW, Yoon C, Jo K, Won JH, Park S. Recent advances in recording and modulation technologies for next-generation neural interfaces. iScience 2021; 24:103550. [PMID: 34917907 PMCID: PMC8666678 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.103550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Along with the advancement in neural engineering techniques, unprecedented progress in the development of neural interfaces has been made over the past few decades. However, despite these achievements, there is still room for further improvements especially toward the possibility of monitoring and modulating neural activities with high resolution and specificity in our daily lives. In an effort of taking a step toward the next-generation neural interfaces, we want to highlight the recent progress in neural technologies. We will cover a wide scope of such developments ranging from novel platforms for highly specific recording and modulation to system integration for practical applications of novel interfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Won Hong
- Program of Brain and Cognitive Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - Chanwoong Yoon
- Program of Brain and Cognitive Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - Kyunghyun Jo
- Program of Brain and Cognitive Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - Joon Hee Won
- Program of Brain and Cognitive Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - Seongjun Park
- Program of Brain and Cognitive Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Korea.,Department of Bio and Brain Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Korea.,KAIST Institute of Health Science and Technology (KIHST), Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Korea
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17
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Khan MA, Saibene M, Das R, Brunner IC, Puthusserypady S. Emergence of flexible technology in developing advanced systems for post-stroke rehabilitation: a comprehensive review. J Neural Eng 2021; 18. [PMID: 34736239 DOI: 10.1088/1741-2552/ac36aa] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Stroke is one of the most common neural disorders, which causes physical disabilities and motor impairments among its survivors. Several technologies have been developed for providing stroke rehabilitation and to assist the survivors in performing their daily life activities. Currently, the use of flexible technology (FT) for stroke rehabilitation systems is on a rise that allows the development of more compact and lightweight wearable systems, which stroke survivors can easily use for long-term activities. APPROACH For stroke applications, FT mainly includes the "flexible/stretchable electronics", "e-textile (electronic textile)" and "soft robotics". Thus, a thorough literature review has been performed to report the practical implementation of FT for post-stroke application. MAIN RESULTS In this review, the highlights of the advancement of FT in stroke rehabilitation systems are dealt with. Such systems mainly involve the "biosignal acquisition unit", "rehabilitation devices" and "assistive systems". In terms of biosignals acquisition, electroencephalography (EEG) and electromyography (EMG) are comprehensively described. For rehabilitation/assistive systems, the application of functional electrical stimulation (FES) and robotics units (exoskeleton, orthosis, etc.) have been explained. SIGNIFICANCE This is the first review article that compiles the different studies regarding flexible technology based post-stroke systems. Furthermore, the technological advantages, limitations, and possible future implications are also discussed to help improve and advance the flexible systems for the betterment of the stroke community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Ahmed Khan
- Technical University of Denmark, Ørsteds Plads Building 345C, Room 215, Lyngby, 2800, DENMARK
| | - Matteo Saibene
- Technical University of Denmark, Ørsteds Plads, Building 345C, Lyngby, 2800, DENMARK
| | - Rig Das
- Technical University of Denmark, Ørsteds Plads Building 345C, Room 214, Lyngby, 2800, DENMARK
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18
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Li Y, Li H, Lin R, Liu R. Printable Strain Sensors with Viscosity-Adjustable Ionic Liquids for Motion Monitoring. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF THE IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE 2021; 2021:6806-6809. [PMID: 34892670 DOI: 10.1109/embc46164.2021.9630774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Flexible strain sensors with ionic liquids have broad application prospects in various fields such as human-machine interaction, motion monitoring, and soft robots due to their conformability. The manufacture of strain sensors based on ionic liquids mainly relies on traditional molding methods and embedded 3D printing methods. However, these methods are complicated and involve lots of manual operations because of the strong fluidity of ionic liquids. In this paper, we propose the use of high conductivity ionic liquids composed of potassium iodide, glycerin, and polyethylene glycol (KI-Gly-PEG). All-in-one direct ink writing of ionic liquids is possible by adding functional materials into the KI-Gly system to change its rheological property and adjusting temperature during the process to assist in improving printing accuracy. We fabricated a flexible strain sensor with silicone rubber and KI-Gly-PEG solution by the all-in-one direct ink writing method. Further, we utilized the strain sensor to monitor the elbow bending angle by analyzing its resistance.
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19
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Kim J, Lee Y, Kang M, Hu L, Zhao S, Ahn JH. 2D Materials for Skin-Mountable Electronic Devices. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2021; 33:e2005858. [PMID: 33998064 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202005858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Revised: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Skin-mountable devices that can directly measure various biosignals and external stimuli and communicate the information to the users have been actively studied owing to increasing demand for wearable electronics and newer healthcare systems. Research on skin-mountable devices is mainly focused on those materials and mechanical design aspects that satisfy the device fabrication requirements on unusual substrates like skin and also for achieving good sensing capabilities and stable device operation in high-strain conditions. 2D materials that are atomically thin and possess unique electrical and optical properties offer several important features that can address the challenging needs in wearable, skin-mountable electronic devices. Herein, recent research progress on skin-mountable devices based on 2D materials that exhibit a variety of device functions including information input and output and in vitro and in vivo healthcare and diagnosis is reviewed. The challenges, potential solutions, and perspectives on trends for future work are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jejung Kim
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Yongjun Lee
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Minpyo Kang
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Luhing Hu
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Songfang Zhao
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
- School of Material Science and Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan, Shandong, 250022, China
| | - Jong-Hyun Ahn
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
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20
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Lee JH, Chee PS, Lim EH, Tan CH. Artificial Intelligence-Assisted Throat Sensor Using Ionic Polymer-Metal Composite (IPMC) Material. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13183041. [PMID: 34577942 PMCID: PMC8473105 DOI: 10.3390/polym13183041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Revised: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Throat sensing has received increasing demands in recent years, especially for oropharyngeal treatment applications. The conventional videofluoroscopy (VFS) approach is limited by either exposing the patient to radiation or incurring expensive costs on sophisticated equipment as well as well-trained speech-language pathologists. Here, we propose a smart and non-invasive throat sensor that can be fabricated using an ionic polymer–metal composite (IPMC) material. Through the cation’s movement inside the IPMC material, the sensor can detect muscle movement at the throat using a self-generated signal. We have further improved the output responses of the sensor by coating it with a corrosive-resistant gold material. A support vector machine algorithm is used to train the sensor in recognizing the pattern of the throat movements, with a high accuracy of 95%. Our proposed throat sensor has revealed its potential to be used as a promising solution for smart healthcare devices, which can benefit many practical applications such as human–machine interactions, sports training, and rehabilitation.
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21
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Zhou Q, Pan J, Deng S, Xia F, Kim T. Triboelectric Nanogenerator-Based Sensor Systems for Chemical or Biological Detection. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2021; 33:e2008276. [PMID: 34245059 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202008276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Revised: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
The rapid advances in the Internet of things and wearable devices have created a massive platform for sensor systems that detect chemical or biological agents. The accelerated development of these devices in recent years has simultaneously aggravated the power supply problems. Triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) represent a thriving renewable energy technology with the potential to revolutionize this field. In this review, the significance of TENG-based sensor systems in chemical or biological detection from the perspective of the development of power supply for biochemical sensors is discussed. Further, a range of TENGs are classified according to their roles as power supplies and/or self-powered active sensors. The TENG powered sensor systems are further discussed on the basis of their framework and applications. The working principles and structures of different TENG-based self-powered active sensors are presented, along with the classification of the sensors based on these factors. In addition, some representative applications are introduced, and the corresponding challenges are discussed. Finally, some perspectives for the future innovations of TENG-based sensor systems for chemical/biological detection are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qitao Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, Engineering Research Center of Nano-Geomaterials of the Ministry of Education, Faculty of Materials Science and Chemistry, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Jing Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, Engineering Research Center of Nano-Geomaterials of the Ministry of Education, Faculty of Materials Science and Chemistry, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Shujun Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, Engineering Research Center of Nano-Geomaterials of the Ministry of Education, Faculty of Materials Science and Chemistry, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Fan Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, Engineering Research Center of Nano-Geomaterials of the Ministry of Education, Faculty of Materials Science and Chemistry, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Taesung Kim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), 50 UNIST-gil, Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), 50 UNIST-gil, Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea
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22
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Theodoros D. Telerehabilitation for Communication and Swallowing Disorders in Parkinson's Disease. JOURNAL OF PARKINSONS DISEASE 2021; 11:S65-S70. [PMID: 33896848 PMCID: PMC8385517 DOI: 10.3233/jpd-202414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Communication and swallowing disorders are highly prevalent in people with Parkinson's disease (PD). The negative impact of these disorders on the quality of life of the person with PD and their families cannot be underestimated. Despite a demand for speech-language pathology services to support people with PD, many barriers to services exist. Telerehabilitation provides an alternate and complementary approach to in-person therapy that is patient-centered, enables timely assessment and intervention, and facilitates continuity of care throughout the course of the disease. This review explores the telerehabilitation applications designed for the management of the communication and swallowing disorders in PD, addresses the benefits and challenges of telerehabilitation, identifies future research directions, and highlights the potential of new technologies to enhance the management of communication and swallowing disorders and quality of life for people with PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deborah Theodoros
- School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
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23
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Gao L, Wang M, Wang W, Xu H, Wang Y, Zhao H, Cao K, Xu D, Li L. Highly Sensitive Pseudocapacitive Iontronic Pressure Sensor with Broad Sensing Range. NANO-MICRO LETTERS 2021; 13:140. [PMID: 34138418 PMCID: PMC8193410 DOI: 10.1007/s40820-021-00664-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
The iontronic pressure sensor achieved an ultrahigh sensitivity (Smin > 200 kPa-1, Smax > 45,000 kPa-1). The iontronic pressure sensor exhibited a broad sensing range of over 1.4 MPa. Pseudocapacitive iontronic pressure sensor using MXene was proposed. Flexible pressure sensors are unprecedentedly studied on monitoring human physical activities and robotics. Simultaneously, improving the response sensitivity and sensing range of flexible pressure sensors is a great challenge, which hinders the devices' practical application. Targeting this obstacle, we developed a Ti3C2Tx-derived iontronic pressure sensor (TIPS) by taking the advantages of the high intercalation pseudocapacitance under high pressure and rationally designed structural configuration. TIPS achieved an ultrahigh sensitivity (Smin > 200 kPa-1, Smax > 45,000 kPa-1) in a broad sensing range of over 1.4 MPa and low limit of detection of 20 Pa as well as stable long-term working durability for 10,000 cycles. The practical application of TIPS in physical activity monitoring and flexible robot manifested its versatile potential. This study provides a demonstration for exploring pseudocapacitive materials for building flexible iontronic sensors with ultrahigh sensitivity and sensing range to advance the development of high-performance wearable electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Libo Gao
- School of Mechano-Electronic Engineering, Xidian University, Xian, 710071, Shaanxi, P. R. China.
- CityU-Xidian Joint Laboratory of Micro/Nano-Manufacturing, Shenzhen, 518057, P. R. China.
| | - Meng Wang
- School of Mechano-Electronic Engineering, Xidian University, Xian, 710071, Shaanxi, P. R. China
- CityU-Xidian Joint Laboratory of Micro/Nano-Manufacturing, Shenzhen, 518057, P. R. China
| | - Weidong Wang
- School of Mechano-Electronic Engineering, Xidian University, Xian, 710071, Shaanxi, P. R. China.
- CityU-Xidian Joint Laboratory of Micro/Nano-Manufacturing, Shenzhen, 518057, P. R. China.
| | - Hongcheng Xu
- School of Mechano-Electronic Engineering, Xidian University, Xian, 710071, Shaanxi, P. R. China
- CityU-Xidian Joint Laboratory of Micro/Nano-Manufacturing, Shenzhen, 518057, P. R. China
| | - Yuejiao Wang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, 999077, Hong Kong SAR, P. R. China
| | - Haitao Zhao
- Materials Interfaces Center, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Ke Cao
- School of Mechano-Electronic Engineering, Xidian University, Xian, 710071, Shaanxi, P. R. China
- CityU-Xidian Joint Laboratory of Micro/Nano-Manufacturing, Shenzhen, 518057, P. R. China
| | - Dandan Xu
- School of Mechano-Electronic Engineering, Xidian University, Xian, 710071, Shaanxi, P. R. China
- CityU-Xidian Joint Laboratory of Micro/Nano-Manufacturing, Shenzhen, 518057, P. R. China
| | - Lei Li
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xian Jiaotong University, No. 28, Xianning West Road, Xian, 710049, Shaanxi, P. R. China.
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Malandraki GA, Arkenberg RH, Mitchell SS, Malandraki JB. Telehealth for Dysphagia Across the Life Span: Using Contemporary Evidence and Expertise to Guide Clinical Practice During and After COVID-19. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SPEECH-LANGUAGE PATHOLOGY 2021; 30:532-550. [PMID: 33555933 PMCID: PMC8740558 DOI: 10.1044/2020_ajslp-20-00252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2020] [Revised: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 11/22/2020] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Purpose Our aim was to critically review recent literature on the use of telehealth for dysphagia during the COVID-19 pandemic and enhance this information in order to provide evidence- and practice-based clinical guidance during and after the pandemic. Method We conducted a rapid systematized review to identify telehealth adaptations during COVID-19, according to peer-reviewed articles published from January to August 2020. Of the 40 articles identified, 11 met the inclusion criteria. Full-text reviews were completed by three raters, followed by qualitative synthesis of the results and description of practical recommendations for the use of telehealth for dysphagia. Results Seven articles were guidelines articles, three were editorials, and one was a narrative review. One article focused on telehealth and dysphagia during COVID-19. The remaining 10 mentioned telehealth in varying degrees while focusing on dysphagia management during the pandemic. No articles discussed pediatrics in depth. The most common procedure for which telehealth was recommended was the clinical swallowing assessment (8/11), followed by therapy (7/11). Six articles characterized telehealth as a second-tier service delivery option. Only one article included brief guidance on telehealth-specific factors, such as legal safeguards, safety, privacy, infrastructure, and facilitators. Conclusions Literature published during the pandemic on telehealth for dysphagia is extremely limited and guarded in endorsing telehealth as an equivalent service delivery model. We have presented prepandemic and emerging current evidence for the safety and reliability of dysphagia telemanagement, in combination with practical guidelines to facilitate the safe adoption of telehealth during and after the pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgia A. Malandraki
- Department of Speech, Language, and Hearing Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN
| | - Rachel Hahn Arkenberg
- Department of Speech, Language, and Hearing Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN
| | - Samantha S. Mitchell
- Department of Speech, Language, and Hearing Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN
| | - Jaime Bauer Malandraki
- Department of Speech, Language, and Hearing Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN
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Hong Y, Wang B, Lin W, Jin L, Liu S, Luo X, Pan J, Wang W, Yang Z. Highly anisotropic and flexible piezoceramic kirigami for preventing joint disorders. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2021; 7:7/11/eabf0795. [PMID: 33712465 PMCID: PMC7954449 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abf0795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
The prevention of work-related upper extremity musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs; e.g., neck pain and shoulder fatigue) requires frequent exercises of neck and shoulder that primarily rely on the assistance of joint motion monitoring devices. However, most available wearable healthcare sensors are rigid, bulky, and incapable of recognizing the full range of human motions. Here, we propose a kirigami-structured highly anisotropic piezoelectric network composite sensor that is able to monitor multiple information of joint motions, including bending direction, bending radius, and motion modes, and to distinguish them simultaneously within one sensor unit. On the basis of the modified template-assisted processing method, we design a functional piezoceramic kirigami with a honeycomb network structure that is stretchable (~100% strain), highly sensitive (15.4 mV kPa-1), and highly anisotropic to bending directions (17.3 times from 90° to 0°). An integrated monitoring system is further established to alarm the prolonged sedentary behaviors, facilitating the prevention of upper extremity MSDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Hong
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Biao Wang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Weikang Lin
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Lihan Jin
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Shiyuan Liu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xiaowei Luo
- Department of Architecture and Civil Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jia Pan
- Department of Computer Science, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Wenping Wang
- Department of Computer Science, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Zhengbao Yang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
- City University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen 518057, China
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Wu H, Yang G, Zhu K, Liu S, Guo W, Jiang Z, Li Z. Materials, Devices, and Systems of On-Skin Electrodes for Electrophysiological Monitoring and Human-Machine Interfaces. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2021; 8:2001938. [PMID: 33511003 PMCID: PMC7816724 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202001938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2020] [Revised: 09/19/2020] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
On-skin electrodes function as an ideal platform for collecting high-quality electrophysiological (EP) signals due to their unique characteristics, such as stretchability, conformal interfaces with skin, biocompatibility, and wearable comfort. The past decade has witnessed great advancements in performance optimization and function extension of on-skin electrodes. With continuous development and great promise for practical applications, on-skin electrodes are playing an increasingly important role in EP monitoring and human-machine interfaces (HMI). In this review, the latest progress in the development of on-skin electrodes and their integrated system is summarized. Desirable features of on-skin electrodes are briefly discussed from the perspective of performances. Then, recent advances in the development of electrode materials, followed by the analysis of strategies and methods to enhance adhesion and breathability of on-skin electrodes are examined. In addition, representative integrated electrode systems and practical applications of on-skin electrodes in healthcare monitoring and HMI are introduced in detail. It is concluded with the discussion of key challenges and opportunities for on-skin electrodes and their integrated systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Wu
- Flexible Electronics Research CenterState Key Laboratory of Digital Manufacturing Equipment and TechnologySchool of Mechanical Science and EngineeringHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanHubei430074China
| | - Ganguang Yang
- Flexible Electronics Research CenterState Key Laboratory of Digital Manufacturing Equipment and TechnologySchool of Mechanical Science and EngineeringHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanHubei430074China
| | - Kanhao Zhu
- Flexible Electronics Research CenterState Key Laboratory of Digital Manufacturing Equipment and TechnologySchool of Mechanical Science and EngineeringHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanHubei430074China
| | - Shaoyu Liu
- Flexible Electronics Research CenterState Key Laboratory of Digital Manufacturing Equipment and TechnologySchool of Mechanical Science and EngineeringHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanHubei430074China
| | - Wei Guo
- Flexible Electronics Research CenterState Key Laboratory of Digital Manufacturing Equipment and TechnologySchool of Mechanical Science and EngineeringHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanHubei430074China
| | - Zhuo Jiang
- Department of Materials ScienceFudan UniversityShanghai200433China
| | - Zhuo Li
- Department of Materials ScienceFudan UniversityShanghai200433China
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Li H, Liu H, Sun M, Huang Y, Xu L. 3D Interfacing between Soft Electronic Tools and Complex Biological Tissues. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2021; 33:e2004425. [PMID: 33283351 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202004425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 08/08/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Recent developments in soft functional materials have created opportunities for building bioelectronic devices with tissue-like mechanical properties. Their integration with the human body could enable advanced sensing and stimulation for medical diagnosis and therapies. However, most of the available soft electronics are constructed as planar sheets, which are difficult to interface with the target organs and tissues that have complex 3D structures. Here, the recent approaches are highlighted to building 3D interfaces between soft electronic tools and complex biological organs and tissues. Examples involve mesh devices for conformal contact, imaging-guided fabrication of organ-specific electronics, miniaturized probes for neurointerfaces, instrumented scaffold for tissue engineering, and many other soft 3D systems. They represent diverse routes for reconciling the interfacial mismatches between electronic tools and biological tissues. The remaining challenges include device scaling to approach the complexity of target organs, biological data acquisition and processing, 3D manufacturing techniques, etc., providing a range of opportunities for scientific research and technological innovation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hegeng Li
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, 999077, China
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Manufacturing Equipment and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Hongzhen Liu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, 999077, China
| | - Mingze Sun
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, 999077, China
| | - YongAn Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Manufacturing Equipment and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Lizhi Xu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, 999077, China
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28
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Guan F, Xie Y, Wu H, Meng Y, Shi Y, Gao M, Zhang Z, Chen S, Chen Y, Wang H, Pei Q. Silver Nanowire-Bacterial Cellulose Composite Fiber-Based Sensor for Highly Sensitive Detection of Pressure and Proximity. ACS NANO 2020; 14:15428-15439. [PMID: 33030887 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c06063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Fiber-based sensors are desirable to provide an immersive experience for users in the human-computer interface. We report a hierarchically porous silver nanowire-bacterial cellulose fiber that can be utilized for sensitive detection of both pressure and proximity of human fingers. The conductive fiber was synthesized via continuous wet-spinning at a speed of 20 m/min, with a diameter of 53 μm, the electrical conductivity of 1.3 × 104 S/cm, a tensile strength of 198 MPa, and elongation strain of 3.0% at break. The fibers were coaxially coated with a 10 μm thick poly(dimethylsiloxane) dielectric elastomer to form the fiber sensor element which is thinner than a human hair. Two of the sensor fibers were laid diagonally, and the capacitance changes between the conductive cores were measured in response to pressure and proximity. In the touch mode, a fiber-based sensor experienced monotonic capacitance increase in the pressure range from 0 to 460 kPa, and a linear response with a high sensitivity of 5.49 kPa-1 was obtained in the low-pressure regime (<0.5 kPa). In touchless mode, the sensor is highly sensitive to objects at a distance of up to 30 cm. Also, the fiber can be easily stitched into garments as comfortable and fashionable sensors to detect heartbeat and vocal pulses. A fiber sensor array is able to serve as a touchless piano to play music and accurately determine the proximity of an object. A 2 × 2 array was further shown for two- and three-dimensional location detection of remote objects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangyi Guan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Henry Samueli School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, P.R. China
| | - Yu Xie
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Henry Samueli School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Hanxiang Wu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Henry Samueli School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Yuan Meng
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Henry Samueli School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Ye Shi
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Henry Samueli School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Meng Gao
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Henry Samueli School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Ziyang Zhang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Henry Samueli School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Shiyan Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, P.R. China
| | - Ye Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, P.R. China
| | - Huaping Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, P.R. China
| | - Qibing Pei
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Henry Samueli School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
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Yao Y, Jiang Z, Yao J, Luo J, Xu C, Chong J, Liu T. Self-Sealing Carbon Patterns by One-Step Direct Laser Writing and Their Use in Multifunctional Wearable Sensors. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:50600-50609. [PMID: 33131273 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c14949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
A combined photothermal simulation and experimental study leads to a novel internal reflection-assisted direct laser writing carbonization method (IR-DLWc), which enables in situ fabrication of carbon features/patterns that are self-sealed in the interior of a thin polyimide (PI) film in one step without additional packaging procedures. With this new method, carbon line patterns that are fully contained in a 50 μm PI film are fabricated, characterized, and evaluated for their electrical and piezoresistive performance. The self-sealing character of the carbon features created by IR-DLWc imparts them unprecedented mechanical stability/robustness as compared to those fabricated by the conventional DLWc method. Upon applying a double-writing scheme and strain-engineering treatment, the IR-DLWc-created carbon lines show significantly improved piezoresistive sensitivity with a gauge factor evaluated to be 428 in tension and 107 in compression. The high piezoresistive sensitivity, excellent dynamic response, reasonably good durability, self-sealing character, and compliant nature of the IR-DLWc generated carbon patterns make them suitable for a variety of wearable sensing applications. In this work, we demonstrated their use as a tactile sensor for sensing contact force; a functional bandage for monitoring physiological activities like swallowing, pulsing, and breathing; and a glove sensing system for finger gesture recognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanbo Yao
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Soochow 215123, P. R. China
| | - Zhufeng Jiang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Soochow 215123, P. R. China
| | - Jingwen Yao
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Soochow 215123, P. R. China
| | - Jiangjiang Luo
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Soochow 215123, P. R. China
| | - Chang Xu
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Soochow 215123, P. R. China
| | - Jinyu Chong
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Soochow 215123, P. R. China
| | - Tao Liu
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Soochow 215123, P. R. China
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Kantarcigil C, Kim MK, Chang T, Craig BA, Smith A, Lee CH, Malandraki GA. Validation of a Novel Wearable Electromyography Patch for Monitoring Submental Muscle Activity During Swallowing: A Randomized Crossover Trial. JOURNAL OF SPEECH, LANGUAGE, AND HEARING RESEARCH : JSLHR 2020; 63:3293-3310. [PMID: 32910735 PMCID: PMC8060014 DOI: 10.1044/2020_jslhr-20-00171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2020] [Revised: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Purpose Surface electromyography (sEMG) is often used for biofeedback during swallowing rehabilitation. However, commercially available sEMG electrodes are not optimized for the head and neck area, have rigid form, and are mostly available in large medical centers. We developed an ultrathin, soft, and flexible sEMG patch, specifically designed to conform to the submental anatomy and which will be ultimately incorporated into a telehealth system. To validate this first-generation sEMG patch, we compared its safety, efficiency, and signal quality in monitoring submental muscle activity with that of widely used conventional sEMG electrodes. Method A randomized crossover design was used to compare the experimental sEMG patch with conventional (snap-on) sEMG electrodes. Participants completed the same experimental protocol with both electrodes in counterbalanced order. Swallow trials included five trials of 5- and 10-ml water. Comparisons were made on (a) signal-related factors: signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), baseline amplitude, normalized mean amplitude, and sEMG burst duration and (b) safety/preclinical factors: safety/adverse effects, efficiency of electrode placement, and satisfaction/comfort. Noninferiority and equivalence tests were used to examine signal-related factors. Paired t tests and descriptive statistics were used to examine safety/preclinical factors. Results Forty healthy adults participated (24 women, M age = 67.5 years). Signal-related factors: SNR of the experimental patch was not inferior to the SNR of the conventional electrodes (p < .0056). Similarly, baseline amplitude obtained with the experimental patch was not inferior to that obtained with conventional electrodes (p < .0001). Finally, normalized amplitude values were equivalent across swallows (5 ml: p < .025; 10 ml: p < .0012), and sEMG burst duration was also equivalent (5 ml: p < .0001; 10 ml: p < .0001). Safety/preclinical factors: The experimental patch resulted in fewer mild adverse effects. Participant satisfaction was higher with the experimental patch (p = .0476, d = 0.226). Conclusions Our new wearable sEMG patch is equivalent with widely used conventional sEMG electrodes in terms of technical performance. In addition, our patch is safe, and healthy older adults are satisfied with it. With lessons learned from the current COVID-19 pandemic, efforts to develop optimal swallowing telerehabilitation devices are more urgent than ever. Upon further validation, this new technology has the potential to improve rehabilitation and telerehabilitation efforts for patients with dysphagia. Supplemental Material https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.12915509.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cagla Kantarcigil
- Department of Speech, Language, and Hearing Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN
- Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders at Northwestern University, Evanston, IL
| | - Min Ku Kim
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN
| | - Taehoo Chang
- School of Materials Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN
| | - Bruce A. Craig
- Department of Statistics, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN
| | - Anne Smith
- Department of Speech, Language, and Hearing Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN
| | - Chi Hwan Lee
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN
| | - Georgia A. Malandraki
- Department of Speech, Language, and Hearing Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN
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31
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Garcia-Casado J, Prats-Boluda G, Ye-Lin Y, Restrepo-Agudelo S, Perez-Giraldo E, Orozco-Duque A. Evaluation of Swallowing Related Muscle Activity by Means of Concentric Ring Electrodes. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 20:s20185267. [PMID: 32942616 PMCID: PMC7570555 DOI: 10.3390/s20185267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Revised: 09/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Surface electromyography (sEMG) can be helpful for evaluating swallowing related muscle activity. Conventional recordings with disc electrodes suffer from significant crosstalk from adjacent muscles and electrode-to-muscle fiber orientation problems, while concentric ring electrodes (CREs) offer enhanced spatial selectivity and axial isotropy. The aim of this work was to evaluate CRE performance in sEMG recordings of the swallowing muscles. Bipolar recordings were taken from 21 healthy young volunteers when swallowing saliva, water and yogurt, first with a conventional disc and then with a CRE. The signals were characterized by the root-mean-square amplitude, signal-to-noise ratio, myopulse, zero-crossings, median frequency, bandwidth and bilateral muscle cross-correlations. The results showed that CREs have advantages in the sEMG analysis of swallowing muscles, including enhanced spatial selectivity and the associated reduction in crosstalk, the ability to pick up a wider range of EMG frequency components and easier electrode placement thanks to its radial symmetry. However, technical changes are recommended in the future to ensure that the lower CRE signal amplitude does not significantly affect its quality. CREs show great potential for improving the clinical monitoring and evaluation of swallowing muscle activity. Future work on pathological subjects will assess the possible advantages of CREs in dysphagia monitoring and diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Garcia-Casado
- Centro de Investigación e Innovación en Bioingeniería, Universitat Politècnica de València, 46022 Valencia, Spain; (G.P.-B.); (Y.Y.-L.)
| | - Gema Prats-Boluda
- Centro de Investigación e Innovación en Bioingeniería, Universitat Politècnica de València, 46022 Valencia, Spain; (G.P.-B.); (Y.Y.-L.)
| | - Yiyao Ye-Lin
- Centro de Investigación e Innovación en Bioingeniería, Universitat Politècnica de València, 46022 Valencia, Spain; (G.P.-B.); (Y.Y.-L.)
| | - Sebastián Restrepo-Agudelo
- Grupo de Investigación e Innovación Biomédica, Instituto Tecnológico Metropolitano, Medellín 050012, Colombia; (S.R.-A.); (E.P.-G.); (A.O.-D.)
| | - Estefanía Perez-Giraldo
- Grupo de Investigación e Innovación Biomédica, Instituto Tecnológico Metropolitano, Medellín 050012, Colombia; (S.R.-A.); (E.P.-G.); (A.O.-D.)
| | - Andrés Orozco-Duque
- Grupo de Investigación e Innovación Biomédica, Instituto Tecnológico Metropolitano, Medellín 050012, Colombia; (S.R.-A.); (E.P.-G.); (A.O.-D.)
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Xu C, Yang Y, Gao W. Skin-interfaced sensors in digital medicine: from materials to applications. MATTER 2020; 2:1414-1445. [PMID: 32510052 PMCID: PMC7274218 DOI: 10.1016/j.matt.2020.03.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The recent advances in skin-interfaced wearable sensors have enabled tremendous potential towards personalized medicine and digital health. Compared with traditional healthcare, wearable sensors could perform continuous and non-invasive data collection from the human body and provide an insight into both fitness monitoring and medical diagnostics. In this review, we summarize the latest progress of skin-interfaced wearable sensors along with their integrated systems. We first introduce the strategies of materials selection and structure design that can be accommodated for intimate contact with human skin. Current development of physical and biochemical sensors is then classified and discussed with an emphasis on their sensing mechanisms. System-level integration including power supply, wireless communication and data analysis are also briefly discussed. We conclude with an outlook of this field and identify the key challenges and opportunities for future wearable devices and systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changhao Xu
- Andrew and Peggy Cherng Department of Medical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California, 91125, USA
| | - Yiran Yang
- Andrew and Peggy Cherng Department of Medical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California, 91125, USA
| | - Wei Gao
- Andrew and Peggy Cherng Department of Medical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California, 91125, USA
- Lead Contact
- Correspondence:
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33
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Legacy J, Herndon NE, Wheeler-Hegland K, Okun MS, Patel B. A comprehensive review of the diagnosis and treatment of Parkinson's disease dysphagia and aspiration. Expert Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2020; 14:411-424. [PMID: 32657208 PMCID: PMC10405619 DOI: 10.1080/17474124.2020.1769475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Bulbar dysfunction is common in Parkinson's disease (PD) with more than 80% of affected individuals developing dysphagia during the course of the disease. Symptoms can begin in the preclinical stage and individuals may remain clinically asymptomatic for years. Furthermore, patients may be unaware of swallowing changes, which contributes to the difference between the prevalence of self-reported dysphagia and deficits identified during instrumental evaluations. Dysphagia is underrecognized and contributes to the development of aspiration pneumonia which is the leading cause of death in PD. Dysphagia in PD is complex and not completely understood. Both dopaminergic and nondopaminergic pathways likely underpin dysphagia. AREAS COVERED This comprehensive review will cover the epidemiology, pathophysiology, clinical evaluation, and expert management of dysphagia and aspiration in patients with PD. EXPERT OPINION A multidisciplinary team approach is important to properly identify and manage PD dysphagia. Regular clinical screenings with objective instrumental assessments are necessary for early detection of dysphagia. Studies are needed to better understand the mechanism(s) involved in PD dysphagia, establish markers for early detection and progression, and develop evidence-based treatment options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Legacy
- Department of Neurology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL
- Norman Fixel Institute for Neurological Diseases, Gainesville, FL
| | - Nicole E. Herndon
- Norman Fixel Institute for Neurological Diseases, Gainesville, FL
- Department of Speech, Language, and Hearing Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
| | - Karen Wheeler-Hegland
- Norman Fixel Institute for Neurological Diseases, Gainesville, FL
- Department of Speech, Language, and Hearing Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
| | - Michael S. Okun
- Department of Neurology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL
- Norman Fixel Institute for Neurological Diseases, Gainesville, FL
| | - Bhavana Patel
- Department of Neurology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL
- Norman Fixel Institute for Neurological Diseases, Gainesville, FL
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