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Moradipoor F, Jivad N, Asgharzadeh S, Zare E, Amini-Khoei H. Neuroimmune response and oxidative stress in the prefrontal cortex mediate seizure susceptibility in experimental colitis in male mice. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2024; 38:e23755. [PMID: 38923727 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.23755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2024] [Revised: 05/18/2024] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic gastrointestinal disorder. Oxidative stress and inflammatory responses have a vital role in the pathophysiology of IBD as well as seizure. IBD is associated with extraintestinal manifestations. This study aimed to explore the relationship between colitis and susceptibility to seizures, with a focus on the roles of neuroinflammation and oxidative stress in acetic acid-induced colitis in mice. Forty male Naval Medical Research Institute mice were divided into four groups: control, colitis, pentylenetetrazole (PTZ), and colitis + PTZ. Colitis was induced by intrarectal administration of acetic acid, and seizures were induced by intravenous injection of PTZ 7 days postcolitis induction. Following the measurement of latency to seizure, the mice were killed, and their colons and prefrontal cortex (PFC) were dissected. Gene expression of inflammatory markers including interleukin-1β, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, NOD-like receptor protein 3, and toll-like receptor 4, as well as total antioxidant capacity (TAC), malondialdehyde (MDA), and nitrite levels were measured in the colon and PFC. Histopathological evaluations were performed on the colon samples. Data were analyzed by t-test or one-way variance analysis. Colitis decreased latency to seizure, increased gene expression of inflammatory markers, and altered levels of MDA, nitrite, and TAC in both the colon and PFC. Simultaneous induction of colitis and seizure exacerbated the neuroimmune response and oxidative stress in the PFC and colon. Results concluded that neuroinflammation and oxidative stress in the PFC at least partially mediate the comorbid decrease in seizure latency in mice with colitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fahimeh Moradipoor
- Student Research Committee, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Nahid Jivad
- Medical Plants Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Samira Asgharzadeh
- Medical Plants Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Ehsan Zare
- Medical Plants Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Hossein Amini-Khoei
- Medical Plants Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
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2
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Mignini I, Blasi V, Termite F, Esposto G, Borriello R, Laterza L, Scaldaferri F, Ainora ME, Gasbarrini A, Zocco MA. Fibrostenosing Crohn's Disease: Pathogenetic Mechanisms and New Therapeutic Horizons. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:6326. [PMID: 38928032 PMCID: PMC11204249 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25126326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2024] [Revised: 05/30/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Bowel strictures are well recognized as one of the most severe complications in Crohn's disease, with variable impacts on the prognosis and often needing surgical or endoscopic treatment. Distinguishing inflammatory strictures from fibrotic ones is of primary importance due to the different therapeutic approaches required. Indeed, to better understand the pathogenesis of fibrosis, it is crucial to investigate molecular processes involving genetic factors, cytokines, alteration of the intestinal barrier, and epithelial and endothelial damage, leading to an increase in extracellular matrix synthesis, which ultimately ends in fibrosis. In such a complex mechanism, the gut microbiota also seems to play a role. A better comprehension of molecular processes underlying bowel fibrosis, in addition to radiological and histopathological findings, has led to the identification of high-risk patients for personalized follow-up and testing of new therapies, primarily in preclinical models, targeting specific pathways involving Transforming Growth Factor-β, interleukins, extracellular matrix balance, and gut microbiota. Our review aims to summarize current evidence about molecular factors involved in intestinal fibrosis' pathogenesis, paving the way for potential diagnostic biomarkers or anti-fibrotic treatments for stricturing Crohn's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Maria Assunta Zocco
- CEMAD Digestive Diseases Center, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “A. Gemelli” IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Largo A. Gemelli 8, 00168 Rome, Italy; (I.M.); (V.B.); (G.E.); (R.B.); (L.L.); (F.S.); (M.E.A.); (A.G.)
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3
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Lin H, Li X, Gao H, Hu W, Yu S, Li X, Lei L, Yang F. The role of gut microbiota in mediating increased toxicity of nano-sized polystyrene compared to micro-sized polystyrene in mice. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 358:142275. [PMID: 38719125 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.142275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 05/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
Microplastics (MPs) are widespread environmental contaminants that have been detected in animals and humans. However, their toxic effects on terrestrial mammals and the underlying mechanisms are still not well understood. Herein, we explored the role of gut microbiota in mediating the toxicity of micro- and nano-sized polystyrene plastics (PS-MPs/PS-NPs) using an antibiotic depleted mice model. The results showed that PS-MPs and PS-NPs exposure disrupted the composition and structure of the gut microbiota. Specifically, these particles led to an increase in pathogenic Esherichia-shigella, while depleting probiotics such as Akkermansia and Lactobacillus. Comparatively, PS-NPs particles had more pronounced effect, leading to obviously shifted the colon transcriptional profiles characterized by inducing the enrichment of colon metabolism and immune-related pathways (i.e., upregulated in genes like udgh, ugt1a1, ugt1a6a, ugt1a7c and ugt2b34). Additionally, both PS-MPs and PS-NPs induced oxidative stress, gut-liver damage and systemic inflammation in mice. Mechanistically, we confirmed that PS particles disturbed gut microbiota, activating TLR2-My88-NF-κB pathway to trigger the release of inflammatory cytokine IL-1β and TNF-α. The damage and inflammation caused by both size of PS particles was alleviated when the gut microbiota was depleted. In conclusion, our findings deepen the understanding of the molecule mechanisms by which gut microbiota mediate the toxicity of PS particles, informing health implications of MPs pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huai Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China; Shenzhen Research Institute of Nanjing University, Shenzhen 518000, China
| | - Xin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Huihui Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China; School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Wenjin Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Shenbo Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Xi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Liusheng Lei
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Fengxia Yang
- Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture and Tural Affairs, Tianjin 300191, China.
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4
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Williamson KA, Yun M, Koster MJ, Arment C, Patnaik A, Chang TW, Bledsoe AC, Sae-Tia S, Shah AS, Samuels J, Davis JM, Yao Q. Susceptibility of nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain 2 mutations to Whipple's disease. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2024; 63:1291-1296. [PMID: 37467078 DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/kead372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Whipple's disease (WD) results from infection of the bacteria Tropheryma whipplei (TW). This disease is characterized by macrophage infiltration of intestinal mucosa and primarily affects Caucasian males. Genetic studies of host susceptibility are scarce. Nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain containing protein 2 (NOD2) is an innate immune sensor, resides mainly in monocytes/macrophages and contributes to defence against infection and inflammatory regulation. NOD2 mutations are associated with autoinflammatory diseases. We report the association of NOD2 mutations with TW and WD for the first time. METHODS A multicentre, retrospective study of three patients with WD was conducted. Patients received extensive multidisciplinary evaluations and were cared for by the authors. NOD2 and its association with infection and inflammation were schematically represented. RESULTS All patients were Caucasian men and presented with years of autoinflammatory phenotypes, including recurrent fever, rash, inflammatory arthritis, gastrointestinal symptoms and elevated inflammatory markers. All patients underwent molecular testing using a gene panel for periodic fever syndromes and were identified to carry NOD2 mutations associated with NOD2-associated autoinflammatory disease. Despite initially negative gastrointestinal evaluations, repeat endoscopy with duodenal tissue biopsy ultimately confirmed WD. After initial ceftriaxone and maintenance with doxycycline and/or HCQ, symptoms were largely controlled, though mild relapses occurred in follow-up. CONCLUSION Both NOD2 and TW/WD are intensively involved in monocytes/macrophages. WD is regarded as a macrophage disease. NOD2 leucin-rich repeat-associated mutations in monocytes/macrophages cause functional impairment of these cells and consequently may make the host susceptible for TW infection and WD, especially in the setting of immunosuppression.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mark Yun
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Stony Brook University Renaissance School of Medicine, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | | | | | - Asha Patnaik
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Stony Brook University Renaissance School of Medicine, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Tara W Chang
- Pathology, Boston Scientific, Alpharetta, GA, USA
| | - Adam C Bledsoe
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Sutthichai Sae-Tia
- Division of Infectious Disease, Stony Brook University Renaissance School of Medicine, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Aditya S Shah
- Division of Public Health, Infectious Diseases and Occupational Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | | | - John M Davis
- Division of Rheumatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Qingping Yao
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Stony Brook University Renaissance School of Medicine, Stony Brook, NY, USA
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5
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Didriksen BJ, Eshleman EM, Alenghat T. Epithelial regulation of microbiota-immune cell dynamics. Mucosal Immunol 2024; 17:303-313. [PMID: 38428738 DOI: 10.1016/j.mucimm.2024.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024]
Abstract
The mammalian gastrointestinal tract hosts a diverse community of trillions of microorganisms, collectively termed the microbiota, which play a fundamental role in regulating tissue physiology and immunity. Recent studies have sought to dissect the cellular and molecular mechanisms mediating communication between the microbiota and host immune system. Epithelial cells line the intestine and form an initial barrier separating the microbiota from underlying immune cells, and disruption of epithelial function has been associated with various conditions ranging from infection to inflammatory bowel diseases and cancer. From several studies, it is now clear that epithelial cells integrate signals from commensal microbes. Importantly, these non-hematopoietic cells also direct regulatory mechanisms that instruct the recruitment and function of microbiota-sensitive immune cells. In this review, we discuss the central role that has emerged for epithelial cells in orchestrating intestinal immunity and highlight epithelial pathways through which the microbiota can calibrate tissue-intrinsic immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bailey J Didriksen
- Division of Immunobiology and Center for Inflammation and Tolerance, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA; Immunology Graduate Program, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Emily M Eshleman
- Division of Immunobiology and Center for Inflammation and Tolerance, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.
| | - Theresa Alenghat
- Division of Immunobiology and Center for Inflammation and Tolerance, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.
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Wang J, Sun M, Liu X, Yan Q, Gao Q, Ni K, Yang J, Zhang S, Zhang C, Shan C. Transcriptome analysis identifies genetic risk markers and explores the pathogenesis for inflammatory bowel disease. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2024; 1870:167013. [PMID: 38199515 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2023.167013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is an incurable and disabling bowel disease driven by multiple risk factors that severely limit patients' quality of life. We integrated the RNA-sequencing data of 1238 IBD patients, and investigated the pathogenesis of IBD by combining transcriptional element prediction analysis and immune-related analysis. Here, we first determined that KIAA1109 is inhibited in IBD patients. The expression of KIAA1109 and NOD2, the key receptor of NOD-like receptors, showed a negative correlation. The NOD-like receptor signaling pathway is activated and exerts transcriptional regulation on the chemokines CXCL1 and CXCL2 through the activation of the transcription factors NFκB and AP1. Analysis of immune infiltration revealed that the expression of chemokines CXCL1 and CXCL2 may regulate the inflammatory response induced by immune cells. These findings suggest that the KIAA1109-NOD2-NFκB/AP1-CXCL1/CXCL2 regulatory axis is the molecular mechanism of IBD pathogenesis, which will provide a new perspective for the diagnosis, treatment and management of IBD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiyan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Mingming Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Xu Liu
- Endoscopy Center, Tianjin Union Medical Center, Tianjin 300121, China
| | - Qi Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Qingle Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Kemin Ni
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Tianjin Union Medical Center, Tianjin 300121, China
| | - Juze Yang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital and Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310016, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shuai Zhang
- School of Integrative Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Chunze Zhang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Tianjin Union Medical Center, Tianjin 300121, China; Tianjin Institute of Coloproctology, Tianjin 300121, China.
| | - Changliang Shan
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China.
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7
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Chen D, Zhu H, Lu L, Chen Y, Zhang X, Huang X, Ouyang P, Geng Y, Li Z. Identification, characterization and the inflammatory regulating effect of NOD1/2 in sturgeon. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2024; 146:109407. [PMID: 38281612 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2024.109407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
As an ancient species with both conservation and commercial value, Sturgeon's inflammatory regulation mechanism is a research point. Nucleotide-binding and oligomerization domain-containing proteins 1 and 2 (NOD1/2) are classical intracellular pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) in immunity of anti-bacterial infection. However, the characterization and function of NOD1/2 in Sturgeon are still unclear. In this study, we analyzed the synteny relationship of NOD1/2 genes between Acipenser ruthenus and representative fishes at the genome-level. Results showed that the ArNOD2 collinear genes pair was present in all representative fishes. The duplicated ArNOD1/2 genes were under purifying selection during evolution as indicated by their Ka/Ks values. To explore the function of NOD1/2, we further investigated their expression patterns and the effects of pathogenic infection, PAMPs treatment, and siRNA interference in Acipenser baerii, the sibling species of A. ruthenus. Results showed that both AbNOD1/2 were expressed at early developmental stages and in different tissues. Pathogenic infection in vivo and PAMPs treatment in vitro demonstrated that AbNOD1/2 could respond to pathogen stimulation. siRNA interference with AbNOD1/2 inhibited expression levels of RIPK2 and inflammatory cytokines compared to the control group after iE-DAP or MDP treatment. This study hinted that the AbNOD1/2 could stimulate the inflammatory cytokines response during evolutionary processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Defang Chen
- Aquaculture Department, College of Animal Science & Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Hao Zhu
- Aquaculture Department, College of Animal Science & Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Lu Lu
- Aquaculture Department, College of Animal Science & Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Yinqiu Chen
- Aquaculture Department, College of Animal Science & Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Aquaculture Department, College of Animal Science & Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Xiaoli Huang
- Aquaculture Department, College of Animal Science & Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Ping Ouyang
- Basic Veterinary Department, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Yi Geng
- Basic Veterinary Department, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Zhiqiong Li
- Aquaculture Department, College of Animal Science & Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China.
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Di Vincenzo F, Del Gaudio A, Petito V, Lopetuso LR, Scaldaferri F. Gut microbiota, intestinal permeability, and systemic inflammation: a narrative review. Intern Emerg Med 2024; 19:275-293. [PMID: 37505311 PMCID: PMC10954893 DOI: 10.1007/s11739-023-03374-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
The intestine is the largest interface between the internal body and the external environment. The intestinal barrier is a dynamic system influenced by the composition of the intestinal microbiome and the activity of intercellular connections, regulated by hormones, dietary components, inflammatory mediators, and the enteric nervous system (ENS). Over the years, it has become increasingly evident that maintaining a stable intestinal barrier is crucial to prevent various potentially harmful substances and pathogens from entering the internal environment. Disruption of the barrier is referred to as 'leaky gut' or leaky gut wall syndrome and seems to be characterized by the release of bacterial metabolites and endotoxins, such as lipopolysaccharide (LPS), into the circulation. This condition, mainly caused by bacterial infections, oxidative stress, high-fat diet, exposure to alcohol or chronic allergens, and dysbiosis, appear to be highly connected with the development and/or progression of several metabolic and autoimmune systemic diseases, including obesity, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), neurodegeneration, cardiovascular disease, inflammatory bowel disease, and type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1D). In this review, starting from a description of the mechanisms that enable barrier homeostasis and analyzing the relationship between this complex ecosystem and various pathological conditions, we explore the role of the gut barrier in driving systemic inflammation, also shedding light on current and future therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Di Vincenzo
- UOS Malattie Infiammatorie Croniche Intestinali, Centro Malattie Apparato Digerente (CeMAD), Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche e Chirurgiche, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "A. Gemelli" IRCCS, L.go A. Gemelli 8, Rome, Italy.
- Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia Traslazionale, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, L.go F. Vito 1, Rome, Italy.
| | - Angelo Del Gaudio
- UOS Malattie Infiammatorie Croniche Intestinali, Centro Malattie Apparato Digerente (CeMAD), Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche e Chirurgiche, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "A. Gemelli" IRCCS, L.go A. Gemelli 8, Rome, Italy
- Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia Traslazionale, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, L.go F. Vito 1, Rome, Italy
| | - Valentina Petito
- UOS Malattie Infiammatorie Croniche Intestinali, Centro Malattie Apparato Digerente (CeMAD), Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche e Chirurgiche, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "A. Gemelli" IRCCS, L.go A. Gemelli 8, Rome, Italy
| | - Loris Riccardo Lopetuso
- UOS Malattie Infiammatorie Croniche Intestinali, Centro Malattie Apparato Digerente (CeMAD), Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche e Chirurgiche, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "A. Gemelli" IRCCS, L.go A. Gemelli 8, Rome, Italy
| | - Franco Scaldaferri
- UOS Malattie Infiammatorie Croniche Intestinali, Centro Malattie Apparato Digerente (CeMAD), Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche e Chirurgiche, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "A. Gemelli" IRCCS, L.go A. Gemelli 8, Rome, Italy
- Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia Traslazionale, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, L.go F. Vito 1, Rome, Italy
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9
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Chaudhry WAR, Ashfaq M, Kaur P, Kumar M, Faraz M, Malik J, Mehmoodi A. Cardiovascular risk assessment in inflammatory bowel disease with coronary calcium score. Ann Med Surg (Lond) 2024; 86:1496-1505. [PMID: 38463108 PMCID: PMC10923345 DOI: 10.1097/ms9.0000000000001652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The interplay between inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) underscores the intricate connections between chronic inflammation and cardiovascular health. This review explores the multifaceted relationship between these conditions, highlighting the emerging significance of the coronary calcium score as a pivotal tool in risk assessment and management. Chronic inflammation, a hallmark of IBD, has far-reaching systemic effects that extend to the cardiovascular system. Shared risk factors and mechanisms, such as endothelial dysfunction, lipid dysfunction, and microbiome dysregulation, contribute to the elevated ASCVD risk observed in individuals with IBD. Amidst this landscape, the coronary calcium score emerges as a means to quantify calcified plaque within coronary arteries, offering insights into atherosclerotic burden and potential risk stratification. The integration of the coronary calcium score refines cardiovascular risk assessment, enabling tailored preventive strategies for individuals with IBD. By identifying those at elevated risk, healthcare providers can guide interventions, fostering informed shared decision-making. Research gaps persist, prompting further investigation into mechanisms linking IBD and ASCVD, particularly in the context of intermediate mechanisms and early atherosclerotic changes. The potential of the coronary calcium score extends beyond risk assessment-it holds promise for targeted interventions. Randomized trials exploring the impact of IBD-modifying therapies on ASCVD risk reduction can revolutionize preventive strategies. As precision medicine gains prominence, the coronary calcium score becomes a beacon of insight, illuminating the path toward personalized cardiovascular care for individuals living with IBD. Through interdisciplinary collaboration and rigorous research, we embark on a journey to transform the paradigm of preventive medicine and enhance the well-being of this patient population.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Muhammad Ashfaq
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Cardiovascular Analytics Group, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Parvinder Kaur
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Cardiovascular Analytics Group, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Mahendra Kumar
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Cardiovascular Analytics Group, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Maria Faraz
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Cardiovascular Analytics Group, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Jahanzeb Malik
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Cardiovascular Analytics Group, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Amin Mehmoodi
- Department of Medicine, Ibn e Seena Hospital, Kabul, Afghanistan
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10
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Ondrejčáková L, Gregová M, Bubová K, Šenolt L, Pavelka K. Serum biomarkers and their relationship to axial spondyloarthritis associated with inflammatory bowel diseases. Autoimmun Rev 2024; 23:103512. [PMID: 38168574 DOI: 10.1016/j.autrev.2023.103512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Spondyloarthritis (SpA) constitute a group of chronic inflammatory immune-mediated rheumatic diseases characterized by genetic, clinical, and radiological features. Recent efforts have concentrated on identifying biomarkers linked to axial SpA associated with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), offering predictive insights into disease onset, activity, and progression. Genetically, the significance of the HLA-B27 antigen is notably diminished in ankylosing spondylitis (AS) associated with IBD, but is heightened in concurrent sacroiliitis. Similarly, certain polymorphisms of endoplasmic reticulum aminopeptidase (ERAP-1) appear to be involved. Carriage of variant NOD2/CARD15 polymorphisms has been demonstrated to correlate with the risk of subclinical intestinal inflammation in AS. Biomarkers indicative of pro-inflammatory activity, including C-reactive protein (CRP) along with erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), are among the consistent predictive biomarkers of disease progression. Nevertheless, these markers are not without limitations and exhibit relatively low sensitivity. Other promising markers encompass IL-6, serum calprotectin (s-CLP), serum amyloid (SAA), as well as biomarkers regulating bone formation such as metalloproteinase-3 (MMP-3) and Dickkopf-related protein 1 (DKK-1). Additional candidate indicators of structural changes in SpA patients include matrix metalloproteinase-3 (MMP-3), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), tenascin C (TNC), and CD74 IgG. Fecal caprotein (f-CLP) levels over long-term follow-up of AS patients have demonstrated predictive value in anticipating the development of IBD. Serologic antibodies characteristic of IBD (ASCA, ANCA) have also been compared; however, results exhibit variability. In this review, we will focus on biomarkers associated with both axial SpA and idiopathic intestinal inflammation, notably enteropathic spondyloarthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Ondrejčáková
- Institute of Rheumatology, Prague, Czech Republic; Department of Rheumatology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - M Gregová
- Institute of Rheumatology, Prague, Czech Republic; Department of Rheumatology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - K Bubová
- Institute of Rheumatology, Prague, Czech Republic; Department of Rheumatology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - L Šenolt
- Institute of Rheumatology, Prague, Czech Republic; Department of Rheumatology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - K Pavelka
- Institute of Rheumatology, Prague, Czech Republic; Department of Rheumatology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
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Han JH, Karki R, Malireddi RKS, Mall R, Sarkar R, Sharma BR, Klein J, Berns H, Pisharath H, Pruett-Miller SM, Bae SJ, Kanneganti TD. NINJ1 mediates inflammatory cell death, PANoptosis, and lethality during infection conditions and heat stress. Nat Commun 2024; 15:1739. [PMID: 38409108 PMCID: PMC10897308 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-45466-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Innate immunity provides the first line of defense through multiple mechanisms, including pyrogen production and cell death. While elevated body temperature during infection is beneficial to clear pathogens, heat stress (HS) can lead to inflammation and pathology. Links between pathogen exposure, HS, cytokine release, and inflammation have been observed, but fundamental innate immune mechanisms driving pathology during pathogen exposure and HS remain unclear. Here, we use multiple genetic approaches to elucidate innate immune pathways in infection or LPS and HS models. Our results show that bacteria and LPS robustly increase inflammatory cell death during HS that is dependent on caspase-1, caspase-11, caspase-8, and RIPK3 through the PANoptosis pathway. Caspase-7 also contributes to PANoptosis in this context. Furthermore, NINJ1 is an important executioner of this cell death to release inflammatory molecules, independent of other pore-forming executioner proteins, gasdermin D, gasdermin E, and MLKL. In an in vivo HS model, mortality is reduced by deleting NINJ1 and fully rescued by deleting key PANoptosis molecules. Our findings suggest that therapeutic strategies blocking NINJ1 or its upstream regulators to prevent PANoptosis may reduce the release of inflammatory mediators and benefit patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joo-Hui Han
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, 38105, USA
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Woosuk University, Wanju, 55338, Republic of Korea
| | - Rajendra Karki
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, 38105, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - R K Subbarao Malireddi
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, 38105, USA
| | - Raghvendra Mall
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, 38105, USA
- Biotechnology Research Center, Technology Innovation Institute, Abu Dhabi, P.O. Box 9639, United Arab Emirates
| | - Roman Sarkar
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, 38105, USA
| | - Bhesh Raj Sharma
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, 38105, USA
| | - Jonathon Klein
- Center for Advanced Genome Engineering, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, 38105, USA
| | - Harmut Berns
- Center for Advanced Genome Engineering, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, 38105, USA
| | - Harshan Pisharath
- Animal Resources Center, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, 38105, USA
| | - Shondra M Pruett-Miller
- Center for Advanced Genome Engineering, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, 38105, USA
| | - Sung-Jin Bae
- Department of Molecular Biology and Immunology, College of Medicine, Kosin University, Busan, 49267, Republic of Korea
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12
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Saleem A, Mumtaz PT, Saleem S, Manzoor T, Taban Q, Dar MA, Bhat B, Ahmad SM. Comparative transcriptome analysis of E. coli & Staphylococcus aureus infected goat mammary epithelial cells reveals genes associated with infection. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 126:111213. [PMID: 37995572 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.111213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Revised: 10/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
Mastitis, an inflammatory disease of the mammary gland, imposes a significant financial burden on the dairy sector. However, the specific molecular mechanisms underlying their interactions with goat mammary epithelial cells (GMECs) remain poorly understood. This study aimed to investigate the transcriptomic response of GMECs during infection with E. coli and S. aureus, providing insights into the host-pathogen interactions. Differential expression of gene (DEGs) analysis was done to find genes and pathways dysregulated in the wake of infection. E. coli infection triggered a robust upregulation of immune response genes, including pro-inflammatory chemokines and cytokines as well as genes involved in tissue repair and remodeling. Conversely, S. aureus infection showed a more complex pattern, involving the activation of immune-related gene as well as those involved in autophagy, apoptosis and tissue remodeling. Furthermore, several key pathways, such as Toll-like receptor signaling and cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction, were differentially modulated in response to each pathogen. Understanding the specific responses of GMECs to these pathogens will provide a foundation for understanding the complex dynamics of infection and host response, offering potential avenues for the development of novel strategies to prevent and treat bacterial infections in both animals and humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afnan Saleem
- Division of Animal Biotechnology, FVSc & AH, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences & Technology, Kashmir, India
| | | | - Sahar Saleem
- Division of Animal Biotechnology, FVSc & AH, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences & Technology, Kashmir, India
| | - Tasaduq Manzoor
- Division of Animal Biotechnology, FVSc & AH, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences & Technology, Kashmir, India
| | - Qamar Taban
- Nutrition & Health Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, United States
| | - Mashooq Ahmad Dar
- Neurobiology Center, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Poland
| | - Basharat Bhat
- Division of Animal Biotechnology, FVSc & AH, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences & Technology, Kashmir, India.
| | - Syed Mudasir Ahmad
- Division of Animal Biotechnology, FVSc & AH, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences & Technology, Kashmir, India.
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13
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Coutry N, Gasmi I, Herbert F, Jay P. Mechanisms of intestinal dysbiosis: new insights into tuft cell functions. Gut Microbes 2024; 16:2379624. [PMID: 39042424 PMCID: PMC11268228 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2024.2379624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 07/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Symbiosis between the host and intestinal microbial communities is essential for human health. Disruption in this symbiosis is linked to gastrointestinal diseases, including inflammatory bowel diseases, as well as extra-gastrointestinal diseases. Unbalanced gut microbiome or gut dysbiosis contributes in multiple ways to disease frequency, severity and progression. Microbiome taxonomic profiling and metabolomics approaches greatly improved our understanding of gut dysbiosis features; however, the precise mechanisms involved in gut dysbiosis establishment still need to be clarified. The aim of this review is to present new actors and mechanisms underlying gut dysbiosis formation following parasitic infection or in a context of altered Paneth cells, revealing the existence of a critical crosstalk between Paneth and tuft cells to control microbiome composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie Coutry
- Institute of Functional Genomics (IGF), University of Montpellier, CNRS, Inserm, Montpellier, France
| | - Imène Gasmi
- Institute of Functional Genomics (IGF), University of Montpellier, CNRS, Inserm, Montpellier, France
| | - Fabien Herbert
- Institute of Functional Genomics (IGF), University of Montpellier, CNRS, Inserm, Montpellier, France
| | - Philippe Jay
- Institute of Functional Genomics (IGF), University of Montpellier, CNRS, Inserm, Montpellier, France
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14
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Gurunathan S, Thangaraj P, Kim JH. Postbiotics: Functional Food Materials and Therapeutic Agents for Cancer, Diabetes, and Inflammatory Diseases. Foods 2023; 13:89. [PMID: 38201117 PMCID: PMC10778838 DOI: 10.3390/foods13010089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Postbiotics are (i) "soluble factors secreted by live bacteria, or released after bacterial lysis, such as enzymes, peptides, teichoic acids, peptidoglycan-derived muropeptides, polysaccharides, cell-surface proteins and organic acids"; (ii) "non-viable metabolites produced by microorganisms that exert biological effects on the hosts"; and (iii) "compounds produced by microorganisms, released from food components or microbial constituents, including non-viable cells that, when administered in adequate amounts, promote health and wellbeing". A probiotic- and prebiotic-rich diet ensures an adequate supply of these vital nutrients. During the anaerobic fermentation of organic nutrients, such as prebiotics, postbiotics act as a benevolent bioactive molecule matrix. Postbiotics can be used as functional components in the food industry by offering a number of advantages, such as being added to foods that are harmful to probiotic survival. Postbiotic supplements have grown in popularity in the food, cosmetic, and healthcare industries because of their numerous health advantages. Their classification depends on various factors, including the type of microorganism, structural composition, and physiological functions. This review offers a succinct introduction to postbiotics while discussing their salient features and classification, production, purification, characterization, biological functions, and applications in the food industry. Furthermore, their therapeutic mechanisms as antibacterial, antiviral, antioxidant, anticancer, anti-diabetic, and anti-inflammatory agents are elucidated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangiliyandi Gurunathan
- Department of Biotechnology, Rathinam College of Arts and Science, Eachanari, Coimbatore 641021, Tamil Nadu, India;
| | - Pratheep Thangaraj
- Department of Biotechnology, Rathinam College of Arts and Science, Eachanari, Coimbatore 641021, Tamil Nadu, India;
| | - Jin-Hoi Kim
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
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15
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Sosna B, Aebisher D, Myśliwiec A, Dynarowicz K, Bartusik-Aebisher D, Oleś P, Cieślar G, Kawczyk-Krupka A. Selected Cytokines and Metalloproteinases in Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 25:202. [PMID: 38203373 PMCID: PMC10779120 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25010202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a collective term for two diseases: ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn's disease (CD). There are many factors, e.g., genetic, environmental and immunological, that increase the likelihood of these diseases. Indicators of IBDs include extracellular matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). The aim of this review is to present data on the role of selected cytokines and metalloproteinases in IBD. In recent years, more and more transcriptomic studies are emerging. These studies are improving the characterization of the cytokine microenvironment inside inflamed tissue. It is observed that the levels of several cytokines are consistently increased in inflamed tissue in IBD, both in UC and CD. This review shows that MMPs play a major role in the pathology of inflammatory processes, cancer, and IBD. IBD-associated inflammation is associated with increased expression of MMPs and reduced ability of tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs) to inhibit their action. In IBD patients in tissues that are inflamed, MMPs are produced in excess and TIMP activity is not sufficient to block MMPs. This review is based on our personal selection of the literature that was retrieved by a selective search in PubMed using the terms "Inflammatory bowel disease" and "pathogenesis of Inflammatory bowel diseases" that includes systematic reviews, meta-analyses, and clinical trials. The involvement of the immune system in the pathophysiology of IBD is reviewed in terms of the role of the cytokines and metalloproteinases involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Sosna
- Department of Internal Medicine, Angiology and Physical Medicine, Center for Laser Diagnostics and Therapy, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Batorego 15 Street, 41-902 Bytom, Poland; (B.S.); (P.O.); (G.C.)
| | - David Aebisher
- Department of Photomedicine and Physical Chemistry, Medical College, University of Rzeszów, 35-959 Rzeszów, Poland;
| | - Angelika Myśliwiec
- Center for Innovative Research in Medical and Natural Sciences, Medical College, University of Rzeszów, 35-310 Rzeszów, Poland; (A.M.); (K.D.)
| | - Klaudia Dynarowicz
- Center for Innovative Research in Medical and Natural Sciences, Medical College, University of Rzeszów, 35-310 Rzeszów, Poland; (A.M.); (K.D.)
| | - Dorota Bartusik-Aebisher
- Department of Biochemistry and General Chemistry, Medical College, University of Rzeszów, 35-959 Rzeszów, Poland;
| | - Piotr Oleś
- Department of Internal Medicine, Angiology and Physical Medicine, Center for Laser Diagnostics and Therapy, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Batorego 15 Street, 41-902 Bytom, Poland; (B.S.); (P.O.); (G.C.)
| | - Grzegorz Cieślar
- Department of Internal Medicine, Angiology and Physical Medicine, Center for Laser Diagnostics and Therapy, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Batorego 15 Street, 41-902 Bytom, Poland; (B.S.); (P.O.); (G.C.)
| | - Aleksandra Kawczyk-Krupka
- Department of Internal Medicine, Angiology and Physical Medicine, Center for Laser Diagnostics and Therapy, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Batorego 15 Street, 41-902 Bytom, Poland; (B.S.); (P.O.); (G.C.)
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16
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Sharma A, Achi SC, Ibeawuchi SR, Anandachar MS, Gementera H, Chaudhury U, Usmani F, Vega K, Sayed IM, Das S. The crosstalk between microbial sensors ELMO1 and NOD2 shape intestinal immune responses. Virulence 2023; 14:2171690. [PMID: 36694274 PMCID: PMC9980453 DOI: 10.1080/21505594.2023.2171690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Revised: 12/26/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Microbial sensors play an essential role in maintaining cellular homoeostasis. Our knowledge is limited on how microbial sensing helps in differential immune response and its link to inflammatory diseases. Recently we have confirmed that ELMO1 (Engulfment and Cell Motility Protein-1) present in cytosol is involved in pathogen sensing, engulfment, and intestinal inflammation. Here, we show that ELMO1 interacts with another sensor, NOD2 (Nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-containing protein 2), that recognizes bacterial cell wall component muramyl dipeptide (MDP). The polymorphism of NOD2 is linked to Crohn's disease (CD) pathogenesis. Interestingly, we found that overexpression of ELMO1 and mutant NOD2 (L1007fs) were not able to clear the CD-associated adherent invasive E. coli (AIEC-LF82). The functional implications of ELMO1-NOD2 interaction in epithelial cells were evaluated by using enteroid-derived monolayers (EDMs) from ELMO1 and NOD2 KO mice. Subsequently we also assessed the immune response in J774 macrophages depleted of either ELMO1 or NOD2 or both. The infection of murine EDMs with AIEC-LF82 showed higher bacterial load in ELMO1-KO, NOD2 KO EDMs, and ELMO1 KO EDMs treated with NOD2 inhibitors. The murine macrophage cells showed that the downregulation of ELMO1 and NOD2 is associated with impaired bacterial clearance that is linked to reduce pro-inflammatory cytokines and reactive oxygen species. Our results indicated that the crosstalk between microbial sensors in enteric infection and inflammatory diseases impacts the fate of the bacterial load and disease pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aditi Sharma
- Department of Pathology, University of California San Diego; San Diego, California, USA
| | | | - Stella-Rita Ibeawuchi
- Department of Pathology, University of California San Diego; San Diego, California, USA
| | | | - Hobie Gementera
- Department of Pathology, University of California San Diego; San Diego, California, USA
| | - Uddeep Chaudhury
- Department of Pathology, University of California San Diego; San Diego, California, USA
| | - Fatima Usmani
- Department of Pathology, University of California San Diego; San Diego, California, USA
| | - Kevin Vega
- Department of Pathology, University of California San Diego; San Diego, California, USA
| | - Ibrahim M Sayed
- Department of Pathology, University of California San Diego; San Diego, California, USA
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Soumita Das
- Department of Pathology, University of California San Diego; San Diego, California, USA
- Department of Biomedical and Nutritional Science, University of Massachusetts-Lowell, Lowell, USA
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17
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Wu HY, Kuo CJ, Chou CH, Ho MW, Chen CL, Hsu TS, Chen YC, Chiang-Ni C, Chen YYM, Chiu CH, Lai CH. Clostridium innocuum, an emerging pathogen that induces lipid raft-mediated cytotoxicity. Virulence 2023; 14:2265048. [PMID: 37798913 PMCID: PMC10561569 DOI: 10.1080/21505594.2023.2265048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Clostridium innocuum is an emerging spore-forming anaerobe that is often observed in Clostridioides difficile-associated inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) exacerbations. Unlike C. difficile, C. innocuum neither produces toxins nor possesses toxin-encoding genetic loci, but is commonly found in both intestinal and extra-intestinal infections. Membrane lipid rafts are composed of dynamic assemblies of cholesterol and sphingolipids, allowing bacteria to gain access to cells. However, the direct interaction between C. innocuum and lipid rafts that confers bacteria the ability to disrupt the intestinal barrier and induce pathogenesis remains unclear. In this study, we investigated the associations among nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain containing 2 (NOD2), lipid rafts, and cytotoxicity in C. innocuum-infected gut epithelial cells. Our results revealed that lipid rafts were involved in C. innocuum-induced NOD2 expression and nuclear factor (NF)-κB activation, triggering an inflammatory response. Reducing cholesterol by simvastatin significantly dampened C. innocuum-induced cell death, indicating that the C. innocuum-induced pathogenicity of cells was lipid raft-dependent. These results demonstrate that NOD2 mobilization into membrane rafts in response to C. innocuum-induced cytotoxicity results in aggravated pathogenicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Yu Wu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Jung Kuo
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Chang Gung Microbiota Therapy Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Huei Chou
- Department of Infectious Disease, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Infectious Disease, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Mao-Wang Ho
- Department of Infectious Disease, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Infectious Disease, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chyi-Liang Chen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Molecular Infectious Disease Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Tsui-Shan Hsu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Chu Chen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chuan Chiang-Ni
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Molecular Infectious Disease Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ywan M. Chen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Molecular Infectious Disease Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Hsun Chiu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Chang Gung Microbiota Therapy Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Molecular Infectious Disease Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Ho Lai
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Department of Infectious Disease, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Molecular Infectious Disease Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Department of Nursing, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
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18
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Wang Z, Liu T, Li W, Yu G, Mi Z, Wang C, Liao X, Huai P, Chu T, Liu D, Sun L, Fu X, Sun Y, Wang H, Wang N, Liu J, Liu H, Zhang F. Genome-wide meta-analysis and fine-mapping prioritize potential causal variants and genes related to leprosy. MedComm (Beijing) 2023; 4:e415. [PMID: 38020709 PMCID: PMC10674079 DOI: 10.1002/mco2.415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Revised: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
To date, genome-wide association studies (GWASs) have discovered 35 susceptible loci of leprosy; however, the cumulative effects of these loci can only partially explain the overall risk of leprosy, and the causal variants and genes within these loci remain unknown. Here, we conducted out new GWASs in two independent cohorts of 5007 cases and 4579 controls and then a meta-analysis in these newly generated and multiple previously published (2277 cases and 3159 controls) datasets were performed. Three novel and 15 previously reported risk loci were identified from these datasets, increasing the known leprosy risk loci of explained genetic heritability from 23.0 to 38.5%. A comprehensive fine-mapping analysis was conducted, and 19 causal variants and 14 causal genes were identified. Specifically, manual checking of epigenomic information from the Epimap database revealed that the causal variants were mainly located within the immune-relevant or immune-specific regulatory elements. Furthermore, by using gene-set, tissue, and cell-type enrichment analyses, we highlighted the key roles of immune-related tissues and cells and implicated the PD-1 signaling pathways in the pathogenetic mechanism of leprosy. Collectively, our study identified candidate causal variants and elucidated the potential regulatory and coding mechanisms for genes associated with leprosy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenzhen Wang
- Department of BiostatisticsSchool of Public HealthCheeloo College of MedicineShandong UniversityJinanShandongChina
- Shandong Provincial Key Lab for Dermatovenereology, Shandong Provincial Hospital for Skin Diseases & Shandong Provincial Institute of Dermatology and Venereology, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical SciencesJinanShandongChina
| | - Tingting Liu
- Shandong Provincial Key Lab for Dermatovenereology, Shandong Provincial Hospital for Skin Diseases & Shandong Provincial Institute of Dermatology and Venereology, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical SciencesJinanShandongChina
| | - Wenchao Li
- Shandong Provincial Key Lab for Dermatovenereology, Shandong Provincial Hospital for Skin Diseases & Shandong Provincial Institute of Dermatology and Venereology, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical SciencesJinanShandongChina
| | - Gongqi Yu
- Shandong Provincial Key Lab for Dermatovenereology, Shandong Provincial Hospital for Skin Diseases & Shandong Provincial Institute of Dermatology and Venereology, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical SciencesJinanShandongChina
| | - Zihao Mi
- Shandong Provincial Key Lab for Dermatovenereology, Shandong Provincial Hospital for Skin Diseases & Shandong Provincial Institute of Dermatology and Venereology, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical SciencesJinanShandongChina
| | - Chuan Wang
- Shandong Provincial Key Lab for Dermatovenereology, Shandong Provincial Hospital for Skin Diseases & Shandong Provincial Institute of Dermatology and Venereology, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical SciencesJinanShandongChina
| | - Xiaojie Liao
- Shandong Provincial Key Lab for Dermatovenereology, Shandong Provincial Hospital for Skin Diseases & Shandong Provincial Institute of Dermatology and Venereology, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical SciencesJinanShandongChina
| | - Pengcheng Huai
- Shandong Provincial Key Lab for Dermatovenereology, Shandong Provincial Hospital for Skin Diseases & Shandong Provincial Institute of Dermatology and Venereology, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical SciencesJinanShandongChina
| | - Tongsheng Chu
- Shandong Provincial Key Lab for Dermatovenereology, Shandong Provincial Hospital for Skin Diseases & Shandong Provincial Institute of Dermatology and Venereology, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical SciencesJinanShandongChina
| | - Dianchang Liu
- Shandong Provincial Key Lab for Dermatovenereology, Shandong Provincial Hospital for Skin Diseases & Shandong Provincial Institute of Dermatology and Venereology, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical SciencesJinanShandongChina
| | - Lele Sun
- Shandong Provincial Key Lab for Dermatovenereology, Shandong Provincial Hospital for Skin Diseases & Shandong Provincial Institute of Dermatology and Venereology, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical SciencesJinanShandongChina
| | - Xi'an Fu
- Shandong Provincial Key Lab for Dermatovenereology, Shandong Provincial Hospital for Skin Diseases & Shandong Provincial Institute of Dermatology and Venereology, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical SciencesJinanShandongChina
| | - Yonghu Sun
- Shandong Provincial Key Lab for Dermatovenereology, Shandong Provincial Hospital for Skin Diseases & Shandong Provincial Institute of Dermatology and Venereology, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical SciencesJinanShandongChina
| | - Honglei Wang
- Shandong Provincial Key Lab for Dermatovenereology, Shandong Provincial Hospital for Skin Diseases & Shandong Provincial Institute of Dermatology and Venereology, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical SciencesJinanShandongChina
| | - Na Wang
- Shandong Provincial Key Lab for Dermatovenereology, Shandong Provincial Hospital for Skin Diseases & Shandong Provincial Institute of Dermatology and Venereology, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical SciencesJinanShandongChina
| | - Jianjun Liu
- Department of Human Genetics, Genome Institute of SingaporeSingaporeSingapore
| | - Hong Liu
- Shandong Provincial Key Lab for Dermatovenereology, Shandong Provincial Hospital for Skin Diseases & Shandong Provincial Institute of Dermatology and Venereology, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical SciencesJinanShandongChina
| | - Furen Zhang
- Shandong Provincial Key Lab for Dermatovenereology, Shandong Provincial Hospital for Skin Diseases & Shandong Provincial Institute of Dermatology and Venereology, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical SciencesJinanShandongChina
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19
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Li G, Lin J, Gao X, Su H, Lin R, Gao H, Feng Z, Wu H, Feng B, Zuo K, Li Y, Wu W, Fang L, Liu Z. Intestinal epithelial pH-sensing receptor GPR65 maintains mucosal homeostasis via regulating antimicrobial defense and restrains gut inflammation in inflammatory bowel disease. Gut Microbes 2023; 15:2257269. [PMID: 37749885 PMCID: PMC10524779 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2023.2257269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Intestinal epithelial cell (IEC) regulation of barrier function and mucosal homeostasis enables the establishment of a harmonious gut microenvironment. However, host-derived regulatory networks that modulate intestinal antimicrobial defenses have not been fully defined. Herein we generated mice with IEC-specific deletion of Gpr65 (Gpr65ΔIEC) and investigated the role of epithelial GPR65 using DSS- and C. rodentium-induced murine colitis models. RNA sequencing analysis was conducted on colonic IECs from Gpr65fl/fl and Gpr65ΔIEC mice, and colonoids and colonic epithelial cell lines were used to evaluate the pH-sensing effect of GPR65. The expression of GPR65 was determined in IECs from patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and DSS colitis mice by qRT-PCR, Western blot, and immunohistochemistry, respectively. We observed that the absence of GPR65 in IECs abrogated homeostatic antimicrobial programs, including the production of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) and defense response-associated proteins. Gpr65ΔIEC mice displayed dysbiosis of the gut microbiota and were prone to DSS- and C. rodentium-induced colitis, as characterized by significantly disrupted epithelial antimicrobial responses, pathogen invasion, and increased inflammatory infiltrates in the inflamed colon. RNA sequencing analysis revealed that deletion of GPR65 in IECs provoked dramatic transcriptome changes with respect to the downregulation of immune and defense responses to bacteria. Forced AMP induction assays conducted in vivo or in ex vivo colonoids revealed that IEC-intrinsic GPR65 signaling drove antimicrobial defense. Mechanistically, GPR65 signaling promoted STAT3 phosphorylation to optimize mucosal defense responses. Epithelial cell line and colonoid assays further confirmed that epithelial GPR65 sensing pH synergized with IL-22 to facilitate antimicrobial responses. Finally, the expression of GPR65 was markedly decreased in the inflamed epithelia of IBD patients and DSS colitis mice. Our findings define an important role of epithelial GPR65 in regulating intestinal homeostasis and mucosal inflammation and point toward a potential therapeutic approach by targeting GPR65 in the treatment of IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gengfeng Li
- Center for IBD Research, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jian Lin
- Center for IBD Research, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Putian University, Putian, China
| | - Xiang Gao
- Center for IBD Research, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Huiling Su
- Department of Gastroenterology, Linfen Central Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Linfen, China
| | - Ritian Lin
- Center for IBD Research, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Han Gao
- Center for IBD Research, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhongsheng Feng
- Center for IBD Research, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Huili Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhengzhou Central Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Baisui Feng
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Keqiang Zuo
- Center for IBD Research, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yingchuan Li
- Center for IBD Research, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Wu
- Center for IBD Research, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Leilei Fang
- Center for IBD Research, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhanju Liu
- Center for IBD Research, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
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20
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Rivoal M, Dubuquoy L, Millet R, Leleu-Chavain N. Receptor Interacting Ser/Thr-Protein Kinase 2 as a New Therapeutic Target. J Med Chem 2023; 66:14391-14410. [PMID: 37857324 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.3c00593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
Receptor interacting serine/threonine protein kinase 2 (RIPK2) is a downstream signaling molecule essential for the activation of several innate immune receptors, including the NOD-like receptors (NOD1 and NOD2). Recognition of pathogen-associated molecular pattern proteins by NOD1/2 leads to their interaction with RIPK2, which induces release of pro-inflammatory cytokines through the activation of NF-κB and MAPK pathways, among others. Thus, RIPK2 has emerged as a key mediator of intracellular signal transduction and represents a new potential therapeutic target for the treatment of various conditions, including inflammatory diseases and cancer. In this Perspective, first, an overview of the mechanisms that underlie RIPK2 function will be presented along with its role in several diseases. Then, the existing inhibitors that target RIPK2 and different therapeutic strategies will be reviewed, followed by a discussion on current challenges and outlook.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morgane Rivoal
- Inserm, U1286 - INFINITE - Institute for Translational Research in Inflammation, University of Lille, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Laurent Dubuquoy
- Inserm, U1286 - INFINITE - Institute for Translational Research in Inflammation, University of Lille, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Régis Millet
- Inserm, U1286 - INFINITE - Institute for Translational Research in Inflammation, University of Lille, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Natascha Leleu-Chavain
- Inserm, U1286 - INFINITE - Institute for Translational Research in Inflammation, University of Lille, F-59000 Lille, France
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21
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Bharadwaj R, Anonick MV, Jaiswal S, Mashayekh S, Brown A, Wodzanowski KA, Okuda K, Silverman N, Grimes CL. Synthesis and validation of click-modified NOD1/2 agonists. Innate Immun 2023; 29:186-200. [PMID: 37828863 PMCID: PMC10621468 DOI: 10.1177/17534259231207198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Revised: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023] Open
Abstract
NOD1 and NOD2 sense small bacterial peptidoglycan fragments, often called muropeptides, that access the cytosol. These muropeptides include iE-DAP and MDP, the minimal agonists for NOD1 and NOD2, respectively. Here, we synthesized and validated alkyne-modified muropeptides, iE-DAP-Alk and MDP-Alk, for use in click-chemistry reactions. While it has long been known that many cell types respond to extracellular exposure to muropeptides, it is unclear how these innate immune activators access their cytosolic innate immune receptors, NOD1 and NOD2. The subcellular trafficking and transport mechanisms by which muropeptides access these cytosolic innate immune receptors are a major gap in our understanding of these critical host responses. The click-chemistry-enabled agonists developed here will be particularly powerful to decipher the underlying cell biology and biochemistry of NOD1 and NOD2 innate immune sensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravi Bharadwaj
- Program in Innate Immunity and Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester MA 01605, USA
| | - Madison V. Anonick
- Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware, USA
| | - Swati Jaiswal
- Program in Innate Immunity and Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester MA 01605, USA
| | - Siavash Mashayekh
- Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware, USA
| | - Ashley Brown
- Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware, USA
| | | | - Kendi Okuda
- Program in Innate Immunity and Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester MA 01605, USA
| | - Neal Silverman
- Program in Innate Immunity and Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester MA 01605, USA
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Liu L, Feng J, Jiang S, Zhou S, Yan M, Zhang Z, Wang W, Liu Y, Zhang J. Anti-inflammatory and intestinal microbiota modulation properties of Ganoderma lucidum β-d-glucans with different molecular weight in an ulcerative colitis model. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 251:126351. [PMID: 37597635 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.126351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/21/2023]
Abstract
This study systematically investigated the therapeutic effects and the corresponding mechanisms of β-D-glucans from Ganoderma lucidum (G. lucidum) with different molecular weights (Mws) on ulcerative colitis (UC). Results showed that three β-d-glucans (GLPS, GLPN and GLPW) from G. lucidum with different Mws exhibited the significant activities on the reduction of typical symptoms of UC by regulating inflammatory cytokine levels, modulating intestinal immunity, improving intestinal microbiota and metabolism of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) in the dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced mice model. Among them, the effects of the microwave assisted degraded fraction (GLPW) mainly containing two fractions with smaller Mw (1.33 × 104 and 3.51 × 103 g/mol) on the regulation of inflammatory factors and SCFAs metabolism were found to be comparable to those of GLPN with medium Mw (3.49 × 104 g/mol), and superior to those of GLPS with large Mw (2.42 × 106 g/mol). The effect of GLPW on regulation of intestinal microbiota was even better than that of GLPN. These findings suggested that lowering Mw by means of physical degradation could improve the anti-inflammatory activities of G. lucidum β-d-glucans. The analysis of anti-inflammatory mechanism also provided a feasible and theoretical basis for potential use of degraded β-d-glucans in the prevention and treatment of UC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liping Liu
- Institute of Edible Fungi, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Edible Fungi Resources and Utilization (South), Ministry of Agriculture, National Engineering Research Center of Edible Fungi, Shanghai 201403, China
| | - Jie Feng
- Institute of Edible Fungi, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Edible Fungi Resources and Utilization (South), Ministry of Agriculture, National Engineering Research Center of Edible Fungi, Shanghai 201403, China
| | - Siqi Jiang
- Institute of Edible Fungi, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Edible Fungi Resources and Utilization (South), Ministry of Agriculture, National Engineering Research Center of Edible Fungi, Shanghai 201403, China
| | - Shuai Zhou
- Institute of Edible Fungi, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Edible Fungi Resources and Utilization (South), Ministry of Agriculture, National Engineering Research Center of Edible Fungi, Shanghai 201403, China.
| | - Mengqiu Yan
- Institute of Edible Fungi, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Edible Fungi Resources and Utilization (South), Ministry of Agriculture, National Engineering Research Center of Edible Fungi, Shanghai 201403, China.
| | - Zhong Zhang
- Institute of Edible Fungi, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Edible Fungi Resources and Utilization (South), Ministry of Agriculture, National Engineering Research Center of Edible Fungi, Shanghai 201403, China
| | - Wenhan Wang
- Institute of Edible Fungi, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Edible Fungi Resources and Utilization (South), Ministry of Agriculture, National Engineering Research Center of Edible Fungi, Shanghai 201403, China.
| | - Yanfang Liu
- Institute of Edible Fungi, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Edible Fungi Resources and Utilization (South), Ministry of Agriculture, National Engineering Research Center of Edible Fungi, Shanghai 201403, China.
| | - Jingsong Zhang
- Institute of Edible Fungi, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Edible Fungi Resources and Utilization (South), Ministry of Agriculture, National Engineering Research Center of Edible Fungi, Shanghai 201403, China.
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23
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Zhou RW, Harpaz N, Itzkowitz SH, Parsons RE. Molecular mechanisms in colitis-associated colorectal cancer. Oncogenesis 2023; 12:48. [PMID: 37884500 PMCID: PMC10603140 DOI: 10.1038/s41389-023-00492-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Sustained chronic inflammation of the large intestine leads to tissue damage and repair, which is associated with an increased incidence of colitis-associated colorectal cancer (CAC). The genetic makeup of CAC is somewhat similar to sporadic colorectal carcinoma (sCRC), but there are differences in the sequence and timing of alterations in the carcinogenesis process. Several models have been developed to explain the development of CAC, particularly the "field cancerization" model, which proposes that chronic inflammation accelerates mutagenesis and selects for the clonal expansion of phenotypically normal, pro-tumorigenic cells. In contrast, the "Big Bang" model posits that tumorigenic clones with multiple driver gene mutations emerge spontaneously. The details of CAC tumorigenesis-and how they differ from sCRC-are not yet fully understood. In this Review, we discuss recent genetic, epigenetic, and environmental findings related to CAC pathogenesis in the past five years, with a focus on unbiased, high-resolution genetic profiling of non-dysplastic field cancerization in the context of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD).
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Affiliation(s)
- Royce W Zhou
- The Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Molecular Medicine Program, Internal Medicine Residency Program, Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Noam Harpaz
- The Dr. Henry D. Janowitz Division of Gastroenterology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Pathology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Steven H Itzkowitz
- The Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
- The Dr. Henry D. Janowitz Division of Gastroenterology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Ramon E Parsons
- The Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
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24
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Dixon CL, Wu A, Fairn GD. Multifaceted roles and regulation of nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain containing proteins. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1242659. [PMID: 37869013 PMCID: PMC10585062 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1242659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-containing proteins, NOD1 and NOD2, are cytosolic receptors that recognize dipeptides and tripeptides derived from the bacterial cell wall component peptidoglycan (PGN). During the past two decades, studies have revealed several roles for NODs beyond detecting PGN fragments, including activation of an innate immune anti-viral response, NOD-mediated autophagy, and ER stress induced inflammation. Recent studies have also clarified the dynamic regulation of NODs at cellular membranes to generate specific and balanced immune responses. This review will describe how NOD1 and NOD2 detect microbes and cellular stress and detail the molecular mechanisms that regulate activation and signaling while highlighting new evidence and the impact on inflammatory disease pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Amy Wu
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Gregory D. Fairn
- Department of Pathology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
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25
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Kumar S, Ahmad MF, Nath P, Roy R, Bhattacharjee R, Shama E, Gahatraj I, Sehrawat M, Dasriya V, Dhillon HS, Puniya M, Samtiya M, Dhewa T, Aluko RE, Khedkar GD, Raposo A, Puniya AK. Controlling Intestinal Infections and Digestive Disorders Using Probiotics. J Med Food 2023; 26:705-720. [PMID: 37646629 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2023.0062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023] Open
Abstract
After consumption, probiotics provide health benefits to the host. Probiotics and their metabolites have therapeutic and nutritional properties that help to alleviate gastrointestinal, neurological, and cardiovascular problems. Probiotics strengthen host immunity through various mechanisms, including improved gut barrier function, receptor site blocking, competitive exclusion of pathogens, and the production of bioactive molecules. Emerging evidence suggests that intestinal bowel diseases can be fatal, but regular probiotic consumption can alleviate disease symptoms. The use and detailed description of the health benefits of probiotics to consumers in terms of reducing intestinal infection, inflammation, and digestive disorders are discussed in this review. The well-designed and controlled studies that examined the use of probiotics to reduce life-threatening activities caused by intestinal bowel diseases are also covered. This review discussed the active principles and potency of probiotics as evidenced by the known effects on host health, in addition to providing information on the mechanism of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjeev Kumar
- Department of Life Science and Bioinformatics, Assam University, Silchar, India
| | - Md Faruque Ahmad
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Priyakshi Nath
- Department of Life Science and Bioinformatics, Assam University, Silchar, India
| | - Rubina Roy
- Department of Life Science and Bioinformatics, Assam University, Silchar, India
| | - Rudrarup Bhattacharjee
- Adelaide Medical School, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Eman Shama
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Indira Gahatraj
- Department of Life Science and Bioinformatics, Assam University, Silchar, India
| | | | - Vaishali Dasriya
- Dairy Microbiology Division, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, India
| | | | - Monica Puniya
- Science and Standards Division, Food Safety and Standards Authority of India, New Delhi, India
| | - Mrinal Samtiya
- Department of Nutrition Biology, Central University of Haryana, Mahendergarh, India
| | - Tejpal Dhewa
- Department of Nutrition Biology, Central University of Haryana, Mahendergarh, India
| | - Rotimi E Aluko
- Department of Food and Human Nutritional Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Gulab D Khedkar
- Paul Hebert Centre for DNA Barcoding and Biodiversity Studies, Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar Marathwada University, Aurangabad, India
| | - António Raposo
- CBIOS (Research Center for Biosciences and Health Technologies), Universidade Lusófona de Humanidades e Tecnologias, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Anil Kumar Puniya
- Dairy Microbiology Division, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, India
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26
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Li F, Chen B, Xu M, Feng Y, Deng Y, Huang X, Geng Y, Ouyang P, Chen D. Immune Activation and Inflammatory Response Mediated by the NOD/Toll-like Receptor Signaling Pathway-The Potential Mechanism of Bullfrog ( Lithobates catesbeiana) Meningitis Caused by Elizabethkingia miricola. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14554. [PMID: 37833994 PMCID: PMC10572524 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241914554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Revised: 09/09/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Elizabethkingia miricola is an emerging opportunistic pathogen that is highly pathogenic in both immunocompromised humans and animals. Once the disease occurs, treatment can be very difficult. Therefore, a deep understanding of the pathological mechanism of Elizabethkingia miricola is the key to the prevention and control of the disease. In this study, we isolated the pathogenic bacteria from bullfrogs with dark skin color, weak limbs, wryneck, and cataracts. Via subsequent morphological observations and a 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, the pathogen was identified as Elizabethkingia miricola. The histopathological and transmission electron microscopy analysis revealed that the brain was the main target organ. Therefore, brain samples from diseased and healthy bullfrogs were used for the RNA-Seq analysis. The comparative transcriptome analysis revealed that the diseased bullfrog brain was characterized by the immune activation and inflammatory response, which were mediated by the "NOD-like receptor signaling pathway" and the "Toll-like receptor signaling pathway". We also performed qRT-PCR to examine the expression profile of inflammation-related genes, which further verified the reliability of our transcriptome data. Based on the above results, it was concluded that the NOD/Toll-like receptor-related networks that dominate the immune activation and inflammatory response were activated in the brain of Elizabethkingia miricola-infected bullfrogs. This study contributes to the search for therapeutic targets for bullfrog meningitis and provides basic information for establishing effective measures to prevent and control bullfrog meningitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fulong Li
- Department of Aquaculture, College of Animal Science & Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (F.L.); (B.C.); (M.X.); (D.C.)
| | - Baipeng Chen
- Department of Aquaculture, College of Animal Science & Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (F.L.); (B.C.); (M.X.); (D.C.)
| | - Ming Xu
- Department of Aquaculture, College of Animal Science & Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (F.L.); (B.C.); (M.X.); (D.C.)
| | - Yang Feng
- Department of Basic Veterinary, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (Y.F.); (Y.G.); (P.O.)
| | - Yongqiang Deng
- Fisheries Institute, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu 611731, China;
| | - Xiaoli Huang
- Department of Aquaculture, College of Animal Science & Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (F.L.); (B.C.); (M.X.); (D.C.)
| | - Yi Geng
- Department of Basic Veterinary, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (Y.F.); (Y.G.); (P.O.)
| | - Ping Ouyang
- Department of Basic Veterinary, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (Y.F.); (Y.G.); (P.O.)
| | - Defang Chen
- Department of Aquaculture, College of Animal Science & Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (F.L.); (B.C.); (M.X.); (D.C.)
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Nagao S, Takahashi Y, Denda T, Tanaka Y, Miura Y, Mizutani H, Ohki D, Sakaguchi Y, Yakabi S, Tsuji Y, Niimi K, Kakushima N, Yamamichi N, Ota Y, Koike K, Fujishiro M. Reduced DEFA5 Expression and STAT3 Activation Underlie the Submucosal Invasion of Early Gastric Cancers. Digestion 2023; 104:480-493. [PMID: 37598668 DOI: 10.1159/000531790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Submucosal invasion is a core hallmark of early gastric cancer (EGC) with poor prognosis. However, the molecular mechanism of the progression from intramucosal gastric cancer (IMGC) to early submucosal-invasive gastric cancer (SMGC) is not fully understood. The objective of this study was to identify genes and pathways involved in the submucosal invasion in EGC using comprehensive gene expression analysis. METHODS Gene expression profiling was performed for eight cases of IMGC and eight cases of early SMGC with submucosal invasion ≥500 μm. To validate the findings of gene expression analysis and to examine the gene expression pattern in tissues, immunohistochemical (IHC) staining was performed for 50 cases of IMGC and SMGC each. RESULTS Gene expression analysis demonstrated that the expression levels of small intestine-specific genes were significantly decreased in SMGC. Among them, defensin alpha 5 (DEFA5) was the most downregulated gene in SMGC, which was further validated in SMGC tissues by IHC staining. Gene set enrichment analysis showed a strong association between SMGC, the JAK-STAT signaling pathway, and the upregulation of STAT3-activating cytokines. The expression of phosphorylated STAT3 was significant in the nucleus of tumor cells in SMGC tissues but not in areas expressing DEFA5. CONCLUSION The results of this study strongly suggest that the downregulation of DEFA5 and the activation of STAT3 play a significant role in the submucosal invasion of EGC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayaka Nagao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Endoscopy and Endoscopic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yu Takahashi
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tamami Denda
- Department of Pathology, Research Hospital, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yukihisa Tanaka
- Department of Pathology, Research Hospital, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuko Miura
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroya Mizutani
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Daisuke Ohki
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Sakaguchi
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Seiichi Yakabi
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yosuke Tsuji
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Keiko Niimi
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Naomi Kakushima
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nobutake Yamamichi
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasunori Ota
- Department of Pathology, Research Hospital, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Koike
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mitsuhiro Fujishiro
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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Fu J, Zong X, Jin M, Min J, Wang F, Wang Y. Mechanisms and regulation of defensins in host defense. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2023; 8:300. [PMID: 37574471 PMCID: PMC10423725 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-023-01553-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023] Open
Abstract
As a family of cationic host defense peptides, defensins are mainly synthesized by Paneth cells, neutrophils, and epithelial cells, contributing to host defense. Their biological functions in innate immunity, as well as their structure and activity relationships, along with their mechanisms of action and therapeutic potential, have been of great interest in recent years. To highlight the key research into the role of defensins in human and animal health, we first describe their research history, structural features, evolution, and antimicrobial mechanisms. Next, we cover the role of defensins in immune homeostasis, chemotaxis, mucosal barrier function, gut microbiota regulation, intestinal development and regulation of cell death. Further, we discuss their clinical relevance and therapeutic potential in various diseases, including infectious disease, inflammatory bowel disease, diabetes and obesity, chronic inflammatory lung disease, periodontitis and cancer. Finally, we summarize the current knowledge regarding the nutrient-dependent regulation of defensins, including fatty acids, amino acids, microelements, plant extracts, and probiotics, while considering the clinical application of such regulation. Together, the review summarizes the various biological functions, mechanism of actions and potential clinical significance of defensins, along with the challenges in developing defensins-based therapy, thus providing crucial insights into their biology and potential clinical utility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Fu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in Eastern China, Ministry of Agriculture, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Xin Zong
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in Eastern China, Ministry of Agriculture, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Mingliang Jin
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in Eastern China, Ministry of Agriculture, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Junxia Min
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Fudi Wang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Public Health, State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Basic Medical Sciences, School of Public Health, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, China.
| | - Yizhen Wang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in Eastern China, Ministry of Agriculture, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China.
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Iyer K, Erkert L, Becker C. Know your neighbors: microbial recognition at the intestinal barrier and its implications for gut homeostasis and inflammatory bowel disease. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1228283. [PMID: 37519301 PMCID: PMC10375050 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1228283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) perform several physiological and metabolic functions at the epithelial barrier. IECs also play an important role in defining the overall immune functions at the mucosal region. Pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) on the cell surface and in other cellular compartments enable them to sense the presence of microbes and microbial products in the intestinal lumen. IECs are thus at the crossroads of mediating a bidirectional interaction between the microbial population and the immune cells present at the intestinal mucosa. This communication between the microbial population, the IECs and the underlying immune cells has a profound impact on the overall health of the host. In this review, we focus on the various PRRs present in different cellular compartments of IECs and discuss the recent developments in the understanding of their role in microbial recognition. Microbial recognition and signaling at the epithelial barrier have implications in the maintenance of intestinal homeostasis, epithelial barrier function, maintenance of commensals, and the overall tolerogenic function of PRRs in the gut mucosa. We also highlight the role of an aberrant microbial sensing at the epithelial barrier in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and the development of colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krishna Iyer
- Department of Medicine 1, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
- Evergrande Center for Immunologic Diseases, Harvard Medical School and Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Lena Erkert
- Department of Medicine 1, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Christoph Becker
- Department of Medicine 1, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
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30
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Griffin ME, Tsukidate T, Hang HC. N-Arylpyrazole NOD2 Agonists Promote Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor Therapy. ACS Chem Biol 2023; 18:1368-1377. [PMID: 37172210 PMCID: PMC10578902 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.3c00085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
The characterization of microbiota mechanisms in health and disease has reinvigorated pattern recognition receptors as prominent targets for immunotherapy. Notably, our recent studies on Enterococcus species revealed peptidoglycan remodeling and activation of NOD2 as key mechanisms for microbiota enhancement of immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy. Inspired by this work and other studies of NOD2 activation, we performed in silico ligand screening and developed N-arylpyrazole dipeptides as novel NOD2 agonists. Importantly, our N-arylpyrazole NOD2 agonist is enantiomer-specific and effective at promoting immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy and requires NOD2 for activity in vivo. Given the significant functions of NOD2 in innate and adaptive immunity, these next-generation agonists afford new therapeutic leads and adjuvants for a variety of NOD2-responsive diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew E. Griffin
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Scripps Research, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Taku Tsukidate
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Microbial Pathogenesis, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Howard C. Hang
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Scripps Research, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Scripps Research, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
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31
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Gao J, Wang L, Jiang J, Xu Q, Zeng N, Lu B, Yuan P, Sun K, Zhou H, He X. A probiotic bi-functional peptidoglycan hydrolase sheds NOD2 ligands to regulate gut homeostasis in female mice. Nat Commun 2023; 14:3338. [PMID: 37286542 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-38950-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Secreted proteins are one of the direct molecular mechanisms by which microbiota influence the host, thus constituting a promising field for drug discovery. Here, through bioinformatics-guided screening of the secretome of clinically established probiotics from Lactobacillus, we identify an uncharacterized secreted protein (named LPH here) that is shared by most of these probiotic strains (8/10) and demonstrate that it protects female mice from colitis in multiple models. Functional studies show that LPH is a bi-functional peptidoglycan hydrolase with both N-Acetyl-β-D-muramidase and DL-endopeptidase activities that can generate muramyl dipeptide (MDP), a NOD2 ligand. Different active site mutants of LPH in combination with Nod2 knockout female mice confirm that LPH exerts anti-colitis effects through MDP-NOD2 signaling. Furthermore, we validate that LPH can also exert protective effects on inflammation-associated colorectal cancer in female mice. Our study reports a probiotic enzyme that enhances NOD2 signaling in vivo in female mice and describes a molecular mechanism that may contribute to the effects of traditional Lactobacillus probiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Gao
- Microbiome Medicine Center, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 510655, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Microbiome Medicine Center, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 510655, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jing Jiang
- Department Gerontology, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, 610072, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Qian Xu
- Microbiome Medicine Center, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 510655, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Nianyi Zeng
- Microbiome Medicine Center, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 510655, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Bingyun Lu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shenzhen Hospital, Southern Medical University, 518101, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Peibo Yuan
- Microbiome Medicine Center, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 510655, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Kai Sun
- Department of General Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 510515, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
| | - Hongwei Zhou
- Microbiome Medicine Center, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 510655, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Southern Medical University, 510655, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
| | - Xiaolong He
- Microbiome Medicine Center, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 510655, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
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32
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Overcast GR, Meibers HE, Eshleman EM, Saha I, Waggoner L, Patel KN, Jain VG, Haslam DB, Alenghat T, VanDussen KL, Pasare C. IEC-intrinsic IL-1R signaling holds dual roles in regulating intestinal homeostasis and inflammation. J Exp Med 2023; 220:e20212523. [PMID: 36976181 PMCID: PMC10067527 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20212523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) constitute a critical first line of defense against microbes. While IECs are known to respond to various microbial signals, the precise upstream cues regulating diverse IEC responses are not clear. Here, we discover a dual role for IEC-intrinsic interleukin-1 receptor (IL-1R) signaling in regulating intestinal homeostasis and inflammation. Absence of IL-1R in epithelial cells abrogates a homeostatic antimicrobial program including production of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs). Mice deficient for IEC-intrinsic IL-1R are unable to clear Citrobacter rodentium (C. rodentium) but are protected from DSS-induced colitis. Mechanistically, IL-1R signaling enhances IL-22R-induced signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) phosphorylation in IECs leading to elevated production of AMPs. IL-1R signaling in IECs also directly induces expression of chemokines as well as genes involved in the production of reactive oxygen species. Our findings establish a protective role for IEC-intrinsic IL-1R signaling in combating infections but a detrimental role during colitis induced by epithelial damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Garrett R. Overcast
- Immunology Graduate Program, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas, TX, USA
- Division of Immunobiology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
- Center for Inflammation and Tolerance, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Hannah E. Meibers
- Immunology Graduate Program, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
- Division of Immunobiology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
- Center for Inflammation and Tolerance, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Emily M. Eshleman
- Division of Immunobiology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
- Center for Inflammation and Tolerance, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Irene Saha
- Division of Immunobiology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
- Center for Inflammation and Tolerance, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Lisa Waggoner
- Division of Immunobiology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
- Center for Inflammation and Tolerance, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Krupaben N. Patel
- Divisions of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition and of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Viral G. Jain
- Division of Neonatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - David B. Haslam
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Theresa Alenghat
- Division of Immunobiology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
- Center for Inflammation and Tolerance, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Kelli L. VanDussen
- Divisions of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition and of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Chandrashekhar Pasare
- Division of Immunobiology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
- Center for Inflammation and Tolerance, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
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33
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Nagai-Singer MA, Morrison HA, Woolls MK, Leedy K, Imran KM, Tupik JD, Allen IC. NLRX1 functions as a tumor suppressor in Pan02 pancreatic cancer cells. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1155831. [PMID: 37342194 PMCID: PMC10277690 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1155831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is a deadly malignancy with limited treatment options. NLRX1 is a unique, understudied member of the Nod-like Receptor (NLR) family of pattern recognition receptors that regulates a variety of biological processes that are highly relevant to pancreatic cancer. The role of NLRX1 in cancer remains highly enigmatic, with some studies defining its roles as a tumor promoter, while others characterize its contributions to tumor suppression. These seemingly contradicting roles appear to be due, at least in part, to cell type and temporal mechanisms. Here, we define roles for NLRX1 in regulating critical hallmarks of pancreatic cancer using both gain-of-function and loss-of-function studies in murine Pan02 cells. Our data reveals that NLRX1 increases susceptibility to cell death, while also suppressing proliferation, migration, and reactive oxygen species production. We also show that NLRX1 protects against upregulated mitochondrial activity and limits energy production in the Pan02 cells. Transcriptomics analysis revealed that the protective phenotypes associated with NLRX1 are correlated with attenuation of NF-κB, MAPK, AKT, and inflammasome signaling. Together, these data demonstrate that NLRX1 diminishes cancer-associated biological functions in pancreatic cancer cells and establishes a role for this unique NLR in tumor suppression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaret A. Nagai-Singer
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, United States
| | - Holly A. Morrison
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, United States
| | - Mackenzie K. Woolls
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, United States
| | - Katerina Leedy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, United States
| | - Khan Mohammad Imran
- Graduate Program in Translational Biology, Medicine and Health, Virginia Tech, Roanoke, VA, United States
| | - Juselyn D. Tupik
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, United States
| | - Irving C. Allen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, United States
- Graduate Program in Translational Biology, Medicine and Health, Virginia Tech, Roanoke, VA, United States
- Department of Basic Science Education, Virginia Tech Carilion School of Medicine, Roanoke, VA,
United States
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Tsigalou C, Paraschaki A, Bragazzi NL, Aftzoglou K, Stavropoulou E, Tsakris Z, Vradelis S, Bezirtzoglou E. Alterations of gut microbiome following gastrointestinal surgical procedures and their potential complications. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1191126. [PMID: 37333847 PMCID: PMC10272562 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1191126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Intestinal microorganisms play a crucial role in shaping the host immunity and maintaining homeostasis. Nevertheless, alterations in gut bacterial composition may occur and these alterations have been linked with the pathogenesis of several diseases. In surgical practice, studies revealed that the microbiome of patients undergoing surgery changes and several post-operative complications seem to be associated with the gut microbiota composition. In this review, we aim to provide an overview of gut microbiota (GM) in surgical disease. We refer to several studies which describe alterations of GM in patients undergoing different types of surgery, we focus on the impacts of peri-operative interventions on GM and the role of GM in development of post-operative complications, such as anastomotic leak. The review aims to enhance comprehension regarding the correlation between GM and surgical procedures based in the current knowledge. However, preoperative and postoperative synthesis of GM needs to be further examined in future studies, so that GM-targeted measures could be assessed and the different surgery complications could be reduced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Tsigalou
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Democritus University of Thrace, Dragana Campus, Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Afroditi Paraschaki
- Department of Biopathology/Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University General Hospital of Alexandroupolis, Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Nicola Luigi Bragazzi
- Laboratory for Industrial and Applied Mathematics (LIAM), Department of Mathematics and Statistics, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - K. Aftzoglou
- Medical School, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Elisavet Stavropoulou
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV), Rue du Bugnon, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Z. Tsakris
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Department of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - S. Vradelis
- Department of Gastrenterology, Faculty of Medicine, Democritus University of Thrace, Dragana Campus, Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Eugenia Bezirtzoglou
- Laboratory of Hygiene and Environmental Protection, Medical School, Democritus University of Thrace, Dragana, Alexandroupolis, Greece
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Morrison HM, Craft J, Rivera-Lugo R, Johnson JR, Golovkine GR, Bell SL, Dodd CE, Van Dis E, Beatty WL, Margolis SR, Repasy T, Shaker I, Lee AY, Vance RE, Stanley SA, Watson RO, Krogan NJ, Portnoy DA, Penn BH, Cox JS. Deficiency in Galectin-3, -8, and -9 impairs immunity to chronic Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection but not acute infection with multiple intracellular pathogens. PLoS Pathog 2023; 19:e1011088. [PMID: 37352334 PMCID: PMC10325092 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1011088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Revised: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Macrophages employ an array of pattern recognition receptors to detect and eliminate intracellular pathogens that access the cytosol. The cytosolic carbohydrate sensors Galectin-3, -8, and -9 (Gal-3, Gal-8, and Gal-9) recognize damaged pathogen-containing phagosomes, and Gal-3 and Gal-8 are reported to restrict bacterial growth via autophagy in cultured cells. However, the contribution of these galectins to host resistance during bacterial infection in vivo remains unclear. We found that Gal-9 binds directly to Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) and Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium (Stm) and localizes to Mtb in macrophages. To determine the combined contribution of membrane damage-sensing galectins to immunity, we generated Gal-3, -8, and -9 triple knockout (TKO) mice. Mtb infection of primary macrophages from TKO mice resulted in defective autophagic flux but normal bacterial replication. Surprisingly, these mice had no discernable defect in resistance to acute infection with Mtb, Stm or Listeria monocytogenes, and had only modest impairments in bacterial growth restriction and CD4 T cell activation during chronic Mtb infection. Collectively, these findings indicate that while Gal-3, -8, and -9 respond to an array of intracellular pathogens, together these membrane damage-sensing galectins play a limited role in host resistance to bacterial infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huntly M. Morrison
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Division of Immunology and Molecular Medicine, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California, United States of America
| | - Julia Craft
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of California, Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Rafael Rivera-Lugo
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Division of Immunology and Molecular Medicine, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California, United States of America
| | - Jeffery R. Johnson
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California, San Francisco; Quantitative Biosciences Institute (QBI), University of California, San Francisco; Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Guillaume R. Golovkine
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Division of Immunology and Molecular Medicine, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California, United States of America
| | - Samantha L. Bell
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis and Immunology, Texas A&M Health, School of Medicine, Bryan, Texas, United States of America
| | - Claire E. Dodd
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Division of Immunology and Molecular Medicine, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California, United States of America
| | - Erik Van Dis
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Division of Immunology and Molecular Medicine, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California, United States of America
| | - Wandy L. Beatty
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Shally R. Margolis
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Division of Immunology and Molecular Medicine, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California, United States of America
| | - Teresa Repasy
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Division of Immunology and Molecular Medicine, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California, United States of America
| | - Isaac Shaker
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of California, Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Angus Y. Lee
- Cancer Research Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California, United States of America
| | - Russell E. Vance
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Division of Immunology and Molecular Medicine, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California, United States of America
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California, United States of America
| | - Sarah A. Stanley
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Division of Immunology and Molecular Medicine, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California, United States of America
- School of Public Health, Division of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California, United States of America
| | - Robert O. Watson
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis and Immunology, Texas A&M Health, School of Medicine, Bryan, Texas, United States of America
| | - Nevan J. Krogan
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California, San Francisco; Quantitative Biosciences Institute (QBI), University of California, San Francisco; Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Daniel A. Portnoy
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Division of Immunology and Molecular Medicine, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California, United States of America
| | - Bennett H. Penn
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of California, Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Jeffery S. Cox
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Division of Immunology and Molecular Medicine, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California, United States of America
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36
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Caballero-Flores G, Pickard JM, Núñez G. Microbiota-mediated colonization resistance: mechanisms and regulation. Nat Rev Microbiol 2023; 21:347-360. [PMID: 36539611 PMCID: PMC10249723 DOI: 10.1038/s41579-022-00833-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 55.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
A dense and diverse microbial community inhabits the gut and many epithelial surfaces. Referred to as the microbiota, it co-evolved with the host and is beneficial for many host physiological processes. A major function of these symbiotic microorganisms is protection against pathogen colonization and overgrowth of indigenous pathobionts. Dysbiosis of the normal microbial community increases the risk of pathogen infection and overgrowth of harmful pathobionts. The protective mechanisms conferred by the microbiota are complex and include competitive microbial-microbial interactions and induction of host immune responses. Pathogens, in turn, have evolved multiple strategies to subvert colonization resistance conferred by the microbiota. Understanding the mechanisms by which microbial symbionts limit pathogen colonization should guide the development of new therapeutic approaches to prevent or treat disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo Caballero-Flores
- Department of Pathology and Rogel Cancer Center, The University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
| | - Joseph M Pickard
- Department of Pathology and Rogel Cancer Center, The University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Gabriel Núñez
- Department of Pathology and Rogel Cancer Center, The University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
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37
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Witte MB, Saupe J, Reiner J, Bannert K, Schafmayer C, Lamprecht G, Berlin P. Ileocolonic Healing after Small Ileocecal Resection in Mice: NOD2 Deficiency Impairs Anastomotic Healing by Local Mechanisms. J Clin Med 2023; 12:3601. [PMID: 37240707 PMCID: PMC10219437 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12103601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Ileocecal resection (ICR) is frequently performed in Crohn's disease (CD). NOD2 mutations are risk factors for CD. Nod2 knockout (ko) mice show impaired anastomotic healing after extended ICR. We further investigated the role of NOD2 after limited ICR. C57B16/J (wt) and Nod2 ko littermates underwent limited ICR including 1-2 cm terminal ileum and were randomly assigned to vehicle or MDP treatment. Bursting pressure was measured on POD 5, and the anastomosis was analyzed for matrix turn-over and granulation tissue. Wound fibroblasts from subcutaneously implanted sponges were used for comparison. The M1/M2 macrophage plasma cytokines were analyzed. Mortality was not different between groups. Bursting pressure was significantly decreased in ko mice. This was associated with less granulation tissue but was not affected by MDP. However, anastomotic leak (AL) rate tended to be lower in MDP-treated ko mice (29% vs. 11%, p = 0.07). mRNA expression of collagen-1α (col1 α), collagen-3α (col3 α), matrix metalloproteinase (mmp)2 and mmp9 was increased in ko mice, indicating increased matrix turn-over, specifically in the anastomosis. Systemic TNF-α expression was significantly lower in ko mice. Ileocolonic healing is impaired in Nod2 ko mice after limited ICR by local mechanisms maybe including local dysbiosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria B. Witte
- Department of General, Visceral, Thoracic, Vascular and Transplant Surgery, Rostock University Medical Center, Schillingallee 35, 18057 Rostock, Germany
| | - Johannes Saupe
- Division of Gastroenterology and Endocrinology, Department of Medicine II, Rostock University Medical Center, Ernst-Heydemann-Strasse 6, 18057 Rostock, Germany
| | - Johannes Reiner
- Division of Gastroenterology and Endocrinology, Department of Medicine II, Rostock University Medical Center, Ernst-Heydemann-Strasse 6, 18057 Rostock, Germany
| | - Karen Bannert
- Division of Gastroenterology and Endocrinology, Department of Medicine II, Rostock University Medical Center, Ernst-Heydemann-Strasse 6, 18057 Rostock, Germany
| | - Clemens Schafmayer
- Department of General, Visceral, Thoracic, Vascular and Transplant Surgery, Rostock University Medical Center, Schillingallee 35, 18057 Rostock, Germany
| | - Georg Lamprecht
- Division of Gastroenterology and Endocrinology, Department of Medicine II, Rostock University Medical Center, Ernst-Heydemann-Strasse 6, 18057 Rostock, Germany
| | - Peggy Berlin
- Division of Gastroenterology and Endocrinology, Department of Medicine II, Rostock University Medical Center, Ernst-Heydemann-Strasse 6, 18057 Rostock, Germany
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Bharadwaj R, Lusi CF, Mashayekh S, Nagar A, Subbarao M, Kane GI, Wodzanowski KA, Brown AR, Okuda K, Monahan A, Paik D, Nandy A, Anonick MV, Goldman WE, Kanneganti TD, Orzalli MH, Grimes CL, Atukorale PU, Silverman N. Methotrexate suppresses psoriatic skin inflammation by inhibiting muropeptide transporter SLC46A2 activity. Immunity 2023; 56:998-1012.e8. [PMID: 37116499 PMCID: PMC10195032 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2023.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Revised: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 04/30/2023]
Abstract
Cytosolic innate immune sensing is critical for protecting barrier tissues. NOD1 and NOD2 are cytosolic sensors of small peptidoglycan fragments (muropeptides) derived from the bacterial cell wall. These muropeptides enter cells, especially epithelial cells, through unclear mechanisms. We previously implicated SLC46 transporters in muropeptide transport in Drosophila immunity. Here, we focused on Slc46a2, which was highly expressed in mammalian epidermal keratinocytes, and showed that it was critical for the delivery of diaminopimelic acid (DAP)-muropeptides and activation of NOD1 in keratinocytes, whereas the related transporter Slc46a3 was critical for delivering the NOD2 ligand MDP to keratinocytes. In a mouse model, Slc46a2 and Nod1 deficiency strongly suppressed psoriatic inflammation, whereas methotrexate, a commonly used psoriasis therapeutic, inhibited Slc46a2-dependent transport of DAP-muropeptides. Collectively, these studies define SLC46A2 as a transporter of NOD1-activating muropeptides, with critical roles in the skin barrier, and identify this transporter as an important target for anti-inflammatory intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravi Bharadwaj
- Program in Innate Immunity and Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Christina F Lusi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | | | - Abhinit Nagar
- Program in Innate Immunity and Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Malireddi Subbarao
- Department of Immunology, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Griffin I Kane
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | | | - Ashley R Brown
- Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA
| | - Kendi Okuda
- Program in Innate Immunity and Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Amanda Monahan
- Program in Innate Immunity and Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Donggi Paik
- Program in Innate Immunity and Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Anubhab Nandy
- Program in Innate Immunity and Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | | | - William E Goldman
- Department of Microbiology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | | | - Megan H Orzalli
- Program in Innate Immunity and Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | | | - Prabhani U Atukorale
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - Neal Silverman
- Program in Innate Immunity and Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA.
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Hajj Hussein I, Dosh L, Al Qassab M, Jurjus R, El Masri J, Abi Nader C, Rappa F, Leone A, Jurjus A. Highlights on two decades with microbiota and inflammatory bowel disease from etiology to therapy. Transpl Immunol 2023; 78:101835. [PMID: 37030558 DOI: 10.1016/j.trim.2023.101835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2023] [Revised: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023]
Abstract
Inflammatory Bowel diseases (IBDs) constitute a complex panel of disorders characterized with chronic inflammation affecting the alimentary canal along with extra intestinal manifestations. Its exact etiology is still unknown; however, it seems to be the result of uncharacterized environmental insults in the intestine and their immunological consequences along with dysbiosis, in genetically predisposed individuals. It was the main target of our team since 2002 to explore the etiology of IBD and the related role of bacteria. For almost two decades, our laboratory, among others, has been involved in the reciprocal interaction between the host gastrointestinal lining and the homing microbiota. In the first decade, the attention of scientists focused on the possible role of enteropathogenic E. coli and its relationship to the mechanistic pathways involved in IBD induced in both rats and mice by chemicals like Iodoacetamide, Dextran Sodium Sulfate, Trinitrobenzene, thus linking microbial alteration to IBD pathology. A thorough characterization of the various models was the focus of research in addition to exploring how to establish an active homeostatic composition of the commensal microbiota, including its wide diversity by restoration of gut microbiota by probiotics and moving from dysbiosis to eubiosis. In the last six years and in order to effectively translate such findings into clinical practice, it was critical to explore their relationship to colorectal cancer CRC both in solid tumors and chemically induced CRC. It was also critical to explore the degree of intestinal dysbiosis and linking to IBD, CRC and diabetes. Remarkably, the active mechanistic pathways were proposed as well as the role of microbiota or bacterial metabolites involved. This review covers two decades of investigations in our laboratory and sheds light on the different aspects of the relationship between microbiota and IBD with an emphasis on dysbiosis, probiotics and the multiple mechanistic pathways involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inaya Hajj Hussein
- Oakland University William Beaumont School of Medicine, Rochester, MI, USA
| | - Laura Dosh
- Department of Anatomy, Biology and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon; Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostics, Institute of Human Anatomy and Histology, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Mohamad Al Qassab
- Department of Anatomy, Biology and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Rosalyn Jurjus
- Department of Anatomy, Biology and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Jad El Masri
- Department of Anatomy, Biology and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Celine Abi Nader
- Department of Anatomy, Biology and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Francesca Rappa
- Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostics, Institute of Human Anatomy and Histology, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Angelo Leone
- Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostics, Institute of Human Anatomy and Histology, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Abdo Jurjus
- Department of Anatomy, Biology and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon.
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Anti- E. coli Immunoglobulin Yolk (IgY): Reduction of pathogen receptors and inflammation factors could be caused by decrease in E. coli load. Heliyon 2023; 9:e13876. [PMID: 36873547 PMCID: PMC9982617 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e13876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Graft versus host disease (GVHD) remains the major cause of morbidity and mortality after allogeneic stem cell transplantation, especially for intestinal GVHD, as steroid resistant GVHD results in high mortality. For this reason, new treatments of GVHD are needed. One approach is the reduction of pathogenic bacteria using anti-E. coli Immunoglobulin Yolk (IgY). In a haploidentical murine model, B6D2F1 mice conditioned with total body irradiation (TBI), received bone marrow cells (BM) and splenocytes (SC) from either syngeneic (Syn = B6D2F1) or allogeneic (Allo = C57BL/6) donors. Following this, animals received from day -2 until day +28 chow contained IgY or control chow. Thereafter the incidence and severity of aGVHD, the cytokines, chemokines, IDO1 and different pathogen-recognition receptors (PRR) were analyzed and compared to control animals (received chow without IgY). We found that animals receiving chow with IgY antibody showed reduced GVHD severity compared to control animals. On day28 after alloBMT, IDO, NOD2, TLR2, TLR4 and the inflammatory chemokine CCL3, were reduced in the colon and correlated with a significant decrease in E. coli bacteria. In summary chow containing chicken antibodies (IgY) improved GVHD via decrease in bacterial load of E coli conducting to reduction of pathogen receptors (NOD2, TLR2 and 4), IDO, chemokines and cytokines.
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de Mesquita TGR, Junior JDES, de Souza JL, da Silva LS, do Nascimento TA, de Souza MLG, Guerra MVDF, Ramasawmy R. Variants of NOD2 in Leishmania guyanensis-infected patients with cutaneous leishmaniasis and correlations with plasma circulating pro-inflammatory cytokines. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0281814. [PMID: 36795715 PMCID: PMC9934361 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0281814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Leishmaniases, a group of vector-borne diseases, are caused by the protozoan intracellular parasite Leishmania (L.) and are transmitted by the phlebotomine sandflies. A wide range of clinical manifestations in L- infection is observed. The clinical outcome ranges from asymptomatic, cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) to severe mucosal leishmaniasis (ML) or visceral leishmaniasis (VL), depending on the L. species. Interestingly, only a fraction of L.-infected individuals progress to disease development, suggesting a key role of host genetics in the clinical outcome. NOD2 plays a critical role in the control of host defense and inflammation. The NOD2-RIK2 pathway is involved in developing a Th1- type response in patients with VL and C57BL/6 mice infected with L. infantum. We investigated whether variants in the NOD2 gene (R702W rs2066844, G908R rs2066845, and L1007fsinsC rs2066847) are associated with susceptibility to CL caused by L. guyanensis (Lg) in 837 patients with Lg-Cl and 797 healthy controls (HC) with no history of leishmaniasis. Both patients and HC are from the same endemic area of the Amazonas state of Brazil. The variants R702W and G908R were genotyped by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP), and L1007fsinsC was by direct nucleotide sequencing. The minor allele frequency (MAF) of L1007fsinsC was 0.5% among the patients with Lg-CL and 0.6% in the healthy controls group. R702W genotypes frequencies were similar in both groups. Only 1% and 1.6% were heterozygous for G908R among the patients with Lg-CL and HC, respectively. None of the variants revealed any association with susceptibility to the development of Lg-CL. Correlations of genotypes with the level of plasma cytokines revealed that individuals with the mutant alleles of R702W tend to have low levels of IFN-γ. G908R heterozygotes also tend to have low IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-17, and IL-8. Variants of NOD2 are not involved in the pathogenesis of Lg-CL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tirza Gabrielle Ramos de Mesquita
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Medicina Tropical, Universidade do Estado do Amazonas, Manaus, Brazil
- Fundação de Medicina Tropical Doutor Heitor Vieira Dourado, Manaus, Brazil
| | - José do Espírito Santo Junior
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Imunologia Básica e Aplicada, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Amazonas, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
- Faculdade de Medicina Nilton Lins, Universidade Nilton Lins, Manaus, Brazil
| | - Josué Lacerda de Souza
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Imunologia Básica e Aplicada, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Amazonas, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
- Faculdade de Medicina Nilton Lins, Universidade Nilton Lins, Manaus, Brazil
| | - Lener Santos da Silva
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biodiversidade e Biotecnologia da Amazonia Legal (Rede Bionorte), Universidade do Estado do Amazonas, Manaus, Brazil
| | | | - Mara Lúcia Gomes de Souza
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Imunologia Básica e Aplicada, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Amazonas, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
| | - Marcus Vinitius de Farias Guerra
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Medicina Tropical, Universidade do Estado do Amazonas, Manaus, Brazil
- Fundação de Medicina Tropical Doutor Heitor Vieira Dourado, Manaus, Brazil
| | - Rajendranath Ramasawmy
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Medicina Tropical, Universidade do Estado do Amazonas, Manaus, Brazil
- Fundação de Medicina Tropical Doutor Heitor Vieira Dourado, Manaus, Brazil
- Faculdade de Medicina Nilton Lins, Universidade Nilton Lins, Manaus, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biodiversidade e Biotecnologia da Amazonia Legal (Rede Bionorte), Universidade do Estado do Amazonas, Manaus, Brazil
- Genomic Health Surveillance Network: Optimization of Assistance and Research in The State of Amazonas – REGESAM, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
- * E-mail:
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Jaiswal V, Batra N, Dagar M, Butey S, Huang H, Chia JE, Naz S, Endurance EO, Raj N, Patel S, Maroo D, Ang SP, Hanif M, Mukherjee D, Sarfraz Z, Shrestha AB, Song D. Inflammatory bowel disease and associated cardiovascular disease outcomes: A systematic review. Medicine (Baltimore) 2023; 102:e32775. [PMID: 36820570 PMCID: PMC9907938 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000032775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is limited and conflicting data available regarding the cardiovascular disease outcomes associated with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). OBJECTIVE We aim to perform a systematic review to evaluate the cardiovascular outcomes and mortality associated with IBD patients. METHODS A systematic literature search has been performed on PubMed, Embase, Cochrane, and Scopus from inception till May 2022 without any language restrictions. RESULTS A total of 2,029,941 patients were included in the analysis from 16 studies. The mean age of the patients was 45.6 years. More females were found compared with males (57% vs 43%). The most common risk factors for cardiovascular disease (CVD) included smoking (24.19%) and alcohol (4.60%). The most common comorbidities includes hypertension (30%), diabetes mellitus (14.41%), dyslipidemia (18.42%), previous CVD (22%), and renal disease (10%). Among outcomes, all-cause mortality among IBD patients was 1.66%; ulcerative colitis (UC): 15.92%; and Crohn disease (CD): 0.30%. Myocardial Infarction (MI) among IBD patients were 1.47%, UC: 30.96%; and CD: 34.14%. CVD events among IBD patients were 1.95%. Heart failure events among IBD patients were 5.49%, stroke events among IBD patients were 0.95%, UC: 2.63%, and CD: 2.41%, respectively. CONCLUSION IBD patients are at higher risk for adverse cardiovascular outcomes, especially in women. Although there remains a lack of concrete treatment algorithms and assessment parameters that better characterize IBD risk factors, nutritional modifications and physical activity should be at the forefront of CVD prevention in IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nitya Batra
- Department of Internal Medicine, Beaumont Hospital, Royal Oak, MI
| | - Mehak Dagar
- Department of Medicine, Himalayan Institute of Medical Science, Dehradun, India
| | - Swatika Butey
- Department of Medicine, Indira Gandhi Government Medical College, Nagpur, India
| | - Helen Huang
- Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, University of Medicine and Health Science, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Jia Ee Chia
- Department of Medicine, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Sidra Naz
- Department of Gastroenterology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | | | - Nishchita Raj
- Department of Medicine, B. P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal
| | - Srushti Patel
- Department of Medicine, GMERS Medical College, Gandhinagar, India
| | - Dipansha Maroo
- Department of Medicine, Maulana Azad Medical College, New Delhi, India
| | - Song Peng Ang
- Division of Internal Medicine, Rutgers Health/Community Medical Center, Toms River, NJ
| | | | - Dattatreya Mukherjee
- Department of Medicine, Raiganj Government Medical College and Hospital, Raiganj, India
| | - Zouina Sarfraz
- Research and Publication, Fatima Jinnah Medical University, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Abhigan Babu Shrestha
- M Abdur Rahim Medical College, Dinajpur, Bangladesh
- * Correspondence: Vikash Jaiswal, JCCR Cardiology Research, Varanasi 221005, India (e-mail: )
| | - David Song
- Department of Internal Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
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Griffin ME, Tsukidate T, Hang HC. N -arylpyrazole NOD2 agonists promote immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.01.26.525573. [PMID: 36747725 PMCID: PMC9901186 DOI: 10.1101/2023.01.26.525573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The characterization of microbiota mechanisms in health and disease has reinvigorated pattern recognition receptors as prominent targets for immunotherapy. Notably, our recent studies on Enterococcus species revealed peptidoglycan remodeling and activation of NOD2 as key mechanisms for microbiota enhancement of immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy. Inspired by this work and other studies of NOD2 activation, we performed in silico ligand screening and developed N -arylpyrazole dipeptides as novel NOD2 agonists. Importantly, our N -arylpyrazole NOD2 agonist is enantiomer-specific, effective at promoting immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy and requires NOD2 for activity in vivo . Given the significant functions of NOD2 in innate and adaptive immunity, these next-generation agonists afford new therapeutic leads and adjuvants for a variety of NOD2-responsive diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew E. Griffin
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Scripps Research, La Jolla, CA 92037
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697
| | - Taku Tsukidate
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Microbial Pathogenesis, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065
| | - Howard C. Hang
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Scripps Research, La Jolla, CA 92037
- Department of Chemistry, Scripps Research, La Jolla, CA 92037
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Secher T, Couturier A, Huot L, Bouscayrol H, Grandjean T, Boulard O, Hot D, Ryffel B, Chamaillard M. A Protective Role of NOD2 on Oxazolone-induced Intestinal Inflammation Through IL-1β-mediated Signalling Pathway. J Crohns Colitis 2023; 17:111-122. [PMID: 35917251 DOI: 10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjac106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS NOD2 has emerged as a critical player in the induction of both Th1 and Th2 responses for potentiation and polarisation of antigen-dependent immunity. Loss-of-function mutations in the NOD2-encoding gene and deregulation of its downstream signalling pathway have been linked to Crohn's disease. Although it is well documented that NOD2 is capable of sensing bacterial muramyl dipeptide, it remains counter-intuitive to link development of overt intestinal inflammation to a loss of bacterial-induced inflammatory response. We hypothesised that a T helper bias could also contribute to an autoimmune-like colitis different from inflammation that is fully fledged by Th1 type cells. METHODS An oedematous bowel wall with a mixed Th1/Th2 response was induced in mice by intrarectal instillation of the haptenating agent oxazolone. Survival and clinical scoring were evaluated. At several time points after instillation, colonic damage was assessed by macroscopic and microscopic observations. To evaluate the involvement of NOD2 in immunochemical phenomena, quantitative polymerase chain reaction [PCR] and flow cytometry analysis were performed. Bone marrow chimera experimentation allowed us to evaluate the role of haematopoietic/non-hematopoietic NOD2-expressing cells. RESULTS Herein, we identified a key regulatory circuit whereby NOD2-mediated sensing of a muramyl dipeptide [MDP] by radio-resistant cells improves colitis with a mixed Th1/Th2 response that is induced by oxazolone. Genetic ablation of either Nod2 or Ripk2 precipitated oxazolone colitis that is predominantly linked to a lack of interferon-gamma. Bone marrow chimera experiments revealed that inactivation of Nod2 signalling in non-haematopoietic cells is causing a biased M1-M2 polarisation of macrophages and a decreased frequency of splenic regulatory T cells that correlates with an impaired activation of CD4 + T cells within mesenteric lymph nodes. Mechanistically, mice were protected from oxazolone-induced colitis upon administration of MDP in an interleukin-1- and interleukin-23-dependent manner. CONCLUSIONS These findings indicate that Nod2 signalling may prevent pathological conversion of T helper cells for maintenance of tissue homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Secher
- INEM, Orléans University, CNRS UMR 7355, F-45071, Orléans, France.,CEPR, Tours University, INSERM U1100, F-37000, Tours, France
| | | | - Ludovic Huot
- Centre d'Infection et d'Immunité de Lille, Université de Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHRU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019-UMR 9017, F-59000, Lille, France
| | - Helene Bouscayrol
- Service d'oncologie-radiothérapie, CHR d'Orléans-La Source, Orléans, France
| | - Teddy Grandjean
- Centre d'Infection et d'Immunité de Lille, Université de Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHRU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019-UMR 9017, F-59000, Lille, France
| | - Olivier Boulard
- Laboratory of Cell Physiology, Inserm U1003, University of Lille, Lille, France
| | - David Hot
- CEPR, Tours University, INSERM U1100, F-37000, Tours, France.,University of Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, US 41-UAR 2014-PLBS, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Bernhard Ryffel
- INEM, Orléans University, CNRS UMR 7355, F-45071, Orléans, France
| | - Mathias Chamaillard
- Laboratory of Cell Physiology, Inserm U1003, University of Lille, Lille, France
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Abstract
The surge in inflammatory bowel diseases, like Crohn's disease (CD), is alarming. While the role of the gut microbiome in CD development is unresolved, the frequent isolation of adherent-invasive Escherichia coli (AIEC) strains from patient biopsies, together with their propensity to trigger gut inflammation, underpin the potential role of these bacteria as disease modifiers. In this review, we explore the spectrum of AIEC pathogenesis, including their metabolic versatility in the gut. We describe how AIEC strains hijack the host defense mechanisms to evade immune attrition and promote inflammation. Furthermore, we highlight the key traits that differentiate AIEC from commensal E. coli. Deciphering the main components of AIEC virulence is cardinal to the discovery of the next generation of antimicrobials that can selectively eradicate CD-associated bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Mansour
- Department of Medical Microbiology & Immunology, Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Alberta, Canada
| | - Tahreem Asrar
- Department of Medical Microbiology & Immunology, Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Alberta, Canada
| | - Wael Elhenawy
- Department of Medical Microbiology & Immunology, Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Alberta, Canada,Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada,Li Ka Shing Institute of Virology, Canada,Women and Children’s Health Research Institute, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada,Antimicrobial Resistance, One Health Consortium - Edmonton, AB, Canada,CONTACT Wael Elhenawy Department of Medical Microbiology & Immunology, Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Alberta
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46
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Wallaeys C, Garcia‐Gonzalez N, Libert C. Paneth cells as the cornerstones of intestinal and organismal health: a primer. EMBO Mol Med 2022; 15:e16427. [PMID: 36573340 PMCID: PMC9906427 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.202216427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Revised: 09/24/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Paneth cells are versatile secretory cells located in the crypts of Lieberkühn of the small intestine. In normal conditions, they function as the cornerstones of intestinal health by preserving homeostasis. They perform this function by providing niche factors to the intestinal stem cell compartment, regulating the composition of the microbiome through the production and secretion of antimicrobial peptides, performing phagocytosis and efferocytosis, taking up heavy metals, and preserving barrier integrity. Disturbances in one or more of these functions can lead to intestinal as well as systemic inflammatory and infectious diseases. This review discusses the multiple functions of Paneth cells, and the mechanisms and consequences of Paneth cell dysfunction. It also provides an overview of the tools available for studying Paneth cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Wallaeys
- Center for Inflammation Research‐VIBGhentBelgium,Department of Biomedical Molecular BiologyGhent UniversityGhentBelgium
| | - Natalia Garcia‐Gonzalez
- Center for Inflammation Research‐VIBGhentBelgium,Department of Biomedical Molecular BiologyGhent UniversityGhentBelgium
| | - Claude Libert
- Center for Inflammation Research‐VIBGhentBelgium,Department of Biomedical Molecular BiologyGhent UniversityGhentBelgium
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47
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Genetic and Epigenetic Etiology of Inflammatory Bowel Disease: An Update. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13122388. [PMID: 36553655 PMCID: PMC9778199 DOI: 10.3390/genes13122388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Revised: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic disease with periods of exacerbation and remission of the disease. The etiology of IBD is not fully understood. Many studies point to the presence of genetic, immunological, environmental, and microbiological factors and the interactions between them in the occurrence of IBD. The review looks at genetic factors in the context of both IBD predisposition and pharmacogenetics.
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Ai LS, Yu YB. Role of Paneth cells-associated Crohn's disease susceptibility genes in development of Crohn's disease. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2022; 30:1009-1015. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v30.i23.1009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Crohn's disease (CD) is a chronic inflammatory digestive tract disease, and its pathogenesis involves many factors such as genetics, environment, and flora. In terms of genetic factors, many susceptibility genes and pathogenic pathways of CD are associated with Paneth cells (PCs). Numerous studies have demonstrated that PCs are involved in the pathogenesis of CD by affecting the gut microbiota and inducing intestinal epithelial barrier dysfunction and immune abnormalities. These advances provide new ideas for the prevention of CD and potential therapeutic targets for this disease. This article reviews the role of PCs-associated CD susceptibility genes in the pathogenesis of CD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Si Ai
- Qilu Hospital of Shandong University (First Clinical College), Jinan 250012, Shandong Province, China
| | - Yan-Bo Yu
- Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong Province, China
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Chuphal B, Rai U, Roy B. Teleost NOD-like receptors and their downstream signaling pathways: A brief review. FISH AND SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY REPORTS 2022; 3:100056. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fsirep.2022.100056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2022] [Revised: 05/01/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
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Dias-Teixeira KL, Sharifian Gh M, Romano J, Norouzi F, Laurie GW. Autophagy in the normal and diseased cornea. Exp Eye Res 2022; 225:109274. [PMID: 36252655 PMCID: PMC10083687 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2022.109274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Revised: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The cornea and covering tear film are together the 'objective lens' of the eye through which 80% of light is refracted. Despite exposure to a physically harsh and at times infectious or toxic environment, transparency essential for sight is in most cases maintained. Such resiliency makes the avascular cornea a superb model for the exploration of autophagy in the regulation of homeostasis with relevancy to all organs. Nonetheless, missense mutations and inflammation respectively clog or apparently overwhelm autophagic flux to create dystrophies much like in neurodegenerative diseases or further exacerbate inflammation. Here there is opportunity to generate novel topical therapies towards the restoration of homeostasis with potential broad application.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jeff Romano
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Fatemeh Norouzi
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Gordon W Laurie
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA; Department of Ophthalmology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA.
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