1
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Xiao L, Duan R, Zhou X, Liu S, Du Q, Ren T, Yeow EKL, Ta VD, Huang Y, Sun H. Extended Surface Bands Enabled Lasing Emission and Wavelength Switch from Sulfur Quantum Dots. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024:e2408104. [PMID: 39295469 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202408104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2024] [Revised: 09/09/2024] [Indexed: 09/21/2024]
Abstract
The development of a lasing wavelength switch, particularly from a single inorganic gain material, is challenging but highly demanded for advanced photonics. Nonetheless, all current lasing emission of inorganic gain materials arises from band-edge states, and the inherent fixed bandgap limitation of the band-edge system leads to the inaccessibility of lasing wavelength switching from a single inorganic gain material. Here the realization of a single inorganic gain material-based lasing wavelength switch is reported by proposing an alternative lasing emission strategy, that is, lasing emission from surface gain. Previous efforts to achieve surface-gain-enabled lasing emission have been hindered by the limited gain volume provided by surface states due to the broad emission bandwidth and/or low emission efficiency. This challenge is overcome by introducing extended surface bands onto the surface of sulfur quantum dots. The extended surface bands contribute to a high photoluminescence quantum yield and narrow emission bandwidth, thereby providing sufficient gain volume and facilitating stimulated emission. When combined with whispering gallery mode microcavity, surface gain enabled lasing emission manifests an ultralow threshold of 8.3 µJ cm-2. Remarkably, the reconfigurable perturbation to surface gain, facilitated by molecular affinity, allows for the realization of the lasing wavelength switch from a single inorganic gain material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lian Xiao
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore, 637371, Singapore
| | - Rui Duan
- Institute of Applied Physics and Materials Engineering, University of Macau, Macao, SAR, 999078, China
| | - Xuehong Zhou
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore, 637371, Singapore
| | - Sihang Liu
- Research Institute of Aero-Engine, Beihang University, No. 37 XueYuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Quanchao Du
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering & Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637371, Singapore
| | - Tianhua Ren
- Institute of Applied Physics and Materials Engineering, University of Macau, Macao, SAR, 999078, China
| | - Edwin Kok Lee Yeow
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering & Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637371, Singapore
| | - Van Duong Ta
- Department of Optical Devices, Le Quy Don Technical University, Hanoi, 100000, Vietnam
| | - Yi Huang
- Research Institute of Aero-Engine, Beihang University, No. 37 XueYuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Handong Sun
- Institute of Applied Physics and Materials Engineering, University of Macau, Macao, SAR, 999078, China
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2
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Toropov NA, Houghton MC, Yu D, Vollmer F. Thermo-Optoplasmonic Single-Molecule Sensing on Optical Microcavities. ACS NANO 2024; 18:17534-17546. [PMID: 38924515 PMCID: PMC11238588 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.4c00877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
Whispering-gallery-mode (WGM) resonators are powerful instruments for single-molecule sensing in biological and biochemical investigations. WGM sensors leveraged by plasmonic nanostructures, known as optoplasmonic sensors, provide sensitivity down to single atomic ions. In this article, we describe that the response of optoplasmonic sensors upon the attachment of single protein molecules strongly depends on the intensity of WGM. At low intensity, protein binding causes red shifts of WGM resonance wavelengths, known as the reactive sensing mechanism. By contrast, blue shifts are obtained at high intensities, which we explain as thermo-optoplasmonic (TOP) sensing, where molecules transform absorbed WGM radiation into heat. To support our conclusions, we experimentally investigated seven molecules and complexes; we observed blue shifts for dye molecules, amino acids, and anomalous absorption of enzymes in the near-infrared spectral region. As an example of an application, we propose a physical model of TOP sensing that can be used for the development of single-molecule absorption spectrometers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikita A Toropov
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Exeter, Exeter EX4 4QD, U.K
- Optoelectronics Research Centre, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, U.K
- Qingdao Innovation and Development Center, Harbin Engineering University, Qingdao, Shandong 266000, China
| | - Matthew C Houghton
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Exeter, Exeter EX4 4QD, U.K
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Bath, Bath BA2 7AX, U.K
| | - Deshui Yu
- National Time Service Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an 710600, China
| | - Frank Vollmer
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Exeter, Exeter EX4 4QD, U.K
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3
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Zhang X, Zhang L, Li H, Xu Y, Meng L, Liang G, Wang B, Liu L, Guan T, Guo C, He Y. Weak Value Amplification Based Optical Sensor for High Throughput Real-Time Immunoassay of SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein. BIOSENSORS 2024; 14:332. [PMID: 39056608 PMCID: PMC11274545 DOI: 10.3390/bios14070332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2024] [Revised: 07/01/2024] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
The demand for accurate and efficient immunoassays calls for the development of precise, high-throughput analysis methods. This paper introduces a novel approach utilizing a weak measurement interface sensor for immunoassays, offering a solution for high throughput analysis. Weak measurement is a precise quantum measurement method that amplifies the weak value of a system in the weak interaction through appropriate pre- and post-selection states. To facilitate the simultaneous analysis of multiple samples, we have developed a chip with six flow channels capable of conducting six immunoassays concurrently. We can perform real-time immunoassay to determine the binding characteristics of spike protein and antibody through real-time analysis of the flow channel images and calculating the relative intensity. The proposed method boasts a simple structure, eliminating the need for intricate nano processes. The spike protein concentration and relative intensity curve were fitted using the Log-Log fitting regression equation, and R2 was 0.91. Utilizing a pre-transformation approach to account for slight variations in detection sensitivity across different flow channels, the present method achieves an impressive limit of detection(LOD) of 0.85 ng/mL for the SARS-CoV-2 the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) spike protein, with a system standard deviation of 5.61. Furthermore, this method has been successfully verified for monitoring molecular-specific binding processes and differentiating binding capacities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaonan Zhang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Minimal Invasive Medical Technologies, Institute of Optical Imaging and Sensing, Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China; (X.Z.); (H.L.); (Y.X.); (L.M.); (G.L.); (B.W.); (T.G.); (Y.H.)
- School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Lizhong Zhang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Minimal Invasive Medical Technologies, Institute of Optical Imaging and Sensing, Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China; (X.Z.); (H.L.); (Y.X.); (L.M.); (G.L.); (B.W.); (T.G.); (Y.H.)
| | - Han Li
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Minimal Invasive Medical Technologies, Institute of Optical Imaging and Sensing, Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China; (X.Z.); (H.L.); (Y.X.); (L.M.); (G.L.); (B.W.); (T.G.); (Y.H.)
| | - Yang Xu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Minimal Invasive Medical Technologies, Institute of Optical Imaging and Sensing, Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China; (X.Z.); (H.L.); (Y.X.); (L.M.); (G.L.); (B.W.); (T.G.); (Y.H.)
| | - Lingqin Meng
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Minimal Invasive Medical Technologies, Institute of Optical Imaging and Sensing, Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China; (X.Z.); (H.L.); (Y.X.); (L.M.); (G.L.); (B.W.); (T.G.); (Y.H.)
| | - Gengyu Liang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Minimal Invasive Medical Technologies, Institute of Optical Imaging and Sensing, Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China; (X.Z.); (H.L.); (Y.X.); (L.M.); (G.L.); (B.W.); (T.G.); (Y.H.)
| | - Bei Wang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Minimal Invasive Medical Technologies, Institute of Optical Imaging and Sensing, Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China; (X.Z.); (H.L.); (Y.X.); (L.M.); (G.L.); (B.W.); (T.G.); (Y.H.)
| | - Le Liu
- Institute of Materials Research, Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China;
| | - Tian Guan
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Minimal Invasive Medical Technologies, Institute of Optical Imaging and Sensing, Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China; (X.Z.); (H.L.); (Y.X.); (L.M.); (G.L.); (B.W.); (T.G.); (Y.H.)
- School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Cuixia Guo
- School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China
| | - Yonghong He
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Minimal Invasive Medical Technologies, Institute of Optical Imaging and Sensing, Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China; (X.Z.); (H.L.); (Y.X.); (L.M.); (G.L.); (B.W.); (T.G.); (Y.H.)
- Jilin Fuyuan Guan Food Group Joint Research Center, Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China
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4
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Mason S, Meretska ML, Spägele C, Ossiander M, Capasso F. Metasurface-Controlled Holographic Microcavities. ACS PHOTONICS 2024; 11:941-949. [PMID: 38523748 PMCID: PMC10958604 DOI: 10.1021/acsphotonics.3c01479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024]
Abstract
Optical microcavities confine light to wavelength-scale volumes and are a key component for manipulating and enhancing the interaction of light, vacuum states, and matter. Current microcavities are constrained to a small number of spatial mode profiles. Imaging cavities can accommodate complicated modes but require an externally preshaped input. Here, we experimentally demonstrate a visible-wavelength, metasurface-based holographic microcavity that overcomes these limitations. The micrometer-scale metasurface cavity fulfills the round-trip condition for a designed mode with a complex-shaped intensity profile and thus selectively enhances light that couples to this mode, achieving a spectral bandwidth of 0.8 nm. By imaging the intracavity mode, we show that the holographic mode changes quickly with the cavity length and that the cavity displays the desired spatial mode profile only close to the design cavity length. When a metasurface is placed on a distributed Bragg reflector and steep phase gradients are realized, the correct choice of the reflector's top layer material can boost metasurface performance considerably. The applied forward-design method can be readily transferred to other spectral regimes and mode profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sydney Mason
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - Maryna Leonidivna Meretska
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - Christina Spägele
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - Marcus Ossiander
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
- Institute of Experimental Physics, Graz University of Technology, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Federico Capasso
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
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5
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Suo M, Fu Y, Wang S, Lin S, Zhang J, Wu C, Yin H, Wang P, Zhang W, Wang XH. Miniaturized Laser Probe for Exosome-Based Cancer Liquid Biopsy. Anal Chem 2024; 96:1965-1976. [PMID: 38267074 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c04187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
Exosomes have been established as a valuable tool for clinical applications for the purpose of liquid biopsy and therapy. However, the clinical practice of exosomes as cancer biopsy markers is still to a very low extent. Active mode optical microcavity with microlaser emission has aroused as a versatile approach for chemical and biological sensing due to its benefits of larger photon population, increased effective Q-factor, decreased line width, and improved sensitivity. Herein, we report a label-free and precise quantification of exosome vesicles and surface protein profiling of breast cancer exosomes using functionalized active whispering gallery mode (WGM) microlaser probes. A detection limit of 40 exosomes per microresonator was achieved. The proposed system enabled a pilot assay of quantitative exosome analysis in cancer patients' blood with only a few microliters of sample consumption, holding good potential for large-scale cancer liquid biopsy. Multiplexed functionalization of the optical microresonator allowed us to profile cancer exosomal surface markers and distinct subclasses of breast cancer-associated exosomes and monitor drug treatment outcomes. Our findings speak volumes about the advantages of the WGM microlaser sensor, including very small sample consumption, low detection limit, high specificity, and ease of operation, offering a promising means for precious clinical sample analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingqian Suo
- Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics, Institute of Laser Engineering, Faculty of Materials and Manufacturing, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Yiqian Fu
- Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics, Institute of Laser Engineering, Faculty of Materials and Manufacturing, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Shijia Wang
- Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics, Institute of Laser Engineering, Faculty of Materials and Manufacturing, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Siqi Lin
- Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics, Institute of Laser Engineering, Faculty of Materials and Manufacturing, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Jiahui Zhang
- Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics, Institute of Laser Engineering, Faculty of Materials and Manufacturing, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Chunxiao Wu
- Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics, Institute of Laser Engineering, Faculty of Materials and Manufacturing, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Huabing Yin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, James Watt School of Engineering, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8LT, United Kingdom
| | - Pu Wang
- Laboratory for Advanced Laser Technology and Applications, Institute of Laser Engineering, Faculty of Materials and Manufacturing, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
- Key Laboratory of Trans-scale Laser Manufacturing Technology, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100124, China
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Laser Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Wen Zhang
- Department of Immunology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Xiu-Hong Wang
- Laboratory for Biomedical Photonics, Institute of Laser Engineering, Faculty of Materials and Manufacturing, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
- Key Laboratory of Trans-scale Laser Manufacturing Technology, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100124, China
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Laser Technology, Beijing 100124, China
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6
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Hail CU, Foley M, Sokhoyan R, Michaeli L, Atwater HA. High quality factor metasurfaces for two-dimensional wavefront manipulation. Nat Commun 2023; 14:8476. [PMID: 38123546 PMCID: PMC10733294 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-44164-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/02/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The strong interaction of light with micro- and nanostructures plays a critical role in optical sensing, nonlinear optics, active optical devices, and quantum optics. However, for wavefront shaping, the required local control over light at a subwavelength scale limits this interaction, typically leading to low-quality-factor optical devices. Here, we demonstrate an avenue towards high-quality-factor wavefront shaping in two spatial dimensions based on all-dielectric higher-order Mie-resonant metasurfaces. We design and experimentally realize transmissive band stop filters, beam deflectors and high numerical aperture radial lenses with measured quality factors in the range of 202-1475 at near-infrared wavelengths. The excited optical mode and resulting wavefront control are both local, allowing versatile operation with finite apertures and oblique illumination. Our results represent an improvement in quality factor by nearly two orders of magnitude over previous localized mode designs, and provide a design approach for a new class of compact optical devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudio U Hail
- Thomas J. Watson Laboratory of Applied Physics, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, 91125, USA
| | - Morgan Foley
- Department of Physics, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, 91125, USA
| | - Ruzan Sokhoyan
- Thomas J. Watson Laboratory of Applied Physics, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, 91125, USA
| | - Lior Michaeli
- Thomas J. Watson Laboratory of Applied Physics, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, 91125, USA
| | - Harry A Atwater
- Thomas J. Watson Laboratory of Applied Physics, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, 91125, USA.
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7
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Sayed H, Swillam MA, Aly AH. Annular one-dimensional photonic crystals for salinity sensing. Sci Rep 2023; 13:20593. [PMID: 37996518 PMCID: PMC10667499 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-47205-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The use of annular one-dimensional (1D) photonic crystals (PCs) for salinity sensing is studied in this research. Annular 1D-PCs provide small and integrated structures that facilitate the creation of portable and miniaturized sensor equipment appropriate for field use. In order to generate annular 1D-PCs, the research explores the finite element method (FEM) simulation technique utilizing the COMSOL Multiphysics approach, highlighting the significance of exact control over layer thickness and uniformity. Furthermore, we construct a 1D annular PCs structure in the form [Formula: see text], where A is silicon ([Formula: see text]) and B is silicon dioxide ([Formula: see text]) of 40 nm and 70 nm, respectively, with a number of periods equal to 9. By incorporating a central defect layer of saline water (220 nm thickness), the sensor achieves optimum performance at normal incidence with a sensitivity (S) of [Formula: see text], a quality factor (Q) of 10.22, and a figure of merit (FOM) of [Formula: see text]. The design that is suggested has several advantages over past work on planners and annular 1D-PCs, including ease of implementation, performance at normal incidence, and high sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassan Sayed
- TH-PPM Group, Physics Department, Faculty of Sciences, Beni-Suef University, Beni Suef, 62514, Egypt
| | - Mohamed A Swillam
- Department of Physics, The American University in Cairo, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Arafa H Aly
- TH-PPM Group, Physics Department, Faculty of Sciences, Beni-Suef University, Beni Suef, 62514, Egypt.
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8
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Wang Y, Zhao X, Liu L, Wu X, Xu L. Sensitivity Equalization and Dynamic Range Expansion with Multiple Optofluidic Microbubble Resonator Sensors. BIOSENSORS 2023; 13:911. [PMID: 37887104 PMCID: PMC10605928 DOI: 10.3390/bios13100911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
A novel multi-optofluidic microbubble resonator (OMBR) sensitivity equalization method is presented that equalizes the sensing signal from different OMBRs. The method relies on the fact that the ratio of the wavelength shifts to the bulk refractive index sensitivity (BRIS) does not depend on the physical dimensions of the OMBR. The proof of concept is experimentally validated and the sensing signals from individual OMBRs can be directly compared. Furthermore, a wide dynamic range of sensing with favorable consistency and repeatability is achieved by piecing together signals from 20 OMBRs for HIV-1 p24 antigen detection from 50 fg/mL to 100 ng/mL (2.1 fM to 4.2 nM), indicating significant potential for practical applications, such as in drug screening and disease diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Wang
- Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano Photonic Structures (Ministry of Education), Department of Optical Science and Engineering, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Ultra-Precision Optical Manufacturing, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China; (Y.W.); (X.Z.); (L.L.)
| | - Xuyang Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano Photonic Structures (Ministry of Education), Department of Optical Science and Engineering, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Ultra-Precision Optical Manufacturing, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China; (Y.W.); (X.Z.); (L.L.)
| | - Liying Liu
- Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano Photonic Structures (Ministry of Education), Department of Optical Science and Engineering, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Ultra-Precision Optical Manufacturing, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China; (Y.W.); (X.Z.); (L.L.)
| | - Xiang Wu
- Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano Photonic Structures (Ministry of Education), Department of Optical Science and Engineering, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Ultra-Precision Optical Manufacturing, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China; (Y.W.); (X.Z.); (L.L.)
| | - Lei Xu
- Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano Photonic Structures (Ministry of Education), Department of Optical Science and Engineering, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Ultra-Precision Optical Manufacturing, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China; (Y.W.); (X.Z.); (L.L.)
- Department of Physics, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
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9
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Yang C, Hu W, Guo X. Precise Detection, Control and Synthesis of Chiral Compounds at Single-Molecule Resolution. NANO-MICRO LETTERS 2023; 15:211. [PMID: 37698706 PMCID: PMC10497494 DOI: 10.1007/s40820-023-01184-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 09/13/2023]
Abstract
Chirality, as the symmetric breaking of molecules, plays an essential role in physical, chemical and especially biological processes, which highlights the accurate distinction among heterochiralities as well as the precise preparation for homochirality. To this end, the well-designed structure-specific recognizer and catalysis reactor are necessitated, respectively. However, each kind of target molecules requires a custom-made chiral partner and the dynamic disorder of spatial-orientation distribution of molecules at the ensemble level leads to an inefficient protocol. In this perspective article, we developed a universal strategy capable of realizing the chirality detection and control by the external symmetry breaking based on the alignment of the molecular frame to external stimuli. Specifically, in combination with the discussion about the relationship among the chirality (molecule), spin (electron) and polarization (photon), i.e., the three natural symmetry breaking, single-molecule junctions were proposed to achieve a single-molecule/event-resolved detection and synthesis. The fixation of the molecular orientation and the CMOS-compatibility provide an efficient interface to achieve the external input of symmetry breaking. This perspective is believed to offer more efficient applications in accurate chirality detection and precise asymmetric synthesis via the close collaboration of chemists, physicists, materials scientists, and engineers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Yang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, National Biomedical Imaging Center, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, 292 Chengfu Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100871, People's Republic of China
| | - Weilin Hu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, National Biomedical Imaging Center, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, 292 Chengfu Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100871, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuefeng Guo
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, National Biomedical Imaging Center, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, 292 Chengfu Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100871, People's Republic of China.
- Center of Single-Molecule Sciences, Institute of Modern Optics, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, College of Electronic Information and Optical Engineering, Nankai University, 38 Tongyan Road, Jinnan District, Tianjin, 300350, People's Republic of China.
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10
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Pau LF, Borza P. Quantum computing architectures with signaling and control mimicking biological processes. Heliyon 2023; 9:e18593. [PMID: 37576268 PMCID: PMC10413076 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e18593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Earlier reports have described a quantum computing architecture, in which key elements are derived from control functions in biology. In this further continuing research, focus is on the signaling and control of a flow of qubits in that architecture, mimicking synapse signals and neurological controls. After a short description of that architecture, and of quantum sensing elements, it is first shown how the coloring of quantum particle flows, implemented as in mathematical colored algebras, can reduce decoherence and enhance the decidability of quantum processing elements. Next, after reviewing specific human biology functions, and exploiting experimental results on excitation modes in live animals, it is shown how to achieve separation of the quantum control & signaling signals. Technologies and designs from particle physics are discussed as well as open research issues towards a realization of a quantum computing architecture with decidable signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- L.-F. Pau
- CBS, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Upgötva AB, Stockholm, Sweden
- Sophia Antipolis, France
| | - P.N. Borza
- Transylvania University, Brasov, Romania
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11
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Ogura T. Surface light propagating in a dielectric thin film generated via micro-spheres. OPTICS EXPRESS 2023; 31:23198-23211. [PMID: 37475410 DOI: 10.1364/oe.491907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
Light orbiting through total internal reflection within dielectric spheres or disks is called the whispering gallery mode (WGM). Recently, we have reported anomalously enhanced Raman spectra at the periphery of 3 µm diameter polystyrene (PS) microspheres on a silicon nitride (SiN) film using Raman microscopy. Here, we performed Raman measurements and optical simulation analysis of 3 µm PS spheres on a SiN film using a three-dimensional (3D) model and found that the circumferential light was generated up to 650 nm from the outer circumference of the sphere. Furthermore, a portion of the light circling the sphere travelled to the SiN film and became surface propagating light. These properties are expected to lead to development of new devices such as highly sensitive sensors, quantum optical qubits, and optical integrated circuits.
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12
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Abstract
Optical biosensors are frontrunners for the rapid and real-time detection of analytes, particularly for low concentrations. Among them, whispering gallery mode (WGM) resonators have recently attracted a growing focus due to their robust optomechanical features and high sensitivity, measuring down to single binding events in small volumes. In this review, we provide a broad overview of WGM sensors along with critical advice and additional "tips and tricks" to make them more accessible to both biochemical and optical communities. Their structures, fabrication methods, materials, and surface functionalization chemistries are discussed. We propose this reflection under a pedagogical approach to describe and explain these biochemical sensors with a particular focus on the most recent achievements in the field. In addition to highlighting the advantages of WGM sensors, we also discuss and suggest strategies to overcome their current limitations, leaving room for further development as practical tools in various applications. We aim to provide new insights and combine different knowledge and perspectives to advance the development of the next generation of WGM biosensors. With their unique advantages and compatibility with different sensing modalities, these biosensors have the potential to become major game changers for biomedical and environmental monitoring, among many other relevant target applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Médéric Loyez
- Department of Electrical & Systems Engineering, Washington University, One Brookings Drive Green Hall 2120F, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, United States
| | - Maxwell Adolphson
- Department of Electrical & Systems Engineering, Washington University, One Brookings Drive Green Hall 2120F, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, United States
| | - Jie Liao
- Department of Electrical & Systems Engineering, Washington University, One Brookings Drive Green Hall 2120F, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, United States
| | - Lan Yang
- Department of Electrical & Systems Engineering, Washington University, One Brookings Drive Green Hall 2120F, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, United States
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13
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Zhang L, Huang Q, Zhang X, Zeng Z, Zhang H, Guan T, Xu Y, Zhou C, Meng L, Liang G, Li Z, Wang B, Liu L, Guo C, He Y. Ultra-precise weak measurement-based interfacial biosensors. Talanta 2023; 257:124217. [PMID: 36801563 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2022.124217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Revised: 12/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
In this study, an interfacial biosensing scheme with ultra-precision is proposed. The scheme uses weak measurement techniques to ensure ultra-high sensitivity of the sensing system while improving the stability of the system through self-referencing and pixel point averaging, thus achieving ultra-high detection accuracy of biological samples. In specific experiments, we have used the biosensor in this study to perform specific binding reaction experiments for protein A and Mouse IgG with a detection line of 2.71 ng/mL for IgG. In addition, the sensor is non-coated, simple in structure, easy to operate, and low in cost of use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lizhong Zhang
- Institute of Optical Imaging and Sensing, Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Minimal Invasive Medical Technologies, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, China; Institute of Biopharmaceutical and Health Engineering, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Qiang Huang
- Institute of Optical Imaging and Sensing, Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Minimal Invasive Medical Technologies, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, China; Shenzhen Shengqiang Technology Co., Ltd, China; Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Xiaonan Zhang
- Institute of Optical Imaging and Sensing, Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Minimal Invasive Medical Technologies, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, China; School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Zhen Zeng
- Institute of Optical Imaging and Sensing, Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Minimal Invasive Medical Technologies, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, China; Institute of Biopharmaceutical and Health Engineering, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Hailong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Photonic Control Technology (Tsinghua University), Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100084, China; Department of Precision Instrument, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Tian Guan
- Institute of Optical Imaging and Sensing, Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Minimal Invasive Medical Technologies, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, China; School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Yang Xu
- Institute of Optical Imaging and Sensing, Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Minimal Invasive Medical Technologies, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, China; Institute of Biopharmaceutical and Health Engineering, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Chongqi Zhou
- Institute of Optical Imaging and Sensing, Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Minimal Invasive Medical Technologies, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, China; Department of Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Lingqin Meng
- Institute of Optical Imaging and Sensing, Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Minimal Invasive Medical Technologies, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, China; Institute of Biopharmaceutical and Health Engineering, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Gengyu Liang
- Institute of Optical Imaging and Sensing, Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Minimal Invasive Medical Technologies, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, China; Institute of Biopharmaceutical and Health Engineering, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Zhangyan Li
- Institute of Optical Imaging and Sensing, Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Minimal Invasive Medical Technologies, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, China; Department of Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Bei Wang
- Institute of Optical Imaging and Sensing, Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Minimal Invasive Medical Technologies, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, China; Institute of Biopharmaceutical and Health Engineering, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Le Liu
- Institute of Materials Research, Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Cuixia Guo
- School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350108, China.
| | - Yonghong He
- Institute of Optical Imaging and Sensing, Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Minimal Invasive Medical Technologies, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, China; Institute of Biopharmaceutical and Health Engineering, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, China.
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14
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Ujah E, Lai M, Slaughter G. Ultrasensitive tapered optical fiber refractive index glucose sensor. Sci Rep 2023; 13:4495. [PMID: 36934144 PMCID: PMC10024692 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-31127-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Refractive index (RI) sensors are of great interest for label-free optical biosensing. A tapered optical fiber (TOF) RI sensor with micron-sized waist diameters can dramatically enhance sensor sensitivity by reducing the mode volume over a long distance. Here, a simple and fast method is used to fabricate highly sensitive refractive index sensors based on localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR). Two TOFs (l = 5 mm) with waist diameters of 5 µm and 12 µm demonstrated sensitivity enhancement at λ = 1559 nm for glucose sensing (5-45 wt%) at room temperature. The optical power transmission decreased with increasing glucose concentration due to the interaction of the propagating light in the evanescent field with glucose molecules. The coating of the TOF with gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) as an active layer for glucose sensing generated LSPR through the interaction of the evanescent wave with AuNPs deposited at the tapered waist. The results indicated that the TOF (Ø = 5 µm) exhibited improved sensing performance with a sensitivity of 1265%/RIU compared to the TOF (Ø = 12 µm) at 560%/RIU towards glucose. The AuNPs were characterized using scanning electron microscopy and ultraviolent-visible spectroscopy. The AuNPs-decorated TOF (Ø = 12 µm) demonstrated a high sensitivity of 2032%/RIU toward glucose. The AuNPs-decorated TOF sensor showed a sensitivity enhancement of nearly 4 times over TOF (Ø = 12 µm) with RI ranging from 1.328 to 1.393. The fabricated TOF enabled ultrasensitive glucose detection with good stability and fast response that may lead to next-generation ultrasensitive biosensors for real-world applications, such as disease diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erem Ujah
- Center for Bioelectronics, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA, 23508, USA
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA, 23508, USA
| | - Meimei Lai
- Center for Bioelectronics, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA, 23508, USA
| | - Gymama Slaughter
- Center for Bioelectronics, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA, 23508, USA.
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA, 23508, USA.
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15
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Abstract
This paper reviews methods for detecting proteins based on molecular digitization, i.e., the isolation and detection of single protein molecules or singulated ensembles of protein molecules. The single molecule resolution of these methods has resulted in significant improvements in the sensitivity of immunoassays beyond what was possible using traditional "analog" methods: the sensitivity of some digital immunoassays approach those of methods for measuring nucleic acids, such as the polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The greater sensitivity of digital protein detection has resulted in immuno-diagnostics with high potential societal impact, e.g., the early diagnosis and therapeutic intervention of Alzheimer's Disease. In this review, we will first provide the motivation for developing digital protein detection methods given the limitations in the sensitivity of analog methods. We will describe the paradigm shift catalyzed by single molecule detection, and will describe in detail one digital approach - which we call digital bead assays (DBA) - based on the capture and labeling of proteins on beads, identifying "on" and "off" beads, and quantification using Poisson statistics. DBA based on the single molecule array (Simoa) technology have sensitivities down to attomolar concentrations, equating to ∼10 proteins in a 200 μL sample. We will describe the concept behind DBA, the different single molecule labels used, the ways of analyzing beads (imaging of arrays and flow), the binding reagents and substrates used, and integration of these technologies into fully automated and miniaturized systems. We provide an overview of emerging approaches to digital protein detection, including those based on digital detection of nucleic acids labels, single nanoparticle detection, measurements using nanopores, and methods that exploit the kinetics of single molecule binding. We outline the initial impact of digital protein detection on clinical measurements, highlighting the importance of customized assay development and translational clinical research. We highlight the use of DBA in the measurement of neurological protein biomarkers in blood, and how these higher sensitivity methods are changing the diagnosis and treatment of neurological diseases. We conclude by summarizing the status of digital protein detection and suggest how the lab-on-a-chip community might drive future innovations in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- David C Duffy
- Quanterix Corporation, 900 Middlesex Turnpike, Billerica, MA 01821, USA.
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16
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Mangach H, El Badri Y, Hmima A, Bouzid A, Achaoui Y, Zeng S. Asymmetrical Dimer Photonic Crystals Enabling Outstanding Optical Sensing Performance. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:375. [PMID: 36770337 PMCID: PMC9919768 DOI: 10.3390/nano13030375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The exploration of the propensity of engineered materials to bring forward innovations predicated on their periodic nanostructured tailoring rather than the features of their individual compounds is a continuous pursuit that has propelled optical sensors to the forefront of ultra-sensitive bio-identification. Herein, a numerical analysis based on the Finite Element Method (FEM) was used to investigate and optimize the optical properties of a unidirectional asymmetric dimer photonic crystal (PhC). The proposed device has many advantages from a nanofabrication standpoint compared to conventional PhCs sensors, where integrating defects within the periodic array is imperative. The eigenvalue and transmission analysis performed indicate the presence of a protected, confined mode within the structure, resulting in a Fano-like response in the prohibited states. The optical sensor demonstrated a promising prospect for monitoring the DNA hybridization process, with a quality factor (QF) of roughly 1.53×105 and a detection limit (DL) of 4.4×10-5 RIU. Moreover, this approach is easily scalable in size while keeping the same attributes, which may potentially enable gaze monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hicham Mangach
- Light, Nanomaterials Nanotechnologies (L2n), CNRS-ERL 7004, Université de Technologie de Troyes, 10000 Troyes, France
- Laboratory of Optics, Information Processing, Mechanics, Energetics and Electronics, Department of Physics, Moulay Ismail University, B.P. 11201, Zitoune, Meknes 50000, Morocco
| | - Youssef El Badri
- Laboratory of Optics, Information Processing, Mechanics, Energetics and Electronics, Department of Physics, Moulay Ismail University, B.P. 11201, Zitoune, Meknes 50000, Morocco
| | - Abdelhamid Hmima
- Light, Nanomaterials Nanotechnologies (L2n), CNRS-ERL 7004, Université de Technologie de Troyes, 10000 Troyes, France
| | - Abdenbi Bouzid
- Laboratory of Optics, Information Processing, Mechanics, Energetics and Electronics, Department of Physics, Moulay Ismail University, B.P. 11201, Zitoune, Meknes 50000, Morocco
| | - Younes Achaoui
- Laboratory of Optics, Information Processing, Mechanics, Energetics and Electronics, Department of Physics, Moulay Ismail University, B.P. 11201, Zitoune, Meknes 50000, Morocco
| | - Shuwen Zeng
- Light, Nanomaterials Nanotechnologies (L2n), CNRS-ERL 7004, Université de Technologie de Troyes, 10000 Troyes, France
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17
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Cai X, Xu L. A Piezoelectrically Excited ZnO Nanowire Mass Sensor with Closed-Loop Detection at Room Temperature. MICROMACHINES 2022; 13:2242. [PMID: 36557541 PMCID: PMC9788434 DOI: 10.3390/mi13122242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
One-dimensional nanobeam mass sensors offer an unprecedented ability to measure tiny masses or even the mass of individual molecules or atoms, enabling many interesting applications in the fields of mass spectrometry and atomic physics. However, current nano-beam mass sensors suffer from poor real-time test performance and high environment requirements. This paper proposes a piezoelectrically excited ZnO nanowire (NW) mass sensor with closed-loop detection at room temperature to break this limitation. It is detected that the designed piezo-excited ZnO NW could operate at room temperature with a resonant frequency of 417.35 MHz, a quality factor of 3010, a mass sensitivity of -8.1 Hz/zg, and a resolution of 192 zg. The multi-field coupling dynamic model of ZnO NW mass sensor under piezoelectric excitation was established and solved. The nonlinear amplitude-frequency characteristic formula, frequency formula, modal function, sensitivity curve, and linear operating interval were obtained. The ZnO NW mass sensor was fabricated by a top-down method and its response to ethanol gas molecules was tested at room temperature. Experiments show that the sensor has high sensitivity, good closed-loop tracking performance, and high linearity, which provides great potential for the detection of biochemical reaction process of biological particles based on mechanics.
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18
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Guo Y, Li Z, An N, Guo Y, Wang Y, Yuan Y, Zhang H, Tan T, Wu C, Peng B, Soavi G, Rao Y, Yao B. A Monolithic Graphene-Functionalized Microlaser for Multispecies Gas Detection. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2207777. [PMID: 36210725 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202207777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Revised: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Optical-microcavity-enhanced light-matter interaction offers a powerful tool to develop fast and precise sensing techniques, spurring applications in the detection of biochemical targets ranging from cells, nanoparticles, and large molecules. However, the intrinsic inertness of such pristine microresonators limits their spread in new fields such as gas detection. Here, a functionalized microlaser sensor is realized by depositing graphene in an erbium-doped over-modal microsphere. By using a 980 nm pump, multiple laser lines excited in different mode families of the microresonator are co-generated in a single device. The interference between these splitting mode lasers produce beat notes in the electrical domain (0.2-1.1 MHz) with sub-kHz accuracy, thanks to the graphene-induced intracavity backward scattering. This allows for lab-free multispecies gas identification from a mixture, and ultrasensitive gas detection down to individual molecule.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanhong Guo
- Key Laboratory of Optical Fibre Sensing and Communications (Education Ministry of China), University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731, China
| | - Zhaoyu Li
- Key Laboratory of Optical Fibre Sensing and Communications (Education Ministry of China), University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731, China
| | - Ning An
- Key Laboratory of Optical Fibre Sensing and Communications (Education Ministry of China), University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731, China
| | - Yongzheng Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Film and Integrated Devices, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731, China
| | - Yuchen Wang
- Key Laboratory of Optical Fibre Sensing and Communications (Education Ministry of China), University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731, China
| | - Yusen Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Optical Fibre Sensing and Communications (Education Ministry of China), University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731, China
- School of Engineering, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Hao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Optical Fibre Sensing and Communications (Education Ministry of China), University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731, China
| | - Teng Tan
- Key Laboratory of Optical Fibre Sensing and Communications (Education Ministry of China), University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731, China
| | - Caihao Wu
- Key Laboratory of Optical Fibre Sensing and Communications (Education Ministry of China), University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731, China
| | - Bo Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Film and Integrated Devices, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731, China
| | - Giancarlo Soavi
- Institute of Solid State Physics, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, 07743, Jena, Germany
- Abbe Center of Photonics, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, 07745, Jena, Germany
| | - Yunjiang Rao
- Key Laboratory of Optical Fibre Sensing and Communications (Education Ministry of China), University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731, China
- Research Centre for Optical Fiber Sensing, Zhejiang Laboratory, Hangzhou, 310000, China
| | - Baicheng Yao
- Key Laboratory of Optical Fibre Sensing and Communications (Education Ministry of China), University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731, China
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19
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Demonstration of intracellular real-time molecular quantification via FRET-enhanced optical microcavity. Nat Commun 2022; 13:6685. [PMID: 36335126 PMCID: PMC9637138 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-34547-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Single cell analysis is crucial for elucidating cellular diversity and heterogeneity as well as for medical diagnostics operating at the ultimate detection limit. Although superbly sensitive biosensors have been developed using the strongly enhanced evanescent fields provided by optical microcavities, real-time quantification of intracellular molecules remains challenging due to the extreme low quantity and limitations of the current techniques. Here, we introduce an active-mode optical microcavity sensing stage with enhanced sensitivity that operates via Förster resonant energy transferring (FRET) mechanism. The mutual effects of optical microcavity and FRET greatly enhances the sensing performance by four orders of magnitude compared to pure Whispering gallery mode (WGM) microcavity sensing system. We demonstrate distinct sensing mechanism of FRET-WGM from pure WGM. Predicted lasing wavelengths of both donor and acceptor by theoretical calculations are in perfect agreement with the experimental data. The proposed sensor enables quantitative molecular analysis at single cell resolution, and real-time monitoring of intracellular molecules over extended periods while maintaining the cell viability. By achieving high sensitivity at single cell level, our approach provides a path toward FRET-enhanced real-time quantitative analysis of intracellular molecules.
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20
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Kullig J, Wiersig J. Ray-Wave Correspondence in Microstar Cavities. ENTROPY (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 24:1614. [PMID: 36359703 PMCID: PMC9689395 DOI: 10.3390/e24111614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Revised: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
In a previous work by the authors (Phys. Rev. Research 2, 012072(R) (2020)) a novel concept of light confinement in a microcavity was introduced which is based on successive perfect transmissions at Brewster's angle. Hence, a new class of open billiards was designed with star-shaped microcavities where rays propagate on orbits that leave and re-enter the cavity. In this article, we investigate the ray-wave correspondence in microstar cavities. An unintuitive difference between clockwise and counterclockwise propagation is revealed which is traced back to nonlinear resonance chains in phase space.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julius Kullig
- Institut für Physik, Otto-von-Guericke-Universität Magdeburg, Postfach 4120, D-39016 Magdeburg, Germany
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21
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Ren D, Dong C, Addamane SJ, Burghoff D. High-quality microresonators in the longwave infrared based on native germanium. Nat Commun 2022; 13:5727. [PMID: 36202791 PMCID: PMC9537179 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-32706-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The longwave infrared (LWIR) region of the spectrum spans 8 to 14 μm and enables high-performance sensing and imaging for detection, ranging, and monitoring. Chip-scale LWIR photonics has enormous potential for real-time environmental monitoring, explosive detection, and biomedicine. However, realizing technologies such as precision sensors and broadband frequency combs requires ultra low-loss and low-dispersion components, which have so far remained elusive in this regime. Here, we use native germanium to demonstrate the first high-quality microresonators in the LWIR. These microresonators are coupled to partially-suspended Ge waveguides on a separate glass chip, allowing for the first unambiguous measurements of isolated linewidths. At 8 μm, we measured losses of 0.5 dB/cm and intrinsic quality (Q) factors of 2.5 × 105, nearly two orders of magnitude higher than prior LWIR resonators. Our work portends the development of novel sensing and nonlinear photonics in the LWIR regime.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dingding Ren
- Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, USA.
- Department of Electronic Systems, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway.
| | - Chao Dong
- Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, USA
| | - Sadhvikas J Addamane
- Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies, Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - David Burghoff
- Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, USA
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22
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Huang H, Wang H, Li S, Jiang J, Liu Y, Cai M, Shao L, Chen H, Wang J. WS 2-Flake-Sandwiched, Au-Nanodisk-Enabled High-Quality Fabry-Pérot Nanoresonators for Photoluminescence Modulation. ACS NANO 2022; 16:14874-14884. [PMID: 36036762 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c05769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The increasing demand for compact and high-performance photonic devices drives the development of optical resonators with nanoscale sizes and ultrahigh quality factors. Fabry-Pérot (FP) resonators, the most widely employed optical resonators, can support ultrahigh quality factors in the simple structure, which is particularly attractive for applications in lasers, filters, and ultrasensitive sensors. However, the construction of FP resonators with both nanoscale sizes and high quality factors has still faced challenges. Herein we demonstrate the construction of FP nanoresonators out of single Au nanodisks (NDs) and a Au film, with a WS2 flake sandwiched in between. The atomically flat surfaces of the WS2 flake and Au NDs benefit mirror alignment and boost the quality factor up to 76. The nanoresonators can support FP resonances with different mode orders in the visible region. The optical properties and formation mechanisms of the high-quality FP modes are systematically studied. The FP modes are further hybridized with excitons in the WS2 flake spacer, enabling the modulation of the WS2 indirect band gap emissions. Our study combines the advantages of plasmonic nanoparticles and FP resonators, providing a promising platform for the development of compact nanophotonic devices such as tunable nanolasers, smart sensors, and photonic-circuit elements.
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Affiliation(s)
- He Huang
- Department of Physics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, 999077, China
| | - Hao Wang
- Shenzhen JL Computational Science and Applied Research Institute, Shenzhen 518131, China
- Beijing Computational Science Research Center, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Shasha Li
- Department of Physics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, 999077, China
- Shenzhen JL Computational Science and Applied Research Institute, Shenzhen 518131, China
- Beijing Computational Science Research Center, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jingyao Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Display Material and Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Yi Liu
- Department of Physics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, 999077, China
| | - Mingyang Cai
- Department of Physics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, 999077, China
| | - Lei Shao
- Shenzhen JL Computational Science and Applied Research Institute, Shenzhen 518131, China
- Beijing Computational Science Research Center, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Huanjun Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Display Material and Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Jianfang Wang
- Department of Physics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, 999077, China
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23
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Liquid Crystal Droplet-Based Biosensors: Promising for Point-of-Care Testing. BIOSENSORS 2022; 12:bios12090758. [PMID: 36140143 PMCID: PMC9496589 DOI: 10.3390/bios12090758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 09/04/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The development of biosensing platforms has been impressively accelerated by advancements in liquid crystal (LC) technology. High response rate, easy operation, and good stability of the LC droplet-based biosensors are all benefits of the long-range order of LC molecules. Bioprobes emerged when LC droplets were combined with biotechnology, and these bioprobes are used extensively for disease diagnosis, food safety, and environmental monitoring. The LC droplet biosensors have high sensitivity and excellent selectivity, making them an attractive tool for the label-free, economical, and real-time detection of different targets. Portable devices work well as the accessory kits for LC droplet-based biosensors to make them easier to use by anyone for on-site monitoring of targets. Herein, we offer a review of the latest developments in the design of LC droplet-based biosensors for qualitative target monitoring and quantitative target analysis.
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24
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Li R, Song Z, Zhu H, Zhang F, Chen L, Ning C, Ruan S. Ultrasensitive Detection of Biomarkers in a Color-Switchable Microcavity-Reactor Laser. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2022; 9:e2202326. [PMID: 35676221 PMCID: PMC9376852 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202202326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Early detection and diagnosis are vitally important in reducing the mortality rate of fatal diseases but require highly sensitive detection of biomarkers. Presently, detection methods with the highest sensitivity require in vitro processing, while in vivo compatible fluorescence detections require a much higher concentration of biomarkers or limit of detection (LOD). In this paper, a fundamentally new strategy for ultrasensitive detection based on color-switchable lasing with a cavity-enhanced reduction of LOD is demonstrated, down to 1.4 × 10-16 mg ml-1 for a quantitative detection, lower than both the fluorescence method and plasmonic enhanced method. For a qualitative or a yes/no type of detection, the LOD is as low as 10-17 mg ml-1 . The approach in this work is based on a dye-embedded, in vivo compatible, polystyrene-sphere cavity, penetrable by biomarkers. A polystyrene sphere serves the dual roles of a laser cavity and an in vivo bio-reactor, in which dye molecules react with a biomarker, reporting biomarker information through lasing signals. The cavity-enhanced emission and lasing with only a single biomarker molecule per cavity allow improved visual distinguishability via color changes. Furthermore, when combined with a narrow-band filter, the color-switchable lasers act as an "on-off" logic signal and can be integrated into multiplexing detection assay biochips.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ran Li
- College of New Materials and New EnergiesShenzhen Technology UniversityShenzhen518118China
| | - Zongpeng Song
- College of New Materials and New EnergiesShenzhen Technology UniversityShenzhen518118China
| | - Haiou Zhu
- College of New Materials and New EnergiesShenzhen Technology UniversityShenzhen518118China
| | - Fanglin Zhang
- School of ChemistryChemical Engineering and Life SciencesWuhan University of TechnologyWuhan430070China
| | - Lingling Chen
- College of Health and Environmental EngineeringShenzhen Technology University, ChinaShenzhen518118China
| | - Cun‐Zheng Ning
- Department of Electronic EngineeringTsinghua UniversityBeijing100084China
| | - Shuangchen Ruan
- College of New Materials and New EnergiesShenzhen Technology UniversityShenzhen518118China
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25
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Li G, Wu Y, Zhang YL, He B, Lin Q. Ultra-high resolution mass sensing based on an optomechanical nonlinearity. OPTICS EXPRESS 2022; 30:15858-15876. [PMID: 36221442 DOI: 10.1364/oe.454812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Ultra-high resolution mass sensing used to be realized by measuring the changed mechanical oscillation frequency by a small mass that should be detected. In this work we present a different approach of mass sensing without directly measuring such mechanical frequency change but relying on the modified light field due to a previously less explored nonlinear mechanism of optomechanical interaction. The concerned optomechanical setup used for the mass sensing is driven by a sufficiently strong two-tone field satisfying a condition that the difference of these two drive frequencies matches the frequency of the mechanical oscillation, so that a nonlinear effect will come into being and lock the mechanical motion under the radiation pressure into a series of fixed orbits. A small mass attached to the mechanical resonator slightly changes the mechanical frequency, thus violating the exact frequency match condition. Such small change can be detected by the amplitude modification on the higher order sidebands of the cavity field. Even given a moderate mechanical quality factor for the setup, the added mass can still be detected to the levels corresponding to a mechanical frequency shift from 5 to 7 order less than the mechanical damping rate. Because the output cavity field difference for very close values of mechanical frequency is not blurred by thermal noise, such mass sensing can be well performed at room temperature. The previous tough requirements for ultra-high resolution mass sensing can be significantly relaxed by the method.
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26
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Evanescent scattering imaging of single protein binding kinetics and DNA conformation changes. Nat Commun 2022; 13:2298. [PMID: 35484120 PMCID: PMC9051210 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-30046-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Evanescent illumination has been widely used to detect single biological macromolecules because it can notably enhance light-analyte interaction. However, the current evanescent single-molecule detection system usually requires specially designed microspheres or nanomaterials. Here we show that single protein detection and imaging can be realized on a plain glass surface by imaging the interference between the evanescent lights scattered by the single proteins and by the natural roughness of the cover glass. This allows us to quantify the sizes of single proteins, characterize the protein-antibody interactions at the single-molecule level, and analyze the heterogeneity of single protein binding behaviors. In addition, owing to the exponential distribution of evanescent field intensity, the evanescent imaging system can track the analyte axial movement with high resolution, which can be used to analyze the DNA conformation changes, providing one solution for detecting small molecules, such as microRNA. This work demonstrates a label-free single protein imaging method with ordinary consumables and may pave a road for detecting small biological molecules.
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27
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Ogura T. Raman scattering enhancement of dielectric microspheres on silicon nitride film. Sci Rep 2022; 12:5346. [PMID: 35351962 PMCID: PMC8964696 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-09315-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Circulating light in the total internal reflection within dielectric spheres or disks is called the whispering gallery mode (WGM), which by itself is highly sensitive to its surface and capable of detecting viruses and single atomic ions. The detection site of the sensors using WGM is created by the evanescent light from the circulating light inside spheres. Here we report anomalous Raman scattering enhancement in dielectric microspheres on a silicon nitride (SiN) film. This Raman enhancement occurs at the periphery of the spheres, and a similar ring of light was also observed under a fluorescence microscope. This is caused by the light circulating around the dielectric spheres as in the WGM. We observed anomalously enhanced Raman spectrum at the periphery of 3 μm diameter polystyrene (PS) microspheres on a SiN film using confocal laser Raman microscopy. The wavelength intensity of this enhanced Raman spectrum was accompanied by periodic changes due to interference. These features may lead to the development of high-sensitive sensors and optical devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshihiko Ogura
- Health and Medical Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Central 6, Higashi 1-1-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8566, Japan.
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28
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All-Dielectric Metasurface Based on Complementary Split-Ring Resonators for Refractive Index Sensing. PHOTONICS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/photonics9030130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Thanks to their lower losses and sharper resonances compared to their metallic counterparts, all-dielectric metasurfaces are attracting a quickly growing research interest. The application of such metasurfaces in the field of refractive index sensing is extremely attractive, especially due to the expected high performance and the simplicity of the sensing element excitation and readout. Herein, we report on an all-dielectric silicon metasurface based on complementary split-ring resonators (CSRRs) optimized for refractive index sensing. A quasi-bound state in the continuum (quasi-BIC) with an ultra-high quality factor can be excited in the near-infrared (NIR) window by violating the structure symmetry. By using the three-dimensional finite element method (3D-FEM), a refractive index sensor for biomedical applications with an ultra-high figure of merit (FoM > 100,000 RIU−1) has been designed, exploiting the quasi-BIC resonance. The proposed design strategy opens new avenues for developing flat biochemical sensors that are accurate and responsive in real time.
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29
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Yu XC, Tang SJ, Liu W, Xu Y, Gong Q, Chen YL, Xiao YF. Single-molecule optofluidic microsensor with interface whispering gallery modes. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2108678119. [PMID: 35115398 PMCID: PMC8832994 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2108678119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Label-free sensors are highly desirable for biological analysis and early-stage disease diagnosis. Optical evanescent sensors have shown extraordinary ability in label-free detection, but their potentials have not been fully exploited because of the weak evanescent field tails at the sensing surfaces. Here, we report an ultrasensitive optofluidic biosensor with interface whispering gallery modes in a microbubble cavity. The interface modes feature both the peak of electromagnetic-field intensity at the sensing surface and high-Q factors even in a small-sized cavity, enabling a detection limit as low as 0.3 pg/cm2 The sample consumption can be pushed down to 10 pL due to the intrinsically integrated microfluidic channel. Furthermore, detection of single DNA with 8 kDa molecular weight is realized by the plasmonic-enhanced interface mode.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Chong Yu
- State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Frontiers Science Center for Nano-optoelectronics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Department of Physics, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
- Applied Optics Beijing Area Major Laboratory, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Shui-Jing Tang
- State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Frontiers Science Center for Nano-optoelectronics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Wenjing Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Frontiers Science Center for Nano-optoelectronics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Yinglun Xu
- State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Frontiers Science Center for Nano-optoelectronics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Qihuang Gong
- State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Frontiers Science Center for Nano-optoelectronics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - You-Ling Chen
- State Key Laboratory on Integrated Optoelectronics, Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100083, China;
| | - Yun-Feng Xiao
- State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China;
- Frontiers Science Center for Nano-optoelectronics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
- Yangtze Delta Institute of Optoelectronics, Peking University, Nantong 226010, China
- National Biomedical Imaging Center, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
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30
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Peri SSS, Raza MU, Sabnani MK, Ghaffari S, Gimlin S, Wawro DD, Lee JS, Kim MJ, Weidanz J, Alexandrakis G. Self-Induced Back-Action Actuated Nanopore Electrophoresis (SANE) Sensor for Label-Free Detection of Cancer Immunotherapy-Relevant Antibody-Ligand Interactions. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2394:343-376. [PMID: 35094337 PMCID: PMC9207820 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-1811-0_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
We fabricated a novel single molecule nanosensor by integrating a solid-state nanopore and a double nanohole nanoaperture. The nanosensor employs Self-Induced Back-Action (SIBA) for optical trapping and enables SIBA-Actuated Nanopore Electrophoresis (SANE) for concurrent acquisition of bimodal optical and electrical signatures of molecular interactions. This work describes how to fabricate and use the SANE sensor to quantify antibody-ligand interactions. We describe how to analyze the bimodal optical-electrical data to improve upon the discrimination of antibody and ligand versus bound complex compared to electrical measurements alone. Example results for specific interaction detection are described for T-cell receptor-like antibodies (TCRmAbs) engineered to target peptide-presenting Major Histocompatibility Complex (pMHC) ligands, representing a model of target ligands presented on the surface of cancer cells. We also describe how to analyze the bimodal optical-electrical data to discriminate between specific and non-specific interactions between antibodies and ligands. Example results for non-specific interactions are shown for cancer-irrelevant TCRmAbs targeting the same pMHCs, as a control. These example results demonstrate the utility of the SANE sensor as a potential screening tool for ligand targets in cancer immunotherapy, though we believe that its potential uses are much broader.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Muhammad Usman Raza
- Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX, USA
| | - Manoj K Sabnani
- Department of Biology, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX, USA
| | - Soroush Ghaffari
- Department of Biology, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX, USA
| | | | - Debra D Wawro
- Resonant Sensors Incorporated (RSI), Arlington, TX, USA
| | - Jung Soo Lee
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Southern Methodist University, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Min Jun Kim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Southern Methodist University, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Jon Weidanz
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX, USA
| | - George Alexandrakis
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX, USA.
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31
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Chen YS, Meng D, Ma WZ, Chen W, Zhuang PP, Chen W, Fan ZC, Dou C, Gu Y, Liu J. Fingerprint detection in the mid-infrared region based on guided-mode resonance and phonon-polariton coupling of analyte. OPTICS EXPRESS 2021; 29:37234-37244. [PMID: 34808800 DOI: 10.1364/oe.438354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Mid-infrared absorption spectroscopy is an effective method for detecting analyte fingerprints without labeling, but the inherent loss of metals in current methods is a main issue. Here, a sensing scheme was proposed that uses an all-dielectric grating metasurface and angular scanning of polarized light, and then it was verified by numerical simulation. The proposed fingerprint detection scheme could effectively couple a guided-mode resonance spectrum peak with the characteristic peak of the analyte's phonon-polariton in the mid-infrared region, significantly enhancing the interaction between light and the analyte. The novel scheme would realize broadband enhancement to detect a variety of substances, and facilitate mid-infrared sensing and analysis of trace substances.
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32
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Yang C, Zhang L, Lu C, Zhou S, Li X, Li Y, Yang Y, Li Y, Liu Z, Yang J, Houk KN, Mo F, Guo X. Unveiling the full reaction path of the Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling in a single-molecule junction. NATURE NANOTECHNOLOGY 2021; 16:1214-1223. [PMID: 34475558 DOI: 10.1038/s41565-021-00959-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Conventional analytic techniques that measure ensemble averages and static disorder provide essential knowledge of the reaction mechanisms of organic and organometallic reactions. However, single-molecule junctions enable the in situ, label-free and non-destructive sensing of molecular reaction processes at the single-event level with an excellent temporal resolution. Here we deciphered the mechanism of Pd-catalysed Suzuki-Miyaura coupling by means of a high-resolution single-molecule platform. Through molecular engineering, we covalently integrated a single molecule Pd catalyst into nanogapped graphene point electrodes. We detected sequential electrical signals that originated from oxidative addition/ligand exchange, pretransmetallation, transmetallation and reductive elimination in a periodic pattern. Our analysis shows that the transmetallation is the rate-determining step of the catalytic cycle and clarifies the controversial transmetallation mechanism. Furthermore, we determined the kinetic and thermodynamic constants of each elementary step and the overall catalytic timescale of this Suzuki-Miyaura coupling. Our work establishes the single-molecule platform as a detection technology for catalytic organochemistry that can monitor transition-metal-catalysed reactions in real time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Yang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Energy and Resources Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Chenxi Lu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Shuyao Zhou
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Xingxing Li
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, P. R. China
| | - Yanwei Li
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao, P. R. China
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
| | - Yu Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Zhirong Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Jinlong Yang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, P. R. China
| | - K N Houk
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
| | - Fanyang Mo
- Department of Energy and Resources Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, P. R. China.
| | - Xuefeng Guo
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, P. R. China.
- Center of Single-Molecule Sciences, Institute of Modern Optics, College of Electronic Information and Optical Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, P. R. China.
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33
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Brice I, Grundsteins K, Draguns K, Atvars A, Alnis J. Whispering Gallery Mode Resonator Temperature Compensation and Refractive Index Sensing in Glucose Droplets. SENSORS 2021; 21:s21217184. [PMID: 34770491 PMCID: PMC8588403 DOI: 10.3390/s21217184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Revised: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Among the different types of photonic sensor devices, optical whispering gallery mode resonators (WGMRs) have attracted interest due to their high level of sensitivity, small size, and ability to perform real-time temperature measurements. Here we demonstrate the applicability of temperature measurements using WGMR in both air and liquid environments. We also show that WGMR allowed measurements of the refractive index variations in an evaporating glucose–water solution droplet. The thermal tuning of WGMR can be reduced by coating WGMRs with a thin layer of polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA). Dip-coating the silica microsphere multiple times significantly reduced the resonance shift, partially compensating for the positive thermo-optical coefficient of silica. The shift direction changed the sign eventually.
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34
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Asghari A, Wang C, Yoo KM, Rostamian A, Xu X, Shin JD, Dalir H, Chen RT. Fast, accurate, point-of-care COVID-19 pandemic diagnosis enabled through advanced lab-on-chip optical biosensors: Opportunities and challenges. APPLIED PHYSICS REVIEWS 2021; 8:031313. [PMID: 34552683 PMCID: PMC8427516 DOI: 10.1063/5.0022211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
The sudden rise of the worldwide severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic in early 2020 has called into drastic action measures to perform instant detection and reduce the rate of spread. Common clinical and nonclinical diagnostic testing methods have been partially effective in satisfying the increasing demand for fast detection point-of-care (POC) methods to slow down further spread. However, accurate point-of-risk diagnosis of this emerging viral infection is paramount as the need for simultaneous standard operating procedures and symptom management of SARS-CoV-2 will be the norm for years to come. A sensitive, cost-effective biosensor with mass production capability is crucial until a universal vaccination becomes available. Optical biosensors can provide a noninvasive, extremely sensitive rapid detection platform with sensitivity down to ∼67 fg/ml (1 fM) concentration in a few minutes. These biosensors can be manufactured on a mass scale (millions) to detect the COVID-19 viral load in nasal, saliva, urine, and serological samples, even if the infected person is asymptotic. Methods investigated here are the most advanced available platforms for biosensing optical devices that have resulted from the integration of state-of-the-art designs and materials. These approaches include, but are not limited to, integrated optical devices, plasmonic resonance, and emerging nanomaterial biosensors. The lab-on-chip platforms examined here are suitable not only for SARS-CoV-2 spike protein detection but also for other contagious virions such as influenza and Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS).
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Affiliation(s)
- Aref Asghari
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78758, USA
| | - Chao Wang
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78758, USA
| | - Kyoung Min Yoo
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78758, USA
| | - Ali Rostamian
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78758, USA
| | - Xiaochuan Xu
- Omega Optics, Inc., 8500 Shoal Creek Blvd., Austin, Texas 78757, USA
| | - Jong-Dug Shin
- Omega Optics, Inc., 8500 Shoal Creek Blvd., Austin, Texas 78757, USA
| | - Hamed Dalir
- Omega Optics, Inc., 8500 Shoal Creek Blvd., Austin, Texas 78757, USA
| | - Ray T. Chen
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed:
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35
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Liquid crystal-based biosensors as lab-on-chip tools: Promising for future on-site detection test kits. Trends Analyt Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2021.116325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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36
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Li W, Miao Y, Fei C, Zhang H, Li B, Zhang K. Enhanced photothermal signal detection by graphene oxide integrated long period fiber grating for on-site quantification of sodium copper chlorophyllin. Analyst 2021; 146:3617-3622. [PMID: 33928968 DOI: 10.1039/d1an00444a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
An enhanced photothermal signal detection method based on graphene oxide (GO) integrated long period fiber grating (LPFG) for on-site sodium copper chlorophyllin (SCC) quantification is proposed. SCC, as a porphyrin compound, can be photonically excited to induce a stronger photothermal effect. GO offers superior molecular adsorption and thermal conductivity properties; depositing it on the LPFG surface significantly improves the sensitivity and detection efficiency of the SCC photothermal signal, when irradiated with a 405 nm laser. The experimental results showed improved performance compared with those from uncoated LPFG, with a sensitivity of 0.0587 dB (mg L-1)-1 and a limit of detection (LOD) of 0.17 mg kg-1, which is also an order of magnitude lower than that of traditional high-performance liquid chromatography. The proposed method has potential applications in the fields of real-time food safety monitoring, environmental pollutant detection, and disease diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjie Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Film Electronic and Communicate Devices, School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin 300384, China.
| | - Yinping Miao
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Film Electronic and Communicate Devices, School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin 300384, China.
| | - Chengwei Fei
- Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Hongmin Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Film Electronic and Communicate Devices, School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin 300384, China.
| | - Bin Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Film Electronic and Communicate Devices, School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin 300384, China.
| | - Kailiang Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Film Electronic and Communicate Devices, School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin 300384, China.
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37
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Zhang R, Yang Z, Zhao M, Xu P, Zhang W, Kang Z, Zheng J, Dai S, Wang R, Majumdar A. High quality, high index-contrast chalcogenide microdisk resonators. OPTICS EXPRESS 2021; 29:17775-17783. [PMID: 34154053 DOI: 10.1364/oe.427054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate the high quality (Q) factor microdisk resonators in high index-contrast chalcogenide glass (ChG) film GeSbSe using electron-beam lithography followed by plasma dry etching. High confinement, low-loss, and single-point-coupled microdisk resonators with a loaded Q factor of 5×105 are measured. We also present pulley-coupled microdisk resonators for relaxing the requirements on the coupling gap. While adjusting the wrap-around coupling waveguides to be phase-matched to the resonator mode, a single specific microdisk radial mode can be excited. Moreover, the thermal characterization of microdisk resonators is carried out to estimate the thermo-optic coefficient of 6.7×10-5/K for bulk ChG.
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38
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Liu W, Li Y, Yu H, Wang J, Hu A, Jia S, Li X, Yang H, Dai L, Lu G, Liu Y, Wang S, Gong Q. Imaging and Controlling Photonic Modes in Perovskite Microcavities. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2021; 33:e2100775. [PMID: 33987871 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202100775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Revised: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Perovskite microcavities have excellent photophysical properties for integrated optoelectronic devices, such as nanolasers. Imaging and controlling the photonic modes within the cavity are fundamentally important to understand and develop applications. Here, photoemission electron microscopy (PEEM) is used to image the photonic modes within optical microcavities with a nanometer-scale spatial resolution. From a CsPbBr3 microcavity, hybrid mode patterns are observed. Spatial frequency spectrum analysis on the patterns uncovers the characteristic cavity modes, which are modeled with transverse magnetic (TM) and transverse electric (TE) waves, and assigned to exciton-polariton modes. Based on this understanding, the light focus in a designed microcavity is imaged in real space and controlled by the light field polarization. The study confirms that the cavity modes in perovskites can be effectively observed by the PEEM technique under resonant excitation, which, in turn, promotes the design of optoelectronic devices based on perovskite microcavities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Artificial Microstructure and Mesoscopic Physics, Department of Physics, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Yaolong Li
- State Key Laboratory for Artificial Microstructure and Mesoscopic Physics, Department of Physics, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Haoran Yu
- State Key Laboratory for Artificial Microstructure and Mesoscopic Physics, Department of Physics, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Ju Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Artificial Microstructure and Mesoscopic Physics, Department of Physics, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Aiqin Hu
- State Key Laboratory for Artificial Microstructure and Mesoscopic Physics, Department of Physics, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Shangtong Jia
- State Key Laboratory for Artificial Microstructure and Mesoscopic Physics, Department of Physics, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Xiaofang Li
- State Key Laboratory for Artificial Microstructure and Mesoscopic Physics, Department of Physics, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Hong Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Artificial Microstructure and Mesoscopic Physics, Department of Physics, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Lun Dai
- State Key Laboratory for Artificial Microstructure and Mesoscopic Physics, Department of Physics, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Guowei Lu
- State Key Laboratory for Artificial Microstructure and Mesoscopic Physics, Department of Physics, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Yunquan Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Artificial Microstructure and Mesoscopic Physics, Department of Physics, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030006, China
- Frontiers Science Center for Nano-Optoelectronics, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
- Peking University Yangtze Delta Institute of Optoelectronics, Nantong, Jiangsu, 226010, China
| | - Shufeng Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Artificial Microstructure and Mesoscopic Physics, Department of Physics, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030006, China
- Frontiers Science Center for Nano-Optoelectronics, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
- Peking University Yangtze Delta Institute of Optoelectronics, Nantong, Jiangsu, 226010, China
| | - Qihuang Gong
- State Key Laboratory for Artificial Microstructure and Mesoscopic Physics, Department of Physics, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030006, China
- Frontiers Science Center for Nano-Optoelectronics, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
- Peking University Yangtze Delta Institute of Optoelectronics, Nantong, Jiangsu, 226010, China
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Gong C, Qiao Z, Yuan Z, Huang S, Wang W, Wu PC, Chen Y. Topological Encoded Vector Beams for Monitoring Amyloid-Lipid Interactions in Microcavity. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2021; 8:2100096. [PMID: 34194941 PMCID: PMC8224421 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202100096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Revised: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Lasers are the pillars of modern photonics and sensing. Recent advances in microlasers have demonstrated its extraordinary lasing characteristics suitable for biosensing. However, most lasers utilized lasing spectrum as a detection signal, which can hardly detect or characterize nanoscale structural changes in microcavity. Here the concept of amplified structured light-molecule interactions is introduced to monitor tiny bio-structural changes in a microcavity. Biomimetic liquid crystal droplets with self-assembled lipid monolayers are sandwiched in a Fabry-Pérot cavity, where subtle protein-lipid membrane interactions trigger the topological transformation of output vector beams. By exploiting Amyloid β (Aβ)-lipid membrane interactions as a proof-of-concept, it is demonstrated that vector laser beams can be viewed as a topology of complex laser modes and polarization states. The concept of topological-encoded laser barcodes is therefore developed to reveal dynamic changes of laser modes and Aβ-lipid interactions with different Aβ assembly structures. The findings demonstrate that the topology of vector beams represents significant features of intracavity nano-structural dynamics resulted from structured light-molecule interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaoyang Gong
- School of Electrical and Electronic EngineeringNanyang Technological University50 Nanyang AvenueSingapore639798Singapore
| | - Zhen Qiao
- School of Electrical and Electronic EngineeringNanyang Technological University50 Nanyang AvenueSingapore639798Singapore
| | - Zhiyi Yuan
- School of Electrical and Electronic EngineeringNanyang Technological University50 Nanyang AvenueSingapore639798Singapore
| | - Shih‐Hsiu Huang
- Department of PhotonicsNational Cheng Kung UniversityTainan70101Taiwan
| | - Wenjie Wang
- Key Lab of Advanced Transducers and Intelligent Control System of Ministry of EducationTaiyuan University of TechnologyTaiyuan030024P. R. China
| | - Pin Chieh Wu
- Department of PhotonicsNational Cheng Kung UniversityTainan70101Taiwan
| | - Yu‐Cheng Chen
- School of Electrical and Electronic EngineeringNanyang Technological University50 Nanyang AvenueSingapore639798Singapore
- School of Chemical and Biomedical EngineeringNanyang Technological University62 Nanyang DriveSingapore637459Singapore
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40
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Wang Z, Xu T, Noel A, Chen YC, Liu T. Applications of liquid crystals in biosensing. SOFT MATTER 2021; 17:4675-4702. [PMID: 33978639 DOI: 10.1039/d0sm02088e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Liquid crystals (LCs), as a promising branch of highly-sensitive, quick-response, and low-cost materials, are widely applied to the detection of weak external stimuli and have attracted significant attention. Over the past decade, many research groups have been devoted to developing LC-based biosensors due to their self-assembly potential and functional diversity. In this paper, recent investigations on the design and application of LC-based biosensors are reviewed, based on the phenomenon that the orientation of LCs can be directly influenced by the interactions between biomolecules and LC molecules. The sensing principle of LC-based biosensors, as well as their signal detection by probing interfacial interactions, is described to convert, amplify, and quantify the information from targets into optical and electrical parameters. Furthermore, commonly-used LC biosensing targets are introduced, including glucose, proteins, enzymes, nucleic acids, cells, microorganisms, ions, and other micromolecules that are critical to human health. Due to their self-assembly potential, chemical diversity, and high sensitivity, it has been reported that tunable stimuli-responsive LC biosensors show bright perspectives and high superiorities in biological applications. Finally, challenges and future prospects are discussed for the fabrication and application of LC biosensors to both enhance their performance and to realize their promise in the biosensing industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyihui Wang
- School of Precision Instrument and Opto-Electronics Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China.
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41
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Yang J, Shi S, Xie X, Wu S, Xiao S, Song F, Dang J, Sun S, Yang L, Wang Y, Ge ZY, Li BB, Zuo Z, Jin K, Xu X. Enhanced emission from a single quantum dot in a microdisk at a deterministic diabolical point. OPTICS EXPRESS 2021; 29:14231-14244. [PMID: 33985147 DOI: 10.1364/oe.419740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
We report on controllable cavity modes by controlling the backscattering by two identical scatterers. Periodic changes of the backscattering coupling between two degenerate cavity modes are observed with the changing angle between two scatterers and elucidated by a theoretical model using two-mode approximation and numerical simulations. The periodically appearing single-peak cavity modes indicate mode degeneracy at diabolical points. Interactions between single quantum dots and cavity modes are then investigated. Enhanced emission of a quantum dot with a six-fold intensity increase is obtained in a microdisk at a diabolical point. This method to control cavity modes allows large-scale integration, high reproducibility and flexible design of the size, the location, the quantity and the shape for scatterers, which can be applied for integrated photonic structures with scatterer-modified light-matter interaction.
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42
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Ding XL, Tuo QZ, Lei P. An Introduction to Ultrasensitive Assays for Plasma Tau Detection. J Alzheimers Dis 2021; 80:1353-1362. [PMID: 33682718 DOI: 10.3233/jad-201499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The detection of plasma tau and its phosphorylation is technically challenging due to the relatively low sensitivity. However, in Alzheimer’s disease and other tauopathies, it is hypothesized that tau in the biofluid may serve as a biomarker. In recent years, several ultrasensitive assays have been developed, which can successfully detect tau and its phosphorylation in various biofluids, and collectively demonstrated the prognostic and diagnostic value of plasma tau/phosphorylated tau. Here we have summarized the principle of four ultrasensitive assays newly developed suitable for plasma tau detection, namely single-molecule array, immunomagnetic reduction assay, enhanced immunoassay using multi-arrayed fiber optics, and meso scale discovery assay, with their advantages and applications. We have also compared these assays with traditional enzyme-linked-immunosorbent serologic assay, hoping to facilitate future tau-based biomarker discovery for Alzheimer’s disease and other neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu-Long Ding
- Department of Neurology and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, P.R. China
| | - Qing-zhang Tuo
- Department of Neurology and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, P.R. China
| | - Peng Lei
- Department of Neurology and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, P.R. China
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43
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Su S, Ye X, Liu S, Zheng Y, Chen X. Active mode selection by defects in lithium niobate on insulator microdisks. OPTICS EXPRESS 2021; 29:11885-11891. [PMID: 33984960 DOI: 10.1364/oe.422113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Whispering gallery mode (WGM) optical microcavities are important building blocks in photonic integrated circuits. Operation of such cavities on specific lower- or higher- order transverse modes has much interest in application perspectives. Here, we demonstrate active mode selection by introducing defects in lithium niobate on insulator microdisks. A focused ion beam is applied to precisely inscribe nano slits into the perimeter of the microdisk. The transmission spectra can be significantly thinned out without severe quality factor degradation. Either fundamental or high-order transverse WGMs can be retained by properly designing the size and location of the defects. The approach may have promising applications in single-mode lasing and nonlinear optics.
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44
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Acosta LK, Law CS, Lim SY, Abell AD, Marsal LF, Santos A. Role of Spectral Resonance Features and Surface Chemistry in the Optical Sensitivity of Light-Confining Nanoporous Photonic Crystals. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:14394-14406. [PMID: 33733749 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c00914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Nanoporous anodic alumina optical microcavities (NAA-μQVs) with spectrally tunable resonance band and surface chemistry are used as model light-confining photonic crystal (PC) platforms to elucidate the combined effect of spectral light confinement features and surface chemistry on optical sensitivity. These model nanoporous PCs show well-resolved, spectrally tunable resonance bands (RBs), the central wavelength of which is engineered from ∼400 to 800 nm by the period of the input anodization profile. The optical sensitivity of the as-produced (hydrophilic) and dichlorodimethylsilane-functionalized (hydrophobic) NAA-μQVs is studied by monitoring dynamic spectral shifts of their RB upon infiltration with organic- and aqueous-based analytical solutions of equally varying refractive index, from 1.333 to 1.345 RIU. Our findings demonstrate that hydrophilic NAA-μQVs show ∼81 and 35% superior sensitivity to their hydrophobic counterparts for organic- and aqueous-based analytical solutions, respectively. Interestingly, the sensitivity of hydrophilic NAA-μQVs per unit of spectral shift is more than 3-fold higher in organic than in aqueous matrices upon equal change of refractive index, with values of 0.347 ± 0.002 and 0.109 ± 0.001 (nm RIU-1) nm-1, respectively. Conversely, hydrophobic NAA-μQVs are found to be slightly more sensitive toward changes of refractive index in aqueous medium, with sensitivities of 0.072 ± 0.002 and 0.066 ± 0.006 (nm RIU-1) nm-1 in water- and organic-based analytical solutions, respectively. Our advances provide insights into critical factors determining optical sensitivity in light-confining nanoporous PC structures, with implications across optical sensing applications, and other photonic technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura K Acosta
- School of Chemical Engineering and Advanced Materials, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia
- Department of Electronic, Electric, and Automatics Engineering, Rovira i Virgili University, Tarragona 43007, Spain
| | - Cheryl Suwen Law
- School of Chemical Engineering and Advanced Materials, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia
- Institute for Photonics and Advanced Sensing, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Nanoscale BioPhotonics, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia
| | - Siew Yee Lim
- School of Chemical Engineering and Advanced Materials, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia
- Institute for Photonics and Advanced Sensing, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Nanoscale BioPhotonics, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia
| | - Andrew D Abell
- Institute for Photonics and Advanced Sensing, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Nanoscale BioPhotonics, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia
| | - Lluis F Marsal
- Department of Electronic, Electric, and Automatics Engineering, Rovira i Virgili University, Tarragona 43007, Spain
| | - Abel Santos
- School of Chemical Engineering and Advanced Materials, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia
- Institute for Photonics and Advanced Sensing, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Nanoscale BioPhotonics, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia
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45
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Gopinath A, Thachuk C, Mitskovets A, Atwater HA, Kirkpatrick D, Rothemund PWK. Absolute and arbitrary orientation of single-molecule shapes. Science 2021; 371:371/6531/eabd6179. [DOI: 10.1126/science.abd6179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
DNA origami is a modular platform for the combination of molecular and
colloidal components to create optical, electronic, and biological devices.
Integration of such nanoscale devices with microfabricated connectors and circuits
is challenging: Large numbers of freely diffusing devices must be fixed at desired
locations with desired alignment. We present a DNA origami molecule whose energy
landscape on lithographic binding sites has a unique maximum. This property
enabled device alignment within 3.2° on silica surfaces. Orientation was absolute
(all degrees of freedom were specified) and arbitrary (the orientation of every
molecule was independently specified). The use of orientation to optimize device
performance was shown by aligning fluorescent emission dipoles within
microfabricated optical cavities. Large-scale integration was demonstrated with an
array of 3456 DNA origami with 12 distinct orientations that indicated the
polarization of excitation light.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashwin Gopinath
- Department of Bioengineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Chris Thachuk
- Department of Computing and Mathematical Science, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
- Paul G. Allen School of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Anya Mitskovets
- Department of Applied Physics and Materials Science, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Harry A. Atwater
- Department of Applied Physics and Materials Science, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - David Kirkpatrick
- Department of Computer Science, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Paul W. K. Rothemund
- Department of Bioengineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
- Department of Computing and Mathematical Science, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
- Computation and Neural Systems, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
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46
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Pan Y, Wang L, Su X, Gao D, Cheng P. Nanolasers Incorporating Co xGa 0.6-xZnSe 0.4 Nanoparticle Arrays with Wavelength Tunability at Room Temperature. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:6975-6986. [PMID: 33502158 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c00035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Semiconductor nanolaser has important research value and wide applications in many fields. However, it is still a challenge to obtain a nanolaser with tunability and high intensity at the nanoscale. Here, we report on lasers with two modes of emission wavelengths operating in near-infrared of nanohole filled with CoxGa0.6-xZnSe0.4 nanoparticle arrays at room temperature. The nanohole arrays are drawn on the photoresist by using the method of three-beam laser interferometric etching. Graphene with graphite which is coated on nanohole arrays is conducted by pulsed laser deposition (PLD) to construct the cavity. The CoxGa0.6-xZnSe0.4 nanoparticles are filled into the nanohole acting laser gain medium via the magnetic traction nanofilling technology. The results show that the laser at 868 and 903 nm is radiated, which can be tuned by changing the concentration and position of the filled nanoparticles in terms of wavelength and intensity. The nanolasers based on this approach represent an advantageous alternative to other design and fabrication methods. This nanoparticle nanolasers can be used in a micronano light source of an intelligent photonic chip.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Pan
- College of Science, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China
| | - Li Wang
- Faculty of Science, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Xueqiong Su
- Faculty of Science, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Dongwen Gao
- Faculty of Science, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Peng Cheng
- Faculty of Science, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
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47
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Hwang MS, Choi JH, Jeong KY, Kim KH, Kim HR, So JP, Lee HC, Kim J, Kwon SH, Park HG. Recent advances in nanocavities and their applications. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:4875-4885. [PMID: 33881425 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc01084k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
High quality factor and small mode volume in nanocavities enable the demonstration of efficient nanophotonic devices with low power consumption, strong nonlinearity, and high modulation speed, due to the strong light-matter interaction. In this review, we focus on recent state-of-the-art nanocavities and their applications. We introduce single nanocavities including semiconductor nanowires, plasmonic cavities, and nanostructures based on quasi-bound states in the continuum (quasi-BIC), for laser, photovoltaic, and nonlinear applications. In addition, nanocavity arrays with unique feedback mechanisms, including BIC cavities, parity-time symmetry coupled cavities, and photonic topological cavities, are introduced for laser applications. These various cavity designs and underlying physics in single and array nanocavities are useful for the practical implementation of promising nanophotonic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Soo Hwang
- Department of Physics, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jae-Hyuck Choi
- Department of Physics, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea.
| | - Kwang-Yong Jeong
- Department of Physics, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea.
| | - Kyoung-Ho Kim
- Department of Physics, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Republic of Korea
| | - Ha-Reem Kim
- Department of Physics, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jae-Pil So
- Department of Physics, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hoo-Cheol Lee
- Department of Physics, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jungkil Kim
- Department of Physics, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - Soon-Hong Kwon
- Department of Physics, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hong-Gyu Park
- Department of Physics, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea. and KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
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48
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Kim Y, Gonzales J, Zheng Y. Sensitivity-Enhancing Strategies in Optical Biosensing. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2021; 17:e2004988. [PMID: 33369864 PMCID: PMC7884068 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202004988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Revised: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
High-sensitivity detection of minute quantities or concentration variations of analytes of clinical importance is critical for biosensing to ensure accurate disease diagnostics and reliable health monitoring. A variety of sensitivity-improving concepts have been proposed from chemical, physical, and biological perspectives. In this review, elements that are responsible for sensitivity enhancement are classified and discussed in accordance with their operating steps in a typical biosensing workflow that runs through sampling, analyte recognition, and signal transduction. With a focus on optical biosensing, exemplary sensitivity-improving strategies are introduced, which can be developed into "plug-and-play" modules for many current and future sensors, and discuss their mechanisms to enhance biosensing performance. Three major strategies are covered: i) amplification of signal transduction by polymerization and nanocatalysts, ii) diffusion-limit-breaking systems for enhancing sensor-analyte contact and subsequent analyte recognition by fluid-mixing and analyte-concentrating, and iii) combined approaches that utilize renal concentration at the sampling and recognition steps and chemical signal amplification at the signal transduction step.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youngsun Kim
- Materials Science and Engineering Program and Texas Materials Institute, Walker Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - John Gonzales
- Materials Science and Engineering Program and Texas Materials Institute, Walker Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - Yuebing Zheng
- Materials Science and Engineering Program and Texas Materials Institute, Walker Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
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49
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Zhang Y, Gu Z, Zhao J, Shao L, Kan Y. Sequence-Specific Detection of DNA Strands Using a Solid-State Nanopore Assisted by Microbeads. MICROMACHINES 2020; 11:mi11121097. [PMID: 33322605 PMCID: PMC7763196 DOI: 10.3390/mi11121097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Revised: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Simple, rapid, and low-cost detection of DNA with specific sequence is crucial for molecular diagnosis and therapy applications. In this research, the target DNA molecules are bonded to the streptavidin-coated microbeads, after hybridizing with biotinylated probes. A nanopore with a diameter significantly smaller than the microbeads is used to detect DNA molecules through the ionic pulse signals. Because the DNA molecules attached on the microbead should dissociate from the beads before completely passing through the pore, the signal duration time for the target DNA is two orders of magnitude longer than free DNA. Moreover, the high local concentration of target DNA molecules on the surface of microbeads leads to multiple DNA molecules translocating through the pore simultaneously, which generates pulse signals with amplitude much larger than single free DNA translocation events. Therefore, the DNA molecules with specific sequence can be easily identified by a nanopore sensor assisted by microbeads according to the ionic pulse signals.
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50
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Guo J, Liang Z, Huang Y, Kim K, Vandeventer P, Fan D. Acceleration of Biomolecule Enrichment and Detection with Rotationally Motorized Opto-Plasmonic Microsensors and the Working Mechanism. ACS NANO 2020; 14:15204-15215. [PMID: 33095572 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c05429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Vigorous research efforts have advanced the state-of-the-art nanosensors with ultrahigh sensitivity for bioanalysis. However, a dilemmatic challenge remains: it is extremely difficult to obtain nanosensors that are both sensitive and high-speed for the detection of low-concentration molecules in aqueous samples. Herein, we report how the controlled mechanical rotation (or rotary motorization) of designed opto-plasmonic microsensors can substantially and robustly accelerate the enrichment and detection speed of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) with retained high sensitivity. At least 4-fold augmentation of the capture speed of DNA molecules is obtained from a microsensor rotating at 1200 rpm. Theoretical analysis and modeling shed light on the underlying working mechanism, governed by the molecule-motor-flow interaction as well as its application range and limitation. This work provides a device scheme that alleviates the dilemmatic challenge in biomolecule sensing and offers the understanding of the complex interactions of molecules and moving microobjects in suspension. The results may assist the rational design of efficient microrobotic systems for the capture, translocation, sensing, and release of biocargoes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianhe Guo
- Texas Materials Institute and Materials Science and Engineering Program, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Zexi Liang
- Texas Materials Institute and Materials Science and Engineering Program, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Yun Huang
- Texas Materials Institute and Materials Science and Engineering Program, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Kwanoh Kim
- Walker Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Peter Vandeventer
- Defense Threat Reduction Agency, Fort Belvoir, Virginia 22060, United States
| | - Donglei Fan
- Texas Materials Institute and Materials Science and Engineering Program, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
- Walker Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
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