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Oladejo M, Tijani AO, Puri A, Chablani L. Adjuvants in cutaneous vaccination: A comprehensive analysis. J Control Release 2024; 369:475-492. [PMID: 38569943 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2024.03.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
Skin is the body's largest organ and serves as a protective barrier from physical, thermal, and mechanical environmental challenges. Alongside, the skin hosts key immune system players, such as the professional antigen-presenting cells (APCs) like the Langerhans cells in the epidermis and circulating macrophages in the blood. Further, the literature supports that the APCs can be activated by antigen or vaccine delivery via multiple routes of administration through the skin. Once activated, the stimulated APCs drain to the associated lymph nodes and gain access to the lymphatic system. This further allows the APCs to engage with the adaptive immune system and activate cellular and humoral immune responses. Thus, vaccine delivery via skin offers advantages such as reliable antigen delivery, superior immunogenicity, and convenient delivery. Several preclinical and clinical studies have demonstrated the significance of vaccine delivery using various routes of administration via skin. However, such vaccines often employ adjuvant/(s), along with the antigen of interest. Adjuvants augment the immune response to a vaccine antigen and improve the therapeutic efficacy. Due to these reasons, adjuvants have been successfully used with infectious disease vaccines, cancer immunotherapy, and immune-mediated diseases. To capture these developments, this review will summarize preclinical and clinical study results of vaccine delivery via skin in the presence of adjuvants. A focused discussion regarding the FDA-approved adjuvants will address the experiences of using such adjuvant-containing vaccines. In addition, the challenges and regulatory concerns with these adjuvants will be discussed. Finally, the review will share the prospects of adjuvant-containing vaccines delivered via skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariam Oladejo
- Department of Immunotherapeutics and Biotechnology, Jerry H Hodge School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Abilene, TX 79601, USA
| | - Akeemat O Tijani
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Bill Gatton College of Pharmacy, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN, USA
| | - Ashana Puri
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Bill Gatton College of Pharmacy, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN, USA.
| | - Lipika Chablani
- Wegmans School of Pharmacy, St. John Fisher University, 3690 East Ave, Rochester, NY 14618, USA.
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2
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Kim E, Shin J, Ferrari A, Huang S, An E, Han D, Khan MS, Kenniston TW, Cassaniti I, Baldanti F, Jeong D, Gambotto A. Fourth dose of microneedle array patch of SARS-CoV-2 S1 protein subunit vaccine elicits robust long-lasting humoral responses in mice. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 129:111569. [PMID: 38340419 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.111569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has underscored the pressing need for safe and effective booster vaccines, particularly in considering the emergence of new SARS-CoV-2 variants and addressing vaccine distribution inequalities. Dissolving microneedle array patches (MAP) offer a promising delivery method, enhancing immunogenicity and improving accessibility through the skin's immune potential. In this study, we evaluated a microneedle array patch-based S1 subunit protein COVID-19 vaccine candidate, which comprised a bivalent formulation targeting the Wuhan and Beta variant alongside a monovalent Delta variant spike proteins in a murine model. Notably, the second boost of homologous bivalent MAP-S1(WU + Beta) induced a 15.7-fold increase in IgG endpoint titer, while the third boost of heterologous MAP-S1RS09Delta yielded a more modest 1.6-fold increase. Importantly, this study demonstrated that the administration of four doses of the MAP vaccine induced robust and long-lasting immune responses, persisting for at least 80 weeks. These immune responses encompassed various IgG isotypes and remained statistically significant for one year. Furthermore, neutralizing antibodies against multiple SARS-CoV-2 variants were generated, with comparable responses observed against the Omicron variant. Overall, these findings emphasize the potential of MAP-based vaccines as a promising strategy to combat the evolving landscape of COVID-19 and to deliver a safe and effective booster vaccine worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Kim
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Juyeop Shin
- Medical Business Division, Raphas Co., Ltd., Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Alessandro Ferrari
- Molecular Virology Unit, Microbiology and Virology Department, IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | - Shaohua Huang
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Eunjin An
- Medical Business Division, Raphas Co., Ltd., Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Donghoon Han
- Medical Business Division, Raphas Co., Ltd., Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Muhammad S Khan
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, University of Pittsburgh School of Public Health, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Thomas W Kenniston
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Irene Cassaniti
- Molecular Virology Unit, Microbiology and Virology Department, IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | - Fausto Baldanti
- Molecular Virology Unit, Microbiology and Virology Department, IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy; Department of Clinical, Surgical, Diagnostic and Pediatric Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Dohyeon Jeong
- Medical Business Division, Raphas Co., Ltd., Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Andrea Gambotto
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, University of Pittsburgh School of Public Health, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
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3
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Muñoz-Alía MÁ, Nace RA, Balakrishnan B, Zhang L, Packiriswamy N, Singh G, Warang P, Mena I, Narjari R, Vandergaast R, Peng KW, García-Sastre A, Schotsaert M, Russell SJ. Surface-modified measles vaccines encoding oligomeric, prefusion-stabilized SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoproteins boost neutralizing antibody responses to Omicron and historical variants, independent of measles seropositivity. mBio 2024; 15:e0292823. [PMID: 38193729 PMCID: PMC10865805 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.02928-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Serum titers of SARS-CoV-2-neutralizing antibodies (nAbs) correlate well with protection from symptomatic COVID-19 but decay rapidly in the months following vaccination or infection. In contrast, measles-protective nAb titers are lifelong after measles vaccination, possibly due to persistence of the live-attenuated virus in lymphoid tissues. We, therefore, sought to generate a live recombinant measles vaccine capable of driving high SARS-CoV-2 nAb responses. Since previous clinical testing of a live measles vaccine encoding a SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein resulted in suboptimal anti-spike antibody titers, our new vectors were designed to encode prefusion-stabilized SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoproteins, trimerized via an inserted peptide domain, and displayed on a dodecahedral miniferritin scaffold. Additionally, to circumvent the blunting of vaccine efficacy by preformed anti-measles antibodies, we extensively modified the measles surface glycoproteins. Comprehensive in vivo mouse testing demonstrated the potent induction of high titer nAbs in measles-immune mice and confirmed the significant contributions to overall potency afforded by prefusion stabilization, trimerization, and miniferritin display of the SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein. In animals primed and boosted with a measles virus (MeV) vaccine encoding the ancestral SARS-CoV-2 spike, high-titer nAb responses against ancestral virus strains were only weakly cross-reactive with the Omicron variant. However, in primed animals that were boosted with a MeV vaccine encoding the Omicron BA.1 spike, antibody titers to both ancestral and Omicron strains were robustly elevated, and the passive transfer of serum from these animals protected K18-ACE2 mice from infection and morbidity after exposure to BA.1 and WA1/2020 strains. Our results demonstrate that by engineering the antigen, we can develop potent measles-based vaccine candidates against SARS-CoV-2.IMPORTANCEAlthough the live-attenuated measles virus (MeV) is one of the safest and most efficacious human vaccines, a measles-vectored COVID-19 vaccine candidate expressing the SARS-CoV-2 spike failed to elicit neutralizing antibody (nAb) responses in a phase-1 clinical trial, especially in measles-immune individuals. Here, we constructed a comprehensive panel of MeV-based COVID-19 vaccine candidates using a MeV with extensive modifications on the envelope glycoproteins (MeV-MR). We show that artificial trimerization of the spike is critical for the induction of nAbs and that their magnitude can be significantly augmented when the spike protein is synchronously fused to a dodecahedral scaffold. Furthermore, preexisting measles immunity did not abolish heterologous immunity elicited by our vector. Our results highlight the importance of antigen optimization in the development of spike-based COVID-19 vaccines and therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Á. Muñoz-Alía
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
- Vyriad Inc, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Rebecca A. Nace
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | | | - Lianwen Zhang
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | | | - Gagandeep Singh
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
- Global Health and Emerging Pathogens Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Prajakta Warang
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
- Global Health and Emerging Pathogens Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Ignacio Mena
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
- Global Health and Emerging Pathogens Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | | | | | - Kah-Whye Peng
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
- Vyriad Inc, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
- Imanis Life Sciences, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Adolfo García-Sastre
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
- Global Health and Emerging Pathogens Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
- The Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
- Department of Pathology, Molecular and Cell-Based Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Michael Schotsaert
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
- Global Health and Emerging Pathogens Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Stephen J. Russell
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
- Vyriad Inc, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
- Imanis Life Sciences, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
- Division of Hematology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
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4
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McMillan CLD, Wijesundara DK, Choo JJY, Amarilla AA, Modhiran N, Fernando GJP, Khromykh AA, Watterson D, Young PR, Muller DA. Enhancement of cellular immunity following needle-free vaccination of mice with SARS-CoV-2 spike protein. J Gen Virol 2024; 105. [PMID: 38271027 DOI: 10.1099/jgv.0.001947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted the need for vaccines capable of providing rapid and robust protection. One way to improve vaccine efficacy is delivery via microarray patches, such as the Vaxxas high-density microarray patch (HD-MAP). We have previously demonstrated that delivery of a SARS-CoV-2 protein vaccine candidate, HexaPro, via the HD-MAP induces potent humoral immune responses. Here, we investigate the cellular responses induced by HexaPro HD-MAP vaccination. We found that delivery via the HD-MAP induces a type one biassed cellular response of much greater magnitude as compared to standard intramuscular immunization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher L D McMillan
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
- Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, Global Virus Network Centre of Excellence, Brisbane, Queensland 4072 and 4029, Australia
| | - Danushka K Wijesundara
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
- Vaxxas Biomedical Facility, Hamilton, Queensland 4007, Australia
| | - Jovin J Y Choo
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Alberto A Amarilla
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Naphak Modhiran
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Germain J P Fernando
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
- Vaxxas Biomedical Facility, Hamilton, Queensland 4007, Australia
| | - Alexander A Khromykh
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
- Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, Global Virus Network Centre of Excellence, Brisbane, Queensland 4072 and 4029, Australia
| | - Daniel Watterson
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
- Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, Global Virus Network Centre of Excellence, Brisbane, Queensland 4072 and 4029, Australia
| | - Paul R Young
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
- Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, Global Virus Network Centre of Excellence, Brisbane, Queensland 4072 and 4029, Australia
| | - David A Muller
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
- Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, Global Virus Network Centre of Excellence, Brisbane, Queensland 4072 and 4029, Australia
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5
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Wijesundara DK, Yeow A, McMillan CL, Choo JJ, Todorovic A, Mekonnen ZA, Masavuli MG, Young PR, Gowans EJ, Grubor-Bauk B, Muller DA. Superior efficacy of a skin-applied microprojection device for delivering a novel Zika DNA vaccine. MOLECULAR THERAPY. NUCLEIC ACIDS 2023; 34:102056. [PMID: 38028199 PMCID: PMC10630652 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2023.102056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV) infections are spreading silently with limited global surveillance in at least 89 countries and territories. There is a pressing need to develop an effective vaccine suitable for equitable distribution globally. Consequently, we previously developed a proprietary DNA vaccine encoding secreted non-structural protein 1 of ZIKV (pVAX-tpaNS1) to elicit rapid protection in a T cell-dependent manner in mice. In the current study, we evaluated the stability, efficacy, and immunogenicity of delivering this DNA vaccine into the skin using a clinically effective and proprietary high-density microarray patch (HD-MAP). Dry-coating of pVAX-tpaNS1 on the HD-MAP device resulted in no loss of vaccine stability at 40°C storage over the course of 28 days. Vaccination of mice (BALB/c) with the HD-MAP-coated pVAX-tpaNS1 elicited a robust anti-NS1 IgG response in both the cervicovaginal mucosa and systemically and afforded protection against live ZIKV challenge. Furthermore, the vaccination elicited a significantly higher magnitude and broader NS1-specific T helper and cytotoxic T cell response in vivo compared with traditional needle and syringe intradermal vaccination. Overall, the study highlights distinctive immunological advantages coupled with an excellent thermostability profile of using the HD-MAP device to deliver a novel ZIKV DNA vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danushka K. Wijesundara
- Vaxxas Biomedical Facility, Hamilton, QLD 4007, Australia
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Arthur Yeow
- Discipline of Surgery, The University of Adelaide, Basil Hetzel Institute for Translational Health Research, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
| | - Christopher L.D. McMillan
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Jovin J.Y. Choo
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Aleksandra Todorovic
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Zelalem A. Mekonnen
- Discipline of Surgery, The University of Adelaide, Basil Hetzel Institute for Translational Health Research, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
| | - Makutiro G. Masavuli
- Discipline of Surgery, The University of Adelaide, Basil Hetzel Institute for Translational Health Research, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
| | - Paul R. Young
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Eric J. Gowans
- Discipline of Surgery, The University of Adelaide, Basil Hetzel Institute for Translational Health Research, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
| | - Branka Grubor-Bauk
- Discipline of Surgery, The University of Adelaide, Basil Hetzel Institute for Translational Health Research, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
| | - David A. Muller
- Vaxxas Biomedical Facility, Hamilton, QLD 4007, Australia
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
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6
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Tong MZW, Sng JDJ, Carney M, Cooper L, Brown S, Lineburg KE, Chew KY, Collins N, Ignacio K, Airey M, Burr L, Joyce BA, Jayasinghe D, McMillan CLD, Muller DA, Adhikari A, Gallo LA, Dorey ES, Barrett HL, Gras S, Smith C, Good‐Jacobson K, Short KR. Elevated BMI reduces the humoral response to SARS-CoV-2 infection. Clin Transl Immunology 2023; 12:e1476. [PMID: 38050635 PMCID: PMC10693902 DOI: 10.1002/cti2.1476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2023] [Revised: 11/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Class III obesity (body mass index [BMI] ≥ 40 kg m-2) significantly impairs the immune response to SARS-CoV-2 vaccination. However, the effect of an elevated BMI (≥ 25 kg m-2) on humoral immunity to SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19 vaccination remains unclear. Methods We collected blood samples from people who recovered from SARS-CoV-2 infection approximately 3 and 13 months of post-infection (noting that these individuals were not exposed to SARS-CoV-2 or vaccinated in the interim). We also collected blood samples from people approximately 5 months of post-second dose COVID-19 vaccination (the majority of whom did not have a prior SARS-CoV-2 infection). We measured their humoral responses to SARS-CoV-2, grouping individuals based on a BMI greater or less than 25 kg m-2. Results Here, we show that an increased BMI (≥ 25 kg m-2), when accounting for age and sex differences, is associated with reduced antibody responses after SARS-CoV-2 infection. At 3 months of post-infection, an elevated BMI was associated with reduced antibody titres. At 13 months of post-infection, an elevated BMI was associated with reduced antibody avidity and a reduced percentage of spike-positive B cells. In contrast, no significant association was noted between a BMI ≥ 25 kg m-2 and humoral immunity to SARS-CoV-2 at 5 months of post-secondary vaccination. Conclusions Taken together, these data showed that elevated BMI is associated with an impaired humoral immune response to SARS-CoV-2 infection. The impairment of infection-induced immunity in individuals with a BMI ≥ 25 kg m-2 suggests an added impetus for vaccination rather than relying on infection-induced immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcus ZW Tong
- School of Chemistry and Molecular BiosciencesThe University of QueenslandSt LuciaQLDAustralia
| | - Julian DJ Sng
- School of Chemistry and Molecular BiosciencesThe University of QueenslandSt LuciaQLDAustralia
| | - Meagan Carney
- School of Mathematics and PhysicsThe University of QueenslandSt LuciaQLDAustralia
| | - Lucy Cooper
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyMonash UniversityClaytonVICAustralia
- Immunity Program, Biomedicine Discovery InstituteMonash UniversityClaytonVICAustralia
| | - Samuel Brown
- School of Chemistry and Molecular BiosciencesThe University of QueenslandSt LuciaQLDAustralia
| | - Katie E Lineburg
- QIMR Berghofer Centre for Immunotherapy and Vaccine Development and Translational and Human Immunology Laboratory, Infection and Inflammation ProgramQIMR Berghofer Medical Research InstituteHerstonQLDAustralia
| | - Keng Yih Chew
- School of Chemistry and Molecular BiosciencesThe University of QueenslandSt LuciaQLDAustralia
| | - Neve Collins
- School of Chemistry and Molecular BiosciencesThe University of QueenslandSt LuciaQLDAustralia
| | - Kirsten Ignacio
- School of Chemistry and Molecular BiosciencesThe University of QueenslandSt LuciaQLDAustralia
| | - Megan Airey
- School of Chemistry and Molecular BiosciencesThe University of QueenslandSt LuciaQLDAustralia
| | - Lucy Burr
- QIMR Berghofer Centre for Immunotherapy and Vaccine Development and Translational and Human Immunology Laboratory, Infection and Inflammation ProgramQIMR Berghofer Medical Research InstituteHerstonQLDAustralia
- Department of Respiratory MedicineMater HealthBrisbaneQLDAustralia
| | - Briony A Joyce
- School of Chemistry and Molecular BiosciencesThe University of QueenslandSt LuciaQLDAustralia
| | - Dhilshan Jayasinghe
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyMonash UniversityClaytonVICAustralia
- Department of Biochemistry and ChemistryLa Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe UniversityBundooraVICAustralia
| | - Christopher LD McMillan
- School of Chemistry and Molecular BiosciencesThe University of QueenslandSt LuciaQLDAustralia
- Australian Infectious Diseases Research CentreThe University of QueenslandSt LuciaQLDAustralia
| | - David A Muller
- School of Chemistry and Molecular BiosciencesThe University of QueenslandSt LuciaQLDAustralia
- Australian Infectious Diseases Research CentreThe University of QueenslandSt LuciaQLDAustralia
| | - Anurag Adhikari
- Department of Biochemistry and ChemistryLa Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe UniversityBundooraVICAustralia
| | - Linda A Gallo
- School of HealthUniversity of the Sunshine CoastPetrieQLDAustralia
| | - Emily S Dorey
- Mater ResearchThe University of QueenslandSouth BrisbaneQLDAustralia
| | - Helen L Barrett
- Mater ResearchThe University of QueenslandSouth BrisbaneQLDAustralia
- University of New South Wales MedicineKensingtonNSWAustralia
- Obstetric MedicineRoyal Hospital for WomenRandwickNSWAustralia
| | - Stephanie Gras
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyMonash UniversityClaytonVICAustralia
- Department of Biochemistry and ChemistryLa Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe UniversityBundooraVICAustralia
| | - Corey Smith
- QIMR Berghofer Centre for Immunotherapy and Vaccine Development and Translational and Human Immunology Laboratory, Infection and Inflammation ProgramQIMR Berghofer Medical Research InstituteHerstonQLDAustralia
| | - Kim Good‐Jacobson
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyMonash UniversityClaytonVICAustralia
- Immunity Program, Biomedicine Discovery InstituteMonash UniversityClaytonVICAustralia
| | - Kirsty R Short
- School of Chemistry and Molecular BiosciencesThe University of QueenslandSt LuciaQLDAustralia
- Australian Infectious Diseases Research CentreThe University of QueenslandSt LuciaQLDAustralia
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7
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Feng YX, Hu H, Wong YY, Yao X, He ML. Microneedles: An Emerging Vaccine Delivery Tool and a Prospective Solution to the Challenges of SARS-CoV-2 Mass Vaccination. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15051349. [PMID: 37242591 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15051349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 04/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Vaccination is an effective measure to prevent infectious diseases. Protective immunity is induced when the immune system is exposed to a vaccine formulation with appropriate immunogenicity. However, traditional injection vaccination is always accompanied by fear and severe pain. As an emerging vaccine delivery tool, microneedles overcome the problems associated with routine needle vaccination, which can effectively deliver vaccines rich in antigen-presenting cells (APCs) to the epidermis and dermis painlessly, inducing a strong immune response. In addition, microneedles have the advantages of avoiding cold chain storage and have the flexibility of self-operation, which can solve the logistics and delivery obstacles of vaccines, covering the vaccination of the special population more easily and conveniently. Examples include people in rural areas with restricted vaccine storage facilities and medical professionals, elderly and disabled people with limited mobility, infants and young children afraid of pain. Currently, in the late stage of fighting against COVID-19, the main task is to increase the coverage of vaccines, especially for special populations. To address this challenge, microneedle-based vaccines have great potential to increase global vaccination rates and save many lives. This review describes the current progress of microneedles as a vaccine delivery system and its prospects in achieving mass vaccination against SARS-CoV-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Xiu Feng
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Jockey Club College of Veterinary Medicine and Life Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Huan Hu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Jockey Club College of Veterinary Medicine and Life Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Yu-Yuen Wong
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Jockey Club College of Veterinary Medicine and Life Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Xi Yao
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Jockey Club College of Veterinary Medicine and Life Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Ming-Liang He
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Jockey Club College of Veterinary Medicine and Life Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- CityU Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen 518071, China
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8
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Sarker S, Colton A, Wen Z, Xu X, Erdi M, Jones A, Kofinas P, Tubaldi E, Walczak P, Janowski M, Liang Y, Sochol RD. 3D-Printed Microinjection Needle Arrays via a Hybrid DLP-Direct Laser Writing Strategy. ADVANCED MATERIALS TECHNOLOGIES 2023; 8:2201641. [PMID: 37064271 PMCID: PMC10104452 DOI: 10.1002/admt.202201641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Microinjection protocols are ubiquitous throughout biomedical fields, with hollow microneedle arrays (MNAs) offering distinctive benefits in both research and clinical settings. Unfortunately, manufacturing-associated barriers remain a critical impediment to emerging applications that demand high-density arrays of hollow, high-aspect-ratio microneedles. To address such challenges, here, a hybrid additive manufacturing approach that combines digital light processing (DLP) 3D printing with "ex situ direct laser writing (esDLW)" is presented to enable new classes of MNAs for fluidic microinjections. Experimental results for esDLW-based 3D printing of arrays of high-aspect-ratio microneedles-with 30 μm inner diameters, 50 μm outer diameters, and 550 μm heights, and arrayed with 100 μm needle-to-needle spacing-directly onto DLP-printed capillaries reveal uncompromised fluidic integrity at the MNA-capillary interface during microfluidic cyclic burst-pressure testing for input pressures in excess of 250 kPa (n = 100 cycles). Ex vivo experiments perform using excised mouse brains reveal that the MNAs not only physically withstand penetration into and retraction from brain tissue but also yield effective and distributed microinjection of surrogate fluids and nanoparticle suspensions directly into the brains. In combination, the results suggest that the presented strategy for fabricating high-aspect-ratio, high-density, hollow MNAs could hold unique promise for biomedical microinjection applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunandita Sarker
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA; Maryland Robotics Center, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA; Institute for Systems Research, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Adira Colton
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA; Maryland Robotics Center, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA; Institute for Systems Research, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Ziteng Wen
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Xin Xu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Metecan Erdi
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Anthony Jones
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA; Maryland Robotics Center, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA; Institute for Systems Research, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Peter Kofinas
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Eleonora Tubaldi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA; Maryland Robotics Center, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA; Institute for Systems Research, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Piotr Walczak
- Program in Image Guided Neurointerventions, Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Miroslaw Janowski
- Program in Image Guided Neurointerventions, Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Yajie Liang
- Program in Image Guided Neurointerventions, Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Ryan D Sochol
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA; Maryland Robotics Center, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA; Institute for Systems Research, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA; Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA; Robert E. Fischell Institute for Biomedical Devices, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
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9
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Employing T-Cell Memory to Effectively Target SARS-CoV-2. Pathogens 2023; 12:pathogens12020301. [PMID: 36839573 PMCID: PMC9967959 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12020301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Revised: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Well-trained T-cell immunity is needed for early viral containment, especially with the help of an ideal vaccine. Although most severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)-infected convalescent cases have recovered with the generation of virus-specific memory T cells, some cases have encountered T-cell abnormalities. The emergence of several mutant strains has even threatened the effectiveness of the T-cell immunity that was established with the first-generation vaccines. Currently, the development of next-generation vaccines involves trying several approaches to educate T-cell memory to trigger a broad and fast response that targets several viral proteins. As the shaping of T-cell immunity in its fast and efficient form becomes important, this review discusses several interesting vaccine approaches to effectively employ T-cell memory for efficient viral containment. In addition, some essential facts and future possible consequences of using current vaccines are also highlighted.
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10
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Choo JJY, McMillan CLD, Young PR, Muller DA. Microarray patches: scratching the surface of vaccine delivery. Expert Rev Vaccines 2023; 22:937-955. [PMID: 37846657 DOI: 10.1080/14760584.2023.2270598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Microneedles are emerging as a promising technology for vaccine delivery, with numerous advantages over traditional needle and syringe methods. Preclinical studies have demonstrated the effectiveness of MAPs in inducing robust immune responses over traditional needle and syringe methods, with extensive studies using vaccines targeted against different pathogens in various animal models. Critically, the clinical trials have demonstrated safety, immunogenicity, and patient acceptance for MAP-based vaccines against influenza, measles, rubella, and SARS-CoV-2. AREAS COVERED This review provides a comprehensive overview of the different types of microarray patches (MAPs) and analyses of their applications in preclinical and clinical vaccine delivery settings. This review also covers additional considerations for microneedle-based vaccination, including adjuvants that are compatible with MAPs, patient safety and factors for global vaccination campaigns. EXPERT OPINION MAP vaccine delivery can potentially be a game-changer for vaccine distribution and coverage in both high-income and low- and middle-income countries. For MAPs to reach this full potential, many critical hurdles must be overcome, such as large-scale production, regulatory compliance, and adoption by global health authorities. However, given the considerable strides made in recent years by MAP developers, it may be possible to see the first MAP-based vaccines in use within the next 5 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jovin J Y Choo
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Christopher L D McMillan
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Paul R Young
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - David A Muller
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
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11
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Morgan MS, Yan K, Le TT, Johnston RA, Amarilla AA, Muller DA, McMillan CLD, Modhiran N, Watterson D, Potter JR, Sng JD, Lor M, Paramitha D, Isaacs A, Khromykh AA, Hall RA, Suhrbier A, Rawle DJ, Hobson-Peters J. Monoclonal Antibodies Specific for SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein Suitable for Multiple Applications for Current Variants of Concern. Viruses 2022; 15:139. [PMID: 36680179 PMCID: PMC9863740 DOI: 10.3390/v15010139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The global coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has spawned an ongoing demand for new research reagents and interventions. Herein we describe a panel of monoclonal antibodies raised against SARS-CoV-2. One antibody showed excellent utility for immunohistochemistry, clearly staining infected cells in formalin-fixed and paraffin embedded lungs and brains of mice infected with the original and the omicron variants of SARS-CoV-2. We demonstrate the reactivity to multiple variants of concern using ELISAs and describe the use of the antibodies in indirect immunofluorescence assays, Western blots, and rapid antigen tests. Finally, we illustrate the ability of two antibodies to reduce significantly viral tissue titers in K18-hACE2 transgenic mice infected with the original and an omicron isolate of SARS-CoV-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahali S. Morgan
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Kexin Yan
- Inflammation Biology, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, QLD 4006, Australia
| | - Thuy T. Le
- Inflammation Biology, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, QLD 4006, Australia
| | - Ryan A. Johnston
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Alberto A. Amarilla
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - David A. Muller
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
- Global Virus Network Centre of Excellence, Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, Brisbane, QLD 4072 and 4029, Australia
| | - Christopher L. D. McMillan
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
- Global Virus Network Centre of Excellence, Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, Brisbane, QLD 4072 and 4029, Australia
| | - Naphak Modhiran
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Daniel Watterson
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - James R. Potter
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Julian D.J. Sng
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Mary Lor
- Inflammation Biology, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, QLD 4006, Australia
| | - Devina Paramitha
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Ariel Isaacs
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Alexander A. Khromykh
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
- Global Virus Network Centre of Excellence, Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, Brisbane, QLD 4072 and 4029, Australia
| | - Roy A. Hall
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
- Global Virus Network Centre of Excellence, Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, Brisbane, QLD 4072 and 4029, Australia
| | - Andreas Suhrbier
- Inflammation Biology, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, QLD 4006, Australia
- Global Virus Network Centre of Excellence, Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, Brisbane, QLD 4072 and 4029, Australia
| | - Daniel J. Rawle
- Inflammation Biology, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, QLD 4006, Australia
| | - Jody Hobson-Peters
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
- Global Virus Network Centre of Excellence, Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, Brisbane, QLD 4072 and 4029, Australia
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12
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Skin Vaccination with Ebola Virus Glycoprotein Using a Polyphosphazene-Based Microneedle Patch Protects Mice against Lethal Challenge. J Funct Biomater 2022; 14:jfb14010016. [PMID: 36662063 PMCID: PMC9860647 DOI: 10.3390/jfb14010016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Ebolavirus (EBOV) infection in humans is a severe and often fatal disease, which demands effective interventional strategies for its prevention and treatment. The available vaccines, which are authorized under exceptional circumstances, use viral vector platforms and have serious disadvantages, such as difficulties in adapting to new virus variants, reliance on cold chain supply networks, and administration by hypodermic injection. Microneedle (MN) patches, which are made of an array of micron-scale, solid needles that painlessly penetrate into the upper layers of the skin and dissolve to deliver vaccines intradermally, simplify vaccination and can thereby increase vaccine access, especially in resource-constrained or emergency settings. The present study describes a novel MN technology, which combines EBOV glycoprotein (GP) antigen with a polyphosphazene-based immunoadjuvant and vaccine delivery system (poly[di(carboxylatophenoxy)phosphazene], PCPP). The protein-stabilizing effect of PCPP in the microfabrication process enabled preparation of a dissolvable EBOV GP MN patch vaccine with superior antigenicity compared to a non-polyphosphazene polymer-based analog. Intradermal immunization of mice with polyphosphazene-based MN patches induced strong, long-lasting antibody responses against EBOV GP, which was comparable to intramuscular injection. Moreover, mice vaccinated with the MN patches were completely protected against a lethal challenge using mouse-adapted EBOV and had no histologic lesions associated with ebolavirus disease.
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13
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Muñoz-Alía MÁ, Nace RA, Balakrishnan B, Zhang L, Packiriswamy N, Singh G, Warang P, Mena I, Narjari R, Vandergaast R, García-Sastre A, Schotsaert M, Russell SJ. Surface-modified measles vaccines encoding oligomeric, fusion-stabilized SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoproteins bypass measles seropositivity, boosting neutralizing antibody responses to omicron and historical variants. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2022:2022.12.16.520799. [PMID: 36561187 PMCID: PMC9774211 DOI: 10.1101/2022.12.16.520799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/11/2023]
Abstract
Serum titers of SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibodies (nAb) correlate well with protection from symptomatic COVID-19, but decay rapidly in the months following vaccination or infection. In contrast, measles-protective nAb titers are life-long after measles vaccination, possibly due to persistence of the live-attenuated virus in lymphoid tissues. We therefore sought to generate a live recombinant measles vaccine capable of driving high SARS-CoV-2 nAb responses. Since previous clinical testing of a live measles vaccine encoding a SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein resulted in suboptimal anti-spike antibody titers, our new vectors were designed to encode prefusion-stabilized SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoproteins, trimerized via an inserted peptide domain and displayed on a dodecahedral miniferritin scaffold. Additionally, to circumvent the blunting of vaccine efficacy by preformed anti-measles antibodies, we extensively modified the measles surface glycoproteins. Comprehensive in vivo mouse testing demonstrated potent induction of high titer nAb in measles-immune mice and confirmed the significant incremental contributions to overall potency afforded by prefusion stabilization, trimerization, and miniferritin-display of the SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein, and vaccine resurfacing. In animals primed and boosted with a MeV vaccine encoding the ancestral SARS-CoV-2 spike, high titer nAb responses against ancestral virus strains were only weakly cross-reactive with the omicron variant. However, in primed animals that were boosted with a MeV vaccine encoding the omicron BA.1 spike, antibody titers to both ancestral and omicron strains were robustly elevated and the passive transfer of serum from these animals protected K18-ACE2 mice from infection and morbidity after exposure to BA.1 and WA1/2020 strains. Our results demonstrate that antigen engineering can enable the development of potent measles-based SARS-CoV-2 vaccine candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Á. Muñoz-Alía
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
- Vyriad Inc, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Rebecca A. Nace
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | | | - Lianwen Zhang
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | | | - Gagandeep Singh
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Global Health and Emerging Pathogens Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Prajakta Warang
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Global Health and Emerging Pathogens Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ignacio Mena
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Global Health and Emerging Pathogens Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | | | | | - Adolfo García-Sastre
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Global Health and Emerging Pathogens Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- The Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Pathology, Molecular and Cell-Based Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Michael Schotsaert
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Global Health and Emerging Pathogens Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Stephen J. Russell
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
- Vyriad Inc, Rochester, MN, USA
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Imanis Life Sciences, Rochester, MN, USA
- Division of Hematology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
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14
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Forster A, Junger M. Opportunities and challenges for commercializing microarray patches for vaccination from a MAP developer's perspective. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2022; 18:2050123. [PMID: 35356872 PMCID: PMC9196745 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2022.2050123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Continued advances in microarray patch (MAP) technology are starting to make needle-free delivery of a broad range of vaccines an achievable goal. The drivers and potential benefits of a MAP platform for pandemic response and routine vaccination are clear and include dose-sparing, cold-chain elimination, increased safety, and potential self-administration. MAP technology is regarded as a priority innovation to overcome vaccination barriers, ensure equitable access, and improve the effectiveness of vaccines. Vaxxas, a global leader in this technology, has built a strong evidence-base for the commercial application of their high-density (HD) MAP platform, and is rapidly advancing scale-up of the manufacturing process for HD-MAPs. A greater awareness and understanding of the implications of the technology amongst supply-chain participants, regulatory authorities, and global healthcare organizations and foundations is needed to accelerate adoption and, particularly, to prepare for MAP use in pandemics. Key challenges remain in the commercialization of MAP technology and its adoption, including market acceptance, scale-up of production, regulatory approval, and the availability of capital to build advanced manufacturing infrastructure ahead of late-stage clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angus Forster
- Research & Development, Vaxxas Pty Ltd., Brisbane, Australia
| | - Michael Junger
- Research & Development, Vaxxas Pty Ltd., Brisbane, Australia
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15
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Tran KTM, Gavitt TD, Le TT, Graichen A, Lin F, Liu Y, Tulman ER, Szczepanek SM, Nguyen TD. A Single-Administration Microneedle Skin Patch for Multi-Burst Release of Vaccine against SARS-CoV-2. ADVANCED MATERIALS TECHNOLOGIES 2022; 8:2200905. [PMID: 36714215 PMCID: PMC9874724 DOI: 10.1002/admt.202200905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2022] [Revised: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The necessity for multiple injections and cold-chain storage has contributed to suboptimal vaccine utilization, especially in pandemic situations. Thermally-stable and single-administration vaccines hold a great potential to revolutionize the global immunization process. Here, a new approach to thermally stabilize protein-based antigens is presented and a new high-throughput antigen-loading process is devised to create a single-administration, pulsatile-release microneedle (MN) patch which can deliver a recombinant SARS-CoV-2 S1-RBD protein-a model for the COVID-19 vaccine. Nearly 100% of the protein antigen could be stabilized at temperatures up to 100 °C for at least 1 h and at an average human body temperature (37 °C) for up to 4 months. Arrays of the stabilized S1-RBD formulations can be loaded into the MN shells via a single-alignment assembly step. The fabricated MNs are administered at a single time into the skin of rats and induce antibody response which could neutralize authentic SARS-CoV-2 viruses, providing similar immunogenic effect to that induced by multiple bolus injections of the same antigen stored in conventional cold-chain conditions. The MN system presented herein could offer the key solution to global immunization campaigns by avoiding low patient compliance, the requirement for cold-chain storage, and the need for multiple booster injections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khanh T. M. Tran
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringUniversity of Connecticut181 Auditorium RoadStorrs06269USA
| | - Tyler D. Gavitt
- Department of Pathobiology and Veterinary ScienceCenter of Excellence for Vaccine ResearchUniversity of Connecticut61 North Eagleville RoadStorrs06269USA
| | - Thinh T. Le
- Department of Mechanical EngineeringUniversity of Connecticut191 Auditorium RoadStorrs06269USA
| | - Adam Graichen
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Connecticut55 North Eagleville RoadStorrs06269USA
| | - Feng Lin
- Department of Mechanical EngineeringUniversity of Connecticut191 Auditorium RoadStorrs06269USA
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Mechanical EngineeringUniversity of Connecticut191 Auditorium RoadStorrs06269USA
| | - Edan R. Tulman
- Department of Pathobiology and Veterinary ScienceCenter of Excellence for Vaccine ResearchUniversity of Connecticut61 North Eagleville RoadStorrs06269USA
| | - Steven M. Szczepanek
- Department of Pathobiology and Veterinary ScienceCenter of Excellence for Vaccine ResearchUniversity of Connecticut61 North Eagleville RoadStorrs06269USA
| | - Thanh D. Nguyen
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringUniversity of Connecticut181 Auditorium RoadStorrs06269USA
- Department of Mechanical EngineeringUniversity of Connecticut191 Auditorium RoadStorrs06269USA
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16
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Balmert SC, Ghozloujeh ZG, Carey CD, Williams LH, Zhang J, Shahi P, Amer M, Sumpter TL, Erdos G, Korkmaz E, Falo LD. A microarray patch SARS-CoV-2 vaccine induces sustained antibody responses and polyfunctional cellular immunity. iScience 2022; 25:105045. [PMID: 36062075 PMCID: PMC9425707 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.105045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2021] [Revised: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Sustainable global immunization campaigns against COVID-19 and other emerging infectious diseases require effective, broadly deployable vaccines. Here, we report a dissolvable microarray patch (MAP) SARS-CoV-2 vaccine that targets the immunoresponsive skin microenvironment, enabling efficacious needle-free immunization. Multicomponent MAPs delivering both SARS-CoV-2 S1 subunit antigen and the TLR3 agonist Poly(I:C) induce robust antibody and cellular immune responses systemically and in the respiratory mucosa. MAP vaccine-induced antibodies bind S1 and the SARS-CoV-2 receptor-binding domain, efficiently neutralize the virus, and persist at high levels for more than a year. The MAP platform reduces systemic toxicity of the delivered adjuvant and maintains vaccine stability without refrigeration. When applied to human skin, MAP vaccines activate skin-derived migratory antigen-presenting cells, supporting the feasibility of human translation. Ultimately, this shelf-stable MAP vaccine improves immunogenicity and safety compared to traditional intramuscular vaccines and offers an attractive alternative for global immunization efforts against a range of infectious pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen C. Balmert
- Department of Dermatology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | | | - Cara Donahue Carey
- Department of Dermatology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Li’an H. Williams
- Department of Dermatology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Jiying Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Preeti Shahi
- Department of Dermatology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Maher Amer
- Department of Dermatology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Tina L. Sumpter
- Department of Dermatology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Geza Erdos
- Department of Dermatology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Emrullah Korkmaz
- Department of Dermatology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh Swanson School of Engineering, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Louis D. Falo
- Department of Dermatology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh Swanson School of Engineering, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15232, USA
- Clinical and Translational Science Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
- The McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA
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17
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Liu M, Li Y. Advances in COVID-19 Vaccines and New Coronavirus Variants. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:888631. [PMID: 35872788 PMCID: PMC9305707 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.888631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
With the successful development of the Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccines and increased vaccination coverage, great progress in global outbreak control has been made in several countries. However, new coronavirus variants emerge and their rapid spread, causing a new wave of economic and social upheaval worldwide. The spread of new coronavirus variants poses a new and enormous challenge to vaccination and pandemic control, so further studies to explore and develop vaccines for the prevention and control virus infection are warranted. In this review, we provide an overview of the most prevalent variants including Omicron, and explore the effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccines against related variants to better understand existing vaccines and to facilitate improved research into new vaccines. In addition, this review discusses existing strategies to increase vaccine efficacy and introduces novel vaccines by the non-injection route.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengchen Liu
- Department of Geriatrics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yunqiao Li
- Department of Geriatrics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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18
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McMillan CLD, Amarilla AA, Modhiran N, Choo JJY, Azuar A, Honeyman KE, Khromykh AA, Young PR, Watterson D, Muller DA. Skin-patch delivered subunit vaccine induces broadly neutralising antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern. Vaccine 2022; 40:4929-4932. [PMID: 35871873 PMCID: PMC9291373 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2022.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Revised: 07/10/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The ongoing SARS-CoV-2 pandemic continues to pose an enormous health challenge globally. The ongoing emergence of variants of concern has resulted in decreased vaccine efficacy necessitating booster immunizations. This was particularly highlighted by the recent emergence of the Omicron variant, which contains over 30 mutations in the spike protein and quickly became the dominant viral strain in global circulation. We previously demonstrated that delivery of a SARS-CoV-2 subunit vaccine via a high-density microarray patch (HD-MAP) induced potent immunity resulting in robust protection from SARS-CoV-2 challenge in mice. Here we show that serum from HD-MAP immunized animals maintained potent neutralisation against all variants tested, including Delta and Omicron. These findings highlight the advantages of HD-MAP vaccine delivery in inducing high levels of neutralising antibodies and demonstrates its potential at providing protection from emerging viral variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher L D McMillan
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia
| | - Alberto A Amarilla
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia
| | - Naphak Modhiran
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia
| | - Jovin J Y Choo
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia
| | - Armira Azuar
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia
| | - Kate E Honeyman
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia
| | - Alexander A Khromykh
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia
| | - Paul R Young
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia; Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, Global Virus Network Centre of Excellence, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Daniel Watterson
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia; Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, Global Virus Network Centre of Excellence, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - David A Muller
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia; Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, Global Virus Network Centre of Excellence, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
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19
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Lamerton RE, Marcial-Juarez E, Faustini SE, Perez-Toledo M, Goodall M, Jossi SE, Newby ML, Chapple I, Dietrich T, Veenith T, Shields AM, Harper L, Henderson IR, Rayes J, Wraith DC, Watson SP, Crispin M, Drayson MT, Richter AG, Cunningham AF. SARS-CoV-2 Spike- and Nucleoprotein-Specific Antibodies Induced After Vaccination or Infection Promote Classical Complement Activation. Front Immunol 2022; 13:838780. [PMID: 35860286 PMCID: PMC9289266 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.838780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Antibodies specific for the spike glycoprotein (S) and nucleocapsid (N) SARS-CoV-2 proteins are typically present during severe COVID-19, and induced to S after vaccination. The binding of viral antigens by antibody can initiate the classical complement pathway. Since complement could play pathological or protective roles at distinct times during SARS-CoV-2 infection we determined levels of antibody-dependent complement activation along the complement cascade. Here, we used an ELISA assay to assess complement protein binding (C1q) and the deposition of C4b, C3b, and C5b to S and N antigens in the presence of antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 from different test groups: non-infected, single and double vaccinees, non-hospitalised convalescent (NHC) COVID-19 patients and convalescent hospitalised (ITU-CONV) COVID-19 patients. C1q binding correlates strongly with antibody responses, especially IgG1 levels. However, detection of downstream complement components, C4b, C3b and C5b shows some variability associated with the subject group from whom the sera were obtained. In the ITU-CONV, detection of C3b-C5b to S was observed consistently, but this was not the case in the NHC group. This is in contrast to responses to N, where median levels of complement deposition did not differ between the NHC and ITU-CONV groups. Moreover, for S but not N, downstream complement components were only detected in sera with higher IgG1 levels. Therefore, the classical pathway is activated by antibodies to multiple SARS-CoV-2 antigens, but the downstream effects of this activation may differ depending the disease status of the subject and on the specific antigen targeted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel E. Lamerton
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Edith Marcial-Juarez
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Sian E. Faustini
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Marisol Perez-Toledo
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Margaret Goodall
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Siân E. Jossi
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Maddy L. Newby
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Iain Chapple
- Periodontal Research Group, School of Dentistry, Institute of Clinical Sciences, University of Birmingham, and Birmingham Community Healthcare National Health Service Trust, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Thomas Dietrich
- Periodontal Research Group, School of Dentistry, Institute of Clinical Sciences, University of Birmingham, and Birmingham Community Healthcare National Health Service Trust, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Tonny Veenith
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, University Hospitals Birmingham National Health Service (NHS) Trust, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Adrian M. Shields
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Lorraine Harper
- Institute of Applied Health Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Ian R. Henderson
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Julie Rayes
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - David C. Wraith
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Steve P. Watson
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Max Crispin
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Mark T. Drayson
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Alex G. Richter
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Adam F. Cunningham
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
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20
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Isaacs A, Amarilla AA, Aguado J, Modhiran N, Albornoz EA, Baradar AA, McMillan CLD, Choo JJY, Idris A, Supramaniam A, McMillan NAJ, Muller DA, Young PR, Woodruff TM, Wolvetang EJ, Chappell KJ, Watterson D. Nucleocapsid Specific Diagnostics for the Detection of Divergent SARS-CoV-2 Variants. Front Immunol 2022; 13:926262. [PMID: 35757714 PMCID: PMC9226548 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.926262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Since the start of the COVID-19 pandemic, multiple waves of SARS-CoV-2 variants have emerged. Of particular concern is the omicron variant, which harbors 28 mutations in the spike glycoprotein receptor binding and N-terminal domains relative to the ancestral strain. The high mutability of SARS-CoV-2 therefore poses significant hurdles for development of universal assays that rely on spike-specific immune detection. To address this, more conserved viral antigens need to be targeted. In this work, we comprehensively demonstrate the use of nucleocapsid (N)-specific detection across several assays using previously described nanobodies C2 and E2. We show that these nanobodies are highly sensitive and can detect divergent SARS-CoV-2 ancestral, delta and omicron variants across several assays. By comparison, spike-specific antibodies S309 and CR3022 only disparately detect SARS-CoV-2 variant targets. As such, we conclude that N-specific detection could provide a standardized universal target for detection of current and emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariel Isaacs
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Alberto A Amarilla
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Julio Aguado
- Australian Institute for Biotechnology and Nanotechnology, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Naphak Modhiran
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Eduardo A Albornoz
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Alireza A Baradar
- Australian Institute for Biotechnology and Nanotechnology, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Christopher L D McMillan
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Jovin J Y Choo
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Adi Idris
- Menzies Health Institute Queensland, School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia
| | - Aroon Supramaniam
- Menzies Health Institute Queensland, School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia
| | - Nigel A J McMillan
- Menzies Health Institute Queensland, School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia
| | - David A Muller
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD, Australia.,Australian Infectious Disease Research Centre, University of Queensland, Saint Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Paul R Young
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD, Australia.,Australian Infectious Disease Research Centre, University of Queensland, Saint Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Trent M Woodruff
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Ernst J Wolvetang
- Australian Institute for Biotechnology and Nanotechnology, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Keith J Chappell
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD, Australia.,Australian Institute for Biotechnology and Nanotechnology, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD, Australia.,Australian Infectious Disease Research Centre, University of Queensland, Saint Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Daniel Watterson
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD, Australia.,Australian Institute for Biotechnology and Nanotechnology, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD, Australia.,Australian Infectious Disease Research Centre, University of Queensland, Saint Lucia, QLD, Australia
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21
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de Oliveira CF, Neto WFF, da Silva CP, Ribeiro ACS, Martins LC, de Sousa AW, Freitas MNO, Chiang JO, Silva FA, dos Santos EB, Medeiros DBA, Pinheiro GS, Brandão GF, Carvalho VL, Azevedo RSS, Vasconcelos PFC, Costa IB, Costa IB, dos Santos MC, Soares LS, Bedran RLS, Ferreira JL, Amarilla AA, Modhiran N, McMillan CLD, Freney ME, Muller DA, Watterson D, Casseb LMN, Henriques DF. Absence of Anti-RBD Antibodies in SARS-CoV-2 Infected or Naive Individuals Prior to Vaccination with CoronaVac Leads to Short Protection of Only Four Months Duration. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:vaccines10050690. [PMID: 35632447 PMCID: PMC9147084 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10050690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Revised: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic is the biggest public health threat facing the world today. Multiple vaccines have been approved; however, the emergence of viral variants such as the recent Omicron raises the possibility of booster doses to achieve adequate protection. In Brazil, the CoronaVac (Sinovac, Beijing, China) vaccine was used; however, it is important to assess the immune response to this vaccine over time. This study aimed to monitor the anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody responses in those immunized with CoronaVac and SARS-CoV-2 infected individuals. Samples were collected between August 2020 and August 2021. Within the vaccinated cohort, some individuals had a history of infection by SARS-CoV-2 prior to immunization, while others did not. We analyzed RBD-specific and neutralizing-antibodies. Anti-RBD antibodies were detected in both cohorts, with a peak between 45–90 days post infection or vaccination, followed by a steady decline over time. In those with a previous history of COVID-19, a higher, longer, more persistent response was observed. This trend was mirrored in the neutralization assays, where infection, followed by immunization, resulted in higher, longer lasting responses which were conditioned on the presence of levels of RBD antibodies right before the vaccination. This supports the necessity of booster doses of CoronaVac in due course to prevent serious disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camille F. de Oliveira
- Department of Arbovirology and Hemorrhagic Fevers, Evandro Chagas Institute, Ananindeua 67030-000, PA, Brazil; (C.F.d.O.); (W.F.F.N.); (C.P.d.S.); (A.C.S.R.); (L.C.M.); (A.W.d.S.); (M.N.O.F.); (J.O.C.); (F.A.S.); (E.B.d.S.); (D.B.A.M.); (G.S.P.); (G.F.B.); (V.L.C.); (R.S.S.A.); (L.M.N.C.)
| | - Walter F. F. Neto
- Department of Arbovirology and Hemorrhagic Fevers, Evandro Chagas Institute, Ananindeua 67030-000, PA, Brazil; (C.F.d.O.); (W.F.F.N.); (C.P.d.S.); (A.C.S.R.); (L.C.M.); (A.W.d.S.); (M.N.O.F.); (J.O.C.); (F.A.S.); (E.B.d.S.); (D.B.A.M.); (G.S.P.); (G.F.B.); (V.L.C.); (R.S.S.A.); (L.M.N.C.)
| | - Carla P. da Silva
- Department of Arbovirology and Hemorrhagic Fevers, Evandro Chagas Institute, Ananindeua 67030-000, PA, Brazil; (C.F.d.O.); (W.F.F.N.); (C.P.d.S.); (A.C.S.R.); (L.C.M.); (A.W.d.S.); (M.N.O.F.); (J.O.C.); (F.A.S.); (E.B.d.S.); (D.B.A.M.); (G.S.P.); (G.F.B.); (V.L.C.); (R.S.S.A.); (L.M.N.C.)
| | - Ana Claudia S. Ribeiro
- Department of Arbovirology and Hemorrhagic Fevers, Evandro Chagas Institute, Ananindeua 67030-000, PA, Brazil; (C.F.d.O.); (W.F.F.N.); (C.P.d.S.); (A.C.S.R.); (L.C.M.); (A.W.d.S.); (M.N.O.F.); (J.O.C.); (F.A.S.); (E.B.d.S.); (D.B.A.M.); (G.S.P.); (G.F.B.); (V.L.C.); (R.S.S.A.); (L.M.N.C.)
| | - Lívia C. Martins
- Department of Arbovirology and Hemorrhagic Fevers, Evandro Chagas Institute, Ananindeua 67030-000, PA, Brazil; (C.F.d.O.); (W.F.F.N.); (C.P.d.S.); (A.C.S.R.); (L.C.M.); (A.W.d.S.); (M.N.O.F.); (J.O.C.); (F.A.S.); (E.B.d.S.); (D.B.A.M.); (G.S.P.); (G.F.B.); (V.L.C.); (R.S.S.A.); (L.M.N.C.)
| | - Alana W. de Sousa
- Department of Arbovirology and Hemorrhagic Fevers, Evandro Chagas Institute, Ananindeua 67030-000, PA, Brazil; (C.F.d.O.); (W.F.F.N.); (C.P.d.S.); (A.C.S.R.); (L.C.M.); (A.W.d.S.); (M.N.O.F.); (J.O.C.); (F.A.S.); (E.B.d.S.); (D.B.A.M.); (G.S.P.); (G.F.B.); (V.L.C.); (R.S.S.A.); (L.M.N.C.)
| | - Maria N. O. Freitas
- Department of Arbovirology and Hemorrhagic Fevers, Evandro Chagas Institute, Ananindeua 67030-000, PA, Brazil; (C.F.d.O.); (W.F.F.N.); (C.P.d.S.); (A.C.S.R.); (L.C.M.); (A.W.d.S.); (M.N.O.F.); (J.O.C.); (F.A.S.); (E.B.d.S.); (D.B.A.M.); (G.S.P.); (G.F.B.); (V.L.C.); (R.S.S.A.); (L.M.N.C.)
| | - Jannifer O. Chiang
- Department of Arbovirology and Hemorrhagic Fevers, Evandro Chagas Institute, Ananindeua 67030-000, PA, Brazil; (C.F.d.O.); (W.F.F.N.); (C.P.d.S.); (A.C.S.R.); (L.C.M.); (A.W.d.S.); (M.N.O.F.); (J.O.C.); (F.A.S.); (E.B.d.S.); (D.B.A.M.); (G.S.P.); (G.F.B.); (V.L.C.); (R.S.S.A.); (L.M.N.C.)
| | - Franko A. Silva
- Department of Arbovirology and Hemorrhagic Fevers, Evandro Chagas Institute, Ananindeua 67030-000, PA, Brazil; (C.F.d.O.); (W.F.F.N.); (C.P.d.S.); (A.C.S.R.); (L.C.M.); (A.W.d.S.); (M.N.O.F.); (J.O.C.); (F.A.S.); (E.B.d.S.); (D.B.A.M.); (G.S.P.); (G.F.B.); (V.L.C.); (R.S.S.A.); (L.M.N.C.)
| | - Eder B. dos Santos
- Department of Arbovirology and Hemorrhagic Fevers, Evandro Chagas Institute, Ananindeua 67030-000, PA, Brazil; (C.F.d.O.); (W.F.F.N.); (C.P.d.S.); (A.C.S.R.); (L.C.M.); (A.W.d.S.); (M.N.O.F.); (J.O.C.); (F.A.S.); (E.B.d.S.); (D.B.A.M.); (G.S.P.); (G.F.B.); (V.L.C.); (R.S.S.A.); (L.M.N.C.)
| | - Daniele B. A. Medeiros
- Department of Arbovirology and Hemorrhagic Fevers, Evandro Chagas Institute, Ananindeua 67030-000, PA, Brazil; (C.F.d.O.); (W.F.F.N.); (C.P.d.S.); (A.C.S.R.); (L.C.M.); (A.W.d.S.); (M.N.O.F.); (J.O.C.); (F.A.S.); (E.B.d.S.); (D.B.A.M.); (G.S.P.); (G.F.B.); (V.L.C.); (R.S.S.A.); (L.M.N.C.)
| | - Gleiciane S. Pinheiro
- Department of Arbovirology and Hemorrhagic Fevers, Evandro Chagas Institute, Ananindeua 67030-000, PA, Brazil; (C.F.d.O.); (W.F.F.N.); (C.P.d.S.); (A.C.S.R.); (L.C.M.); (A.W.d.S.); (M.N.O.F.); (J.O.C.); (F.A.S.); (E.B.d.S.); (D.B.A.M.); (G.S.P.); (G.F.B.); (V.L.C.); (R.S.S.A.); (L.M.N.C.)
| | - Gleiciane F. Brandão
- Department of Arbovirology and Hemorrhagic Fevers, Evandro Chagas Institute, Ananindeua 67030-000, PA, Brazil; (C.F.d.O.); (W.F.F.N.); (C.P.d.S.); (A.C.S.R.); (L.C.M.); (A.W.d.S.); (M.N.O.F.); (J.O.C.); (F.A.S.); (E.B.d.S.); (D.B.A.M.); (G.S.P.); (G.F.B.); (V.L.C.); (R.S.S.A.); (L.M.N.C.)
| | - Valéria L. Carvalho
- Department of Arbovirology and Hemorrhagic Fevers, Evandro Chagas Institute, Ananindeua 67030-000, PA, Brazil; (C.F.d.O.); (W.F.F.N.); (C.P.d.S.); (A.C.S.R.); (L.C.M.); (A.W.d.S.); (M.N.O.F.); (J.O.C.); (F.A.S.); (E.B.d.S.); (D.B.A.M.); (G.S.P.); (G.F.B.); (V.L.C.); (R.S.S.A.); (L.M.N.C.)
| | - Raimunda S. S. Azevedo
- Department of Arbovirology and Hemorrhagic Fevers, Evandro Chagas Institute, Ananindeua 67030-000, PA, Brazil; (C.F.d.O.); (W.F.F.N.); (C.P.d.S.); (A.C.S.R.); (L.C.M.); (A.W.d.S.); (M.N.O.F.); (J.O.C.); (F.A.S.); (E.B.d.S.); (D.B.A.M.); (G.S.P.); (G.F.B.); (V.L.C.); (R.S.S.A.); (L.M.N.C.)
| | - Pedro F. C. Vasconcelos
- Department of Biological and Health Sciences, University of Pará State, Belém 66087-670, PA, Brazil;
| | - Igor B. Costa
- Department of Virology, Evandro Chagas Institute, Ananindeua 67030-000, PA, Brazil; (I.B.C.); (I.B.C.); (M.C.d.S.); (L.S.S.); (R.L.S.B.); (J.L.F.)
| | - Iran B. Costa
- Department of Virology, Evandro Chagas Institute, Ananindeua 67030-000, PA, Brazil; (I.B.C.); (I.B.C.); (M.C.d.S.); (L.S.S.); (R.L.S.B.); (J.L.F.)
| | - Mirleide C. dos Santos
- Department of Virology, Evandro Chagas Institute, Ananindeua 67030-000, PA, Brazil; (I.B.C.); (I.B.C.); (M.C.d.S.); (L.S.S.); (R.L.S.B.); (J.L.F.)
| | - Luana S. Soares
- Department of Virology, Evandro Chagas Institute, Ananindeua 67030-000, PA, Brazil; (I.B.C.); (I.B.C.); (M.C.d.S.); (L.S.S.); (R.L.S.B.); (J.L.F.)
| | - Rayssa L. S. Bedran
- Department of Virology, Evandro Chagas Institute, Ananindeua 67030-000, PA, Brazil; (I.B.C.); (I.B.C.); (M.C.d.S.); (L.S.S.); (R.L.S.B.); (J.L.F.)
| | - James L. Ferreira
- Department of Virology, Evandro Chagas Institute, Ananindeua 67030-000, PA, Brazil; (I.B.C.); (I.B.C.); (M.C.d.S.); (L.S.S.); (R.L.S.B.); (J.L.F.)
| | - Alberto A. Amarilla
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia; (A.A.A.); (N.M.); (C.L.D.M.); (M.E.F.); (D.A.M.); (D.W.)
| | - Naphak Modhiran
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia; (A.A.A.); (N.M.); (C.L.D.M.); (M.E.F.); (D.A.M.); (D.W.)
| | - Christopher L. D. McMillan
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia; (A.A.A.); (N.M.); (C.L.D.M.); (M.E.F.); (D.A.M.); (D.W.)
| | - Morgan E. Freney
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia; (A.A.A.); (N.M.); (C.L.D.M.); (M.E.F.); (D.A.M.); (D.W.)
| | - David A. Muller
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia; (A.A.A.); (N.M.); (C.L.D.M.); (M.E.F.); (D.A.M.); (D.W.)
- Australian Infectious Disease Research Centre, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Daniel Watterson
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia; (A.A.A.); (N.M.); (C.L.D.M.); (M.E.F.); (D.A.M.); (D.W.)
- Australian Infectious Disease Research Centre, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
- The Australian Institute for Biotechnology and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Lívia M. N. Casseb
- Department of Arbovirology and Hemorrhagic Fevers, Evandro Chagas Institute, Ananindeua 67030-000, PA, Brazil; (C.F.d.O.); (W.F.F.N.); (C.P.d.S.); (A.C.S.R.); (L.C.M.); (A.W.d.S.); (M.N.O.F.); (J.O.C.); (F.A.S.); (E.B.d.S.); (D.B.A.M.); (G.S.P.); (G.F.B.); (V.L.C.); (R.S.S.A.); (L.M.N.C.)
| | - Daniele F. Henriques
- Department of Arbovirology and Hemorrhagic Fevers, Evandro Chagas Institute, Ananindeua 67030-000, PA, Brazil; (C.F.d.O.); (W.F.F.N.); (C.P.d.S.); (A.C.S.R.); (L.C.M.); (A.W.d.S.); (M.N.O.F.); (J.O.C.); (F.A.S.); (E.B.d.S.); (D.B.A.M.); (G.S.P.); (G.F.B.); (V.L.C.); (R.S.S.A.); (L.M.N.C.)
- Correspondence:
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22
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Local Response and Barrier Recovery in Elderly Skin Following the Application of High-Density Microarray Patches. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:vaccines10040583. [PMID: 35455332 PMCID: PMC9031416 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10040583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Revised: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The high-density microneedle array patch (HD-MAP) is a promising alternative vaccine delivery system device with broad application in disease, including SARS-CoV-2. Skin reactivity to HD-MAP applications has been extensively studied in young individuals, but not in the >65 years population, a risk group often requiring higher dose vaccines to produce protective immune responses. The primary aims of the present study were to characterise local inflammatory responses and barrier recovery to HD-MAPs in elderly skin. In twelve volunteers aged 69−84 years, HD-MAPs were applied to the forearm and deltoid regions. Measurements of transepidermal water loss (TEWL), dielectric permittivity and erythema were performed before and after HD-MAP application at t = 10 min, 30 min, 48 h, and 7 days. At all sites, TEWL (barrier damage), dielectric permittivity (superficial water);, and erythema measurements rapidly increased after HD-MAP application. After 7 days, the mean measures had recovered toward pre-application values. The fact that the degree and chronology of skin reactivity and recovery after HD-MAP was similar in elderly skin to that previously reported in younger adults suggests that the reactivity basis for physical immune enhancement observed in younger adults will also be achievable in the older population.
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23
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McMillan CLD, Azuar A, Choo JJY, Modhiran N, Amarilla AA, Isaacs A, Honeyman KE, Cheung STM, Liang B, Wurm MJ, Pino P, Kint J, Fernando GJP, Landsberg MJ, Khromykh AA, Hobson-Peters J, Watterson D, Young PR, Muller DA. Dermal Delivery of a SARS-CoV-2 Subunit Vaccine Induces Immunogenicity against Variants of Concern. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:578. [PMID: 35455326 PMCID: PMC9030474 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10040578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2022] [Revised: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The ongoing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic continues to disrupt essential health services in 90 percent of countries today. The spike (S) protein found on the surface of the causative agent, the SARS-CoV-2 virus, has been the prime target for current vaccine research since antibodies directed against the S protein were found to neutralize the virus. However, as new variants emerge, mutations within the spike protein have given rise to potential immune evasion of the response generated by the current generation of SARS-CoV-2 vaccines. In this study, a modified, HexaPro S protein subunit vaccine, delivered using a needle-free high-density microarray patch (HD-MAP), was investigated for its immunogenicity and virus-neutralizing abilities. Mice given two doses of the vaccine candidate generated potent antibody responses capable of neutralizing the parental SARS-CoV-2 virus as well as the variants of concern, Alpha and Delta. These results demonstrate that this alternative vaccination strategy has the potential to mitigate the effect of emerging viral variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher L. D. McMillan
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia; (C.L.D.M.); (A.A.); (J.J.Y.C.); (N.M.); (A.A.A.); (A.I.); (K.E.H.); (S.T.M.C.); (B.L.); (G.J.P.F.); (M.J.L.); (A.A.K.); (J.H.-P.); (D.W.); (P.R.Y.)
| | - Armira Azuar
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia; (C.L.D.M.); (A.A.); (J.J.Y.C.); (N.M.); (A.A.A.); (A.I.); (K.E.H.); (S.T.M.C.); (B.L.); (G.J.P.F.); (M.J.L.); (A.A.K.); (J.H.-P.); (D.W.); (P.R.Y.)
| | - Jovin J. Y. Choo
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia; (C.L.D.M.); (A.A.); (J.J.Y.C.); (N.M.); (A.A.A.); (A.I.); (K.E.H.); (S.T.M.C.); (B.L.); (G.J.P.F.); (M.J.L.); (A.A.K.); (J.H.-P.); (D.W.); (P.R.Y.)
| | - Naphak Modhiran
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia; (C.L.D.M.); (A.A.); (J.J.Y.C.); (N.M.); (A.A.A.); (A.I.); (K.E.H.); (S.T.M.C.); (B.L.); (G.J.P.F.); (M.J.L.); (A.A.K.); (J.H.-P.); (D.W.); (P.R.Y.)
| | - Alberto A. Amarilla
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia; (C.L.D.M.); (A.A.); (J.J.Y.C.); (N.M.); (A.A.A.); (A.I.); (K.E.H.); (S.T.M.C.); (B.L.); (G.J.P.F.); (M.J.L.); (A.A.K.); (J.H.-P.); (D.W.); (P.R.Y.)
| | - Ariel Isaacs
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia; (C.L.D.M.); (A.A.); (J.J.Y.C.); (N.M.); (A.A.A.); (A.I.); (K.E.H.); (S.T.M.C.); (B.L.); (G.J.P.F.); (M.J.L.); (A.A.K.); (J.H.-P.); (D.W.); (P.R.Y.)
| | - Kate E. Honeyman
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia; (C.L.D.M.); (A.A.); (J.J.Y.C.); (N.M.); (A.A.A.); (A.I.); (K.E.H.); (S.T.M.C.); (B.L.); (G.J.P.F.); (M.J.L.); (A.A.K.); (J.H.-P.); (D.W.); (P.R.Y.)
| | - Stacey T. M. Cheung
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia; (C.L.D.M.); (A.A.); (J.J.Y.C.); (N.M.); (A.A.A.); (A.I.); (K.E.H.); (S.T.M.C.); (B.L.); (G.J.P.F.); (M.J.L.); (A.A.K.); (J.H.-P.); (D.W.); (P.R.Y.)
| | - Benjamin Liang
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia; (C.L.D.M.); (A.A.); (J.J.Y.C.); (N.M.); (A.A.A.); (A.I.); (K.E.H.); (S.T.M.C.); (B.L.); (G.J.P.F.); (M.J.L.); (A.A.K.); (J.H.-P.); (D.W.); (P.R.Y.)
| | - Maria J. Wurm
- ExcellGene SA, CH1870 Monthey, Switzerland; (M.J.W.); (P.P.); (J.K.)
| | - Paco Pino
- ExcellGene SA, CH1870 Monthey, Switzerland; (M.J.W.); (P.P.); (J.K.)
| | - Joeri Kint
- ExcellGene SA, CH1870 Monthey, Switzerland; (M.J.W.); (P.P.); (J.K.)
| | - Germain J. P. Fernando
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia; (C.L.D.M.); (A.A.); (J.J.Y.C.); (N.M.); (A.A.A.); (A.I.); (K.E.H.); (S.T.M.C.); (B.L.); (G.J.P.F.); (M.J.L.); (A.A.K.); (J.H.-P.); (D.W.); (P.R.Y.)
- Translational Research Institute, Vaxxas Pty Ltd., Brisbane, QLD 4102, Australia
| | - Michael J. Landsberg
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia; (C.L.D.M.); (A.A.); (J.J.Y.C.); (N.M.); (A.A.A.); (A.I.); (K.E.H.); (S.T.M.C.); (B.L.); (G.J.P.F.); (M.J.L.); (A.A.K.); (J.H.-P.); (D.W.); (P.R.Y.)
- Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, Global Virus Network Centre of Excellence, Brisbane, QLD 4072 and 4029, Australia
| | - Alexander A. Khromykh
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia; (C.L.D.M.); (A.A.); (J.J.Y.C.); (N.M.); (A.A.A.); (A.I.); (K.E.H.); (S.T.M.C.); (B.L.); (G.J.P.F.); (M.J.L.); (A.A.K.); (J.H.-P.); (D.W.); (P.R.Y.)
- Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, Global Virus Network Centre of Excellence, Brisbane, QLD 4072 and 4029, Australia
| | - Jody Hobson-Peters
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia; (C.L.D.M.); (A.A.); (J.J.Y.C.); (N.M.); (A.A.A.); (A.I.); (K.E.H.); (S.T.M.C.); (B.L.); (G.J.P.F.); (M.J.L.); (A.A.K.); (J.H.-P.); (D.W.); (P.R.Y.)
- Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, Global Virus Network Centre of Excellence, Brisbane, QLD 4072 and 4029, Australia
| | - Daniel Watterson
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia; (C.L.D.M.); (A.A.); (J.J.Y.C.); (N.M.); (A.A.A.); (A.I.); (K.E.H.); (S.T.M.C.); (B.L.); (G.J.P.F.); (M.J.L.); (A.A.K.); (J.H.-P.); (D.W.); (P.R.Y.)
- Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, Global Virus Network Centre of Excellence, Brisbane, QLD 4072 and 4029, Australia
| | - Paul R. Young
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia; (C.L.D.M.); (A.A.); (J.J.Y.C.); (N.M.); (A.A.A.); (A.I.); (K.E.H.); (S.T.M.C.); (B.L.); (G.J.P.F.); (M.J.L.); (A.A.K.); (J.H.-P.); (D.W.); (P.R.Y.)
- Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, Global Virus Network Centre of Excellence, Brisbane, QLD 4072 and 4029, Australia
| | - David A. Muller
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia; (C.L.D.M.); (A.A.); (J.J.Y.C.); (N.M.); (A.A.A.); (A.I.); (K.E.H.); (S.T.M.C.); (B.L.); (G.J.P.F.); (M.J.L.); (A.A.K.); (J.H.-P.); (D.W.); (P.R.Y.)
- Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, Global Virus Network Centre of Excellence, Brisbane, QLD 4072 and 4029, Australia
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Advances in purification of SARS-CoV-2 spike ectodomain protein using high-throughput screening and non-affinity methods. Sci Rep 2022; 12:4458. [PMID: 35292666 PMCID: PMC8923338 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-07485-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The spike (S) glycoprotein of the pandemic virus, SARS-CoV-2, is a critically important target of vaccine design and therapeutic development. A high-yield, scalable, cGMP-compliant downstream process for the stabilized, soluble, native-like S protein ectodomain is necessary to meet the extensive material requirements for ongoing research and development. As of June 2021, S proteins have exclusively been purified using difficult-to-scale, low-yield methodologies such as affinity and size-exclusion chromatography. Herein we present the first known non-affinity purification method for two S constructs, S_dF_2P and HexaPro, expressed in the mammalian cell line, CHO-DG44. A high-throughput resin screen on the Tecan Freedom EVO200 automated bioprocess workstation led to identification of ion exchange resins as viable purification steps. The chromatographic unit operations along with industry-standard methodologies for viral clearances, low pH treatment and 20 nm filtration, were assessed for feasibility. The developed process was applied to purify HexaPro from a CHO-DG44 stable pool harvest and yielded the highest yet reported amount of pure S protein. Our results demonstrate that commercially available chromatography resins are suitable for cGMP manufacturing of SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein constructs. We anticipate our results will provide a blueprint for worldwide biopharmaceutical production laboratories, as well as a starting point for process intensification.
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Intradermal administration of influenza vaccine with trehalose and pullulan-based dissolving microneedle arrays. J Pharm Sci 2022; 111:1070-1080. [PMID: 35122832 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2022.01.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Revised: 01/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Most influenza vaccines are administered via intramuscular injection which has several disadvantages that might jeopardize the compliance of vaccinees. Intradermal administration of dissolving-microneedle-arrays (dMNAs) could serve as minimal invasive alternative to needle injections. However, during the production process of dMNAs antigens are subjected to several stresses, which may reduce their potency. Moreover, the needles need to have sufficient mechanical strength to penetrate the skin and subsequently dissolve effectively to release the incorporated antigen. Here, we investigated whether blends of trehalose and pullulan are suitable for the production of stable dMNA fulfilling these criteria. Our results demonstrate that production of trehalose/pullulan-based dMNAs rendered microneedles that were sharp and stiff enough to pierce into ex vivo human skin and subsequently dissolve within 15 min. The mechanical properties of the dMNAs were maintained well even after four weeks of storage at temperatures up to 37°C. In addition, immunization of mice with influenza antigens via both freshly prepared dMNAs and dMNAs after storage (four weeks at 4°C or 37°C) resulted in antibody titers of similar magnitude as found in intramuscularly injected mice and partially protected mice from influenza virus infection. Altogether, our results demonstrate the potential of trehalose/pullulan-based dMNAs as alternative dosage form for influenza vaccination.
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Developing a Stabilizing Formulation of a Live Chimeric Dengue Virus Vaccine Dry Coated on a High-Density Microarray Patch. Vaccines (Basel) 2021; 9:vaccines9111301. [PMID: 34835234 PMCID: PMC8625757 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines9111301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Revised: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Alternative delivery systems such as the high-density microarray patch (HD-MAP) are being widely explored due to the variety of benefits they offer over traditional vaccine delivery methods. As vaccines are dry coated onto the HD-MAP, there is a need to ensure the stability of the vaccine in a solid state upon dry down. Other challenges faced are the structural stability during storage as a dried vaccine and during reconstitution upon application into the skin. Using a novel live chimeric virus vaccine candidate, BinJ/DENV2-prME, we explored a panel of pharmaceutical excipients to mitigate vaccine loss during the drying and storage process. This screening identified human serum albumin (HSA) as the lead stabilizing excipient. When bDENV2-coated HD-MAPs were stored at 4 °C for a month, we found complete retention of vaccine potency as assessed by the generation of potent virus-neutralizing antibody responses in mice. We also demonstrated that HD-MAP wear time did not influence vaccine deposition into the skin or the corresponding immunological outcomes. The final candidate formulation with HSA maintained ~100% percentage recovery after 6 months of storage at 4 °C.
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