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Yu F, Cheng X, Yang L, Zhu Z, Chen Z, Zhang L, Wang X, Zhang Q. Bioinspired 1T-MoS 2-based aerogel beads for efficient freshwater harvesting in harsh environments. J Colloid Interface Sci 2024; 664:1021-1030. [PMID: 38513402 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2024.03.098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Revised: 03/09/2024] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
Freshwater scarcity is one of the most critical issues worldwide, particularly in arid regions, stemming from population growth and climate change. Inspired by the hydrophilic bump structures of desert beetles, 1T-MoS2-based aerogel beads with porous structures and CaCl2-crystal loading (termed as MoAB-m@CaCl2-n) were prepared for freshwater harvesting. Metallic-phase MoS2 nanospheres exhibit excellent photothermal conversion abilities, facilitating solar-driven water desorption and evaporation. Owing to the synergistic effect of its localized surface features, hydrophilic groups, and dispersive CaCl2 particles, MoAB-2@CaCl2-2 efficiently harvests water from atmosphere with a superior moisture adsorption capacity (0.18-0.82 g g-1) at a wide range of relative humidity (10 %-70 %). Under one-sun illumination, MoAB-2@CaCl2-2 demonstrates an outstanding solar-driven water evaporation rate of 2.25 kg m-2h-1. The water evaporation rate from soil (water content = 20 %) is 1.19 kg m-2h-1, which is sufficient for sustainable freshwater generation from the soil in arid regions. More importantly, the multifunctional MoAB-2@CaCl2-2-based homemade freshwater generation prototype delivers a certain amount of water harvesting (0.99 g g-1 day-1) on a rainy day and provides an impressive daily freshwater yield (53.7 kg m-2) under natural sunlight. The integrated device exhibits excellent efficiency and practicality and offers a feasible method for freshwater harvesting in harsh environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Yu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng 224051, PR China
| | - Xiangyu Cheng
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng 224051, PR China
| | - Li Yang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng 224051, PR China
| | - Zhenwei Zhu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng 224051, PR China
| | - Zihe Chen
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Liu Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng 224051, PR China.
| | - Xianbao Wang
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Organic Chemical Materials, Ministry-of-Education Key Laboratory for the Green Preparation and Application of Functional Materials, Hubei Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials (Hubei University), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, PR China.
| | - Qinfang Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng 224051, PR China.
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2
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Feng A, Shi Y, Onggowarsito C, Zhang XS, Mao S, Johir MAH, Fu Q, Nghiem LD. Structure-Property Relationships of Hydrogel-based Atmospheric Water Harvesting Systems. CHEMSUSCHEM 2024; 17:e202301905. [PMID: 38268017 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202301905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
Atmospheric water harvesting (AWH) is considered one of the promising technologies to alleviate the uneven-distribution of water resources and water scarcity in arid regions of the world. Hydrogel-based AWH materials are currently attracting increasing attention due to their low cost, high energy efficiency and simple preparation. However, there is a knowledge gap in the screening of hydrogel-based AWH materials in terms of structure-property relationships, which may increase the cost of trial and error in research and fabrication. In this study, we synthesised a variety of hydrogel-based AWH materials, characterized their physochemcial properties visualized the electrostatic potential of polymer chains, and ultimately established the structure-property-application relationships of polymeric AWH materials. Poly(2-acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid) (PAMPS) hydrogel is able to achieve an excellent water adsorption capacity of 0.62 g g-1 and a high water desorption efficiency of more than 90 % in relatively low-moderate humidity environments, which is regarded as one of the polymer materials with potential for future AWH applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- An Feng
- Centre of Technology in Water and Wastewater, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, NSW, 2007, Australia
| | - Yihan Shi
- Centre of Technology in Water and Wastewater, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, NSW, 2007, Australia
| | - Casey Onggowarsito
- Centre of Technology in Water and Wastewater, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, NSW, 2007, Australia
| | - Xin Stella Zhang
- Centre of Technology in Water and Wastewater, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, NSW, 2007, Australia
| | - Shudi Mao
- Centre of Technology in Water and Wastewater, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, NSW, 2007, Australia
| | - Muhammed A H Johir
- Centre of Technology in Water and Wastewater, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, NSW, 2007, Australia
| | - Qiang Fu
- Centre of Technology in Water and Wastewater, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, NSW, 2007, Australia
| | - Long D Nghiem
- Centre of Technology in Water and Wastewater, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, NSW, 2007, Australia
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3
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Li W, Zhang Y, Guo S, Yu Z, Kang J, Li Z, Wei L, Tan SC. Multifunctional Sandwich-Structured Super-Hygroscopic Zinc-Based MOF-Overlayed Cooling Wearables for Special Personal Thermal Management. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2311272. [PMID: 38366302 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202311272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2024]
Abstract
Personal protective equipment pays attention exclusively to external safety protection and ignores the internal thermoregulation of physiological state in association with sweating. Herein, a super-hygroscopic calcium-doped poly(sodium 4-styrenesulfonate) and superhydrophobic metal-organic-framework-overlayed wearables (Ca-PSS/MOF) integrated cooling wearable is proposed for special personal thermal management (PTM). Compared to the pristine fabric, the superhydrophobic MOF wearables exhibit anti-fouling and antibacterial capabilities, and the antibacterial efficiency is up to 99.99% and 98.99% against E. coli and S. aureus, respectively. More importantly, Ca-PSS/MOF demonstrate significant heat index changes up to 25.5 °C by reducing relative humidity dramatically from 91.0% to 60.0% and temperature from 36.5 to 31.6 °C during the running test. The practical feasibility of the Ca-PSS/MOF cooling wearables is well proved with the protective suit of the fireman. Owing to these multifunctional merits, the sandwich-structured cooling Ca-PSS/MOF are expected to provide new insights for designing the next-generation multifunctional apparel for PTM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wulong Li
- College of Textile and Clothing Engineering, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215021, P. R. China
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117574
- Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798
| | - Yaoxin Zhang
- China-UK Low Carbon College, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 201306, P. R. China
| | - Shuai Guo
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117574
| | - Zhen Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy, Department of Energy Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, P. R. China
| | - Jialiang Kang
- College of Textile and Clothing Engineering, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215021, P. R. China
| | - Zhanxiong Li
- College of Textile and Clothing Engineering, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215021, P. R. China
- National Engineering Laboratory for Modern Silk, Suzhou, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Lei Wei
- Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798
| | - Swee Ching Tan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117574
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4
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Zheng D, Wang K, Bai B. A critical review of sodium alginate-based composites in water treatment. Carbohydr Polym 2024; 331:121850. [PMID: 38388034 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2024.121850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
The global freshwater crisis is a pressing issue, especially in areas with little rainfall and inner continental regions. The growing attention to water scarcity has induced increased interest in research on advanced water treatment technologies. As an abundant bioactive material in nature, sodium alginate (SA) has been widely used in water management due to its outstanding water absorption and holding ability, reversible swelling property, and pollutant adsorption performance. Building on this, progress made in using various modified forms of SA to access clean water is addressed in this review. Covering studies concern the adsorption and separation of pollutants in wastewater by SA-based absorbents and freshwater harvesting by SA-based collectors. This review explores SA-based composites' composition-structure-construction designs and emphasizes the impact of materials like inorganic materials, functional polymers, and porous matrices and how they can be exploited for water treatment. It also highlights the mechanisms of contaminants adsorption and freshwater desorption of SA-based composites. Finally, the shortcomings and future orientation of SA-based composites are proposed, including performance optimization, structural modification, application expansion, and mechanism in-depth investigation. This review aims to offer a theoretical basis and technical guidance for the use of natural materials to respond to the shortage of freshwater resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Zheng
- School of Chemical and Blasting Engineering, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan 232001, China
| | - Kai Wang
- College of Water Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Bo Bai
- School of Water and Environment, Chang'an University, Xi'an 710054, China.
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5
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Yan J, Li W, Yu Y, Huang G, Peng J, Lv D, Chen X, Wang X, Liu Z. A Polyzwitterionic@MOF Hydrogel with Exceptionally High Water Vapor Uptake for Efficient Atmospheric Water Harvesting. Molecules 2024; 29:1851. [PMID: 38675671 PMCID: PMC11054390 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29081851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Revised: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Atmospheric water harvesting (AWH) is considered a promising strategy for sustainable freshwater production in landlocked and arid regions. Hygroscopic salt-based composite sorbents have attracted widespread attention for their water harvesting performance, but suffer from aggregation and leakage issues due to the salting-out effect. In this study, we synthesized a PML hydrogel composite by incorporating zwitterionic hydrogel (PDMAPS) and MIL-101(Cr) as a host for LiCl. The PML hydrogel was characterized using various techniques including X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The swelling properties and water vapor adsorption-desorption properties of the PML hydrogel were also assessed. The results demonstrate that the MIL-101(Cr) was uniformly embedded into PDMAP hydrogel, and the PML hydrogel exhibits a swelling ratio of 2.29 due to the salting-in behavior. The PML hydrogel exhibited exceptional water vapor sorption capacity of 0.614 g/g at 298 K, RH = 40% and 1.827 g/g at 298 K, RH = 90%. It reached 80% of its saturated adsorption capacity within 117 and 149 min at 298 K, RH = 30% and 90%, respectively. Additionally, the PML hydrogel showed excellent reversibility in terms of water vapor adsorption after ten consecutive cycles of adsorption-desorption. The remarkable adsorption capacity, favorable adsorption-desorption rate, and regeneration stability make the PML hydrogel a potential candidate for AWH. This polymer-MOF synergistic strategy for immobilization of LiCl in this work offers new insights into designing advanced materials for AWH.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Xun Wang
- School of Environment and Chemical Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan 528000, China; (J.Y.); (W.L.); (Y.Y.); (G.H.); (J.P.); (D.L.); (X.C.)
| | - Zewei Liu
- School of Environment and Chemical Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan 528000, China; (J.Y.); (W.L.); (Y.Y.); (G.H.); (J.P.); (D.L.); (X.C.)
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6
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Bai Z, Wang P, Xu J, Wang R, Li T. Progress and perspectives of sorption-based atmospheric water harvesting for sustainable water generation: Materials, devices, and systems. Sci Bull (Beijing) 2024; 69:671-687. [PMID: 38105159 DOI: 10.1016/j.scib.2023.12.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Establishing alternative methods for freshwater production is imperative to effectively alleviate global water scarcity, particularly in land-locked arid regions. In this context, extracting water from the ubiquitous atmospheric moisture is an ingenious strategy for decentralized freshwater production. Sorption-based atmospheric water harvesting (SAWH) shows strong potential for supplying liquid water in a portable and sustainable way even in desert environments. Herein, the latest progress in SAWH technology in terms of materials, devices, and systems is reviewed. Recent advances in sorbent materials with improved water uptake capacity and accelerated sorption-desorption kinetics, including physical sorbents, polymeric hydrogels, composite sorbents, and ionic solutions, are discussed. The thermal designs of SAWH devices for improving energy utilization efficiency, heat transfer, and mass transport are evaluated, and the development of representative SAWH prototypes is clarified in a chronological order. Thereafter, state-of-the-art operation patterns of SAWH systems, incorporating intermittent, daytime continuous and 24-hour continuous patterns, are examined. Furthermore, current challenges and future research goals of this cutting-edge field are outlined. This review highlights the irreplaceable role of heat and mass transfer enhancement and facile structural improvement for constructing high-yield water harvesters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoyuan Bai
- Institute of Refrigeration and Cryogenics, School of Mechanical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Pengfei Wang
- Institute of Refrigeration and Cryogenics, School of Mechanical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Jiaxing Xu
- Institute of Refrigeration and Cryogenics, School of Mechanical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Ruzhu Wang
- Institute of Refrigeration and Cryogenics, School of Mechanical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China; Research Center of Solar Power and Refrigeration (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Tingxian Li
- Institute of Refrigeration and Cryogenics, School of Mechanical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China; Research Center of Solar Power and Refrigeration (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China.
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7
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Li Q, Wang F, Zhang Y, Shi M, Zhang Y, Yu H, Liu S, Li J, Tan SC, Chen W. Biopolymers for Hygroscopic Material Development. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2209479. [PMID: 36652538 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202209479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The effective management of atmospheric water will create huge value for mankind. Diversified and sustainable biopolymers that are derived from organisms provide rich building blocks for various hygroscopic materials. Here, a comprehensive review of recent advances in developing biopolymers for hygroscopic materials is provided. It is begun with a brief introduction of species diversity and the processes of obtaining various biopolymer materials from organisms. The fabrication of hygroscopic materials is then illustrated, with a specific focus on the use of biopolymer-derived materials as substrates to produce composites and the use of biopolymers as building blocks to fabricate composite gels. Next, the representative applications of biopolymer-derived hygroscopic materials for dehumidification, atmospheric water harvesting, and power generation are systematically presented. An outlook on future challenges and key issues worthy of attention are finally provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Li
- Key Laboratory of Bio-based Material Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, P. R. China
| | - Fei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-based Material Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, P. R. China
| | - Yaoxin Zhang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National University of Singapore, 9 Engineering drive 1, Singapore, 117574, Singapore
| | - Mengjiao Shi
- Key Laboratory of Bio-based Material Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, P. R. China
| | - Yingying Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
| | - Haipeng Yu
- Key Laboratory of Bio-based Material Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, P. R. China
| | - Shouxin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Bio-based Material Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, P. R. China
| | - Jian Li
- Key Laboratory of Bio-based Material Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, P. R. China
| | - Swee Ching Tan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National University of Singapore, 9 Engineering drive 1, Singapore, 117574, Singapore
| | - Wenshuai Chen
- Key Laboratory of Bio-based Material Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, P. R. China
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8
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Graeber G, Díaz-Marín CD, Gaugler LC, Zhong Y, El Fil B, Liu X, Wang EN. Extreme Water Uptake of Hygroscopic Hydrogels through Maximized Swelling-Induced Salt Loading. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2211783. [PMID: 37201199 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202211783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Revised: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Hygroscopic hydrogels are emerging as scalable and low-cost sorbents for atmospheric water harvesting, dehumidification, passive cooling, and thermal energy storage. However, devices using these materials still exhibit insufficient performance, partly due to the limited water vapor uptake of the hydrogels. Here, the swelling dynamics of hydrogels in aqueous lithiumchloride solutions, the implications on hydrogel salt loading, and the resulting vapor uptake of the synthesized hydrogel-salt composites are characterized. By tuning the salt concentration of the swelling solutions and the cross-linking properties of the gels, hygroscopic hydrogels with extremely high salt loadings are synthesized, which enable unprecedented water uptakes of 1.79 and 3.86 gg-1 at relative humidity (RH) of 30% and 70%, respectively. At 30% RH, this exceeds previously reported water uptakes of metal-organic frameworks by over 100% and of hydrogels by 15%, bringing the uptake within 93% of the fundamental limit of hygroscopic salts while avoiding leakage problems common in salt solutions. By modeling the salt-vapor equilibria, the maximum leakage-free RH is elucidated as a function of hydrogel uptake and swelling ratio. These insights guide the design of hydrogels with exceptional hygroscopicity that enable sorption-based devices to tackle water scarcity and the global energy crisis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gustav Graeber
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 02139, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 12489, Berlin, Germany
| | - Carlos D Díaz-Marín
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 02139, USA
| | - Leon C Gaugler
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 02139, USA
| | - Yang Zhong
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 02139, USA
| | - Bachir El Fil
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 02139, USA
| | - Xinyue Liu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 02139, USA
| | - Evelyn N Wang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 02139, USA
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9
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Guan W, Lei C, Guo Y, Shi W, Yu G. Hygroscopic-Microgels-Enabled Rapid Water Extraction from Arid Air. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2207786. [PMID: 36239247 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202207786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Revised: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Sorbent-based atmospheric water harvesting (AWH) has emerged as a promising decentralized water-production technology to mitigate the freshwater crisis in arid areas. Hydrogels have been regarded as attractive sorbents due to their high water retention and tailorable polymer-water interactions. Yet, the kinetics of water sorption and desorption at low relative humidity (RH) shall be improved for their practical implementation. Here, hygroscopic microgels (HMGs) composed of hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC) and hygroscopic salt are reported, which achieve a water uptake of ca. 0.5-0.8 g g-1 at 15-30% RH. HMGs enable rapid sorption-desorption kinetics owing to the short-distance diffusion in the microgels and hydrophilicity-hydrophobicity switching of the thermoresponsive HPC. To validate the feasibility of HMGs for moisture extraction, a potential daily water collection of up to equivalent 7.9-19.1 L kg-1 at low RH is demonstrated, enabled by 24-36 operation cycles per day based on the material-level experiments. With renewable raw materials and superior performance, HMGs provide a sustainable approach for rapid moisture extraction in arid climates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weixin Guan
- Materials Science and Engineering Program and Walker Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - Chuxin Lei
- Materials Science and Engineering Program and Walker Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - Youhong Guo
- Materials Science and Engineering Program and Walker Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - Wen Shi
- Materials Science and Engineering Program and Walker Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - Guihua Yu
- Materials Science and Engineering Program and Walker Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
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10
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Wang Y, Zhou Y, Han P, Qi G, Gao D, Zhang L, Wang C, Che J, Wang Y, Tao S. Improved Water Collection from Short-Term Fog on a Patterned Surface with Interconnected Microchannels. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2024; 58:3812-3822. [PMID: 38358300 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c09504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
Fog harvesting is considered a promising freshwater collection strategy for overcoming water scarcity, because of its environmental friendliness and strong sustainability. Typically, fogging occurs briefly at night and in the early morning in most arid and semiarid regions. However, studies on water collection from short-term fog are scarce. Herein, we developed a patterned surface with highly hydrophilic interconnected microchannels on a superhydrophobic surface to improve droplet convergence driven by the Young-Laplace pressure difference. With a rationally designed surface structure, the optimized water collection rate from mild fog could reach up to 67.31 g m-2 h-1 (6.731 mg cm-2 h-1) in 6 h; this value was over 130% higher than that observed on the pristine surface. The patterned surface with interconnected microchannels significantly shortened the startup time, which was counted from the fog contact to the first droplet falling from the fog-harvesting surface. The patterned surface was also facilely prepared via a controllable strategy combining laser ablation and chemical vapor deposition. The results obtained in outdoor environments indicate that the rationally designed surface has the potential for short-term fog harvesting. This work can be considered as a meaningful attempt to address the practical issues encountered in fog-harvesting research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanjun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian Key Laboratory of Smart Chemistry, Frontier Science Center for Smart Materials, School of Chemistry, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Yumeng Zhou
- Instrumental Analysis Center, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Peng Han
- SINOPEC Beijing Research Institute of Chemical Industry, Beijing 100013, China
| | - Guicun Qi
- SINOPEC Beijing Research Institute of Chemical Industry, Beijing 100013, China
| | - Dali Gao
- SINOPEC Beijing Research Institute of Chemical Industry, Beijing 100013, China
| | - Lijing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian Key Laboratory of Smart Chemistry, Frontier Science Center for Smart Materials, School of Chemistry, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Chan Wang
- Yantai Centre for Promotion of Science and Technology Innovation, Yantai 264003, China
| | - Jian Che
- Dalian Xinyulong Marine Biological Seed Technology Co., Ltd., Dalian 116222, China
| | - Yuchao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian Key Laboratory of Smart Chemistry, Frontier Science Center for Smart Materials, School of Chemistry, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Shengyang Tao
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian Key Laboratory of Smart Chemistry, Frontier Science Center for Smart Materials, School of Chemistry, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
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11
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Wang M, Liu E, Jin T, Zafar SU, Mei X, Fauconnier ML, De Clerck C. Towards a better understanding of atmospheric water harvesting (AWH) technology. WATER RESEARCH 2024; 250:121052. [PMID: 38171174 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2023.121052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Atmospheric water harvesting (AWH) technology is an emerging sustainable development strategy to deal with global water scarcity. To better understand the current state of AWH technology development, we conducted a bibliometric analysis highlighting three water harvesting technologies (fog harvesting, condensation, and sorption). By comprehensively reviewing the research progress and performing a comparative assessment of these technologies, we summarized past achievements and critically analyzed the different technologies. Traditional fog collectors are more mature, but their efficiency still needs to be improved. External field-driven fog harvesting and active condensation need to be driven by external forces, and passive condensation has high requirements for environmental humidity. Emerging bio-inspired fog harvesting and sorption technology provide new possibilities for atmospheric water collection, but they have high requirements for materials, and their commercial application is still to be further promoted. Based on the key characteristics of each technology, we presented the development prospects for the joint use of integrated/hybrid systems. Next, the water-energy relationship is used as a link to clarify the future development strategy of AWH technology in energy driving and conversion. Finally, we outlined the core ideas of AWH for both basic research and practical applications and described its limitless possibilities for drinking water supply and agricultural irrigation. This review provides an essential reference for the development and practical application of AWH technologies, which contribute to the sustainable utilization of water resources globally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Menglu Wang
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; AgricultureIsLife, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, Liege University, Passage des Déportés 2, Gembloux 5030, Belgium
| | - Enke Liu
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; State Key Laboratory of Hulless Barley and Yak Germplasm Resources and Genetic Improvement, Lhasa, Tibet 850002, China.
| | - Tao Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Hulless Barley and Yak Germplasm Resources and Genetic Improvement, Lhasa, Tibet 850002, China
| | - Saud-Uz Zafar
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Xurong Mei
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; Key Laboratory of Dryland Agriculture, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People's Republic of China, Beijing 100081, China.
| | - Marie-Laure Fauconnier
- Laboratory of Chemistry of Natural Molecules, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, Liege University, Passage des Déportés 2, Gembloux 5030, Belgium
| | - Caroline De Clerck
- AgricultureIsLife, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, Liege University, Passage des Déportés 2, Gembloux 5030, Belgium
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12
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Bai Q, Zhou W, Cui W, Qi Z. Research Progress on Hygroscopic Agents for Atmospheric Water Harvesting Systems. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 17:722. [PMID: 38591579 PMCID: PMC10856168 DOI: 10.3390/ma17030722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
Adsorptive atmospheric water harvesting systems (AWHs) represent an innovative approach to collecting freshwater resources from the atmosphere, with a hygroscopic agent at their core. This method has garnered significant attention due to its broad applicability, strong recycling capacity, and sustainability. It is being positioned as a key technology to address global freshwater scarcity. The core agent's hygroscopic properties play a crucial role in determining the performance of the AWHs. This article provides a comprehensive review of the latest advancements in hygroscopic agents, including their adsorption mechanisms and classifications. This study of hygroscopic agents analyzes the performance and characteristics of relevant porous material composite polymer composites and plant composites. It also evaluates the design and preparation of these materials. Aiming at the problems of low moisture adsorption and desorption difficulty of the hygroscopic agent, the factors affecting the water vapor adsorption performance and the method of enhancing the hygroscopic performance of the material are summarized and put forward. For the effect of hygroscopic agents on the volume of water catchment devices, the difference in density before and after hygroscopicity is proposed as part of the evaluation criteria. Moisture absorption per unit volume is added as a performance evaluation criterion to assess the effect of hygroscopic agents on the volume of water collection equipment. The article identifies areas that require further research and development for moisture absorbers, exploring their potential applications in other fields and anticipating the future development direction and opportunities of moisture-absorbing materials. The goal is to promote the early realization of adsorptive atmospheric water harvesting technology for large-scale industrial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Bai
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610059, China; (Q.B.); (W.C.)
| | - Wanlai Zhou
- Institute of Urban Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu 610213, China;
| | - Wenzhong Cui
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610059, China; (Q.B.); (W.C.)
| | - Zhiyong Qi
- Institute of Urban Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu 610213, China;
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13
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Zhang X, Qu H, Li X, Zhang L, Zhang Y, Yang J, Zhou M, Suresh L, Liu S, Tan SC. Autonomous Atmospheric Water Harvesting over a Wide RH Range Enabled by Super Hygroscopic Composite Aerogels. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024:e2310219. [PMID: 38219071 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202310219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2024]
Abstract
Sorption-based atmospheric water harvesting (SAWH) offers a sustainable strategy to address the global freshwater shortage. However, obtaining sorbents with excellent performance over a wide relative humidity (RH) range and devices with fully autonomous water production remains challenging. Herein, magnesium chloride (MgCl2) is innovatively converted into super hygroscopic magnesium complexes(MC), which can effectively solve the problems of salt deliquescence and agglomeration. The MC are then integrated with photothermal aerogels composed of sodium alginate and carbon nanotubes (SA/CNTs) to form composite aerogels, which showed high water uptake over a wide RH range, reaching 5.43 and 0.27 kg kg-1 at 95% and 20% RH, respectively. The hierarchical porous structure enables the as-prepared SA/CNTs/MC to exhibit rapid absorption/desorption kinetics with 12 cycles per day at 70% RH, equivalent to a water yield of 10.0 L kg-1 day-1. To further realize continuous and practical freshwater production, a fully solar-driven autonomous atmospheric water generator is designed and constructed with two SA/CNTs/MC-based absorption layers, which can alternately conduct the water absorption/desorption process without any other energy consumption. The design provides a promising approach to achieving autonomous, high-performance, and scalable SAWH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueping Zhang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National University of Singapore, 7 Engineering Drive 1, Singapore, 117574, Singapore
- Key Laboratory of Textile Science & Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Textiles, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Hao Qu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National University of Singapore, 7 Engineering Drive 1, Singapore, 117574, Singapore
| | - Xiangyu Li
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Lenan Zhang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Yaoxin Zhang
- China-UK Low Carbon College, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Jiachen Yang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National University of Singapore, 7 Engineering Drive 1, Singapore, 117574, Singapore
| | - Mengjuan Zhou
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National University of Singapore, 7 Engineering Drive 1, Singapore, 117574, Singapore
| | - Lakshmi Suresh
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National University of Singapore, 7 Engineering Drive 1, Singapore, 117574, Singapore
| | - Siqi Liu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National University of Singapore, 7 Engineering Drive 1, Singapore, 117574, Singapore
| | - Swee Ching Tan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National University of Singapore, 7 Engineering Drive 1, Singapore, 117574, Singapore
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14
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Entezari A, Esan OC, Yan X, Wang R, An L. Sorption-Based Atmospheric Water Harvesting: Materials, Components, Systems, and Applications. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2210957. [PMID: 36869587 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202210957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Freshwater scarcity is a global challenge posing threats to the lives and daily activities of humankind such that two-thirds of the global population currently experience water shortages. Atmospheric water, irrespective of geographical location, is considered as an alternative water source. Sorption-based atmospheric water harvesting (SAWH) has recently emerged as an efficient strategy for decentralized water production. SAWH thus opens up a self-sustaining source of freshwater that can potentially support the global population for various applications. In this review, the state-of-the-art of SAWH, considering its operation principle, thermodynamic analysis, energy assessment, materials, components, different designs, productivity improvement, scale-up, and application for drinking water, is first extensively explored. Thereafter, the practical integration and potential application of SAWH, beyond drinking water, for wide range of utilities in agriculture, fuel/electricity production, thermal management in building services, electronic devices, and textile are comprehensively discussed. The various strategies to reduce human reliance on natural water resources by integrating SAWH into existing technologies, particularly in underdeveloped countries, in order to satisfy the interconnected needs for food, energy, and water are also examined. This study further highlights the urgent need and future research directions to intensify the design and development of hybrid-SAWH systems for sustainability and diverse applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akram Entezari
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Oladapo Christopher Esan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Xiaohui Yan
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Ruzhu Wang
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Liang An
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
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15
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Guan W, Zhao Y, Lei C, Yu G. Molecularly confined hydration in thermoresponsive hydrogels for efficient atmospheric water harvesting. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2308969120. [PMID: 37695918 PMCID: PMC10515161 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2308969120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Water scarcity is a pressing global issue, requiring innovative solutions such as atmospheric water harvesting (AWH), which captures moisture from the air to provide potable water to many water-stressed areas. Thermoresponsive hydrogels, a class of temperature-sensitive polymers, demonstrate potential for AWH as matrices for hygroscopic components like salts predominantly due to their relatively energy-efficient desorption properties compared to other sorbents. However, challenges such as limited swelling capacity due to the salting-out effect and difficulty in more complete water release hinder the effectiveness of conventional hydrogel sorbents. To overcome these limitations, we introduce molecularly confined hydration in thermoresponsive hydrogels by employing a bifunctional polymeric network composed of hygroscopic zwitterionic moieties and thermoresponsive moieties. Here, we show that this approach ensures stable water uptake, enables water release at relatively low temperatures, and exhibits rapid sorption-desorption kinetics. Furthermore, by incorporating photothermal absorbers, the sorbent can achieve solar-driven AWH with comparable water release performance. This work advances the design of AWH sorbents by introducing molecularly confined hydration in thermoresponsive hydrogels, leading to a more efficient and sustainable approach to water harvesting. Our findings offer a potential solution for advanced sorbent design with comprehensive performance to mitigate the freshwater crisis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weixin Guan
- Materials Science and Engineering Program and Walker Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712
| | - Yaxuan Zhao
- Materials Science and Engineering Program and Walker Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712
| | - Chuxin Lei
- Materials Science and Engineering Program and Walker Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712
| | - Guihua Yu
- Materials Science and Engineering Program and Walker Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712
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16
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Choi Y, Baek K, So H. 3D-printing-assisted fabrication of hierarchically structured biomimetic surfaces with dual-wettability for water harvesting. Sci Rep 2023; 13:10691. [PMID: 37393316 PMCID: PMC10314913 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-37461-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Freshwater acquisition methods under various environments are required because water scarcity has intensified worldwide. Furthermore, as water is an essential resource for humans, a freshwater acquisition method that can be utilized even under harsh conditions, such as waterless and polluted water environments, is highly required. In this study, a three-dimensional (3D) printing-assisted hierarchically structured surface with dual-wettability (i.e., surface with both hydrophobic and hydrophilic region) for fog harvesting was developed by mimicking the biological features (i.e., cactus spines and elytra of Namib Desert beetles) that have effective characteristics for fog harvesting. The cactus-shaped surface exhibited self-transportation ability of water droplet, derived from the Laplace pressure gradient. Additionally, microgrooved patterns of the cactus spines were implemented using the staircase effect of 3D printing. Moreover, a partial metal deposition method using wax-based masking was introduced to realize the dual wettability of the elytra of the Namib Desert beetle. Consequently, the proposed surface exhibited the best performance (average weight of 7.85 g for 10 min) for fog harvesting, which was enhanced by the synergetic effect between the Laplace pressure gradient and surface energy gradient. These results support a novel freshwater production system that can be utilized even in harsh conditions, such as waterless and polluted water environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeongu Choi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, South Korea
| | - Keuntae Baek
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, South Korea
| | - Hongyun So
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, South Korea.
- Institute of Nano Science and Technology, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, South Korea.
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17
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Feng A, Onggowarsito C, Mao S, Qiao GG, Fu Q. Divide and Conquer: A Novel Dual-Layered Hydrogel for Atmospheric Moisture Harvesting. CHEMSUSCHEM 2023:e202300137. [PMID: 37019848 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202300137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2023] [Revised: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Atmospheric water harvesting (AWH) has been recognized as a next-generation technology to alleviate water shortages in arid areas. However, the current AWH materials suffer from insufficient water adsorption capacity and high-water retention, which hinder the practical application of AWH materials. In this study, we developed a novel dual-layered hydrogel (DLH) composed of a light-to-heat conversion layer (LHL) containing novel polydopamine-manganese nanoparticles (PDA-Mn NPs) and a water adsorption layer (WAL) made of 2-(acryloyloxyethyl) trimethylammonium chloride (AEtMA). The WAL has a strong ability to adsorb water molecules in the air and has a high-water storage capacity, and the PDA-Mn NPs embedded in the LHL have excellent photothermal conversion efficiency, leading to light-induced autonomous water release. As a result, the DLH displays a high-water adsorption capacity of 7.73 g g-1 under optimal conditions and could near-quantitatively release captured water within 4 h sunlight exposure. Coupled with its low cost, we believed that the DLH will be one of the promising AWH materials for practical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- An Feng
- Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology, Sydney, NSW, 2007, Australia
| | - Casey Onggowarsito
- Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology, Sydney, NSW, 2007, Australia
| | - Shudi Mao
- Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology, Sydney, NSW, 2007, Australia
| | - Greg G Qiao
- Polymer Science Group, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Melbourne Parkville, Melbourne, Victoria, 3010, Australia
| | - Qiang Fu
- Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology, Sydney, NSW, 2007, Australia
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18
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Ahrestani Z, Sadeghzadeh S, Motejadded Emrooz HB. An overview of atmospheric water harvesting methods, the inevitable path of the future in water supply. RSC Adv 2023; 13:10273-10307. [PMID: 37034449 PMCID: PMC10073925 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra07733g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 02/12/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Although science has made great strides in recent years, access to fresh water remains a major challenge for humanity due to water shortage for two-thirds of the world's population. Limited access to fresh water becomes more difficult due to the lack of natural resources of water. Many of these resources are also contaminated by human activities. Many attempts have been made to harvest water from the atmosphere, and condensation systems have received much attention. One of the challenges in generation systems is the high consumption energy of the cooling feed, despite the generation of large amounts of water from the atmosphere. As other airborne contaminants condense with water vapor, the water after harvesting needs to be treated, which adds to construction and maintenance costs. Also, the need for high relative humidity in condensation systems has led scientists to find ways of atmospheric water harvesting at low relative humidity and use renewable energy sources. Sorption systems can absorb atmospheric water without the need for an energy supply and spontaneously. Desiccants such as silica gel and zeolite, due to their high affinity for water, can absorb water vapor in the air through physical or physicochemical bonding, but all of these have slow adsorption kinetics. Therefore, it takes a long time for the water harvesting cycle or they are not able to absorb water at low relative humidity, and others need a lot of energy for the water desorption phase. Metal-Organic Frameworks (MOF) are porous materials that, due to their special structure, are considered the most promising material for atmospheric water harvesting at low relative humidity. MOF-303 has been identified as the most efficient material to date and can harvest 0.7 liters of water per kilogram of MOF-303 at 10% RH and 27 °C. MOFs can harvest atmospheric water even in desert areas using only solar energy, and the water produced is drinkable and does not need to be treated. In this review, systems and methods of atmospheric water harvesting will be studied and compared and then the mechanism of adsorption and desorption in sorption systems will be discussed in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Ahrestani
- MSc of Chemistry and Materials Technologie, Institute of Materials Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna Vienna Austria
- MSc of NanoTechnology, School of Advanced Technologies, Iran University of Science and Technology Tehran Iran
| | - Sadegh Sadeghzadeh
- School of Advanced Technologies, Iran University of Science and Technology Tehran Iran
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19
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Hanikel N, Kurandina D, Chheda S, Zheng Z, Rong Z, Neumann SE, Sauer J, Siepmann JI, Gagliardi L, Yaghi OM. MOF Linker Extension Strategy for Enhanced Atmospheric Water Harvesting. ACS CENTRAL SCIENCE 2023; 9:551-557. [PMID: 36968524 PMCID: PMC10037441 DOI: 10.1021/acscentsci.3c00018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
A linker extension strategy for generating metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) with superior moisture-capturing properties is presented. Applying this design approach involving experiment and computation results in MOF-LA2-1 {[Al(OH)(PZVDC)], where PZVDC2- is (E)-5-(2-carboxylatovinyl)-1H-pyrazole-3-carboxylate}, which exhibits an approximately 50% water capacity increase compared to the state-of-the-art water-harvesting material MOF-303. The power of this approach is the increase in pore volume while retaining the ability of the MOF to harvest water in arid environments under long-term uptake and release cycling, as well as affording a reduction in regeneration heat and temperature. Density functional theory calculations and Monte Carlo simulations give detailed insight pertaining to framework structure, water interactions within its pores, and the resulting water sorption isotherm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikita Hanikel
- Department
of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Kavli
Energy Nanoscience Institute, University
of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Daria Kurandina
- Department
of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Kavli
Energy Nanoscience Institute, University
of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Saumil Chheda
- Department
of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Department of Chemistry,
and Chemical Theory Center, University of
Minnesota—Twin Cities, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Zhiling Zheng
- Department
of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Kavli
Energy Nanoscience Institute, University
of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Bakar
Institute of Digital Materials for the Planet, Division of Computing,
Data Science, and Society, University of
California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Zichao Rong
- Department
of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Kavli
Energy Nanoscience Institute, University
of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Bakar
Institute of Digital Materials for the Planet, Division of Computing,
Data Science, and Society, University of
California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - S. Ephraim Neumann
- Department
of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Kavli
Energy Nanoscience Institute, University
of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Joachim Sauer
- Institut
für Chemie, Humboldt-Universität
zu Berlin, Berlin 10099, Germany
| | - J. Ilja Siepmann
- Department
of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Department of Chemistry,
and Chemical Theory Center, University of
Minnesota—Twin Cities, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Laura Gagliardi
- Department
of Chemistry, Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, and Chicago
Center for Theoretical Chemistry, University
of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Omar M. Yaghi
- Department
of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Kavli
Energy Nanoscience Institute, University
of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Bakar
Institute of Digital Materials for the Planet, Division of Computing,
Data Science, and Society, University of
California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- KACST−UC
Berkeley Center of Excellence for Nanomaterials for Clean Energy Applications, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology, Riyadh 11442, Saudi Arabia
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20
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Dong A, Chen D, Li Q, Qian J. Metal-Organic Frameworks for Greenhouse Gas Applications. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023; 19:e2201550. [PMID: 36563116 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202201550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Using petrol to supply energy for a car or burning coal to heat a building generates plenty of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, including carbon dioxide (CO2 ), water vapor (H2 O), methane (CH4 ), nitrous oxide (N2 O), ozone (O3 ), fluorinated gases. These up-and-coming metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are structurally endowed with rigid inorganic nodes and versatile organic linkers, which have been extensively used in the GHG-related applications to improve the lives and protect the environment. Porous MOF materials and their derivatives have been demonstrated to be competitive and promising candidates for GHG separation, storage and conversions as they shows facile preparation, large porosity, adjustable nanostructure, abundant topology, and tunable physicochemical property. Enormous progress has been made in GHG storage and separation intrinsically stemmed from the different interaction between guest molecule and host framework from MOF itself in the recent five years. Meanwhile, the use of porous MOF materials to transform GHG and the influence of external conditions on the adsorption performance of MOFs for GHG are also enclosed. In this review, it is also highlighted that the existing challenges and future directions are discussed and envisioned in the rational design, facile synthesis and comprehensive utilization of MOFs and their derivatives for practical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anrui Dong
- Key Laboratory of Carbon Materials of Zhejiang Province, College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, 325000, P. R. China
| | - Dandan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Carbon Materials of Zhejiang Province, College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, 325000, P. R. China
| | - Qipeng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, 350002, P. R. China
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Zhaotong University, Zhaotong, 657099, P. R. China
| | - Jinjie Qian
- Key Laboratory of Carbon Materials of Zhejiang Province, College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, 325000, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, 350002, P. R. China
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21
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Lin Y, Shao K, Li S, Li N, Wang S, Wu X, Guo C, Yu L, Murto P, Xu X. Hygroscopic and Photothermal All-Polymer Foams for Efficient Atmospheric Water Harvesting, Passive Humidity Management, and Protective Packaging. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:10084-10097. [PMID: 36753048 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c00302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Environmental humidity and thermal control are of primary importance for fighting global warming, growing energy consumption, and greenhouse gas emissions. Sorption-based atmospheric water harvesting is an emerging technology with great potential in clean water production and passive cooling applications. However, sorption-based humidity management and their hybrid applications are limited due to the lack of energywise designs of hygroscopic materials and devices. Herein, all polymeric 3D foams are developed and evaluated as hygroscopic and photothermal materials. The gas-foaming method generates closed-cell structures with interconnected hydrophilic networks and wrinkled surfaces, expanding hygroscopic, photothermal, and evaporating areas of the 3D foams. These unique advantages lead to efficient water vapor sorption in a wide broad relative humidity (RH) range of 50-90% and efficient water release in a wide solar intensity (0.4-1 sun) and temperature range (27-80 °C). The reversible moisture sorption/release in 50 adsorption/desorption cycles highlights the excellent durability of the 3D foams compared to conventional inorganic desiccants. The 3D foams disclose passive and efficient apparent temperature regulation in warm and humid environments. Moreover, the use of the 3D foams as loose fill for fruit preservation and packaging is demonstrated for the first time by taking the merit of the 3D foams' moisture-absorbing, quick-drying, cushioning, and thermal-insulating properties. This work presents an integrated design of polymeric desiccants and scaffolds, not merely delivering stable water adsorption/desorption but also discovering innovative hybrid applications in humidity management and protective packaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxuan Lin
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Ke Shao
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Shuai Li
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Na Li
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Shuxue Wang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Xiaochun Wu
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Cui Guo
- College of Marine Life Science, Institute of Evolution & Marine Biodiversity, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Liangmin Yu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
- Open Studio for Marine Corrosion and Protection, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Petri Murto
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
| | - Xiaofeng Xu
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
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22
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Miura H, Bon V, Senkovska I, Ehrling S, Bönisch N, Mäder G, Grünzner S, Khadiev A, Novikov D, Maity K, Richter A, Kaskel S. Spatiotemporal Design of the Metal-Organic Framework DUT-8(M). ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2207741. [PMID: 36349824 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202207741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Revised: 10/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Switchable metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) change their structure in time and selectively open their pores adsorbing guest molecules, leading to highly selective separation, pressure amplification, sensing, and actuation applications. The 3D engineering of MOFs has reached a high level of maturity, but spatiotemporal evolution opens a new perspective toward engineering materials in the 4th dimension (time) by t-axis design, in essence exploiting the deliberate tuning of activation barriers. This work demonstrates the first example in which an explicit temporal engineering of a switchable MOF (DUT-8, [M1 M2 (2,6-ndc)2 dabco]n , 2,6-ndc = 2,6-naphthalene dicarboxylate, dabco = 1,4diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane, M1 = Ni, M2 = Co) is presented. The temporal response is deliberately tuned by variations in cobalt content. A spectrum of advanced analytical methods is presented for analyzing the switching kinetics stimulated by vapor adsorption using in situ time-resolved techniques ranging from ensemble adsorption and advanced synchrotron X-ray diffraction experiments to individual crystal analysis. A novel analysis technique based on microscopic observation of individual crystals in a microfluidic channel reveals the lowest limit for adsorption switching reported so far. Differences in the spatiotemporal response of crystal ensembles originate from an induction time that varies statistically and widens characteristically with increasing cobalt content reflecting increasing activation barriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Miura
- Inorganic Chemistry I, Technische Universität Dresden, Bergstrasse 66, 01062, Dresden, Germany
- Nippon Steel Corporation, 20-1 Shintomi, Futtsu, Chiba, 293-8511, Japan
| | - Volodymyr Bon
- Inorganic Chemistry I, Technische Universität Dresden, Bergstrasse 66, 01062, Dresden, Germany
| | - Irena Senkovska
- Inorganic Chemistry I, Technische Universität Dresden, Bergstrasse 66, 01062, Dresden, Germany
| | - Sebastian Ehrling
- 3P INSTRUMENTS GmbH & Co. KG, Branch office Leipzig, Bitterfelder Str. 1-5, 04129, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Nadine Bönisch
- Inorganic Chemistry I, Technische Universität Dresden, Bergstrasse 66, 01062, Dresden, Germany
| | - Gerrit Mäder
- Fraunhofer Institute of Materials and Beam Technology, Wintergerbstr. 28, 01277, Dresden, Germany
| | - Stefan Grünzner
- Professur Mikrosystemtechnik, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062, Dresden, Germany
| | - Azat Khadiev
- P23 group, Petra III Synchrotron, DESY, Notkestraße 85, 22607, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Dmitri Novikov
- P23 group, Petra III Synchrotron, DESY, Notkestraße 85, 22607, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Kartik Maity
- Inorganic Chemistry I, Technische Universität Dresden, Bergstrasse 66, 01062, Dresden, Germany
| | - Andreas Richter
- Professur Mikrosystemtechnik, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062, Dresden, Germany
| | - Stefan Kaskel
- Inorganic Chemistry I, Technische Universität Dresden, Bergstrasse 66, 01062, Dresden, Germany
- Fraunhofer Institute of Materials and Beam Technology, Wintergerbstr. 28, 01277, Dresden, Germany
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23
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Ying Y, Yang G, Tao Y, Wu Q, Li H. Synergistically Enabling Fast-Cycling and High-Yield Atmospheric Water Harvesting with Plasma-Treated Magnetic Flower-Like Porous Carbons. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2204840. [PMID: 36424187 PMCID: PMC9875688 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202204840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Revised: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Sorption-based atmospheric water harvesting (AWH) offers a promising solution to the water scarcity in arid regions. However, majority of the existing AWH sorbents are suffering from rather poor water productivity due to their slow water adsorption-desorption cycling capability especially when they are applied in high packing thickness. Herein, an oxygen plasma-treated magnetic flower-like porous carbon (P-MFPC) with large open surfaces, abundant surface oxygen-containing moieties, and excellent localized magnetic induction heating (LMIH) capacity is developed. These merits, together with the use of air-blowing-assisted water adsorption and LMIH-driven water desorption strategy, synergistically allow P-MFPC with 2 cm of packing thickness to complete a AWH cycling in 20 min and deliver a record 4.5 LH2O kg-1 day-1 of water productivity at 30% relative humidity. Synergistically enabling such an ultrafast AWH cycling at high sorbent packing thickness provides a promising way for the scalable high-yield AWH with compact AWH systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifeng Ying
- State Key Laboratory of Materials‐Oriented Chemical EngineeringCollege of Chemical EngineeringNanjing Tech UniversityNanjing211816P. R. China
| | - Guifang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Materials‐Oriented Chemical EngineeringCollege of Chemical EngineeringNanjing Tech UniversityNanjing211816P. R. China
| | - Yingle Tao
- State Key Laboratory of Materials‐Oriented Chemical EngineeringCollege of Chemical EngineeringNanjing Tech UniversityNanjing211816P. R. China
| | - Qiannan Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Materials‐Oriented Chemical EngineeringCollege of Chemical EngineeringNanjing Tech UniversityNanjing211816P. R. China
| | - Haiqing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Materials‐Oriented Chemical EngineeringCollege of Chemical EngineeringNanjing Tech UniversityNanjing211816P. R. China
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24
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Zheng Z, Hanikel N, Lyu H, Yaghi OM. Broadly Tunable Atmospheric Water Harvesting in Multivariate Metal-Organic Frameworks. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:22669-22675. [PMID: 36446081 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c09756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Development of multivariate metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) as derivatives of the state-of-art water-harvesting material MOF-303 {[Al(OH)(PZDC)], where PZDC2- is 1H-pyrazole-3,5-dicarboxylate} was shown to be a powerful tool to generate efficient water sorbents tailored to a given environmental condition. Herein, a new multivariate MOF-303-based water-harvesting framework series from readily available reactants is developed. The resulting MOFs exhibit a larger degree of tunability in the operational relative humidity range (16%), regeneration temperature (14 °C), and desorption enthalpy (5 kJ mol-1) than reported previously. Additionally, a high-yielding (≥90%) and scalable (∼3.5 kg) synthesis is demonstrated in water and with excellent space-time yields, without compromising framework crystallinity, porosity, and water-harvesting performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiling Zheng
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California94720, United States.,Kavli Energy Nanoscience Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California94720, United States.,Bakar Institute of Digital Materials for the Planet, Division of Computing, Data Science, and Society, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California94720, United States
| | - Nikita Hanikel
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California94720, United States.,Kavli Energy Nanoscience Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California94720, United States
| | - Hao Lyu
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California94720, United States.,Kavli Energy Nanoscience Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California94720, United States
| | - Omar M Yaghi
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California94720, United States.,Kavli Energy Nanoscience Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California94720, United States.,Bakar Institute of Digital Materials for the Planet, Division of Computing, Data Science, and Society, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California94720, United States.,KACST-UC Berkeley Center of Excellence for Nanomaterials for Clean Energy Applications, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology, Riyadh11442, Saudi Arabia
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25
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Deng F, Chen Z, Wang C, Xiang C, Poredoš P, Wang R. Hygroscopic Porous Polymer for Sorption-Based Atmospheric Water Harvesting. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2022; 9:e2204724. [PMID: 36209387 PMCID: PMC9685462 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202204724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Revised: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Sorption-based atmospheric water harvesting (SAWH) holds huge potential due to its freshwater capabilities for alleviating water scarcity stress. The two essential parts, sorbent material and system structure, dominate the water sorption-desorption performance and the total water productivity for SAWH system together. Attributed to the superiorities in aspects of sorption-desorption performance, scalability, and compatibility in practical SAWH devices, hygroscopic porous polymers (HPPs) as next-generation sorbents are recently going through a vast surge. However, as HPPs' sorption mechanism, performance, and applied potential lack comprehensive and accurate guidelines, SAWH's subsequent development is restricted. To address the aforementioned problems, this review introduces HPPs' recent development related to mechanism, performance, and application. Furthermore, corresponding optimized strategies for both HPP-based sorbent bed and coupling structural design are proposed. Finally, original research routes are directed to develop next-generation HPP-based SAWH systems. The presented guidelines and insights can influence and inspire the future development of SAWH technology, further achieving SAWH's practical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangfang Deng
- Institute of Refrigeration and CryogenicsMOE Engineering Research Center of Solar Power and RefrigerationShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai200040China
| | - Zhihui Chen
- Institute of Refrigeration and CryogenicsMOE Engineering Research Center of Solar Power and RefrigerationShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai200040China
| | - Chenxi Wang
- Institute of Refrigeration and CryogenicsMOE Engineering Research Center of Solar Power and RefrigerationShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai200040China
| | - Chengjie Xiang
- Institute of Refrigeration and CryogenicsMOE Engineering Research Center of Solar Power and RefrigerationShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai200040China
| | - Primož Poredoš
- Institute of Refrigeration and CryogenicsMOE Engineering Research Center of Solar Power and RefrigerationShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai200040China
| | - Ruzhu Wang
- Institute of Refrigeration and CryogenicsMOE Engineering Research Center of Solar Power and RefrigerationShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai200040China
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26
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Zhang S, Fu J, Das S, Ye K, Zhu W, Ben T. Crystalline Porous Organic Salt for Ultrarapid Adsorption/Desorption‐Based Atmospheric Water Harvesting by Dual Hydrogen Bond System. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202208660. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202208660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Zhang
- Zhejiang Engineering Laboratory for Green Syntheses and Applications of Fluorine-Containing Specialty Chemicals Institute of Advanced Fluorine-Containing Materials Zhejiang Normal University 321004 Jinhua China
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials Institute of Physical Chemistry Zhejiang Normal University 321004 Jinhua China
- Department of Chemistry Jilin University 130012 Changchun China
| | - Jingru Fu
- Zhejiang Engineering Laboratory for Green Syntheses and Applications of Fluorine-Containing Specialty Chemicals Institute of Advanced Fluorine-Containing Materials Zhejiang Normal University 321004 Jinhua China
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials Institute of Physical Chemistry Zhejiang Normal University 321004 Jinhua China
- Department of Chemistry Jilin University 130012 Changchun China
| | - Saikat Das
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science Tokyo University of Science Kagurazaka, Shinjuku-ku Tokyo 162-8601 Japan
| | - Kaiqi Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials Jilin University 130012 Changchun China
| | - Weidong Zhu
- Zhejiang Engineering Laboratory for Green Syntheses and Applications of Fluorine-Containing Specialty Chemicals Institute of Advanced Fluorine-Containing Materials Zhejiang Normal University 321004 Jinhua China
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials Institute of Physical Chemistry Zhejiang Normal University 321004 Jinhua China
- Department of Chemistry Jilin University 130012 Changchun China
| | - Teng Ben
- Zhejiang Engineering Laboratory for Green Syntheses and Applications of Fluorine-Containing Specialty Chemicals Institute of Advanced Fluorine-Containing Materials Zhejiang Normal University 321004 Jinhua China
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials Institute of Physical Chemistry Zhejiang Normal University 321004 Jinhua China
- Department of Chemistry Jilin University 130012 Changchun China
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27
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Shi W, Guan W, Lei C, Yu G. Sorbents for Atmospheric Water Harvesting: From Design Principles to Applications. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202211267. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202211267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Wen Shi
- Materials Science and Engineering Program and Walker Department of Mechanical Engineering The University of Texas at Austin Austin TX 78712 USA
| | - Weixin Guan
- Materials Science and Engineering Program and Walker Department of Mechanical Engineering The University of Texas at Austin Austin TX 78712 USA
| | - Chuxin Lei
- Materials Science and Engineering Program and Walker Department of Mechanical Engineering The University of Texas at Austin Austin TX 78712 USA
| | - Guihua Yu
- Materials Science and Engineering Program and Walker Department of Mechanical Engineering The University of Texas at Austin Austin TX 78712 USA
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28
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Zhang S, Fu J, Das S, Ye K, Zhu W, Ben T. Crystalline Porous Organic Salt for Ultrarapid Adsorption/Desorption‐Based Atmospheric Water Harvesting by Dual Hydrogen Bond System. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202208660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Zhang
- Zhejiang Normal University Institute of Advanced Fluorine-Containing Materials Yingbin Street 688 321004 Jinhua CHINA
| | - Jingru Fu
- Zhejiang Normal University Institute of Advanced Fluorine-Containing Materials CHINA
| | - Saikat Das
- Tokyo University of Science - Kagurazakakudan Campus: Tokyo Rika Daigaku Department of Applied Chemistry JAPAN
| | - Kaiqi Ye
- Jilin University State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials CHINA
| | - Weidong Zhu
- Zhejiang Normal University Institute of Advanced Fluorine-Containing Materials CHINA
| | - Teng Ben
- Zhejiang Normal University Institute of Advanced Fluorine-Containing Materials Yingbin Street 688 321004 Jinhua CHINA
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29
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Shi W, Guan W, Lei C, Yu G. Sorbents for Atmospheric Water Harvesting: from Design Principles to Applications. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202211267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wen Shi
- UT Austin: The University of Texas at Austin Materials Science and Engineering UNITED STATES
| | - Weixin Guan
- UT Austin: The University of Texas at Austin Materials Science and Engineering UNITED STATES
| | - Chuxin Lei
- UT Austin: The University of Texas at Austin Materials Science and Engineering UNITED STATES
| | - Guihua Yu
- The University of Texas at Austin Mechanical Engineering 1 University Station C2200 78712 Austin UNITED STATES
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30
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Wang X, Yang D, Zhang M, Hu Q, Gao K, Zhou J, Yu ZZ. Super-Hygroscopic Calcium Chloride/Graphene Oxide/Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) Gels for Spontaneous Harvesting of Atmospheric Water and Solar-Driven Water Release. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:33881-33891. [PMID: 35849823 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c08591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Although atmospheric water harvesting is a promising approach for extracting clean water in water deficient areas, most atmospheric water collectors require additional energy for releasing the water absorbed. It is still challenging to improve both moisture absorption capacity and desorption efficiency of moisture water collectors. Inspired by clean solar energy and the large humidity difference between day and night, super-hygroscopic calcium chloride (CaCl2)/graphene oxide (GO)/poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM) gels are designed for spontaneous collection of atmospheric water in a wide range of relative humidity (RH) followed by solar-driven release of the water absorbed. An optimal CaCl2/GO/PNIPAM hygroscopic gel possesses a hierarchical porous structure with directional water transport channels, facilitating water capture and release, thus exhibiting a high moisture absorption capacity of up to 3.6 g g-1 at an RH of 90%. Driven by simulated sunlight, the solar-thermal energy conversion effect of the GO component triggers a unique hydrophilic-hydrophobic conformational transition and shrinkage of the PNIPAM for efficient release of the water absorbed. The integration of the spontaneous harvesting of atmospheric water and the solar-driven water release makes the super-hygroscopic gels promising for efficiently utilizing atmospheric water for special applications where water is desperately necessary but unavailable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuejiao Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Dongzhi Yang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Ming Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Qian Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Kejing Gao
- Petrochina Petrochemical Research Institute, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Jingsheng Zhou
- Petrochina Petrochemical Research Institute, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Zhong-Zhen Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
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31
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Bioinspired asymmetric amphiphilic surface for triboelectric enhanced efficient water harvesting. Nat Commun 2022; 13:4168. [PMID: 35851036 PMCID: PMC9293931 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-31987-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The effective acquisition of clean water from atmospheric water offers a potential sustainable solution for increasing global water and energy shortages. In this study, an asymmetric amphiphilic surface incorporating self-driven triboelectric adsorption was developed to obtain clean water from the atmosphere. Inspired by cactus spines and beetle elytra, the asymmetric amphiphilic surface was constructed by synthesizing amphiphilic cellulose ester coatings followed by coating on laser-engraved spines of fluorinated ethylene propylene. Notably, the spontaneous interfacial triboelectric charge between the droplet and the collector was exploited for electrostatic adsorption. Additionally, the droplet triboelectric nanogenerator converts the mechanical energy generated by droplets falling into electrical energy through the volume effect, achieving an excellent output performance, and further enhancing the electrostatic adsorption by means of external charges, which achieved a water harvesting efficiency of 93.18 kg/m2 h. This strategy provides insights for the design of water harvesting system. The effective acquisition of clean water from atmospheric water offers a potential sustainable solution for increasing global water shortages. Here, authors developed a bioinspired asymmetric amphiphilic surface incorporating self-driven triboelectric adsorption to obtain clean water.
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32
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Lu K, Liu C, Liu J, He Y, Tian X, Liu Z, Cao Y, Shen Y, Huang W, Zhang K. Hierarchical Natural Pollen Cell-Derived Composite Sorbents for Efficient Atmospheric Water Harvesting. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:33032-33040. [PMID: 35839436 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c04845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Freshwater scarcity is a critical challenge threatening human survival especially due to poverty and arid and off-grid regions. Sorption-based atmospheric water harvesting (AWH) has emerged as a promising strategy for clean water production. However, most of the high-capacity sorbents are limited by the poor sorption/desorption kinetics and uncontrollable liquid leakage problem. Inspired by the plant transpiration process, we develop an environmentally friendly LiCl@pollen cell-polypyrrole (LiCl@PC-PPy) composite sorbent by confining the LiCl hygroscopic agent in the cages of the PC-PPy. The composite sorbent exhibits much improved sorption/desorption kinetics owing to the hydrophilicity of the hierarchical porous structure of the pollen cells, which provides abundant water sorption active sites and diffusion pathways and forms a concave meniscus on cell skeletons to maximize the thermal utilization efficiency. Moreover, the big cavities of the PC-PPy cages can serve as a water reservoir to reduce liquid leakage. As a result, the sorbent can capture atmospheric water to 85% of its own weight under 60% relative humidity (RH) within 2 h and rapidly release the water within 1 h under weak light irradiation of 0.8 sun. As a proof-of-concept demonstration, the fabricated AWH device can absorb 1.55 gwater/gsorbent at night and collect 1.53 gwater/gsorbent of water in 1-day outdoor operation, and the collected water can meet the drinking water standards defined by the World Health Organization (WHO) and Environmental Protection Agency (EPA).
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Affiliation(s)
- Kunjuan Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, P. R. China
| | - Chenjue Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, P. R. China
| | - Jing Liu
- School of Materials and Energy, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, P. R. China
| | - Yi He
- Hangzhou Vocational & Technical College, Hangzhou 310005, P. R. China
| | - Xinlong Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, P. R. China
| | - Zhongxin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, P. R. China
| | - Yang Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, P. R. China
| | - Yijun Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, P. R. China
| | - Wei Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, P. R. China
| | - Kexi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, P. R. China
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33
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Feng A, Akther N, Duan X, Peng S, Onggowarsito C, Mao S, Fu Q, Kolev SD. Recent Development of Atmospheric Water Harvesting Materials: A Review. ACS MATERIALS AU 2022; 2:576-595. [PMID: 36855625 PMCID: PMC9928405 DOI: 10.1021/acsmaterialsau.2c00027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The lack of freshwater has been threatening many people who are living in Africa, the Middle East, and Oceania, while the discovery of freshwater harvesting technology is considered a promising solution. Recent advances in structured surface materials, metal-organic frameworks, hygroscopic inorganic compounds (and derivative materials), and functional hydrogels have demonstrated their potential as platform technologies for atmospheric water (i.e., supersaturated fog and unsaturated water) harvesting due to their cheap price, zero second energy requirement, high water capture capacity, and easy installation and operation compared with traditional water harvesting methods, such as long-distance water transportation, seawater desalination, and electrical dew collection devices in rural areas or individual-scale emergent usage. In this contribution, we highlight recent developments in functional materials for "passive" atmospheric water harvesting application, focusing on the structure-property relationship (SPR) to illustrate the transport mechanism of water capture and release. We also discuss technical challenges in the practical applications of the water harvesting materials, including low adaptability in a harsh environment, low capacity under low humidity, self-desorption, and insufficient solar-thermal conversion. Finally, we provide insightful perspectives on the design and fabrication of atmospheric water harvesting materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- An Feng
- Centre
for Technology in Water and Wastewater, School of Civil and Environmental
Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, New South Wales 2007, Australia
| | - Nawshad Akther
- Centre
for Technology in Water and Wastewater, School of Civil and Environmental
Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, New South Wales 2007, Australia
| | - Xiaofei Duan
- Melbourne
TrACEES Platform, School of Chemistry, The
University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Shuhua Peng
- School
of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, UNSW, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Casey Onggowarsito
- Centre
for Technology in Water and Wastewater, School of Civil and Environmental
Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, New South Wales 2007, Australia
| | - Shudi Mao
- Centre
for Technology in Water and Wastewater, School of Civil and Environmental
Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, New South Wales 2007, Australia
| | - Qiang Fu
- Centre
for Technology in Water and Wastewater, School of Civil and Environmental
Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, New South Wales 2007, Australia,
| | - Spas D. Kolev
- Melbourne
TrACEES Platform, School of Chemistry, The
University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia,Department
of Chemical Engineering, The University
of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
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34
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Diversifying Water Sources with Atmospheric Water Harvesting to Enhance Water Supply Resilience. SUSTAINABILITY 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/su14137783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The unequivocal global warming has an explicit impact on the natural water cycle and resultantly leads to an increasing occurrence of extreme weather events which in turn bring challenges and unavoidable destruction to the urban water supply system. As such, diversifying water sources is a key solution to building the resilience of the water supply system. An atmospheric water harvesting can capture water out of the air and provide a point-of-use water source directly. Currently, a series of atmospheric water harvesting have been proposed and developed to provide water sources under various moisture content ranging from 30–80% with a maximum water collection rate of 200,000 L/day. In comparison to conventional water source alternatives, atmospheric water harvesting avoids the construction of storage and distribution grey infrastructure. However, the high price and low water generation rate make this technology unfavorable as a viable alternative to general potable water sources whereas it has advantages compared with bottled water in both cost and environmental impacts. Moreover, atmospheric water harvesting can also provide a particular solution in the agricultural sector in countries with poor irrigation infrastructure but moderate humidity. Overall, atmospheric water harvesting could provide communities and/or cities with an indiscriminate solution to enhance water supply resilience. Further research and efforts are needed to increase the water generation rate and reduce the cost, particularly via leveraging solar energy.
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35
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Peng H, Xiong W, Yang Z, Xu Z, Cao J, Jia M, Xiang Y. Advanced MOFs@aerogel composites: Construction and application towards environmental remediation. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 432:128684. [PMID: 35303663 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.128684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Revised: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Environmental pollution has drawn forth advanced materials and progressive techniques concentrating on sustainable development. Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) have aroused vast interest resulting from their excellent property in structure and function. Conversely, powdery MOFs in highly crystalline follow with fragility, poor processability and recoverability. Aerogels distinguished by the unique three-dimensional (3D) interconnected pore structures with high porosity and accessible surface area are promising carriers for MOFs. Given these, combining MOFs with aerogels at molecule level to obtain advanced composites is excepted to further enhance their performance with higher practicability. Herein, we focus on the latest studies on the MOFs@aerogel composites. The construction of MOFs@aerogel with different synthetic routes and drying methods are discussed. To explore the connection between structure and performance, pore structure engineering and quantitation of MOFs content are outlined. Furthermore, various types of MOFs@aerogel composites and their carbonized derivatives are reviewed, as well as the applications of MOFs@aerogel for environmental remediation referring to water purification and air clearing. More importantly, outlooks towards these emerging advanced composites have been presented from the perspective of practical application and future development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haihao Peng
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, PR China
| | - Weiping Xiong
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, PR China.
| | - Zhaohui Yang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, PR China.
| | - Zhengyong Xu
- Hunan Modern Environmental Technology Co. Ltd, Changsha 410004, PR China
| | - Jiao Cao
- School of Chemistry and Food Engineering, Changsha University of Science & Technology, Changsha 410114, PR China
| | - Meiying Jia
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, PR China
| | - Yinping Xiang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, PR China
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Xi L, Zhang M, Zhang L, Lew TTS, Lam YM. Novel Materials for Urban Farming. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2105009. [PMID: 34668260 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202105009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Scarcity of natural resources, shifting demographics, climate change, and increasing waste are four major challenges in the quest to feed the exploding world population. These challenges serve as the impetus to harness novel technologies to improve agriculture, productivity, and sustainability. Urban farming has several advantages over conventional farming: higher productivity, improved sustainability, and the ability to provide fresh food all year round. Novel materials are key to accelerating the evolution of urban farming - with their ability to facilitate controlled release of nutrients and pesticides, improved seed health, substrates with better water retention capability, more efficient recycling of agricultural waste, and precise plant health monitoring. Materials science enables environmental sustainability and higher harvest yields in urban farms. Here, Singapore is used as an example of a land-scarce city where urban farming may be the solution for future food production. Potential research directions and challenges in urban farming are highlighted, and how material optimization and innovation drive the development of urban farming to meet national and global food demands is briefly discussed. This review serves as a guide for researchers and a reference for stakeholders of urban farms, policy makers, and other interested parties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lifei Xi
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
- Facility for Analysis, Characterisation, Testing and Simulation (FACTS), Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Mengyuan Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Liling Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Tedrick T S Lew
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, 138634, Singapore
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117585, Singapore
| | - Yeng Ming Lam
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
- Facility for Analysis, Characterisation, Testing and Simulation (FACTS), Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
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Silva MP, Ribeiro AM, Silva CG, Ho Cho K, Lee UH, Faria JL, Loureiro JM, Chang JS, Rodrigues AE, Ferreira A. Atmospheric water harvesting on MIL-100(Fe) upon a cyclic adsorption process. Sep Purif Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2022.120803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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38
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Guo Y, Guan W, Lei C, Lu H, Shi W, Yu G. Scalable super hygroscopic polymer films for sustainable moisture harvesting in arid environments. Nat Commun 2022; 13:2761. [PMID: 35589809 PMCID: PMC9120194 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-30505-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracting ubiquitous atmospheric water is a sustainable strategy to enable decentralized access to safely managed water but remains challenging due to its limited daily water output at low relative humidity (≤30% RH). Here, we report super hygroscopic polymer films (SHPFs) composed of renewable biomasses and hygroscopic salt, exhibiting high water uptake of 0.64–0.96 g g−1 at 15–30% RH. Konjac glucomannan facilitates the highly porous structures with enlarged air-polymer interfaces for active moisture capture and water vapor transport. Thermoresponsive hydroxypropyl cellulose enables phase transition at a low temperature to assist the release of collected water via hydrophobic interactions. With rapid sorption-desorption kinetics, SHPFs operate 14–24 cycles per day in arid environments, equivalent to a water yield of 5.8–13.3 L kg−1. Synthesized via a simple casting method using sustainable raw materials, SHPFs highlight the potential for low-cost and scalable atmospheric water harvesting technology to mitigate the global water crisis. Extracting atmospheric water is a sustainable strategy to enable decentralized access to safely managed water but remains impractical due to its limited daily water output at low relative humidity. Here, the authors demonstrate a hygroscopic polymer composed of renewable biomass which allows high water uptake at low relative humidity
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Affiliation(s)
- Youhong Guo
- Materials Science and Engineering Program and Walker Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - Weixin Guan
- Materials Science and Engineering Program and Walker Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - Chuxin Lei
- Materials Science and Engineering Program and Walker Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - Hengyi Lu
- Materials Science and Engineering Program and Walker Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - Wen Shi
- Materials Science and Engineering Program and Walker Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - Guihua Yu
- Materials Science and Engineering Program and Walker Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA.
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Lei C, Guo Y, Guan W, Lu H, Shi W, Yu G. Polyzwitterionic Hydrogels for Efficient Atmospheric Water Harvesting. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202200271. [PMID: 35089612 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202200271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Atmospheric water harvesting (AWH) is regarded as one of the promising strategies for freshwater production desirable to provide sustainable water for landlocked and arid regions. Hygroscopic materials have attracted widespread attention because of their water harvesting performance. However, the introduction of many inorganic salts often leads to aggregation and leakage issues in practical use. Here, polyzwitterionic hydrogels are developed as an effective AWH material platform. Via anti-polyelectrolyte effects, the hygroscopic salt coordinated with polymer chains could capture moisture and enhance the swelling property, leading to a strong moisture sorption capacity. The hydrogel shows superior AWH performance (0.62 g g-1 , 120 minutes for equilibrium at 30 % relative humidity) and produces 5.87 L kg-1 freshwater per day. It is anticipated that the polyzwitterionic hydrogels with unique salt-responsive properties could provide new insights into the design and synthesis of next-generation AWH materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuxin Lei
- Materials Science and Engineering Program and Walker Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Youhong Guo
- Materials Science and Engineering Program and Walker Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Weixin Guan
- Materials Science and Engineering Program and Walker Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Hengyi Lu
- Materials Science and Engineering Program and Walker Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Wen Shi
- Materials Science and Engineering Program and Walker Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Guihua Yu
- Materials Science and Engineering Program and Walker Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
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40
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Xu X, Bizmark N, Christie KSS, Datta SS, Ren ZJ, Priestley RD. Thermoresponsive Polymers for Water Treatment and Collection. Macromolecules 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.1c01502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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41
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Lu H, Shi W, Guo Y, Guan W, Lei C, Yu G. Materials Engineering for Atmospheric Water Harvesting: Progress and Perspectives. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2110079. [PMID: 35122451 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202110079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Revised: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Atmospheric water harvesting (AWH) is emerging as a promising strategy to produce fresh water from abundant airborne moisture to overcome the global clean water shortage. The ubiquitous moisture resources allow AWH to be free from geographical restrictions and potentially realize decentralized applications, making it a vital parallel or supplementary freshwater production approach to liquid water resource-based technologies. Recent advances in regulating chemical properties and micro/nanostructures of moisture-harvesting materials have demonstrated new possibilities to promote enhanced device performance and new understandings. This perspective aims to provide a timely overview on the state-of-the-art materials design and how they serve as the active components in AWH. First, the key processes of AWH, including vapor condensation, droplet nucleation, growth, and departure are outlined, and the desired material properties based on the fundamental mechanisms are discussed. Then, how tailoring materials-water interactions at the molecular level play a vital role in realizing high water uptake and low energy consumption is shown. Last, the challenges and outlook on further improving AWH from material designs and system engineering aspects are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hengyi Lu
- Materials Science and Engineering Program and Walker Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - Wen Shi
- Materials Science and Engineering Program and Walker Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - Youhong Guo
- Materials Science and Engineering Program and Walker Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - Weixin Guan
- Materials Science and Engineering Program and Walker Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - Chuxin Lei
- Materials Science and Engineering Program and Walker Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - Guihua Yu
- Materials Science and Engineering Program and Walker Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
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42
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Díaz-Marín CD, Zhang L, Lu Z, Alshrah M, Grossman JC, Wang EN. Kinetics of Sorption in Hygroscopic Hydrogels. NANO LETTERS 2022; 22:1100-1107. [PMID: 35061401 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.1c04216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Hygroscopic hydrogels hold significant promise for high-performance atmospheric water harvesting, passive cooling, and thermal management. However, a mechanistic understanding of the sorption kinetics of hygroscopic hydrogels remains elusive, impeding an optimized design and broad adoption. Here, we develop a generalized two-concentration model (TCM) to describe the sorption kinetics of hygroscopic hydrogels, where vapor transport in hydrogel micropores and liquid transport in polymer nanopores are coupled through the sorption at the interface. We show that the liquid transport due to the chemical potential gradient in the hydrogel plays an important role in the fast kinetics. The high water uptake is attributed to the expansion of hydrogel during liquid transport. Moreover, we identify key design parameters governing the kinetics, including the initial porosity, hydrogel thickness, and shear modulus. This work provides a generic framework of sorption kinetics, which bridges the knowledge gap between the fundamental transport and practical design of hygroscopic hydrogels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos D Díaz-Marín
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Lenan Zhang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Zhengmao Lu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Mohammed Alshrah
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Jeffrey C Grossman
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Evelyn N Wang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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43
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Lei C, Guo Y, Guan W, Lu H, Shi W, Yu G. Polyzwitterionic Hydrogels for Efficient Atmospheric Water Harvesting. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202200271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chuxin Lei
- UT Austin: The University of Texas at Austin Mechanical Engineering UNITED STATES
| | - Youhong Guo
- UT Austin: The University of Texas at Austin Mechanical Engineering 204 E Dean Keeton StAustin 78712 Austin UNITED STATES
| | - Weixin Guan
- UT Austin: The University of Texas at Austin Mechanical Engineering UNITED STATES
| | - Hengyi Lu
- UT Austin: The University of Texas at Austin Mechanical Engineering UNITED STATES
| | - Wen Shi
- UT Austin: The University of Texas at Austin Mechanical Engineering UNITED STATES
| | - Guihua Yu
- The University of Texas at Austin Mechanical Engineering 1 University Station C2200 78712 Austin UNITED STATES
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44
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Yao W, Zhu X, Xu Z, Davis RA, Liu G, Zhong H, Lin X, Dong P, Ye M, Shen J. Loofah Sponge-Derived Hygroscopic Photothermal Absorber for All-Weather Atmospheric Water Harvesting. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:4680-4689. [PMID: 35034450 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c20576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The loofah gourd is like a natural water tank that stores underground water and drains it out after aging, leaving only a three-dimensional network consisting of hollow and interconnected fibers. This phenomenon inspired us to fabricate a solar-energy-powered sorption-based atmospheric water harvesting device using a loofah sponge. Herein, moisture absorption and photothermal conversion strategies are rationally designed to fast release the absorbed water. This is accomplished by filling the hollow and connected loofah fiber with LiCl and replacing the original luffa peel with a bacterial cellulose (BC)/carbon nanotube (CNT) photothermal conversion membrane. As a result, loofah/BC/CNT (LBC)@LiCl presents a high water absorption capacity of 2.65 g g-1 at 90% relative humidity (RH) and fast water release performance of 1.33 kg m-2 h-1 under 1.0 sun. Noticeably, ∼1.92-2.40 kg LBC@LiCl can produce daily drinking water for adults (2000-2500 mL) in one night outdoors at ∼66% RH, proving that it is a feasible method to overcome the drinking water shortage of poor and arid areas using cheap and renewable biomass material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Yao
- Institute of Special Materials and Technology, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, P. R. China
- Department of Materials Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, P. R. China
| | - Xiaodong Zhu
- Institute of Special Materials and Technology, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, P. R. China
- Department of Materials Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, P. R. China
| | - Zhenglong Xu
- Institute of Special Materials and Technology, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, P. R. China
- Department of Materials Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, P. R. China
| | - Ruth Anaya Davis
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Howard University, Washington, District of Columbia 20059, United States
| | - Guanglei Liu
- Institute of Special Materials and Technology, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, P. R. China
- Department of Materials Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, P. R. China
| | - Haibin Zhong
- Institute of Special Materials and Technology, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, P. R. China
- Department of Materials Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, P. R. China
| | - Xianglong Lin
- Institute of Special Materials and Technology, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, P. R. China
| | - Pei Dong
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, George Mason University, Fairfax, Virginia 22030, United States
| | - Mingxin Ye
- Institute of Special Materials and Technology, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, P. R. China
| | - Jianfeng Shen
- Institute of Special Materials and Technology, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, P. R. China
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45
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Li Q, Ying Y, Tao Y, Li H. Assemblable Carbon Fiber/Metal–Organic Framework Monoliths for Energy-Efficient Atmospheric Water Harvesting. Ind Eng Chem Res 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.1c03452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qiangqiang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Yifeng Ying
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Yingle Tao
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Haiqing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
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46
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Kanti Chattopadhyay P, Ranjan Singha N. MOF and derived materials as aerogels: Structure, property, and performance relations. Coord Chem Rev 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2021.214125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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47
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Lord J, Thomas A, Treat N, Forkin M, Bain R, Dulac P, Behroozi CH, Mamutov T, Fongheiser J, Kobilansky N, Washburn S, Truesdell C, Lee C, Schmaelzle PH. Global potential for harvesting drinking water from air using solar energy. Nature 2021; 598:611-617. [PMID: 34707305 PMCID: PMC8550973 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-021-03900-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Access to safely managed drinking water (SMDW) remains a global challenge, and affects 2.2 billion people1,2. Solar-driven atmospheric water harvesting (AWH) devices with continuous cycling may accelerate progress by enabling decentralized extraction of water from air3-6, but low specific yields (SY) and low daytime relative humidity (RH) have raised questions about their performance (in litres of water output per day)7-11. However, to our knowledge, no analysis has mapped the global potential of AWH12 despite favourable conditions in tropical regions, where two-thirds of people without SMDW live2. Here we show that AWH could provide SMDW for a billion people. Our assessment-using Google Earth Engine13-introduces a hypothetical 1-metre-square device with a SY profile of 0.2 to 2.5 litres per kilowatt-hour (0.1 to 1.25 litres per kilowatt-hour for a 2-metre-square device) at 30% to 90% RH, respectively. Such a device could meet a target average daily drinking water requirement of 5 litres per day per person14. We plot the impact potential of existing devices and new sorbent classes, which suggests that these targets could be met with continued technological development, and well within thermodynamic limits. Indeed, these performance targets have been achieved experimentally in demonstrations of sorbent materials15-17. Our tools can inform design trade-offs for atmospheric water harvesting devices that maximize global impact, alongside ongoing efforts to meet Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) with existing technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jackson Lord
- X, The Moonshot Factory, Mountain View, CA, USA.
| | | | - Neil Treat
- X, The Moonshot Factory, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | - Robert Bain
- WHO/UNICEF Joint Monitoring Programme, Division of Data, Analytics, Planning and Monitoring, UNICEF, New York, NY, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Clare Lee
- X, The Moonshot Factory, Mountain View, CA, USA
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48
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Huang Z, Wei J, Wan Y, Li P, Yu J, Dong J, Wang S, Li S, Lee CS. Aligned Millineedle Arrays for Solar Power Seawater Desalination with Site-Specific Salt Formation. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2021; 17:e2101487. [PMID: 34151518 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202101487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2021] [Revised: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
As a sustainable and clean water production technology, solar thermal water evaporation has been extensively studied in the past few years. One challenge is that upon operation, salt would form on surface of the solar absorbers leading to inefficient water supply and light absorption and thus much reduced water vaporization rate. To address this problem, a simple solar evaporator based on an array of aligned millineedles for efficient solar water evaporation and controlled site-specific salt formation is demonstrated. The maximum solar evaporation rate achieved is 2.94 kg m-2 h-1 under one Sun irradiation in brine of high salinity (25 wt% NaCl), achieving energy conversion efficiency of 94.5% simultaneously. More importantly, the spontaneously site-specific salt formation on the tips of millineedles endows this solar evaporator with salt harvesting capacity. Rationally separating the clean water and salt from brine by condensation and gravity assistance, this tip-preferential crystallization solar evaporator is not affected by the salt clogging compared with conventional 2D solar evaporators. This study provides new insights on the design of solar evaporators and advances their applications in sustainable seawater desalination and wastewater management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongming Huang
- Center of Super-Diamond and Advanced Films (COSDAF) and Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, 999077, P. R. China
| | - Jinchao Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China
| | - Yingpeng Wan
- Center of Super-Diamond and Advanced Films (COSDAF) and Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, 999077, P. R. China
| | - Peng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China
| | - Jie Yu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Jiayi Dong
- Joint Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Applied Physics and Materials Engineering, University of Macau, Macau, China
| | - Shuangpeng Wang
- Joint Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Applied Physics and Materials Engineering, University of Macau, Macau, China
| | - Shengliang Li
- Center of Super-Diamond and Advanced Films (COSDAF) and Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, 999077, P. R. China
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Chun-Sing Lee
- Center of Super-Diamond and Advanced Films (COSDAF) and Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, 999077, P. R. China
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Yang K, Pan T, Lei Q, Dong X, Cheng Q, Han Y. A Roadmap to Sorption-Based Atmospheric Water Harvesting: From Molecular Sorption Mechanism to Sorbent Design and System Optimization. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2021; 55:6542-6560. [PMID: 33914502 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.1c00257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Sorption-based atmospheric water harvesting (SAWH), which uses sorbents to capture water vapor from the air and low-grade energy to produce fresh liquid water, has been recognized as a promising strategy for decentralized water supply in arid areas. This review aims to summarize the latest progress in this field and provide perspectives for the further development of SAWH, focusing on the design of sorbent materials and the optimization of the entire system. We first introduce the water sorption mechanisms on different sorbent materials. Next, we discuss the properties and performances of various sorbents developed for SAWH by categorizing them into specific groups: nanoporous solids, hygroscopic polymers, salt-based composites, and liquid sorbents; for each type of sorbent materials, we have analyzed its advantages and limitations, as well as design strategies. In addition, we discuss the influences of the mass and heat transport of the SAWH system on its overall performance in actual operations, and introduce different types of water harvesters developed for SAWH. In the last section, we outline the challenges in this field from fundamental research and practical application aspects, and describe roadmaps for the future development of this technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaijie Yang
- Advanced Membranes and Porous Materials (AMPM) Center, Physical Sciences and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Tingting Pan
- Advanced Membranes and Porous Materials (AMPM) Center, Physical Sciences and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Qiong Lei
- Advanced Membranes and Porous Materials (AMPM) Center, Physical Sciences and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Xinglong Dong
- Advanced Membranes and Porous Materials (AMPM) Center, Physical Sciences and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Qingpeng Cheng
- Advanced Membranes and Porous Materials (AMPM) Center, Physical Sciences and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yu Han
- Advanced Membranes and Porous Materials (AMPM) Center, Physical Sciences and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
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Wu M, Li R, Shi Y, Altunkaya M, Aleid S, Zhang C, Wang W, Wang P. Metal- and halide-free, solid-state polymeric water vapor sorbents for efficient water-sorption-driven cooling and atmospheric water harvesting. MATERIALS HORIZONS 2021; 8:1518-1527. [PMID: 34846460 DOI: 10.1039/d0mh02051f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Metal- and halide-free, solid-state water vapor sorbents are highly desirable for water-sorption-based applications, because most of the solid sorbents suffer from low water sorption capacity caused by their rigid porosity, while the liquid sorbents are limited by their fluidity and strong corrosivity, which is caused by the halide ions. Herein, we report a novel type of highly efficient and benign polymeric sorbent, which contains no metal or halide, and has an expandable solid state when wet. A group of sorbents are synthesized by polymerizing and crosslinking the metal-free quaternary ammonium monomers followed by an ion-exchange process to replace chloride anions with benign-anions, including acetate, oxalate, and citrate. They show significantly reduced corrosivity and improved water sorption capacity. Importantly, the water sorption capacity of the acetate paired hydrogel is among the best of the literature reported hygroscopic polymers in their pure form, even though the hydrogel is crosslinked. The hydrogel-based sorbents are further used for water-sorption-driven cooling and atmospheric water harvesting applications, which show improved coefficient of performance (COP) and high freshwater production rate, respectively. The results of this work would inspire more research interest in developing better water sorbents and potentially broaden the application horizon of water-sorption-based processes towards the water-energy nexus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengchun Wu
- Water Desalination and Reuse Center, Division of Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia.
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