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Pei Z, Tian Z, Yang S, Shen L, Hao N, Naquin TD, Li T, Sun L, Rong W, Huang TJ. Capillary-based, multifunctional manipulation of particles and fluids via focused surface acoustic waves. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS D: APPLIED PHYSICS 2024; 57:305401. [PMID: 38800708 PMCID: PMC11126230 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6463/ad415a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Surface acoustic wave (SAW)-enabled acoustofluidic technologies have recently atttracted increasing attention for applications in biology, chemistry, biophysics, and medicine. Most SAW acoustofluidic devices generate acoustic energy which is then transmitted into custom microfabricated polymer-based channels. There are limited studies on delivering this acoustic energy into convenient commercially-available glass tubes for manipulating particles and fluids. Herein, we have constructed a capillary-based SAW acoustofluidic device for multifunctional fluidic and particle manipulation. This device integrates a converging interdigitated transducer to generate focused SAWs on a piezoelectric chip, as well as a glass capillary that transports particles and fluids. To understand the actuation mechanisms underlying this device, we performed finite element simulations by considering piezoelectric, solid mechanic, and pressure acoustic physics. This experimental study shows that the capillary-based SAW acoustofluidic device can perform multiple functions including enriching particles, patterning particles, transporting particles and fluids, as well as generating droplets with controlled sizes. Given the usefulness of these functions, we expect that this acoustofluidic device can be useful in applications such as pharmaceutical manufacturing, biofabrication, and bioanalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhichao Pei
- Department of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150080, China
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
| | - Zhenhua Tian
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, VA, 24060, USA
| | - Shujie Yang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
| | - Liang Shen
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
| | - Nanjing Hao
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
| | - Ty D. Naquin
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
| | - Teng Li
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, VA, 24060, USA
| | - Lining Sun
- Department of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150080, China
| | - Weibin Rong
- Department of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150080, China
| | - Tony Jun Huang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
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2
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Liu L, Cui J, Chen P, Fatima Z, Xing Y, Liu H, Ren X, Li D. Controllable concentric electric field line distribution for simultaneous separation of DNA. J Chromatogr A 2024; 1727:464990. [PMID: 38744188 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2024.464990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2024] [Revised: 05/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
An approach for the controllable separation and concentration of nucleic acid using a circular nonuniform electric field was proposed and developed. Using six different lengths of DNA molecules as standard samples, the distribution of the gradient electric field was increased from the outer circular electrode to the inner rod-shaped electrode, contributing to the migration of DNA molecules at a velocity gradient towards the region with the strongest inner electric field. The DNA molecules were arranged in a distribution of concentric circles that aligned with the distribution of concentric equipotential lines. The concentration of DNA multiplied with the alternation of radius. As a result, this platform allowed simultaneous DNA separation, achieving a resolution range of 1.17-3.03 through an extended electrophoresis time, resulting in enhanced concentration factors of 1.08-6.27. Moreover, the manipulation of the relative height of the inner and outer electrodes enabled precise control over the distribution and the deflection degree of electric field lines, leading to accurate control over DNA deflection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Liu
- Department of Pathology and Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, State Ethnic Affairs Commission, Medical College, Yanbian University, Park Road 977, Yanji, Jilin Province 133002, China; Department of Chemistry, Yanbian University, Park Road 977, Yanji, Jilin Province 133002, China; Key Laboratory of Agrifood Quality and Safety Evaluation, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin Province 133002, China
| | - Jiaxuan Cui
- Department of Chemistry, Yanbian University, Park Road 977, Yanji, Jilin Province 133002, China
| | - Peng Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Yanbian University, Park Road 977, Yanji, Jilin Province 133002, China
| | - Zakia Fatima
- Department of Chemistry, Yanbian University, Park Road 977, Yanji, Jilin Province 133002, China
| | - Yuhang Xing
- Interdisciplinary Program of Biological Functional Molecules, College of Integration Science, Yanbian University, Park Road 977, Yanji, Jilin Province 133002, China
| | - Huwei Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Wuchang University of Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiangshan Ren
- Department of Pathology and Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, State Ethnic Affairs Commission, Medical College, Yanbian University, Park Road 977, Yanji, Jilin Province 133002, China; Interdisciplinary Program of Biological Functional Molecules, College of Integration Science, Yanbian University, Park Road 977, Yanji, Jilin Province 133002, China.
| | - Donghao Li
- Department of Chemistry, Yanbian University, Park Road 977, Yanji, Jilin Province 133002, China; Key Laboratory of Agrifood Quality and Safety Evaluation, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin Province 133002, China; Interdisciplinary Program of Biological Functional Molecules, College of Integration Science, Yanbian University, Park Road 977, Yanji, Jilin Province 133002, China.
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Ma C, Xu Z, Hao K, Fan L, Du W, Gao Z, Wang C, Zhang Z, Li N, Li Q, Gao Q, Yu C. Rapid isolation method for extracellular vesicles based on Fe 3O 4@ZrO 2. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2024; 12:1399689. [PMID: 39045537 PMCID: PMC11263208 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2024.1399689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 07/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are pivotal in intercellular communication, disease mechanisms. Despite numerous methods for EVs isolation, challenges persist in yield, purity, reproducibility, cost, time, and automation. We introduce a EVs isolation technique using Fe3O4@ZrO2 beads, leveraging ZrO2-phosphate interaction. The results indicated that EVs were efficiently separated from large volumes of samples in 30 minutes without preconcentration. Our method demonstrated capture efficiency (74%-78%) compared to ultracentrifugation, purity (97%), and reproducibility (0.3%-0.5%), with excellent linearity (R2 > 0.99). EVs from urine samples showed altered expression of miRNAs. The logistic regression model achieved an AUC of 0.961, sensitivity of 0.92, and specificity of 0.94. With potential for automation, this magnetic bead-based method holds promise for clinical applications, offering an efficient and reliable tool for EVs research and clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cuidie Ma
- College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Zhihui Xu
- Beijing Hotgen Biotech Co., Ltd., Beijing, China
| | - Kun Hao
- Beijing Hotgen Biotech Co., Ltd., Beijing, China
| | - Lingling Fan
- Beijing Hotgen Biotech Co., Ltd., Beijing, China
| | - Wenqian Du
- Beijing Hotgen Biotech Co., Ltd., Beijing, China
| | - Zhan Gao
- Department of Urology, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chong Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Zheng Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Ningxia Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Qi Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qi Gao
- Beijing Hotgen Biotech Co., Ltd., Beijing, China
| | - Changyuan Yu
- College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, China
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Fan X, Zhang Y, Liu W, Shao M, Gong Y, Wang T, Xue S, Nian R. A comprehensive review of engineered exosomes from the preparation strategy to therapeutic applications. Biomater Sci 2024; 12:3500-3521. [PMID: 38828621 DOI: 10.1039/d4bm00558a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2024]
Abstract
Exosomes exhibit high bioavailability, biological stability, targeted specificity, low toxicity, and low immunogenicity in shuttling various bioactive molecules such as proteins, lipids, RNA, and DNA. Natural exosomes, however, have limited production, targeting abilities, and therapeutic efficacy in clinical trials. On the other hand, engineered exosomes have demonstrated long-term circulation, high stability, targeted delivery, and efficient intracellular drug release, garnering significant attention. The engineered exosomes bring new insights into developing next-generation drug delivery systems and show enormous potential in therapeutic applications, such as tumor therapies, diabetes management, cardiovascular disease, and tissue regeneration and repair. In this review, we provide an overview of recent advancements associated with engineered exosomes by focusing on the state-of-the-art strategies for cell engineering and exosome engineering. Exosome isolation methods, including traditional and emerging approaches, are systematically compared along with advancements in characterization methods. Current challenges and future opportunities are further discussed in terms of the preparation and application of engineered exosomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiying Fan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Biobased Materials, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 189, Songling Road, Qingdao 266101, China.
- Shandong Energy Institute, No. 189, Songling Road, Qingdao 266101, China
- Qingdao New Energy Shandong Laboratory, No. 189, Songling Road, Qingdao 266101, China
| | - Yiwen Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Biobased Materials, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 189, Songling Road, Qingdao 266101, China.
- Shandong Energy Institute, No. 189, Songling Road, Qingdao 266101, China
- Qingdao New Energy Shandong Laboratory, No. 189, Songling Road, Qingdao 266101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19(A) Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenshuai Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Biobased Materials, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 189, Songling Road, Qingdao 266101, China.
- Shandong Energy Institute, No. 189, Songling Road, Qingdao 266101, China
- Qingdao New Energy Shandong Laboratory, No. 189, Songling Road, Qingdao 266101, China
| | - Mingzheng Shao
- Research Center on Advanced Chemical Engineering and Energy Materials, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, P. R. China.
| | - Yibo Gong
- CAS Key Laboratory of Biobased Materials, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 189, Songling Road, Qingdao 266101, China.
- Shandong Energy Institute, No. 189, Songling Road, Qingdao 266101, China
- Qingdao New Energy Shandong Laboratory, No. 189, Songling Road, Qingdao 266101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19(A) Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Tingya Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Biobased Materials, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 189, Songling Road, Qingdao 266101, China.
- Shandong Energy Institute, No. 189, Songling Road, Qingdao 266101, China
- Qingdao New Energy Shandong Laboratory, No. 189, Songling Road, Qingdao 266101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19(A) Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Song Xue
- Research Center on Advanced Chemical Engineering and Energy Materials, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, P. R. China.
| | - Rui Nian
- CAS Key Laboratory of Biobased Materials, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 189, Songling Road, Qingdao 266101, China.
- Shandong Energy Institute, No. 189, Songling Road, Qingdao 266101, China
- Qingdao New Energy Shandong Laboratory, No. 189, Songling Road, Qingdao 266101, China
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5
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Ma Z, Xia J, Upreti N, David E, Rufo J, Gu Y, Yang K, Yang S, Xu X, Kwun J, Chambers E, Huang TJ. An acoustofluidic device for the automated separation of platelet-reduced plasma from whole blood. MICROSYSTEMS & NANOENGINEERING 2024; 10:83. [PMID: 38915828 PMCID: PMC11194281 DOI: 10.1038/s41378-024-00707-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 06/26/2024]
Abstract
Separating plasma from whole blood is an important sample processing technique required for fundamental biomedical research, medical diagnostics, and therapeutic applications. Traditional protocols for plasma isolation require multiple centrifugation steps or multiunit microfluidic processing to sequentially remove large red blood cells (RBCs) and white blood cells (WBCs), followed by the removal of small platelets. Here, we present an acoustofluidic platform capable of efficiently removing RBCs, WBCs, and platelets from whole blood in a single step. By leveraging differences in the acoustic impedances of fluids, our device generates significantly greater forces on suspended particles than conventional microfluidic approaches, enabling the removal of both large blood cells and smaller platelets in a single unit. As a result, undiluted human whole blood can be processed by our device to remove both blood cells and platelets (>90%) at low voltages (25 Vpp). The ability to successfully remove blood cells and platelets from plasma without altering the properties of the proteins and antibodies present creates numerous potential applications for our platform in biomedical research, as well as plasma-based diagnostics and therapeutics. Furthermore, the microfluidic nature of our device offers advantages such as portability, cost efficiency, and the ability to process small-volume samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhehan Ma
- Thomas Lord Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, NC USA
| | - Jianping Xia
- Thomas Lord Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, NC USA
| | - Neil Upreti
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC USA
| | - Emeraghi David
- Department of Pediatrics, Duke University, Durham, NC USA
| | - Joseph Rufo
- Thomas Lord Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, NC USA
| | - Yuyang Gu
- Thomas Lord Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, NC USA
| | - Kaichun Yang
- Thomas Lord Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, NC USA
| | - Shujie Yang
- Thomas Lord Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, NC USA
| | - Xiangchen Xu
- Thomas Lord Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, NC USA
| | - Jean Kwun
- Duke Transplant Center, Department of Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC USA
| | | | - Tony Jun Huang
- Thomas Lord Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, NC USA
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6
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Wei W, Wang Z, Wang B, Pang W, Yang Q, Duan X. Concentration of Microparticles/Cells Based on an Ultra-Fast Centrifuge Virtual Tunnel Driven by a Novel Lamb Wave Resonator Array. BIOSENSORS 2024; 14:280. [PMID: 38920584 PMCID: PMC11202289 DOI: 10.3390/bios14060280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2024] [Revised: 05/17/2024] [Accepted: 05/25/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024]
Abstract
The µTAS/LOC, a highly integrated microsystem, consolidates multiple bioanalytical functions within a single chip, enhancing efficiency and precision in bioanalysis and biomedical operations. Microfluidic centrifugation, a key component of LOC devices, enables rapid capture and enrichment of tiny objects in samples, improving sensitivity and accuracy of detection and diagnosis. However, microfluidic systems face challenges due to viscosity dominance and difficulty in vortex formation. Acoustic-based centrifugation, particularly those using surface acoustic waves (SAWs), have shown promise in applications such as particle concentration, separation, and droplet mixing. However, challenges include accurate droplet placement, energy loss from off-axis positioning, and limited energy transfer from low-frequency SAW resonators, restricting centrifugal speed and sample volume. In this work, we introduce a novel ring array composed of eight Lamb wave resonators (LWRs), forming an Ultra-Fast Centrifuge Tunnel (UFCT) in a microfluidic system. The UFCT eliminates secondary vortices, concentrating energy in the main vortex and maximizing acoustic-to-streaming energy conversion. It enables ultra-fast centrifugation with a larger liquid capacity (50 μL), reduced power usage (50 mW) that is one order of magnitude smaller than existing devices, and greater linear speed (62 mm/s), surpassing the limitations of prior methods. We demonstrate successful high-fold enrichment of 2 μm and 10 μm particles and explore the UFCT's potential in tissue engineering by encapsulating cells in a hydrogel-based micro-organ with a ring structure, which is of great significance for building more complex manipulation platforms for particles and cells in a bio-compatible and contactless manner.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Qingrui Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measuring Technology & Instruments, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China; (W.W.); (Z.W.); (B.W.); (W.P.)
| | - Xuexin Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measuring Technology & Instruments, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China; (W.W.); (Z.W.); (B.W.); (W.P.)
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7
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Chen M, Pei Z, Wang Y, Song F, Zhong J, Wang C, Ma Y. Small extracellular vesicles' enrichment from biological fluids using an acoustic trap. Analyst 2024; 149:3169-3177. [PMID: 38639189 DOI: 10.1039/d4an00034j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
Small extracellular vesicles (sEVs), a form of extracellular vesicles, are lipid bilayered structures released by all cells. Large-scale studies on sEVs from clinical samples are necessary, but a major obstacle is the lack of rapid, reproducible, efficient, and low-cost methods to enrich sEVs. Acoustic microfluidics have the advantage of being label-free and biocompatible, which have been reported to successfully enrich sEVs. In this paper, we present a highly efficient acoustic microfluidic trap that can offer low and large volume compatible ways of enriching sEVs from biological fluids by flexible structure design. It uses the idea of pre-loading larger seed particles in the acoustic trap to enable sub-micron particle capturing. The microfluidic chip is actuated using a piezoelectric plate transducer attached to a silicon-glass bonding plate with circular cavities. Each cavity works as a resonant unit, excited at the frequency of both the half wave resonance in the main plane and inverted quarter wave resonance in the depth direction, which has the ability to strongly trap seed particles at the center, thereby improving the subsequent nanoparticle capture efficiency. Mean trapping efficiencies of 35.62% and 64.27% were obtained using 60 nm and 100 nm nanobeads, respectively. By the use of this technology, we have successfully enriched sEVs from cell culture conditioned media and blood plasma at a flow rate of 10 μL min-1. The isolated sEV subpopulations are characterized by NTA and TEM, and their protein cargo is determined by WB. This acoustic trapping chip provides a rapid and robust method to enrich sEVs from biofluids with high reproducibility and sufficient quantities. Therefore, it can serve as a new tool for biological and clinical research such as cancer diagnosis and drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengli Chen
- CAS Key Lab of Bio-Medical Diagnostics, Suzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215163, China.
| | - Zhiguo Pei
- CAS Key Lab of Bio-Medical Diagnostics, Suzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215163, China.
| | - Yao Wang
- CAS Key Lab of Bio-Medical Diagnostics, Suzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215163, China.
| | - Feifei Song
- CAS Key Lab of Bio-Medical Diagnostics, Suzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215163, China.
| | - Jinfeng Zhong
- CAS Key Lab of Bio-Medical Diagnostics, Suzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215163, China.
| | - Ce Wang
- CAS Key Lab of Bio-Medical Diagnostics, Suzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215163, China.
| | - Yuting Ma
- CAS Key Lab of Bio-Medical Diagnostics, Suzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215163, China.
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8
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Wei W, Wang Z, Wang B, He X, Wang Y, Bai Y, Yang Q, Pang W, Duan X. Acoustofluidic manipulation for submicron to nanoparticles. Electrophoresis 2024. [PMID: 38794970 DOI: 10.1002/elps.202400062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2024] [Revised: 04/25/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/27/2024]
Abstract
Particles, ranging from submicron to nanometer scale, can be broadly categorized into biological and non-biological types. Submicron-to-nanoscale bioparticles include various bacteria, viruses, liposomes, and exosomes. Non-biological particles cover various inorganic, metallic, and carbon-based particles. The effective manipulation of these submicron to nanoparticles, including their separation, sorting, enrichment, assembly, trapping, and transport, is a fundamental requirement for different applications. Acoustofluidics, owing to their distinct advantages, have emerged as a potent tool for nanoparticle manipulation over the past decade. Although recent literature reviews have encapsulated the evolution of acoustofluidic technology, there is a paucity of reports specifically addressing the acoustical manipulation of submicron to nanoparticles. This article endeavors to provide a comprehensive study of this topic, delving into the principles, apparatus, and merits of acoustofluidic manipulation of submicron to nanoparticles, and discussing the state-of-the-art developments in this technology. The discourse commences with an introduction to the fundamental theory of acoustofluidic control and the forces involved in nanoparticle manipulation. Subsequently, the working mechanism of acoustofluidic manipulation of submicron to nanoparticles is dissected into two parts, dominated by the acoustic wave field and the acoustic streaming field. A critical analysis of the advantages and limitations of different acoustofluidic platforms in nanoparticles control is presented. The article concludes with a summary of the challenges acoustofluidics face in the realm of nanoparticle manipulation and analysis, and a forecast of future development prospects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measuring Technology & Instruments, Tianjin University, Tianjin, P. R. China
| | - Zhaoxun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measuring Technology & Instruments, Tianjin University, Tianjin, P. R. China
| | - Bingnan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measuring Technology & Instruments, Tianjin University, Tianjin, P. R. China
| | - Xinyuan He
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measuring Technology & Instruments, Tianjin University, Tianjin, P. R. China
| | - Yaping Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measuring Technology & Instruments, Tianjin University, Tianjin, P. R. China
| | - Yang Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measuring Technology & Instruments, Tianjin University, Tianjin, P. R. China
| | - Qingrui Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measuring Technology & Instruments, Tianjin University, Tianjin, P. R. China
| | - Wei Pang
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measuring Technology & Instruments, Tianjin University, Tianjin, P. R. China
| | - Xuexin Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measuring Technology & Instruments, Tianjin University, Tianjin, P. R. China
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9
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Guo H, Wang D, Feng S, Zhang K, Luo Y, Zhao J. A novel viscoelastic microfluidic platform for nanoparticle/small extracellular vesicle separation through viscosity gradient-induced migration. BIOMICROFLUIDICS 2024; 18:034107. [PMID: 38947280 PMCID: PMC11210975 DOI: 10.1063/5.0208417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024]
Abstract
Small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) are extracellular vesicles with diameters ranging from 30 to 150 nm, harboring proteins and nucleic acids that reflect their source cells and act as vital mediators of intercellular communication. The comprehensive analysis of sEVs is hindered by the complex composition of biofluids that contain various extracellular vesicles. Conventional separation methods, such as ultracentrifugation and immunoaffinity capture, face routine challenges in operation complexity, cost, and compromised recovery rates. Microfluidic technologies, particularly viscoelastic microfluidics, offer a promising alternative for sEV separation due to its field-free nature, fast and simple operation procedure, and minimal sample consumption. In this context, we here introduce an innovative viscoelastic approach designed to exploit the viscosity gradient-induced force with size-dependent characteristics, thereby enabling the efficient separation of nano-sized particles and sEVs from larger impurities. We first seek to illustrate the underlying mechanism of the viscosity gradient-induced force, followed by experimental validation with fluorescent nanoparticles demonstrating separation results consistent with qualitative analysis. We believe that this work is the first to report such viscosity gradient-induced phenomenon in the microfluidic context. The presented approach achieves ∼80% for both target purity and recovery rate. We further demonstrate effective sEV separation using our device to showcase its efficacy in the real biological context, highlighting its potential as a versatile, label-free platform for sEV analysis in both fundamental biological research and clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Kaihuan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuan Luo
- Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed: and
| | - Jianlong Zhao
- Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed: and
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10
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Wang Y, Wei W, Guan X, Yang Y, Tang B, Guo W, Sun C, Duan X. A Microflow Cytometer Enabled by Monolithic Integration of a Microreflector with an Acoustic Resonator. ACS Sens 2024; 9:1428-1437. [PMID: 38382073 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.3c02530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
Current microflow cytometers suffer from complicated fluidic integration and low fluorescence collection efficiency, resulting in reduced portability and sensitivity. Herein, we demonstrated a new flow cell design based on an on-chip monolithically integrated microreflector with a bulk acoustic wave resonator (MBAW). It enables simultaneous 3D particle focusing and fluorescence enhancement without using shear flow. Benefited by the on-chip microreflector, the captured fluorescence intensity was 1.8-fold greater than that of the Si substrate and 8.3-fold greater than that of the SiO2 substrate, greatly improving the detection sensitivity. Combined with the contactless acoustic streaming-based focusing, particle sensing with a coefficient of variation as low as 6.1% was achieved. We also demonstrated the difference between live and dead cells and performed a cell cycle assay using the as-developed microflow cytometry. This monolithic integrated MBAW provides a new type of opto-acoustofluidic system and has the potential to be a highly integrated, highly sensitive flow cytometer for applications such as in vitro diagnostics and point of care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaping Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measuring Technology & Instruments and College of Precision Instrument and Optoelectronics Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Wei Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measuring Technology & Instruments and College of Precision Instrument and Optoelectronics Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Xieruiqi Guan
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measuring Technology & Instruments and College of Precision Instrument and Optoelectronics Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Yang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measuring Technology & Instruments and College of Precision Instrument and Optoelectronics Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Bingyi Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measuring Technology & Instruments and College of Precision Instrument and Optoelectronics Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Wenlan Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measuring Technology & Instruments and College of Precision Instrument and Optoelectronics Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Chen Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measuring Technology & Instruments and College of Precision Instrument and Optoelectronics Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Xuexin Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measuring Technology & Instruments and College of Precision Instrument and Optoelectronics Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
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11
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Rufo J, Zhang P, Wang Z, Gu Y, Yang K, Rich J, Chen C, Zhong R, Jin K, He Y, Xia J, Li K, Wu J, Ouyang Y, Sadovsky Y, Lee LP, Huang TJ. High-yield and rapid isolation of extracellular vesicles by flocculation via orbital acoustic trapping: FLOAT. MICROSYSTEMS & NANOENGINEERING 2024; 10:23. [PMID: 38317693 PMCID: PMC10838941 DOI: 10.1038/s41378-023-00648-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/11/2023] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have been identified as promising biomarkers for the noninvasive diagnosis of various diseases. However, challenges in separating EVs from soluble proteins have resulted in variable EV recovery rates and low purities. Here, we report a high-yield ( > 90%) and rapid ( < 10 min) EV isolation method called FLocculation via Orbital Acoustic Trapping (FLOAT). The FLOAT approach utilizes an acoustofluidic droplet centrifuge to rotate and controllably heat liquid droplets. By adding a thermoresponsive polymer flocculant, nanoparticles as small as 20 nm can be rapidly and selectively concentrated at the center of the droplet. We demonstrate the ability of FLOAT to separate urinary EVs from the highly abundant Tamm-Horsfall protein, addressing a significant obstacle in the development of EV-based liquid biopsies. Due to its high-yield nature, FLOAT reduces biofluid starting volume requirements by a factor of 100 (from 20 mL to 200 µL), demonstrating its promising potential in point-of-care diagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Rufo
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, NC USA
| | - Peiran Zhang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, NC USA
| | - Zeyu Wang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, NC USA
| | - Yuyang Gu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, NC USA
| | - Kaichun Yang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, NC USA
| | - Joseph Rich
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC USA
| | - Chuyi Chen
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, NC USA
| | - Ruoyu Zhong
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, NC USA
| | - Ke Jin
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, NC USA
| | - Ye He
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, NC USA
| | - Jianping Xia
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, NC USA
| | - Ke Li
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, NC USA
| | - Jiarong Wu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, NC USA
| | - Yingshi Ouyang
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, Magee-Womens Research Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA USA
| | - Yoel Sadovsky
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, Magee-Womens Research Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA USA
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA USA
| | - Luke P. Lee
- Renal Division and Division of Engineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA USA
- Department of Bioengineering, Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA USA
- Department of Biophysics, Institute of Quantum Biophysics, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Korea
| | - Tony Jun Huang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, NC USA
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12
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Wu Z, Cai H, Tian C, Ao Z, Jiang L, Guo F. Exploiting Sound for Emerging Applications of Extracellular Vesicles. NANO RESEARCH 2024; 17:462-475. [PMID: 38712329 PMCID: PMC11073796 DOI: 10.1007/s12274-023-5840-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2023] [Revised: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles are nano- to microscale, membrane-bound particles released by cells into extracellular space, and act as carriers of biomarkers and therapeutics, holding promising potential in translational medicine. However, the challenges remain in handling and detecting extracellular vesicles for disease diagnosis as well as exploring their therapeutic capability for disease treatment. Here, we review the recent engineering and technology advances by leveraging the power of sound waves to address the challenges in diagnostic and therapeutic applications of extracellular vesicles and biomimetic nanovesicles. We first introduce the fundamental principles of sound waves for understanding different acoustic-assisted extracellular vesicle technologies. We discuss the acoustic-assisted diagnostic methods including the purification, manipulation, biosensing, and bioimaging of extracellular vesicles. Then, we summarize the recent advances in acoustically enhanced therapeutics using extracellular vesicles and biomimetic nanovesicles. Finally, we provide perspectives into current challenges and future clinical applications of the promising extracellular vesicles and biomimetic nanovesicles powered by sound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuhao Wu
- Department of Intelligent Systems Engineering, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, United States
| | - Hongwei Cai
- Department of Intelligent Systems Engineering, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, United States
| | - Chunhui Tian
- Department of Intelligent Systems Engineering, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, United States
| | - Zheng Ao
- Department of Intelligent Systems Engineering, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, United States
| | - Lei Jiang
- Department of Intelligent Systems Engineering, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, United States
| | - Feng Guo
- Department of Intelligent Systems Engineering, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, United States
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13
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Zhang D, Hu Y, Gao R, Ge S, Zhang J, Zhang X, Xia N. Numerical and experimental investigation on the performance of rapid ultrasonic-assisted nucleic acid extraction based on dispersive two-phase flow. Anal Chim Acta 2024; 1288:342176. [PMID: 38220306 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2023.342176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nucleic acid extraction (NAE) is an essential step in the whole process of nucleic acid detection (NAT). Traditional manual extraction methods are time-consuming and laborious, unfavorable to the point-of-care testing of nucleic acids. Ultrasound has been emphasized due to its noncontact and easy-to-manipulate characteristics, and integration with microfluidic chip can realize rapid NAE through acoustic streaming effect. The uniformity of magnetic bead mixing in this process is a critical factor affecting the extraction effect. In this study, we developed an ultrasound-assisted NAE technique based on the magnetic bead method and optimized the chip structure to achieve rapid NAE. RESULT We use ultrasonic-assisted coupled with magnetic bead method for ultra-fast NAE. The mixing process of magnetic beads driven by acoustic streaming is simulated by a dispersive two-phase flow model, and the ultrasonic incidence angle (θin), cone structure aspect ratio (Dc/Hc) and sheet structure thickness (Hp) are optimized to enhance the mixing performance. Furthermore, the effectiveness of NAE is validated by utilizing quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) detection. The findings reveal that a θin value of 10° yields superior mixing performance compared to other incidence angles, resulting in a maximum increase of 84 % in mixing intensity. When Dc/Hc = 0.5 and Hp = 0.5 mm, the maximum mixing index in the localized region of the chamber after 1 s of ultrasound action can reach 83.6 % and 92.5 %, respectively. Compared to the original chamber, the CT values extracted after 5 s of ultrasound action shifted forward by up to 1.9 ct and 4.1 ct, respectively. SIGNIFICANCE The dispersed two-phase flow model can effectively simulate the mixing process of magnetic beads, which plays an important role in assisting the structural design of chip extraction chambers. The single-step mixing of ultrasound-assisted NAE takes only 15s to achieve an extraction performance comparable to manual extraction. The extraction process can be completed within 7 min after integrating this technology with microfluidic chips and automated equipment, providing a solution for automated and efficient NAE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongxu Zhang
- National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases,State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics,National Innovation Platform for Industry-Education Integration in Vaccine Research,the Research Unit of Frontier Technology of Structural Vaccinology of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences,Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Yang Hu
- National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases,State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics,National Innovation Platform for Industry-Education Integration in Vaccine Research,the Research Unit of Frontier Technology of Structural Vaccinology of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences,Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China; Discipline of Intelligent Instrument and Equipment, Xiamen University, Fujian, China; Department of Experimental Medicine, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Runxin Gao
- National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases,State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics,National Innovation Platform for Industry-Education Integration in Vaccine Research,the Research Unit of Frontier Technology of Structural Vaccinology of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences,Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China; Department of Experimental Medicine, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Shengxiang Ge
- National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases,State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics,National Innovation Platform for Industry-Education Integration in Vaccine Research,the Research Unit of Frontier Technology of Structural Vaccinology of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences,Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases,State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics,National Innovation Platform for Industry-Education Integration in Vaccine Research,the Research Unit of Frontier Technology of Structural Vaccinology of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences,Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Xianglei Zhang
- School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Ningshao Xia
- National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases,State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics,National Innovation Platform for Industry-Education Integration in Vaccine Research,the Research Unit of Frontier Technology of Structural Vaccinology of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences,Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China.
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14
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Gorgzadeh A, Nazari A, Ali Ehsan Ismaeel A, Safarzadeh D, Hassan JAK, Mohammadzadehsaliani S, Kheradjoo H, Yasamineh P, Yasamineh S. A state-of-the-art review of the recent advances in exosome isolation and detection methods in viral infection. Virol J 2024; 21:34. [PMID: 38291452 PMCID: PMC10829349 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-024-02301-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Proteins, RNA, DNA, lipids, and carbohydrates are only some of the molecular components found in exosomes released by tumor cells. They play an essential role in healthy and diseased cells as messengers of short- and long-distance intercellular communication. However, since exosomes are released by every kind of cell and may be found in blood and other bodily fluids, they may one day serve as biomarkers for a wide range of disorders. In many pathological conditions, including cancer, inflammation, and infection, they play a role. It has been shown that the biogenesis of exosomes is analogous to that of viruses and that the exosomal cargo plays an essential role in the propagation, dissemination, and infection of several viruses. Bidirectional modulation of the immune response is achieved by the ability of exosomes associated with viruses to facilitate immunological escape and stimulate the body's antiviral immune response. Recently, exosomes have received a lot of interest due to their potential therapeutic use as biomarkers for viral infections such as human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), Hepatitis B virus (HBV), Hepatitis C virus (HCV), Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), and SARS-CoV-2. This article discusses the purification procedures and detection techniques for exosomes and examines the research on exosomes as a biomarker of viral infection.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ahmad Nazari
- Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Diba Safarzadeh
- Vocational School of Health Service, Near East University, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Jawad A K Hassan
- National University of Science and Technology, Nasiriyah, Dhi Qar, Iraq
| | | | | | - Pooneh Yasamineh
- Young Researchers and Elite Club, Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Saman Yasamineh
- Young Researchers and Elite Club, Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran.
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15
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Ma X, Chen Z, Chen W, Chen Z, Meng X. Exosome subpopulations: The isolation and the functions in diseases. Gene 2024; 893:147905. [PMID: 37844851 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2023.147905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023]
Abstract
Exosomes are nanoscale extracellular vesicles secreted by cells. Exosomes mediate intercellular communication by releasing their bioactive contents (e.g., DNAs, RNAs, lipids, proteins, and metabolites). The components of exosomes are regulated by the producing cells of exosomes. Due to their diverse origins, exosomes are highly heterogeneous in size, content, and function. Depending on these characteristics, exosomes can be divided into multiple subpopulations which have different functions. Efficient enrichment of specific subpopulations of exosomes helps to investigate their biological functions. Accordingly, numerous techniques have been developed to isolate specific subpopulations of exosomes. This review systematically introduces emerging new technologies for the isolation of different exosome subpopulations and summarizes the critical role of specific exosome subpopulations in diseases, especially in tumor occurrence and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyi Ma
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Health Science Center, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Health Science Center, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, China; Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo University, China
| | - Zhenhua Chen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Health Science Center, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Health Science Center, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, China; Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo University, China
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Health Science Center, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Health Science Center, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, China; Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo University, China
| | - Ziyuan Chen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Health Science Center, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Health Science Center, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, China; Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo University, China
| | - Xiaodan Meng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Health Science Center, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Health Science Center, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, China; Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo University, China.
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16
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Shen Y, Gwak H, Han B. Advanced manufacturing of nanoparticle formulations of drugs and biologics using microfluidics. Analyst 2024; 149:614-637. [PMID: 38083968 PMCID: PMC10842755 DOI: 10.1039/d3an01739g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2024]
Abstract
Numerous innovative nanoparticle formulations of drugs and biologics, named nano-formulations, have been developed in the last two decades. However, methods for their scaled-up production are still lagging, as the amount needed for large animal tests and clinical trials is typically orders of magnitude larger. This manufacturing challenge poses a critical barrier to successfully translating various nano-formulations. This review focuses on how microfluidics technology has become a powerful tool to overcome this challenge by synthesizing various nano-formulations with improved particle properties and product purity in large quantities. This microfluidic-based manufacturing is enabled by microfluidic mixing, which is capable of the precise and continuous control of the synthesis of nano-formulations. We further discuss the specific applications of hydrodynamic flow focusing, a staggered herringbone micromixer, a T-junction mixer, a micro-droplet generator, and a glass capillary on various types of nano-formulations of polymeric, lipid, inorganic, and nanocrystals. Various separation and purification microfluidic methods to enhance the product purity are reviewed, including acoustofluidics, hydrodynamics, and dielectrophoresis. We further discuss the challenges of microfluidics being used by broader research and industrial communities. We also provide future outlooks of its enormous potential as a decentralized approach for manufacturing nano-formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingnan Shen
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA.
| | - Hogyeong Gwak
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA.
| | - Bumsoo Han
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA.
- Purdue University Institute for Cancer Research, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
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17
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Luo Y, Xu T. Ultrasound-Induced Enrichment of Ultra-Trace miRNA Biosensing in Nanoliter Samples. Methods Mol Biol 2024; 2822:25-36. [PMID: 38907909 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3918-4_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/24/2024]
Abstract
The rapid and accurate analysis of micro-samples is a crucial foundation for precision medicine, particularly for early screening and monitoring of cancer, where it holds significant importance. Ultrasound-based multifunctional biocompatible manipulation techniques have been extensively applied in a variety of biomedical fields, providing insights for the development of rapid, cost-effective, and accurate biomarker detection strategies. In this chapter, we combine ultrasound-based gradient pressure fields with functionalized microsphere enrichment to develop a biosensing method for ultra-trace miRNA enrichment in nanoliter samples without PCR. This system relies on inexpensive capillaries, enabling simultaneous visual imaging and trace sample detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Luo
- The Institute for Advanced Study (IAS), Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Bioengineering and Sensing Technology, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Tailin Xu
- The Institute for Advanced Study (IAS), Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.
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18
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Rich J, Cole B, Li T, Lu B, Fu H, Smith BN, Xia J, Yang S, Zhong R, Doherty JL, Kaneko K, Suzuki H, Tian Z, Franklin AD, Huang TJ. Aerosol jet printing of surface acoustic wave microfluidic devices. MICROSYSTEMS & NANOENGINEERING 2024; 10:2. [PMID: 38169478 PMCID: PMC10757899 DOI: 10.1038/s41378-023-00606-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Revised: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
The addition of surface acoustic wave (SAW) technologies to microfluidics has greatly advanced lab-on-a-chip applications due to their unique and powerful attributes, including high-precision manipulation, versatility, integrability, biocompatibility, contactless nature, and rapid actuation. However, the development of SAW microfluidic devices is limited by complex and time-consuming micro/nanofabrication techniques and access to cleanroom facilities for multistep photolithography and vacuum-based processing. To simplify the fabrication of SAW microfluidic devices with customizable dimensions and functions, we utilized the additive manufacturing technique of aerosol jet printing. We successfully fabricated customized SAW microfluidic devices of varying materials, including silver nanowires, graphene, and poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT:PSS). To characterize and compare the acoustic actuation performance of these aerosol jet printed SAW microfluidic devices with their cleanroom-fabricated counterparts, the wave displacements and resonant frequencies of the different fabricated devices were directly measured through scanning laser Doppler vibrometry. Finally, to exhibit the capability of the aerosol jet printed devices for lab-on-a-chip applications, we successfully conducted acoustic streaming and particle concentration experiments. Overall, we demonstrated a novel solution-based, direct-write, single-step, cleanroom-free additive manufacturing technique to rapidly develop SAW microfluidic devices that shows viability for applications in the fields of biology, chemistry, engineering, and medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Rich
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708 USA
| | - Brian Cole
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708 USA
| | - Teng Li
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA
| | - Brandon Lu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708 USA
| | - Hanyu Fu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708 USA
| | - Brittany N. Smith
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708 USA
| | - Jianping Xia
- Thomas Lord Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708 USA
| | - Shujie Yang
- Thomas Lord Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708 USA
| | - Ruoyu Zhong
- Thomas Lord Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708 USA
| | - James L. Doherty
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708 USA
| | - Kanji Kaneko
- Deptartment of Precision Mechanics, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Chuo University, Tokyo, 112-8551 Japan
| | - Hiroaki Suzuki
- Deptartment of Precision Mechanics, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Chuo University, Tokyo, 112-8551 Japan
| | - Zhenhua Tian
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA
| | - Aaron D. Franklin
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708 USA
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708 USA
| | - Tony Jun Huang
- Thomas Lord Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708 USA
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19
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Wang Q, Maramizonouz S, Stringer Martin M, Zhang J, Ong HL, Liu Q, Yang X, Rahmati M, Torun H, Ng WP, Wu Q, Binns R, Fu Y. Acoustofluidic patterning in glass capillaries using travelling acoustic waves based on thin film flexible platform. ULTRASONICS 2024; 136:107149. [PMID: 37703751 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultras.2023.107149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023]
Abstract
Surface acoustic wave (SAW) technology has been widely used to manipulate microparticles and biological species, based on acoustic radiation force (ARF) and drag force induced by acoustic streaming, either by standing SAWs (SSAWs) or travelling SAWs (TSAWs). These acoustofluidic patterning functions can be achieved within a polymer chamber or a glass capillary with various cross-sections positioned along the wave propagating paths. In this paper, we demonstrated that microparticles can be aligned, patterned, and concentrated within both circular and rectangular glass capillaries using TSAWs based on a piezoelectric thin film acoustic wave platform. The glass capillary was placed at different angles along with the interdigital transducer directions. We systematically investigated effects of tilting angles and wave characteristics using numerical simulations in both circular and square shaped capillaries, and the patterning mechanisms were discussed and compared with those agitated under the SSAWs. We then experimentally verified the particle patterns within different glass capillaries using thin film ZnO SAW devices on aluminum (Al) sheets. Results show that the propagating SAWs can generate acoustic pressures and patterns in the fluid due to the diffractive effects, drag forces and ARF, as functions of the SAW device's resonant frequency and tilting angle. We demonstrated potential applications using this multiplexing, integrated, and flexible thin film-based platform, including patterning particles (1) inside multiple and successively positioned circular tubes; (2) inside a solidified hydrogel in the glass capillary; and (3) by wrapping a flexible ZnO/Al SAW device around the glass capillary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiaoyun Wang
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Micro-Nano Precision Optical Sensing and Measurement Technology, School of Control Engineering, Northeastern University at Qinhuangdao, 066004, PR China; Faculty of Engineering and Environment, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 8ST, UK
| | - Sadaf Maramizonouz
- Faculty of Engineering and Environment, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 8ST, UK; School of Engineering, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, UK
| | - Mercedes Stringer Martin
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, School of Engineering, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF24 3AA, UK
| | - Jikai Zhang
- Faculty of Engineering and Environment, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 8ST, UK
| | - Hui Ling Ong
- Faculty of Engineering and Environment, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 8ST, UK
| | - Qiang Liu
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Micro-Nano Precision Optical Sensing and Measurement Technology, School of Control Engineering, Northeastern University at Qinhuangdao, 066004, PR China; Faculty of Engineering and Environment, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 8ST, UK
| | - Xin Yang
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, School of Engineering, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF24 3AA, UK
| | - Mohammad Rahmati
- Faculty of Engineering and Environment, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 8ST, UK
| | - Hamdi Torun
- Faculty of Engineering and Environment, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 8ST, UK
| | - Wai Pang Ng
- Faculty of Engineering and Environment, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 8ST, UK
| | - Qiang Wu
- Faculty of Engineering and Environment, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 8ST, UK
| | - Richard Binns
- Faculty of Engineering and Environment, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 8ST, UK
| | - Yongqing Fu
- Faculty of Engineering and Environment, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 8ST, UK.
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20
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Ghorbani R, Hosseinzadeh S, Azari A, Taghipour N, Soleimani M, Rahimpour A, Abbaszadeh HA. The Current Status and Future Direction of Extracellular Nano-vesicles in the Alleviation of Skin Disorders. Curr Stem Cell Res Ther 2024; 19:351-366. [PMID: 37073662 DOI: 10.2174/1574888x18666230418121053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2022] [Revised: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/20/2023]
Abstract
Exosomes are extracellular vesicles (EVs) that originate from endocytic membranes. The transfer of biomolecules and biological compounds such as enzymes, proteins, RNA, lipids, and cellular waste disposal through exosomes plays an essential function in cell-cell communication and regulation of pathological and physiological processes in skin disease. The skin is one of the vital organs that makes up about 8% of the total body mass. This organ consists of three layers, epidermis, dermis, and hypodermis that cover the outer surface of the body. Heterogeneity and endogeneity of exosomes is an advantage that distinguishes them from nanoparticles and liposomes and leads to their widespread usage in the remedy of dermal diseases. The biocompatible nature of these extracellular vesicles has attracted the attention of many health researchers. In this review article, we will first discuss the biogenesis of exosomes, their contents, separation methods, and the advantages and disadvantages of exosomes. Then we will highlight recent developments related to the therapeutic applications of exosomes in the treatment of common skin disorders like atopic dermatitis, alopecia, epidermolysis bullosa, keloid, melanoma, psoriasis, and systemic sclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raziyeh Ghorbani
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell Sciences, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Simzar Hosseinzadeh
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell Sciences, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Arezo Azari
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell Sciences, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Niloofar Taghipour
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell Sciences, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Masoud Soleimani
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell Sciences, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Azam Rahimpour
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell Sciences, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hojjat Allah Abbaszadeh
- Laser Application in Medical Sciences Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Hearing Disorders Research Center, Loghman Hakim Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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21
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He Y, Yang S, Liu P, Li K, Jin K, Becker R, Zhang J, Lin C, Xia J, Ma Z, Ma Z, Zhong R, Lee LP, Huang TJ. Acoustofluidic Interfaces for the Mechanobiological Secretome of MSCs. Nat Commun 2023; 14:7639. [PMID: 37993431 PMCID: PMC10665559 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-43239-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023] Open
Abstract
While mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have gained enormous attention due to their unique properties of self-renewal, colony formation, and differentiation potential, the MSC secretome has become attractive due to its roles in immunomodulation, anti-inflammatory activity, angiogenesis, and anti-apoptosis. However, the precise stimulation and efficient production of the MSC secretome for therapeutic applications are challenging problems to solve. Here, we report on Acoustofluidic Interfaces for the Mechanobiological Secretome of MSCs: AIMS. We create an acoustofluidic mechanobiological environment to form reproducible three-dimensional MSC aggregates, which produce the MSC secretome with high efficiency. We confirm the increased MSC secretome is due to improved cell-cell interactions using AIMS: the key mediator N-cadherin was up-regulated while functional blocking of N-cadherin resulted in no enhancement of the secretome. After being primed by IFN-γ, the secretome profile of the MSC aggregates contains more anti-inflammatory cytokines and can be used to inhibit the pro-inflammatory response of M1 phenotype macrophages, suppress T cell activation, and support B cell functions. As such, the MSC secretome can be modified for personalized secretome-based therapies. AIMS acts as a powerful tool for improving the MSC secretome and precisely tuning the secretory profile to develop new treatments in translational medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye He
- Thomas Lord Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
| | - Shujie Yang
- Thomas Lord Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
| | - Pengzhan Liu
- Thomas Lord Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
| | - Ke Li
- Thomas Lord Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
| | - Ke Jin
- Thomas Lord Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
| | - Ryan Becker
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
| | - Jinxin Zhang
- Thomas Lord Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
| | - Chuanchuan Lin
- Department of Blood Transfusion, Irradiation Biology Laboratory, Xinqiao Hospital, Chongqing, 400037, China
| | - Jianping Xia
- Thomas Lord Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
| | - Zhehan Ma
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
| | - Zhiteng Ma
- Thomas Lord Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
| | - Ruoyu Zhong
- Thomas Lord Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
| | - Luke P Lee
- Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Renal Division and Division of Engineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA.
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA.
- Department of Biophysics, Institute of Quantum Biophysics, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Korea.
- Department of Chemistry and Nanoscience, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Korea.
| | - Tony Jun Huang
- Thomas Lord Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA.
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22
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Wu Y, Zhao Y, Islam K, Zhou Y, Omidi S, Berdichevsky Y, Liu Y. Acoustofluidic Engineering of Functional Vessel-on-a-Chip. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2023; 9:6273-6281. [PMID: 37787770 PMCID: PMC10646832 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.3c00925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
Construction of in vitro vascular models is of great significance to various biomedical research, such as pharmacokinetics and hemodynamics, and thus is an important direction in the tissue engineering field. In this work, a standing surface acoustic wave field was constructed to spatially arrange suspended endothelial cells into a designated acoustofluidic pattern. The cell patterning was maintained after the acoustic field was withdrawn within the solidified hydrogel. Then, interstitial flow was provided to activate vessel tube formation. In this way, a functional vessel network with specific vessel geometry was engineered on-chip. Vascular function, including perfusability and vascular barrier function, was characterized by microbead loading and dextran diffusion, respectively. A computational atomistic simulation model was proposed to illustrate how solutes cross the vascular membrane lipid bilayer. The reported acoustofluidic methodology is capable of facile and reproducible fabrication of the functional vessel network with specific geometry and high resolution. It is promising to facilitate the development of both fundamental research and regenerative therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Wu
- Department
of Bioengineering, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015, United States
| | - Yuwen Zhao
- Department
of Bioengineering, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015, United States
| | - Khayrul Islam
- Department
of Mechanical Engineering and Mechanics, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015, United States
| | - Yuyuan Zhou
- Department
of Bioengineering, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015, United States
| | - Saeed Omidi
- Department
of Bioengineering, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015, United States
| | - Yevgeny Berdichevsky
- Department
of Bioengineering, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015, United States
- Department
of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015, United States
| | - Yaling Liu
- Department
of Bioengineering, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015, United States
- Department
of Mechanical Engineering and Mechanics, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015, United States
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23
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Wu W, He J. Unveiling the functional paradigm of exosome-derived long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in cancer: based on a narrative review and systematic review. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2023; 149:15219-15247. [PMID: 37578522 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-023-05273-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The intricate mechanisms underlying intercellular communication within the tumor microenvironment remain largely elusive. Recently, attention has shifted towards exploring the intercellular signaling mediated by exosomal long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) within this context. This comprehensive systematic review aims to elucidate the functional paradigm of exosome-derived lncRNAs in cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS The review provides a comprehensive narrative of lncRNA definition, characteristics, as well as the formation, sorting, and uptake processes of exosome-derived lncRNAs. Additionally, it describes comprehensive technology for exosome research and nucleic acid drug loading. This review further systematically examines the cellular origins, functional roles, and underlying mechanisms of exosome-derived lncRNAs in recipient cells within the cancer setting. RESULTS The functional paradigm of exosome-derived lncRNAs in cancer mainly depends on the source cells and sorting mechanism of exosomal lncRNAs, the recipient cells and uptake mechanisms of exosomal lncRNAs, and the specific molecular mechanisms of lncRNAs in recipient cells. The source cells of exosomal lncRNAs mainly involved in the current review included tumor cells, cancer stem cells, normal cells, macrophages, and cancer-associated fibroblasts. CONCLUSION This synthesis of knowledge offers valuable insights for accurately identifying exosomal lncRNAs with potential as tumor biomarkers. Moreover, it aids in the selection of appropriate targeting strategies and preclinical models, thereby facilitating the clinical translation of exosomal lncRNAs as promising therapeutic targets against cancer. Through a comprehensive understanding of the functional role of exosome-derived lncRNAs in cancer, this review paves the way for advancements in personalized medicine and improved treatment outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhan Wu
- Department of General Surgery (Gastrointestinal Surgery), The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.
| | - Jia He
- Faculty Affairs and Human Resources Management Department, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
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24
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Kolesnik K, Pham DQL, Fong J, Collins DJ. Thomson-Einstein's Tea Leaf Paradox Revisited: Aggregation in Rings. MICROMACHINES 2023; 14:2024. [PMID: 38004882 PMCID: PMC10672922 DOI: 10.3390/mi14112024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023]
Abstract
A distinct particle focusing spot occurs in the center of a rotating fluid, presenting an apparent paradox given the presence of particle inertia. It is recognized, however, that the presence of a secondary flow with a radial component drives this particle aggregation. In this study, we expand on the examination of this "Thomson-Einstein's tea leaf paradox" phenomenon, where we use a combined experimental and computational approach to investigate particle aggregation dynamics. We show that not only the rotational velocity, but also the vessel shape, have a significant influence on a particle's equilibrium position. We accordingly demonstrate the formation of a single focusing spot in a vessel center, as has been conclusively demonstrated elsewhere, but also the repeatable formation of stable ring-shaped particle arrangements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirill Kolesnik
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia; (K.K.); (J.F.)
| | - Daniel Quang Le Pham
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia; (K.K.); (J.F.)
| | - Jessica Fong
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia; (K.K.); (J.F.)
| | - David John Collins
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia; (K.K.); (J.F.)
- The Graeme Clark Institute, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
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25
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Qian J, Lan H, Huang L, Zheng S, Hu X, Chen M, Lee JEY, Zhang W. Acoustofluidics for simultaneous droplet transport and centrifugation facilitating ultrasensitive biomarker detection. LAB ON A CHIP 2023; 23:4343-4351. [PMID: 37718921 DOI: 10.1039/d3lc00626c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/19/2023]
Abstract
Trace biological sample detection is critical for the analysis of pathologies in biomedicine. Integration of microfluidic manipulation techniques typically strengthens biosensing performance. For instance, using isothermal amplification reactions to sense trace miRNA in peripheral circulation lacks a sufficiently complex pretreatment process that limits the sensitivity of on-chip detection. Herein we propose an orthogonal tunable acoustic tweezer (OTAT) to simultaneously actuate the transportation and centrifugation of μ-droplets on a single device. The OTAT enables diversified modes of droplet transportation such as unidirectional transport, multi-direction transport, round-trip transport, tilt angle movement, multi-droplet fusion, and continuous centrifugation of the dynamic droplets simultaneously. The multiplicity of modalities enables the focusing of a loaded analyte at the center of the droplet or constant rotation about the center axis of the droplet. We herein demonstrate the OTAT's ability to actuate transportation, fusion, and centrifugation-based pretreatment of two biological sample droplets loaded with miRNA biomarkers and multiple mixtures, as well as facilitating the increase of fluorescence detection sensitivity by an order of magnitude compared to traditional tube reaction methods. The results herein demonstrate the OTAT-based droplet acoustofluidic platform's ability to combine a wide range of biosensing mechanisms and provide a higher accuracy of detection for one-stop point-of-care disease diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingui Qian
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Measuring Theory and Precision Instrument, School of Instrument Science and Opto-Electronics Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China.
| | - Huaize Lan
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Measuring Theory and Precision Instrument, School of Instrument Science and Opto-Electronics Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China.
| | - Liang Huang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Measuring Theory and Precision Instrument, School of Instrument Science and Opto-Electronics Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China.
| | - Shaohui Zheng
- School of Medical Imaging, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221006, China.
| | - Xuefeng Hu
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Measuring Theory and Precision Instrument, School of Instrument Science and Opto-Electronics Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China.
| | - Minghui Chen
- School of Medical Imaging, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221006, China.
| | - Joshua E-Y Lee
- School of Electrical and Data Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Wei Zhang
- School of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China.
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26
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Sasso G, Pugno N, Busfield JJC, Carpi F. Soft robotic patterning of liquids. Sci Rep 2023; 13:15739. [PMID: 37735476 PMCID: PMC10514051 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-41755-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Patterning of two or more liquids, either homogeneous in each phase or mixed with particles (including biological matter, such as cells and proteins), by controlling their flow dynamics, is relevant to several applications. Examples include dynamic spatial confinement of liquids in microfluidic systems (such as lab-on-a-chip and organ-on-a-chip devices) or structuring of polymers to modulate various properties (such as strength, conductivity, transparency and surface finishing). State-of-the-art strategies use various technologies, including positioners, shakers and acoustic actuators, which often combine limited versatility of mixing with significant inefficiency, energy consumption, and noise, as well as tendency to increase the temperature of the liquids. Here, we describe a new kind of robotic mixers of liquids, based on electro-responsive smart materials (dielectric elastomer actuators). We show for the first time how an efficient soft robotic device can be used to produce, via combinations of rotations and translations, various spatial patterns in liquids and maintain them stable for a few minutes. Moreover, we show that, as compared to a conventional orbital shaker, the new type of robotic device can mix liquids with a higher efficacy (~ 94% relative to ~ 80%, after 8 min of mixing) and with a significantly lower increase of the liquids' temperature (+ 1 °C relative to + 5 °C, after 6 h of mixing). This is especially beneficial when mixing should occur according to controllable spatial features and should involve temperature-sensitive matter (such as biological cells, proteins, pre-polymers and other thermolabile molecules).
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Affiliation(s)
- Giacomo Sasso
- School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Rd, London, E1 4NS, UK
| | - Nicola Pugno
- School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Rd, London, E1 4NS, UK
- Department of Civil, Environmental and Mechanical Engineering, University of Trento, Via Mesiano, 77, 38123, Trento, Italy
| | - James J C Busfield
- School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Rd, London, E1 4NS, UK.
| | - Federico Carpi
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Florence, Via di Santa Marta 3, 50139, Florence, Italy.
- IRCCS Fondazione don Carlo Gnocchi ONLUS, Via di Scandicci 269, 50143, Florence, Italy.
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27
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Wang G, Li C, Miao C, Li S, Qiu B, Ding W. On-Chip Label-Free Sorting of Living and Dead Cells. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2023; 9:5430-5440. [PMID: 37603885 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.3c00820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/23/2023]
Abstract
With the emergence of various cutting-edge micromachining technologies, lab on a chip is growing rapidly, but it is always a challenge to realize the on-chip separation of living cells from cell samples without affecting cell activity and function. Herein, we report a novel on-chip label-free method for sorting living and dead cells by integrating the hypertonic stimulus and tilted-angle standing surface acoustic wave (T-SSAW) technologies. On a self-designed microfluidic chip, the hypertonic stimulus is used to distinguish cells by producing volume differences between living and dead cells, while T-SSAW is used to separate living and dead cells according to the cell volume difference. Under the optimized operation conditions, for the sample containing 50% of living human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and 50% of dead HUVECs treated with paraformaldehyde, the purity of living cells after the first separation can reach approximately 80%, while after the second separation, it can be as high as 93%; furthermore, the purity of living cells after separation increases with the initial proportion of living cells. In addition, the chip we designed is safe for cells and can robustly handle cell samples with different cell types or different causes of cell death. This work provides a new design of a microfluidic chip for label-free sorting of living and dead cells, greatly promoting the multi-functionality of lab on a chip.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guowei Wang
- School of Information Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230027, China
| | - Chengpan Li
- School of Information Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230027, China
| | - Chunguang Miao
- School of Engineering Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230027, China
| | - Shibo Li
- School of Information Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230027, China
- Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Bensheng Qiu
- School of Information Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230027, China
| | - Weiping Ding
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230001, China
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28
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Luo Y, Zhou M, Wang L, Fan C, Xu T, Zhang X. Programmable-Modulated Ultrasonic Transducer Array for Contactless Detection of Viral RNAs. SMALL METHODS 2023; 7:e2300592. [PMID: 37401195 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202300592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/05/2023]
Abstract
The current polymerase chain reactions-based nucleic acid tests for large-scale infectious disease diagnosis are always lab-dependent and generate large amounts of highly infectious plastic waste. Direct non-linear acoustic driven of microdroplets provide an ideal platform for contactless spatial and temporal manipulation of liquid samples. Here, a strategy to programmable-manipulate microdroplets using potential pressure well for contactless trace detection is conceptualized and designed. On such contactless modulation platform, up to seventy-two piezoelectric transducers are precisely self-focusing single-axis arranged and controlled, which can generate dynamic pressure nodes for effectively contact-free manipulating microdroplets without vessel contamination. In addition, the patterned microdroplet array can act as contactless microreactor and allow multiple trace samples (1-5 µL) biochemical analysis, and the ultrasonic vortex can also accelerate non-equilibrium chemical reactions such as recombinase polymerase amplification (RPA). The results of fluorescence detection indicated that such programmable modulated microdroplet achieved contactless trace nucleic acid detection with a sensitivity of 0.21 copy µL-1 in only 6-14 min, which is 30.3-43.3% shorter than the conventional RPA approach. Such a programmable containerless microdroplet platform can be used for toxic, hazardous, or infectious samples sensing, opening up new avenues for developing future fully automated detection systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Luo
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Medical School, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518060, P. R. China
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Bioengineering and Sensing Technology, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, P. R. China
| | - Mengyun Zhou
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Medical School, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518060, P. R. China
| | - Lirong Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Bioengineering and Sensing Technology, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, P. R. China
| | - Chuan Fan
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Bioengineering and Sensing Technology, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, P. R. China
| | - Tailin Xu
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Medical School, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518060, P. R. China
| | - Xueji Zhang
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Medical School, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518060, P. R. China
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29
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Wu Y, Zhao Y, Islam K, Zhou Y, Omidi S, Berdichevsky Y, Liu Y. Acoustofluidic Engineering Functional Vessel-on-a-Chip. ARXIV 2023:arXiv:2308.06219v2. [PMID: 37608938 PMCID: PMC10441438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/24/2023]
Abstract
Construction of in vitro vascular models is of great significance to various biomedical research, such as pharmacokinetics and hemodynamics, thus is an important direction in tissue engineering. In this work, a standing surface acoustic wave field was constructed to spatially arrange suspended endothelial cells into a designated patterning. The cell patterning was maintained after the acoustic field was withdrawn by the solidified hydrogel. Then, interstitial flow was provided to activate vessel tube formation. Thus, a functional vessel-on-a-chip was engineered with specific vessel geometry. Vascular function, including perfusability and vascular barrier function, was characterized by beads loading and dextran diffusion, respectively. A computational atomistic simulation model was proposed to illustrate how solutes cross vascular lipid bilayer. The reported acoustofluidic methodology is capable of facile and reproducible fabrication of functional vessel network with specific geometry. It is promising to facilitate the development of both fundamental research and regenerative therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Wu
- Department of Bioengineering, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015, USA
| | - Yuwen Zhao
- Department of Bioengineering, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015, USA
| | - Khayrul Islam
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Mechanics, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015, USA
| | - Yuyuan Zhou
- Department of Bioengineering, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015, USA
| | - Saeed Omidi
- Department of Bioengineering, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015, USA
| | - Yevgeny Berdichevsky
- Department of Bioengineering, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015, USA
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015, USA
| | - Yaling Liu
- Department of Bioengineering, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015, USA
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Mechanics, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015, USA
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30
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Dumčius P, Mikhaylov R, Zhang X, Bareford M, Stringer M, Errington R, Sun C, Gonzalez E, Krukovski T, Falcon-Perez JM, Liang D, Fu YQ, Clayton A, Yang X. Dual-Wave Acoustofluidic Centrifuge for Ultrafast Concentration of Nanoparticles and Extracellular Vesicles. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023; 19:e2300390. [PMID: 37118859 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202300390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Revised: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are secreted nanostructures that play various roles in critical cancer processes. They operate as an intercellular communication system, transferring complex sets of biomolecules from cell to cell. The concentration of EVs is difficult to decipher, and there is an unmet technological need for improved (faster, simpler, and gentler) approaches to isolate EVs from complex matrices. Herein, an acoustofluidic concentration of extracellular vesicles (ACEV) is presented, based on a thin-film printed circuit board with interdigital electrodes mounted on a piezoelectric substrate. An angle of 120° is identified between the electrodes and the reference flat of the piezoelectric substrate for simultaneous generation of Rayleigh and shear horizontal waves. The dual waves create a complex acoustic field in a droplet, resulting in effective concentration of nanoparticles and EVs. The ACEV is able to concentrate 20 nm nanospheres within 105 s and four EV dilutions derived from the human prostate cancer (Du145) cell line in approximately 30 s. Cryo-electron microscopy confirmed the preservation of EV integrity. The ACEV device holds great potential to revolutionize investigations of EVs. Its faster, simpler, and gentler approach to EV isolation and concentration can save time and effort in phenotypic and functional studies of EVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Povilas Dumčius
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, School of Engineering, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF243AA, UK
| | - Roman Mikhaylov
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, School of Engineering, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF243AA, UK
| | - Xiaoyan Zhang
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, School of Engineering, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF243AA, UK
| | - Matthew Bareford
- Tissue Micro-Environment Group, Division of Cancer & Genetics, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF144XN, UK
| | - Mercedes Stringer
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, School of Engineering, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF243AA, UK
| | - Rachel Errington
- Tissue Micro-Environment Group, Division of Cancer & Genetics, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF144XN, UK
| | - Chao Sun
- School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, P. R. China
| | - Esperanza Gonzalez
- Exosomes Laboratory, CIC bioGUNE-BRTA, CIBERehd, Bizkaia Technology Park, Bilbao, 48160, Spain
| | - Tomaš Krukovski
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Sensor Technology, Institute of Engineering, Hanze University Groningen, AS Groningen, 119747, Netherlands
| | - Juan M Falcon-Perez
- Exosomes Laboratory, CIC bioGUNE-BRTA, CIBERehd, Bizkaia Technology Park, Bilbao, 48160, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas Y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Madrid, 28029, Spain
- IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, 48011, Spain
| | - Dongfang Liang
- Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1PZ, UK
| | - Yong-Qing Fu
- Faculty of Engineering and Environment, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 8ST, UK
| | - Aled Clayton
- Tissue Micro-Environment Group, Division of Cancer & Genetics, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF144XN, UK
| | - Xin Yang
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, School of Engineering, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF243AA, UK
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31
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Yang S, Rufo J, Zhong R, Rich J, Wang Z, Lee LP, Huang TJ. Acoustic tweezers for high-throughput single-cell analysis. Nat Protoc 2023; 18:2441-2458. [PMID: 37468650 PMCID: PMC11052649 DOI: 10.1038/s41596-023-00844-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023]
Abstract
Acoustic tweezers provide an effective means for manipulating single cells and particles in a high-throughput, precise, selective and contact-free manner. The adoption of acoustic tweezers in next-generation cellular assays may advance our understanding of biological systems. Here we present a comprehensive set of instructions that guide users through device fabrication, instrumentation setup and data acquisition to study single cells with an experimental throughput that surpasses traditional methods, such as atomic force microscopy and micropipette aspiration, by several orders of magnitude. With acoustic tweezers, users can conduct versatile experiments that require the trapping, patterning, pairing and separation of single cells in a myriad of applications ranging across the biological and biomedical sciences. This procedure is widely generalizable and adaptable for investigations in materials and physical sciences, such as the spinning motion of colloids or the development of acoustic-based quantum simulations. Overall, the device fabrication requires ~12 h, the experimental setup of the acoustic tweezers requires 1-2 h and the cell manipulation experiment requires ~30 min to complete. Our protocol is suitable for use by interdisciplinary researchers in biology, medicine, engineering and physics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shujie Yang
- Thomas Lord Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Joseph Rufo
- Thomas Lord Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Ruoyu Zhong
- Thomas Lord Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Joseph Rich
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Zeyu Wang
- Thomas Lord Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Luke P Lee
- Renal Division and Division of Engineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
- Department of Bioengineering, Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA.
- Institute of Quantum Biophysics, Department of Biophysics, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, South Korea.
| | - Tony Jun Huang
- Thomas Lord Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.
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32
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Bu Y, Wang J, Ni S, Guo Y, Yobas L. Continuous-flow label-free size fractionation of extracellular vesicles through electrothermal fluid rolls and dielectrophoresis synergistically integrated in a microfluidic device. LAB ON A CHIP 2023; 23:2421-2433. [PMID: 36951129 DOI: 10.1039/d2lc01193j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are cell-derived bioparticles that play significant roles in various biological processes including cell-to-cell communication and intercellular delivery. Additionally, they hold great potential as liquid biopsy biomarkers for pre-diagnostic applications. However, the isolation of EV subpopulations, especially exosomes from a biological fluid remains a challenge due to their submicron range. Here, we demonstrate continuous-flow label-free size fractionation of EVs for the first time through a synergistic combination of electrothermal fluid rolls and dielectrophoresis in a microfluidic device. The device features three dimensional microelectrodes with unique sidewall contours that give rise to effective electrothermal fluid rolls in cooperation with dielectrophoretic forces for the electrokinetic manipulation and size separation of submicron particles. We first validate the device functionality by separating submicron polystyrene particles from binary mixtures with a cut-off size of ∼200 nm and then isolate intact exosomes from cell culture medium or blood serum with a high recovery rate and purity (∼80%). The device operation in a high-conductivity medium renders the method ideal for the purification of target bioparticles directly from physiological fluids, and may offer a robust and versatile platform for EV related diagnostic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Bu
- Department of Electronic and Computer Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China.
| | - Jinhui Wang
- Division of Life Sciences, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Sheng Ni
- Department of Electronic and Computer Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China.
| | - Yusong Guo
- Division of Life Sciences, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Levent Yobas
- Department of Electronic and Computer Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China.
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, SAR, China
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Bajo-Santos C, Priedols M, Kaukis P, Paidere G, Gerulis-Bergmanis R, Mozolevskis G, Abols A, Rimsa R. Extracellular Vesicles Isolation from Large Volume Samples Using a Polydimethylsiloxane-Free Microfluidic Device. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24097971. [PMID: 37175677 PMCID: PMC10178709 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24097971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EV) have many attributes important for biomedicine; however, current EV isolation methods require long multi-step protocols that generally involve bulky equipment that cannot be easily translated to clinics. Our aim was to design a new cyclic olefin copolymer-off-stoichiometry thiol-ene (COC-OSTE) asymmetric flow field fractionation microfluidic device that could isolate EV from high-volume samples in a simple and efficient manner. We tested the device with large volumes of urine and conditioned cell media samples, and compared it with the two most commonly used EV isolation methods. Our device was able to separate particles by size and buoyancy, and the attained size distribution was significantly smaller than other methods. This would allow for targeting EV size fractions of interest in the future. However, the results were sample dependent, with some samples showing significant improvement over the current EV separation methods. We present a novel design for a COC-OSTE microfluidic device, based on bifurcating asymmetric flow field-flow fractionation (A4F) technology, which is able to isolate EV from large volume samples in a simple, continuous-flow manner. Its potential to be mass-manufactured increases the chances of implementing EV isolation in a clinical or industry-friendly setting, which requires high repeatability and throughput.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Bajo-Santos
- Latvian Biomedical Research and Study Centre, Ratsupites Str. 1, k-1, LV-1067 Riga, Latvia
| | - Miks Priedols
- Latvian Biomedical Research and Study Centre, Ratsupites Str. 1, k-1, LV-1067 Riga, Latvia
| | - Pauls Kaukis
- Latvian Biomedical Research and Study Centre, Ratsupites Str. 1, k-1, LV-1067 Riga, Latvia
| | - Gunita Paidere
- Institute of Solid-State Physics, University of Latvia, 8 Kengaraga Str., LV-1063 Riga, Latvia
| | | | - Gatis Mozolevskis
- Institute of Solid-State Physics, University of Latvia, 8 Kengaraga Str., LV-1063 Riga, Latvia
| | - Arturs Abols
- Latvian Biomedical Research and Study Centre, Ratsupites Str. 1, k-1, LV-1067 Riga, Latvia
| | - Roberts Rimsa
- Institute of Solid-State Physics, University of Latvia, 8 Kengaraga Str., LV-1063 Riga, Latvia
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Li Z, Liu C, Cheng Y, Li Y, Deng J, Bai L, Qin L, Mei H, Zeng M, Tian F, Zhang S, Sun J. Cascaded microfluidic circuits for pulsatile filtration of extracellular vesicles from whole blood for early cancer diagnosis. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eade2819. [PMID: 37083528 PMCID: PMC10121168 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.ade2819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Tumor-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) hold the potential to substantially improve noninvasive early diagnosis of cancer. However, analysis of nanosized EVs in blood samples has been hampered by lack of effective, rapid, and standardized methods for isolating and detecting EVs. To address this difficulty, here we use the electric-hydraulic analogy to design cascaded microfluidic circuits for pulsatile filtration of EVs via integration of a cell-removal circuit and an EV-isolation circuit. The microfluidic device is solely driven by a pneumatic clock pulse generator, allowing for preprogrammed, clog-free, gentle, high-yield, and high-purity isolation of EVs directly from blood within 30 minutes. We demonstrate its clinical utility by detecting protein markers of isolated EVs from patient blood using a polyethylene glycol-enhanced thermophoretic aptasensor, with 91% accuracy for diagnosis of early-stage breast cancer. The cascaded microfluidic circuits can have broad applications in the field of EV research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenglin Li
- Beijing Engineering Research Center for BioNanotechnology, CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, China
- School of Future Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Chao Liu
- Beijing Engineering Research Center for BioNanotechnology, CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, China
- School of Future Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yangchang Cheng
- Beijing Engineering Research Center for BioNanotechnology, CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, China
- School of Future Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yike Li
- Beijing Engineering Research Center for BioNanotechnology, CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, China
- School of Future Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jinqi Deng
- Beijing Engineering Research Center for BioNanotechnology, CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, China
- School of Future Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Lixiao Bai
- Department of Breast Cancer, The Fifth Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100071, China
| | - Lili Qin
- Department of Breast Cancer, The Fifth Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100071, China
| | - Huili Mei
- Beijing Sihui Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Min Zeng
- Beijing Sihui Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Fei Tian
- Beijing Engineering Research Center for BioNanotechnology, CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, China
- School of Future Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Corresponding author. (J.S.); (S.Z.); (F.T.)
| | - Shaohua Zhang
- Department of Breast Cancer, The Fifth Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100071, China
- Corresponding author. (J.S.); (S.Z.); (F.T.)
| | - Jiashu Sun
- Beijing Engineering Research Center for BioNanotechnology, CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, China
- School of Future Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Corresponding author. (J.S.); (S.Z.); (F.T.)
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35
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Wang Q, Ding Z, Wong G, Zhou J, Riaud A. Skipping the Boundary Layer: High-Speed Droplet-Based Immunoassay Using Rayleigh Acoustic Streaming. Anal Chem 2023; 95:6253-6260. [PMID: 37018490 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c03877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/07/2023]
Abstract
Acoustic mixing of droplets is a promising way to implement biosensors that combine high speed and minimal reagent consumption. To date, this type of droplet mixing is driven by a volume force resulting from the absorption of high-frequency acoustic waves in the bulk of the fluid. Here, we show that the speed of these sensors is limited by the slow advection of analyte to the sensor surface due to the formation of a hydrodynamic boundary layer. We eliminate this hydrodynamic boundary layer by using much lower ultrasonic frequencies to excite the droplet, which drives a Rayleigh streaming that behaves essentially like a slip velocity. At equal average flow velocity in the droplet, both experiment and three-dimensional simulations show that this provides a three-fold speedup compared to Eckart streaming. Experimentally, we further shorten a SARS-CoV-2 antibody immunoassay from 20 min to 40 s taking advantage of Rayleigh acoustic streaming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Wang
- ASIC and System State Key Laboratory, School of Microelectronics, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, P. R. China
| | - Zhe Ding
- Viral Hemorrhagic Fevers Research Unit, CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Gary Wong
- Viral Hemorrhagic Fevers Research Unit, CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, P. R. China
| | - Jia Zhou
- ASIC and System State Key Laboratory, School of Microelectronics, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, P. R. China
| | - Antoine Riaud
- ASIC and System State Key Laboratory, School of Microelectronics, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, P. R. China
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36
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Hua X, Zhu Q, Liu Y, Zhou S, Huang P, Li Q, Liu S. A double tangential flow filtration-based microfluidic device for highly efficient separation and enrichment of exosomes. Anal Chim Acta 2023; 1258:341160. [PMID: 37087290 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2023.341160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2023] [Revised: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023]
Abstract
Recently, exosomes have been recognized as important disease biomarkers due to the essential roles they played in disease development. Nevertheless, the highly efficient isolation and enrichment of exosomes from complex body fluids continues to hinder the research and application of exosomes for clinical use. In this work, we developed a double tangential flow filtration-based microfluidic device for exosome isolation from cell supernatants and human serum. The microfluidic device contained two modules. Each module included two polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) plates with symmetrical serpentine channels and a nanoporous membrane with 200 nm or 30 nm pore diameter and was used to separate larger vesicles, exosomes and free biomolecules. The design of double tangential flow filtration in symmetrical serpentine channels largely increased the contact area between the filtrate and the nanoporous membranes, thus improved the separation efficiency and prevented the clogging of the membrane. Compared with standard separation method, i.e. ultracentrifugation (UC), the microfluidic chip-based separation (Chip) of exosomes showed the advantages of much lower instrumental cost, lower consumable cost, shorter time (<120 min), higher purity (82.8%) and significantly higher recovery rate (77.8%). In addition, due to the label-free separation, the microfluidic device-collected exosomes could be directly used for downstream analysis such as proteomics analysis. The proteomics analysis results of exosomes isolated from the sera of clinical patients with different diseases by the chip revealed richer disease-related information comparing with those exosomes isolated by UC, demonstrating the good practicability of this chip for future clinical research and applications.
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37
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Erwin N, Serafim MF, He M. Enhancing the Cellular Production of Extracellular Vesicles for Developing Therapeutic Applications. Pharm Res 2023; 40:833-853. [PMID: 36319886 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-022-03420-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/15/2022] [Indexed: 04/26/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have various advantageous properties, including a small size, high biocompatibility, efficient cargo loading, and precise cell targeting ability, making them promising tools for therapeutic development. EVs have been increasingly explored for applications like drug delivery. However, due to limited cellular secretion rates of EVs, wide-scale clinical applications are not achievable. Therefore, substantial strategies and research efforts have been devoted to increasing cellular secretion rates of EVs. This review describes various studies exploring different methods to increase the cellular production of EVs, including the application of electrical stimulus, pharmacologic agents, electromagnetic waves, sound waves, shear stress, cell starvation, alcohol, pH, heat, and genetic manipulation. These methods have shown success in increasing EV production, but careful consideration must be given as many of these strategies may alter EV properties and functionalities, and the exact mechanisms causing the increase in cellular production of EVs is generally unknown. Additionally, the methods' effectiveness in increasing EV secretion may diverge with different cell lines and conditions. Further advancements to enhance EV biogenesis secretion for therapeutic development is still a significant need in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Erwin
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, 32610, USA
| | - Maria Fernanda Serafim
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, 32610, USA
| | - Mei He
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, 32610, USA.
- UF Cancer and Genetics Research Complex, 2033 Mowry Rd, Lab: 0475G, Gainesville, FL, 32608, USA.
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38
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Vosough P, Khatami SH, Hashemloo A, Tajbakhsh A, Karimi-Fard F, Taghvimi S, Taheri-Anganeh M, Soltani Fard E, Savardashtaki A, Movahedpour A. Exosomal lncRNAs in gastrointestinal cancer. Clin Chim Acta 2023; 540:117216. [PMID: 36592922 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2022.117216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Revised: 12/24/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Gastrointestinal cancer (GIC) remains a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Unfortunately, these cancers are diagnosed in advanced metastatic stages due to lack of reliable biomarkers that are sufficiently specific and sensitive in early disease. There has been growing evidence that circulating exosomes can be used to diagnose cancer non-invasively with limited risks and side effects. Furthermore, exosomal long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are emerging as a new class of promising biomarkers in cancer. This review provides an overview of the extraction and detection of exosomal lncRNAs with a focus on their potential role in GIC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parisa Vosough
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Seyyed Hossein Khatami
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Amir Tajbakhsh
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | | | - Sina Taghvimi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Mortaza Taheri-Anganeh
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Cellular and Molecular Medicine Institute, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Elahe Soltani Fard
- Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Advanced Technologies, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Amir Savardashtaki
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran; Infertility Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
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39
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Wei W, Wang Y, Wang Z, Duan X. Microscale acoustic streaming for biomedical and bioanalytical applications. Trends Analyt Chem 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2023.116958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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40
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Pan H, Mei D, Xu C, Weng W, Han S, Wang Y. Multifunctional Acoustofluidic Centrifuge Device Using Tri-Symmetrical Design for Particle Enrichment and Separation and Multiphase Microflow Mixing. Sep Purif Technol 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2023.123215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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41
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Meggiolaro A, Moccia V, Brun P, Pierno M, Mistura G, Zappulli V, Ferraro D. Microfluidic Strategies for Extracellular Vesicle Isolation: Towards Clinical Applications. BIOSENSORS 2022; 13:bios13010050. [PMID: 36671885 PMCID: PMC9855931 DOI: 10.3390/bios13010050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Revised: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/24/2022] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are double-layered lipid membrane vesicles released by cells. Currently, EVs are attracting a lot of attention in the biological and medical fields due to their role as natural carriers of proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids. Thus, they can transport useful genomic information from their parental cell through body fluids, promoting cell-to-cell communication even between different organs. Due to their functionality as cargo carriers and their protein expression, they can play an important role as possible diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers in various types of diseases, e.g., cancers, neurodegenerative, and autoimmune diseases. Today, given the invaluable importance of EVs, there are some pivotal challenges to overcome in terms of their isolation. Conventional methods have some limitations: they are influenced by the starting sample, might present low throughput and low purity, and sometimes a lack of reproducibility, being operator dependent. During the past few years, several microfluidic approaches have been proposed to address these issues. In this review, we summarize the most important microfluidic-based devices for EV isolation, highlighting their advantages and disadvantages compared to existing technology, as well as the current state of the art from the perspective of the use of these devices in clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessio Meggiolaro
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Padua, Via Marzolo 8, 35131 Padua, Italy
| | - Valentina Moccia
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padua, Viale dell’Università 16, 35020 Legnaro, Italy
| | - Paola Brun
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padua, Via Gabelli 63, 35121 Padua, Italy
| | - Matteo Pierno
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Padua, Via Marzolo 8, 35131 Padua, Italy
| | - Giampaolo Mistura
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Padua, Via Marzolo 8, 35131 Padua, Italy
| | - Valentina Zappulli
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padua, Viale dell’Università 16, 35020 Legnaro, Italy
| | - Davide Ferraro
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Padua, Via Marzolo 8, 35131 Padua, Italy
- Correspondence:
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42
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Zhu Q, Yan T, Yang Y, Song Y, Lu J, Luo Y, Xu LP, Xu T. Programmable Microparticle Array for In Situ Modification and Multiple miRNA Detection. ACS Sens 2022; 7:3654-3659. [PMID: 36448914 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.2c02158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Simultaneous detection of multiple miRNAs of one disease can greatly reduce misdiagnosis and improve the detection rate, which is helpful for early cancer diagnosis. Here, a programmable microparticle-array-based acoustic microchip for in situ simultaneous multiple miRNAs detection is developed. On this microchip, the multiple probes-labeled microparticle array can be procedurally arranged in a microfluidic reaction chamber when four orthogonally piezoelectric transducers are applied. The probes-labeled microparticle array offers a platform for full molecular contact under dynamic ultrasonic streaming, and the array supplies a multipoint data correction to reduce the false positive of the detection results for more precisely visible fluorescence multiple target miRNAs sensing. We employed miRNA-21, miRNA-210, and miRNA-155 as specific biomarkers of pancreatic cancer and successfully finished the multiple miRNAs simultaneous detection in the microchip with a detection limit of 139.1, 179.9, and 111.4 pM, respectively. Such a device is programmable by adjusting the imputing frequency and voltage, and target biomarkers can be easily collected when the ultrasound force is released for further analysis, which shows great potential in multiple miRNAs enrichment and simultaneous detection for cancer clinical diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinglin Zhu
- Research Center for Bioengineering and Sensing Technology, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing100083, People's Republic of China
| | - Tingxiu Yan
- Research Center for Bioengineering and Sensing Technology, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing100083, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuemeng Yang
- Research Center for Bioengineering and Sensing Technology, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing100083, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongchao Song
- Intelligent Wearable Engineering Research Center of Qingdao, Research Center for Intelligent and Wearable Technology, College of Textiles and Clothing, State Key Laboratory of Bio-Fibers and Eco-Textiles, Qingdao University, Qingdao266071, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingwei Lu
- Research Center for Bioengineering and Sensing Technology, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing100083, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong Luo
- Research Center for Bioengineering and Sensing Technology, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing100083, People's Republic of China
| | - Li-Ping Xu
- Research Center for Bioengineering and Sensing Technology, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing100083, People's Republic of China
| | - Tailin Xu
- Research Center for Bioengineering and Sensing Technology, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing100083, People's Republic of China.,School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong518060, People's Republic of China
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43
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Recent progress in microfluidic biosensors with different driving forces. Trends Analyt Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2022.116894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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44
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Zhang J, Chen C, Becker R, Rufo J, Yang S, Mai J, Zhang P, Gu Y, Wang Z, Ma Z, Xia J, Hao N, Tian Z, Wong DT, Sadovsky Y, Lee LP, Huang TJ. A solution to the biophysical fractionation of extracellular vesicles: Acoustic Nanoscale Separation via Wave-pillar Excitation Resonance (ANSWER). SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eade0640. [PMID: 36417505 PMCID: PMC9683722 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.ade0640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
High-precision isolation of small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) from biofluids is essential toward developing next-generation liquid biopsies and regenerative therapies. However, current methods of sEV separation require specialized equipment and time-consuming protocols and have difficulties producing highly pure subpopulations of sEVs. Here, we present Acoustic Nanoscale Separation via Wave-pillar Excitation Resonance (ANSWER), which allows single-step, rapid (<10 min), high-purity (>96% small exosomes, >80% exomeres) fractionation of sEV subpopulations from biofluids without the need for any sample preprocessing. Particles are iteratively deflected in a size-selective manner via an excitation resonance. This previously unidentified phenomenon generates patterns of virtual, tunable, pillar-like acoustic field in a fluid using surface acoustic waves. Highly precise sEV fractionation without the need for sample preprocessing or complex nanofabrication methods has been demonstrated using ANSWER, showing potential as a powerful tool that will enable more in-depth studies into the complexity, heterogeneity, and functionality of sEV subpopulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinxin Zhang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Chuyi Chen
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Ryan Becker
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Joseph Rufo
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Shujie Yang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - John Mai
- Alfred E. Mann Institute for Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Peiran Zhang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Yuyang Gu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Zeyu Wang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Zhehan Ma
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Jianping Xia
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Nanjing Hao
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Zhenhua Tian
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24060, USA
| | - David T. W. Wong
- School of Dentistry and the Departments of Otolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Yoel Sadovsky
- Magee-Womens Research Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Luke P. Lee
- Renal Division and Division of Engineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
- Institute of Quantum Biophysics, Department of Biophysics, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Korea
| | - Tony Jun Huang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
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45
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Hussen BM, Faraj GSH, Rasul MF, Hidayat HJ, Salihi A, Baniahmad A, Taheri M, Ghafouri-Frad S. Strategies to overcome the main challenges of the use of exosomes as drug carrier for cancer therapy. Cancer Cell Int 2022; 22:323. [PMID: 36258195 PMCID: PMC9580186 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-022-02743-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Exosomes are naturally occurring nanosized particles that aid intercellular communication by transmitting biological information between cells. Exosomes have therapeutic efficacy that can transfer their contents between cells as natural carriers. In addition, the exosomal contents delivered to the recipient pathological cells significantly inhibit cancer progression. However, exosome-based tumor treatments are inadequately precise or successful, and various challenges should be adequately overcome. Here, we discuss the significant challenges that exosomes face as drug carriers used for therapeutic targets and strategies for overcoming these challenges in order to promote this new incoming drug carrier further and improve future clinical outcomes. We also present techniques for overcoming these challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bashdar Mahmud Hussen
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Hawler Medical University, Erbil, Kurdistan Region, Iraq.,Center of Research and Strategic Studies, Lebanese French University, Erbil, Iraq
| | - Goran Sedeeq Hama Faraj
- College of Medicine, Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Komar University of Science and Technology, Sulaymaniyah, Iraq
| | - Mohammad Fatih Rasul
- Department of Pharmaceutical Basic Science, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tishk International University, Erbil, Kurdistan Region, Iraq
| | - Hazha Jamal Hidayat
- Department of Biology, College of Education, Salahaddin University, Erbil, Kurdistan Region, Iraq
| | - Abbas Salihi
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Salahaddin University, Erbil, Kurdistan Region, Iraq
| | - Aria Baniahmad
- Institute of Human Genetics, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Mohammad Taheri
- Institute of Human Genetics, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany. .,Urology and Nephrology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Soudeh Ghafouri-Frad
- Department of Medical Genetics,, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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46
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Sui M, Dong H, Mu G, Xia J, Zhao J, Yang Z, Li T, Sun T, Grattan KTV. Droplet transportation by adjusting the temporal phase shift of surface acoustic waves in the exciter-exciter mode. LAB ON A CHIP 2022; 22:3402-3411. [PMID: 35899764 DOI: 10.1039/d2lc00402j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Droplet actuation using Surface Acoustic Wave (SAW) technology has been widely employed in 'lab-on-a-chip' applications, such as for on-chip Polymerase Chain Reactions. The current strategy uses the exciter-absorber mode (exciting a single InterDigital Transducer, IDT) to form a pure Travelling Surface Acoustic Wave (TSAW) and to actuate the droplet, where the velocity and direction of the droplet can be adjusted by controlling the on-off and amplitude of the excitation signals applied to a pair of IDTs. Herein, in a way that is different from using the exciter-absorber mode, we propose a method of actuating droplets by using the exciter-exciter mode (exciting a pair of IDTs simultaneously), where the velocity and directional adjustment of the droplet can be realized by changing only one excitation parameter for the signals (the temporal phase shift, θ), and the droplet velocity can also be significantly improved. Specifically, we report for the first time the equation of the vibration of the mixed waves (TSAW and Standing Surface Acoustic Wave (SSAW)) formed on the substrate surface using the exciter-exciter mode. This is analyzed theoretically, where it is shown in this work that the amplitude and direction of the TSAW component of the mixed waves can be adjusted by changing θ. Following that, the velocity and directional adjustment of the droplet has been realized by changing θ and the improvement of the droplet velocity has been verified on a one-dimensional SAW device, using this exciter-exciter mode. Moreover a series of experiments on droplet transportation, along different trajectories in an x-y plane, has been carried out using a two-dimensional SAW device and this has demonstrated the effectiveness of the θ changing-based approach. Here this exciter-exciter mode provides an alternative method for the transportation of droplets in 'lab-on-a-chip' applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingyang Sui
- State Key Laboratory of Robotics and System, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, Heilongjiang Province, China.
| | - Huijuan Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Robotics and System, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, Heilongjiang Province, China.
| | - Guanyu Mu
- State Key Laboratory of Robotics and System, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, Heilongjiang Province, China.
| | - Jingze Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Robotics and System, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, Heilongjiang Province, China.
| | - Jie Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Robotics and System, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, Heilongjiang Province, China.
| | - Zhen Yang
- Institute of Orthopedics, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine in Orthopedics, Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal Trauma & War Injuries PLA, Beijing, 100853, China.
| | - Tianlong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Robotics and System, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, Heilongjiang Province, China.
| | - Tong Sun
- School of Mathematics, Computer Science and Engineering, City, University of London, London, EC1V 0HB, UK
| | - Kenneth T V Grattan
- State Key Laboratory of Robotics and System, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, Heilongjiang Province, China.
- School of Mathematics, Computer Science and Engineering, City, University of London, London, EC1V 0HB, UK
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47
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Hu L, Zhang T, Ma H, Pan Y, Wang S, Liu X, Dai X, Zheng Y, Lee LP, Liu F. Discovering the Secret of Diseases by Incorporated Tear Exosomes Analysis via Rapid-Isolation System: iTEARS. ACS NANO 2022; 16:11720-11732. [PMID: 35856505 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c02531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Nanoscale small extracellular vesicles (sEVs, exosomes) in tears allow us to investigate the multisignatures of diseases. However, the translations of tear sEVs for biomarker discovery and clinical diagnostics are practically limited by low recovery, long processing time, and small sample volume. Here, we report an incorporated tear-exosomes analysis via rapid-isolation system (iTEARS) via nanotechnology to discover the secrets of ocular disorders and systemic diseases. We isolate exosomes rapidly with high yield and purity from a few teardrops (∼10 μL) within 5 min via nanoporous membrane-based resonators for the quantitative detection and biomarker discovery through proteomic and transcriptomic analysis. We have identified 904 proteins, among which 228 proteins are discovered, 426 proteins are detected from exosomes of dry eye disease, and demonstrate CALML5, KRT6A, and S100P for the classification of dry eye disease. We have also investigated 484 miRNAs in tear exosomes and show miR-145-5p, miR-214-3p, miR-218-5p, and miR-9-5p are dysregulated during diabetic retinopathy development. We believe iTEARS can be used for improving molecular diagnostics via tears to identify ocular disorders, systemic diseases, and numerous other neurodegenerative diseases and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Hu
- Eye Hospital, School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, School of Biomedical Engineering, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Wenzhou 325027, China
| | - Ting Zhang
- Eye Hospital, School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, School of Biomedical Engineering, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomedical Imaging and Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center of Molecular Imaging, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai 519000, China
| | - Huixiang Ma
- Eye Hospital, School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, School of Biomedical Engineering, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Wenzhou 325027, China
| | - Youjin Pan
- The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, China
| | - Siyao Wang
- Eye Hospital, School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, School of Biomedical Engineering, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Wenzhou 325027, China
| | - Xiaoling Liu
- Eye Hospital, School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, School of Biomedical Engineering, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Wenzhou 325027, China
| | - Xiaodan Dai
- Eye Hospital, School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, School of Biomedical Engineering, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Wenzhou 325027, China
| | - Yuyang Zheng
- The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, China
| | - Luke P Lee
- Department of Medicine, Brigham Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
- Department of Bioengineering, Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Institute of Quantum Biophysics, Department of Biophysics, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do 16419, Korea
| | - Fei Liu
- Eye Hospital, School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, School of Biomedical Engineering, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Wenzhou 325027, China
- Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Science, Wenzhou 325001, China
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48
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Jin G, Hong S, Rich J, Xia J, Kim K, You L, Zhao C, Huang TJ. Intelligent nanoscope for rapid nanomaterial identification and classification. LAB ON A CHIP 2022; 22:2978-2985. [PMID: 35647808 PMCID: PMC9378457 DOI: 10.1039/d2lc00206j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Machine learning image recognition and classification of particles and materials is a rapidly expanding field. However, nanomaterial identification and classification are dependent on the image resolution, the image field of view, and the processing time. Optical microscopes are one of the most widely utilized technologies in laboratories across the world, due to their nondestructive abilities to identify and classify critical micro-sized objects and processes, but identifying and classifying critical nano-sized objects and processes with a conventional microscope are outside of its capabilities, due to the diffraction limit of the optics and small field of view. To overcome these challenges of nanomaterial identification and classification, we developed an intelligent nanoscope that combines machine learning and microsphere array-based imaging to: (1) surpass the diffraction limit of the microscope objective with microsphere imaging to provide high-resolution images; (2) provide large field-of-view imaging without the sacrifice of resolution by utilizing a microsphere array; and (3) rapidly classify nanomaterials using a deep convolution neural network. The intelligent nanoscope delivers more than 46 magnified images from a single image frame so that we collected more than 1000 images within 2 seconds. Moreover, the intelligent nanoscope achieves a 95% nanomaterial classification accuracy using 1000 images of training sets, which is 45% more accurate than without the microsphere array. The intelligent nanoscope also achieves a 92% bacteria classification accuracy using 50 000 images of training sets, which is 35% more accurate than without the microsphere array. This platform accomplished rapid, accurate detection and classification of nanomaterials with miniscule size differences. The capabilities of this device wield the potential to further detect and classify smaller biological nanomaterial, such as viruses or extracellular vesicles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geonsoo Jin
- Thomas Lord Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA.
| | - Seongwoo Hong
- Office of Biomedical Graduate Education, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Joseph Rich
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA.
| | - Jianping Xia
- Thomas Lord Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA.
| | - Kyeri Kim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA.
| | - Lingchong You
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA.
- Center for Genomic and Computational Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Chenglong Zhao
- Department of Physics, University of Dayton, 300 College Park, Dayton, Ohio 45469, USA.
- Department of Electro-Optics and Photonics, University of Dayton, 300 College Park, Dayton, Ohio 45469, USA
| | - Tony Jun Huang
- Thomas Lord Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA.
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49
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Yang Y, Zhang L, Jin K, He M, Wei W, Chen X, Yang Q, Wang Y, Pang W, Ren X, Duan X. Self-adaptive virtual microchannel for continuous enrichment and separation of nanoparticles. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabn8440. [PMID: 35905179 PMCID: PMC9337757 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abn8440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The transport, enrichment, and purification of nanoparticles are fundamental activities in the fields of biology, chemistry, material science, and medicine. Here, we demonstrate an approach for manipulating nanospecimens in which a virtual channel with a diameter that can be spontaneously self-adjusted from dozens to a few micrometers based on the concentration of samples is formed by acoustic waves and streams that are triggered and stabilized by a gigahertz bulk acoustic resonator and microfluidics, respectively. By combining a specially designed arc-shaped resonator and lateral flow, the in situ enrichment, focusing, displacement, and continuous size-based separation of nanoparticles were achieved, with the ability to capture 30-nm polystyrene nanoparticles and continuously focus 150-nm polystyrene nanoparticles. Furthermore, exosome separation was also demonstrated. This technology overcomes the limitation of continuously manipulating particles under 200 nm and has the potential to be useful for a wide range of applications in chemistry, life sciences, and medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measuring Technology and Instruments, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Lin Zhang
- Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute & Hospital, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Ke Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measuring Technology and Instruments, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Meihang He
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measuring Technology and Instruments, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Wei Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measuring Technology and Instruments, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Xuejiao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measuring Technology and Instruments, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Qingrui Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measuring Technology and Instruments, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Yanyan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measuring Technology and Instruments, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Wei Pang
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measuring Technology and Instruments, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Xiubao Ren
- Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute & Hospital, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Xuexin Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measuring Technology and Instruments, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
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50
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Jin G, Rich J, Xia J, He AJ, Zhao C, Huang TJ. An acoustofluidic scanning nanoscope using enhanced image stacking and processing. MICROSYSTEMS & NANOENGINEERING 2022; 8:81. [PMID: 35846176 PMCID: PMC9279327 DOI: 10.1038/s41378-022-00401-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Revised: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Nanoscale optical resolution with a large field of view is a critical feature for many research and industry areas, such as semiconductor fabrication, biomedical imaging, and nanoscale material identification. Several scanning microscopes have been developed to resolve the inverse relationship between the resolution and field of view; however, those scanning microscopes still rely upon fluorescence labeling and complex optical systems. To overcome these limitations, we developed a dual-camera acoustofluidic nanoscope with a seamless image merging algorithm (alpha-blending process). This design allows us to precisely image both the sample and the microspheres simultaneously and accurately track the particle path and location. Therefore, the number of images required to capture the entire field of view (200 × 200 μm) by using our acoustofluidic scanning nanoscope is reduced by 55-fold compared with previous designs. Moreover, the image quality is also greatly improved by applying an alpha-blending imaging technique, which is critical for accurately depicting and identifying nanoscale objects or processes. This dual-camera acoustofluidic nanoscope paves the way for enhanced nanoimaging with high resolution and a large field of view.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geonsoo Jin
- Thomas Lord Department of Mechanical Engineering and Material Science, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708 USA
| | - Joseph Rich
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708 USA
| | - Jianping Xia
- Thomas Lord Department of Mechanical Engineering and Material Science, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708 USA
| | - Albert J. He
- Thomas Lord Department of Mechanical Engineering and Material Science, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708 USA
| | - Chenglong Zhao
- Department of Physics, University of Dayton, 300 College Park, Dayton, OH 45469 USA
- Department of Electro-Optics and Photonics, University of Dayton, 300 College Park, Dayton, OH 45469 USA
| | - Tony Jun Huang
- Thomas Lord Department of Mechanical Engineering and Material Science, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708 USA
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