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Gong FQ, Liu YP, Wang Y, E W, Tian ZQ, Cheng J. Machine Learning Molecular Dynamics Shows Anomalous Entropic Effect on Catalysis through Surface Pre-melting of Nanoclusters. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202405379. [PMID: 38639181 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202405379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2024] [Revised: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
Due to the superior catalytic activity and efficient utilization of noble metals, nanocatalysts are extensively used in the modern industrial production of chemicals. The surface structures of these materials are significantly influenced by reactive adsorbates, leading to dynamic behavior under experimental conditions. The dynamic nature poses significant challenges in studying the structure-activity relations of catalysts. Herein, we unveil an anomalous entropic effect on catalysis via surface pre-melting of nanoclusters through machine learning accelerated molecular dynamics and free energy calculation. We find that due to the pre-melting of shell atoms, there exists a non-linear variation in the catalytic activity of the nanoclusters with temperature. Consequently, two notable changes in catalyst activity occur at the respective temperatures of melting for the shell and core atoms. We further study the nanoclusters with surface point defects, i.e. vacancy and ad-atom, and observe significant decrease in the surface melting temperatures of the nanoclusters, enabling the reaction to take place under more favorable and milder conditions. These findings not only provide novel insights into dynamic catalysis of nanoclusters but also offer new understanding of the role of point defects in catalytic processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fu-Qiang Gong
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surface, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Yun-Pei Liu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surface, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Ye Wang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surface, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Weinan E
- School of Mathematical Sciences, Peking University, Center for Machine Learning Research, Beijing, 100084, China
- AI for Science Institute, Beijing, 100080, China
| | - Zhong-Qun Tian
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surface, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), Xiamen, 361005, China
- Laboratory of AI for Electrochemistry (AI4EC), Tan Kah Kee Innovation Laboratory (IKKEM), Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Jun Cheng
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surface, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), Xiamen, 361005, China
- Laboratory of AI for Electrochemistry (AI4EC), Tan Kah Kee Innovation Laboratory (IKKEM), Xiamen, 361005, China
- Institute of Artificial Intelligence, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
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2
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Li S, Miyazaki T, Nakata A. Theoretical search for characteristic atoms in supported gold nanoparticles: a large-scale DFT study. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2024. [PMID: 38922670 DOI: 10.1039/d4cp01094a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/27/2024]
Abstract
The size and site dependences of atomic and electronic structures in isolated and supported gold nanoparticles have been investigated using large-scale density functional theory (DFT) calculations using multi-site support functions. The effects of the substrate on nanoparticles with diameters of 2 nm and several different shapes have been examined. First, isolated gold nanoparticles with diameters of 0.6 nm (13 atoms) to 4.5 nm (2057 atoms), which have comparable sizes to nanoparticles used in experiments, were considered. To analyse huge amounts of data obtained from large-scale DFT calculations, we performed principal component analysis (PCA), which helps systematically and efficiently clarify the electronic structures of large nanoparticles. The PCA results reveal the site dependence of the electronic structures. Notably, the atoms in the surface and subsurface have different electronic structures to those located in the inner layers, especially at the vertexes of the particles. The convergence of local electronic structures with respect to the particle size has also been demonstrated. For supported nanoparticles, PCA helps indicate which atoms are affected, and how much, by the substrate. The correlation between the PCA results and site dependence of reaction activity is also discussed herein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengzhou Li
- Department of Computer Science, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan
- Research Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (MANA), National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan.
| | - Tsuyoshi Miyazaki
- Research Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (MANA), National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan.
| | - Ayako Nakata
- Department of Computer Science, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan
- Research Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (MANA), National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan.
- Precursory Research for Embryonic Science and Technology (PRESTO), Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan
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3
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Hao Z, Liu G, Wang P, Zhang W, Sun W, Zheng L, Guo S, Zhan S. In situ visualizing reveals potential drive of lattice expansion on defective support toward efficient removal of nitrogen oxides. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2311180121. [PMID: 38830101 PMCID: PMC11181023 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2311180121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024] Open
Abstract
As a sustainable and promising approach of removing of nitrogen oxides (NOx), catalytic reduction of NOx with H2 is highly desirable with a precise understanding to the structure-activity relationship of supported catalysts. In particular, the dynamic evolution of support at microscopic scale may play a critical role in heterogeneous catalysis, however, identifying the in situ structural change of support under working condition with atomic precision and revealing its role in catalysis is still a grand challenge. Herein, we visually capture the surface lattice expansion of WO3-x support in Pt-WO3-x catalyst induced by NO in the exemplified reduction of NO with H2 using in situ transmission electron microscopy and first reveal its important role in enhancing catalysis. We find that NO can adsorb on the oxygen vacancy sites of WO3-x and favorably induce the reversible stretching of W-O-W bonds during the reaction, which can reduce the adsorption energy of NO on Pt4 centers and the energy barrier of the rate-determining step. The comprehensive studies reveal that lattice expansion of WO3-x support can tune the catalytic performance of Pt-WO3-x catalyst, leading to 20% catalytic activity enhancement for the exemplified reduction of NO with H2. This work reveals that the lattice expansion of defective support can tune and optimize the catalytic performance at the atomic scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhifei Hao
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin300350, People’s Republic of China
| | - Guoquan Liu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin300350, People’s Republic of China
| | - Pengfei Wang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin300350, People’s Republic of China
| | - Weiyu Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing100871, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wenming Sun
- Department of Chemistry, Beijing Key Laboratory for Optical Materials and Photonic Devices, Capital Normal University, Beijing100048, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lirong Zheng
- Beijing Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing100049, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shaojun Guo
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing100871, People’s Republic of China
| | - Sihui Zhan
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin300350, People’s Republic of China
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4
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Jiang J, Chu S, Zhang Y, Sun G, Jin J, Zeng X, Chen M, Liu P. Crystal plane orientation-dependent surface atom diffusion in sub-10-nm Au nanocrystals. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2024; 10:eadn5946. [PMID: 38787952 PMCID: PMC11122680 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adn5946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
Surface atom diffusion is a ubiquitous phenomenon in nanostructured metals with ultrahigh surface-to-volume ratios. However, the fundamental atomic mechanism of surface atom diffusion remains elusive. Here, we report in situ atomic-scale observations of surface pressure-driven atom diffusion in gold nanocrystals at room temperature using high-resolution transmission electron microscopy with a high-speed detection camera. The topmost layer of atoms on (001) plane initially diffuse in a column-by-column manner. As diffusion proceeds, the remaining atomic columns collectively inject into adjacent underlayer, accompanied by nucleation of a surface dislocation. In comparison, atoms on (111) plane directly diffuse to the base without collective injection. Quantitative calculations indicate that these crystal plane orientation-dependent atom diffusion behaviors contribute to the larger diffusion coefficient of (111) plane compared to (001) plane in addition to the effect of diffusion activation energy. Our findings provide valuable insights into atomic mechanisms of diffusion-dominant morphology evolution of nanostructured metals and guide the design of nanostructured materials with enhanced structural stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junnan Jiang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Advanced High-temperature Materials and Precision Forming, State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Shufen Chu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Advanced High-temperature Materials and Precision Forming, State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
- National Engineering Research Center of Light Alloy Net Forming and State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composite, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Yin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Turbulence and Complex System, Department of Mechanics and Engineering Science, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Guangbin Sun
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University-JA Solar New Energy Materials Joint Research Center, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Junhui Jin
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University-JA Solar New Energy Materials Joint Research Center, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Xiaoqin Zeng
- National Engineering Research Center of Light Alloy Net Forming and State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composite, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Mingwei Chen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Pan Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Advanced High-temperature Materials and Precision Forming, State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University-JA Solar New Energy Materials Joint Research Center, Shanghai 200240, China
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5
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Liu F, Liu X. Amphiphilic Dendronized Copolymer-Encapsulated Au, Ag and Pd Nanoparticles for Catalysis in the 4-Nitrophenol Reduction and Suzuki-Miyaura Reactions. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:1080. [PMID: 38674999 PMCID: PMC11054709 DOI: 10.3390/polym16081080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2024] [Revised: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The branched structures of dendronized polymers can provide good steric stabilization for metal nanoparticle catalysts. In this work, an amphiphilic dendronized copolymer containing hydrophilic branched triethylene glycol moieties and hydrophobic branched ferrocenyl moieties is designed and prepared by one-pot ring-opening metathesis polymerization, and is used as the stabilizer for metal (Au, Ag and Pd) nanoparticles. These metal nanoparticles (Au nanoparticles: 3.5 ± 3.0 nm; Ag nanoparticles: 7.2 ± 4.0 nm; Pd nanoparticles: 2.5 ± 1.0 nm) are found to be highly active in both the 4-nitrophenol reduction and Suzuki-Miyaura reactions. In the 4-nitrophenol reduction, Pd nanoparticles have the highest catalytic ability (TOF: 2060 h-1). In addition, Pd nanoparticles are also an efficient catalyst for Suzuki-Miyaura reactions (TOF: 1980 h-1) and possess good applicability for diverse substrates. The amphiphilic dendronized copolymer will open a new door for the development of efficient metal nanoparticle catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Xiong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Utilization of Carbon Based Energy Resources, College of Chemistry, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830017, China;
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6
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Negri C, Colombo R, Bracconi M, Atzori C, Donazzi A, Lucotti A, Tommasini M, Maestri M. Operando UV-vis spectroscopy for real-time monitoring of nanoparticle size in reaction conditions: a case study on rWGS over Au nanoparticles. Catal Sci Technol 2024; 14:1318-1327. [PMID: 38449727 PMCID: PMC10913852 DOI: 10.1039/d3cy01392h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
We propose the use of surface plasmon resonance (SPR) as a distinctive marker for real-time monitoring in reaction conditions of gold nanoparticles supported on α-Al2O3. The study leverages the SPR shape-and-size dependency to monitor metal nanoparticles in reaction conditions, evidencing an influence of both dimensions and agglomerations on the SPR peak position. Operando measurements, coupling UV-vis spectroscopy and catalytic testing, allows to follow the dynamics during nanoparticle formation (Au3+ to Au0 reduction) and during the reverse water gas shift reaction (CO2 + H2 → CO + H2O). The catalyst structure and stability in reaction conditions was further confirmed by operando X-ray spectroscopy and PXRD data. Overall, this approach enables the direct acquisition of information on the structure-activity relationship of metal-based supported catalysts under actual reaction conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Negri
- Laboratory of Catalysis and Catalytic Processes, Dipartimento di Energia Politecnico di Milano, Via la Masa 34 20156 Milano Italy
| | - Riccardo Colombo
- Laboratory of Catalysis and Catalytic Processes, Dipartimento di Energia Politecnico di Milano, Via la Masa 34 20156 Milano Italy
| | - Mauro Bracconi
- Laboratory of Catalysis and Catalytic Processes, Dipartimento di Energia Politecnico di Milano, Via la Masa 34 20156 Milano Italy
| | - Cesare Atzori
- European Synchrotron Radiation Facility 71 Avenue des Martyrs CS 40220 Grenoble France
| | - Alessandro Donazzi
- Laboratory of Catalysis and Catalytic Processes, Dipartimento di Energia Politecnico di Milano, Via la Masa 34 20156 Milano Italy
| | - Andrea Lucotti
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering, Politecnico di Milano Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32 20133 Milano Italy
| | - Matteo Tommasini
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering, Politecnico di Milano Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32 20133 Milano Italy
| | - Matteo Maestri
- Laboratory of Catalysis and Catalytic Processes, Dipartimento di Energia Politecnico di Milano, Via la Masa 34 20156 Milano Italy
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7
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Kobayashi K, Kizu R. Experimental evaluation of usable specimen thickness of Si for lattice imaging by transmission electron microscopy at 300 kV. Ultramicroscopy 2023; 256:113876. [PMID: 37890437 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultramic.2023.113876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Revised: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023]
Abstract
We evaluated the usable specimen thickness of Si for lattice imaging on a transmission electron microscopy (TEM) instrument operating at 300 kV and equipped with a complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor camera by using an original reference material (RM) and comparing the lattice images obtained from Si patterns of the RM with various thicknesses. Lattice images of the {111} planes of crystalline Si are successfully observed for patterns with thicknesses of up to 508 nm. However, the contrast of these lattice fringes at a thickness of 508 nm is not distinct, even when recorded using a longer exposure time (5.0 s) than that required to obtain lattice images of patterns with thicknesses of 316 nm or less (0.5 s). Based on these results, we conclude that the practical thickness of crystalline Si specimens for accurate structural analysis and TEM magnification calibration via lattice imaging is less than approximately 500 nm under the experimental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keita Kobayashi
- National Metrology Institute of Japan (NMIJ), National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 1-1-1, Higashi, Tsukuba 305-8565, Japan.
| | - Ryosuke Kizu
- National Metrology Institute of Japan (NMIJ), National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 1-1-1, Higashi, Tsukuba 305-8565, Japan
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8
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Lindner J, Ross U, Meyer T, Boureau V, Seibt M, Jooss C. Reconstruction of Angstrom resolution exit-waves by the application of drift-corrected phase-shifting off-axis electron holography. Ultramicroscopy 2023; 256:113880. [PMID: 37952372 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultramic.2023.113880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Revised: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/21/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
Phase-shifting electron holography is an excellent method to reveal electron wave phase information with very high phase sensitivity over a large range of spatial frequencies. It circumvents the limiting trade-off between fringe spacing and visibility of standard off-axis holography. Previous implementations have been limited by the independent drift of biprism and sample. We demonstrate here an advanced drift correction scheme for the hologram series that exploits the presence of an interface of the TEM specimen to the vacuum area in the hologram. It allows to obtain reliable phase information up to 2π/452 at the 1 Å information limit of the Titan 80-300 kV environmental transmission electron microscope used, by applying a moderate voltage of 250 V to a single biprism for a fringe spacing of 1 Å. The obtained phase and amplitude information is validated at a thin Pt sample by use of multislice image simulation with the frozen lattice approximation and shows excellent agreement. The presented method is applicable in any TEM equipped with at least one electron biprism and thus enables achieving high resolution off-axis holography in various instruments including those for in-situ applications. A software implementation for the acquisition, calibration and reconstruction is provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Lindner
- Institute of Materials Physics, University of Goettingen, Friedrich-Hund-Platz 1, 37077, Goettingen, Germany
| | - U Ross
- 4th Institute of Physics - Solids and Nanostructures, University of Goettingen, Friedrich-Hund-Platz 1, 37077, Goettingen, Germany
| | - T Meyer
- Institute of Materials Physics, University of Goettingen, Friedrich-Hund-Platz 1, 37077, Goettingen, Germany
| | - V Boureau
- Interdisciplinary Center for Electron Microscopy, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - M Seibt
- 4th Institute of Physics - Solids and Nanostructures, University of Goettingen, Friedrich-Hund-Platz 1, 37077, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Ch Jooss
- Institute of Materials Physics, University of Goettingen, Friedrich-Hund-Platz 1, 37077, Goettingen, Germany; International Center for Advanced Studies of Energy Conversion (ICASEC), University of Goettingen, D-37077, Goettingen, Germany.
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9
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Ziashahabi A, Elsukova A, Nilsson S, Beleggia M, Stanley Jørgensen P, Langhammer C, Kadkhodazadeh S. Electron Beam Induced Enhancement and Suppression of Oxidation in Cu Nanoparticles in Environmental Scanning Transmission Electron Microscopy. ACS NANOSCIENCE AU 2023; 3:389-397. [PMID: 37868225 PMCID: PMC10588434 DOI: 10.1021/acsnanoscienceau.3c00018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
We have investigated the effects of high-energy electron irradiation on the oxidation of copper nanoparticles in environmental scanning transmission electron microscopy (ESTEM). The hemispherically shaped particles were oxidized in 3 mbar of O2 in a temperature range 100-200 °C. The evolution of the particles was recorded with sub-nanometer spatial resolution in situ in ESTEM. The oxidation encompasses the formation of outer and inner oxide shells on the nanoparticles, arising from the concurrent diffusion of copper and oxygen out of and into the nanoparticles, respectively. Our results reveal that the electron beam actively influences the reaction and overall accelerates the oxidation of the nanoparticles when compared to particles oxidized without exposure to the electron beam. However, the extent of this electron beam-assisted acceleration of oxidation diminishes at higher temperatures. Moreover, we observe that while oxidation through the outward diffusion of Cu+ cations is enhanced, the electron beam appears to hinder oxidation through the inward diffusion of O2- anions. Our results suggest that the impact of the high-energy electrons in ESTEM oxidation of Cu nanoparticles is mostly related to kinetic energy transfer, charging, and ionization of the gas environment, and the beam can both enhance and suppress reaction rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azin Ziashahabi
- DTU
Nanolab, Technical University of Denmark, Fysikvej, 2800 Kgs Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Anna Elsukova
- Thin
Film Physics Division, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology
(IFM), Linköping University, Linköping SE-58183, Sweden
| | - Sara Nilsson
- Department
of Physics, Chalmers University of Technology, 412 96 Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Marco Beleggia
- DTU
Nanolab, Technical University of Denmark, Fysikvej, 2800 Kgs Lyngby, Denmark
- Department
of Physics, Informatics and Mathematics, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41121 Modena, Italy
| | - Peter Stanley Jørgensen
- Department
of Energy Conversion and Storage, Technical
University of Denmark, Fysikvej, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Christoph Langhammer
- Department
of Physics, Chalmers University of Technology, 412 96 Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Shima Kadkhodazadeh
- DTU
Nanolab, Technical University of Denmark, Fysikvej, 2800 Kgs Lyngby, Denmark
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10
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Qu J, Sui M, Li R. Recent advances in in-situ transmission electron microscopy techniques for heterogeneous catalysis. iScience 2023; 26:107072. [PMID: 37534164 PMCID: PMC10391733 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.107072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The process of heterogeneous catalytic reaction under working conditions has long been considered a "black box", which is mainly because of the difficulties in directly characterizing the structural changes of catalysts at the atomic level during catalytic reactions. The development of in situ transmission electron microscopy (TEM) techniques offers opportunities for introducing a realistic chemical reaction environment in TEM, making it possible to uncover the mystery of catalytic reactions. In this article, we present a comprehensive overview of the application of in situ TEM techniques in heterogeneous catalysis, highlighting its utility for observing gas-solid and liquid-solid reactions during thermal catalysis, electrocatalysis, and photocatalysis. in situ TEM has a unique advantage in revealing the complex structural changes of catalysts during chemical reactions. Revealing the real-time dynamic structure during reaction processes is crucial for understanding the intricate relationship between catalyst structure and its catalytic performance. Finally, we present a perspective on the future challenges and opportunities of in situ TEM in heterogeneous catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiangshan Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, The Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM-2011), Dalian 116023, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Manling Sui
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Microstructure and Properties of Solids, Faculty of Materials and Manufacturing, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Rengui Li
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, The Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM-2011), Dalian 116023, China
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11
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Alcorn FM, van der Veen RM, Jain PK. In Situ Electron Microscopy of Transformations of Copper Nanoparticles under Plasmonic Excitation. NANO LETTERS 2023. [PMID: 37399502 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c01474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/05/2023]
Abstract
Metal nanoparticles are attracting interest for their light-absorption properties, but such materials are known to dynamically evolve under the action of chemical and physical perturbations, resulting in changes in their structure and composition. Using a transmission electron microscope equipped for optical excitation of the specimen, the structural evolution of Cu-based nanoparticles under simultaneous electron beam irradiation and plasmonic excitation was investigated with high spatiotemporal resolution. These nanoparticles initially have a Cu core-Cu2O oxide shell structure, but over the course of imaging, they undergo hollowing via the nanoscale Kirkendall effect. We captured the nucleation of a void within the core, which then rapidly grows along specific crystallographic directions until the core is hollowed out. Hollowing is triggered by electron-beam irradiation; plasmonic excitation enhances the kinetics of the transformation likely by the effect of photothermal heating.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francis M Alcorn
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana─Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
- Materials Research Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana─Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Renske M van der Veen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana─Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
- Materials Research Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana─Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
- Helmholtz Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH, 14109 Berlin, Germany
| | - Prashant K Jain
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana─Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
- Materials Research Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana─Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana─Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
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12
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Chao HY, Venkatraman K, Moniri S, Jiang Y, Tang X, Dai S, Gao W, Miao J, Chi M. In Situ and Emerging Transmission Electron Microscopy for Catalysis Research. Chem Rev 2023. [PMID: 37327473 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.2c00880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Catalysts are the primary facilitator in many dynamic processes. Therefore, a thorough understanding of these processes has vast implications for a myriad of energy systems. The scanning/transmission electron microscope (S/TEM) is a powerful tool not only for atomic-scale characterization but also in situ catalytic experimentation. Techniques such as liquid and gas phase electron microscopy allow the observation of catalysts in an environment conducive to catalytic reactions. Correlated algorithms can greatly improve microscopy data processing and expand multidimensional data handling. Furthermore, new techniques including 4D-STEM, atomic electron tomography, cryogenic electron microscopy, and monochromated electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS) push the boundaries of our comprehension of catalyst behavior. In this review, we discuss the existing and emergent techniques for observing catalysts using S/TEM. Challenges and opportunities highlighted aim to inspire and accelerate the use of electron microscopy to further investigate the complex interplay of catalytic systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsin-Yun Chao
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, One Bethel Valley Road, Building 4515, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831-6064, United States
| | - Kartik Venkatraman
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, One Bethel Valley Road, Building 4515, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831-6064, United States
| | - Saman Moniri
- Department of Physics and Astronomy and California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Yongjun Jiang
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Xuan Tang
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Sheng Dai
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science & Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Wenpei Gao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| | - Jianwei Miao
- Department of Physics and Astronomy and California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Miaofang Chi
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, One Bethel Valley Road, Building 4515, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831-6064, United States
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13
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Moreira Da Silva C, Girard A, Le Bouar Y, Fossard F, Dragoe D, Ducastelle F, Loiseau A, Huc V. Structural Size Effect in Capped Metallic Nanoparticles. ACS NANO 2023; 17:5663-5672. [PMID: 36917747 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c11825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The surfactant used during a colloidal synthesis is known to control the size and shape of metallic nanoparticles. However, its influence on the nanoparticle (NP) structure is still not well understood. In this study, we show that the surfactant can significantly modify the lattice parameter of a crystalline particle. First, our electron diffraction measurements reveals that NiPt nanoparticles around 4 nm in diameter covered by a mixture of oleylamine and oleic acid (50:50) display a lattice parameter expansion around 2% when compared to the same particles without surfactant. Using high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) techniques, we show that this expansion can not be explained by crystal defects, twinning, oxidation, or atoms insertion. Then, using covered NPs in the 4-22 nm size range, we show that the lattice parameter evolves linearly with the inverse of the NP size, as it is expected when a surface stress is present. Finally, the study is extended to pure nickel and pure platinum NPs, with different sizes, coated by different surfactants (oleylamine, trioctylphosphine, polyvinylpyrrolidone). The surfactants induce lattice parameter variations, whose magnitude could be related to the charge transfer between the surfactant and the particle surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cora Moreira Da Silva
- Université Paris-Saclay, ONERA, CNRS, Laboratoire d'Étude des Microstructures, Châtillon 92322, France
| | - Armelle Girard
- Université Paris-Saclay, ONERA, CNRS, Laboratoire d'Étude des Microstructures, Châtillon 92322, France
- Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, 78000 Versailles, France
| | - Yann Le Bouar
- Université Paris-Saclay, ONERA, CNRS, Laboratoire d'Étude des Microstructures, Châtillon 92322, France
| | - Frédéric Fossard
- Université Paris-Saclay, ONERA, CNRS, Laboratoire d'Étude des Microstructures, Châtillon 92322, France
| | - Diana Dragoe
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut de Chimie Moléculaire et des Matériaux d'Orsay, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - François Ducastelle
- Université Paris-Saclay, ONERA, CNRS, Laboratoire d'Étude des Microstructures, Châtillon 92322, France
| | - Annick Loiseau
- Université Paris-Saclay, ONERA, CNRS, Laboratoire d'Étude des Microstructures, Châtillon 92322, France
| | - Vincent Huc
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut de Chimie Moléculaire et des Matériaux d'Orsay, 91405 Orsay, France
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14
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Time-resolved transmission electron microscopy for nanoscale chemical dynamics. Nat Rev Chem 2023; 7:256-272. [PMID: 37117417 DOI: 10.1038/s41570-023-00469-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
The ability of transmission electron microscopy (TEM) to image a structure ranging from millimetres to Ångströms has made it an indispensable component of the toolkit of modern chemists. TEM has enabled unprecedented understanding of the atomic structures of materials and how structure relates to properties and functions. Recent developments in TEM have advanced the technique beyond static material characterization to probing structural evolution on the nanoscale in real time. Accompanying advances in data collection have pushed the temporal resolution into the microsecond regime with the use of direct-electron detectors and down to the femtosecond regime with pump-probe microscopy. Consequently, studies have deftly applied TEM for understanding nanoscale dynamics, often in operando. In this Review, time-resolved in situ TEM techniques and their applications for probing chemical and physical processes are discussed, along with emerging directions in the TEM field.
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15
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Lindner J, Ross U, Roddatis V, Jooss C. Langmuir analysis of electron beam induced plasma in environmental TEM. Ultramicroscopy 2023; 243:113629. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ultramic.2022.113629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Revised: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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16
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Pu Y, He B, Niu Y, Liu X, Zhang B. Chemical Electron Microscopy (CEM) for Heterogeneous Catalysis at Nano: Recent Progress and Challenges. RESEARCH (WASHINGTON, D.C.) 2023; 6:0043. [PMID: 36930759 PMCID: PMC10013794 DOI: 10.34133/research.0043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Chemical electron microscopy (CEM), a toolbox that comprises imaging and spectroscopy techniques, provides dynamic morphological, structural, chemical, and electronic information about an object in chemical environment under conditions of observable performance. CEM has experienced a revolutionary improvement in the past years and is becoming an effective characterization method for revealing the mechanism of chemical reactions, such as catalysis. Here, we mainly address the concept of CEM for heterogeneous catalysis in the gas phase and what CEM could uniquely contribute to catalysis, and illustrate what we can know better with CEM and the challenges and future development of CEM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinghui Pu
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 72 Wenhua Road, Shenyang 110016, China.,School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, 72 Wenhua Road, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Bowen He
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, In-situ Center for Physical Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Yiming Niu
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 72 Wenhua Road, Shenyang 110016, China.,School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, 72 Wenhua Road, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Xi Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, In-situ Center for Physical Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Bingsen Zhang
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 72 Wenhua Road, Shenyang 110016, China.,School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, 72 Wenhua Road, Shenyang 110016, China
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17
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Niu Y, Wang Y, Chen J, Li S, Huang X, Willinger MG, Zhang W, Liu Y, Zhang B. Patterning the consecutive Pd 3 to Pd 1 on Pd 2Ga surface via temperature-promoted reactive metal-support interaction. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabq5751. [PMID: 36490336 PMCID: PMC9733920 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abq5751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Atom-by-atom control of a catalyst surface is a central yet challenging topic in heterogeneous catalysis, which enables precisely confined adsorption and oriented approach of reactant molecules. Here, exposed surfaces with either consecutive Pd trimers (Pd3) or isolated Pd atoms (Pd1) are architected for Pd2Ga intermetallic nanoparticles (NPs) using reactive metal-support interaction (RMSI). At elevated temperatures under hydrogen, in situ atomic-scale transmission electron microscopy directly visualizes the refacetting of Pd2Ga NPs from energetically favorable (013)/(020) facets to (011)/(002). Infrared spectroscopy and acetylene hydrogenation reaction complementarily confirm the evolution from consecutive Pd3 to Pd1 sites of Pd2Ga catalysts with the concurrent fingerprinting CO adsorption and featured reactivities. Through theoretical calculations and modeling, we reveal that the restructured Pd2Ga surface results from the preferential arrangement of additionally reduced Ga atoms on the surface. Our work provides previously unidentified mechanistic insight into temperature-promoted RMSI and possible solutions to control and rearrange the surface atoms of supported intermetallic catalyst.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiming Niu
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Yongzhao Wang
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Junnan Chen
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Shiyan Li
- Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Xing Huang
- Scientific Center for Optical and Electron Microscopy, ETH Zurich, Otto-Stern-Weg 3, Zurich 8093, Switzerland
- College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 36108, China
| | - Marc-Georg Willinger
- Scientific Center for Optical and Electron Microscopy, ETH Zurich, Otto-Stern-Weg 3, Zurich 8093, Switzerland
- School of Natural Science (NAT), Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, Lichtenbergstraße 4, Garching 85747, Germany
| | - Wei Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Automobile Materials MOE, and Electron Microscopy Center, Jilin Provincial International Cooperation Key Laboratory of High-Efficiency Clean Energy Materials, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Yuefeng Liu
- Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Bingsen Zhang
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Shenyang 110016, China
- Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
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18
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Duan X, Li XY, Zhu B, Gao Y. Identifying the morphology of Pt nanoparticles for the optimal catalytic activity towards CO oxidation. NANOSCALE 2022; 14:17754-17760. [PMID: 36422007 DOI: 10.1039/d2nr04929e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The morphology of nanoparticles (NPs) is crucial for determining their catalytic performance. The dramatic changes in the morphology of metal NPs during reactions observed in many in situ experiments pose great challenges for the identification of the geometry for optimal catalytic activities, which arouses the controversial understanding of the reaction mechanism. In this work, taking CO oxidation as a model reaction, we coupled a multiscale structure reconstruction model with kinetic Monte Carlo simulations to study the catalytic performance of the Pt NPs with changing morphology and reaction conditions. Through the quantitative analysis of contour plots for turnover frequencies, we show that the NPs with more well-coordinated sites exhibit optimal activity under CO-rich conditions at higher temperatures, while the reactivity of NPs with more low-coordination sites is optimal under O2-rich conditions at lower temperatures. Further analysis indicates that the competitive adsorption of CO and O2 plays the key role, in which the structure with optimal activity has a closer CO and O coverage. This work not only reconciles the controversy of the active geometry in the experiments, but offers an efficient method to guide the rational design of high-performance catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyi Duan
- Key Laboratory of Interfacial Physics and Technology, Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xiao-Yan Li
- Key Laboratory of Interfacial Physics and Technology, Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China.
| | - Beien Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Interfacial Physics and Technology, Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China.
- Interdisciplinary Research Center, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201210, China
- Key Laboratory of Low-Carbon Conversion Science & Engineering, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences
| | - Yi Gao
- Key Laboratory of Interfacial Physics and Technology, Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China.
- Interdisciplinary Research Center, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201210, China
- Key Laboratory of Low-Carbon Conversion Science & Engineering, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences
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19
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Periodic structural changes in Pd nanoparticles during oscillatory CO oxidation reaction. Nat Commun 2022; 13:6176. [PMID: 36261440 PMCID: PMC9582216 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-33304-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanoparticle (NP) catalysts are ubiquitous in energy systems, chemical production, and reducing the environmental impact of many industrial processes. Under reactive environments, the availability of catalytically active sites on the NP surface is determined by its dynamic structure. However, atomic-scale insights into how a NP surface reconstructs under reaction conditions and the impact of the reconstruction on catalytic activity are still lacking. Using operando transmission electron microscopy, we show that Pd NPs exhibit periodic round-to-flat transitions altering their facets during CO oxidation reaction at atmospheric pressure and elevated temperatures. This restructuring causes spontaneous oscillations in the conversion of CO to CO2 under constant reaction conditions. Our study reveals that the oscillatory behavior stems from the CO-adsorption-mediated periodic restructuring of the nanocatalysts between high-index-faceted round and low-index-faceted flat shapes. These atomic-scale insights into the dynamic surface properties of NPs under reactive conditions play an important role in the design of high-performance catalysts.
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20
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Unifying views on catalyst deactivation. Nat Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1038/s41929-022-00842-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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21
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Zhao H, Zhu Y, Ye H, He Y, Li H, Sun Y, Yang F, Wang R. Atomic-Scale Structure Dynamics of Nanocrystals Revealed By In Situ and Environmental Transmission Electron Microscopy. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022:e2206911. [PMID: 36153832 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202206911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Nanocrystals are of great importance in material sciences and industry. Engineering nanocrystals with desired structures and properties is no doubt one of the most important challenges in the field, which requires deep insight into atomic-scale dynamics of nanocrystals during the process. The rapid developments of in situ transmission electron microscopy (TEM), especially environmental TEM, reveal insights into nanocrystals to digest. According to the considerable progress based on in situ electron microscopy, a comprehensive review on nanocrystal dynamics from three aspects: nucleation and growth, structure evolution, and dynamics in reaction conditions are given. In the nucleation and growth part, existing nucleation theories and growth pathways are organized based on liquid and gas-solid phases. In the structure evolution part, the focus is on in-depth mechanistic understanding of the evolution, including defects, phase, and disorder/order transitions. In the part of dynamics in reaction conditions, solid-solid and gas-solid interfaces of nanocrystals in atmosphere are discussed and the structure-property relationship is correlated. Even though impressive progress is made, additional efforts are required to develop the integrated and operando TEM methodologies for unveiling nanocrystal dynamics with high spatial, energy, and temporal resolutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haofei Zhao
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Magneto-Photoelectrical Composite and Interface Science, School of Mathematics and Physics, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Yuchen Zhu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Magneto-Photoelectrical Composite and Interface Science, School of Mathematics and Physics, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Huanyu Ye
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Magneto-Photoelectrical Composite and Interface Science, School of Mathematics and Physics, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Yang He
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Hao Li
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Magneto-Photoelectrical Composite and Interface Science, School of Mathematics and Physics, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Yifei Sun
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Magneto-Photoelectrical Composite and Interface Science, School of Mathematics and Physics, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Feng Yang
- Department of Chemistry, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Rongming Wang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Magneto-Photoelectrical Composite and Interface Science, School of Mathematics and Physics, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
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22
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Han Y, Li XY, Zhu B, Gao Y. Unveiling the Au Surface Reconstruction in a CO Environment by Surface Dynamics and Ab Initio Thermodynamics. J Phys Chem A 2022; 126:6538-6547. [PMID: 36099447 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.2c03124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Surface reconstruction changes the atomic configuration of the metal surface and thus alters its intrinsic physical and chemical properties. Recent in situ experiments have shown a variety of surface reconstructions under reaction conditions, but how to effectively predict and characterize these structures remains challenging. Herein, we combine a DFT-based kinetic Monte Carlo simulation method and ab initio thermodynamics to explore the low-energy configurations of metal surface reconstructions, which takes the surface dynamics under the reactive environment into account. We systematically simulate 13 Au surfaces ((100), (110), (111), (210), (211), (221), (310), (311), (320), (321), (322), (331), and (332)) in the CO environment and identify 19 candidate reconstruction patterns driven by CO adsorption. The breakup of the original surfaces is attributed to the lateral interactions among the nearest-neighboring adsorbates. This work provides an efficient approach to unveil the reconstructed metal surface structures in reactive environments for guiding the experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Han
- Key Laboratory of Interfacial Physics and Technology, Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xiao-Yan Li
- Key Laboratory of Interfacial Physics and Technology, Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China
| | - Beien Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Interfacial Physics and Technology, Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China.,Interdisciplinary Research Center, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Yi Gao
- Key Laboratory of Interfacial Physics and Technology, Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China.,Interdisciplinary Research Center, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201210, China
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23
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Gao Z, Cai L, Miao C, Hui T, Wang Q, Li D, Feng J. Electronic Metal−Support Interaction Strengthened Pt/CoAl‐LDHs Catalyst for Selective Cinnamaldehyde Hydrogenation. ChemCatChem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.202200634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhexi Gao
- Beijing University of Chemical Technology State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering CHINA
| | - Luoyu Cai
- Beijing University of Chemical Technology State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering CHINA
| | - Chenglin Miao
- Beijing University of Chemical Technology State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering CHINA
| | - Tianli Hui
- Beijing University of Chemical Technology State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering CHINA
| | - Qian Wang
- Beijing University of Chemical Technology State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering CHINA
| | - Dianqing Li
- Beijing University of Chemical Technology State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering CHINA
| | - Junting Feng
- Beijing University of Chemical Technology State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering 98#, No.15, Beisanhuan East Road 100029 Beijing CHINA
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24
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Ou Y, Li S, Wang F, Duan X, Yuan W, Yang H, Zhang Z, Wang Y. Reversible transformation between terrace and step sites of Pt nanoparticles on titanium under CO and O2 environments. CHINESE JOURNAL OF CATALYSIS 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/s1872-2067(21)63958-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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25
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Zhuang Z, Zhang C, Yu Z, Liu W, Zhong Y, Zhang J, Xu Z. Turn-on colorimetric detection of hydroquinone based on Au/CuO nanocomposite nanozyme. Mikrochim Acta 2022; 189:293. [PMID: 35881205 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-022-05384-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
CuO nanorods bearing Au nanoparticles (Au/CuO nanocomposites) were prepared by a solution-phase synthesis and exhibited efficient hydroquinone (HQ)-oxidase activity with good specificity. The Au/CuO nanocomposites effectively catalyzed the oxidation of colorless HQ to brown benzoquinone with an absorbance maximum at 376 nm but did not catalyze the conversions of catechol or resorcinol. Kinetic studies indicated that the Au/CuO nanocomposites exhibited a strong affinity for HQ, with a Michaelis-Menten constant of Km = 0.33 mM. Owing to the high catalytic activity and specificity, a strong color was observed at low concentrations of HQ. Quantitative measurement of HQ was performed via colorimetric analysis, which yielded a detection limit of 3 μM with a linear range of 5-200 μM. This colorimetric sensor was successfully applied to an HQ assay of real water samples with satisfactory results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenjing Zhuang
- School of Medicine, Huaqiao University, Quanzhou, Fujian, 362021, People's Republic of China.
| | - Chunyan Zhang
- School of Medicine, Huaqiao University, Quanzhou, Fujian, 362021, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhengdi Yu
- School of Medicine, Huaqiao University, Quanzhou, Fujian, 362021, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenyuan Liu
- School of Medicine, Huaqiao University, Quanzhou, Fujian, 362021, People's Republic of China
| | - Yajun Zhong
- School of Medicine, Huaqiao University, Quanzhou, Fujian, 362021, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingyun Zhang
- School of Medicine, Huaqiao University, Quanzhou, Fujian, 362021, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhihui Xu
- Department of Otolaryngology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, 362000, Fujian, China
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26
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Qi R, Zhu B, Han Z, Gao Y. High-Throughput Screening of Stable Single-Atom Catalysts in CO 2 Reduction Reactions. ACS Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.2c02149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Rui Qi
- Key Laboratory of Interfacial Physics and Technology, Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049 China
| | - Beien Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Interfacial Physics and Technology, Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800 China
- Interdisciplinary Research Center, Zhangjiang Laboratory, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201210 China
| | - Zhongkang Han
- Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Yi Gao
- Key Laboratory of Interfacial Physics and Technology, Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800 China
- Interdisciplinary Research Center, Zhangjiang Laboratory, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201210 China
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27
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Wang K, Wang L, Yao Z, Zhang L, Zhang L, Yang X, Li Y, Wang YG, Li Y, Yang F. Kinetic diffusion-controlled synthesis of twinned intermetallic nanocrystals for CO-resistant catalysis. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabo4599. [PMID: 35731880 PMCID: PMC9217091 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abo4599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Intermetallic catalysts are of immense interest, but how heterometals diffuse and related interface structure remain unclear when there exists a strong metal-support interaction. Here, we developed a kinetic diffusion-controlled method and synthesized intermetallic Pt2Mo nanocrystals with twin boundaries on mesoporous carbon (Pt2Mo/C). The formation of small-sized twinned intermetallic nanocrystals is associated with the strong Mo-C interaction-induced slow Mo diffusion and the heterogeneity of alloying, which is revealed by an in situ aberration-corrected transmission electron microscope (TEM) at high temperature. The twinned Pt2Mo/C constitutes a promising CO-resistant catalyst for highly selective hydrogenation of nitroarenes. Theoretical calculations and environmental TEM suggest that the weakened CO adsorption over Pt sites of Pt2Mo twin boundaries and their local region endows them with high CO resistance, selectivity, and reusability. The present strategy paves the way for tailoring the interface structure of high-melting point Mo/W-based intermetallic nanocrystals that proved to be important for the industrially viable reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Zhen Yao
- Department of Chemistry, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Luyao Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Xusheng Yang
- Department of Chemistry, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Yingbo Li
- Department of Chemistry, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Yang-Gang Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Yan Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science, Key Laboratory for the Physics and Chemistry of Nanodevices, State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Materials Chemistry and Applications, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Peking University Shenzhen Institute, Shenzhen 518057, China
- PKU-HKUST Shenzhen-Hong Kong Institution, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Feng Yang
- Department of Chemistry, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
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Hou X, Wang K, Ge M, Xi W, Yuan W, Shen Y. Complete surface reconstruction of nanoporous gold during CH 4 pyrolysis. NANOSCALE 2022; 14:8023-8027. [PMID: 35612413 DOI: 10.1039/d1nr07941g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The catalytic activity and selectivity of metallic nanocatalysts can be controlled using physical and chemical methods to tune the exposed crystal facets. Nanoporous metals (NPMs) have unique bicontinuous structures, large specific surface areas, and high catalytic activities, and are widely used in the field of heterogeneous catalysis. However, owing to the complex surface topography of NPMs, it is difficult to regulate their exposed crystal facets over a large area. In this study, nanoporous gold (NPG) is successfully prepared with a complete regular surface that exposes the Au {111} and {100} facets through a methane pyrolysis reaction. The results of high-spatial and -temporal resolution in situ experiments and theoretical calculations indicate that C species significantly weaken the interaction between surface Au atoms with low coordination numbers and their surrounding atoms, which results in the migration and recombination of surface atoms. This research fundamentally clarifies the reconstruction mechanism of porous materials during methane pyrolysis and provides a theoretical basis for the targeted regulation of exposed NPM surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingang Hou
- Center for Electron Microscopy and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Porous Materials, Institute for New Energy Materials & Low-Carbon Technologies, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin 300384, China.
| | - Kai Wang
- Center for Electron Microscopy and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Porous Materials, Institute for New Energy Materials & Low-Carbon Technologies, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin 300384, China.
| | - Mengke Ge
- Center for Electron Microscopy and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Porous Materials, Institute for New Energy Materials & Low-Carbon Technologies, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin 300384, China.
| | - Wei Xi
- Center for Electron Microscopy and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Porous Materials, Institute for New Energy Materials & Low-Carbon Technologies, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin 300384, China.
| | - Wenjuan Yuan
- Center for Electron Microscopy and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Porous Materials, Institute for New Energy Materials & Low-Carbon Technologies, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin 300384, China.
| | - Yongli Shen
- Center for Electron Microscopy and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Porous Materials, Institute for New Energy Materials & Low-Carbon Technologies, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin 300384, China.
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Data Synchronization in Operando Gas and Heating TEM. Ultramicroscopy 2022; 238:113549. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ultramic.2022.113549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Revised: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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30
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Roy D, Pal A, Pal T. Electrochemical aspects of coinage metal nanoparticles for catalysis and spectroscopy. RSC Adv 2022; 12:12116-12135. [PMID: 35481094 PMCID: PMC9021847 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra00403h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Down scaling bulk materials can cause colloidal systems to evolve into microscopically dispersed insoluble particles. Herein, we describe the interesting applications of coinage metal nanoparticles (MNPs) as colloid dispersions especially gold and silver. The rich plasmon bands of gold and silver in the visible range are elaborated using the plasmon resonance and redox potential values of grown metal microelectrode (GME). The gradation of their standard reduction potential values (E 0), as evaluated from the Gibbs free energy change for bulk metal, is ascribed to the variation in their size. Also, the effect of nucleophiles in the electrolytic cell with metal nanoparticles (MNPs) is described. The nucleophile-guided reduction potential value is considered, which is applicable even for bulk noble metals. Typically, a low value (as low as E 0 = +0.40 V) causes the oxidation of metals at the O2 (air)/H2O interface. Under this condition, the oxidation of noble metal particles and dissolution of the noble metal in water are demonstrated. Thus, metal dissolution as a function of the size of metal nanoparticles becomes eventful and demonstrable with the addition of a surfactant to the solution. Interestingly, the reversal of the nobility of gold (Au) and silver (Ag) microelectrodes at the water/electrode interface is confirmed from the evolution of normal and inverted 'core-shell' structures, exploiting visible spectrophotometry and surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) analysis. Subsequently, the effect of the size, shape, and facet- and support-selective catalysis of gold nanoparticles (NPs) and the effect of incident photons on current conversion without an applied potential are briefly discussed. Finally, the synergistic effect of the emissive behaviour of gold and silver clusters is productively exploited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deblina Roy
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology Rourkela Odisha India
| | - Anjali Pal
- Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur Kharagpur 721302 India
| | - Tarasankar Pal
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Johannesburg P. O. Box 524, Auckland Park 2006, Kingsway Campus South Africa
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How to Use Localized Surface Plasmon for Monitoring the Adsorption of Thiol Molecules on Gold Nanoparticles? NANOMATERIALS 2022; 12:nano12020292. [PMID: 35055309 PMCID: PMC8778005 DOI: 10.3390/nano12020292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 01/08/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The functionalization of spherical gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) in solution with thiol molecules is essential for further developing their applications. AuNPs exhibit a clear localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) at 520 nm in water for 20 nm size nanoparticles, which is extremely sensitive to the local surface chemistry. In this study, we revisit the use of UV-visible spectroscopy for monitoring the LSPR peak and investigate the progressive reaction of thiol molecules on 22 nm gold nanoparticles. FTIR spectroscopy and TEM are used for confirming the nature of ligands and the nanoparticle diameter. Two thiols are studied: 11-mercaptoundecanoic acid (MUDA) and 16-mercaptohexadecanoic acid (MHDA). Surface saturation is detected after adding 20 nmol of thiols into 1.3 × 10−3 nmol of AuNPs, corresponding approximately to 15,000 molecules per AuNPs (which is equivalent to 10.0 molecules per nm2). Saturation corresponds to an LSPR shift of 2.7 nm and 3.9 nm for MUDA and MHDA, respectively. This LSPR shift is analyzed with an easy-to-use analytical model that accurately predicts the wavelength shift. The case of dodecanehtiol (DDT) where the LSPR shift is 15.6 nm is also quickly commented. An insight into the kinetics of the functionalization is obtained by monitoring the reaction for a low thiol concentration, and the reaction appears to be completed in less than one hour.
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33
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Fujita M, Yamamoto A, Tsuchiya N, Yoshida H. Hydrogen Adsorption/Desorption Isotherms on Supported Platinum Nanoparticles Determined by in‐situ XAS and ΔXANES Analysis. ChemCatChem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.202101709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Masami Fujita
- Kyoto University: Kyoto Daigaku Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies 606-8501 Kyoto JAPAN
| | - Akira Yamamoto
- Kyoto University: Kyoto Daigaku Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies #219 Building 2, Yoshida South Campus, Yoshida-Nihonmatsu-cho, Sakyo-ku 606-8501 Kyoto JAPAN
| | - Naoki Tsuchiya
- Kyoto University: Kyoto Daigaku Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies 606-8501 Kyoto JAPAN
| | - Hisao Yoshida
- Kyoto University: Kyoto Daigaku Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies 606-8501 Kyoto JAPAN
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34
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Five-second STEM dislocation tomography for 300 nm thick specimen assisted by deep-learning-based noise filtering. Sci Rep 2021; 11:20720. [PMID: 34702955 PMCID: PMC8548491 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-99914-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) is suitable for visualizing the inside of a relatively thick specimen than the conventional transmission electron microscopy, whose resolution is limited by the chromatic aberration of image forming lenses, and thus, the STEM mode has been employed frequently for computed electron tomography based three-dimensional (3D) structural characterization and combined with analytical methods such as annular dark field imaging or spectroscopies. However, the image quality of STEM is severely suffered by noise or artifacts especially when rapid imaging, in the order of millisecond per frame or faster, is pursued. Here we demonstrate a deep-learning-assisted rapid STEM tomography, which visualizes 3D dislocation arrangement only within five-second acquisition of all the tilt-series images even in a 300 nm thick steel specimen. The developed method offers a new platform for various in situ or operando 3D microanalyses in which dealing with relatively thick specimens or covering media like liquid cells are required.
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35
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Kim YY, Keller TF, Goncalves TJ, Abuin M, Runge H, Gelisio L, Carnis J, Vonk V, Plessow PN, Vartaniants IA, Stierle A. Single alloy nanoparticle x-ray imaging during a catalytic reaction. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2021; 7:eabh0757. [PMID: 34597137 PMCID: PMC10938497 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abh0757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The imaging of active nanoparticles represents a milestone in decoding heterogeneous catalysts’ dynamics. We report the facet-resolved, surface strain state of a single PtRh alloy nanoparticle on SrTiO3 determined by coherent x-ray diffraction imaging under catalytic reaction conditions. Density functional theory calculations allow us to correlate the facet surface strain state to its reaction environment–dependent chemical composition. We find that the initially Pt-terminated nanoparticle surface gets Rh-enriched under CO oxidation reaction conditions. The local composition is facet orientation dependent, and the Rh enrichment is nonreversible under subsequent CO reduction. Tracking facet-resolved strain and composition under operando conditions is crucial for a rational design of more efficient heterogeneous catalysts with tailored activity, selectivity, and lifetime.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Yong Kim
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), D-22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Thomas F. Keller
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), D-22607 Hamburg, Germany
- University of Hamburg, Physics Department, D-20355 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Tiago J. Goncalves
- Institute of Catalysis Research and Technology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, D-76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Manuel Abuin
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), D-22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Henning Runge
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), D-22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Luca Gelisio
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), D-22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Jerome Carnis
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), D-22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Vedran Vonk
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), D-22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Philipp N. Plessow
- Institute of Catalysis Research and Technology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, D-76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Ivan A. Vartaniants
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), D-22607 Hamburg, Germany
- National Research Nuclear University MEPhI, Moscow 115409, Russia
| | - Andreas Stierle
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), D-22607 Hamburg, Germany
- University of Hamburg, Physics Department, D-20355 Hamburg, Germany
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36
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Dong Z, Liu W, Zhang L, Wang S, Luo L. Structural Evolution of Cu/ZnO Catalysts during Water-Gas Shift Reaction: An In Situ Transmission Electron Microscopy Study. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:41707-41714. [PMID: 34427430 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c11839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Supported metal catalysts experience significant structural evolution during the activation process and reaction conditions, which is critical to achieve a desired active surface and interface enabling efficient catalytic processes. However, such dynamic structural information and related mechanistic understandings remain largely elusive owing to the limitation of real-time capturing dynamic information under reaction conditions. Here, using in situ environment transmission electron microscopy, we demonstrate the atomic-scale structural evolution of the model Cu/ZnO catalyst under relevant water-gas shift reaction (WGSR) conditions. Under a CO gas environment, Cu nanoparticles decompose into smaller Cu species and redistribute on ZnO supports with either the crystalline Cu2O or amorphous CuOx phase due to a strong CO-Cu interaction. In addition, we visualize various metal-support interactions between Cu and ZnO under reaction conditions, e.g., ZnO clusters precipitating on Cu nanoparticles, which are critical to understand active sites of Cu/ZnO as catalysts for WGSR. These in situ atomic-scale observations highlight the dynamic interplays between Cu and ZnO that can be extended to other supported metal catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zejian Dong
- Institute of Molecular Plus, Tianjin University, 92 Weijin Road, Tianjin 300072, P. R. China
| | - Wei Liu
- Institute of Molecular Plus, Tianjin University, 92 Weijin Road, Tianjin 300072, P. R. China
| | - Lifeng Zhang
- Institute of Molecular Plus, Tianjin University, 92 Weijin Road, Tianjin 300072, P. R. China
| | - Shuangbao Wang
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Langli Luo
- Institute of Molecular Plus, Tianjin University, 92 Weijin Road, Tianjin 300072, P. R. China
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37
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Zhang Y, Zhao S, Feng J, Song S, Shi W, Wang D, Zhang H. Unraveling the physical chemistry and materials science of CeO2-based nanostructures. Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chempr.2021.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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38
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Huang X, Jones T, Fedorov A, Farra R, Copéret C, Schlögl R, Willinger MG. Phase Coexistence and Structural Dynamics of Redox Metal Catalysts Revealed by Operando TEM. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2021; 33:e2101772. [PMID: 34117665 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202101772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Revised: 04/10/2021] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Metal catalysts play an important role in industrial redox reactions. Although extensively studied, the state of these catalysts under operating conditions is largely unknown, and assignments of active sites remain speculative. Herein, an operando transmission electron microscopy study is presented, which interrelates the structural dynamics of redox metal catalysts to their activity. Using hydrogen oxidation on copper as an elementary redox reaction, it is revealed how the interaction between metal and the surrounding gas phase induces complex structural transformations and drives the system from a thermodynamic equilibrium toward a state controlled by the chemical dynamics. Direct imaging combined with the simultaneous detection of catalytic activity provides unparalleled structure-activity insights that identify distinct mechanisms for water formation and reveal the means by which the system self-adjusts to changes of the gas-phase chemical potential. Density functional theory calculations show that surface phase transitions are driven by chemical dynamics even when the system is far from a thermodynamic phase boundary. In a bottom-up approach, the dynamic behavior observed here for an elementary reaction is finally extended to more relevant redox reactions and other metal catalysts, which underlines the importance of chemical dynamics for the formation and constant re-generation of transient active sites during catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Huang
- Scientific Center for Optical and Electron Microscopy, ETH Zurich, Otto-Stern-Weg 3, Zurich, 8093, Switzerland
- College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350116, P. R. China
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1-5, Zurich, 8093, Switzerland
- Fritz-Haber Institute of Max-Planck Society, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Travis Jones
- Fritz-Haber Institute of Max-Planck Society, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Alexey Fedorov
- Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH Zurich, Leonhardstrasse 21, 8092, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Ramzi Farra
- Fritz-Haber Institute of Max-Planck Society, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Christophe Copéret
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1-5, Zurich, 8093, Switzerland
| | - Robert Schlögl
- Fritz-Haber Institute of Max-Planck Society, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195, Berlin, Germany
- Department Heterogeneous Reactions, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion, 45470, Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Marc-Georg Willinger
- Scientific Center for Optical and Electron Microscopy, ETH Zurich, Otto-Stern-Weg 3, Zurich, 8093, Switzerland
- Fritz-Haber Institute of Max-Planck Society, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195, Berlin, Germany
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39
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A rapid reduction of Au(I→0) strategy for the colorimetric detection and discrimination of proteins. Mikrochim Acta 2021; 188:249. [PMID: 34254194 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-021-04906-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
A gold nanoparticle (AuNP)-based sensing strategy based on rapid reduction of Au(I→0) is proposed. As a proof-of-concept study, the proposed sensing principle is designed for simultaneous and colorimetric detection and discrimination of multiple proteins. In the presence of H2O2, the target proteins could reduce Au(I) (i.e. HAuCl2) to AuNPs with different sizes, shapes and dispersion/aggregation states, thus resulting in rapidly colorimetric identification of different proteins. The optical response (i.e. color) of AuNPs is found to be characteristic of a given protein. The color response patterns are characteristic for each protein and can be quantitatively differentiated by statistical techniques. The sensor array is capable of discriminating proteins at concentrations as low as 0.1 μg/mL with high accuracy. A linear relationship was observed between the total Euclidean distances and protein concentration, providing the potential for protein quantification using this sensor array. The limit of detection (LOD) for catalase (Cat) is 0.08 μg/mL. The good linear range (from 0 to 8 μg/mL) has been used for the quantitative assay of Cat. To show a potentially practical application, this method was used to detect and discriminate proteins in human urine and tear samples. Graphical abstract We report a facile gold nanoparticle (AuNP)-based sensing strategy, that is, "a rapid reduction of Au(I) to Au(0) nanoparticles with different sizes and shapes by analytes that having certain reducing capabilities, resulting in different colours." The proposed sensing principle is designed for simultaneous, colorimetric detection and discrimination of multiple proteins.
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40
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Tannic Acid: A green and efficient stabilizer of Au, Ag, Cu and Pd nanoparticles for the 4-Nitrophenol Reduction, Suzuki-Miyaura coupling reactions and click reactions in aqueous solution. J Colloid Interface Sci 2021; 604:281-291. [PMID: 34271489 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2021.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2021] [Revised: 06/06/2021] [Accepted: 07/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Due to the good electrical, optical, magnetic, catalytic properties, transition metal nanoparticles (TMNPs) have been becoming more and more interesting in the fileds of environment, material, biomedicine, catalysis, and so on. Here, tannic acid (TA) is used as a green and efficient stabilizer to fabricate all kinds of TMNPs including AuNPs, AgNPs, CuNPs and PdNPs. These TMNPs possess small sizes ranging from 1 nm to 6 nm, which is conducive to several catalytic reactions in aqueous solution, such as 4-nitrophenol (4-NP) reduction, CuAAC reactions and Suzuki-Miyaura coupling reactions. AuNPs and PdNPs are found to have distinctly higher catalytic activities than AgNPs and CuNPs in the 4-NP reduction process. Especially, PdNPs show the highest catalytic activities with TOF up to 7200 h-1 in the 4-NP reduction. Furthermore, PdNPs also exhibit satisfying catalytic performance in the Suzuki-Miyaura coupling process, and CuNPs are catalytically active in the copper-catalyzed azide alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAC) reactions. The applicability and generality of PdNPs and CuNPs are respectively confirmed via the reaction between different substrates in the Suzuki-Miyaura coupling reactions and the CuAAC reactions. This work present a simple, fast, green and efficient strategy to synthesize TMNPs for multiple catalysis.
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41
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Kaatz FH, Murzin DY, Bultheel A. Coordination-Dependent Kinetics in the Catalysis of Gold Nanoclusters. ACS Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.1c00892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Forrest H. Kaatz
- Institutional Research, Mesalands Community College, 911 South 10th Street, Tucumcari, New Mexico 88401, United States
| | - Dmitry Yu. Murzin
- Industrial Chemistry and Reaction Engineering, Abo Akademi University, Biskopsgatan 8, Turku 20500, Finland
| | - Adhemar Bultheel
- Department Computer Sci., KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200A, 3001 Heverlee, Belgium
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42
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Lian Z, Wei J, Shan W, Yu Y, Radjenovic PM, Zhang H, He G, Liu F, Li JF, Tian ZQ, He H. Adsorption-Induced Active Vanadium Species Facilitate Excellent Performance in Low-Temperature Catalytic NO x Abatement. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:10454-10461. [PMID: 34192873 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c05354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Vanadia-based catalysts have been widely used for catalyzing various reactions, including their long-standing application in the deNOx process. It has been commonly considered that various vanadium species dispersed on supports with a large surface area act as the catalytically active sites. However, the role of crystalline V2O5 in selective catalytic reduction of NOx with NH3 (NH3-SCR) remains unclear. In this study, a catalyst with low vanadia loading was synthesized, in which crystalline V2O5 was deposited on a TiO2 support that had been pretreated at a high temperature. Surprisingly, the catalyst, which had a large amount of crystalline V2O5, showed excellent low-temperature NH3-SCR activity. For the first time, crystalline V2O5 on low-vanadium-loading catalysts was found to be transformed to polymeric vanadyl species by the adsorption of NH3. The generated active polymeric vanadyl species played a crucial role in NH3-SCR, leading to remarkably enhanced catalytic performance at low temperatures. This new finding provides a fundamental understanding of the metal oxide-catalyzed chemical reaction and has important implications for the development and commercial applications of NH3-SCR catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihua Lian
- Center for Excellence in Regional Atmospheric Environment and Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, Fujian 361021, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, College of Materials, College of Energy, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenpo Shan
- Center for Excellence in Regional Atmospheric Environment and Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, Fujian 361021, People's Republic of China
| | - Yunbo Yu
- Center for Excellence in Regional Atmospheric Environment and Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, Fujian 361021, People's Republic of China.,State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, People's Republic of China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Petar M Radjenovic
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, College of Materials, College of Energy, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, People's Republic of China
| | - Hua Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, College of Materials, College of Energy, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, People's Republic of China
| | - Guangzhi He
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, People's Republic of China
| | - Fudong Liu
- Department of Civil, Environmental, and Construction Engineering, Catalysis Cluster for Renewable Energy and Chemical Transformations (REACT), NanoScience Technology Center (NSTC), University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida 32816, United States
| | - Jian-Feng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, College of Materials, College of Energy, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhong-Qun Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, College of Materials, College of Energy, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong He
- Center for Excellence in Regional Atmospheric Environment and Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, Fujian 361021, People's Republic of China.,State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, People's Republic of China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
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43
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Meng J, Zhu B, Gao Y. Structure reconstruction of metal/alloy in reaction conditions: a volcano curve? Faraday Discuss 2021; 229:62-74. [PMID: 33634798 DOI: 10.1039/c9fd00128j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Recent in situ works have shown extensive evidence of the dramatic and reversible structure reconstructions of metal and alloy materials in reaction conditions. The reconstructions are of primary interest because they could lead to alternative catalytic mechanisms during real reactions. However, how the catalyst structure evolves under the pressures relevant to industrial applications (>1 atm) is so far unexplored. In our recent works, we have developed multiscale theoretical models to give reliable and precise predictions of the equilibrium shapes of metal nanoparticles and of the segregation properties of alloy surfaces at a given temperature and gas pressure. The theoretical predictions have been successfully used in interoperations of various in situ experimental observations. In this work, we applied these methods to study the detailed structural information of metal NPs and of bimetallic alloys at the temperature from 300 to 1000 K and the gas pressure from 10 to 107 Pa. The results show, in some cases, both the gas-induced shape change and the gas-induced segregation change are maximized when the gas adsorption is 'just right'. The fraction of the low-coordinated sites of the metal NP shows a volcano-like curve with pressure at a constant temperature. A similar volcano shape could also be found in the plot of the environmental segregation energy as functions of temperature and pressure. The similar gas effects at low pressure and at high pressure indicate the structural information obtained in laboratory environments (<1 atm) could be of use to understanding the catalysts structure reconstruction in industrial conditions (>1 atm).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Meng
- Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China and University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Beien Zhu
- Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China and Zhangjiang Laboratory, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201210, China.
| | - Yi Gao
- Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China and Zhangjiang Laboratory, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201210, China.
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44
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Kumari G, Kamarudheen R, Zoethout E, Baldi A. Photocatalytic Surface Restructuring in Individual Silver Nanoparticles. ACS Catal 2021; 11:3478-3486. [PMID: 33859867 PMCID: PMC8034772 DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.1c00478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Revised: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
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Light absorption
and scattering by metal nanoparticles can drive
catalytic reactions at their surface via the generation of hot charge
carriers, elevated temperatures, and focused electromagnetic fields.
These photoinduced processes can substantially alter the shape, surface
structure, and oxidation state of surface atoms of the nanoparticles
and therefore significantly modify their catalytic properties. Information
on such local structural and chemical change in plasmonic nanoparticles
is however blurred in ensemble experiments, due to the typical large
heterogeneity in sample size and shape distributions. Here, we use
single-particle dark-field and Raman scattering spectroscopy to elucidate
the reshaping and surface restructuring of individual silver nanodisks
under plasmon excitation and during photocatalytic CO2 hydrogenation.
We show that silver nanoparticles reshape significantly in inert N2 atmosphere, due to photothermal effects. Furthermore, by
collecting the inelastic scattering during laser irradiation in a
reducing gas environment, we observe intermittent light emission from
silver clusters transiently formed at the nanoparticle surface. These
clusters are likely to modify the photocatalytic activity of silver
nanodisks and to enable detection of reaction products by enhancing
their Raman signal. Our results highlight the dynamic nature of the
catalytic surface of plasmonic silver nanoparticles and demonstrate
the power of single-particle spectroscopic techniques to unveil their
structure–activity relationship both in situ and in real time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gayatri Kumari
- DIFFER—Dutch Institute for Fundamental Energy Research, De Zaale 20, 5612 AJ Eindhoven, The Netherlands
- Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, De Zaale, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Rifat Kamarudheen
- DIFFER—Dutch Institute for Fundamental Energy Research, De Zaale 20, 5612 AJ Eindhoven, The Netherlands
- Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, De Zaale, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Erwin Zoethout
- DIFFER—Dutch Institute for Fundamental Energy Research, De Zaale 20, 5612 AJ Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Andrea Baldi
- DIFFER—Dutch Institute for Fundamental Energy Research, De Zaale 20, 5612 AJ Eindhoven, The Netherlands
- Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, De Zaale, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1081, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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45
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Chee SW, Lunkenbein T, Schlögl R, Cuenya BR. In situand operandoelectron microscopy in heterogeneous catalysis-insights into multi-scale chemical dynamics. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2021; 33:153001. [PMID: 33825698 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/abddfd] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
This review features state-of-the-artin situandoperandoelectron microscopy (EM) studies of heterogeneous catalysts in gas and liquid environments during reaction. Heterogeneous catalysts are important materials for the efficient production of chemicals/fuels on an industrial scale and for energy conversion applications. They also play a central role in various emerging technologies that are needed to ensure a sustainable future for our society. Currently, the rational design of catalysts has largely been hampered by our lack of insight into the working structures that exist during reaction and their associated properties. However, elucidating the working state of catalysts is not trivial, because catalysts are metastable functional materials that adapt dynamically to a specific reaction condition. The structural or morphological alterations induced by chemical reactions can also vary locally. A complete description of their morphologies requires that the microscopic studies undertaken span several length scales. EMs, especially transmission electron microscopes, are powerful tools for studying the structure of catalysts at the nanoscale because of their high spatial resolution, relatively high temporal resolution, and complementary capabilities for chemical analysis. Furthermore, recent advances have enabled the direct observation of catalysts under realistic environmental conditions using specialized reaction cells. Here, we will critically discuss the importance of spatially-resolvedoperandomeasurements and the available experimental setups that enable (1) correlated studies where EM observations are complemented by separate measurements of reaction kinetics or spectroscopic analysis of chemical species during reaction or (2) real-time studies where the dynamics of catalysts are followed with EM and the catalytic performance is extracted directly from the reaction cell that is within the EM column or chamber. Examples of current research in this field will be presented. Challenges in the experimental application of these techniques and our perspectives on the field's future directions will also be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- See Wee Chee
- Department of Interface Science, Fritz Haber Institute of the Max Planck Society, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Thomas Lunkenbein
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Fritz Haber Institute of the Max Planck Society, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Robert Schlögl
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Fritz Haber Institute of the Max Planck Society, 14195 Berlin, Germany
- Department of Heterogeneous Reactions, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion, 45413 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Beatriz Roldan Cuenya
- Department of Interface Science, Fritz Haber Institute of the Max Planck Society, 14195 Berlin, Germany
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46
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Zhdanov VP. Nanocrystallites, adsorption, surface tension, and Wulff rule. Phys Rev E 2021; 103:012802. [PMID: 33601602 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.103.012802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Chemisorption on the surface of metal nanocrystallites (NCs) sometimes induces their reshaping. This interesting phenomenon was observed experimentally in various systems. Related theoretical studies imply that it can be described using the Wulff rule with the surface tension dependent on the coverage of the NC facets by adsorbate. There is, however, no agreement as to how the surface tension should be calculated in this case. Relying on the laws of statistical physics, I clarify the situation in this area in general and also in the framework of the mean-field approximation in three situations: (i) with adsorption-desorption equilibrium, (ii) with a fixed amount of adsorbate at a NC, and (iii) with a fixed amount of adsorbate at facets of a NC. Under these conditions, the surface tension is shown to be described by the same expressions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir P Zhdanov
- Department of Physics, Chalmers University of Technology, Göteborg, Sweden and Boreskov Institute of Catalysis, Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
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47
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Liu L, Corma A. Structural transformations of solid electrocatalysts and photocatalysts. Nat Rev Chem 2021; 5:256-276. [PMID: 37117283 DOI: 10.1038/s41570-021-00255-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Heterogeneous catalysts often undergo structural transformations when they operate under thermal reaction conditions. These transformations are reflected in their evolving catalytic activity, and a fundamental understanding of the changing nature of active sites is vital for the rational design of solid materials for applications. Beyond thermal catalysis, both photocatalysis and electrocatalysis are topical because they can harness renewable energy to drive uphill reactions that afford commodity chemicals and fuels. Although structural transformations of photocatalysts and electrocatalysts have been observed in operando, the resulting implications for catalytic behaviour are not fully understood. In this Review, we summarize and compare the structural evolution of solid thermal catalysts, electrocatalysts and photocatalysts. We suggest that well-established knowledge of thermal catalysis offers a good basis to understand emerging photocatalysis and electrocatalysis research.
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48
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Li X, Kou Z, Wang J. Manipulating Interfaces of Electrocatalysts Down to Atomic Scales: Fundamentals, Strategies, and Electrocatalytic Applications. SMALL METHODS 2021; 5:e2001010. [PMID: 34927897 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202001010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Revised: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Raising electrocatalysis by rationally devising catalysts plays a core role in almost all renewable energy conversion and storage systems. The principal catalytic properties can be controlled and improved well by manipulation of interfaces, ascribed to the interactions among different components/players at the interfaces. In particular, manipulating interfaces down to atomic scales is becoming increasingly attractive, not only because those atoms at around the interface are the key players during electrocatalysis, but also, understandings on the atomic level electrocatalysis allow one to gain deep insights into the reaction mechanism. With the feature down-sizing to atomic scales, there is a timely need to redefine the interfaces, as some of them have gone beyond the conventionally perceived interfacial concept. In this overview, the key active players participating in the interfacial manipulation of electrocatalysts are examined, from a new angle of "atomic interface," including those individual atoms, defects, and their interactions, together with the essential characterization techniques for them. The specific approaches and pathways to engineer better atomic interfaces are investigated, and thus to enable the unique electrocatalysis for targeted applications. Looking beyond recent progress, the challenges and prospects of the atomic level interfacial engineering are also briefly visited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Li
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117574, Singapore
| | - Zongkui Kou
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117574, Singapore
| | - John Wang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117574, Singapore
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49
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Yuan W, Zhu B, Fang K, Li XY, Hansen TW, Ou Y, Yang H, Wagner JB, Gao Y, Wang Y, Zhang Z. In situ manipulation of the active Au-TiO
2
interface with atomic precision during CO oxidation. Science 2021; 371:517-521. [DOI: 10.1126/science.abe3558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Wentao Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials and Center of Electron Microscopy, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027 China
| | - Beien Zhu
- Interdisciplinary Research Center, Zhangjiang Laboratory, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201210 China
- Key Laboratory of Interfacial Physics and Technology, Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201800 China
| | - Ke Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials and Center of Electron Microscopy, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027 China
| | - Xiao-Yan Li
- Key Laboratory of Interfacial Physics and Technology, Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201800 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049 China
| | - Thomas W. Hansen
- DTU Nanolab, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Yang Ou
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials and Center of Electron Microscopy, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027 China
| | - Hangsheng Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials and Center of Electron Microscopy, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027 China
| | - Jakob B. Wagner
- DTU Nanolab, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Yi Gao
- Interdisciplinary Research Center, Zhangjiang Laboratory, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201210 China
- Key Laboratory of Interfacial Physics and Technology, Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201800 China
| | - Yong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials and Center of Electron Microscopy, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027 China
| | - Ze Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials and Center of Electron Microscopy, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027 China
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50
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Liu P, Arslan Irmak E, De Backer A, De Wael A, Lobato I, Béché A, Van Aert S, Bals S. Three-dimensional atomic structure of supported Au nanoparticles at high temperature. NANOSCALE 2021; 13:1770-1776. [PMID: 33432963 DOI: 10.1039/d0nr08664a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Au nanoparticles (NPs) deposited on CeO2 are extensively used as thermal catalysts since the morphology of the NPs is expected to be stable at elevated temperatures. Although it is well known that the activity of Au NPs depends on their size and surface structure, their three-dimensional (3D) structure at the atomic scale has not been completely characterized as a function of temperature. In this paper, we overcome the limitations of conventional electron tomography by combining atom counting applied to aberration-corrected scanning transmission electron microscopy images and molecular dynamics relaxation. In this manner, we are able to perform an atomic resolution 3D investigation of supported Au NPs. Our results enable us to characterize the 3D equilibrium structure of single NPs as a function of temperature. Moreover, the dynamic 3D structural evolution of the NPs at high temperatures, including surface layer jumping and crystalline transformations, has been studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei Liu
- Electron Microscopy for Materials Science (EMAT), University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium.
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