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Waligóra-Dziwak K, Dańczak-Pazdrowska A, Jenerowicz D. A Comprehensive Review of Biologics in Phase III and IV Clinical Trials for Atopic Dermatitis. J Clin Med 2024; 13:4001. [PMID: 39064040 PMCID: PMC11277805 DOI: 10.3390/jcm13144001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2024] [Revised: 06/30/2024] [Accepted: 07/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a skin condition characterized by significant challenges and a substantial deterioration in the life quality for affected patients. The therapeutic landscape for AD has witnessed a transformative shift with the emergence of biologic therapies. Our focus centers on biologics currently undergoing phase III and IV clinical trials, deeming them to hold the highest potential for significant clinical relevance. To identify biologic drugs under development in phase III and IV clinical trials, we searched ClinicalTrials.gov. Additional relevant trials were identified through JapicCTI/ Japan Registry of Clinical Trials (jRCT) with a citation search. A search in MEDLINE and EMBASE was performed. There have been 76 clinical trials identified concerning biologic drugs: dupilumab (34 trials), lebrikizumab (14 trials), tralokinumab (10 trials), rocatinlimab (7 trials), amlitelimab (2 trials), nemolizumab (6 trials), MG-K10 (1 trial), CM310 (1 trial), 611 (1 trial). A search in MEDLINE revealed 132 articles concerning phase III and IV clinical trials for AD treatment. A total of 39 articles concerned biologic drugs covering 23 clinical trials. A search in EMBASE revealed 268 relevant articles, allowing us to identify results of an additional six clinical trials. The safety and efficacy of these biologics are comprehensively addressed in this review. This comprehensive review aims to explore the current landscape of biologic therapies for AD, delving into the latest research findings, clinical trial outcomes, and the diverse mechanisms of action employed by these novel interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Waligóra-Dziwak
- Department of Dermatology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-355 Poznań, Poland; (A.D.-P.); (D.J.)
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Pan J, Yao WL, Liu LP, Wang BS, Chai WZ, Huang Z, Fan XP, He WH, Wang WH, Zhang WD. Moniezia benedeni infection increases IgE + cells in sheep (Ovis aries) small intestine. Vet Parasitol 2024; 328:110169. [PMID: 38520755 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2024.110169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 03/10/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024]
Abstract
The concentration of immunoglobulin (Ig) E is the lowest among serum Igs, but it can induces type I hypersensitivity and plays an important role in anti-parasitic infection. The present study aimed to explore the residence characteristics of IgE+ cells in the sheep small intestine and the impact of Moniezia benedeni infection on them. The recombinant plasmids pET-28a-IgE were constructed and induced and expressed in Escherichia coli. BL21 (DE3). The rabbit anti-sheep IgE polyclonal antibody was prepared using the obtained recombinant protein as antigen. Finally, the levels of IgE+ cells in the small intestine of healthy (Control group) and naturally M. benedeni-infected (Infected group) sheep were detected analyzed. The results showed that the rabbit anti-sheep IgE polyclonal antibody with good immunogenicity (titer = 1: 128000) could specifically bind to the heavy chain of natural sheep IgE. In the Control group, the IgE+ cells were mainly distributed in lamina propria of the small intestine, and the densities were significantly decreased from duodenum to ileum (P<0.05), with respective values of (4.28 cells / 104 μm2, 1.80 cells / 104 μm2, and 1.44 cells / 104 μm2 in duodenum, jejunum, and ileum. In the Infected group, IgE+ cells density were 6.26 cells / 104 μm2, 3.01 cells / 104 μm2, and 2.09 cells / 104 μm2 in duodenum, jejunum and ileum respectively, which were significantly higher in all segments compared to the Control group (P<0.05), increasing by 46.26%, 67.22% and 45.14%, respectively. In addition, compared with the Control group, the IgE protein levels were significantly increased in all intestinal segments of the Infected group (P<0.01), however, there was no significant differences among the different intestinal segments within the same group (P>0.05). The results demonstrated that M. benedeni infection could significantly increase the content of IgE and the distribution density of its secreting cells in sheep small intestine. The intestinal mucosal immune system of sheep presented obvious specificity against M. benedeni infection. This lays a good foundation for further exploring molecular mechanisms of the intestinal mucosal immune system monitoring and responding to M. benedeni infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Pan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730070, China
| | - Wan-Ling Yao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730070, China
| | - Li-Ping Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730070, China
| | - Bao-Shan Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730070, China
| | - Wen-Zhu Chai
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730070, China
| | - Zhen Huang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730070, China
| | - Xi-Ping Fan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730070, China
| | - Wan-Hong He
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730070, China
| | - Wen-Hui Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730070, China
| | - Wang-Dong Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730070, China.
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Mazzetto R, Miceli P, Tartaglia J, Ciolfi C, Sernicola A, Alaibac M. Role of IL-4 and IL-13 in Cutaneous T Cell Lymphoma. Life (Basel) 2024; 14:245. [PMID: 38398754 PMCID: PMC10889933 DOI: 10.3390/life14020245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Revised: 02/03/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The interleukins IL-4 and IL-13 are increasingly recognized contributors to the pathogenesis of cutaneous T cell lymphomas (CTCLs), and their role in disease-associated pruritus is accepted. The prevailing Th2 profile in advanced CTCL underscores the significance of understanding IL-4/IL-13 expression dynamics from the early stages of disease, as a shift from Th1 to Th2 may explain CTCL progression. Targeted agents blocking key cytokines of type 2 immunity are established therapeutics in atopic disorders and have a promising therapeutic potential in CTCL, given their involvement in cutaneous symptoms and their contribution to the pathogenesis of disease. IL-4, IL-13, and IL-31 are implicated in pruritus, offering therapeutic targets with dupilumab, tralokinumab, lebrikizumab, and nemolizumab. This review analyzes current knowledge on the IL-4/IL-13 axis in mycosis fungoides and Sezary syndrome, the most common types of CTCL, examining existing literature on the pathogenetic implications with a focus on investigational treatments. Clinical trials and case reports are required to shed light on novel uses of medications in various diseases, and ongoing research into the role of IL-4/IL-13 axis blockers in CTCL therapy might not only improve the management of disease-related pruritus but also provide in-depth insights on the pathophysiologic mechanisms of CTCL.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Alvise Sernicola
- Dermatology Unit, Department of Medicine (DIMED), University of Padua, 35121 Padova, Italy; (R.M.); (P.M.); (J.T.); (C.C.); (M.A.)
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Zervou MI, Tarlatzis BC, Grimbizis GF, Spandidos DA, Niewold TB, Goulielmos GN. Association of endometriosis with Sjögren's syndrome: Genetic insights (Review). Int J Mol Med 2024; 53:20. [PMID: 38186322 PMCID: PMC10781419 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2024.5344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Patients with a history of endometriosis have an increased risk of developing various autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, systemic lupus erythematosus, multiple sclerosis and celiac disease. There is a potential association between endometriosis and an increased susceptibility for Sjögren's syndrome (SS). SS is a common chronic, inflammatory, systemic, autoimmune, multifactorial disease of complex pathology, with genetic, epigenetic and environmental factors contributing to the development of this condition. It occurs in 0.5‑1% of the population, is characterized by the presence of ocular dryness, lymphocytic infiltrations and contributes to neurological, gastrointestinal, vascular and dermatological manifestations. Endometriosis is an inflammatory, estrogen‑dependent, multifactorial, heterogeneous gynecological disease, affecting ≤10% of reproductive‑age women. It is characterized by the occurrence of endometrial tissue outside the uterine cavity, mainly in the pelvic cavity, and is associated with pelvic pain, dysmenorrhea, deep dyspareunia and either subfertility or infertility. It is still unclear whether SS appears as a secondary response to endometriosis, or it is developed due to any potential shared mechanisms of these conditions. The aim of the present review was to explore further the biological basis only of the co‑occurrence of these disorders but not their association at clinical basis, focusing on the analysis of the partially shared genetic background between endometriosis and SS, and the clarification of the possible similarities in the underlying pathogenetic mechanisms and the relevant molecular pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria I. Zervou
- Section of Molecular Pathology and Human Genetics, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Crete, 71403 Heraklion, Greece
| | - Basil C. Tarlatzis
- First Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Grigoris F. Grimbizis
- Unit for Human Reproduction, First Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 'Papageorgiou' General Hospital, Aristotle University Medical School, 56403 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Demetrios A. Spandidos
- Laboratory of Clinical Virology, School of Medicine, University of Crete, 71403 Heraklion, Greece
| | - Timothy B. Niewold
- Barbara Volcker Center for Women and Rheumatic Disease, New York, NY 10021, USA
- Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - George N. Goulielmos
- Section of Molecular Pathology and Human Genetics, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Crete, 71403 Heraklion, Greece
- Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Heraklion, 71500 Heraklion, Greece
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Ilaria P, Nevena S, Ersilia T, Nicoletta B, Federica T, Di Fraia M, Agniezska D, Concetta P. Potential Indications of Dupilumab in Th-2 Inflammatory Disease. Rev Recent Clin Trials 2024; 19:53-61. [PMID: 38141197 DOI: 10.2174/0115748871263396231121060901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/25/2023]
Abstract
Dupilumab is a fully humanized IgG4 monoclonal antibody, inhibiting IL-4 and IL-13 signaling, which are the main cytokines involved in type 2 inflammatory diseases. Its introduction was a breakthrough in the treatment of moderate-to-severe atopic dermatitis, but it is also used in other inflammatory diseases, including asthma, eosinophilic esophagitis and chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyposis. Recent advances in the understanding of inflammatory pathways have revealed that Th2-type inflammation is involved in a wider range of diseases than previously thought. The aim of our review is to examine off-label therapeutic indications of dupilumab, including bullous dermatoses (pemphigus, bullous pemphigoid) and alopecia areata, and to investigate its potential applications in cancer patients on anti-PD1 therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Proietti Ilaria
- Unit of Dermatology, Department of Medical-Surgical Science and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, A. Fiorini Hospital, Terracina, Latina, Italy
| | - Skroza Nevena
- Unit of Dermatology, Department of Medical-Surgical Science and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, A. Fiorini Hospital, Terracina, Latina, Italy
| | - Tolino Ersilia
- Unit of Dermatology, Department of Medical-Surgical Science and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, A. Fiorini Hospital, Terracina, Latina, Italy
| | - Bernardini Nicoletta
- Unit of Dermatology, Department of Medical-Surgical Science and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, A. Fiorini Hospital, Terracina, Latina, Italy
| | - Trovato Federica
- Unit of Dermatology, Department of Medical-Surgical Science and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, A. Fiorini Hospital, Terracina, Latina, Italy
| | - Marco Di Fraia
- Unit of Dermatology, Department of Medical-Surgical Science and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, A. Fiorini Hospital, Terracina, Latina, Italy
| | - Dybala Agniezska
- Unit of Dermatology, Department of Medical-Surgical Science and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, A. Fiorini Hospital, Terracina, Latina, Italy
| | - Potenza Concetta
- Unit of Dermatology, Department of Medical-Surgical Science and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, A. Fiorini Hospital, Terracina, Latina, Italy
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Kobayashi K, Maeda T, Ayodeji M, Tu SC, Chen A, Rajtboriraks M, Hsu CH, Tu TW, Wang PC, Hanley PJ, Jonas RA, Ishibashi N. Dose Effect of Mesenchymal Stromal Cell Delivery Through Cardiopulmonary Bypass. Ann Thorac Surg 2023; 116:1337-1345. [PMID: 35952858 PMCID: PMC10009803 DOI: 10.1016/j.athoracsur.2022.07.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Revised: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neurologic impairments are a significant concern for survivors after pediatric cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). We have previously shown that mesenchymal stromal cell (MSC) delivery through CPB has the potential to mitigate the effects of CPB on neural stem/progenitor cells. This study assessed the dose effects of MSCs. METHODS Piglets (n = 20) were randomly assigned to 1 of 4 groups: control, CPB, or CPB followed by MSC administration with low and high doses (10 × 106 and 100 × 106 cells per kilogram). We assessed acute dose effect on cell distribution, multiorgan functions, systemic inflammation, microglia activation, and neural stem/progenitor cell activities. RESULTS By magnetic resonance imaging, approximately 10 times more MSCs were detected within the entire brain after high-dose delivery than after low-dose delivery. No adverse events affecting hemodynamics, various biomarkers, and neuroimaging were detected after high-dose MSC delivery. High-dose MSCs significantly increased circulating levels of interleukin 4 after CPB. Both MSC groups normalized microglia activation after CPB, demonstrating MSC-induced reduction in cerebral inflammation. There was a significant increase in neuroblasts in the subventricular zone in both treatment groups. The thickness of the most active neurogenic area within the subventricular zone was significantly increased after high-dose treatment compared with CPB and low-dose MSCs, suggesting dose-dependent effects on the neurogenic niche. CONCLUSIONS MSC delivery through CPB is feasible up to 100 × 106 cells per kilogram. MSC treatment during cardiac surgery has the potential to reduce systemic and cerebral inflammation and to modulate responses of an active neurogenic niche to CPB. Further investigation is necessary to assess the long-term effects and to develop a more complete dose-response curve.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kei Kobayashi
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC; Center for Neuroscience Research, Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC; Sheikh Zayed Institute for Pediatric Surgical Innovation, Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC
| | - Takuya Maeda
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC; Center for Neuroscience Research, Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC; Sheikh Zayed Institute for Pediatric Surgical Innovation, Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC
| | - Mobolanle Ayodeji
- Center for Neuroscience Research, Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC; Sheikh Zayed Institute for Pediatric Surgical Innovation, Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC
| | - Shao Ching Tu
- Center for Neuroscience Research, Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC; Sheikh Zayed Institute for Pediatric Surgical Innovation, Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC; Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri
| | - Alice Chen
- Center for Neuroscience Research, Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC; Sheikh Zayed Institute for Pediatric Surgical Innovation, Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC; George Washington University, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, George Washington University, Washington, DC
| | - May Rajtboriraks
- Center for Neuroscience Research, Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC; Sheikh Zayed Institute for Pediatric Surgical Innovation, Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC; Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Catholic University of America, Washington, DC
| | - Chao-Hsiung Hsu
- Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Department of Radiology, Howard University, Washington, DC
| | - Tsang-Wei Tu
- Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Department of Radiology, Howard University, Washington, DC; Department of Pediatrics, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC
| | - Paul C Wang
- Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Department of Radiology, Howard University, Washington, DC; Department of Electrical Engineering, Fu Jen Catholic University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Patrick J Hanley
- Department of Pediatrics, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC; Program for Cell Enhancement and Technologies for Immunotherapy, Division of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Center for Cancer and Immunology Research, Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC
| | - Richard A Jonas
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC; Center for Neuroscience Research, Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC; Sheikh Zayed Institute for Pediatric Surgical Innovation, Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC; Department of Pediatrics, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC
| | - Nobuyuki Ishibashi
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC; Center for Neuroscience Research, Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC; Sheikh Zayed Institute for Pediatric Surgical Innovation, Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC; Department of Pediatrics, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC; Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC.
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Nagase H, Takamoto M, Noben-Trauth N. Genetic deficiencies of both IL-4 receptor alpha chain and IL-10 trigger early onset of severe colitis in mice. Cell Immunol 2023; 393-394:104779. [PMID: 37935074 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2023.104779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023]
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel diseases are associated with dysregulated inflammatory immune responses in the gastrointestinal tract. We found that deficiencies of both IL-4 receptor alpha chain (IL-4Rα) and IL-10 in BALB/c mice (IL-4Rα × IL-10 KO mice) highly induced spontaneous rectal prolapse and diarrhea. These mice also exhibited severe colitis in their cecum and colon and marked elevation of serum proinflammatory cytokines including TNFα and IFNγ. These pathologies were transmittable with their cecal contents containing Helicobacter spp. Their mesenteric LN cells produced TNFα and IFNγ in response to soluble H. hepaticus antigens and high titers of H. hepaticus-specific serum IgG were also detected. These results suggested the important function of IL-4Rα signaling in controlling the intestinal inflammation and the susceptibility to intestinal microbes including H. hepaticus. Therefore, these IL-4Rα × IL-10 KO mice potentially provide the significant murine model for clarifying the causes and control of spontaneous colitis and intestinal inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hisashi Nagase
- Department of Parasitology, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan.
| | - Masaya Takamoto
- Department of Parasitology, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan
| | - Nancy Noben-Trauth
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Tropical Medicine, The George Washington University Medical Center, Washington, D.C., USA
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Orcutt-Jahns B, Emmel PC, Snyder EM, Taylor SD, Meyer AS. Multivalent, asymmetric IL-2-Fc fusions show enhanced selectivity for regulatory T cells. Sci Signal 2023; 16:eadg0699. [PMID: 37847758 PMCID: PMC10658882 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.adg0699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023]
Abstract
The cytokine interleukin-2 (IL-2) has the potential to treat autoimmune disease but is limited by its modest specificity toward immunosuppressive regulatory T (Treg) cells. IL-2 receptors consist of combinations of α, β, and γ chains of variable affinity and cell specificity. Engineering IL-2 to treat autoimmunity has primarily focused on retaining binding to the relatively Treg-selective, high-affinity receptor while reducing binding to the less selective, low-affinity receptor. However, we found that refining the designs to focus on targeting the high-affinity receptor through avidity effects is key to optimizing Treg selectivity. We profiled the dynamics and dose dependency of signaling responses in primary human immune cells induced by engineered fusions composed of either wild-type IL-2 or mutant forms with altered affinity, valency, and fusion to the antibody Fc region for stability. Treg selectivity and signaling response variations were explained by a model of multivalent binding and dimer-enhanced avidity-a combined measure of the strength, number, and conformation of interaction sites-from which we designed tetravalent IL-2-Fc fusions that had greater Treg selectivity in culture than do current designs. Biasing avidity toward IL2Rα with an asymmetrical multivalent design consisting of one α/β chain-binding and one α chain-binding mutant further enhanced Treg selectivity. Comparative analysis revealed that IL2Rα was the optimal cell surface target for Treg selectivity, indicating that avidity for IL2Rα may be the optimal route to producing IL-2 variants that selectively target Tregs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian Orcutt-Jahns
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Peter C. Emmel
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Eli M. Snyder
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Scott D. Taylor
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Aaron S. Meyer
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
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Li M, Wang M, Wen Y, Zhang H, Zhao G, Gao Q. Signaling pathways in macrophages: molecular mechanisms and therapeutic targets. MedComm (Beijing) 2023; 4:e349. [PMID: 37706196 PMCID: PMC10495745 DOI: 10.1002/mco2.349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Macrophages play diverse roles in development, homeostasis, and immunity. Accordingly, the dysfunction of macrophages is involved in the occurrence and progression of various diseases, such as coronavirus disease 2019 and atherosclerosis. The protective or pathogenic effect that macrophages exert in different conditions largely depends on their functional plasticity, which is regulated via signal transduction such as Janus kinase-signal transducer and activator of transcription, Wnt and Notch pathways, stimulated by environmental cues. Over the past few decades, the molecular mechanisms of signaling pathways in macrophages have been gradually elucidated, providing more alternative therapeutic targets for diseases treatment. Here, we provide an overview of the basic physiology of macrophages and expound the regulatory pathways within them. We also address the crucial role macrophages play in the pathogenesis of diseases, including autoimmune, neurodegenerative, metabolic, infectious diseases, and cancer, with a focus on advances in macrophage-targeted strategies exploring modulation of components and regulators of signaling pathways. Last, we discuss the challenges and possible solutions of macrophage-targeted therapy in clinical applications. We hope that this comprehensive review will provide directions for further research on therapeutic strategies targeting macrophage signaling pathways, which are promising to improve the efficacy of disease treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Li
- Department of Gynecological OncologyTongji HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
- National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and GynecologyCancer Biology Research Center (Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education)Tongji HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
| | - Mengjie Wang
- Department of Gynecological OncologyTongji HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
- National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and GynecologyCancer Biology Research Center (Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education)Tongji HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
| | - Yuanjia Wen
- Department of Gynecological OncologyTongji HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
- National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and GynecologyCancer Biology Research Center (Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education)Tongji HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
| | - Hongfei Zhang
- Department of Gynecological OncologyTongji HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
- National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and GynecologyCancer Biology Research Center (Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education)Tongji HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
| | - Guang‐Nian Zhao
- Department of Gynecological OncologyTongji HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
- National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and GynecologyCancer Biology Research Center (Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education)Tongji HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
| | - Qinglei Gao
- Department of Gynecological OncologyTongji HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
- National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and GynecologyCancer Biology Research Center (Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education)Tongji HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
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Xiong Q, Zhu J, Zhang Y, Deng H. CAR-NK cell therapy for glioblastoma: what to do next? Front Oncol 2023; 13:1192128. [PMID: 37404752 PMCID: PMC10315652 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1192128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma is a malignant tumor with the highest morbidity and mortality in the central nervous system. Conventional surgical resection combined with radiotherapy or chemotherapy has a high recurrence rate and poor prognosis. The 5-year survival rate of patients is less than 10%. In tumor immunotherapy, CAR-T cell therapy represented by chimeric antigen receptor-modified T cells has achieved great success in hematological tumors. However, the application of CAR-T cells in solid tumors such as glioblastoma still faces many challenges. CAR-NK cells are another potential adoptive cell therapy strategy after CAR-T cells. Compared with CAR-T cell therapy, CAR-NK cells have similar anti-tumor effects. CAR-NK cells can also avoid some deficiencies in CAR-T cell therapy, a research hotspot in tumor immunity. This article summarizes the preclinical research status of CAR-NK cells in glioblastoma and the problems and challenges faced by CAR-NK in glioblastoma.
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McFarlane A, Pohler E, Moraga I. Molecular and cellular factors determining the functional pleiotropy of cytokines. FEBS J 2023; 290:2525-2552. [PMID: 35246947 PMCID: PMC10952290 DOI: 10.1111/febs.16420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Revised: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Cytokines are soluble factors vital for mammalian physiology. Cytokines elicit highly pleiotropic activities, characterized by their ability to induce a wide spectrum of functional responses in a diverse range of cell subsets, which makes their study very challenging. Cytokines activate signalling via receptor dimerization/oligomerization, triggering activation of the JAK (Janus kinase)/STAT (signal transducer and activator of transcription) signalling pathway. Given the strong crosstalk and shared usage of key components of cytokine signalling pathways, a long-standing question in the field pertains to how functional diversity is achieved by cytokines. Here, we discuss how biophysical - for example, ligand-receptor binding affinity and topology - and cellular - for example, receptor, JAK and STAT protein levels, endosomal compartment - parameters contribute to the modulation and diversification of cytokine responses. We review how these parameters ultimately converge into a common mechanism to fine-tune cytokine signalling that involves the control of the number of Tyr residues phosphorylated in the receptor intracellular domain upon cytokine stimulation. This results in different kinetics of STAT activation, and induction of specific gene expression programs, ensuring the generation of functional diversity by cytokines using a limited set of signalling intermediaries. We describe how these first principles of cytokine signalling have been exploited using protein engineering to design cytokine variants with more specific and less toxic responses for immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison McFarlane
- Division of Cell Signalling and ImmunologySchool of Life SciencesUniversity of DundeeUK
| | - Elizabeth Pohler
- Division of Cell Signalling and ImmunologySchool of Life SciencesUniversity of DundeeUK
| | - Ignacio Moraga
- Division of Cell Signalling and ImmunologySchool of Life SciencesUniversity of DundeeUK
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Barker KH, Higham JP, Pattison LA, Chessell IP, Welsh F, Smith ESJ, Bulmer DC. Sensitization of colonic nociceptors by IL-13 is dependent on JAK and p38 MAPK activity. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2023; 324:G250-G261. [PMID: 36749569 PMCID: PMC10010921 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00280.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The effective management of visceral pain is a significant unmet clinical need for those affected by gastrointestinal diseases, such as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). The rational design of novel analgesics requires a greater understanding of the mediators and mechanisms underpinning visceral pain. Interleukin-13 (IL-13) production by immune cells residing in the gut is elevated in IBD, and IL-13 appears to be important in the development of experimental colitis. Furthermore, receptors for IL-13 are expressed by neurons innervating the colon, though it is not known whether IL-13 plays any role in visceral nociception per se. To resolve this, we used Ca2+ imaging of cultured sensory neurons and ex vivo electrophysiological recording from the lumbar splanchnic nerve innervating the distal colon. Ca2+ imaging revealed the stimulation of small-diameter, capsaicin-sensitive sensory neurons by IL-13, indicating that IL-13 likely stimulates nociceptors. IL-13-evoked Ca2+ signals were attenuated by inhibition of Janus (JAK) and p38 kinases. In the lumbar splanchnic nerve, IL-13 did not elevate baseline firing, nor sensitize the response to capsaicin application, but did enhance the response to distention of the colon. In line with Ca2+ imaging experiments, IL-13-mediated sensitization of the afferent response to colon distention was blocked by inhibition of either JAK or p38 kinase signaling. Together, these data highlight a potential role for IL-13 in visceral nociception and implicate JAK and p38 kinases in pronociceptive signaling downstream of IL-13.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katie H Barker
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - James P Higham
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Luke A Pattison
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Iain P Chessell
- Department of Neuroscience, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Fraser Welsh
- Department of Neuroscience, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Ewan St J Smith
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - David C Bulmer
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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Pelaia C, Benfante A, Busceti MT, Caiaffa MF, Campisi R, Carpagnano GE, Crimi N, D’Amato M, Foschino Barbaro MP, Maglio A, Minenna E, Nolasco S, Paglino G, Papia F, Pelaia G, Portacci A, Ricciardi L, Scichilone N, Scioscia G, Triggiani M, Valenti G, Vatrella A, Crimi C. Real-life effects of dupilumab in patients with severe type 2 asthma, according to atopic trait and presence of chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1121237. [PMID: 37063895 PMCID: PMC10098307 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1121237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BackgroundThe efficacy of dupilumab as biological treatment of severe asthma and chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) depends on its ability to inhibit the pathophysiologic mechanisms involved in type 2 inflammation.ObjectiveTo assess in a large sample of subjects with severe asthma, the therapeutic impact of dupilumab in real-life, with regard to positive or negative skin prick test (SPT) and CRSwNP presence or absence.MethodsClinical, functional, and laboratory parameters were measured at baseline and 24 weeks after the first dupilumab administration. Moreover, a comparative evaluation was carried out in relation to the presence or absence of SPT positivity and CRSwNP.ResultsAmong the 127 recruited patients with severe asthma, 90 had positive SPT, while 78 reported CRSwNP. Compared with the 6 months preceding the first dupilumab injection, asthma exacerbations decreased from 4.0 (2.0-5.0) to 0.0 (0.0-0.0) (p < 0.0001), as well as the daily prednisone intake fell from 12.50 mg (0.00-25.00) to 0.00 mg (0.00-0.00) (p < 0.0001). In the same period, asthma control test (ACT) score increased from 14 (10-18) to 22 (20-24) (p < 0.0001), and sino-nasal outcome test (SNOT-22) score dropped from 55.84 ± 20.32 to 19.76 ± 12.76 (p < 0.0001). Moreover, we observed relevant increases in forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) from the baseline value of 2.13 L (1.62-2.81) to 2.39 L (1.89-3.06) (p < 0.0001). Fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) values decreased from 27.0 ppb (18.0-37.5) to 13.0 ppb (5.0-20.0) (p < 0.0001). These improvements were quite similar in subgroups of patients characterized by SPT negativity or positivity, and CRSwNP absence or presence. No statistically significant correlations were detected between serum IgE levels, baseline blood eosinophils or FeNO levels and dupilumab-induced changes, with the exception of FEV1 increase, which was shown to be positively correlated with FeNO values (r = 0.3147; p < 0.01).ConclusionOur results consolidate the strategic position of dupilumab in its role as an excellent therapeutic option currently available within the context of modern biological treatments of severe asthma and CRSwNP, frequently driven by type 2 airway inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corrado Pelaia
- Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Graecia” of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
- *Correspondence: Corrado Pelaia,
| | - Alida Benfante
- Dipartimento di Promozione della Salute, Materno Infantile, Medicina Interna e Specialistica di Eccellenza (PROMISE), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Maria Teresa Busceti
- Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Graecia” of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | | | - Raffaele Campisi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | | | - Nunzio Crimi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Maria D’Amato
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, University “Federico II” of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | | | - Angelantonio Maglio
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, University of Salerno, Salerno, Italy
| | - Elena Minenna
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Santi Nolasco
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Paglino
- Allergology and Pulmonology Unit, Provincial Outpatient Center of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Francesco Papia
- Allergology and Pulmonology Unit, Provincial Outpatient Center of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Girolamo Pelaia
- Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Graecia” of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Andrea Portacci
- Department of Basic Medical Science, Neuroscience and Sense Organs, University “Aldo Moro”, Bari, Italy
| | - Luisa Ricciardi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Nicola Scichilone
- Dipartimento di Promozione della Salute, Materno Infantile, Medicina Interna e Specialistica di Eccellenza (PROMISE), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Giulia Scioscia
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Massimo Triggiani
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, University of Salerno, Salerno, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Valenti
- Allergology and Pulmonology Unit, Provincial Outpatient Center of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Alessandro Vatrella
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, University of Salerno, Salerno, Italy
| | - Claudia Crimi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
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14
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Xiong K, Deng J, Yue T, Hu W, Zeng X, Yang T, Xiao T. Berberine promotes M2 macrophage polarisation through the IL-4-STAT6 signalling pathway in ulcerative colitis treatment. Heliyon 2023; 9:e14176. [PMID: 36923882 PMCID: PMC10009548 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e14176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Revised: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim This study focusses on the anti-inflammatory and immune-modulatory roles of berberine (BBR) in ulcerative colitis (UC) treatment. Additionally, the underlying mechanisms of BBR were systematically explored. Methods A 3% (w/v) dextran sodium sulphate (DSS) solution was used for establishing the mice UC model. M2 macrophage polarisation was induced in RAW 264.7 cells using interleukin 4 (IL-4), whereas M1 macrophage polarisation was induced using lipopolysaccharide. Colon length, colon mucosa damage index (CMDI), and haematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining were used to evaluate colon damage induced by DSS. M1/M2 macrophages in the colon tissue were identified using immunofluorescence (IF) staining with CD86+ or CD163+. M1/M2 macrophages in the abdomen were examined using flow cytometry. An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was conducted to identify M1/M2 macrophage supernatant biomarkers in RAW 264.7 cells. Western blotting, immunohistochemical staining, and real-time PCR were performed to investigate the potential mechanisms of BBR for treating UC in vivo and in vitro. Results BBR was found to prolong colon length, ameliorate CMDI and alleviate the colon's pathological changes in UC mice. In DSS-induced UC mice, M1 macrophages predominated. BBR promoted M2 macrophages and suppressed M1 macrophages in the colon and abdomen of DSS-induced UC mice. Additionally, BBR significantly decreased M1-specific markers (IFN-γ and IL-1β) while increasing M2-specific markers (IL-10 and TGF-β) in the supernatants of RAW 264.7 cells. BBR upregulated the mRNA expression of IL-4, STAT6, and Chil3 while downregulating TNF-α, IFN-γ, and NOS2 expression in vivo. Moreover, BBR activated the downstream targets of the IL-4-STAT6 signalling pathway and enhanced the phosphorylation of STAT6 in vivo and in vitro to polarise M2 macrophage. Conclusion In UC mice, BBR suppressed M1 macrophages while promoting M2 macrophages. M1 macrophage suppression and M2 macrophage activation were strongly correlated with the anti-inflammatory and immune-modulating activities of BBR. BBR induced the polarisation of M2 macrophages by activating the IL-4-STAT6 signalling pathway, which contributed to its therapeutic efficacy against UC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Xiong
- Colorectal and Anal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No 71 Baoshan North Road, Guiyang, 550001, China
| | - Jia Deng
- Colorectal and Anal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No 71 Baoshan North Road, Guiyang, 550001, China
| | - Tinghui Yue
- Colorectal and Anal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No 71 Baoshan North Road, Guiyang, 550001, China
| | - Wenting Hu
- Colorectal and Anal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No 71 Baoshan North Road, Guiyang, 550001, China
| | - Xinglin Zeng
- Colorectal and Anal Surgery, Chengdu Anorectal Hospital, Chengdu, 610075, China
| | - Tao Yang
- Colorectal and Anal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No 71 Baoshan North Road, Guiyang, 550001, China
| | - Tianbao Xiao
- Colorectal and Anal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No 71 Baoshan North Road, Guiyang, 550001, China
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15
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Biswas P, Swaroop S, Dutta N, Arya A, Ghosh S, Dhabal S, Das P, Majumder C, Pal M, Bhattacharjee A. IL-13 and the hydroperoxy fatty acid 13(S)HpODE play crucial role in inducing an apoptotic pathway in cancer cells involving MAO-A/ROS/p53/p21 signaling axis. Free Radic Biol Med 2023; 195:309-328. [PMID: 36592660 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2022.12.103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Revised: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
This study depicted the effect of IL-13 and 13(S)HpODE (the endogenous product during IL-13 activation) in the process of cancer cell apoptosis. We examined the role of both IL-13 and 13(S)HpODE in mediating apoptotic pathway in three different in vitro cellular models namely A549 lung cancer, HCT116 colorectal cancer and CCF52 GBM cells. Our data showed that IL-13 promotes apoptosis of A549 lung carcinoma cells through the involvement of 15-LO, PPARγ and MAO-A. Our observations demonstrated that IL-13/13(S)HpODE stimulate MAO-A-mediated intracellular ROS production and p53 as well as p21 induction which play a crucial role in IL-13-stimulated A549 cell apoptosis. We further showed that 13(S)HpODE promotes apoptosis of HCT116 and CCF52 cells through the up-regulation of p53 and p21 expression. Our data delineated that IL-13 stimulates p53 and p21 induction which is mediated through 15-LO and MAO-A in A549 cells. In addition, we observed that PPARγ plays a vital role in apoptosis as well as in p53 and p21 expression in A549 cells in the presence of IL-13. We validated our observations in case of an in vivo colon cancer tumorigenic study using syngeneic mice model and demonstrated that 13(S)HpODE significantly reduces solid tumor growth through the activation of apoptosis. These data thus confirmed that IL-13 > 15-LO>13(S)HpODE > PPARγ>MAO-A > ROS > p53>p21 axis has a major contribution in regulating cancer cell apoptosis and further identified 13(S)HpODE as a potential chemo-preventive agent which can improve the efficacy of cancer treatment as a combination compound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pritam Biswas
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Technology, Durgapur, 713209, India
| | - Surbhi Swaroop
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Technology, Durgapur, 713209, India
| | - Naibedya Dutta
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Bose Institute, Kolkata, 700054, India
| | - Aditi Arya
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Technology, Durgapur, 713209, India
| | - Suvranil Ghosh
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Bose Institute, Kolkata, 700054, India
| | - Sukhamoy Dhabal
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Technology, Durgapur, 713209, India
| | - Payel Das
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Technology, Durgapur, 713209, India
| | | | - Mahadeb Pal
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Bose Institute, Kolkata, 700054, India
| | - Ashish Bhattacharjee
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Technology, Durgapur, 713209, India.
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16
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Tourkochristou E, Assimakopoulos SF, Thomopoulos K, Marangos M, Triantos C. NAFLD and HBV interplay - related mechanisms underlying liver disease progression. Front Immunol 2022; 13:965548. [PMID: 36544761 PMCID: PMC9760931 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.965548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and Hepatitis B virus infection (HBV) constitute common chronic liver diseases with worldwide distribution. NAFLD burden is expected to grow in the coming decade, especially in western countries, considering the increased incidence of diabetes and obesity. Despite the organized HBV vaccinations and use of anti-viral therapies globally, HBV infection remains endemic and challenging public health issue. As both NAFLD and HBV have been associated with the development of progressive fibrosis, cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), the co-occurrence of both diseases has gained great research and clinical interest. The causative relationship between NAFLD and HBV infection has not been elucidated so far. Dysregulated fatty acid metabolism and lipotoxicity in NAFLD disease seems to initiate activation of signaling pathways that enhance pro-inflammatory responses and disrupt hepatocyte cell homeostasis, promoting progression of NAFLD disease to NASH, fibrosis and HCC and can affect HBV replication and immune encountering of HBV virus, which may further have impact on liver disease progression. Chronic HBV infection is suggested to have an influence on metabolic changes, which could lead to NAFLD development and the HBV-induced inflammatory responses and molecular pathways may constitute an aggravating factor in hepatic steatosis development. The observed altered immune homeostasis in both HBV infection and NAFLD could be associated with progression to HCC development. Elucidation of the possible mechanisms beyond HBV chronic infection and NAFLD diseases, which could lead to advanced liver disease or increase the risk for severe complications, in the case of HBV-NAFLD co-existence is of high clinical significance in the context of designing effective therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evanthia Tourkochristou
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School, University of Patras, Patras, Greece
| | - Stelios F. Assimakopoulos
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School, University of Patras, Patras, Greece,*Correspondence: Stelios F. Assimakopoulos,
| | - Konstantinos Thomopoulos
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School, University of Patras, Patras, Greece
| | - Markos Marangos
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School, University of Patras, Patras, Greece
| | - Christos Triantos
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School, University of Patras, Patras, Greece
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17
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Gopalakrishnan A, Joseph J, Shirey KA, Keegan AD, Boukhvalova MS, Vogel SN, Blanco JCG. Protection against influenza-induced Acute Lung Injury (ALI) by enhanced induction of M2a macrophages: possible role of PPARγ/RXR ligands in IL-4-induced M2a macrophage differentiation. Front Immunol 2022; 13:968336. [PMID: 36052067 PMCID: PMC9424652 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.968336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Many respiratory viruses cause lung damage that may evolve into acute lung injury (ALI), a cytokine storm, acute respiratory distress syndrome, and ultimately, death. Peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma (PPARγ), a member of the nuclear hormone receptor (NHR) family of transcription factors, regulates transcription by forming heterodimers with another NHR family member, Retinoid X Receptor (RXR). Each component of the heterodimer binds specific ligands that modify transcriptional capacity of the entire heterodimer by recruiting different co-activators/co-repressors. However, the role of PPARγ/RXR ligands in the context of influenza infection is not well understood. PPARγ is associated with macrophage differentiation to an anti-inflammatory M2 state. We show that mice lacking the IL-4Rα receptor, required for M2a macrophage differentiation, are more susceptible to mouse-adapted influenza (A/PR/8/34; "PR8")-induced lethality. Mice lacking Ptgs2, that encodes COX-2, a key proinflammatory M1 macrophage mediator, are more resistant. Blocking the receptor for COX-2-induced Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) was also protective. Treatment with pioglitazone (PGZ), a PPARγ ligand, increased survival from PR8 infection, decreased M1 macrophage gene expression, and increased PPARγ mRNA in lungs. Conversely, conditional knockout mice expressing PPARγ-deficient macrophages were significantly more sensitive to PR8-induced lethality. These findings were extended in cotton rats: PGZ blunted lung inflammation and M1 cytokine gene expression after challenge with non-adapted human influenza. To study mechanisms by which PPARγ/RXR transcription factors induce canonical M2a genes, WT mouse macrophages were treated with IL-4 in the absence or presence of rosiglitazone (RGZ; PPARγ ligand), LG100754 (LG; RXR ligand), or both. IL-4 dose-dependently induced M2a genes Arg1, Mrc1, Chil3, and Retnla. Treatment of macrophages with IL-4 and RGZ and/or LG differentially affected induction of Arg1 and Mrc1 vs. Chil3 and Retnla gene expression. In PPARγ-deficient macrophages, IL-4 alone failed to induce Arg1 and Mrc1 gene expression; however, concurrent treatment with LG or RGZ + LG enhanced IL-4-induced Arg1 and Mrc1 expression, but to a lower level than in WT macrophages, findings confirmed in the murine alveolar macrophage cell line, MH-S. These findings support a model in which PPARγ/RXR heterodimers control IL-4-induced M2a differentiation, and suggest that PPARγ/RXR agonists should be considered as important tools for clinical intervention against influenza-induced ALI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Archana Gopalakrishnan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - John Joseph
- Sigmovir Biosystems, Inc., Rockville, MD, United States
| | - Kari Ann Shirey
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Achsah D. Keegan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
- Center for Vascular and Inflammatory Diseases, University of Maryland, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | | | - Stefanie N. Vogel
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
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18
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Shankar A, McAlees JW, Lewkowich IP. Modulation of IL-4/IL-13 cytokine signaling in the context of allergic disease. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2022; 150:266-276. [PMID: 35934680 PMCID: PMC9371363 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2022.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Revised: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Aberrant activation of CD4 TH2 cells and excessive production of TH2 cytokines such as IL-4 and IL-13 have been implicated in the pathogenesis of allergic diseases. Generally, IL-4 and IL-13 utilize Janus kinase (JAK)/signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) signaling pathways for induction of inflammatory gene expression and the effector functions associated with disease pathology in many allergic diseases. However, it is increasingly clear that JAK/STAT pathways activated by IL-4/IL-13 can themselves be modulated in the presence of other intracellular signaling programs, thereby changing the overall tone and/or magnitude of IL-4/IL-13 signaling. Apart from direct activation of the canonic JAK/STAT pathways, IL-4 and IL-13 also induce proinflammatory gene expression and effector functions through activation of additional signaling cascades. These alternative signaling cascades contribute to several specific aspects of IL-4/IL-13-associated cellular and molecular responses. A more complete understanding of IL-4/IL-13 signaling pathways, including the precise conditions under which noncanonic signaling pathways are activated, and the impact of these pathways on cellular- and host-level responses, will better allow us to design agents that target specific pathologic outcomes or tailor therapies for the treatment of uncommon disease endotypes.
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19
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Shim KS, Song HK, Hwang YH, Chae S, Kim HK, Jang S, Kim YH, Choo BK, Yang WK, Kim SH, Kim T, Kim KM. Ethanol extract of Veronica persica ameliorates house dust mite-induced asthmatic inflammation by inhibiting STAT-3 and STAT-6 activation. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 152:113264. [PMID: 35696941 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Revised: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Veronica persica is a flowering plant belonging to the family Scrophulariaceae. Here, we aimed to evaluate the pharmacological activity of the ethanol extract of Veronica persica (EEVP) in an airway inflammation model. We examined airway responsiveness to aerosolized methacholine, serum immunoglobulin (Ig)E levels, and total cell numbers in the lung and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF). Histological analysis of the lung tissue was performed using hematoxylin-eosin, Masson trichrome, or periodic acid-Schiff staining. Fluorescence-activated cell sorting analysis in the lung and BALF was applied to clarify the changes in immune cell types. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction were applied to investigate cytokine levels and gene expression related to airway inflammation. STAT-3/6 phosphorylation was examined in primary bronchial/tracheal epithelial cells using western blot analysis. EEVP significantly suppressed total IgE levels and methacholine-induced increase of Penh value in the HDM-challenged mouse model. EEVP also attenuated the severity of airway remodeling in lung tissues and decreased eosinophil and neutrophil infiltration in the lungs and BALF. EEVP significantly reduced the production of cytokines in BAL and splenocyte culture medium, and the expression of mRNAs related to airway inflammation in the lung tissue. EEVP suppressed IL-4/13-induced STAT-3/6 phosphorylation in the epithelial cells. We showed for the first time that EEVP effectively inhibits eosinophilic airway inflammation by suppressing the expression of inflammatory factors for T cell activation and polarization, and inhibits MCP-1 production of bronchial/tracheal epithelial cells by suppressing STAT-3/6 activation. EEVP may be a potential pharmacological agent to prevent inflammatory airway diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ki-Shuk Shim
- KM Convergence Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Yuseong-daero 1672, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34054, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Kyung Song
- KM Convergence Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Yuseong-daero 1672, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34054, Republic of Korea
| | - Youn-Hwan Hwang
- KM Convergence Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Yuseong-daero 1672, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34054, Republic of Korea; Korean Convergence Medicine Major KIOM, University of Science & Technology (UST), Daejeon 34054, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungwook Chae
- KM Convergence Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Yuseong-daero 1672, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34054, Republic of Korea; Korean Convergence Medicine Major KIOM, University of Science & Technology (UST), Daejeon 34054, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho Kyoung Kim
- KM Convergence Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Yuseong-daero 1672, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34054, Republic of Korea
| | - Seol Jang
- KM Convergence Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Yuseong-daero 1672, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34054, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun Hee Kim
- KM Convergence Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Yuseong-daero 1672, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34054, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung-Kil Choo
- Department of Crop Science & Biotechnology, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - Won-Kyung Yang
- Institute of Traditional Medicine and Bioscience, Daejeon University, Daejeon 34520, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Hyung Kim
- Institute of Traditional Medicine and Bioscience, Daejeon University, Daejeon 34520, Republic of Korea
| | - Taesoo Kim
- KM Convergence Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Yuseong-daero 1672, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34054, Republic of Korea.
| | - Ki Mo Kim
- KM Convergence Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Yuseong-daero 1672, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34054, Republic of Korea; Korean Convergence Medicine Major KIOM, University of Science & Technology (UST), Daejeon 34054, Republic of Korea.
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20
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Pelaia C, Pelaia G, Crimi C, Maglio A, Armentaro G, Calabrese C, Sciacqua A, Gallelli L, Vatrella A. Biological Therapy of Severe Asthma with Dupilumab, a Dual Receptor Antagonist of Interleukins 4 and 13. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:vaccines10060974. [PMID: 35746582 PMCID: PMC9229960 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10060974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Revised: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Interleukin-4 (IL-4) and interleukin-13 (IL-13) are key cytokines involved in the pathophysiology of both immune-inflammatory and structural changes underlying type 2 asthma. IL-4 plays a pivotal role in Th2 cell polarization, immunoglobulin E (IgE) synthesis and eosinophil recruitment into the airways. IL-13 synergizes with IL-4 in inducing IgE production and also promotes nitric oxide (NO) synthesis, eosinophil chemotaxis, bronchial hyperresponsiveness and mucus secretion, as well as the proliferation of airway resident cells such as fibroblasts and smooth muscle cells. The biological effects of IL-4 and IL-13 are mediated by complex signaling mechanisms activated by receptor dimerization triggered by cytokine binding to the α-subunit of the IL-4 receptor (IL-4Rα). The fully human IgG4 monoclonal antibody dupilumab binds to IL-4Rα, thereby preventing its interactions with both IL-4 and IL-13. This mechanism of action makes it possible for dupilumab to effectively inhibit type 2 inflammation, thus significantly reducing the exacerbation of severe asthma, the consumption of oral corticosteroids (OCS) and the levels of fractional exhaled NO (FeNO). Dupilumab has been approved not only for the add-on therapy of severe asthma, but also for the biological treatment of atopic dermatitis and nasal polyposis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corrado Pelaia
- Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Græcia” of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (G.P.); (L.G.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0961-3647007; Fax: +39-0961-3647193
| | - Giulia Pelaia
- Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Græcia” of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (G.P.); (L.G.)
| | - Claudia Crimi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy;
| | - Angelantonio Maglio
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, University of Salerno, 84084 Salerno, Italy; (A.M.); (A.V.)
| | - Giuseppe Armentaro
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University “Magna Græcia” of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (G.A.); (A.S.)
| | - Cecilia Calabrese
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80131 Naples, Italy;
| | - Angela Sciacqua
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University “Magna Græcia” of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (G.A.); (A.S.)
| | - Luca Gallelli
- Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Græcia” of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (G.P.); (L.G.)
| | - Alessandro Vatrella
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, University of Salerno, 84084 Salerno, Italy; (A.M.); (A.V.)
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21
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Novel Biological Therapies for Severe Asthma Endotypes. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10051064. [PMID: 35625801 PMCID: PMC9138687 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10051064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2022] [Revised: 05/01/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Severe asthma comprises several heterogeneous phenotypes, underpinned by complex pathomechanisms known as endotypes. The latter are driven by intercellular networks mediated by molecular components which can be targeted by specific monoclonal antibodies. With regard to the biological treatments of either allergic or non-allergic eosinophilic type 2 asthma, currently available antibodies are directed against immunoglobulins E (IgE), interleukin-5 (IL-5) and its receptor, the receptors of interleukins-4 (IL-4) and 13 (IL-13), as well as thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) and other alarmins. Among these therapeutic strategies, the best choice should be made according to the phenotypic/endotypic features of each patient with severe asthma, who can thus respond with significant clinical and functional improvements. Conversely, very poor options so far characterize the experimental pipelines referring to the perspective biological management of non-type 2 severe asthma, which thereby needs to be the focus of future thorough research.
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22
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Alsaffar RM, Alkholifi FK. Exploring the efficacy and contribution of Dupilumab in asthma management. Mol Immunol 2022; 146:9-17. [PMID: 35397375 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2022.03.119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Revised: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
IgG4 monoclonal antibody Dupilumab binds to the alpha chain (IL4R) of both types of the ligand-binding domains (IL4R/ IL13R1; equally IL4 and IL13 specific) of the IL-4 receptor. The current focus on precision medicine techniques to blocking pathways implicated in allergy disorders is crucial to the development of Dupilumab and broadening its therapeutic uses. Our review describes how the IL-4R complexes signaling pathway works, explores the probable mechanisms of Dupilumab activity and addresses its clinical usefulness and safety in asthma. The FDA (Food and Drug Administration) already licences it to treat Alzheimer's disease and moderate-to-severe asthma, and it has shown highly significant results in the management of chronic rhinosinusitis and Eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE). Previous investigations and clinical trials undertaken by various pharmaceutical firms are examined in this review article to assess the existing literature fully. The discovery of Dupilumab and the expanding range of therapeutic uses are pertinent to the current focus on precision medicine methods to blocking asthma-related pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rana M Alsaffar
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 173, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Faisal K Alkholifi
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 173, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
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23
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Pelaia C, Heffler E, Crimi C, Maglio A, Vatrella A, Pelaia G, Canonica GW. Interleukins 4 and 13 in Asthma: Key Pathophysiologic Cytokines and Druggable Molecular Targets. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:851940. [PMID: 35350765 PMCID: PMC8957960 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.851940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Interleukins (IL)-4 and -13 play a pivotal role in the pathobiology of type-2 asthma. Indeed, IL-4 is crucially involved in Th2 cell differentiation, immunoglobulin (Ig) class switching and eosinophil trafficking. IL-13 cooperates with IL-4 in promoting IgE synthesis, and also induces nitric oxide (NO) production, goblet cell metaplasia and fibroblast proliferation, as well as elicits contractile responses and hyperplasia of airway smooth muscle cells. IL-4 and IL-13 share common signaling pathways, activated by the binding of both cytokines to receptor complexes including the α-subunit of the IL-4 receptor (IL-4Rα). Therefore, the subsequent receptor dimerization is responsible for the pathophysiologic effects of IL-4 and IL-13. By selectively blocking IL-4Rα, the fully human IgG4 monoclonal antibody dupilumab behaves as a dual receptor antagonist of both IL-4 and IL-13. Through this mechanism of action, dupilumab exerts effective therapeutic actions in type-2 inflammation, thus decreasing asthma exacerbations, FeNO (fractional exhaled NO) levels, and the intake of oral corticosteroids (OCS). In addition to being approved for the add-on biological therapy of severe asthma, dupilumab has also been licensed for the treatment of nasal polyposis and atopic dermatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corrado Pelaia
- Department of Health Sciences, University "Magna Græcia" of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Enrico Heffler
- Personalized Medicine, Asthma and Allergy, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center IRCCS, Rozzano, Italy.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Pieve Emanuele, Italy
| | - Claudia Crimi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Angelantonio Maglio
- Department of Medicine, Surgery, and Dentistry, University of Salerno, Salerno, Italy
| | - Alessandro Vatrella
- Department of Medicine, Surgery, and Dentistry, University of Salerno, Salerno, Italy
| | - Girolamo Pelaia
- Department of Health Sciences, University "Magna Græcia" of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Giorgio Walter Canonica
- Personalized Medicine, Asthma and Allergy, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center IRCCS, Rozzano, Italy.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Pieve Emanuele, Italy
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24
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The use of supercytokines, immunocytokines, engager cytokines, and other synthetic cytokines in immunotherapy. Cell Mol Immunol 2022; 19:192-209. [PMID: 35043005 PMCID: PMC8803834 DOI: 10.1038/s41423-021-00786-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Cytokines exert powerful immunomodulatory effects that are critical to physiology and pathology in humans. The application of natural cytokines in clinical studies has not been clearly established, and there are often problems associated with toxicity or lack of efficacy. The key reasons can be attributed to the pleiotropy of cytokine receptors and undesired activation of off-target cells. With a deeper understanding of the structural principles and functional signals of cytokine-receptor interactions, artificial modification of cytokine signaling through protein engineering and synthetic immunology has become an increasingly feasible and powerful approach. Engineered cytokines are designed to selectively target cells. Herein, the theoretical and experimental evidence of cytokine engineering is reviewed, and the "supercytokines" resulting from structural enhancement and the "immunocytokines" generated by antibody fusion are described. Finally, the "engager cytokines" formed by the crosslinking of cytokines and bispecific immune engagers and other synthetic cytokines formed by nonnatural analogs are also discussed.
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25
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Jin M, Watkins S, Larriba Y, Wallace C, St. Croix C, Zhou X, Zhao J, Peddada S, Wenzel SE. Real-time imaging of asthmatic epithelial cells identifies migratory deficiencies under type-2 conditions. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2022; 149:579-588. [PMID: 34547368 PMCID: PMC8821171 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2021.08.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Revised: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The epithelium is increasingly recognized as a pathologic contributor to asthma and its phenotypes. Although delayed wound closure by asthmatic epithelial cells is consistently observed, underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood, partly due to difficulties in studying dynamic physiologic processes involving polarized multilayered cell systems. Although type-2 immunity has been suggested to play a role, the mechanisms by which repair is diminished are unclear. OBJECTIVES This study sought to develop and utilize primary multilayered polarized epithelial cell systems, derived from patients with asthma, to evaluate cell migration in response to wounding under type-2 and untreated conditions. METHODS A novel wounding device for multilayered polarized cells, along with time-lapse live cell/real-time confocal imaging were evaluated under IL-13 and untreated conditions. The influence of inhibition of 15 lipoxygenase (15LO1), a type-2 enzyme, on the process was also addressed. Cell migration patterns were analyzed by high-dimensional frequency modulated Möbius for statistical comparisons. RESULTS IL-13 stimulation negatively impacts wound healing by altering the total speed, directionality, and acceleration of individual cells. Inhibition 15LO1 partially improved the wound repair through improving total speed. CONCLUSIONS Migration abnormalities contributed to markedly slower wound closure of IL-13 treated cells, which was modestly reversed by 15LO1 inhibition, suggesting its potential as an asthma therapeutic target. These novel methodologies offer new ways to dynamically study cell movements and identify contributing pathologic processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingzhu Jin
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, USA,Department of Rhinology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Simon Watkins
- Center for Biologic Imaging, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, USA
| | - Yolanda Larriba
- Department of Statistics and Operations Research, Universidad de Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain
| | - Callen Wallace
- Center for Biologic Imaging, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, USA
| | - Claudette St. Croix
- Center for Biologic Imaging, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, USA
| | - Xiuxia Zhou
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, USA
| | - Jinming Zhao
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, USA
| | - Shyamal Peddada
- Department of Biostatistics, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, USA
| | - Sally E. Wenzel
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, USA,Asthma and Environmental Lung Health Institute @UPMC, Pittsburgh, USA
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26
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Wei H, Xu L, Sun P, Xing H, Zhu Z, Liu J. Activation of STAT6 by intranasal allergens correlated with the development of eosinophilic chronic rhinosinusitis in a mouse model. Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol 2022; 36:3946320221109529. [PMID: 35726645 PMCID: PMC9218454 DOI: 10.1177/03946320221109529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Eosinophilic chronic rhinosinusitis (ECRS) is a chronic inflammatory disease characterized by prominent eosinophilic infiltration along with a T-helper-2 (Th2) response. It has been well documented that signal transducer and activator of transcription 6 (STAT6) is a nuclear transcription factor that mediates Th2-type immunity and is implicatory of STAT1 and STAT3 in the pathogenesis of allergic airway diseases. However, little is known about the association between STATs and ECRS. Here, we explored the relationship between STAT1, STAT3, and/or STAT6 and eosinophilic inflammation accompanied by Th2-type immunity in a mouse model of ECRS. An ovalbumin (OVA)-staphylococcal enterotoxin B (SEB)-induced ECRS murine model was first established. The mucosal histological alterations were determined using hematoxylin and eosin staining. The number of eosinophils in peripheral blood was measured using a blood cell analyzer. The cytokine (IL-4, IL-5, IL17 A and IFN-γ) expression levels in the sinonasal mucosa and total and OVA-specific IgE from serum were measured using ELISA. Then, the protein levels of STAT1, STAT3, STAT6, phosphorylated STAT1 (p-STAT1), p-STAT3, p-STAT6, T-box expressed in T-cells (T-bet), GATA binding protein 3 (GATA-3), and retinoic acid receptor-related orphan receptor γ (RORγt) in the sinonasal mucosa were examined by immunohistochemical staining or Western blotting. Local administration of OVA combined with SEB (OVA + SEB) induced multiple polyp-like lesions, accompanied by prominent eosinophilic infiltration in the sinonasal mucosa. The OVA- and OVA+SEB-treated groups showed significantly higher eosinophil counts from peripheral blood and total and OVA-specific IgE levels from serum than those in the PBS- and SEB-treated groups. The levels of p-STAT6 were markedly increased by OVA + SEB exposure, as well as GATA-3, IL-4, and IL-5, but did not affect STAT6, p-STAT1, p-STAT3, T-bet, RORγt, IFN-γ, or IL-17A. Furthermore, an eosinophil count in the sinonasal mucosa showed a positive correlation with the level of p-STAT6 in the ECRS mouse model. Signal transducer and activator of transcription 6 signaling could be activated in the OVA+SEB-induced ECRS model and might be a crucial signal transducer in the development of Th2-skewed ECRS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongqi Wei
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, 74566The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,Department of Otorhinolaryngology, 105860The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Longjiang Xu
- Department of Pathology, 105860The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Peng Sun
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, 74566The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Hongyu Xing
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, 105860The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Zhengwen Zhu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, 105860The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Jisheng Liu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, 74566The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
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Liu ZZ, Xu NY, Wang ML, Tang RZ, Liu XQ. Physical Confinement in Alginate Cryogels Determines Macrophage Polarization to a M2 phenotype by Regulating a STAT-Related mRNA Transcription Pathway. Biomater Sci 2022; 10:2315-2327. [DOI: 10.1039/d1bm01719e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The immunologic response is considered to play a pivotal role in the application of biomaterial implants, and intrinsic properties of biomaterials can significantly modulate the anti-inflammatory effects. However, how physical...
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28
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Is the Macrophage Phenotype Determinant for Fibrosis Development? Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9121747. [PMID: 34944564 PMCID: PMC8698841 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9121747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Fibrosis is a pathophysiological process of wound repair that leads to the deposit of connective tissue in the extracellular matrix. This complication is mainly associated with different pathologies affecting several organs such as lung, liver, heart, kidney, and intestine. In this fibrotic process, macrophages play an important role since they can modulate fibrosis due to their high plasticity, being able to adopt different phenotypes depending on the microenvironment in which they are found. In this review, we will try to discuss whether the macrophage phenotype exerts a pivotal role in the fibrosis development in the most important fibrotic scenarios.
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29
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Chen BR, Hsu KT, Li TL, Chan YL, Wu CJ. Topical application of fucoidan derived from Cladosiphon okamuranus alleviates atopic dermatitis symptoms through immunomodulation. Int Immunopharmacol 2021; 101:108362. [PMID: 34801417 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2021.108362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2021] [Revised: 10/31/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a T helper (Th) 2 cell-mediated allergic disease, which features increased number of immunocytes and level of Th2-associated cytokines. Fucoidan is well known a naturally occurring agent effectively ameliorating many AD symptoms. Though these alleviative effects are exhilarating, the mechanisms behind, however, are still rather limited. In this study, we report that fucoidan derived from Cladosiphon okamuranus (FT) inhibits nitric oxide (NO) production by exerting its anti-inflammatory ability. Topical application on animals show that FT promotes skin repair, reduces immunocyte proliferation, and decreases serum IgE level. In histological analysis, FT favorably reduces epidermal hyperplasia and eosinophilic infiltration. The pharmacodynamics mechanism of FT is determined by means of down-regulating AD-associated cytokines (IL-4, IL-5, IL-22, IL-33, and TSLP) and up-regulating TGF-β1 level. Moreover, FT can regulate systemic immunity by enhancing tolerogenic dendritic cells (Tol-DCs) to activate regulatory T cells (Treg) differentiation and to decrease the population of Th22 and memory B cells. Overall, topical application of FT is able to enhance Treg secreting TGF-β1 and to down-regulate Th2 cell-mediated immunity so that AD symptoms are significantly alleviated. Thereby, FT is an ideal drug candidate potentially replacing or complementing corticosteroids to be developed and used as a therapeutic agent to treat AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo-Rui Chen
- Doctoral Degree Program in Marine Biotechnology, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung, Taiwan; Doctoral Degree Program in Marine Biotechnology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Food Science and Center of Excellence for the Oceans, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung, Taiwan
| | - Kung-Ting Hsu
- Department of Food Science and Center of Excellence for the Oceans, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung, Taiwan
| | - Tsung-Lin Li
- Doctoral Degree Program in Marine Biotechnology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan; Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Lin Chan
- Department of Life Science, Chinese Culture University, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Chang-Jer Wu
- Doctoral Degree Program in Marine Biotechnology, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung, Taiwan; Doctoral Degree Program in Marine Biotechnology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Food Science and Center of Excellence for the Oceans, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung, Taiwan; Department of Health and Nutrition Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
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30
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Alvarado-Flores F, Kaneko-Tarui T, Beyer W, Katz J, Chu T, Catalano P, Sadovsky Y, Hivert MF, O’Tierney-Ginn P. Placental miR-3940-3p Is Associated With Maternal Insulin Resistance in Late Pregnancy. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2021; 106:3526-3535. [PMID: 34333643 PMCID: PMC8787748 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgab571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT An increase in maternal insulin resistance (IR) during pregnancy is essential for normal fetal growth. The mechanisms underlying this adaptation are poorly understood. Placental factors are believed to instigate and maintain these changes, as IR decreases shortly after delivery. Methylation of placental gene loci that are common targets for miRNAs are associated with maternal IR. OBJECTIVE We hypothesized that placental miRNAs targeting methylated loci are associated with maternal IR during late pregnancy. METHODS We collected placentas from 132 elective cesarean sections and fasting blood samples at delivery to estimate maternal homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR). Placental miRNA expression was measured via whole genome small-RNA sequencing in a subset of 40 placentas selected by maternal pre-gravid body mass index (BMI) and neonatal adiposity. Five miRNAs correlated with maternal HOMA-IR and previously identified as targeting methylated genes were selected for validation in all 132 placenta samples via RT-qPCR. Multiple regression adjusted for relevant clinical variables. RESULTS Median maternal age was 27.5 years, with median pre-pregnancy BMI of 24.7 kg/m2, and median HOMA-IR of 2.9. Among the 5 selected miRNA, maternal HOMA-IR correlated with the placental expression of miRNA-371b-3p (r = 0.25; P = 0.008) and miRNA-3940-3p (r = 0.32; P = 0.0004) across the 132 individuals. After adjustment for confounding variables, placental miRNA-3940-3p expression remained significantly associated with HOMA-IR (β = 0.16; P = 0.03). CONCLUSION Placental miRNA-3940-3p was associated with maternal IR at delivery. This placental miRNA may have an autocrine or paracrine effect-regulating placental genes involved in modulating maternal IR.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tomoko Kaneko-Tarui
- Mother Infant Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA 02111, USA
| | - William Beyer
- Mother Infant Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA 02111, USA
| | - Jacqueline Katz
- Mother Infant Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA 02111, USA
| | - Tianjiao Chu
- Magee Womens Research Institute, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Patrick Catalano
- Mother Infant Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA 02111, USA
| | - Yoel Sadovsky
- Magee Womens Research Institute, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Marie-France Hivert
- Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School; Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Diabetes Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
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31
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Iwaszko M, Biały S, Bogunia-Kubik K. Significance of Interleukin (IL)-4 and IL-13 in Inflammatory Arthritis. Cells 2021; 10:cells10113000. [PMID: 34831223 PMCID: PMC8616130 DOI: 10.3390/cells10113000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Revised: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Interleukin (IL)-4 and IL-13 belong to the T helper 2 (Th2) cytokine family, along with IL-3, IL-5, and IL-9. These cytokines are key mediators of allergic inflammation. They have important immunomodulatory activities and exert influence on a wide variety of immune cells, such as B cells, eosinophils, basophils, monocytes, fibroblasts, endothelial cells, airway epithelial cells, smooth muscle cells, and keratinocytes. Recent studies have implicated IL-4 and IL-13 in the development of various autoimmune diseases. Additionally, these cytokines have emerged as potential players in pathogenesis of inflammatory arthritis. Recent findings suggest that the IL-4 and IL-13 might play a significant role in the downregulation of inflammatory processes underlying RA pathology, and beneficially modulate the course of the disease. This review summarizes the biological features of the IL-4 and IL-13 and provides current knowledge regarding the role of these cytokines in inflammatory arthritis.
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32
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Sonnenberg-Riethmacher E, Miehe M, Riethmacher D. Periostin in Allergy and Inflammation. Front Immunol 2021; 12:722170. [PMID: 34512647 PMCID: PMC8429843 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.722170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Matricellular proteins are involved in the crosstalk between cells and their environment and thus play an important role in allergic and inflammatory reactions. Periostin, a matricellular protein, has several documented and multi-faceted roles in health and disease. It is differentially expressed, usually upregulated, in allergic conditions, a variety of inflammatory diseases as well as in cancer and contributes to the development and progression of these diseases. Periostin has also been shown to influence tissue remodelling, fibrosis, regeneration and repair. In allergic reactions periostin is involved in type 2 immunity and can be induced by IL-4 and IL-13 in bronchial cells. A variety of different allergic diseases, among them bronchial asthma and atopic dermatitis (AD), have been shown to be connected to periostin expression. Periostin is commonly expressed in fibroblasts and acts on epithelial cells as well as fibroblasts involving integrin and NF-κB signalling. Also direct signalling between periostin and immune cells has been reported. The deposition of periostin in inflamed, often fibrotic, tissues is further fuelling the inflammatory process. There is increasing evidence that periostin is also expressed by epithelial cells in several of the above-mentioned conditions as well as in cancer. Augmented periostin expression has also been associated with chronic inflammation such as in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Periostin can be expressed in a variety of different isoforms, whose functions have not been elucidated yet. This review will discuss potential functions of periostin and its different isoforms in allergy and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Sonnenberg-Riethmacher
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, Nazarbayev University, Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan.,Department of Human Development and Health, School of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Michaela Miehe
- Department of Biological and Chemical Engineering - Immunological Biotechnology, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Dieter Riethmacher
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, Nazarbayev University, Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan.,Department of Human Development and Health, School of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
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Isali I, McClellan P, Shankar E, Gupta S, Jain M, Anderson JM, Hijaz A, Akkus O. Genipin guides and sustains the polarization of macrophages to the pro-regenerative M2 subtype via activation of the pSTAT6-PPAR-gamma pathway. Acta Biomater 2021; 131:198-210. [PMID: 34224892 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2021.06.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Revised: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
M2 macrophages are associated with deposition of interstitial collagen and other extracellular matrix proteins during the course wound healing and also inflammatory response to biomaterials. Developing advanced biomaterials to promote the M2 subtype may be an effective way to improve tissue reinforcement surgery outcomes. In this study, the effect of genipin, a naturally derived crosslinking agent, on M0 → M2-polarization was investigated. Genipin was introduced either indirectly by seeding cells on aligned collagen biotextiles that are crosslinked by the agent or in soluble form by direct addition to the culture medium. Cellular elongation effects on macrophage polarization induced by the collagen biotextile were also investigated as a potential inducer of macrophage polarization. M0 and M2 macrophages demonstrated significant elongation on the surface of aligned collagen threads, while cells of the M1 subtype-maintained a round phenotype. M0 → M2 polarization, as reflected by arginase and Ym-1 production, was observed on collagen threads only when the threads were crosslinked by genipin, implicating genipin as a more potent inducer of the regenerative phenotype compared to cytoskeletal elongation. The addition of genipin to the culture medium directly also drove the emergence of pro-regenerative phenotype as measured by the markers (arginase and Ym-1) and through the activation of the pSTAT6-PPAR-gamma pathway. This study indicates that genipin-crosslinked collagen biotextiles can be used as a delivery platform to promote regenerative response after biomaterial implantation. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: The immune response is one of the key determinants of tissue repair and regeneration rate, and outcome. The M2 macrophage subtype is known to resolve the inflammatory response and support tissue repair by producing pro-regenerative factors. Therefore, a biomaterial that promotes M2 sub-type can be a viable strategy to enhance tissue regeneration. In this study, we investigated genipin-crosslinked electrochemically aligned collagen biotextiles for their capacity to induce pro-regenerative polarization of M0 macrophages. The results demonstrated that genipin, rather than matrix-induced cellular elongation, was responsible for M0 → M2 polarization in the absence of other bioinductive factors and maintaining the M2 polarized status of macrophages. Furthermore, we identified that genipin polarizes the M2 macrophage phenotype via activation of the pSTAT6-PPAR-gamma pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilaha Isali
- Department of Urology, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Phillip McClellan
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Eswar Shankar
- Department of Urology, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Sanjay Gupta
- Department of Urology, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Mukesh Jain
- Harrington Discovery Institute and the Harrington Heart and Vascular Institute, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, and the Case Cardiovascular Research Institute, Case Western Reserve University, USA
| | - James M Anderson
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA; Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA; Department of Macromolecular Science, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Adonis Hijaz
- Department of Urology, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Ozan Akkus
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA; Department of Orthopedics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA.
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Ghafouri-Fard S, Abak A, Tavakkoli Avval S, Shoorei H, Taheri M, Samadian M. The impact of non-coding RNAs on macrophage polarization. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 142:112112. [PMID: 34449319 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.112112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Revised: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrophage polarization is a process through which macrophages attain unique functional features as a response to certain stimuli from their niche. Lipopolysaccharide and Th1 cytokines induce generation of M1 macrophages. On the other hand, IL-4, IL-13, IL-10, IL-33, and TGF-β induce polarization of macrophages towards M2 phenotype. This process is also modulated by a number of miRNAs and lncRNAs. miR-375, miR-let7, miR-34a, miR-155, miR-124, miR-34a, miR-511-3p, miR-99a, miR-132 and miR-145-3p are among miRNAs that regulate macrophage polarization. Meanwhile, macrophage polarization is influenced by some lncRNAs such as H19, NRON, MEG3, GAS5, RN7SK, and AK085865. Macrophage polarization has functional significance in a wide range of human disorders particularly immune disorders and cancer. In addition, the effect of certain drugs in modulation of macrophage polarization is exerted through modulation of expression of non-coding RNAs. In the current manuscript, we provide a summary of studies aimed to identification of this aspect of non-coding RNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soudeh Ghafouri-Fard
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Atefe Abak
- Men's Health and Reproductive Health Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Hamed Shoorei
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Mohammad Taheri
- Urology and Nephrology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mohammad Samadian
- Skull Base Research Center, Loghman Hakim Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Up-regulation of gasdermin C in mouse small intestine is associated with lytic cell death in enterocytes in worm-induced type 2 immunity. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:2026307118. [PMID: 34290141 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2026307118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
"Taste-like" tuft cells in the intestine trigger type 2 immunity in response to worm infection. The secretion of interleukin-13 (IL-13) from type 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2) represents a key step in the tuft cell-ILC2 cell-intestinal epithelial cell circuit that drives the clearance of worms from the gut via type 2 immune responses. Hallmark features of type 2 responses include tissue remodeling, such as tuft and goblet cell expansion, and villus atrophy, yet it remains unclear if additional molecular changes in the gut epithelium facilitate the clearance of worms from the gut. Using gut organoids, we demonstrated that IL-4 and IL-13, two type 2 cytokines with similar functions, not only induced the classical type 2 responses (e.g., tuft cell expansion) but also drastically up-regulated the expression of gasdermin C genes (Gsdmcs). Using an in vivo worm-induced type 2 immunity model, we confirmed the up-regulation of Gsdmcs in Nippostrongylus brasiliensis-infected wild-type C57BL/6 mice. Consistent with gasdermin family members being principal effectors of pyroptosis, overexpression of Gsdmc2 in human embryonic kidney 293 (HEK293) cells triggered pyroptosis and lytic cell death. Moreover, in intestinal organoids treated with IL-4 or IL-13, or in wild-type mice infected with N. brasiliensis, lytic cell death increased, which may account for villus atrophy observed in worm-infected mice. Thus, we propose that the up-regulated Gsdmc family may be major effectors for type 2 responses in the gut and that Gsdmc-mediated pyroptosis may provide a conduit for the release of antiparasitic factors from enterocytes to facilitate the clearance of worms.
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Hua L, Liu Q, Li J, Zuo X, Chen Q, Li J, Wang Y, Liu H, Shen Z, Li Y, Ma Z, Dong S, Ji R, Fang D, Chen Y, Zhong W, Zhang J, Zhang J, Bao Y. Gene-gene and gene-environment interactions on cord blood total IgE in Chinese Han children. Allergy Asthma Clin Immunol 2021; 17:69. [PMID: 34243801 PMCID: PMC8268446 DOI: 10.1186/s13223-021-00571-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background IL13, IL4, IL4RA, FCER1B and ADRB2 are susceptible genes of asthma and atopy. Our previous study has found gene–gene interactions on asthma between these genes in Chinese Han children. Whether the interactions begin in fetal stage, and whether these genes interact with prenatal environment to enhance cord blood IgE (CBIgE) levels and then cause subsequent allergic diseases have yet to be determined. This study aimed to determine whether there are gene–gene and gene-environment interactions on CBIgE elevation among the aforementioned five genes and prenatal environmental factors in Chinese Han population. Methods 989 cord blood samples from a Chinese birth cohort were genotyped for nine single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the five genes, and measured for CBIgE levels. Prenatal environmental factors were collected using a questionnaire. Gene–gene and gene-environment interactions were analyzed with generalized multifactor dimensionality methods. Results A four-way gene–gene interaction model (IL13 rs20541, IL13 rs1800925, IL4 rs2243250 and ADRB2 rs1042713) was regarded as the optimal one for CBIgE elevation (testing balanced accuracy = 0.5805, P = 9.03 × 10–4). Among the four SNPs, only IL13 rs20541 was identified to have an independent effect on elevated CBIgE (odds ratio (OR) = 1.36, P = 3.57 × 10–3), while the other three had small but synergistic effects. Carriers of IL13 rs20541 TT, IL13 rs1800925 CT/TT, IL4 rs2243250 TT and ADRB2 rs1042713 AA were estimated to be at more than fourfold higher risk for CBIgE elevation (OR = 4.14, P = 2.69 × 10–2). Gene-environment interaction on elevated CBIgE was found between IL4 rs2243250 and maternal atopy (OR = 1.41, P = 2.65 × 10–2). Conclusions Gene–gene interaction between IL13 rs20541, IL13 rs1800925, IL4 rs2243250 and ADRB2 rs1042713, and gene-environment interaction between IL4 rs2243250 and maternal atopy begin in prenatal stage to augment IgE production in Chinese Han children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Hua
- Department of Pediatric Pulmonology, Xin Hua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Quanhua Liu
- Department of Pediatric Pulmonology, Xin Hua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Pediatric Pulmonology, Xin Hua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Xianbo Zuo
- Key Laboratory of Dermatology, Ministry of Education, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Qian Chen
- Ministry of Education-Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health, Xin Hua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jingyang Li
- Department of Pediatric Pulmonology, Xin Hua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Yuwei Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Haipei Liu
- Department of Pediatric Pulmonology, Xin Hua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Zhaobo Shen
- Department of Pulmonology, Children's Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Yi Li
- Department of Pulmonology, Children's Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Zenan Ma
- Department of Pediatrics, Suzhou Wuzhong People's Hospital, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shengdong Dong
- Medical Department, Shanghai Seventh People's Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ruoxu Ji
- Department of Pediatric Pulmonology, Xin Hua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Dingzhu Fang
- Department of Pediatric Pulmonology, Xin Hua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Yi Chen
- Department of Pediatric Pulmonology, Xin Hua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Wenwei Zhong
- Department of Pediatric Pulmonology, Xin Hua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Ministry of Education-Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health, Xin Hua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianhua Zhang
- Department of Pediatric Pulmonology, Xin Hua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai, 200092, China.
| | - Yixiao Bao
- Department of Pediatric Pulmonology, Xin Hua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai, 200092, China. .,Shanghai Tonxin Pediatric Clinic, Shanghai, China.
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Martinez-Cabriales SA, Kirchhof MG, Constantinescu CM, Murguia-Favela L, Ramien ML. Recommendations for Vaccination in Children with Atopic Dermatitis Treated with Dupilumab: A Consensus Meeting, 2020. Am J Clin Dermatol 2021; 22:443-455. [PMID: 34076879 PMCID: PMC8169786 DOI: 10.1007/s40257-021-00607-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Dupilumab is the only biologic therapy currently approved in Europe and the United States for severe atopic dermatitis in patients 6 years of age or older. Off-label use is rationalized in younger children with severe atopic dermatitis. Decisions about vaccination for children on dupilumab are complex and depend on both the child’s current treatment and the type of vaccination required. To achieve consensus on recommendations for vaccination of pediatric patients with atopic dermatitis treated with or planning to start dupilumab, a review of the literature and a modified-Delphi process was conducted by a working group of 5 panelists with expertise in dermatology, immunology, infectious diseases and vaccination. Here, we provide seven recommendations for vaccination of pediatric patients with atopic dermatitis treated with or planning to start dupilumab. These recommendations serve to guide physicians’ decisions about vaccination in children with atopic dermatitis treated with dupilumab. Furthermore, we highlight an unmet need for research to determine how significantly dupilumab affects cellular and humoral immune responses to vaccination with live attenuated and inactivated vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvia A Martinez-Cabriales
- Section of Community Pediatrics, Department of Pediatrics, Alberta Children's Hospital and University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Mark G Kirchhof
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, University of Ottawa and The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Cora M Constantinescu
- Section of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Alberta Children's Hospital and University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Luis Murguia-Favela
- Section of Hematology and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Alberta Children's Hospital and University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Michele L Ramien
- Section of Community Pediatrics, Department of Pediatrics, Alberta Children's Hospital and University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) is a chronic inflammatory disease of the oesophagus whose incidence is on the rise. Despite maximal use of guideline-based therapies including food elimination diets and steroids, many patients remain symptomatic. This review serves to summarize safety and efficacy of monoclonal antibodies in treatment of EoE. RECENT FINDINGS There has been an increasing number of biologics under consideration for EoE and several that have undergone clinical trials. mAbs that target specific effectors involved in the disease may offer additional clinical and histologic benefit. In addition, they offer a more benign adverse effect profile than traditional therapies. SUMMARY Biologics for treatment of EoE may result in symptom and histologic improvement and has the potential to treat disease with minimal side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simin Zhang
- University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Immunology/Allergy
| | - Amal H Assa'ad
- Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati, Division of Allergy and Immunology, Cincinnati, OH, USA
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Abstract
IL-4 production is associated with low-avidity, poorly cytotoxic T cell induction that contributes to viral immune evasion and the failure of T cell-based vaccines. Yet, the precise mechanisms that regulate IL-4 signalling in T cells remain elusive. Mounting evidence indicates that cells can dynamically alter their IL-4/IL-13 receptor signature to modulate downstream immune outcomes upon pathogen encounter. Here, we describe how naïve (CD62L+CD44lo-mid) CD4 and CD8 T cells distinctly engage both STAT6 and STAT3 in response to IL-4. We further show that IL-4R⍺ expression is both time- and IL-4 concentration-dependent. Remarkably, our findings reveal that STAT3 inhibition can ablate IL-4R⍺ and affect transcriptional expression of other Stat and Jak family members. By extension, the loss of STAT3 lead to aberrant STAT6 phosphorylation, revealing an inter-regulatory relationship between the two transcription factors. Moreover, IL-4 stimulation down-regulated TGF-β1 and IFN-γR1 expression on naïve T cells, possibly signifying the broad regulatory implications of IL-4 in conditioning lineage commitment decisions during early infection. Surprisingly, naïve T cells were unresponsive to IL-13 stimulation, unlike dendritic cells. Collectively, these findings could be exploited to inform more efficacious vaccines, as well as design treatments against IL-4/IL-13-associated disease conditions.
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Michael H, Li Y, Wang Y, McCusker CT. Trained immunity induced by in vivo peptide-based STAT6 inhibition prevents ragweed allergy in mice. Allergy Asthma Clin Immunol 2021; 17:42. [PMID: 33883042 PMCID: PMC8059037 DOI: 10.1186/s13223-021-00542-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 04/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Trained immunity is the ability of the innate immune system to form immune memory responses to provide support the formation of appropriate adaptive responses. Allergic airways disease (AAD) is a maladapted immune response to allergens, initiated and maintained by the type 2 (T2) inflammatory pathway. It is predicated by the elaboration of cytokines IL-4 and IL-13 and follows activation of the STAT6 transcription factor. OBJECTIVE To investigate the role of trained immunity in mucosal immune responses following neonatal vaccination with the STAT6 inhibitory peptide (STAT6-IP), in preventing the development of ragweed-induced AAD. METHODS We demonstrate that transfer of CD4+ T cells or dendritic cells (DC) from STAT6-IP vaccinated wild-type BALB/c mice to naïve mice, that were subsequently chronically exposed to sensitizing doses of ragweed allergen, is sufficient to prevent development of T2 responses in recipients. RESULTS Our results demonstrate significant reductions in; airways hyperresponsiveness (AHR); ragweed-specific IgE; pulmonary inflammation; T2 cytokines; and inflammatory gene expressions in recipient mice. Expression of IDO, TGFβ and T regulatory cells were all significantly increased. Anti-TGFβ treatment during the ragweed sensitization phase re-constituted the pro-inflammatory T2 immune response. We show that tolerance can be attained via DC trained in the STAT6-IP-mediated tolerant milieu. This effect is not restricted to a particular allergen and does not require antigen-mediated T cell activation prior to transfer. CONCLUSION Adoptive transfer experiments suggest that STAT6-IP treatment trains dendritic and cells to mediate tolerant immunity to chronic ragweed exposure in the airways. This indicates that early transient STAT6-inhibition constitutes an effective immunomodulatory airways allergy preventative strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Husheem Michael
- Meakins-Christie Laboratories, McGill University and the McGill University Health Care-Research Institute, Block E, RI-MUHC, EM3.2219, 1001 Boulevard Décarie, Montréal, QC, H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - Yuanyi Li
- Meakins-Christie Laboratories, McGill University and the McGill University Health Care-Research Institute, Block E, RI-MUHC, EM3.2219, 1001 Boulevard Décarie, Montréal, QC, H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - Yufa Wang
- Meakins-Christie Laboratories, McGill University and the McGill University Health Care-Research Institute, Block E, RI-MUHC, EM3.2219, 1001 Boulevard Décarie, Montréal, QC, H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - Christine T McCusker
- Meakins-Christie Laboratories, McGill University and the McGill University Health Care-Research Institute, Block E, RI-MUHC, EM3.2219, 1001 Boulevard Décarie, Montréal, QC, H4A 3J1, Canada.
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D'mello KP, Zhao L, Kaser EC, Zhu Z, Xiao H, Wakefield MR, Bai Q, Fang Y. The role of interleukins and the widely studied TNF-α in non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Med Oncol 2021; 38:56. [PMID: 33835307 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-021-01504-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 03/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma is a relatively common cancer with malignant tendencies. Although there is no current cure for the disease, research has been successful in figuring out the mechanisms of how the disease progresses, however, there is still a lot of unknowns, and more research must be done to find the ultimate cause of the disease. Interleukins and various cytokines play unique roles in the development of cancer. This review article summarizes the pathophysiology between certain interleukins and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Although TNF-α is not an interleukin, the article examines TNF-α due to its high correspondence with cancer. The article also describes a promising immunotherapy for the disease, while looking at immunotherapies that have been successful in other types of cancer and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle P D'mello
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Des Moines University College of Osteopathic Medicine, Des Moines, IA, 50312, USA
| | - Lei Zhao
- The Department of Respiratory Medicine, The 2nd People's Hospital of Hefei and Hefei Hospital Affiliated to Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Erin C Kaser
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Des Moines University College of Osteopathic Medicine, Des Moines, IA, 50312, USA
| | - Ziwen Zhu
- Department of Surgery, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO, 65212, USA
| | - Huaping Xiao
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Des Moines University College of Osteopathic Medicine, Des Moines, IA, 50312, USA.,The Affiliated Hospital of Xiangnan University, Chenzhou, Hunan, China
| | - Mark R Wakefield
- Department of Surgery, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO, 65212, USA
| | - Qian Bai
- Department of Surgery, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO, 65212, USA
| | - Yujiang Fang
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Des Moines University College of Osteopathic Medicine, Des Moines, IA, 50312, USA. .,Department of Surgery, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO, 65212, USA.
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Interleukin-4 Induces the Release of Opioid Peptides from M1 Macrophages in Pathological Pain. J Neurosci 2021; 41:2870-2882. [PMID: 33593854 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.3040-20.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2020] [Revised: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Interleukin-4 (IL-4) is an anti-inflammatory cytokine, which can be protective in inflammatory and neurologic disorders, and can alleviate pain. Classically, IL-4 diminishes pain by blocking the production of proinflammatory cytokines. Here, we uncovered that IL-4 induces acute antinociception by IL-4 receptor α (IL-4Rα)-dependent release of opioid peptides from M1 macrophages at injured nerves. As a model of pathologic pain, we used a chronic constriction injury (CCI) of the sciatic nerve in male mice. A single application of IL-4 at the injured nerves (14 d following CCI) attenuated mechanical hypersensitivity evaluated by von Frey filaments, which was reversed by co-injected antibody to IL-4Rα, antibodies to opioid peptides such as Met-enkephalin (ENK), β-endorphin and dynorphin A 1-17, and selective antagonists of δ-opioid, µ-opioid, and κ-opioid receptors. Injured nerves were predominately infiltrated by proinflammatory M1 macrophages and IL-4 did not change their numbers or the phenotype, assessed by flow cytometry and qRT-PCR, respectively. Macrophages isolated from damaged nerves by immunomagnetic separation (IMS) and stimulated with IL-4 dose dependently secreted all three opioid peptides measured by immunoassays. The IL-4-induced release of ENK was diminished by IL-4Rα antibody, intracellular Ca2+ chelator, and inhibitors of protein kinase A (PKA), phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K), and ryanodine receptors. Together, we identified a new opioid mechanism underlying the IL-4-induced antinociception that involves PKA-mediated, PI3K-mediated, ryanodine receptor-mediated, and intracellular Ca2+-mediated release from M1 macrophages of opioid peptides, which activate peripheral opioid receptors in injured tissue.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Interleukin-4 (IL-4) is an anti-inflammatory cytokine, which can ameliorate pain. The IL-4-mediated effects are considered to mostly result from the inhibition of the production of proinflammatory mediators (e.g., IL-1β, tumor necrosis factor, prostaglandin E2). Here, we found that IL-4 injected at the injured nerves attenuates pain by releasing opioid peptides from the infiltrating macrophages in mice. The opioids were secreted by IL-4 in the intracellular Ca2+-dependent manner and activated local peripheral opioid receptors. These actions represent a novel mode of IL-4 action, since its releasing properties have not been so far reported. Importantly, our findings suggest that the IL-4-opioid system should be targeted in the peripheral damaged tissue, since this can be devoid of central and systemic side effects.
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Shi J, Song X, Traub B, Luxenhofer M, Kornmann M. Involvement of IL-4, IL-13 and Their Receptors in Pancreatic Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22062998. [PMID: 33804263 PMCID: PMC8000536 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22062998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Revised: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Interleukin (IL)-4 and IL-13 are known as pleiotropic Th2 cytokines with a wide range of biological properties and functions especially in immune responses. In addition, increasing activities have also been determined in oncogenesis and tumor progression of several malignancies. It is now generally accepted that IL-4 and IL-13 can exert effects on epithelial tumor cells through corresponding receptors. Type II IL-4 receptor (IL-4Rα/IL-13Rα1), predominantly expressed in non-hematopoietic cells, is identified to be the main target for both IL-4 and IL-13 in tumors. Moreover, IL-13 can also signal by binding to the IL-13Rα2 receptor. Structural similarity due to the use of the same receptor complex generated in response to IL-4/IL-13 results in overlapping but also distinct signaling pathways and functions. The aim of this review was to summarize knowledge about IL-4 and IL-13 and their receptors in pancreatic cancer in order understand the implication of IL-4 and IL-13 and their receptors for pancreatic tumorigenesis and progression and for developing possible new diagnostic and therapeutic targets.
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Vacchelli E, Galluzzi L, Eggermont A, Galon J, Tartour E, Zitvogel L, Kroemer G. Trial Watch: Immunostimulatory cytokines. Oncoimmunology 2021; 1:493-506. [PMID: 22754768 PMCID: PMC3382908 DOI: 10.4161/onci.20459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
During the last two decades, a number of approaches for the activation of the immune system against cancer has been developed. These include highly specific interventions, such as monoclonal antibodies, vaccines and cell-based therapies, as well as relatively unselective strategies, such as the systemic administration of adjuvants and immunomodulatory cytokines. Cytokines constitute a huge group of proteins that, taken together, regulate not only virtually all the aspects of innate and cognate immunity, but also several other cellular and organismal functions. Cytokines operate via specific transmembrane receptors that are expressed on the plasma membrane of target cells and, depending on multiple variables, can engage autocrine, paracrine or endocrine signaling pathways. The most appropriate term for defining the cytokine network is “pleiotropic”: cytokines are produced by - and operate on - multiple, often overlapping, cell types, triggering context-depend biological outcomes as diverse as cell proliferation, chemotaxis, differentiation, inflammation, elimination of pathogens and cell death. Moreover, cytokines often induce the release of additional cytokines, thereby engaging self-amplificatory or self-inhibitory signaling cascades. In this Trial Watch, we will summarize the biological properties of cytokines and discuss the progress of ongoing clinical studies evaluating their safety and efficacy as immunomodulatory agents against cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika Vacchelli
- INSERM; U848; Villejuif, France ; Université Paris-Sud/Paris XI; Paris, France
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Wong SW, Ting YW, Yong YK, Tan HY, Barathan M, Riazalhosseini B, Bee CJ, Tee KK, Larsson M, Velu V, Shankar EM, Mohamed R. Chronic inflammation involves CCL11 and IL-13 to facilitate the development of liver cirrhosis and fibrosis in chronic hepatitis B virus infection. Scandinavian Journal of Clinical and Laboratory Investigation 2021; 81:147-159. [PMID: 33528280 DOI: 10.1080/00365513.2021.1876245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The pathogenesis involving non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in the context of chronic HBV (CHB) virus infection requires to be understood for developing improved modalities of diagnosis and treatment. We retrospectively investigated the association between NAFLD and CHB virus infection in the context of liver fibrosis. Among the 522 consecutive CHB patients who underwent transient elastography between years 2013 and 2016, we studied 455 subjects in the current investigation. Controlled attenuation parameter (CAP) and liver stiffness measurement (LSM) scores were generally higher in patients with steatosis and fibrosis or cirrhosis. Antiviral treatment had significantly reduced the hepatitis B virus (HBV) viral load. Other liver function markers showed a significant positive correlation with both CAP and LSM scores. Plasma IL-13 was independently associated with increased CAP score where every increase of 1 unit of IL-13 was associated with an increase in CAP score by 0.98 unit. CCL11 was independently associated with LSM with every increase of CCL11 by a unit that, in turn, was associated with an increase of LSM score. We found that there was a high concurrence of NAFLD among patients with CHB virus infection. The presence of metabolic syndrome and chronic inflammation in CHB virus-infected patients were two independent factors that led to the progression of liver cirrhosis, with IL-13 playing the key role in linking the metabolic with the inflammatory components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sui-Weng Wong
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Yi-Wen Ting
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Yean-Kong Yong
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.,Laboratory Centre, Xiamen University Malaysia, Sepang, Malaysia
| | - Hong-Yien Tan
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.,Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xiamen University Malaysia, Sepang, Malaysia
| | - Muttiah Barathan
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Behnaz Riazalhosseini
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.,Department of Microbiology, College of Basic Science, Shahr-e-Qods Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Chook Jack Bee
- School of Healthcare and Medical Sciences, Sunway University, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Kok-Keng Tee
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Marie Larsson
- Division of Molecular Medicine and Virology, Department of Biomedicine and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Vijayakumar Velu
- Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory Vaccine Center, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Esaki M Shankar
- Infection Biology, Department of Life Sciences, Central University of Tamil Nadu, Thiruvarur, India
| | - Rosmawati Mohamed
- Gastroenterology Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Malaya Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Khan MA, Khan ZA, Charles M, Pratap P, Naeem A, Siddiqui Z, Naqvi N, Srivastava S. Cytokine Storm and Mucus Hypersecretion in COVID-19: Review of Mechanisms. J Inflamm Res 2021; 14:175-189. [PMID: 33519225 PMCID: PMC7838037 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s271292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Mucus is an integral part of the respiratory physiology. It protects the respiratory tract by acting as a physical barrier against inhaled particles and microbes. Excessive inflammation in conditions such as COVID-19 can result in over-production of mucus which obstructs the airway. Build-up of mucus can also contribute to recurrent airway infection, causing further obstruction. This article summarizes the current understanding and knowledge of respiratory mucus production and proposes the role of cytokine storm in inducing sudden mucus hypersecretion in COVID-19. Based on these cascades, the active constituents that inhibit or activate several potential targets are outlined for further research. These may be explored for the discovery and design of drugs to combat cytokine storm and its ensuing complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohsin Ali Khan
- Reseach & Development Department, Era's Lucknow Medical College & Hospital, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Zaw Ali Khan
- Reseach & Development Department, Era's Lucknow Medical College & Hospital, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Mark Charles
- Metabolic Research Unit, Era's Lucknow Medical College & Hospital, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Pushpendra Pratap
- Metabolic Research Unit, Era's Lucknow Medical College & Hospital, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Abdul Naeem
- Metabolic Research Unit, Era's Lucknow Medical College & Hospital, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Zainab Siddiqui
- Department of Pathology, Era's Lucknow Medical College & Hospital, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Nigar Naqvi
- Department of Nutrition, Era's Lucknow Medical College & Hospital, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Shikha Srivastava
- Department of Nutrition, Era's Lucknow Medical College & Hospital, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Abstract
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a prevalent inflammatory skin disease. IL-13 contributes significantly to the pathogenesis of AD in several ways, and beneficial results have been demonstrated with anti-IL-13 therapies. Currently, the only monoclonal antibody (mAb) approved for AD treatment is dupilumab, an antagonist of the IL-4 receptor alpha (IL-4Rα) subunit common to IL-4 and IL-13 receptors, but clinical trials evaluating anti-IL-13 mAbs are providing promising results. The topics of this review will be mAbs targeting IL-13 for the treatment of AD such as dupilumab, tralokinumab and lebrikizumab, small molecules targeting the IL-13 pathway, and a brief explanation of therapies targeting IL-13 for the treatment of other skin diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Tubau
- Department of Dermatology, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona Mas Casanovas 90, Barcelona 08041, Spain
| | - Lluís Puig
- Department of Dermatology, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona Mas Casanovas 90, Barcelona 08041, Spain
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Yang T, Wang R, Liu H, Wang L, Li J, Wu S, Chen X, Yang X, Zhao Y. Berberine regulates macrophage polarization through IL-4-STAT6 signaling pathway in Helicobacter pylori-induced chronic atrophic gastritis. Life Sci 2020; 266:118903. [PMID: 33340526 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.118903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Revised: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
AIMS We will investigate the anti-inflammatory activities of berberine (BBR) in treating chronic atrophic gastritis (CAG) induced by Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori). Furthermore, the underlying molecular mechanisms of BBR also will be explored systematically. MATERIALS AND METHODS Rats were infected by H. pylori. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and H. pylori were applied to induce M1 Mφs polarization, interleukin 4 (IL-4) and BBR were used to induce M2 Mφs polarization. Supernatants of polarized Mφs were collected as conditioned media (CM) for investigating the impact of Mφs and its' secreted cytokine on gastric epithelial cells (GES-1). Cell viability, morphology, proliferation, and quantitative analysis of RAW 264.7 cells and GES-1 cells were detected by high-content screening (HCS) imaging assay. To further investigate the potential mechanisms of BBR, relative mRNA, immunohistochemistry and protein expression were measured. KEY FINDINGS BBR inhibited M1-polarized Mφs, which was induced by H. pylori and LPS, and advocated M2-polarized Mφs. The M1-specific markers (TNF-α and IFN-γ) in supernatants were reduced significantly and M2 specific markers (TGF-β and IL-10) were increased obviously under BBR intervention. In addition, BBR significantly protected GES-1 from M1-polarized Mφs injury. The mRNA expression of M1-polarized Mφs, including TNF-α, NOS2, CCR7, and IRF-8, were suppressed by BBR administration and the mRNA expression of M2-polarized Mφs, including IL-4, STAT6, IL-10 and Chil3, were increased by BBR intervention. Meanwhile, BBR activated IL-4-STAT6 signaling pathway in vivo and in vitro when H. pylori infection and presented anti-inflammatory activities. SIGNIFICANCE BBR promotes M2-polarized Mφs when H. pylori infection. The anti-inflammatory properties of BBR tightly related to M1-polarized Mφs inhibition and M2-polarized Mφs promotion. BBR activates IL-4-STAT6 signaling pathway, which is crucial exceedingly in M2 Mφs activation and anti-inflammatory response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100039, PR China
| | - Ruilin Wang
- Integrative Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100039, PR China
| | - Honghong Liu
- Department of Policlinic, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100039, PR China
| | - Lifu Wang
- Integrative Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100039, PR China; College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, PR China
| | - Jianyu Li
- Integrative Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100039, PR China; Colorectal and Anal Surgery, Chengdu Anorectal Hospital, No 152 Daqiang East Street, Taisheng South Road, Chengdu 610075, PR China
| | - Shihua Wu
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, PR China
| | - Xing Chen
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, PR China
| | - Xiangdong Yang
- Colorectal and Anal Surgery, Chengdu Anorectal Hospital, No 152 Daqiang East Street, Taisheng South Road, Chengdu 610075, PR China.
| | - Yanling Zhao
- Department of Pharmacy, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100039, PR China.
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49
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Tubau C, Puig L. Therapeutic targeting of the IL-13 pathway in skin inflammation. Expert Rev Clin Immunol 2020; 17:15-25. [PMID: 33275064 DOI: 10.1080/1744666x.2020.1858802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a heterogeneous, chronic, inflammatory skin disease with a non-negligible prevalence at present. Its pathogenesis is complex, but mainly characterized by constitutive T helper type 2 (Th2)-cell activation. Systemic therapies for moderate-to-severe AD can be associated with adverse events that encumber their satisfactory long-term use. Several drugs targeting relevant molecules in the immunopathogenesis of AD have been approved or are under clinical development for the treatment of moderate to severe AD. To elaborate this review, literature searches were performed in PubMed on 29 August 2020.Areas covered: This narrative literature review is focused on the pivotal role of IL-13 in the immunopathogenesis of AD and other skin diseases.Expert opinion: Dupilumab has demonstrated the central role of IL-13 and IL-4 in the pathogenesis of AD, asthma, and other diseases in the atopic spectrum. In addition, phase III randomized clinical trials (RCTs) evaluating specific blockade of IL-13 with tralokinumab for treatment of AD also demonstrated favorable results, and phase III RCT evaluating lebrikizumab are ongoing. The role of IL-13 in other skin diseases should be further investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Tubau
- Dermatology Department, Hospital De La Santa Creu I Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma De Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lluís Puig
- Dermatology Department, Hospital De La Santa Creu I Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma De Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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50
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Hua L, Yang F, Chen Q, Liu Q, Ji R, Liu H, Ye J, Zhang J, Zhang J, Bao Y. Association of a four-gene model with allergic diseases: Two-year follow-up of a birth cohort study. IMMUNITY INFLAMMATION AND DISEASE 2020; 9:239-245. [PMID: 33277970 PMCID: PMC7860525 DOI: 10.1002/iid3.385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Background Our previous study has developed a four‐gene model involving IL13 rs20541, IL4 rs2243250, ADRB2 rs1042713, and FCER1B rs569108 associated with asthma and atopy in Chinese Han children. However, whether the gene model is associated with allergies in early life has yet to be determined. This study aimed to apply the gene model in a birth cohort to investigate its associations with the development of allergic diseases in Chinese Han toddlers. Methods Five hundred and ninety‐seven children from a birth cohort completing 2‐year follow‐up were included. Epidemiologic information and cord blood were collected. Children were genotyped for the above polymorphisms and divided into high or low genetic risk groups based on the genotypes. Subjects were followed at 6, 12, and 24 months, with information on allergic diseases collected via standard questionnaires and assessed by specialists. Results Two hundred and eighty‐four children were divided into a high‐risk group and 313 into a low‐risk group. Between the two groups, a significant difference was only found in delivery mode among all the subject characteristics (p = .025). After stratification for delivery mode, children at high risk were more likely to develop eczema (relative risk [RR] = 1.46, p = .040) over 2 years of follow‐up compared with those at low risk. No significant associations were found between genetic risk and food allergy, wheezing and allergic rhinitis (p > .05). Conclusion The gene model was significantly associated with the development of eczema in Chinese Han toddlers. Long‐term follow‐up along with functional and replication studies on the gene model are still needed in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Hua
- Department of Pediatric Pulmonology, Xin Hua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Fen Yang
- Department of Pediatric Pulmonology, Xin Hua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qian Chen
- Ministry of Education-Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health, Xin Hua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Quanhua Liu
- Department of Pediatric Pulmonology, Xin Hua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ruoxu Ji
- Department of Pediatric Pulmonology, Xin Hua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Haipei Liu
- Department of Pediatric Pulmonology, Xin Hua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianmin Ye
- Department of Pediatric Pulmonology, Xin Hua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Ministry of Education-Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health, Xin Hua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianhua Zhang
- Department of Pediatric Pulmonology, Xin Hua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yixiao Bao
- Department of Pediatric Pulmonology, Xin Hua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Tonxin Pediatric Clinic, Shanghai, China
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