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Zhao Y, Wang G, Wei Z, Li D, Morshedi M. RETRACTED ARTICLE: Wnt, notch signaling and exercise: what are their functions? Hum Cell 2024; 37:1612. [PMID: 38386243 DOI: 10.1007/s13577-024-01036-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2024] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Yijie Zhao
- Ministry of Public Sports, Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou, 075000, Hebei, China
| | - Guangjun Wang
- Ministry of Public Sports, Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou, 075000, Hebei, China.
| | - Zhifeng Wei
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou, 075000, Hebei, China
| | - Duo Li
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou, 075000, Hebei, China
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Xu C, Ramos TB, Marshall OJ, Doe CQ. Notch signaling and Bsh homeodomain activity are integrated to diversify Drosophila lamina neuron types. eLife 2024; 12:RP90136. [PMID: 38193901 PMCID: PMC10945509 DOI: 10.7554/elife.90136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Notch signaling is an evolutionarily conserved pathway for specifying binary neuronal fates, yet how it specifies different fates in different contexts remains elusive. In our accompanying paper, using the Drosophila lamina neuron types (L1-L5) as a model, we show that the primary homeodomain transcription factor (HDTF) Bsh activates secondary HDTFs Ap (L4) and Pdm3 (L5) and specifies L4/L5 neuronal fates. Here we test the hypothesis that Notch signaling enables Bsh to differentially specify L4 and L5 fates. We show asymmetric Notch signaling between newborn L4 and L5 neurons, but they are not siblings; rather, Notch signaling in L4 is due to Delta expression in adjacent L1 neurons. While Notch signaling and Bsh expression are mutually independent, Notch is necessary and sufficient for Bsh to specify L4 fate over L5. The NotchON L4, compared to NotchOFF L5, has a distinct open chromatin landscape which allows Bsh to bind distinct genomic loci, leading to L4-specific identity gene transcription. We propose a novel model in which Notch signaling is integrated with the primary HDTF activity to diversify neuron types by directly or indirectly generating a distinct open chromatin landscape that constrains the pool of genes that a primary HDTF can activate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chundi Xu
- Institute of Neuroscience, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of OregonEugeneUnited States
| | - Tyler B Ramos
- Institute of Neuroscience, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of OregonEugeneUnited States
| | - Owen J Marshall
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of TasmaniaHobartAustralia
| | - Chris Q Doe
- Institute of Neuroscience, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of OregonEugeneUnited States
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Protein kinase CK2 phosphorylates a conserved motif in the Notch effector E(spl)-Mγ. Mol Cell Biochem 2022; 478:781-790. [PMID: 36087252 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-022-04539-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Across metazoan animals, the effects of Notch signaling are mediated via the Enhancer of Split (E(spl)/HES) basic Helix-Loop-Helix-Orange (bHLH-O) repressors. Although these repressors are generally conserved, their sequence diversity is, in large part, restricted to the C-terminal domain (CtD), which separates the Orange (O) domain from the penultimate WRPW tetrapeptide motif that binds the obligate co-repressor Groucho. While the kinases CK2 and MAPK target the CtD and regulate Drosophila E(spl)-M8 and mammalian HES6, the generality of this regulation to other E(spl)/HES repressors has remained unknown. To determine the broader impact of phosphorylation on this large family of repressors, we conducted bioinformatics, evolutionary, and biochemical analyses. Our studies identify E(spl)-Mγ as a new target of native CK2 purified from Drosophila embryos, reveal that phosphorylation is specific to CK2 and independent of the regulatory CK2-β subunit, and identify that the site of phosphorylation is juxtaposed to the WRPW motif, a feature unique to and conserved in the Mγ homologues over 50 × 106 years of Drosophila evolution. Thus, a preponderance of E(spl) homologues (four out of seven total) in Drosophila are targets for CK2, and the distinct positioning of the CK2 and MAPK sites raises the prospect that phosphorylation underlies functional diversity of bHLH-O proteins.
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Liu SY, Qu HT, Sun RJ, Yuan D, Sui XH, Shan NN. High-throughput DNA methylation analysis in ITP confirms NOTCH1 hypermethylation through the Th1 and Th2 cell differentiation pathways. Int Immunopharmacol 2022; 111:109105. [PMID: 35930913 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2022.109105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2022] [Revised: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) is a prevalent autoimmune disease with a complex aetiology where DNA methylation changes are becoming triggers. METHOD To investigate novel abnormally methylated genes in the pathogenesis of ITP, we performed a high-throughput methylation analysis on 21 ITP patients and 9 normal control samples. We analysed the extent of key methylated genes and their downstream cytokines through Luminex assay or qRT-PCR. Then, bone marrow mononuclear cells were extracted from ITP patients, and decitabine (demethylation drug) was added to the culture medium of cultured cells. qRT-PCR and ELISA were used to detect whether decitabine could effectively affect target genes and related cytokines. RESULTS Through the STRING and Metascape databases, hypermethylated NOTCH1 can be identified and can influence ITP by regulating many downstream cytokines through Th1 and Th2 cell differentiation pathways. Compared with those in the normal control group, the expression levels of NOTCH1 and its downstream Th2 cytokines (IL-4, IL-10, and GATA3) were significantly decreased and those of Th1 cytokines (IFN-γ, IL-12, and TNF-α) were significantly increased in the ITP group. Decitabine exerts its demethylation effect, so the expression of NOTCH1 and its related cytokines in the ITP group treated with 100 nM decitabine were significantly reversed. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that the pathogenesis of ITP may exert its influence on epigenetics through alteration of DNA methylation at regulatory regions of the target NOTCH1 gene in the Th1 and Th2 cell differentiation pathways. At the same time, decitabine may achieve a therapeutic effect on ITP by demethylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Yan Liu
- Department of Haematology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, China
| | - Hui-Ting Qu
- Department of Haematology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, China; Department of Haematology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, China
| | - Rui-Jie Sun
- Department of Rheumatology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Clinical Immunology Center, Beijing, China
| | - Dai Yuan
- Department of Haematology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, China; Department of Haematology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, China
| | - Xiao-Hui Sui
- Department of Haematology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, China; Department of Haematology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, China.
| | - Ning-Ning Shan
- Department of Haematology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, China; Department of Haematology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, China.
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Zhang F, Waheed S, Armato U, Wu J, Zhang C, Li Z. eIF6 as a Promising Diagnostic and Prognostic Biomarker for Poorer Survival of Cutaneous Melanoma. Front Oncol 2022; 12:848346. [PMID: 35707354 PMCID: PMC9189357 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.848346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Skin cutaneous melanoma (SKCM) is the deadliest skin cancer and has the most rapidly increasing incidences among all cancer types. Previous research elucidated that melanoma can only be successfully treated with surgical abscission in the early stage. Therefore, reliable and specific biomarkers are crucial to melanoma diagnosis since it often looks like nevi in the clinical manifestations. Moreover, identifying key genes contributing to melanoma progression is also highly regarded as a potential strategy for melanoma therapy. In this respect, translation initiator eIF6 has been proved as a pro-tumor factor in several cancers. However, the role of eIF6 in the skin cutaneous melanoma progression and its potential as a prognostic marker is still unexplored. Methods The immunochemical analysis of clinical specimens were served to assess eIF6 expression levels. Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis (GEPIA) database consultations allowed us to find the survival rates of the eIF6-overexpressed patients. eIF6 cellular effects were evaluated in an eIF6-overexpressed A375 cell line constructed with a lentivirus. The analysis of down-stream effectors or pathways was conducted using C-Bioportal and STRING databases. Results Our results revealed that eIF6 was highly over-expressed in melanomas compared to normal skin specimens, and thus the abnormally high level of eIF6 can be a diagnostic marker for melanoma. The in silica analysis indicated that patients with eIF6 over-expression had lower survival rates than that low-expression in SKCM. Meanwhile, similar results also could be found in the other four types of cancers. In vitro, over-expression of eIF6 increased the proliferation and migration of melanoma cells. Correspondingly, pan-cancer clustering analysis indicated the expression level of intermediate filament proteins was correlated with that of eIF6 expression. In our study, all over-expressed keratin proteins, in accordance with over-expressed eIF6, had a negative correlation with melanoma prognosis. Moreover, the decreased methylation level of keratin genes suggested a new potential regulation mode of eIF6. Conclusions The up-regulated eIF6 could be a potential diagnostic and prognostic biomarker of melanoma. This study also provides insights into the potential role of eIF6 in pan-cancer epigenetic regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangyingnan Zhang
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, Shenzhen Institute of Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People’s Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Saquib Waheed
- Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, Shenzhen Institute of Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People’s Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Ubaldo Armato
- Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, Shenzhen Institute of Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People’s Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jun Wu
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, Shenzhen Institute of Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People’s Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Chao Zhang
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Zhibin Li, ; Chao Zhang,
| | - Zhibin Li
- Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, Shenzhen Institute of Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People’s Hospital, Shenzhen, China
- *Correspondence: Zhibin Li, ; Chao Zhang,
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Wang LL, Wan XY, Liu CQ, Zheng FM. NDR1 increases NOTCH1 signaling activity by impairing Fbw7 mediated NICD degradation to enhance breast cancer stem cell properties. Mol Med 2022; 28:49. [PMID: 35508987 PMCID: PMC9066784 DOI: 10.1186/s10020-022-00480-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The existence of breast cancer stem cells (BCSCs) causes tumor relapses, metastasis and resistance to conventional therapy in breast cancer. NDR1 kinase, a component of the Hippo pathway, plays important roles in multiple biological processes. However, its role in cancer stem cells has not been explored. The purpose of this study was to investigate the roles of NDR1 in modulating BCSCs. METHODS The apoptosis was detected by Annexin V/Propidium Iodide staining and analyzed by flow cytometry. BCSCs were detected by CD24/44 or ALDEFLUOR staining and analyzed by flow cytometry. The proliferation ability of BCSCs was evaluated by sphere formation assay. The expression of interested proteins was detected by western blot analysis. The expression of HES-1 and c-MYC was detected by real-time PCR. Notch1 signaling activation was detected by luciferase reporter assay. Protein interaction was evaluated by immunoprecipitation. Protein degradation was evaluated by ubiquitination analysis. The clinical relevance of NDR1 was analyzed by Kaplan-Meier Plotter. RESULTS NDR1 regulates apoptosis and drug resistance in breast cancer cells. The upregulation of NDR1 increases CD24low/CD44high or ALDEFLUORhigh population and sphere-forming ability in SUM149 and MCF-7 cells, while downregulation of NDR1 induces opposite effects. NDR1 increased the expression of the Notch1 intracellular domain (NICD) and activated the transcription of its downstream target (HES-1 and c-MYC). Critically, both suppression of Notch pathway activation by DAPT treatment or downregulation of Notch1 expression by shRNA reverses NDR1 enhanced BCSC properties. Mechanically, NDR1 interactes with both NICD or Fbw7 in a kinase activity-independent manner. NDR1 reduces the proteolytic turnover of NICD by competing with Fbw7 for NICD binding, thereby leading to Notch pathway activation. Furthermore, NDR1 might function as a hub to modulate IL-6, TNF-α or Wnt3a induced activation of Notch1 signaling pathway and enrichment of breast cancer stem cells. Moreover, we find that the elevation of NDR1 expression predictes poor survival (OS, RFS, DMFS and PPS) in breast cancer. CONCLUSION Our study revealed a novel function of NDR1 in regulating BCSC properties by activating the Notch pathway. These data might provide a potential strategy for eradicating BCSC to overcome tumor relapses, metastasis and drug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling-Ling Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology of The Eastern Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, No.58, Zhong Shan Er Lu, Guangzhou, 510080, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopedics and Traumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Yun Wan
- Department of Medical Oncology, Guangzhou Panyu Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chun-Qi Liu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Panyu Central Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fei-Meng Zheng
- Department of Medical Oncology of The Eastern Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, No.58, Zhong Shan Er Lu, Guangzhou, 510080, China. .,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopedics and Traumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China.
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Li C, Huang S, Zhou W, Xie Z, Xie S, Li M. Effects of the Notch Signaling Pathway on Secondary Brain Changes Caused by Spinal Cord Injury in Mice. Neurochem Res 2022; 47:1651-1663. [PMID: 35211828 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-022-03558-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Revised: 01/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) can cause secondary brain changes, leading to hypomyelination in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC). Some studies have shown that notch signaling pathway activation can regulate oligodendrocyte maturation and myelination. The aim of this study was to investigate whether inhibition of the Notch signaling pathway can alleviate hypomyelination in the dlPFC caused by SCI. Moreover, we further investigated whether the changes in myelination in the dlPFC are associated with neuropathic pain following SCI. We established a mouse model of SCI and observed the changes in mechanical and thermal hyperalgesia. Western blotting and immunofluorescence were used to analyze the changes in myelination in the dlPFC. The results indicated the existence of a relationship between activation of the Notch signaling pathway and hypomyelination in the dlPFC and confirmed the existence of a relationship between hypomyelination in the dlPFC and decreases in mechanical and thermal hyperalgesia thresholds. In conclusion, these results suggested that the Notch signaling pathway is activated after SCI, leading to hypomyelination in the dlPFC, and that DAPT can inhibit the Notch signaling pathway and improve mechanical and thermal hyperalgesia thresholds. Our findings provide a new target for the treatment of neuropathic pain caused by SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengcai Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, NO17 Yong Wai Zheng Street, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Shaoxin Huang
- School of Basic Medicine, Jiujiang University, Jiujiang, 332005, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Wu Zhou
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, NO17 Yong Wai Zheng Street, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiping Xie
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, NO17 Yong Wai Zheng Street, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Shenke Xie
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, NO17 Yong Wai Zheng Street, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Meihua Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, NO17 Yong Wai Zheng Street, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China.
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Yang L, Wang X, Sun J, Liu C, Li G, Zhu J, Huang J. Neuritin promotes angiogenesis through inhibition of DLL4/Notch signaling pathway. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2021; 53:663-672. [PMID: 33787845 DOI: 10.1093/abbs/gmab039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuritin is a member of the neurotrophic factor family, which plays an important role in the promotion and development of the nervous system. Neuritin is also involved in angiogenesis. Neuritin was recently found to be a negative regulatory factor of the Notch 1 signaling pathway. Notch signaling pathway is known as a regulatory pathway of angiogenesis. Thus, neuritin may play a role in angiogenesis through the Notch signaling pathway. In the present study, we investigated the expressions of neuritin and Notch signaling pathway factors in the pulmonary vascular tissue. The results showed that neuritin expression was increased in the paraneoplastic vascular tissue and decreased in the lung cancer vascular tissue. The neuritin expression was increased with the increase of vascular tissue density, and a negative correlation between neuritin expression and delta-like ligand 4 (DLL4) was identified in vascular tissues of lung cancer. Overexpression of neuritin in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) inhibited the expressions of Notch signaling pathway-associated factors, including DLL4, NICD, and Hes-1, and promoted the migration and tubular formation of HUVECs. In conclusion, our results indicated that neuritin is involved in angiogenesis and may play a role in angiogenesis through the Notch signaling pathway. This study provides a theoretical basis for clinical anti-angiogenesis therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Yang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832000, China
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Xuhui Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, People’s Hospital of Changji Hui Autonomous Prefecture, Changji 831118, China
| | - Jiawei Sun
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832000, China
| | - Chunyan Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832000, China
| | - Guoxiang Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832000, China
| | - Jingling Zhu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832000, China
| | - Jin Huang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832000, China
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
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Helmi SA, Rohani L, Zaher AR, El Hawary YM, Rancourt DE. Enhanced Osteogenic Differentiation of Pluripotent Stem Cells via γ-Secretase Inhibition. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22105215. [PMID: 34069142 PMCID: PMC8156631 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22105215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Revised: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone healing is a complex, well-organized process. Multiple factors regulate this process, including growth factors, hormones, cytokines, mechanical stimulation, and aging. One of the most important signaling pathways that affect bone healing is the Notch signaling pathway. It has a significant role in controlling the differentiation of bone mesenchymal stem cells and forming new bone. Interventions to enhance the healing of critical-sized bone defects are of great importance, and stem cell transplantations are eminent candidates for treating such defects. Understanding how Notch signaling impacts pluripotent stem cell differentiation can significantly enhance osteogenesis and improve the overall healing process upon transplantation. In Rancourt’s lab, mouse embryonic stem cells (ESC) have been successfully differentiated to the osteogenic cell lineage. This study investigates the role of Notch signaling inhibition in the osteogenic differentiation of mouse embryonic and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPS). Our data showed that Notch inhibition greatly enhanced the differentiation of both mouse embryonic and induced pluripotent stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Summer A. Helmi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada;
- Department of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt; (A.R.Z.); (Y.M.E.H.)
| | - Leili Rohani
- Department of Medicine, School of Biomedical Engineering, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada;
| | - Ahmed R. Zaher
- Department of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt; (A.R.Z.); (Y.M.E.H.)
| | - Youssry M. El Hawary
- Department of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt; (A.R.Z.); (Y.M.E.H.)
| | - Derrick E. Rancourt
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-403-220-2888
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Jing X, Ren D, Gao F, Chen Y, Wu X, Han Y, Han Q, Li L, Wang X, Tang W, Zhang Y. Gene deficiency or pharmacological inhibition of PDCD4-mediated FGR signaling protects against acute kidney injury. Acta Pharm Sin B 2021; 11:394-405. [PMID: 33643819 PMCID: PMC7893143 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2020.10.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2020] [Revised: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have shown that programmed cell death 4 (PDCD4) modulates distinct signal transduction pathways in different pathological conditions. Despite acute and chronic immune responses elicited by ischemia contributing to the functional deterioration of the kidney, the contributions and mechanisms of PDCD4 in acute kidney injury (AKI) have remained unclear. Using two murine AKI models including renal ischemia/reperfusion injury (IRI) and cisplatin-induced AKI, we found that PDCD4 deficiency markedly ameliorated renal dysfunction and inflammatory responses in AKI mice. Consistently, upregulation of PDCD4 was also confirmed in the kidneys from patients with biopsy confirmed acute tubular necrosis from a retrospective cohort study. Moreover, we found that overexpression of Fgr, a member of the tyrosine kinase family, dramatically aggravated renal injury and counteracted the protective effects of PDCD4 deficiency in AKI mice. We discovered that FGR upregulated NOTCH1 expression through activating STAT3. Most importantly, we further found that systemic administration of ponatinib, a tyrosine kinase inhibitor, significantly ameliorated AKI in mice. In summary, we identified that PDCD4 served as an important regulator, at least in part, of FGR/NOTCH1-mediated tubular apoptosis and inflammation in AKI mice. Furthermore, our findings suggest that ponatinib-mediated pharmacologic targeting of this pathway had therapeutic potential for mitigating AKI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Jing
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Science, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, the Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan 250033, China
| | - Dandan Ren
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Science, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
- Chengda Biology Co., Ltd., Shenyang 110179, China
| | - Fei Gao
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Ye Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Science, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Xiao Wu
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Yue Han
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Science, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Qingsheng Han
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Science, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Liang Li
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Science, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Xiaojie Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Science, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Wei Tang
- Department of Microbiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Science, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
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Xing Y, Ye Y, Zuo H, Li Y. Progress on the Function and Application of Thymosin β4. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:767785. [PMID: 34992578 PMCID: PMC8724243 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.767785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Thymosin β4 (Tβ4) is a multifunctional and widely distributed peptide that plays a pivotal role in several physiological and pathological processes in the body, namely, increasing angiogenesis and proliferation and inhibiting apoptosis and inflammation. Moreover, Tβ4 is effectively utilized for several indications in animal experiments or clinical trials, such as myocardial infarction and myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury, xerophthalmia, liver and renal fibrosis, ulcerative colitis and colon cancer, and skin trauma. Recent studies have reported the potential application of Tβ4 and its underlying mechanisms. The present study reveals the progress regarding functions and applications of Tβ4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Xing
- Department of Experimental Pathology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, China
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou, China
| | - Yumeng Ye
- Department of Experimental Pathology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Hongyan Zuo
- Department of Experimental Pathology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Hongyan Zuo, ; Yang Li,
| | - Yang Li
- Department of Experimental Pathology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, China
- Academy of Life Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei City, China
- *Correspondence: Hongyan Zuo, ; Yang Li,
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CBF-1 Promotes the Establishment and Maintenance of HIV Latency by Recruiting Polycomb Repressive Complexes, PRC1 and PRC2, at HIV LTR. Viruses 2020; 12:v12091040. [PMID: 32961937 PMCID: PMC7551090 DOI: 10.3390/v12091040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Revised: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The C-promoter binding factor-1 (CBF-1) is a potent and specific inhibitor of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1 LTR promoter. Here, we demonstrate that the knockdown of endogenous CBF-1 in latently infected primary CD4+ T cells, using specific small hairpin RNAs (shRNA), resulted in the reactivation of latent HIV proviruses. Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assays using latently infected primary T cells and Jurkat T-cell lines demonstrated that CBF-1 induces the establishment and maintenance of HIV latency by recruiting polycomb group (PcG/PRC) corepressor complexes or polycomb repressive complexes 1 and 2 (PRC1 and PRC2). Knockdown of CBF-1 resulted in the dissociation of PRCs corepressor complexes enhancing the recruitment of RNA polymerase II (RNAP II) at HIV LTR. Knockdown of certain components of PRC1 and PRC2 also led to the reactivation of latent proviruses. Similarly, the treatment of latently infected primary CD4+ T cells with the PRC2/EZH2 inhibitor, 3-deazaneplanocin A (DZNep), led to their reactivation.
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13
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The shift in the balance between osteoblastogenesis and adipogenesis of mesenchymal stem cells mediated by glucocorticoid receptor. Stem Cell Res Ther 2019; 10:377. [PMID: 31805987 PMCID: PMC6896503 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-019-1498-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2019] [Revised: 11/09/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are multipotent cells capable of differentiating into several tissues, such as bone, cartilage, and fat. Glucocorticoids affect a variety of biological processes such as proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis of various cell types, including osteoblasts, adipocytes, or chondrocytes. Glucocorticoids exert their function by binding to the glucocorticoid receptor (GR). Physiological concentrations of glucocorticoids stimulate osteoblast proliferation and promote osteogenic differentiation of MSCs. However, pharmacological concentrations of glucocorticoids can not only induce apoptosis of osteoblasts and osteocytes but can also reduce proliferation and inhibit the differentiation of osteoprogenitor cells. Several signaling pathways, including the Wnt, TGFβ/BMP superfamily and Notch signaling pathways, transcription factors, post-transcriptional regulators, and other regulators, regulate osteoblastogenesis and adipogenesis of MSCs mediated by GR. These signaling pathways target key transcription factors, such as Runx2 and TAZ for osteogenesis and PPARγ and C/EBPs for adipogenesis. Glucocorticoid-induced osteonecrosis and osteoporosis are caused by various factors including dysfunction of bone marrow MSCs. Transplantation of MSCs is valuable in regenerative medicine for the treatment of osteonecrosis of the femoral head, osteoporosis, osteogenesis imperfecta, and other skeletal disorders. However, the mechanism of inducing MSCs to differentiate toward the osteogenic lineage is the key to an efficient treatment. Thus, a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms behind the imbalance between GR-mediated osteoblastogenesis and adipogenesis of MSCs would not only help us to identify the pathogenic causes of glucocorticoid-induced osteonecrosis and osteoporosis but also promote future clinical applications for stem cell-based tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. Here, we primarily review the signaling mechanisms involved in adipogenesis and osteogenesis mediated by GR and discuss the factors that control the adipo-osteogenic balance.
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Arnellos A, Keijzer F. Bodily Complexity: Integrated Multicellular Organizations for Contraction-Based Motility. Front Physiol 2019; 10:1268. [PMID: 31680996 PMCID: PMC6803425 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.01268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2019] [Accepted: 09/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Compared to other forms of multicellularity, the animal case is unique. Animals-barring some exceptions-consist of collections of cells that are connected and integrated to such an extent that these collectives act as unitary, large free-moving entities capable of sensing macroscopic properties and events. This animal configuration is so well-known that it is often taken as a natural one that 'must' have evolved, given environmental conditions that make large free-moving units 'obviously' adaptive. Here we question the seemingly evolutionary inevitableness of animals and introduce a thesis of bodily complexity: The multicellular organization characteristic for typical animals requires the integration of a multitude of intrinsic bodily features between its sensorimotor, physiological, and developmental aspects, and the related contraction-based tissue- and cellular-level events and processes. The evolutionary road toward this bodily complexity involves, we argue, various intermediate organizational steps that accompany and support the wider transition from cilia-based to contraction/muscle-based motility, and which remain insufficiently acknowledged. Here, we stress the crucial and specific role played by muscle-based and myoepithelial tissue contraction-acting as a physical platform for organizing both the multicellular transmission of mechanical forces and multicellular signaling-as key foundation of animal motility, sensing and maintenance, and development. We illustrate and discuss these bodily features in the context of the four basal animal phyla-Porifera, Ctenophores, Placozoans, and Cnidarians-that split off before the bilaterians, a supergroup that incorporates all complex animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Argyris Arnellos
- IAS-Research Centre for Life, Mind & Society, Department of Logic and Philosophy of Science, University of the Basque Country, San Sebastián, Spain.,Department of Product and Systems Design Engineering, Complex Systems and Service Design Lab, University of the Aegean, Syros, Greece
| | - Fred Keijzer
- Department of Theoretical Philosophy, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
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15
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Zhao Y, Li J. A new NOTCH3 damaging variant in a thrombocytopenia family of Miao ethnic group. J Gene Med 2019; 21:e3130. [PMID: 31729093 DOI: 10.1002/jgm.3130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2019] [Revised: 09/15/2019] [Accepted: 10/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pediatric inherited thrombocytopenia, also known as a deficiency of platelets in children, is caused by genetic factors and it is hard to obtain an effective treatment. Thus, it is necessary to identify the possible genetic variants that are responsible for thrombocytopenia. METHODS Whole exome sequencing was used to detect genetic variants in two members of a thrombocytopenia family of Miao ethnic group. Multiple in silico analyses were performed to evaluate the effects of the novel missense variants. RESULTS Finally, a novel variant (chr19: g.15170364G>A) in the NOTCH3 gene was found, as confirmed with Sanger sequencing, which could result in a R1694Q substitution in the protein. This variant was consistently suggested to be damaging by sift (Sorting Tolerant From Intolerant; http://sift.jcvi.org), polyphen (Polymorphism Phenotyping, version 2.0; http://genetics.bwh.harvard.edu/pph2) and mutationtaster (http://www.mutationtaster.org) software. By building the 3D model of the key region of NOTCH3 protein and performing the structure simulation, we found that (i) this variant affected the 3D structure model with a root-mean-square deviation = 0.46 between wild-type and mutant type; (ii) this variant caused the protein to reduce the solvent accessible surface area by 421 Å2 ; and (iii) compared to the wild-type protein, the mutant protein had two less amino acids to maintain protein stability. CONCLUSIONS A novel damaging variant in the NOTCH3 gene was identified in a thrombocytopenia family with respect to decreasing the stability of NOTCH3, which may help with the prognosis and therapy of inherited thrombocytopenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingling Zhao
- Department of Hematology, Longgang District Central Hospital of Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Juheng Li
- Department of Hematology, People's Hospital of Longgang District of Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China
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16
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Peng Z, Li X, Fu M, Zhu K, Long L, Zhao X, Chen Q, Deng DYB, Wan Y. Inhibition of Notch1 signaling promotes neuronal differentiation and improves functional recovery in spinal cord injury through suppressing the activation of Ras homolog family member A. J Neurochem 2019; 150:709-722. [PMID: 31339573 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.14833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2019] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Neural stem cells (NSCs) transplantation represents a promising strategy for the repair of injured neurons, since NSCs not only produce multiple neurotrophic growth factors but also differentiate into mature cells to replace damaged cells. Previous studies have shown that Notch signaling pathway had negative effects on neuronal differentiation; however, the precise mechanism remained inadequately understood. This research aimed to investigate whether inhibition of Notch1 signaling promotes neuronal differentiation and improves functional recovery in rat spinal cord injury through suppressing the activation of Ras homolog family member A (RhoA). QPCR, western blot, and immunofluorescence experiments were used to analyze Notch1 signaling pathways, RhoA, Ras homologous -associated coiled-coil containing protein kinase 1 (ROCK1), cleaved caspased-3, and neuronal/astrocytic differentiation markers. The expression of RhoA and ROCK1 was inhibited by lentivirus or specific biochemical inhibitors. In spinal cord injury (SCI), motor function was assessed by hind limbs movements and electrophysiology. Tissue repairing was measured by immunofluorescence, Nissl staining, Fluorogold, HE staining, QPCR, western blot, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) experiments. Our results demonstrate that inhibition of Notch1 in NSCs can promote the differentiation of NSCs to neurons. Knockdown of RhoA and inhibition of ROCK1 both can promote neuronal differentiation through inhibiting the activation of Notch1 signaling pathway in NSCs. In SCI, silencing RhoA enhanced neuronal differentiation and improved tissue repairing/functional recovery by inhibiting the activation of Notch1 signaling pathway. Since Notch1 inhibits neuronal differentiation through activating the RhoA/ROCK1 signaling pathway in NSCs, our data suggest that the Notch1/RhoA/ROCK1/Hes1/Hes5 signaling pathway may serve as a novel target for the treatment of SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiming Peng
- Department of Spine Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiang Li
- Department of Spine Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mengxia Fu
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, NHC Key Laboratory of Assisted Circulation, Ministry of Health, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kai Zhu
- Department of Spine Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lingli Long
- Department of Translational Medicine Center Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoyang Zhao
- Department of Spine Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qingui Chen
- Department of Medical Intensive Care Unit, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - David Y B Deng
- Scientific Research Center and Department of Orthopedic, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yong Wan
- Department of Spine Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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17
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Safari-Arababadi A, Behjati-Ardakani M, Kalantar SM, Jaafarinia M. The Contribution of Gene Mutations to the Pathogenesisof Tetralogy of Fallot. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BASIC SCIENCE IN MEDICINE 2019. [DOI: 10.15171/ijbsm.2019.10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Congenital heart disease (CHD) is considered as an important and developing area in the medical community. Since these patients can reach maturity and have children, the role of genetic determinants in increasing risk of CHD is extremely evident among children of these patients. Because genetic studies related to CHD are increasing, and each day the role of new genetic markers is more and more clarified, this review re-examined the effects of gene mutations in the pathogenesis of tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) as an important pathological model among other CHDs. Due to the complexity of heart development, it is not astonishing that numerous signaling pathways and transcription factors, and many genes are involved in pathogenesis of TOF. This review focuses on the jag1, nkx2.5, gata4, zfpm2/fog2 and cited2 genes previously reported to be involved in TOF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amin Safari-Arababadi
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Fars Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shiraz, Iran
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Marvdasht Branch, Islamic Azad University, Marvdasht, Iran
| | | | - Seyed Mehdi Kalantar
- Genetic and Reproductive Unit, Recurrent Abortion Research Centre, Yazd Reproductive Sciences Institute, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Mojtaba Jaafarinia
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Fars Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shiraz, Iran
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Marvdasht Branch, Islamic Azad University, Marvdasht, Iran
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18
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Newman SA. Inherency of Form and Function in Animal Development and Evolution. Front Physiol 2019; 10:702. [PMID: 31275153 PMCID: PMC6593199 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.00702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2018] [Accepted: 05/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
I discuss recent work on the origins of morphology and cell-type diversification in Metazoa – collectively the animals – and propose a scenario for how these two properties became integrated, with the help of a third set of processes, cellular pattern formation, into the developmental programs seen in present-day metazoans. Inherent propensities to generate familiar forms and cell types, in essence a parts kit for the animals, are exhibited by present-day organisms and were likely more prominent in primitive ones. The structural motifs of animal bodies and organs, e.g., multilayered, hollow, elongated and segmented tissues, internal and external appendages, branched tubes, and modular endoskeletons, can be accounted for by the properties of mesoscale masses of metazoan cells. These material properties, in turn, resulted from the recruitment of “generic” physical forces and mechanisms – adhesion, contraction, polarity, chemical oscillation, diffusion – by toolkit molecules that were partly conserved from unicellular holozoan antecedents and partly novel, distributed in the different metazoan phyla in a fashion correlated with morphological complexity. The specialized functions of the terminally differentiated cell types in animals, e.g., contraction, excitability, barrier function, detoxification, excretion, were already present in ancestral unicellular organisms. These functions were implemented in metazoan differentiation in some cases using the same transcription factors as in single-celled ancestors, although controlled by regulatory mechanisms that were hybrids between earlier-evolved processes and regulatory innovations, such as enhancers. Cellular pattern formation, mediated by released morphogens interacting with biochemically responsive and excitable tissues, drew on inherent self-organizing processes in proto-metazoans to transform clusters of holozoan cells into animal embryos and organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stuart A Newman
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, United States
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19
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Si-Miao-Yong-An on promoting the maturation of Vasa Vasorum and stabilizing atherosclerotic plaque in ApoE-/- mice: An experimental study. Biomed Pharmacother 2019; 114:108785. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2019.108785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2018] [Revised: 02/23/2019] [Accepted: 03/13/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
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20
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Garcia-Concejo A, Jimenez-Gonzalez A, Rodriguez RE. Opioid and Notch signaling pathways are reciprocally regulated through miR- 29a and miR-212 expression. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2018; 1862:2605-2612. [PMID: 30251655 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2018.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2017] [Revised: 06/30/2018] [Accepted: 07/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The abuse of opioids, such as morphine and phentanyl or other drugs as heroin is a social and health problem that affects an increasing number of people each year. The activation of the mu opioid receptor triggers several molecular changes that alter the expression of diverse genes, including miRNAs. The dysregulation of these molecules could explain some of the developmental alterations that are induced after drug intake. In addition, the Notch signaling cascade has also been related to alterations on these processes. METHODS Zebrafish embryos and SH-SY5Y cells were used to assess the effects of opioid and Notch signaling on the expression on miR-29a and miR-212/132 by qPCR and ChIP-qPCR. Notch1 expression was analyzed using in situ hybridization on 24 hpf zebrafish embryos. In addition, OPRM1 and NICD levels were measured using western blot on the cultured cells to determine the cross-talk between the two pathways. RESULTS We have observed changes in the levels of miR-212/132 after administrating DAPT to zebrafish embryos indicating that this pathway could be regulating mu opioid receptor expression. In addition, the ISH experiment showed changes in Notch1 expression after morphine and DAPT administration. Moreover, morphine affects the expression of miR-29a through NF-κB, therefore controlling the cleavage and activation of Notch through ADAM12 expression. CONCLUSIONS This study shows that these two pathways are closely related, and could explain the alterations triggered in the early stages of the development of addiction. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE Opioid and Notch pathway are reciprocally regulated by the miRNAs 212/132 and 29a.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian Garcia-Concejo
- Institute of Neurosciences of Castilla y Leon (INCyL), C/Pintor Fernando Gallego, 1, 37007 Salamanca, Spain; Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), Hospital Universitario de Salamanca, Edificio Virgen de la Vega. Décima Planta, P° de San Vicente 58-182, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
| | - Ada Jimenez-Gonzalez
- Institute of Neurosciences of Castilla y Leon (INCyL), C/Pintor Fernando Gallego, 1, 37007 Salamanca, Spain; Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), Hospital Universitario de Salamanca, Edificio Virgen de la Vega. Décima Planta, P° de San Vicente 58-182, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
| | - Raquel E Rodriguez
- Institute of Neurosciences of Castilla y Leon (INCyL), C/Pintor Fernando Gallego, 1, 37007 Salamanca, Spain; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Salamanca, C/Alfonso X El Sabio, 0 S-N Campus Miguel De Unamuno, 37007 Salamanca, Spain; Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), Hospital Universitario de Salamanca, Edificio Virgen de la Vega. Décima Planta, P° de San Vicente 58-182, 37007 Salamanca, Spain.
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21
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Gorzkiewicz A, Szemraj J. Brain endocannabinoid signaling exhibits remarkable complexity. Brain Res Bull 2018; 142:33-46. [PMID: 29953913 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2018.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2018] [Revised: 06/06/2018] [Accepted: 06/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The endocannabinoid (eCB) signaling system is one of the most extensive of the mammalian brain. Despite the involvement of only few specific ligands and receptors, the system encompasses a vast diversity of triggered mechanisms and driven effects. It mediates a wide range of phenomena, including the regulation of transmitter release, neural excitability, synaptic plasticity, impulse spread, long-term neuronal potentiation, neurogenesis, cell death, lineage segregation, cell migration, inflammation, oxidative stress, nociception and the sleep cycle. It is also known to be involved in the processes of learning and memory formation. This extensive scope of action is attained by combining numerous variables. In a properly functioning brain, the correlations of these variables are kept in a strictly controlled balance; however, this balance is disrupted in many pathological conditions. However, while this balance is known to be disrupted by drugs in the case of addicts, the stimuli and mechanisms influencing the neurodegenerating brain remain elusive. This review examines the multiple factors and phenomena affecting the eCB signaling system in the brain. It evaluates techniques of controlling the eCB system to identify the obstacles in their applications and highlights the crucial interdependent variables that may influence biomedical research outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Gorzkiewicz
- Medical University of Lodz, ul.Mazowiecka 6/8, 92-215, Lodz, Poland.
| | - Janusz Szemraj
- Medical University of Lodz, ul.Mazowiecka 6/8, 92-215, Lodz, Poland
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22
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Luna-Escalante JC, Formosa-Jordan P, Ibañes M. Redundancy and cooperation in Notch intercellular signaling. Development 2018; 145:dev.154807. [PMID: 29242285 DOI: 10.1242/dev.154807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2017] [Accepted: 11/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
During metazoan development, Notch signaling drives spatially coordinated differentiation by establishing communication between adjacent cells. This occurs through either lateral inhibition, in which adjacent cells acquire distinct fates, or lateral induction, in which all cells become equivalent. Notch signaling is commonly activated by several distinct ligands, each of which drives signaling with a different efficiency upon binding to the Notch receptor of adjacent cells. Moreover, these ligands can also be distinctly regulated by Notch signaling. Under such complex circumstances, the overall spatial coordination becomes elusive. Here, we address this issue through both mathematical and computational analyses. Our results show that when two ligands have distinct efficiencies and compete for the same Notch receptor, they cooperate to drive new signaling states, thereby conferring additional robustness and evolvability to Notch signaling. Counterintuitively, whereas antagonistically regulated ligands cooperate to drive and enhance the response that is expected from the more efficient ligand, equivalently regulated ligands coordinate emergent spatial responses that are dependent on both ligands. Our study highlights the importance of ligand efficiency in multi-ligand scenarios, and can explain previously reported complex phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan C Luna-Escalante
- Departament de Física de la Matèria Condensada, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona 08028, Spain
| | - Pau Formosa-Jordan
- Departament de Física de la Matèria Condensada, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona 08028, Spain
| | - Marta Ibañes
- Departament de Física de la Matèria Condensada, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona 08028, Spain .,Universitat de Barcelona Institute of Complex Systems (UBICS), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona 08028, Spain
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23
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Cui C, Chen X, Liu Y, Cao B, Xing Y, Liu C, Yang F, Li Y, Yang T, Hua L, Tian M, Wei Y, Gong Y, Jiang J. β1,4-Galactosyltransferase V activates Notch1 signaling in glioma stem-like cells and promotes their transdifferentiation into endothelial cells. J Biol Chem 2017; 293:2219-2230. [PMID: 29269413 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra117.000682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2017] [Revised: 12/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Malignant glioblastoma multiforme is one of the most aggressive human cancers, with very low survival rates. Recent studies have reported that glioma stem-like cells transdifferentiate into endothelial cells, indicating a new mechanism for tumor angiogenesis and potentially providing new therapeutic options for glioblastoma treatment. Glioma malignancy is strongly associated with altered expression of N-linked oligosaccharide structures on the cell surface. We have previously reported that β1,4-galactosyltransferase V (β1,4GalTV), which galactosylates the GlcNAcβ1-6Man arm of the branched N-glycans, is highly expressed in glioma and promotes glioma cell growth in vitro and in vivo However, the mechanism by which β1,4GalTV stimulates glioma growth is unknown. Here we demonstrate that short hairpin RNA-mediated β1,4GalTV knockdown inhibits the tumorigenesis of glioma stem-like cells and reduces their transdifferentiation into endothelial cells. We also found that β1,4GalTV overexpression increased glioma stem-like cell transdifferentiation into endothelial cells and that this effect required β1,4GalTV galactosylation activity. Moreover, β1,4GalTV promoted β1,4-galactosylation of Notch1 and increased Notch1 protein levels. Of note, ectopic expression of activated Notch1 rescued the inhibitory effect of β1,4GalTV depletion on glioma stem-like cell transdifferentiation. In summary, our findings indicate that β1,4GalTV stimulates transdifferentiation of glioma stem-like cells into endothelial cells by activating Notch1 signaling. These detailed insights shed important light on the mechanisms regulating glioma angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunhong Cui
- From the Key Laboratory of Glycoconjugates Research, Ministry of Public Health, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shanghai Medical College of Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Xiaoning Chen
- From the Key Laboratory of Glycoconjugates Research, Ministry of Public Health, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shanghai Medical College of Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Ying Liu
- From the Key Laboratory of Glycoconjugates Research, Ministry of Public Health, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shanghai Medical College of Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Benjin Cao
- From the Key Laboratory of Glycoconjugates Research, Ministry of Public Health, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shanghai Medical College of Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yang Xing
- From the Key Laboratory of Glycoconjugates Research, Ministry of Public Health, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shanghai Medical College of Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Chanjuan Liu
- From the Key Laboratory of Glycoconjugates Research, Ministry of Public Health, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shanghai Medical College of Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Fan Yang
- From the Key Laboratory of Glycoconjugates Research, Ministry of Public Health, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shanghai Medical College of Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yinan Li
- From the Key Laboratory of Glycoconjugates Research, Ministry of Public Health, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shanghai Medical College of Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Tianxiao Yang
- From the Key Laboratory of Glycoconjugates Research, Ministry of Public Health, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shanghai Medical College of Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Lingyang Hua
- the Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China, and
| | - Mi Tian
- the Department of Critical Care Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Yuanyan Wei
- From the Key Laboratory of Glycoconjugates Research, Ministry of Public Health, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shanghai Medical College of Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China,
| | - Ye Gong
- the Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China, and .,the Department of Critical Care Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Jianhai Jiang
- From the Key Laboratory of Glycoconjugates Research, Ministry of Public Health, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shanghai Medical College of Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China,
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24
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Lu YF, Cahan P, Ross S, Sahalie J, Sousa PM, Hadland BK, Cai W, Serrao E, Engelman AN, Bernstein ID, Daley GQ. Engineered Murine HSCs Reconstitute Multi-lineage Hematopoiesis and Adaptive Immunity. Cell Rep 2017; 17:3178-3192. [PMID: 28009288 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2016.11.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2015] [Revised: 10/03/2016] [Accepted: 11/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) transplantation is curative for malignant and genetic blood disorders, but is limited by donor availability and immune-mismatch. Deriving HSCs from patient-matched embryonic/induced-pluripotent stem cells (ESCs/iPSCs) could address these limitations. Prior efforts in murine models exploited ectopic HoxB4 expression to drive self-renewal and enable multi-lineage reconstitution, yet fell short in delivering robust lymphoid engraftment. Here, by titrating exposure of HoxB4-ESC-HSC to Notch ligands, we report derivation of engineered HSCs that self-renew, repopulate multi-lineage hematopoiesis in primary and secondary engrafted mice, and endow adaptive immunity in immune-deficient recipients. Single-cell analysis shows that following engraftment in the bone marrow niche, these engineered HSCs further specify to a hybrid cell type, in which distinct gene regulatory networks of hematopoietic stem/progenitors and differentiated hematopoietic lineages are co-expressed. Our work demonstrates engineering of fully functional HSCs via modulation of genetic programs that govern self-renewal and lineage priming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Fen Lu
- Stem Cell Transplantation Program, Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Children's Hospital Boston, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Patrick Cahan
- Stem Cell Transplantation Program, Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Children's Hospital Boston, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Samantha Ross
- Stem Cell Transplantation Program, Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Children's Hospital Boston, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Julie Sahalie
- Stem Cell Transplantation Program, Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Children's Hospital Boston, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Patricia M Sousa
- Stem Cell Transplantation Program, Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Children's Hospital Boston, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Brandon K Hadland
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98105, USA
| | - Wenqing Cai
- Stem Cell Transplantation Program, Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Children's Hospital Boston, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Erik Serrao
- Department of Cancer Immunology and Virology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Alan N Engelman
- Department of Cancer Immunology and Virology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Irwin D Bernstein
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98105, USA
| | - George Q Daley
- Stem Cell Transplantation Program, Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Children's Hospital Boston, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.
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Majot AT, Bidwai AP. Analysis of transient hypermorphic activity of E(spl)D during R8 specification. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0186439. [PMID: 29036187 PMCID: PMC5643056 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0186439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2017] [Accepted: 10/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Drosophila atonal (ato) is required for the specification of founding R8 photoreceptors during retinal development. ato is regulated via dual eye-specific enhancers; ato-3’ is subject to initial induction whereas 5’-ato facilitates Notch-mediated autoregulation. Notch is further utilized to induce bHLH repressors of the E(spl) locus to restrict Ato from its initial broad expression to individual cells. Although Notch operates in two, distinct phases, it has remained unclear how the two phases maintain independence from one another. The difference in these two phases has attributed to the hypothesized delayed expression of E(spl). However, immunofluorescence data indicate that E(spl) are expressed during early Ato patterning, suggesting a more sophisticated underlying mechanism. To probe this mechanism, we provide evidence that although E(spl) exert no influence on ato-3’, E(spl) repress 5’-ato and deletion of the E(spl) locus elicits precocious 5’-ato activity. Thus, E(spl) imposes a delay to the timing in which Ato initiates autoregulation. We next sought to understand this finding in the context of E(spl)D, which encodes a dysregulated variant of E(spl)M8 that perturbs R8 patterning, though, as previously reported, only in conjunction with the mutant receptor Nspl. We established a genetic interaction between E(spl)D and roughened eye (roe), a known modulator of Notch signaling in retinogenesis. This link further suggests a dosage-dependence between E(spl) and the proneural activators Ato and Sens, as indicated via interaction assays in which E(spl)D renders aberrant R8 patterning in conjunction with reduced proneural dosage. In total, the biphasicity of Notch signaling relies, to some degree, on the post-translational regulation of individual E(spl) members and, importantly, that post-translational regulation is likely necessary to modulate the level of E(spl) activity throughout the progression of Ato expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam T. Majot
- Department of Biology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, United States of America
| | - Ashok P. Bidwai
- Department of Biology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Cao J, Wei Y, Lian J, Yang L, Zhang X, Xie J, Liu Q, Luo J, He B, Tang M. Notch signaling pathway promotes osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells by enhancing BMP9/Smad signaling. Int J Mol Med 2017; 40:378-388. [PMID: 28656211 PMCID: PMC5504972 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2017.3037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2016] [Accepted: 04/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Notch is an important pathway in that it regulates cell-to-cell signal transduction, which plays an essential role in skeletal remodeling. Bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)9 has been regarded as one of the most efficient BMPs by which to induce osteogenic differentiation in mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). Understanding the interaction between Notch and BMP9 signaling is a critical issue for optimizing the application of MSCs and BMPs in bone tissue engineering. In the present study, we investigated the role of Notch signaling in the BMP9‑induced osteogenic differentiation of MSCs. Our data demonstrated that Notch signaling obviously enhanced BMP9‑induced osteogenic differentiation in MSCs in vitro and in vivo. Notch signaling augmented the activity of BMP9‑induced BMP/Smad signaling and increased the gene expression of essential osteogenic factors induced by BMP9 in MSCs, such as runt‑related transcription factor 2 (Runx2), type I collagen (Colla1) and inhibitor of differentiation (Id)1. We also found that Notch signaling promoted the expression of activin‑like kinase 2 (ALK2) induced by BMP9, and the inhibitory effect of dnALK2 on BMP9‑induced osteogenic differentiation was rescued by constitutive overexpression of Delta‑like 1 (DLL1). Notch signaling also exhibited an apparent effect on the proliferation of mouse embryo fibroblasts (MEFs) during BMP9‑induced osteogenic differentiation. These results indicate that Notch plays a significant role in mediating BMP9‑induced osteogenic differentiation in MSCs, which may be partly regulated by upregulation of the expression of ALK2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junjie Cao
- Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine Designated by the Chinese Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
| | - Yalin Wei
- Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine Designated by the Chinese Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
| | - Jing Lian
- Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine Designated by the Chinese Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
| | - Lunyun Yang
- Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine Designated by the Chinese Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoyan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine Designated by the Chinese Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
| | - Jiaying Xie
- Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine Designated by the Chinese Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
| | - Qiang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine Designated by the Chinese Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
| | - Jinyong Luo
- Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine Designated by the Chinese Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
| | - Baicheng He
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
| | - Min Tang
- Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine Designated by the Chinese Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
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Guisoni N, Martinez-Corral R, Garcia Ojalvo J, de Navascués J. Diversity of fate outcomes in cell pairs under lateral inhibition. Development 2017; 144:1177-1186. [DOI: 10.1242/dev.137950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2016] [Accepted: 01/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Cell fate determination by lateral inhibition via Notch/Delta signalling has been extensively studied. Most formalised models consider Notch/Delta interactions in fields of cells, with parameters that typically lead to symmetry breaking of signalling states between neighbouring cells, commonly resulting in salt-and-pepper fate patterns. Here we consider the case of signalling between isolated cell pairs, and find that the bifurcation properties of a standard mathematical model of lateral inhibition can lead to stable symmetric signalling states. We apply this model to the adult intestinal stem cell (ISC) of Drosophila, whose fate is stochastic but dependent on the Notch/Delta pathway. We observe a correlation between signalling state in cell pairs and their contact area. We interpret this behaviour in terms of the properties of our model in the presence of population variability in contact areas, which affects the effective signalling threshold of individual cells. Our results suggest that the dynamics of Notch/Delta signalling can contribute to explain stochasticity in stem cell fate decisions, and that the standard model for lateral inhibition can account for a wider range of developmental outcomes than previously considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nara Guisoni
- Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona Biomedical Research Park (PRBB), Dr. Aiguader 88, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
- Instituto de Física de Líquidos y Sistemas Biológicos, CONICET & Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Calle 59-789, 1900 La Plata, Argentina
| | - Rosa Martinez-Corral
- Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona Biomedical Research Park (PRBB), Dr. Aiguader 88, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jordi Garcia Ojalvo
- Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona Biomedical Research Park (PRBB), Dr. Aiguader 88, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Joaquín de Navascués
- European Cancer Stem Cell Research Institute, School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Hadyn Ellis Building, Maindy Road, Cardiff CF24 4HQ, UK
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28
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Tang X, Xu S, Li R, Zhang H, Chen Q, Wu W, Liu H. Polycomb repressive complex 1 (PRC1) regulates meiotic initiation of ovarian germ cells in chick embryos. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2016; 437:171-182. [PMID: 27546728 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2016.08.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2016] [Revised: 07/26/2016] [Accepted: 08/15/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Meiosis is essential for gametogenesis and exhibits sex-specific property during embryonic development. Retinoic acid (RA) signalling initiates germ cell meiosis by activating Stra8 (stimulated by RA gene 8). Although additional factors are involved in regulating the meiotic initiation of germ cells, their regulatory mechanisms are unclear. In this study, we found that Polycomb repressive complex 1 (PRC1) is largely expressed in chicken ovarian germ and somatic cells during early stages of meiosis. We demonstrated that PRC1 regulates Stra8, pluripotent factors and paracrine factors (Notch ligands) leading to a synergistic effect on the suppression of germ cell meiotic initiation. Finally, we observed that repression of PRC1 resulted in precocious meiotic initiation and apoptosis of ovarian cells in vivo. These results aid in understanding the regulation of meiotic initiation in germ cells by PRC1 and provide evidence to support the hypothesis that regulation of meiotic initiation is conserved in higher vertebrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaochuan Tang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Shiyong Xu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jingling Institute of Technology, Nanjing 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Rongyang Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongpeng Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Qing Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jingling Institute of Technology, Nanjing 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Wangjun Wu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Honglin Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, People's Republic of China.
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29
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The latency related gene of bovine herpesvirus types 1 and 5 and its modulation of cellular processes. Arch Virol 2016; 161:3299-3308. [DOI: 10.1007/s00705-016-3067-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2016] [Accepted: 09/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Baeten JT, Lilly B. Notch Signaling in Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells. ADVANCES IN PHARMACOLOGY 2016; 78:351-382. [PMID: 28212801 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apha.2016.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The Notch signaling pathway is a highly conserved pathway involved in cell fate determination in embryonic development and also functions in the regulation of physiological processes in several systems. It plays an especially important role in vascular development and physiology by influencing angiogenesis, vessel patterning, arterial/venous specification, and vascular smooth muscle biology. Aberrant or dysregulated Notch signaling is the cause of or a contributing factor to many vascular disorders, including inherited vascular diseases, such as cerebral autosomal dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy, associated with degeneration of the smooth muscle layer in cerebral arteries. Like most signaling pathways, the Notch signaling axis is influenced by complex interactions with mediators of other signaling pathways. This complexity is also compounded by different members of the Notch family having both overlapping and unique functions. Thus, it is vital to fully understand the roles and interactions of each Notch family member in order to effectively and specifically target their exact contributions to vascular disease. In this chapter, we will review the Notch signaling pathway in vascular smooth muscle cells as it relates to vascular development and human disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- J T Baeten
- The Center for Cardiovascular Research and The Heart Center at Nationwide Children's Hospital, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - B Lilly
- The Center for Cardiovascular Research and The Heart Center at Nationwide Children's Hospital, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States.
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31
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Newman SA. 'Biogeneric' developmental processes: drivers of major transitions in animal evolution. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2016; 371:20150443. [PMID: 27431521 PMCID: PMC4958937 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2015.0443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/23/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Using three examples drawn from animal systems, I advance the hypothesis that major transitions in multicellular evolution often involved the constitution of new cell-based materials with unprecedented morphogenetic capabilities. I term the materials and formative processes that arise when highly evolved cells are incorporated into mesoscale matter 'biogeneric', to reflect their commonality with, and distinctiveness from, the organizational properties of non-living materials. The first transition arose by the innovation of classical cell-adhesive cadherins with transmembrane linkage to the cytoskeleton and the appearance of the morphogen Wnt, transforming some ancestral unicellular holozoans into 'liquid tissues', and thereby originating the metazoans. The second transition involved the new capabilities, within a basal metazoan population, of producing a mechanically stable basal lamina, and of planar cell polarization. This gave rise to the eumetazoans, initially diploblastic (two-layered) forms, and then with the addition of extracellular matrices promoting epithelial-mesenchymal transformation, three-layered triploblasts. The last example is the fin-to-limb transition. Here, the components of a molecular network that promoted the development of species-idiosyncratic endoskeletal elements in gnathostome ancestors are proposed to have evolved to a dynamical regime in which they constituted a Turing-type reaction-diffusion system capable of organizing the stereotypical arrays of elements of lobe-finned fish and tetrapods. The contrasting implications of the biogeneric materials-based and neo-Darwinian perspectives for understanding major evolutionary transitions are discussed.This article is part of the themed issue 'The major synthetic evolutionary transitions'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stuart A Newman
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY 10595, USA
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Suliman MA, Zhang Z, Na H, Ribeiro ALL, Zhang Y, Niang B, Hamid AS, Zhang H, Xu L, Zuo Y. Niclosamide inhibits colon cancer progression through downregulation of the Notch pathway and upregulation of the tumor suppressor miR-200 family. Int J Mol Med 2016; 38:776-84. [PMID: 27460529 PMCID: PMC4990307 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2016.2689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2015] [Accepted: 06/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is among the most frequent causes of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Thus, there is a need for the development of new therapeutic approaches for the treatment of CRC. Accumulating evidence has revealed that niclosamide, an anthelminthic drug, exerts antitumor activity in several types of cancer, including colon cancer. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms responsible for the effects of this drug remain elusive. Previous studies have shown that the aberrant Notch signaling pathway contributes to the carcinogenesis of colon cancer. Herein, we examined the effects of niclosamide on the growth, migration and apoptosis of colon cancer cells, and the role of the Notch signaling pathway. By performing MTT, wound-healing and Transwell migration assays, we observed that niclosamide suppressed the growth and migration of colon cancer cells, and flow cytometry demonstrated that cell apoptosis was induced. This was associated with the decreased protein expression of Notch1, Notch2, Notch3 and Hey1, and the increased expression of the tumor suppressor microRNA (miR or miRNA)-200 family members (miR-200a, miR-200b, miR-200c, miR-141 and miR-429) that are typically downregulated in colon cancer. Collectively, these findings demonstrate that niclosamide potentially inhibits the progression of colon cancer by downregulating Notch signaling and by upregulating the miR-200 family members.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed A Suliman
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116044, P.R. China
| | - Zhenxing Zhang
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116044, P.R. China
| | - Heya Na
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116044, P.R. China
| | - Ailton L L Ribeiro
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116044, P.R. China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116044, P.R. China
| | - Bachir Niang
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Glycobiology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116044, P.R. China
| | - Abdu Salim Hamid
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Science, Asmara College of Health Sciences, Asmara, Eritrea
| | - Hua Zhang
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116044, P.R. China
| | - Lijie Xu
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116044, P.R. China
| | - Yunfei Zuo
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116044, P.R. China
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Wu JR, Yeh JL, Liou SF, Dai ZK, Wu BN, Hsu JH. Gamma-secretase Inhibitor Prevents Proliferation and Migration of Ductus Arteriosus Smooth Muscle Cells through the Notch3-HES1/2/5 Pathway. Int J Biol Sci 2016; 12:1063-73. [PMID: 27570480 PMCID: PMC4997050 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.16430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2016] [Accepted: 06/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) can cause morbidity and mortality in neonates. Vascular remodeling, characterized by proliferation and migration of smooth muscle cells (SMCs), is an essential process for postnatal DA closure. Notch signaling is an important mediator of vascular remodelling but its role in DA is unkonwn. We investigated the effects and underlying mechanisms of γ-secretase inhibitor DAPT, a Notch signaling inhibitor on angiotensin II (Ang II)-induced proliferation and migration of DASMCs. Proliferation and migration of DASMCs cultured from neonatal Wistar rats were induced by Ang II, with or without DAPT pre-treatment. In addition, potential underlying mechanisms including cell cycle progression, Ca(2+) influx, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, signal transduction of MAPK and Akt, and Notch receptor with its target gene pathway were examined. We found that DAPT inhibited Ang II-induced DASMCs proliferation and migration dose dependently. DAPT also arrested the cell cycle progression in the G0/G1-phase, and attenuated calcium overload and ROS production caused by Ang II. Moreover, DAPT inhibited nuclear translocation of Notch3 receptor intracellular domain, with decreased expression of its down-stream genes including HES1, HES2 and HES5. Finally, Ang II-activated ERK1/2, JNK and Akt were also counteracted by DAPT. In conclusion, DAPT inhibits Ang II-induced DASMCs proliferation and migration. These effects are potentially mediated by decreased calcium influx, reduced ROS production, and down-regulation of ERK1/2, JNK and Akt, through the Notch3-HES1/2/5 pathway. Therefore, Notch signaling has a role in DA remodeling and may provide a target pathway for therapeutic intervention of PDA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiunn-Ren Wu
- 1. Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; 2. Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; 3. Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Jwu-Lai Yeh
- 1. Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; 4. Department and Graduate Institute of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Fen Liou
- 5. Department of Pharmacy, Chia-Nan University of Pharmacy and Science, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Zen-Kong Dai
- 1. Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; 2. Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; 3. Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Bin-Nan Wu
- 4. Department and Graduate Institute of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Jong-Hau Hsu
- 1. Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; 2. Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; 3. Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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Bandyopadhyay M, Bishop CP, Bidwai AP. The Conserved MAPK Site in E(spl)-M8, an Effector of Drosophila Notch Signaling, Controls Repressor Activity during Eye Development. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0159508. [PMID: 27428327 PMCID: PMC4948772 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0159508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2016] [Accepted: 07/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The specification of patterned R8 photoreceptors at the onset of eye development depends on timely inhibition of Atonal (Ato) by the Enhancer of split (E(spl) repressors. Repression of Ato by E(spl)-M8 requires the kinase CK2 and is inhibited by the phosphatase PP2A. The region targeted by CK2 harbors additional conserved Ser residues, raising the prospect of regulation via multi-site phosphorylation. Here we investigate one such motif that meets the consensus for modification by MAPK, a well-known effector of Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) signaling. Our studies reveal an important role for the predicted MAPK site of M8 during R8 birth. Ala/Asp mutations reveal that the CK2 and MAPK sites ensure that M8 repression of Ato and the R8 fate occurs in a timely manner and at a specific stage (stage-2/3) of the morphogenetic furrow (MF). M8 repression of Ato is mitigated by halved EGFR dosage, and this effect requires an intact MAPK site. Accordingly, variants with a phosphomimetic Asp at the MAPK site exhibit earlier (inappropriate) activity against Ato even at stage-1 of the MF, where a positive feedback-loop is necessary to raise Ato levels to a threshold sufficient for the R8 fate. Analysis of deletion variants reveals that both kinase sites (CK2 and MAPK) contribute to ‘cis’-inhibition of M8. This key regulation by CK2 and MAPK is bypassed by the E(spl)D mutation encoding the truncated protein M8*, which potently inhibits Ato at stage-1 of R8 birth. We also provide evidence that PP2A likely targets the MAPK site. Thus multi-site phosphorylation controls timely onset of M8 repressor activity in the eye, a regulation that appears to be dispensable in the bristle. The high conservation of the CK2 and MAPK sites in the insect E(spl) proteins M7, M5 and Mγ, and their mammalian homologue HES6, suggest that this mode of regulation may enable E(spl)/HES proteins to orchestrate repression by distinct tissue-specific mechanisms, and is likely to have broader applicability than has been previously recognized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohna Bandyopadhyay
- Department of Biology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, United States of America
| | - Clifton P. Bishop
- Department of Biology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, United States of America
| | - Ashok P. Bidwai
- Department of Biology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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35
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Liu S, Cao Y, Qu M, Zhang Z, Feng L, Ye Z, Xiao M, Hou ST, Zheng R, Han Z. Curcumin protects against stroke and increases levels of Notch intracellular domain. Neurol Res 2016; 38:553-9. [DOI: 10.1080/01616412.2016.1187804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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36
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Abstract
Type two diabetes (T2D) is a challenging metabolic disorder for which a cure has not yet been found. Its etiology is associated with several phenomena, including significant loss of insulin-producing, beta cell (β cell) mass via progressive programmed cell death and disrupted cellular autophagy. In diabetes, the etiology of β cell death and the role of mitochondria are complex and involve several layers of mechanisms. Understanding the dynamics of those mechanisms could permit researchers to develop an intervention for the progressive loss of β cells. Currently, diabetes research has shifted toward rejuvenation and plasticity technology and away from the simplified approach of hormonal compensation. Diabetes research is currently challenged by questions such as how to enhance cell survival, decrease apoptosis and replenish β cell mass in diabetic patients. In this review, we discuss evidence that β cell development and mass formation are guided by specific signaling systems, particularly hormones, transcription factors, and growth factors, all of which could be manipulated to enhance mass growth. There is also strong evidence that β cells are dynamically active cells, which, under specific conditions such as obesity, can increase in size and subsequently increase insulin secretion. In certain cases of aggressive or advanced forms of T2D, β cells become markedly impaired, and the only alternatives for maintaining glucose homeostasis are through partial or complete cell grafting (the Edmonton protocol). In these cases, the harvesting of an enriched population of viable β cells is required for transplantation. This task necessitates a deep understanding of the pharmacological agents that affect β cell survival, mass, and function. The aim of this review is to initiate discussion about the important signals in pancreatic β cell development and mass formation and to highlight the process by which cell death occurs in diabetes. This review also examines the attempts that have been made to recover or increase cell mass in diabetic patients by using various pharmacological agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Husnia I Marrif
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Benghazi Benghazi, Libya
| | - Salma I Al-Sunousi
- Department of Histology and Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Benghazi Benghazi, Libya
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Liu Y, Jones C. Regulation of Notch-mediated transcription by a bovine herpesvirus 1 encoded protein (ORF2) that is expressed in latently infected sensory neurons. J Neurovirol 2016; 22:518-28. [PMID: 26846632 DOI: 10.1007/s13365-015-0394-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2015] [Revised: 10/02/2015] [Accepted: 10/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Bovine herpesvirus 1 (BoHV-1) is an Alphaherpesvirinae subfamily member that establishes life-long latency in sensory neurons. The latency-related RNA (LR-RNA) is abundantly expressed during latency. An LR mutant virus containing stop codons at the amino-terminus of open reading frame (ORF)2 does not reactivate from latency and replicates less efficiently in tonsils and trigeminal ganglia. ORF2 inhibits apoptosis, interacts with Notch family members, and interferes with Notch-dependent transcription suggesting ORF2 expression enhances survival of infected neurons. The Notch signaling pathway is crucial for neuronal differentiation and survival suggesting that interactions between ORF2 and Notch family members regulate certain aspects of latency. Consequently, for this study, we compared whether ORF2 interfered with the four mammalian Notch family members. ORF2 consistently interfered with Notch1-3-mediated transactivation of three cellular promoters. Conversely, Notch4-mediated transcription was not consistently inhibited by ORF2. Electrophoretic shift mobility assays using four copies of a consensus-DNA binding site for Notch/CSL (core binding factor (CBF)-1, Suppressor of Hairless, Lag-2) as a probe revealed ORF2 interfered with Notch1 and 3 interactions with a CSL family member bound to DNA. Additional studies demonstrated ORF2 enhances neurite sprouting in mouse neuroblastoma cells that express Notch1-3, but not Notch4. Collectively, these studies indicate that ORF2 inhibits Notch-mediated transcription and signaling by interfering with Notch interacting with CSL bound to DNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yilin Liu
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Nebraska Center for Virology, Morisson Life Science Center, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, 68583-0900, USA
| | - Clinton Jones
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Nebraska Center for Virology, Morisson Life Science Center, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, 68583-0900, USA. .,Center for Veterinary Health Sciences, Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, Oklahoma State University, 157C McElroy Hall, Stillwater, OK, 74078, USA.
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Zhang Q, Yuan Y, Cui J, Xiao T, Jiang D. Paeoniflorin inhibits proliferation and invasion of breast cancer cells through suppressing Notch-1 signaling pathway. Biomed Pharmacother 2016; 78:197-203. [PMID: 26898442 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2016.01.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2015] [Revised: 12/20/2015] [Accepted: 01/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Paeoniflorin (PF), one of the major active ingredients of Chinese peony, was reported to possess anti-tumor effect. However, the role of PF in breast cancer remains to be clarified. Therefore, in this context, the present study investigated the effects of PF on breast cancer cell proliferation and invasion, as well as the underlying mechanism. Our results found that PF suppressed the proliferation and invasion of breast cancer cells. We further demonstrated that PF down-regulated the expression of Notch-1; in addition, overexpression of Notch-1 reversed PF-inhibited proliferation and invasion, and knockdown of Notch-1 enhanced PF-inhibited proliferation and invasion in breast cancer cells. In conclusion, the present study suggests that PF inhibits proliferation and invasion of breast cancer cells through suppressing Notch-1 signaling pathway. Therefore, PF may represent a chemopreventive and/or therapeutic agent in the prevention of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Zhang
- Department of Breast Surgery, Liaoning Cancer Hospital & Institute, Shenyang 110042, China
| | - Yonghui Yuan
- Department of Infection, Liaoning Cancer Hospital & Institute, Shenyang 110042, China
| | - Jianchun Cui
- Department of Endocrine Surgery, People's Hospital of Liaoning Province, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Tingting Xiao
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, 999077, Hong Kong, China
| | - Daqing Jiang
- Department of Breast Surgery, Liaoning Cancer Hospital & Institute, Shenyang 110042, China.
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β-Catenin, a Transcription Factor Activated by Canonical Wnt Signaling, Is Expressed in Sensory Neurons of Calves Latently Infected with Bovine Herpesvirus 1. J Virol 2016; 90:3148-59. [PMID: 26739046 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.02971-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2015] [Accepted: 12/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Like many Alphaherpesvirinae subfamily members, bovine herpesvirus 1 (BoHV-1) expresses an abundant transcript in latently infected sensory neurons, the latency-related (LR)-RNA. LR-RNA encodes a protein (ORF2) that inhibits apoptosis, interacts with Notch family members, interferes with Notch-mediated transcription, and stimulates neurite formation in cells expressing Notch. An LR mutant virus containing stop codons at the amino terminus of ORF2 does not reactivate from latency or replicate efficiently in certain tissues, indicating that LR gene products are important. In this study, β-catenin, a transcription factor activated by the canonical Wnt signaling pathway, was frequently detected in ORF2-positive trigeminal ganglionic neurons of latently infected, but not mock-infected, calves. Conversely, the lytic cycle regulatory protein (BoHV-1 infected cell protein 0, or bICP0) was not frequently detected in β-catenin-positive neurons in latently infected calves. During dexamethasone-induced reactivation from latency, mRNA expression levels of two Wnt antagonists, Dickkopf-1 (DKK-1) and secreted Frizzled-related protein 2 (SFRP2), were induced in bovine trigeminal ganglia (TG), which correlated with reduced β-catenin protein expression in TG neurons 6 h after dexamethasone treatment. ORF2 and a coactivator of β-catenin, mastermind-like protein 1 (MAML1), stabilized β-catenin protein levels and stimulated β-catenin-dependent transcription in mouse neuroblastoma cells more effectively than MAML1 or ORF2 alone. Neuroblastoma cells expressing ORF2, MAML1, and β-catenin were highly resistant to cell death following serum withdrawal, whereas most cells transfected with only one of these genes died. The Wnt signaling pathway interferes with neurodegeneration but promotes neuronal differentiation, suggesting that stabilization of β-catenin expression by ORF2 promotes neuronal survival and differentiation. IMPORTANCE Bovine herpesvirus 1 (BoHV-1) is an important pathogen of cattle, and like many Alphaherpesvirinae subfamily members establishes latency in sensory neurons. Lifelong latency and the ability to reactivate from latency are crucial for virus transmission. Maintaining the survival and normal functions of terminally differentiated neurons is also crucial for lifelong latency. Our studies revealed that BoHV-1 gene products expressed during latency stabilize expression of the transcription factor β-catenin and perhaps its cofactor, mastermind-like protein 1 (MAML1). In contrast to expression during latency, β-catenin expression in sensory neurons is not detectable following treatment of latently infected calves with the synthetic corticosteroid dexamethasone to initiate reactivation from latency. A viral protein (ORF2) expressed in a subset of latently infected neurons stabilized β-catenin and MAML1 in transfected cells. ORF2, β-catenin, and MAML1 also enhanced cell survival when growth factors were withdrawn, suggesting that these genes enhance survival of latently infected neurons.
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Abstract
Lineage tracing studies have revealed that transcription factors play a cardinal role in pancreatic development, differentiation and function. Three transitions define pancreatic organogenesis, differentiation and maturation. In the primary transition, when pancreatic organogenesis is initiated, there is active proliferation of pancreatic progenitor cells. During the secondary transition, defined by differentiation, there is growth, branching, differentiation and pancreatic cell lineage allocation. The tertiary transition is characterized by differentiated pancreatic cells that undergo further remodeling, including apoptosis, replication and neogenesis thereby establishing a mature organ. Transcription factors function at multiple levels and may regulate one another and auto-regulate. The interaction between extrinsic signals from non-pancreatic tissues and intrinsic transcription factors form a complex gene regulatory network ultimately culminating in the different cell lineages and tissue types in the developing pancreas. Mutations in these transcription factors clinically manifest as subtypes of diabetes mellitus. Current treatment for diabetes is not curative and thus, developmental biologists and stem cell researchers are utilizing knowledge of normal pancreatic development to explore novel therapeutic alternatives. This review summarizes current knowledge of transcription factors involved in pancreatic development and β-cell differentiation in rodents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reshmi Dassaye
- a Discipline of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Nelson R. Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal , Durban , South Africa
| | - Strini Naidoo
- a Discipline of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Nelson R. Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal , Durban , South Africa
| | - Marlon E Cerf
- b Diabetes Discovery Platform, South African Medical Research Council , Cape Town , South Africa
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Qian K, Zhang J, Lu J, Liu W, Yao X, Chen Q, Lu S, Xiang G, Liu H. FAM172A modulates apoptosis and proliferation of colon cancer cells via STAT1 binding to its promoter. Oncol Rep 2015; 35:1273-80. [PMID: 26676844 PMCID: PMC4750756 DOI: 10.3892/or.2015.4485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2015] [Accepted: 11/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
In our previous study, low expression of FAM172A protein was found in colon cancer tissues. This research was planned to explore the functions of FAM172A gene and examine the mechanisms of its transcriptional regulation. Firstly, flow cytometry showed that FAM172A inhibited proliferation and promoted apoptosis and differentiation of colon cancer cells. Then through continuous truncation, we identified the minimal functional promoter region of FAM172A. Subsequently, we found that STAT1, as a transcription factor, could bind to the minimal FAM172A promoter, as evaluated using Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) and Electrophoreticmobility shift assay (EMSA). The results of Western blot analysis and qRT-PCR indicated that STAT1 was able to upregulate the expression of FAM172A. Our results showed that FAM172A could suppress proliferation of colon cancer cells, and STAT1 could bind to the minimum promoter region of FAM172A and upregulated the expression of FAM172A. These results may provide advanced insights into the functions of FAM172A and its regulatory mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Qian
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, P.R. China
| | - Jinqian Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Second People's Hospital of Guangdong Province, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510317, P.R. China
| | - Jingbo Lu
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, P.R. China
| | - Wenjun Liu
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, P.R. China
| | - Xingxing Yao
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, P.R. China
| | - Qing Chen
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, P.R. China
| | - Shun Lu
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, P.R. China
| | - Guoan Xiang
- Department of General Surgery, The Second People's Hospital of Guangdong Province, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510317, P.R. China
| | - Hao Liu
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, P.R. China
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Zhang Y, Xie X, Zhu Y, Liu L, Feng W, Pan Y, Zhai C, Ke R, Li S, Song Y, Fan Y, Fan F, Wang X, Li F, Li M. Inhibition of Notch3 prevents monocrotaline-induced pulmonary arterial hypertension. Exp Lung Res 2015; 41:435-43. [PMID: 26317171 DOI: 10.3109/01902148.2015.1060545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
It has been shown that activation of Notch3 signaling is involved in the development of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) by stimulating pulmonary arteries remodeling, while the molecular mechanisms underlying this are still largely unknown. The aims of this study are to address these issues. Monocrotaline dramatically increased right ventricle systolic pressure to 39.0 ± 2.6 mmHg and right ventricle hypertrophy index to 53.4 ± 5.3% (P < 0.05 versus control) in rats, these were accompanied with significantly increased proliferation and reduced apoptosis of pulmonary vascular cells as well as pulmonary arteries remodeling. Treatment of PAH model with specific Notch inhibitor DAPT significantly reduced right ventricle systolic pressure to 26.6 ± 1.3 mmHg and right ventricle hypertrophy index to 33.5 ± 2.6% (P < 0.05 versus PAH), suppressed proliferation and enhanced apoptosis of pulmonary vascular cells as well as inhibited pulmonary arteries remodeling. Our results further indicated that level of Notch3 protein and NICD3 were increased in MCT-induced model of PAH, this was accompanied with elevation of Skp2 and Hes1 protein level and reduction of P27Kip1. Administration of rats with DAPT-prevented MCT induced these changes. Our results suggest that Notch3 signaling activation stimulated pulmonary vascular cells proliferation by Skp2-and Hes1-mediated P27Kip1 reduction, and Notch3 might be a new target to treat PAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonghong Zhang
- a Department of Respiratory Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Medical College at Xi'an JiaoTong University , Xi'an , Shanxi , China
| | - Xinming Xie
- a Department of Respiratory Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Medical College at Xi'an JiaoTong University , Xi'an , Shanxi , China
| | - Yanting Zhu
- a Department of Respiratory Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Medical College at Xi'an JiaoTong University , Xi'an , Shanxi , China
| | - Lu Liu
- a Department of Respiratory Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Medical College at Xi'an JiaoTong University , Xi'an , Shanxi , China
| | - Wei Feng
- a Department of Respiratory Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Medical College at Xi'an JiaoTong University , Xi'an , Shanxi , China
| | - Yilin Pan
- a Department of Respiratory Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Medical College at Xi'an JiaoTong University , Xi'an , Shanxi , China
| | - Cui Zhai
- a Department of Respiratory Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Medical College at Xi'an JiaoTong University , Xi'an , Shanxi , China
| | - Rui Ke
- a Department of Respiratory Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Medical College at Xi'an JiaoTong University , Xi'an , Shanxi , China
| | - Shaojun Li
- a Department of Respiratory Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Medical College at Xi'an JiaoTong University , Xi'an , Shanxi , China
| | - Yang Song
- a Department of Respiratory Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Medical College at Xi'an JiaoTong University , Xi'an , Shanxi , China
| | - Yuncun Fan
- a Department of Respiratory Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Medical College at Xi'an JiaoTong University , Xi'an , Shanxi , China
| | - Fenling Fan
- a Department of Respiratory Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Medical College at Xi'an JiaoTong University , Xi'an , Shanxi , China
| | - Xiaochuang Wang
- a Department of Respiratory Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Medical College at Xi'an JiaoTong University , Xi'an , Shanxi , China
| | - Fengjuan Li
- a Department of Respiratory Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Medical College at Xi'an JiaoTong University , Xi'an , Shanxi , China
| | - Manxiang Li
- a Department of Respiratory Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Medical College at Xi'an JiaoTong University , Xi'an , Shanxi , China
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43
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van den Berg MCW, Burgering BMT. CCM1 and the second life of proteins in adhesion complexes. Cell Adh Migr 2015; 8:146-57. [PMID: 24714220 DOI: 10.4161/cam.28437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
It is well recognized that a number of proteins present within adhesion complexes perform discrete signaling functions outside these adhesion complexes, including transcriptional control. In this respect, β-catenin is a well-known example of an adhesion protein present both in cadherin complexes and in the nucleus where it regulates the TCF transcription factor. Here we discuss nuclear functions of adhesion complex proteins with a special focus on the CCM-1/KRIT-1 protein, which may turn out to be yet another adhesion complex protein with a second life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maaike C W van den Berg
- Center for Molecular Medicine; Dept. Molecular Cancer Research; University Medical Center Utrecht; The Netherlands
| | - Boudewijn M T Burgering
- Center for Molecular Medicine; Dept. Molecular Cancer Research; University Medical Center Utrecht; The Netherlands
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44
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Evasion of anti-growth signaling: A key step in tumorigenesis and potential target for treatment and prophylaxis by natural compounds. Semin Cancer Biol 2015; 35 Suppl:S55-S77. [PMID: 25749195 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2015.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2014] [Revised: 02/11/2015] [Accepted: 02/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The evasion of anti-growth signaling is an important characteristic of cancer cells. In order to continue to proliferate, cancer cells must somehow uncouple themselves from the many signals that exist to slow down cell growth. Here, we define the anti-growth signaling process, and review several important pathways involved in growth signaling: p53, phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN), retinoblastoma protein (Rb), Hippo, growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF15), AT-rich interactive domain 1A (ARID1A), Notch, insulin-like growth factor (IGF), and Krüppel-like factor 5 (KLF5) pathways. Aberrations in these processes in cancer cells involve mutations and thus the suppression of genes that prevent growth, as well as mutation and activation of genes involved in driving cell growth. Using these pathways as examples, we prioritize molecular targets that might be leveraged to promote anti-growth signaling in cancer cells. Interestingly, naturally occurring phytochemicals found in human diets (either singly or as mixtures) may promote anti-growth signaling, and do so without the potentially adverse effects associated with synthetic chemicals. We review examples of naturally occurring phytochemicals that may be applied to prevent cancer by antagonizing growth signaling, and propose one phytochemical for each pathway. These are: epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) for the Rb pathway, luteolin for p53, curcumin for PTEN, porphyrins for Hippo, genistein for GDF15, resveratrol for ARID1A, withaferin A for Notch and diguelin for the IGF1-receptor pathway. The coordination of anti-growth signaling and natural compound studies will provide insight into the future application of these compounds in the clinical setting.
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45
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Yavropoulou MP, Maladaki A, Yovos JG. The role of Notch and Hedgehog signaling pathways in pituitary development and pathogenesis of pituitary adenomas. Hormones (Athens) 2015; 14:5-18. [PMID: 25885100 DOI: 10.1007/bf03401377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Pituitary adenomas are usually benign tumors that cause symptoms by compression of surrounding structures or impaired hormone secretion. Treatment, whether surgical or medical depends, on the tumor subtype and degree of compression; however, a significant proportion of patients do not achieve optimal control of mass effects or hormonal hypersecretion. Unraveling the pathogenesis of pituitary adenomas is a critical step in the quest for new subcellular treatment targets that will decrease morbidity and mortality related to these tumors. A large diversity of pathogenetic mechanisms has been described so far including deregulation of cell cycle, molecular pathways and angiogenesis. Major signaling pathways such as Notch, Wnt and Hedgehog, which are mainly active in the early phase of pituitary organogenesis and are essential for the development of somatotrophs, lactotrophs thyrotrophs and corticotrophs, have been implicated in the pathogenesis of pituitary adenomas. In this review we present novel data regarding the role of Notch and Hedgehog regulatory networks in pituitary development and pathogenesis of pituitary adenomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria P Yavropoulou
- Laboratory of Clinical and Molecular Endocrinology, 1st Department of Internal Medicine, ΑHEPA University Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Anna Maladaki
- Laboratory of Clinical and Molecular Endocrinology, 1st Department of Internal Medicine, ΑHEPA University Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - John G Yovos
- Laboratory of Clinical and Molecular Endocrinology, 1st Department of Internal Medicine, ΑHEPA University Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
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46
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Wei C, Kim IK, Li L, Wu L, Gupta S. Thymosin Beta 4 protects mice from monocrotaline-induced pulmonary hypertension and right ventricular hypertrophy. PLoS One 2014; 9:e110598. [PMID: 25412097 PMCID: PMC4239012 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0110598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2014] [Accepted: 09/19/2014] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a progressive vascular disease of pulmonary arteries that impedes ejection of blood by the right ventricle. As a result there is an increase in pulmonary vascular resistance and pulmonary arterial pressure causing right ventricular hypertrophy (RVH) and RV failure. The pathology of PAH involves vascular cell remodeling including pulmonary arterial endothelial cell (PAEC) dysfunction and pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cell (PASMC) proliferation. Current therapies are limited to reverse the vascular remodeling. Investigating a key molecule is required for development of new therapeutic intervention. Thymosin beta-4 (Tβ4) is a ubiquitous G-actin sequestering protein with diverse biological function and promotes wound healing and modulates inflammatory responses. However, it remains unknown whether Tβ4 has any protective role in PH. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the whether Tβ4 can be used as a vascular-protective agent. In monocrotaline (MCT)-induced PH mouse model, we showed that mice treated with Tβ4 significantly attenuated the systolic pressure and RVH, compared to the MCT treated mice. Our data revealed for the first time that Tβ4 selectively targets Notch3-Col 3A-CTGF gene axis in preventing MCT-induced PH and RVH. Our study may provide pre-clinical evidence for Tβ4 and may consider as vasculo-protective agent for the treatment of PH induced RVH.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Cells, Cultured
- Collagen Type III/genetics
- Collagen Type III/metabolism
- Connective Tissue Growth Factor/genetics
- Connective Tissue Growth Factor/metabolism
- Disease Models, Animal
- Endothelial Cells/drug effects
- Hypertension, Pulmonary/chemically induced
- Hypertension, Pulmonary/pathology
- Hypertension, Pulmonary/prevention & control
- Hypertrophy, Right Ventricular/chemically induced
- Hypertrophy, Right Ventricular/pathology
- Hypertrophy, Right Ventricular/prevention & control
- Injections, Intraperitoneal
- Lung/drug effects
- Lung/metabolism
- Lung/pathology
- Male
- Mice
- Monocrotaline/toxicity
- Receptor, Notch3
- Receptors, Notch/genetics
- Receptors, Notch/metabolism
- Signal Transduction/drug effects
- Thymosin/administration & dosage
- Thymosin/pharmacology
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuanyu Wei
- Division of Molecular Cardiology, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Texas A & M Health Science Center and Scott & White, Central Texas Veterans Health Care System, Temple, Texas, United States of America
| | - Il-Kwon Kim
- Division of Molecular Cardiology, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Texas A & M Health Science Center and Scott & White, Central Texas Veterans Health Care System, Temple, Texas, United States of America
| | - Li Li
- Division of Molecular Cardiology, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Texas A & M Health Science Center and Scott & White, Central Texas Veterans Health Care System, Temple, Texas, United States of America
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Liling Wu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Sudhiranjan Gupta
- Division of Molecular Cardiology, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Texas A & M Health Science Center and Scott & White, Central Texas Veterans Health Care System, Temple, Texas, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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47
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Analysis of a bovine herpesvirus 1 protein encoded by an alternatively spliced latency related (LR) RNA that is abundantly expressed in latently infected neurons. Virology 2014; 464-465:244-252. [PMID: 25104616 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2014.06.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2014] [Revised: 04/08/2014] [Accepted: 06/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The bovine herpes virus 1 (BoHV-1) encoded latency-related RNA (LR-RNA) is abundantly expressed in latently infected sensory neurons. A LR mutant virus with three stop codons at the amino-terminus of ORF2 does not reactivate from latency or replicate efficiently in certain tissues. ORF2 inhibits apoptosis, interacts with Notch1 or Notch3, and interferes with Notch mediated signaling. Alternative splicing of LR-RNA in trigeminal ganglia yields transcripts that have the potential to encode a protein containing most of ORF2 sequences and parts of other coding sequences located within the LR gene. In this study, we determined that an ORF2 protein fused with reading frame B (15d ORF) was more stable in transfected cells. ORF2 and the 15d ORF stimulated neurite formation in mouse neuroblastoma cells, interfered with Notch3 mediated trans-activation, and had similar DNA binding properties. Increased stability of the 15d ORF is predicted to enhance the establishment of latency.
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48
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Ai X, Jia Z, Liu S, Wang J, Zhang X. Notch-1 regulates proliferation and differentiation of human bladder cancer cell lines by inhibiting expression of Krüppel-like factor 4. Oncol Rep 2014; 32:1459-64. [PMID: 25109409 DOI: 10.3892/or.2014.3350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2014] [Accepted: 06/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Inhibition of Notch signaling pathways, consisting of 4 highly conserved receptors (Notch 1-4), induces expression of Krüppel-like transcription factors (KLFs) linked to bladder cancer tumorigenesis and metastasis. Effects of Notch-1 knockdown on cell proliferation, differentiation and KLF4 levels in bladder cancer cell lines were investigated. PsiRNA1‑mediated Notch-1 and KLF4 knockdown models and control model without the psiRNA1 vector were constructed using bladder cancer cell lines T24 and BIU87. Cell proliferation, apoptosis and expression of Notch-1 and KLF4 were assessed using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay, flow cytometry assay with Annexin V-FITC/PI staining, and reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and western blot analysis, respectively. Proliferation was assessed in Notch-1 and/or KLF4 knockdown. The results showed that Notch-1 mRNA and protein expression levels were significantly lower following psiRNA1 vector transfection in both cell lines (P<0.05). Growth and proliferation of both cell lines were significantly inhibited by Notch-1 knockdown (P<0.05), and more G0/G1 arrest and apoptosis were observed compared to those in the control groups (P<0.05). The effects were time-dependent, peaking between 24-48 h and declining by 72 h. KLF4 expression was significantly higher in the Notch-1 knockdown group than in control cells (P<0.05). Notch-1 knockdown cell proliferation was significantly lower than that of Notch-1 and KLF4 knockdown (P<0.05). In conclusion, Notch-1 may act as an oncogene, regulating the proliferation and differentiation of bladder cancer cells by inhibiting KLF4. Pending further exploration of pathway variations and crosstalk, these pathways may be useful targets for bladder cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Ai
- Department of Urology, Military General Hospital of Beijing PLA, Beijing 100700, P.R. China
| | - Zhuomin Jia
- Department of Urology, Military General Hospital of Beijing PLA, Beijing 100700, P.R. China
| | - Shuanglin Liu
- Department of Urology, Wuhan First Hospital, Wuhan, Hubei 430000, P.R. China
| | - Jiajun Wang
- Department of Urology, Military General Hospital of Beijing PLA, Beijing 100700, P.R. China
| | - Xu Zhang
- Department of Urology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, P.R. China
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49
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The Ser/Thr phosphatase PP2A regulatory subunit widerborst inhibits notch signaling. PLoS One 2014; 9:e101884. [PMID: 25006677 PMCID: PMC4090204 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0101884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2014] [Accepted: 06/12/2014] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Drosophila Enhancer of split M8, an effector of Notch signaling, is regulated by protein kinase CK2. The phosphatase PP2A is thought to play an opposing (inhibitory) role, but the identity of the regulatory subunit was unknown. The studies described here reveal a role for the PP2A regulatory subunit widerborst (wdb) in three developmental contexts; the bristle, wing and the R8 photoreceptors of the eye. wdb overexpression elicits bristle and wing defects akin to reduced Notch signaling, whereas hypomorphic mutations in this PP2A subunit elicit opposite effects. We have also evaluated wdb functions using mutations in Notch and E(spl) that affect the eye. We find that the eye and R8 defects of the well-known Nspl mutation are enhanced by a hypomorphic allele of wdb, whereas they are strongly rescued by wdb overexpression. Similarly, ectopic wdb rescues the eye and R8 defects of the E(spl)D mutation, which affects the m8 gene. In addition, wdb overexpression also rescues the bristle defects of ectopically expressed M8, or the eye and R8 defects of its CK2 phosphomimetic variant M8-S159D. The latter finding suggests that PP2A may target M8 at highly conserved residues in the vicinity of the CK2 site, whose phosphorylation controls repression of Atonal and the R8 fate. Together, the studies identify PP2A-Wdb as a participant in Notch signaling, and suggest that M8 activity is controlled by phosphorylation and dephosphorylation. The conservation of the phosphorylation sites between Drosophila E(spl) and the HES/HER proteins from mammals, reptiles, amphibians, birds and fish raises the prospect that this mode of regulation is widespread.
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Ma L, Mao R, Shen K, Zheng Y, Li Y, Liu J, Ni L. Atractylenolide I-mediated Notch pathway inhibition attenuates gastric cancer stem cell traits. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2014; 450:353-9. [PMID: 24944018 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2014.05.110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2014] [Accepted: 05/26/2014] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Atractylenolide I (AT-I), one of the main naturally occurring compounds of Rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae, has remarkable anti-cancer effects on various cancers. However, its effects on the treatment of gastric cancer remain unclear. Via multiple cellular and molecular approaches, we demonstrated that AT-I could potently inhibit cancer cell proliferation and induce apoptosis through inactivating Notch pathway. AT-I treatment led to the reduction of expressions of Notch1, Jagged1, and its downstream Hes1/ Hey1. Our results showed that AT-I inhibited the self-renewal capacity of gastric stem-like cells (GCSLCs) by suppression of their sphere formation capacity and cell viability. AT-I attenuated gastric cancer stem cell (GCSC) traits partly through inactivating Notch1, leading to reducing the expressions of its downstream target Hes1, Hey1 and CD44 in vitro. Collectively, our results suggest that AT-I might develop as a potential therapeutic drug for the treatment of gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering & Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, #268, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, PR China
| | - Rurong Mao
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering & Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, #268, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, PR China
| | - Ke Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering & Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, #268, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, PR China
| | - Yuanhong Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering & Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, #268, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, PR China
| | - Yueqi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering & Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, #268, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, PR China
| | - Jianwen Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering & Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, #268, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, PR China.
| | - Lei Ni
- Department of Respiration, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, 197 Ruijin Road II, Shanghai 200025, PR China.
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