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Fernandez MK, Sinha M, Zidan M, Renz M. Nuclear actin filaments - a historical perspective. Nucleus 2024; 15:2320656. [PMID: 38384139 PMCID: PMC10885181 DOI: 10.1080/19491034.2024.2320656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024] Open
Abstract
The view on nuclear filaments formed by non-skeletal β-actin has significantly changed over the decades. Initially, filamentous actin was observed in amphibian oocyte nuclei and only under specific cell stress conditions in mammalian cell nuclei. Improved labeling and imaging technologies have permitted insights into a transient but microscopically apparent filament network that is relevant for chromatin organization, biomechanics of the mammalian cell nucleus, gene expression, and DNA damage repair. Here, we will provide a historical perspective on the developing insight into nuclear actin filaments.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Molika Sinha
- Gynecologic Oncology Division, School of Medicine Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Mia Zidan
- Gynecologic Oncology Division, School of Medicine Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Malte Renz
- Gynecologic Oncology Division, School of Medicine Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA
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2
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Sun Q, Li B, Li Y, Cao Z, He H. Birc5 and Nudc are screened as candidate reference genes for RT-qPCR studies in mouse cementoblast mineralization using time-series RNA-seq data. Eur J Orthod 2024; 46:cjae035. [PMID: 39066623 DOI: 10.1093/ejo/cjae035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The robustness and credibility of RT-qPCR results are critically dependent on the selection of suitable reference genes. However, the mineralization of the extracellular matrix can alter the intracellular tension and energy metabolism within cells, potentially impacting the expression of traditional reference genes, namely Actb and Gapdh. OBJECTIVE To methodically identify appropriate reference genes for research focused on mouse cementoblast mineralization. MATERIALS AND METHODS Time-series transcriptomic data of mouse cementoblast mineralization were used. To ensure expression stability and medium to high expression levels, three specific criteria were applied to select potential reference genes. The expression stability of these genes was ranked based on the DI index (1/coefficient of variation) to identify the top six potential reference genes. RT-qPCR validation was performed on these top six candidates, comparing their performance against six previously used reference genes (Rpl22, Ppib, Gusb, Rplp0, Actb, and Gapdh). Cq values of these 12 genes were analyzed by RefFinder to get a stability ranking. RESULTS A total of 4418 (12.27%) genes met the selection criteria. Among them, Rab5if, Chmp4b, Birc5, Pea15a, Nudc, Supt4a were identified as candidate reference genes. RefFinder analyses revealed that two candidates (Birc5 and Nudc) exhibited superior performance compared to previously used reference genes. LIMITATIONS RefFinder's stability ranking does not consider the influence of primer efficiency. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS We propose Birc5 and Nudc as candidate reference genes for RT-qPCR studies investigating mouse cementoblast mineralization and cementum repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiao Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China
- Department of Orthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Biao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Yicun Li
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen Peking University, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Medical Center, Guangdong Province 518036, China
| | - Zhengguo Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Hong He
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China
- Department of Orthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China
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3
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Tamura I, Miyamoto K, Hatanaka C, Shiroshita A, Fujimura T, Shirafuta Y, Mihara Y, Maekawa R, Taketani T, Sato S, Matsumoto K, Tamura H, Sugino N. Nuclear actin assembly is an integral part of decidualization in human endometrial stromal cells. Commun Biol 2024; 7:830. [PMID: 38992143 PMCID: PMC11239864 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-024-06492-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Decidualization of the human endometrium is critical for establishing pregnancy and is entailed by differentiation of endometrial stromal cells (ESCs) into decidual cells. During decidualization, the actin cytoskeleton is dynamically reorganized for the ESCs' morphological and functional changes. Although actin dynamically alters its polymerized state upon external stimuli not only in the cytoplasm, but also in the nucleus, nuclear actin dynamics during decidualization have not been elucidated. Here, we show that nuclear actin was specifically assembled during decidualization of human ESCs. This decidualization-specific formation of nuclear actin filaments was disassembled following the withdrawal of the decidualization stimulus, suggesting its reversible process. Mechanistically, RNA-seq analyses revealed that the forced disassembly of nuclear actin resulted in the suppression of decidualization, accompanied with the abnormal upregulation of cell proliferation genes, leading to incomplete cell cycle arrest. CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein beta (C/EBPβ), an important regulator for decidualization, was responsible for downregulation of the nuclear actin exporter, thus accelerating nuclear actin accumulation and its assembly for decidualization. Taken together, we demonstrate that decidualization-specific nuclear actin assembly induces cell cycle arrest for establishing the decidualized state of ESCs. We propose that not only the cytoplasmic actin, but also nuclear actin dynamics profoundly affect decidualization process in humans for ensuring pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isao Tamura
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Minamikogushi 1-1-1, Ube, 755-8505, Japan.
| | - Kei Miyamoto
- Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Faculty of Biology-Oriented Science and Technology, Kindai University, Wakayama, 649-6493, Japan.
- Laboratory of Animal Reproductive Physiology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan.
| | - Chiharu Hatanaka
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Minamikogushi 1-1-1, Ube, 755-8505, Japan
| | - Amon Shiroshita
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Minamikogushi 1-1-1, Ube, 755-8505, Japan
| | - Taishi Fujimura
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Minamikogushi 1-1-1, Ube, 755-8505, Japan
| | - Yuichiro Shirafuta
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Minamikogushi 1-1-1, Ube, 755-8505, Japan
| | - Yumiko Mihara
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Minamikogushi 1-1-1, Ube, 755-8505, Japan
| | - Ryo Maekawa
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Minamikogushi 1-1-1, Ube, 755-8505, Japan
| | - Toshiaki Taketani
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Minamikogushi 1-1-1, Ube, 755-8505, Japan
| | - Shun Sato
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Minamikogushi 1-1-1, Ube, 755-8505, Japan
| | - Kazuya Matsumoto
- Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Faculty of Biology-Oriented Science and Technology, Kindai University, Wakayama, 649-6493, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Tamura
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Minamikogushi 1-1-1, Ube, 755-8505, Japan
| | - Norihiro Sugino
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Minamikogushi 1-1-1, Ube, 755-8505, Japan
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4
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He X, Brakebusch C. Regulation of Precise DNA Repair by Nuclear Actin Polymerization: A Chance for Improving Gene Therapy? Cells 2024; 13:1093. [PMID: 38994946 PMCID: PMC11240418 DOI: 10.3390/cells13131093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2024] [Revised: 06/18/2024] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Although more difficult to detect than in the cytoplasm, it is now clear that actin polymerization occurs in the nucleus and that it plays a role in the specific processes of the nucleus such as transcription, replication, and DNA repair. A number of studies suggest that nuclear actin polymerization is promoting precise DNA repair by homologous recombination, which could potentially be of help for precise genome editing and gene therapy. This review summarizes the findings and describes the challenges and chances in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Cord Brakebusch
- Biotech Research and Innovation Centre (BRIC), University of Copenhagen, Ole Maaløes Vej 5, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark;
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5
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Mokin YI, Povarova OI, Antifeeva IA, Artemov AV, Uversky VN, Turoverov KK, Kuznetsova IM, Fonin AV. Bioinformatics Analysis of Actin Interactome: Characterization of the Nuclear and Cytoplasmic Actin-Binding Proteins. Protein J 2024:10.1007/s10930-024-10207-y. [PMID: 38824467 DOI: 10.1007/s10930-024-10207-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 06/03/2024]
Abstract
Actin is present in the cytoplasm and nucleus of every eukaryotic cell. In the cytoplasm, framework and motor functions of actin are associated with its ability to polymerize to form F-actin. In the nucleus, globular actin plays a significant functional role. For a globular protein, actin has a uniquely large number of proteins with which it interacts. Bioinformatics analysis of the actin interactome showed that only a part of actin-binding proteins are both cytoplasmic and nuclear. There are proteins that interact only with cytoplasmic, or only with nuclear actin. The first pool includes proteins associated with the formation, regulation, and functioning of the actin cytoskeleton predominate, while nuclear actin-binding proteins are involved in the majority of key nuclear processes, from regulation of transcription to DNA damage response. Bioinformatics analysis of the structure of actin-binding proteins showed that these are mainly intrinsically disordered proteins, many of which are part of membrane-less organelles. Interestingly, although the number of intrinsically disordered actin-binding proteins in the nucleus is greater than in the cytoplasm, the drivers for the formation of the membrane-less organelles in the cytoplasm are significantly (four times) greater than in the nucleus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yakov I Mokin
- Laboratory of Structural Dynamics, Stability and Folding of Proteins, Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, 194064, Russian Federation
| | - Olga I Povarova
- Laboratory of Structural Dynamics, Stability and Folding of Proteins, Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, 194064, Russian Federation
| | - Iuliia A Antifeeva
- Laboratory of Structural Dynamics, Stability and Folding of Proteins, Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, 194064, Russian Federation
| | - Alexey V Artemov
- Laboratory of Structural Dynamics, Stability and Folding of Proteins, Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, 194064, Russian Federation
| | - Vladimir N Uversky
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, USF Health Byrd Alzheimer's Research Institute, University of South Florida, 12901 Bruce B. Downs Blvd., MDC07, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA.
| | - Konstantin K Turoverov
- Laboratory of Structural Dynamics, Stability and Folding of Proteins, Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, 194064, Russian Federation
| | - Irina M Kuznetsova
- Laboratory of Structural Dynamics, Stability and Folding of Proteins, Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, 194064, Russian Federation.
| | - Alexander V Fonin
- Laboratory of Structural Dynamics, Stability and Folding of Proteins, Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, 194064, Russian Federation.
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6
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Vivo M, Rosti V, Cervone S, Lanzuolo C. Chromatin plasticity in mechanotransduction. Curr Opin Cell Biol 2024; 88:102376. [PMID: 38810318 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceb.2024.102376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Revised: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024]
Abstract
Living organisms can detect and respond to physical forces at the cellular level. The pathways that transmit these forces to the nucleus allow cells to react quickly and consistently to environmental changes. Mechanobiology involves the interaction between physical forces and biological processes and is crucial for driving embryonic development and adapting to environmental cues during adulthood. Molecular studies have shown that cells can sense mechanical signals directly through membrane receptors linked to the cytoskeleton or indirectly through biochemical cascades that can influence gene expression for environmental adaptation. This review will explore the role of epigenetic modifications, emphasizing the 3D genome architecture and nuclear structures as responders to mechanical stimuli, which ensure cellular memory and adaptability. Understanding how mechanical cues are transduced and regulate cell functioning, governing processes such as cell programming and reprogramming, is essential for advancing our knowledge of human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Vivo
- Università degli Studi di Salerno, Fisciano, Italy.
| | - Valentina Rosti
- Institute of Biomedical Technologies, National Research Council (CNR), Milan, Italy; INGM Istituto Nazionale Genetica Molecolare Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi, Milan, Italy
| | - Sara Cervone
- INGM Istituto Nazionale Genetica Molecolare Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi, Milan, Italy
| | - Chiara Lanzuolo
- Institute of Biomedical Technologies, National Research Council (CNR), Milan, Italy; INGM Istituto Nazionale Genetica Molecolare Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi, Milan, Italy.
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7
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Sen B, Xie Z, Thomas MD, Pattenden SG, Howard S, McGrath C, Styner M, Uzer G, Furey TS, Rubin J. Nuclear actin structure regulates chromatin accessibility. Nat Commun 2024; 15:4095. [PMID: 38750021 PMCID: PMC11096319 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-48580-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Polymerized β-actin may provide a structural basis for chromatin accessibility and actin transport into the nucleus can guide mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) differentiation. Using MSC, we show that using CK666 to inhibit Arp2/3 directed secondary actin branching results in decreased nuclear actin structure, and significantly alters chromatin access measured with ATACseq at 24 h. The ATAC-seq results due to CK666 are distinct from those caused by cytochalasin D (CytoD), which enhances nuclear actin structure. In addition, nuclear visualization shows Arp2/3 inhibition decreases pericentric H3K9me3 marks. CytoD, alternatively, induces redistribution of H3K27me3 marks centrally. Such alterations in chromatin landscape are consistent with differential gene expression associated with distinctive differentiation patterns. Further, knockdown of the non-enzymatic monomeric actin binding protein, Arp4, leads to extensive chromatin unpacking, but only a modest increase in transcription, indicating an active role for actin-Arp4 in transcription. These data indicate that dynamic actin remodeling can regulate chromatin interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Buer Sen
- Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Zhihui Xie
- Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Michelle D Thomas
- Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, Center for Integrative Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Samantha G Pattenden
- Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, Center for Integrative Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Sean Howard
- Department of Mechanical and Biomedical Engineering, Boise State University, Boise, ID, USA
| | - Cody McGrath
- Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Maya Styner
- Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Gunes Uzer
- Department of Mechanical and Biomedical Engineering, Boise State University, Boise, ID, USA
| | - Terrence S Furey
- Departments of Genetics and Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Janet Rubin
- Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
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8
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Ulferts S, Lopes M, Miyamoto K, Grosse R. Nuclear actin dynamics and functions at a glance. J Cell Sci 2024; 137:jcs261630. [PMID: 38563209 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.261630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Actin is well known for its cytoskeletal functions, where it helps to control and maintain cell shape and architecture, as well as regulating cell migration and intracellular cargo transport, among others. However, actin is also prevalent in the nucleus, where genome-regulating roles have been described, including it being part of chromatin-remodeling complexes. More recently, with the help of advances in microscopy techniques and specialized imaging probes, direct visualization of nuclear actin filament dynamics has helped elucidate new roles for nuclear actin, such as in cell cycle regulation, DNA replication and repair, chromatin organization and transcriptional condensate formation. In this Cell Science at a Glance article, we summarize the known signaling events driving the dynamic assembly of actin into filaments of various structures within the nuclear compartment for essential genome functions. Additionally, we highlight the physiological role of nuclear F-actin in meiosis and early embryonic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Svenja Ulferts
- Institute for Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology I, Medical Faculty, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Massimo Lopes
- Institute of Molecular Cancer Research, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Kei Miyamoto
- Faculty of Biology-Oriented Science and Technology, Kindai University, Wakayama 649-6493, Japan
| | - Robert Grosse
- Institute for Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology I, Medical Faculty, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
- Centre for Integrative Biological Signalling Studies (CIBSS), 79104 Freiburg, Germany
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9
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Ryzhykau YL, Povarova OI, Dronova EA, Kuklina DD, Antifeeva IA, Ilyinsky NS, Okhrimenko IS, Semenov YS, Kuklin AI, Ivanovich V, Fonin AV, Uversky VN, Turoverov KK, Kuznetsova IM. Small-angle X-ray scattering structural insights into alternative pathway of actin oligomerization associated with inactivated state. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2024; 693:149340. [PMID: 38141525 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2023.149340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Revised: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/25/2023]
Abstract
In addition to the well-known monomeric globular (G-actin) and polymeric fibrillar (F-actin) forms, actin can exist in the so-called inactivated form (I-actin). Hsp70 chaperon, prefoldin, and CCT chaperonin are required to obtain native globular state. In contrast, I-actin is spontaneously formed in the absence of intracellular folding machinery. I-actin can be obtained from G-actin by elimination of divalent ion, incubation in presence of small concentrations of denaturants, and by heat exposure. Since G-actin is a quasi-stationary, thermodynamically unstable form, it can gradually transform into inactivated state in the absence of chelating/denaturating agents or heat exposure, but the transition is much slower. I-actin was shown to associate into oligomers up to the molecular weight of 14-16 G-actin monomers, though the structure of these oligomers remains uncharacterized. This study employs small-angle X-ray scattering to reveal novel insights into the oligomerization process of such spontaneously formed inactivated actin. These oligomers are differentiated from F-actin through comparative analysis, highlighting a unique oligomerization pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yury L Ryzhykau
- Research Center for Molecular Mechanisms of Aging and Age-Related Diseases, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, 141700, Russian Federation; Frank Laboratory of Neutron Physics, Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna, 141980, Russian Federation
| | - Olga I Povarova
- Laboratory of Structural Dynamics, Stability and Folding of Proteins, Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, 194064, Russian Federation
| | - Elizaveta A Dronova
- Research Center for Molecular Mechanisms of Aging and Age-Related Diseases, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, 141700, Russian Federation
| | - Daria D Kuklina
- Research Center for Molecular Mechanisms of Aging and Age-Related Diseases, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, 141700, Russian Federation; Laboratory of Structural Dynamics, Stability and Folding of Proteins, Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, 194064, Russian Federation
| | - Iuliia A Antifeeva
- Laboratory of Structural Dynamics, Stability and Folding of Proteins, Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, 194064, Russian Federation
| | - Nikolay S Ilyinsky
- Research Center for Molecular Mechanisms of Aging and Age-Related Diseases, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, 141700, Russian Federation
| | - Ivan S Okhrimenko
- Research Center for Molecular Mechanisms of Aging and Age-Related Diseases, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, 141700, Russian Federation
| | - Yury S Semenov
- Research Center for Molecular Mechanisms of Aging and Age-Related Diseases, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, 141700, Russian Federation
| | - Alexander I Kuklin
- Research Center for Molecular Mechanisms of Aging and Age-Related Diseases, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, 141700, Russian Federation; Frank Laboratory of Neutron Physics, Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna, 141980, Russian Federation
| | - Valentin Ivanovich
- Research Center for Molecular Mechanisms of Aging and Age-Related Diseases, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, 141700, Russian Federation
| | - Alexander V Fonin
- Laboratory of Structural Dynamics, Stability and Folding of Proteins, Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, 194064, Russian Federation
| | - Vladimir N Uversky
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Byrd Alzheimer's Research Institute, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA
| | - Konstantin K Turoverov
- Laboratory of Structural Dynamics, Stability and Folding of Proteins, Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, 194064, Russian Federation
| | - Irina M Kuznetsova
- Laboratory of Structural Dynamics, Stability and Folding of Proteins, Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, 194064, Russian Federation.
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10
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Li Z, Su M, Xie X, Wang P, Bi H, Li E, Ren K, Dong L, Lv Z, Ma X, Liu Y, Zhao B, Peng Y, Liu J, Liu L, Yang J, Ji P, Mei Y. mDia formins form hetero-oligomers and cooperatively maintain murine hematopoiesis. PLoS Genet 2023; 19:e1011084. [PMID: 38157491 PMCID: PMC10756686 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1011084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
mDia formin proteins regulate the dynamics and organization of the cytoskeleton through their linear actin nucleation and polymerization activities. We previously showed that mDia1 deficiency leads to aberrant innate immune activation and induces myelodysplasia in a mouse model, and mDia2 regulates enucleation and cytokinesis of erythroblasts and the engraftment of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs). However, whether and how mDia formins interplay and regulate hematopoiesis under physiological and stress conditions remains unknown. Here, we found that both mDia1 and mDia2 are required for HSPC regeneration under stress, such as serial plating, aging, and reconstitution after myeloid ablation. We showed that mDia1 and mDia2 form hetero-oligomers through the interactions between mDia1 GBD-DID and mDia2 DAD domains. Double knockout of mDia1 and mDia2 in hematopoietic cells synergistically impaired the filamentous actin network and serum response factor-involved transcriptional signaling, which led to declined HSPCs, severe anemia, and significant mortality in neonates and newborn mice. Our data demonstrate the potential roles of mDia hetero-oligomerization and their non-rodent functions in the regulation of HSPCs activity and orchestration of hematopoiesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaofeng Li
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Model and Molecular Medicine, Hunan University, Changsha, China
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Hunan University, Changsha, China
| | - Meng Su
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Model and Molecular Medicine, Hunan University, Changsha, China
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Hunan University, Changsha, China
| | - Xinshu Xie
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Model and Molecular Medicine, Hunan University, Changsha, China
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Hunan University, Changsha, China
| | - Pan Wang
- Department of Pathology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Honghao Bi
- Department of Pathology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Ermin Li
- Department of Pathology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Kehan Ren
- Department of Pathology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Lili Dong
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Model and Molecular Medicine, Hunan University, Changsha, China
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Hunan University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhiyi Lv
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Model and Molecular Medicine, Hunan University, Changsha, China
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Hunan University, Changsha, China
| | - Xuezhen Ma
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Model and Molecular Medicine, Hunan University, Changsha, China
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Hunan University, Changsha, China
| | - Yijie Liu
- Department of Pathology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Baobing Zhao
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Yuanliang Peng
- Department of Hematology, the Second Xiangya Hospital; Molecular Biology Research Center, School of Life Sciences; Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Hematology, Central South University; Changsha, China
| | - Jing Liu
- Department of Hematology, the Second Xiangya Hospital; Molecular Biology Research Center, School of Life Sciences; Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Hematology, Central South University; Changsha, China
| | - Lu Liu
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Model and Molecular Medicine, Hunan University, Changsha, China
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Hunan University, Changsha, China
| | - Jing Yang
- Department of Pathology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Peng Ji
- Department of Pathology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Yang Mei
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Model and Molecular Medicine, Hunan University, Changsha, China
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Hunan University, Changsha, China
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11
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Palumbieri MD, Merigliano C, González-Acosta D, Kuster D, Krietsch J, Stoy H, von Känel T, Ulferts S, Welter B, Frey J, Doerdelmann C, Sanchi A, Grosse R, Chiolo I, Lopes M. Nuclear actin polymerization rapidly mediates replication fork remodeling upon stress by limiting PrimPol activity. Nat Commun 2023; 14:7819. [PMID: 38016948 PMCID: PMC10684888 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-43183-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Cells rapidly respond to replication stress actively slowing fork progression and inducing fork reversal. How replication fork plasticity is achieved in the context of nuclear organization is currently unknown. Using nuclear actin probes in living and fixed cells, we visualized nuclear actin filaments in unperturbed S phase and observed their rapid extension in number and length upon genotoxic treatments, frequently taking contact with replication factories. Chemically or genetically impairing nuclear actin polymerization shortly before these treatments prevents active fork slowing and abolishes fork reversal. Defective fork remodeling is linked to deregulated chromatin loading of PrimPol, which promotes unrestrained and discontinuous DNA synthesis and limits the recruitment of RAD51 and SMARCAL1 to nascent DNA. Moreover, defective nuclear actin polymerization upon mild replication interference induces chromosomal instability in a PRIMPOL-dependent manner. Hence, by limiting PrimPol activity, nuclear F-actin orchestrates replication fork plasticity and is a key molecular determinant in the rapid cellular response to genotoxic treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Chiara Merigliano
- Molecular and Computational Biology Department, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | - Danina Kuster
- Institute of Molecular Cancer Research, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jana Krietsch
- Institute of Molecular Cancer Research, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Henriette Stoy
- Institute of Molecular Cancer Research, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Copenhagen University, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Thomas von Känel
- Institute of Molecular Cancer Research, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Svenja Ulferts
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical Faculty, University of Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | - Bettina Welter
- Institute of Molecular Cancer Research, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Joël Frey
- Institute of Molecular Cancer Research, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Cyril Doerdelmann
- Institute of Molecular Cancer Research, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Andrea Sanchi
- Institute of Molecular Cancer Research, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Robert Grosse
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical Faculty, University of Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
- CIBSS - Centre for Integrative Biological Signaling Studies, University of Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | - Irene Chiolo
- Molecular and Computational Biology Department, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
| | - Massimo Lopes
- Institute of Molecular Cancer Research, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
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12
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Wollscheid HP, Ulrich HD. Chromatin meets the cytoskeleton: the importance of nuclear actin dynamics and associated motors for genome stability. DNA Repair (Amst) 2023; 131:103571. [PMID: 37738698 DOI: 10.1016/j.dnarep.2023.103571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Revised: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/24/2023]
Abstract
The actin cytoskeleton is of fundamental importance for numerous cellular processes, including intracellular transport, cell plasticity, and cell migration. However, functions of filamentous actin (F-actin) in the nucleus remain understudied due to the comparatively low abundance of nuclear actin and the resulting experimental limitations to its visualization. Owing to recent technological advances such as super-resolution microscopy and the development of nuclear-specific actin probes, essential roles of the actin cytoskeleton in the context of genome maintenance are now emerging. In addition to the contributions of monomeric actin as a component of multiple important nuclear protein complexes, nuclear actin has been found to undergo polymerization in response to DNA damage and DNA replication stress. Consequently, nuclear F-actin plays important roles in the regulation of intra-nuclear mobility of repair and replication foci as well as the maintenance of nuclear shape, two important aspects of efficient stress tolerance. Beyond actin itself, there is accumulating evidence for the participation of multiple actin-binding proteins (ABPs) in the surveillance of genome integrity, including nucleation factors and motor proteins of the myosin family. Here we summarize recent findings highlighting the importance of actin cytoskeletal factors within the nucleus in key genome maintenance pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hans-Peter Wollscheid
- Institute of Molecular Biology gGmbH (IMB), Ackermannweg 4, Mainz D - 55128, Germany.
| | - Helle D Ulrich
- Institute of Molecular Biology gGmbH (IMB), Ackermannweg 4, Mainz D - 55128, Germany.
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13
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Matsumoto T, Higaki T, Takatsuka H, Kutsuna N, Ogata Y, Hasezawa S, Umeda M, Inada N. Arabidopsis thaliana Subclass I ACTIN DEPOLYMERIZING FACTORs Regulate Nuclear Organization and Gene Expression. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 64:1231-1242. [PMID: 37647615 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcad092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
ACTIN DEPOLYMERIZING FACTOR (ADF) is a conserved protein that regulates the organization and dynamics of actin microfilaments. Eleven ADFs in the Arabidopsis thaliana genome are grouped into four subclasses, and subclass I ADFs, ADF1-4, are all expressed throughout the plant. Previously, we showed that subclass I ADFs function in the regulation of the response against powdery mildew fungus as well as in the regulation of cell size and endoreplication. Here, we report a new role of subclass I ADFs in the regulation of nuclear organization and gene expression. Through microscopic observation of epidermal cells in mature leaves, we found that the size of chromocenters in both adf4 and transgenic lines where expression of subclass I ADFs is downregulated (ADF1-4Ri) was reduced compared with that of wild-type Col-0. Arabidopsis thaliana possesses eight ACTIN (ACT) genes, among which ACT2, -7 and -8 are expressed in vegetative organs. The chromocenter size in act7, but not in the act2/8 double mutant, was enlarged compared with that in Col-0. Microarray analysis revealed that 1,818 genes were differentially expressed in adf4 and ADF1-4Ri. In particular, expression of 22 nucleotide-binding leucine-rich repeat genes, which are involved in effector-triggered plant immunity, was reduced in adf4 and ADF1-4Ri. qRT-PCR confirmed the altered expressions shown with microarray analysis. Overall, these results suggest that ADF regulates various aspects of plant physiology through its role in regulation of nuclear organization and gene expression. The mechanism how ADF and ACT regulate nuclear organization and gene expression is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoko Matsumoto
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Osaka Metropolitan University, 1-1 Gakuen-cho, Naka-ku, Sakai, Osaka, 599-8531 Japan
| | - Takumi Higaki
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kumamoto University, 2-39-1 Kurokami, Chuou-ku, Kumamoto, 860-8555 Japan
- International Research Organization for Advanced Science and Technology (IROAST), Kumamoto University, 2-39-1 Kurokami, Chuou-ku, Kumamoto, 860-8555 Japan
| | | | | | - Yoshiyuki Ogata
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Osaka Metropolitan University, 1-1 Gakuen-cho, Naka-ku, Sakai, Osaka, 599-8531 Japan
| | - Seiichiro Hasezawa
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Hosei University, Kajino-cho 3-7-2 Koganei, Tokyo, 184-8584 Japan
| | - Masaaki Umeda
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Takayama-cho 8916-5 Ikoma, Nara, 630-0192 Japan
| | - Noriko Inada
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Osaka Metropolitan University, 1-1 Gakuen-cho, Naka-ku, Sakai, Osaka, 599-8531 Japan
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Takayama-cho 8916-5 Ikoma, Nara, 630-0192 Japan
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14
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Du WW, Qadir J, Du KY, Chen Y, Wu N, Yang BB. Nuclear Actin Polymerization Regulates Cell Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2300425. [PMID: 37566765 PMCID: PMC10558697 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202300425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Revised: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
Current studies on actin function primarily rely on cytoplasmic actin due to the absence of cellular models specifically expressing nuclear actin. Here, cell models capable of expressing varying levels of nuclear F/G-actin are generated and a significant role of nuclear actin in the regulation of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is uncovered. Through immunoprecipitation and mass spectrometry analyses, distinct binding partners for nuclear F-actin (β-catenin, SMAD2, and SMAD3) and nuclear G-actin (MYBBP1A, NKRF, and MYPOP) are investigated, which respectively modulate EMT-promoting and EMT-repressing transcriptional events. While nuclear F-actin promotes EMT with enhanced cell migration, survival, and elongated mesenchymal morphology, nuclear G-actin represses EMT and related cell activities. Mechanistically, nuclear F-actin enhances β-catenin, SMAD2, and SMAD3 expression and stability in the nuclei, while nuclear G-actin increases MYBBP1A, NKRF, and MYPOP expression and stability in the nuclei. The association between nuclear F/G-actin and N-cadherin/E-cadherin in the cell lines (in vitro), and increased nuclear actin polymerization in the wound healing cells (in vivo) affirm a significant role of nuclear actin in EMT regulation. With evidence of nuclear actin polymerization and EMT during development, and irregularities in disease states such as cancer and fibrosis, targeting nuclear actin dynamics to trigger dysregulated EMT warrants ongoing study.
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Affiliation(s)
- William W. Du
- Sunnybrook Research Instituteand Department of Laboratory Medicine and PathobiologyUniversity of TorontoTorontoONM4N3M5Canada
| | - Javeria Qadir
- Sunnybrook Research Instituteand Department of Laboratory Medicine and PathobiologyUniversity of TorontoTorontoONM4N3M5Canada
| | - Kevin Y. Du
- Sunnybrook Research Instituteand Department of Laboratory Medicine and PathobiologyUniversity of TorontoTorontoONM4N3M5Canada
| | - Yu Chen
- Sunnybrook Research Instituteand Department of Laboratory Medicine and PathobiologyUniversity of TorontoTorontoONM4N3M5Canada
| | - Nan Wu
- Sunnybrook Research Instituteand Department of Laboratory Medicine and PathobiologyUniversity of TorontoTorontoONM4N3M5Canada
| | - Burton B. Yang
- Sunnybrook Research Instituteand Department of Laboratory Medicine and PathobiologyUniversity of TorontoTorontoONM4N3M5Canada
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15
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Singh AK, Rai A, Weber A, Gericke M, Janssen KP, Moser M, Posern G. MRTF-A gain-of-function in mice impairs homeostatic renewal of the intestinal epithelium. Cell Death Dis 2023; 14:639. [PMID: 37770456 PMCID: PMC10539384 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-023-06158-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/30/2023]
Abstract
The actin-regulated transcription factor MRTF-A represents a central relay in mechanotransduction and controls a subset of SRF-dependent target genes. However, gain-of-function studies in vivo are lacking. Here we characterize a conditional MRTF-A transgenic mouse model. While MRTF-A gain-of-function impaired embryonic development, induced expression of constitutively active MRTF-A provoked rapid hepatocyte ballooning and liver failure in adult mice. Specific expression in the intestinal epithelium caused an erosive architectural distortion, villus blunting, cryptal hyperplasia and colonic inflammation, resulting in transient weight loss. Organoids from transgenic mice repeatedly induced in vitro showed impaired self-renewal and defective cryptal compartments. Mechanistically, MRTF-A gain-of-function decreased proliferation and increased apoptosis, but did not induce fibrosis. MRTF-A targets including Acta2 and Pai-1 were induced, whereas markers of stem cells and differentiated cells were reduced. Our results suggest that activated MRTF-A in the intestinal epithelium shifts the balance between proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anurag Kumar Singh
- Institute for Physiological Chemistry, Medical Faculty, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, 06114, Halle (Saale), Germany.
| | - Amrita Rai
- Department of Structural Biochemistry, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, 44227, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Anja Weber
- Institute for Physiological Chemistry, Medical Faculty, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, 06114, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Martin Gericke
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Medical Faculty, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, 06120, Halle (Saale), Germany
- Institute of Anatomy, Medical Faculty, Leipzig University, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Klaus-Peter Janssen
- Department of Surgery, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University Munich, 81675, Munich, Germany
| | - Markus Moser
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, 82152, Martinsried, Germany
- Institute of Experimental Hematology, School of Medicine, Technical University Munich, 81675, Munich, Germany
| | - Guido Posern
- Institute for Physiological Chemistry, Medical Faculty, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, 06114, Halle (Saale), Germany.
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16
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Bai Y, Zhao F, Wu T, Chen F, Pang X. Actin polymerization and depolymerization in developing vertebrates. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1213668. [PMID: 37745245 PMCID: PMC10515290 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1213668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Development is a complex process that occurs throughout the life cycle. F-actin, a major component of the cytoskeleton, is essential for the morphogenesis of tissues and organs during development. F-actin is formed by the polymerization of G-actin, and the dynamic balance of polymerization and depolymerization ensures proper cellular function. Disruption of this balance results in various abnormalities and defects or even embryonic lethality. Here, we reviewed recent findings on the structure of G-actin and F-actin and the polymerization of G-actin to F-actin. We also focused on the functions of actin isoforms and the underlying mechanisms of actin polymerization/depolymerization in cellular and organic morphogenesis during development. This information will extend our understanding of the role of actin polymerization in the physiologic or pathologic processes during development and may open new avenues for developing therapeutics for embryonic developmental abnormalities or tissue regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Bai
- Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing, China
| | - Feng Zhao
- Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing, China
| | - Tingting Wu
- Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing, China
| | - Fangchun Chen
- Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Pang
- Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing, China
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17
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Nieminuszczy J, Martin PR, Broderick R, Krwawicz J, Kanellou A, Mocanu C, Bousgouni V, Smith C, Wen KK, Woodward B, Bakal C, Shackley F, Aguilera A, Stewart G, Vyas Y, Niedzwiedz W. Actin nucleators safeguard replication forks by limiting nascent strand degradation. Nucleic Acids Res 2023; 51:6337-6354. [PMID: 37224534 PMCID: PMC10325910 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkad369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Revised: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Accurate genome replication is essential for all life and a key mechanism of disease prevention, underpinned by the ability of cells to respond to replicative stress (RS) and protect replication forks. These responses rely on the formation of Replication Protein A (RPA)-single stranded (ss) DNA complexes, yet this process remains largely uncharacterized. Here, we establish that actin nucleation-promoting factors (NPFs) associate with replication forks, promote efficient DNA replication and facilitate association of RPA with ssDNA at sites of RS. Accordingly, their loss leads to deprotection of ssDNA at perturbed forks, impaired ATR activation, global replication defects and fork collapse. Supplying an excess of RPA restores RPA foci formation and fork protection, suggesting a chaperoning role for actin nucleators (ANs) (i.e. Arp2/3, DIAPH1) and NPFs (i.e, WASp, N-WASp) in regulating RPA availability upon RS. We also discover that β-actin interacts with RPA directly in vitro, and in vivo a hyper-depolymerizing β-actin mutant displays a heightened association with RPA and the same dysfunctional replication phenotypes as loss of ANs/NPFs, which contrasts with the phenotype of a hyper-polymerizing β-actin mutant. Thus, we identify components of actin polymerization pathways that are essential for preventing ectopic nucleolytic degradation of perturbed forks by modulating RPA activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jadwiga Nieminuszczy
- Division of Cancer Biology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London SW3 6JB, UK
| | - Peter R Martin
- Division of Cancer Biology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London SW3 6JB, UK
| | - Ronan Broderick
- Division of Cancer Biology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London SW3 6JB, UK
| | - Joanna Krwawicz
- Division of Cancer Biology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London SW3 6JB, UK
| | - Alexandra Kanellou
- Division of Cancer Biology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London SW3 6JB, UK
| | - Camelia Mocanu
- Division of Cancer Biology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London SW3 6JB, UK
| | - Vicky Bousgouni
- Division of Cancer Biology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London SW3 6JB, UK
| | - Charlotte Smith
- Division of Cancer Biology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London SW3 6JB, UK
| | - Kuo-Kuang Wen
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology, Penn State College of Medicine, Penn State Health Children's Hospital, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
| | - Beth L Woodward
- Genome Stability and Human Disease Laboratory, Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Chris Bakal
- Division of Cancer Biology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London SW3 6JB, UK
| | - Fiona Shackley
- Paediatric Immunology, Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Sheffield Children's Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Sheffield, UK
| | - Andrés Aguilera
- Centro Andaluz de Biología Molecular y Medicina Regenerativa CABIMER, Universidad de Sevilla-CSIC-Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Seville, Spain
| | - Grant S Stewart
- Genome Stability and Human Disease Laboratory, Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Yatin M Vyas
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology, Penn State College of Medicine, Penn State Health Children's Hospital, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
| | - Wojciech Niedzwiedz
- Division of Cancer Biology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London SW3 6JB, UK
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18
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Sadhu L, Tsopoulidis N, Hasanuzzaman M, Laketa V, Way M, Fackler OT. ARPC5 isoforms and their regulation by calcium-calmodulin-N-WASP drive distinct Arp2/3-dependent actin remodeling events in CD4 T cells. eLife 2023; 12:e82450. [PMID: 37162507 PMCID: PMC10171864 DOI: 10.7554/elife.82450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/11/2023] Open
Abstract
CD4 T cell activation induces nuclear and cytoplasmic actin polymerization via the Arp2/3 complex to activate cytokine expression and strengthen T cell receptor (TCR) signaling. Actin polymerization dynamics and filament morphology differ between nucleus and cytoplasm. However, it is unclear how the Arp2/3 complex mediates distinct nuclear and cytoplasmic actin polymerization in response to a common stimulus. In humans, the ARP3, ARPC1, and ARPC5 subunits of the Arp2/3 complex exist as two different isoforms, resulting in complexes with different properties. Here, we show that the Arp2/3 subunit isoforms ARPC5 and ARPC5L play a central role in coordinating distinct actin polymerization events in CD4 T cells. While ARPC5L is heterogeneously expressed in individual CD4 T cells, it specifically drives nuclear actin polymerization upon T cell activation. In contrast, ARPC5 is evenly expressed in CD4 T cell populations and is required for cytoplasmic actin dynamics. Interestingly, nuclear actin polymerization triggered by a different stimulus, DNA replication stress, specifically requires ARPC5 but not ARPC5L. TCR signaling but not DNA replication stress induces nuclear actin polymerization via nuclear calcium-calmodulin signaling and N-WASP. Diversity in the molecular properties and individual expression patterns of ARPC5 subunit isoforms thus tailors Arp2/3-mediated actin polymerization to different physiological stimuli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lopamudra Sadhu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Integrative Virology, University Hospital HeidelbergHeidelbergGermany
| | - Nikolaos Tsopoulidis
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Integrative Virology, University Hospital HeidelbergHeidelbergGermany
| | - Md Hasanuzzaman
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Integrative Virology, University Hospital HeidelbergHeidelbergGermany
| | - Vibor Laketa
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Virology, University Hospital HeidelbergHeidelbergGermany
| | - Michael Way
- Cellular Signalling and Cytoskeletal Function Laboratory, The Francis Crick InstituteLondonUnited Kingdom
- Department of Infectious Disease, Imperial CollegeLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Oliver T Fackler
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Integrative Virology, University Hospital HeidelbergHeidelbergGermany
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19
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Jeruzalska E, Mazur AJ. The Role of non-muscle actin paralogs in cell cycle progression and proliferation. Eur J Cell Biol 2023; 102:151315. [PMID: 37099935 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcb.2023.151315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Revised: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Uncontrolled cell proliferation leads to several pathologies, including cancer. Thus, this process must be tightly regulated. The cell cycle accounts for cell proliferation, and its progression is coordinated with changes in cell shape, for which cytoskeleton reorganization is responsible. Rearrangement of the cytoskeleton allows for its participation in the precise division of genetic material and cytokinesis. One of the main cytoskeletal components is filamentous actin-based structures. Mammalian cells have at least six actin paralogs, four of which are muscle-specific, while two, named β- and γ-actin, are abundantly present in all types of cells. This review summarizes the findings that establish the role of non-muscle actin paralogs in regulating cell cycle progression and proliferation. We discuss studies showing that the level of a given non-muscle actin paralog in a cell influences the cell's ability to progress through the cell cycle and, thus, proliferation. Moreover, we elaborate on the non-muscle actins' role in regulating gene transcription, interactions of actin paralogs with proteins involved in controlling cell proliferation, and the contribution of non-muscle actins to different structures in a dividing cell. The data cited in this review show that non-muscle actins regulate the cell cycle and proliferation through varying mechanisms. We point to the need for further studies addressing these mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Estera Jeruzalska
- Department of Cell Pathology, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Antonina J Mazur
- Department of Cell Pathology, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, Poland.
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20
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Rubio LS, Gross DS. Dynamic coalescence of yeast Heat Shock Protein genes bypasses the requirement for actin. Genetics 2023; 223:iyad006. [PMID: 36659814 PMCID: PMC10319981 DOI: 10.1093/genetics/iyad006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Revised: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Nuclear actin has been implicated in dynamic chromatin rearrangements in diverse eukaryotes. In mammalian cells, it is required to reposition double-strand DNA breaks to enable homologous recombination repair and to enhance transcription by facilitating RNA Pol II recruitment to gene promoters. In the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, nuclear actin modulates interphase chromosome dynamics and is required to reposition the induced INO1 gene to the nuclear periphery. Here, we have investigated the role of actin in driving intergenic interactions between Heat Shock Factor 1 (Hsf1)-regulated Heat Shock Protein (HSP) genes in budding yeast. These genes, dispersed on multiple chromosomes, dramatically reposition following exposure of cells to acute thermal stress, leading to their clustering within dynamic biomolecular condensates. Using an auxin-induced degradation strategy, we found that conditional depletion of nucleators of either linear or branched F-actin (Bni1/Bnr1 and Arp2, respectively) had little or no effect on heat shock-induced HSP gene coalescence or transcription. In addition, we found that pretreatment of cells with latrunculin A, an inhibitor of both filamentous and monomeric actin, failed to affect intergenic interactions between activated HSP genes and their heat shock-induced intragenic looping and folding. Moreover, latrunculin A pretreatment had little effect on HSP gene expression at either RNA or protein levels. In notable contrast, we confirmed that repositioning of activated INO1 to the nuclear periphery and its proper expression do require actin. Collectively, our work suggests that transcriptional activation and 3D genome restructuring of thermally induced, Hsf1-regulated genes can occur in the absence of actin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda S Rubio
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA 71130, USA
| | - David S Gross
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA 71130, USA
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21
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Palumbieri MD, Merigliano C, Acosta DG, von Känel T, Welter B, Stoy H, Krietsch J, Ulferts S, Sanchi A, Grosse R, Chiolo I, Lopes M. Replication fork plasticity upon replication stress requires rapid nuclear actin polymerization. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.03.24.534097. [PMID: 36993227 PMCID: PMC10055433 DOI: 10.1101/2023.03.24.534097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Cells rapidly respond to replication stress actively slowing fork progression and inducing fork reversal. How replication fork plasticity is achieved in the context of nuclear organization is currently unknown. Using nuclear actin probes in living and fixed cells, we visualized nuclear actin filaments in unperturbed S phase, rapidly extending in number and thickness upon genotoxic treatments, and taking frequent contact with replication factories. Chemically or genetically impairing nuclear actin polymerization shortly before these treatments prevents active fork slowing and abolishes fork reversal. Defective fork plasticity is linked to reduced recruitment of RAD51 and SMARCAL1 to nascent DNA. Conversely, PRIMPOL gains access to replicating chromatin, promoting unrestrained and discontinuous DNA synthesis, which is associated with increased chromosomal instability and decreased cellular resistance to replication stress. Hence, nuclear F-actin orchestrates replication fork plasticity and is a key molecular determinant in the rapid cellular response to genotoxic treatments.
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22
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Lara ML, Carvalho MG, de Souza FF, Schmith RA, Codognoto VM, De Vita B, Freitas Dell'Aqua CDP, Landim FDC, Alvarenga MLE. Influence of culture conditions on the secretome of mesenchymal stem cells derived from feline adipose tissue: Proteomics approach. Biochimie 2023; 211:78-86. [PMID: 36931338 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2023.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Revised: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to describe the secretome of mesenchymal stem cells derived from feline adipose tissue (AD-MSCs) and compare the effects of different culture conditions on AD-MSC proteomics using a shotgun approach. Adipose tissue was collected from 5 female cats and prepared to culture. Conditioned media was collected at third passage, in which the cells were cultured under 4 conditions, normoxia with fetal bovine serum (N + FBS), hypoxia with FBS (H + FBS), normoxia without FBS (N - FBS), and hypoxia without FBS (H - FBS). Then, the secretome was concentrated and prepared for proteomic approaches. Secretomes cultured with FBS-free medium had more than twice identified proteins in comparison with the secretomes cultured with FBS. In contrast, hypoxic conditions did not increase protein amount and affected only a small proteome fraction. Relevant proteins were related to the extracellular matrix promoting environmental modulation, influencing cell signaling pathways, and providing a suitable environment for cell proliferation and maintenance. Moreover, other proteins were also related to cell adhesion, migration and morphogenesis. Culture conditions can influence protein abundance in AD-MSC secretome, and can give also more specificity to cell and cell-free treatments for different diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Laura Lara
- Department of Veterinary Surgery and Animal Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, São Paulo State University - UNESP, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marcos Gomides Carvalho
- Department of Veterinary Surgery and Animal Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, São Paulo State University - UNESP, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fabiana Ferreira de Souza
- Department of Veterinary Surgery and Animal Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, São Paulo State University - UNESP, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Rubia Alves Schmith
- Department of Veterinary Surgery and Animal Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, São Paulo State University - UNESP, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Viviane Maria Codognoto
- Department of Veterinary Surgery and Animal Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, São Paulo State University - UNESP, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Bruna De Vita
- Department of Veterinary Surgery and Animal Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, São Paulo State University - UNESP, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil; International Product Marketing Manager - PROCARE HEALTH, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalunha, Spain
| | - Camila de Paula Freitas Dell'Aqua
- Department of Veterinary Surgery and Animal Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, São Paulo State University - UNESP, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fernada da Cruz Landim
- Department of Veterinary Surgery and Animal Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, São Paulo State University - UNESP, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marina Landim E Alvarenga
- Department of Veterinary Surgery and Animal Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, São Paulo State University - UNESP, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil; Omics Animal Biotechnology, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
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23
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Zhang R, Liu Q, Lyu C, Gao X, Ma W. Knockdown SENP1 Suppressed the Angiogenic Potential of Mesenchymal Stem Cells by Impacting CXCR4-Regulated MRTF-A SUMOylation and CCN1 Expression. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11030914. [PMID: 36979893 PMCID: PMC10046070 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11030914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Revised: 02/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The angiogenic potential of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) is critical for adult vascular regeneration and repair, which is regulated by various growth factors and cytokines. In the current study, we report that knockdown SUMO-specific peptidase 1 (SENP1) stimulated the SUMOylation of MRTF-A and prevented its translocation into the nucleus, leading to downregulation of the cytokine and angiogenic factor CCN1, which significantly impacted MSC-mediated angiogenesis and cell migration. Further studies showed that SENP1 knockdown also suppressed the expression of a chemokine receptor CXCR4, and overexpression of CXCR4 could partially abrogate MRTF-A SUMOylation and reestablish the CCN1 level. Mutation analysis confirmed that SUMOylation occurred on three lysine residues (Lys-499, Lys-576, and Lys-624) of MRTF-A. In addition, SENP1 knockdown abolished the synergistic co-activation of CCN1 between MRTF-A and histone acetyltransferase p300 by suppressing acetylation on histone3K9, histone3K14, and histone4. These results revealed an important signaling pathway to regulate MSC differentiation and angiogenesis by MRTF-A SUMOylation involving cytokine/chemokine activities mediated by CCN1 and CXCR4, which may potentially impact a variety of cellular processes such as revascularization, wound healing, and progression of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Zhang
- Department of Hematology, Tianjin First Central Hospital, Nankai University, Tianjin 300192, China
| | - Qingxi Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Qilu Institute of Technology, Jinan 250200, China
- Correspondence: (Q.L.); (W.M.)
| | - Cuicui Lyu
- Department of Hematology, Tianjin First Central Hospital, Nankai University, Tianjin 300192, China
| | - Xing Gao
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Qilu Institute of Technology, Jinan 250200, China
| | - Wenjian Ma
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Qilu Institute of Technology, Jinan 250200, China
- College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
- Correspondence: (Q.L.); (W.M.)
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24
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Balaban C, Sztacho M, Antiga L, Miladinović A, Harata M, Hozák P. PIP2-Effector Protein MPRIP Regulates RNA Polymerase II Condensation and Transcription. Biomolecules 2023; 13:biom13030426. [PMID: 36979361 PMCID: PMC10046169 DOI: 10.3390/biom13030426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Revised: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The specific post-translational modifications of the C-terminal domain (CTD) of the Rpb1 subunit of RNA polymerase II (RNAPII) correlate with different stages of transcription. The phosphorylation of the Ser5 residues of this domain associates with the initiation condensates, which are formed through liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS). The subsequent Tyr1 phosphorylation of the CTD peaks at the promoter-proximal region and is involved in the pause-release of RNAPII. By implementing super-resolution microscopy techniques, we previously reported that the nuclear Phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2) associates with the Ser5-phosphorylated-RNAPII complex and facilitates the RNAPII transcription. In this study, we identified Myosin Phosphatase Rho-Interacting Protein (MPRIP) as a novel regulator of the RNAPII transcription that recruits Tyr1-phosphorylated CTD (Tyr1P-CTD) to nuclear PIP2-containing structures. The depletion of MPRIP increases the number of the initiation condensates, indicating a defect in the transcription. We hypothesize that MPRIP regulates the condensation and transcription through affecting the association of the RNAPII complex with nuclear PIP2-rich structures. The identification of Tyr1P-CTD as an interactor of PIP2 and MPRIP further points to a regulatory role in RNAPII pause-release, where the susceptibility of the transcriptional complex to leave the initiation condensate depends on its association with nuclear PIP2-rich structures. Moreover, the N-terminal domain of MPRIP, which is responsible for the interaction with the Tyr1P-CTD, contains an F-actin binding region that offers an explanation of how nuclear F-actin formations can affect the RNAPII transcription and condensation. Overall, our findings shed light on the role of PIP2 in RNAPII transcription through identifying the F-actin binding protein MPRIP as a transcription regulator and a determinant of the condensation of RNAPII.
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Affiliation(s)
- Can Balaban
- Department of Biology of the Cell Nucleus, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 142 20 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Sztacho
- Department of Biology of the Cell Nucleus, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 142 20 Prague, Czech Republic
- Correspondence: (M.S.); (P.H.)
| | - Ludovica Antiga
- Department of Biology of the Cell Nucleus, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 142 20 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Ana Miladinović
- Department of Biology of the Cell Nucleus, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 142 20 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Masahiko Harata
- Laboratory of Molecular Biochemistry, Division of Life Science, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, 468-1, Aramaki Aza Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-0845, Japan
| | - Pavel Hozák
- Department of Biology of the Cell Nucleus, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 142 20 Prague, Czech Republic
- Correspondence: (M.S.); (P.H.)
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25
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Nieminuszczy J, Martin PR, Broderick R, Krwawicz J, Kanellou A, Mocanu C, Bousgouni V, Smith C, Wen KK, Woodward BL, Bakal C, Shackley F, Aguilera A, Stewart GS, Vyas YM, Niedzwiedz W. Actin nucleators safeguard replication forks by limiting nascent strand degradation. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.01.12.523639. [PMID: 36711944 PMCID: PMC9882250 DOI: 10.1101/2023.01.12.523639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Accurate genome replication is essential for all life and a key mechanism of disease prevention, underpinned by the ability of cells to respond to replicative stress (RS) and protect replication forks. These responses rely on the formation of Replication Protein A (RPA)-single stranded (ss) DNA complexes, yet this process remains largely uncharacterized. Here we establish that actin nucleation-promoting factors (NPFs) associate with replication forks, promote efficient DNA replication and facilitate association of RPA with ssDNA at sites of RS. Accordingly, their loss leads to deprotection of ssDNA at perturbed forks, impaired ATR activation, global replication defects and fork collapse. Supplying an excess of RPA restores RPA foci formation and fork protection, suggesting a chaperoning role for actin nucleators (ANs) (i.e., Arp2/3, DIAPH1) and NPFs (i.e, WASp, N-WASp) in regulating RPA availability upon RS. We also discover that β-actin interacts with RPA directly in vitro , and in vivo a hyper-depolymerizing β-actin mutant displays a heightened association with RPA and the same dysfunctional replication phenotypes as loss of ANs/NPFs, which contrasts with the phenotype of a hyper-polymerizing β-actin mutant. Thus, we identify components of actin polymerization pathways that are essential for preventing ectopic nucleolytic degradation of perturbed forks by modulating RPA activity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Peter R. Martin
- Cancer Biology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, SW3 6JB, UK
| | - Ronan Broderick
- Cancer Biology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, SW3 6JB, UK
| | - Joanna Krwawicz
- Cancer Biology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, SW3 6JB, UK
| | | | - Camelia Mocanu
- Cancer Biology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, SW3 6JB, UK
| | - Vicky Bousgouni
- Cancer Biology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, SW3 6JB, UK
| | - Charlotte Smith
- Cancer Biology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, SW3 6JB, UK
| | - Kuo-Kuang Wen
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology, PennState College of Medicine, PennState Health Children’s Hospital, Hershey, Pennsylvania 17033, USA
| | - Beth L. Woodward
- Genome Stability and Human Disease Laboratory, Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Chris Bakal
- Cancer Biology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, SW3 6JB, UK
| | - Fiona Shackley
- Paediatric Immunology, Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Sheffield Children's Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Sheffield, UK
| | - Andres Aguilera
- Centro Andaluz de Biologia Molecular y Medicina Regenerativa CABIMER, Universidad de Sevilla-CSIC-Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Seville, Spain
| | - Grant S. Stewart
- Genome Stability and Human Disease Laboratory, Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Yatin M. Vyas
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology, PennState College of Medicine, PennState Health Children’s Hospital, Hershey, Pennsylvania 17033, USA
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26
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Shen J, Geng L, Li X, Emery C, Kroning K, Shingles G, Lee K, Heyden M, Li P, Wang W. A general method for chemogenetic control of peptide function. Nat Methods 2023; 20:112-122. [PMID: 36481965 PMCID: PMC10069916 DOI: 10.1038/s41592-022-01697-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Natural or engineered peptides serve important biological functions. A general approach to achieve chemical-dependent activation of short peptides will be valuable for spatial and temporal control of cellular processes. Here we present a pair of chemically activated protein domains (CAPs) for controlling the accessibility of both the N- and C-terminal portion of a peptide. CAPs were developed through directed evolution of an FK506-binding protein. By fusing a peptide to one or both CAPs, the function of the peptide is blocked until a small molecule displaces them from the FK506-binding protein ligand-binding site. We demonstrate that CAPs are generally applicable to a range of short peptides, including a protease cleavage site, a dimerization-inducing heptapeptide, a nuclear localization signal peptide, and an opioid peptide, with a chemical dependence up to 156-fold. We show that the CAPs system can be utilized in cell cultures and multiple organs in living animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaqi Shen
- Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Lequn Geng
- Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Xingyu Li
- Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences & Prosthodontics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Catherine Emery
- Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences & Prosthodontics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Kayla Kroning
- Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Gwendolyn Shingles
- Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Kerry Lee
- Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Matthias Heyden
- School of Molecular Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Peng Li
- Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
- Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences & Prosthodontics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
| | - Wenjing Wang
- Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
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27
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Cobb AM, De Silva SA, Hayward R, Sek K, Ulferts S, Grosse R, Shanahan CM. Filamentous nuclear actin regulation of PML NBs during the DNA damage response is deregulated by prelamin A. Cell Death Dis 2022; 13:1042. [PMID: 36522328 PMCID: PMC9755150 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-022-05491-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Nuclear actin participates in a continuously expanding list of core processes within eukaryotic nuclei, including the maintenance of genomic integrity. In response to DNA damage, nuclear actin polymerises into filaments that are involved in the repair of damaged DNA through incompletely defined mechanisms. We present data to show that the formation of nuclear F-actin in response to genotoxic stress acts as a scaffold for PML NBs and that these filamentous networks are essential for PML NB fission and recruitment of microbodies to DNA lesions. Further to this, we demonstrate that the accumulation of the toxic lamin A precursor prelamin A induces mislocalisation of nuclear actin to the nuclear envelope and prevents the establishment of nucleoplasmic F-actin networks in response to stress. Consequently, PML NB dynamics and recruitment to DNA lesions is ablated, resulting in impaired DNA damage repair. Inhibition of nuclear export of formin mDia2 restores nuclear F-actin formation by augmenting polymerisation of nuclear actin in response to stress and rescues PML NB localisation to sites of DNA repair, leading to reduced levels of DNA damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew M. Cobb
- grid.13097.3c0000 0001 2322 6764BHF Centre of Research Excellence, School of Cardiovascular Medicine and Sciences, King’s College London, The James Black Centre, 125 Coldharbour Lane, London, SE5 9NU United Kingdom
| | - Shanelle A. De Silva
- grid.13097.3c0000 0001 2322 6764BHF Centre of Research Excellence, School of Cardiovascular Medicine and Sciences, King’s College London, The James Black Centre, 125 Coldharbour Lane, London, SE5 9NU United Kingdom
| | - Robert Hayward
- grid.13097.3c0000 0001 2322 6764BHF Centre of Research Excellence, School of Cardiovascular Medicine and Sciences, King’s College London, The James Black Centre, 125 Coldharbour Lane, London, SE5 9NU United Kingdom
| | - Karolina Sek
- grid.13097.3c0000 0001 2322 6764BHF Centre of Research Excellence, School of Cardiovascular Medicine and Sciences, King’s College London, The James Black Centre, 125 Coldharbour Lane, London, SE5 9NU United Kingdom
| | - Svenja Ulferts
- grid.5963.9Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical Faculty, University of Freiburg, Albertstraße 25, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Robert Grosse
- grid.5963.9Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical Faculty, University of Freiburg, Albertstraße 25, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Catherine M. Shanahan
- grid.13097.3c0000 0001 2322 6764BHF Centre of Research Excellence, School of Cardiovascular Medicine and Sciences, King’s College London, The James Black Centre, 125 Coldharbour Lane, London, SE5 9NU United Kingdom
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28
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Rubin J, Styner M. The skeleton in a physical world. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2022; 247:2213-2222. [PMID: 35983849 PMCID: PMC9899984 DOI: 10.1177/15353702221113861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
All organisms exist within a physical space and respond to physical forces as part of daily life. In higher organisms, the skeleton is critical for locomotion in the physical environment, providing a carapace upon which the animal can move to accomplish functions necessary for living. As such, the skeleton has responded evolutionarily, and does in real-time, to physical stresses placed on it to ensure that its structure supports its function in the sea, in the air, and on dry land. In this article, we consider how those cells responsible for remodeling skeletal structure respond to mechanical force including load magnitude, frequency, and cyclicity, and how force rearranges cellular structure in turn. The effects of these forces to balance the mesenchymal stem cell supply of bone-forming osteoblasts and energy storing adipocytes are addressed. That this phenotypic switching is achieved at the level of both gene transactivation and alteration of structural epigenetic controls of gene expression is considered. Finally, as clinicians, we consider this information as it applies to a prescriptive for intelligent exercise.
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29
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Regulation of nuclear actin levels and MRTF/SRF target gene expression during PC6.3 cell differentiation. Exp Cell Res 2022; 420:113356. [PMID: 36122768 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2022.113356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Revised: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Actin has important functions in both cytoplasm and nucleus of the cell, with active nuclear transport mechanisms maintaining the cellular actin balance. Nuclear actin levels are subject to regulation during many cellular processes from cell differentiation to cancer. Here we show that nuclear actin levels increase upon differentiation of PC6.3 cells towards neuron-like cells. Photobleaching experiments demonstrate that this increase is due to decreased nuclear export of actin during cell differentiation. Increased nuclear actin levels lead to decreased nuclear localization of MRTF-A, a well-established transcription cofactor of SRF. In line with MRTF-A localization, transcriptomics analysis reveals that MRTF/SRF target gene expression is first transiently activated, but then substantially downregulated during PC6.3 cell differentiation. This study therefore describes a novel cellular context, where regulation of nuclear actin is utilized to tune MRTF/SRF target gene expression during cell differentiation.
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30
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Lawson CD, Peel S, Jayo A, Corrigan A, Iyer P, Baxter Dalrymple M, Marsh RJ, Cox S, Van Audenhove I, Gettemans J, Parsons M. Nuclear fascin regulates cancer cell survival. eLife 2022; 11:79283. [PMID: 36039640 PMCID: PMC9427113 DOI: 10.7554/elife.79283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Fascin is an important regulator of F-actin bundling leading to enhanced filopodia assembly. Fascin is also overexpressed in most solid tumours where it supports invasion through control of F-actin structures at the periphery and nuclear envelope. Recently, fascin has been identified in the nucleus of a broad range of cell types but the contributions of nuclear fascin to cancer cell behaviour remain unknown. Here, we demonstrate that fascin bundles F-actin within the nucleus to support chromatin organisation and efficient DDR. Fascin associates directly with phosphorylated Histone H3 leading to regulated levels of nuclear fascin to support these phenotypes. Forcing nuclear fascin accumulation through the expression of nuclear-targeted fascin-specific nanobodies or inhibition of Histone H3 kinases results in enhanced and sustained nuclear F-actin bundling leading to reduced invasion, viability, and nuclear fascin-specific/driven apoptosis. These findings represent an additional important route through which fascin can support tumourigenesis and provide insight into potential pathways for targeted fascin-dependent cancer cell killing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Campbell D Lawson
- Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King’s College London, Guy’s Campus
| | - Samantha Peel
- Discovery Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca (United Kingdom)
| | - Asier Jayo
- Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King’s College London, Guy’s Campus
| | - Adam Corrigan
- Discovery Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca (United Kingdom)
| | - Preeti Iyer
- Molecular AI, Discovery Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca (Sweden)
| | | | - Richard J Marsh
- Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King’s College London, Guy’s Campus
| | - Susan Cox
- Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King’s College London, Guy’s Campus
| | - Isabel Van Audenhove
- Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University
| | - Jan Gettemans
- Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University
| | - Maddy Parsons
- Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King’s College London, Guy’s Campus
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31
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Sun F, Zhu G, He P, Wei E, Wang R, Wang Q, Tang X, Zhang Y, Shen Z. Identification, expression and subcellular localization of Orc1 in the microsporidian Nosema bombycis. Gene X 2022; 834:146607. [PMID: 35609797 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2022.146607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Revised: 05/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
As a typical species of microsporidium, Nosema bombycis is the pathogen causing the pébrine disease of silkworm. Rapid proliferation of N. bombycis in host cells requires replication of genetic material. As eukaryotic origin recognition protein, origin recognition complex (ORC) plays an important role in regulating DNA replication, and Orc1 is a key subunit of the origin recognition complex. In this study, we identified the Orc1 in the microsporidian N. bombycis (NbOrc1) for the first time. The NbOrc1 gene contains a complete ORF of 987 bp in length that encodes a 328 amino acid polypeptide. Indirect immunofluorescence results showed that NbOrc1 were colocalized with Nbactin and NbSAS-6 in the nuclei of N. bombycis. Subsequently, we further identified the interaction between the NbOrc1 and Nbactin by CO-IP and Western blot. These results imply that Orc1 may be involved in the proliferation of the microsporidian N. bombycis through interacting with actin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuzhen Sun
- Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212018, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Guanyu Zhu
- Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212018, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Ping He
- Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212018, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Erjun Wei
- Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212018, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Runpeng Wang
- Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212018, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Qiang Wang
- Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212018, Jiangsu Province, China; Sericulture Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhenjiang 212018, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Xudong Tang
- Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212018, Jiangsu Province, China; Sericulture Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhenjiang 212018, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yiling Zhang
- Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212018, Jiangsu Province, China; Sericulture Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhenjiang 212018, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Zhongyuan Shen
- Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212018, Jiangsu Province, China; Sericulture Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhenjiang 212018, Jiangsu Province, China.
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32
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Sundby LJ, Southern WM, Hawbaker KM, Trujillo JM, Perrin BJ, Ervasti JM. Nucleotide- and Protein-Dependent Functions of Actg1. Mol Biol Cell 2022; 33:ar77. [PMID: 35594181 PMCID: PMC9582642 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e22-02-0054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Revised: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytoplasmic β- and γ-actin proteins are 99% identical but support unique organismal functions. The cytoplasmic actin nucleotide sequences Actb and Actg1, respectively, are more divergent but still 89% similar. Actb-/- mice are embryonic lethal and Actb-/- cells fail to proliferate, but editing the Actb gene to express γ-actin (Actbc-g) resulted in none of the overt phenotypes of the knockout revealing protein-independent functions for Actb. To determine if Actg1 has a protein-independent function, we crossed Actbc-g and Actg1-/- mice to generate the bG/0 line, where the only cytoplasmic actin expressed is γ-actin from Actbc-g. The bG/0 mice were viable but showed a survival defect despite expressing γ-actin protein at levels no different from bG/gG with normal survival. A unique myopathy phenotype was also observed in bG/0 mice. We conclude that impaired survival and myopathy in bG/0 mice are due to loss of Actg1 nucleotide-dependent function(s). On the other hand, the bG/0 genotype rescued functions impaired by Actg1-/-, including cell proliferation and auditory function, suggesting a role for γ-actin protein in both fibroblasts and hearing. Together, these results identify nucleotide-dependent functions for Actg1 while implicating γ-actin protein in more cell-/tissue-specific functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren J. Sundby
- Program in Molecular, Cellular, Developmental Biology, and Genetics, and
| | - William M. Southern
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455
| | - Katelin M. Hawbaker
- Department of Biology, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN 46022
| | - Jesús M. Trujillo
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455
| | - Benjamin J. Perrin
- Department of Biology, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN 46022
| | - James M. Ervasti
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455
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33
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Mishra S, Levy DL. Nuclear F-actin and Lamin A antagonistically modulate nuclear shape. J Cell Sci 2022; 135:275607. [PMID: 35665815 PMCID: PMC9377710 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.259692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Nuclear shape influences cell migration, gene expression and cell cycle progression, and is altered in disease states like laminopathies and cancer. What factors and forces determine nuclear shape? We find that nuclei assembled in Xenopus egg extracts in the presence of dynamic F-actin exhibit a striking bilobed nuclear morphology with distinct membrane compositions in the two lobes and accumulation of F-actin at the inner nuclear envelope. The addition of Lamin A (encoded by lmna), which is absent from Xenopus eggs, results in rounder nuclei, suggesting that opposing nuclear F-actin and Lamin A forces contribute to the regulation of nuclear shape. Nuclear F-actin also promotes altered nuclear shape in Lamin A-knockdown HeLa cells and, in both systems, abnormal nuclear shape is driven by formins and not Arp2/3 or myosin. Although the underlying mechanisms might differ in Xenopus and HeLa cells, we propose that nuclear F-actin filaments nucleated by formins impart outward forces that lead to altered nuclear morphology unless Lamin A is present. Targeting nuclear actin dynamics might represent a novel approach to rescuing disease-associated defects in nuclear shape.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sampada Mishra
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82071, USA
| | - Daniel L. Levy
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82071, USA,Author for correspondence ()
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Gorey MA, Mericskay M, Li Z, Decaux JF. Interrelation between α-Cardiac Actin Treadmilling and Myocardin-Related Transcription Factor-A Nuclear Shuttling in Cardiomyocytes. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23137394. [PMID: 35806398 PMCID: PMC9266856 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23137394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Myocardin-related transcription factors (MRTFs) play a central role in the regulation of actin expression and cytoskeletal dynamics that are controlled by Rho GTPases. SRF is a ubiquitous transcription factor strongly expressed in muscular tissues. The depletion of SRF in the adult mouse heart leads to severe dilated cardiomyopathy associated with the down-regulation of target genes encoding sarcomeric proteins including α-cardiac actin. The regulatory triad, composed of SRF, its cofactor MRTFA and actin, plays a major role in the coordination of the nuclear transcriptional response to adapt actin filament dynamics associated with changes in cell shape, and contractile and migratory activities. Most of the knowledge on the regulation of the SRF–MRTF–Actin axis has been obtained in non-muscle cells with α-actin and smooth muscle cells with α-smooth actin. Here, we visualized for the first time by a time-lapse video, the nucleocytoplasmic shuttling of MRTFA induced by serum or pro-hypertrophic agonists such as angiotensin II, phenylephrine and endothelin-1, using an MRTFA-GFP adenovirus in cultures of neonatal rat cardiomyocytes. We showed that an inhibitor of the RhoA/ROCK signaling pathway leads to an α-cardiac actin polymerization disruption and inhibition of MRTFA nucleocytoplasmic shuttling. Moreover, inhibition of the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway also prevents the entry of MRTFA into the nuclei. Our findings point out a central role of the SRF–MRTFA–actin axis in cardiac remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark-Alexander Gorey
- Institut de Biologie Paris-Seine (IBPS), CNRS UMR 8256, INSERM ERL U1164, Biological Adaptation and Ageing, Sorbonne Université, 75005 Paris, France; (M.-A.G.); (J.-F.D.)
| | - Mathias Mericskay
- INSERM UMR-S 1180, Signalling and Cardiovascular Pathophysiology, Université Paris-Saclay, 92296 Châtenay-Malabry, France;
| | - Zhenlin Li
- Institut de Biologie Paris-Seine (IBPS), CNRS UMR 8256, INSERM ERL U1164, Biological Adaptation and Ageing, Sorbonne Université, 75005 Paris, France; (M.-A.G.); (J.-F.D.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +33-1-44-27-21-36
| | - Jean-François Decaux
- Institut de Biologie Paris-Seine (IBPS), CNRS UMR 8256, INSERM ERL U1164, Biological Adaptation and Ageing, Sorbonne Université, 75005 Paris, France; (M.-A.G.); (J.-F.D.)
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35
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Gunasekaran S, Miyagawa Y, Miyamoto K. Actin nucleoskeleton in embryonic development and cellular differentiation. Curr Opin Cell Biol 2022; 76:102100. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ceb.2022.102100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Revised: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Wu W, Xing X, Wang M, Feng Y, Wietek N, Chong K, El-Sahhar S, Ahmed AA, Zang R, Zheng Y. Investigation of the Potential Mechanisms Underlying Nuclear F-Actin Organization in Ovarian Cancer Cells by High-Throughput Screening in Combination With Deep Learning. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:869531. [PMID: 35693931 PMCID: PMC9178185 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.869531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasing evidence supports the notion that filamentous actin (F-actin) and globular actin exist in the nuclei of somatic cells, and are involved in chromatin remodeling, gene transcription regulation and DNA damage repair. However, the underlying mechanisms of how nuclear F-actin are polymerized in cells remain incompletely understood. Here, we identify potential kinase targets that participate in nuclear F-actin polymerization in ovarian cancer cells using small-molecule inhibitor library screening in combination with a deep learning approach. The analysis of the targets of the inhibitors used in this study suggest that the PI3K-AKT pathway are involved in regulating nuclear F-actin organization in ovarian cancer cells. Our work lays the foundation for uncovering the important roles of nuclear F-actin in the context of ovarian cancer, and for understanding how nuclear F-actin structures are organized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wu
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoxia Xing
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Mingyang Wang
- School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yinzhou Feng
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Nina Wietek
- Ovarian Cancer Cell Laboratory, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Nuffield Department of Women’s & Reproductive Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Kay Chong
- Ovarian Cancer Cell Laboratory, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Nuffield Department of Women’s & Reproductive Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Salma El-Sahhar
- Ovarian Cancer Cell Laboratory, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Nuffield Department of Women’s & Reproductive Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Ahmed Ashour Ahmed
- Ovarian Cancer Cell Laboratory, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Nuffield Department of Women’s & Reproductive Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- *Correspondence: Ahmed Ashour Ahmed, ; Rongyu Zang, ; Yiyan Zheng,
| | - Rongyu Zang
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Ahmed Ashour Ahmed, ; Rongyu Zang, ; Yiyan Zheng,
| | - Yiyan Zheng
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Ahmed Ashour Ahmed, ; Rongyu Zang, ; Yiyan Zheng,
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Dupont S, Wickström SA. Mechanical regulation of chromatin and transcription. Nat Rev Genet 2022; 23:624-643. [DOI: 10.1038/s41576-022-00493-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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Huang Q, Wu D, Zhao J, Yan Z, Chen L, Guo S, Wang D, Yuan C, Wang Y, Liu X, Xing J. TFAM loss induces nuclear actin assembly upon mDia2 malonylation to promote liver cancer metastasis. EMBO J 2022; 41:e110324. [PMID: 35451091 PMCID: PMC9156967 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2021110324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Revised: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The mechanisms underlying cancer metastasis remain poorly understood. Here, we report that TFAM deficiency rapidly and stably induced spontaneous lung metastasis in mice with liver cancer. Interestingly, unexpected polymerization of nuclear actin was observed in TFAM-knockdown HCC cells when cytoskeleton was examined. Polymerization of nuclear actin is causally linked to the high-metastatic ability of HCC cells by modulating chromatin accessibility and coordinating the expression of genes associated with extracellular matrix remodeling, angiogenesis, and cell migration. Mechanistically, TFAM deficiency blocked the TCA cycle and increased the intracellular malonyl-CoA levels. Malonylation of mDia2, which drives actin assembly, promotes its nuclear translocation. Importantly, inhibition of malonyl-CoA production or nuclear actin polymerization significantly impeded the spread of HCC cells in mice. Moreover, TFAM was significantly downregulated in metastatic HCC tissues and was associated with overall survival and time to tumor recurrence of HCC patients. Taken together, our study connects mitochondria to the metastasis of human cancer via uncovered mitochondria-to-nucleus retrograde signaling, indicating that TFAM may serve as an effective target to block HCC metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qichao Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Dan Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jing Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Zeyu Yan
- Department of General Surgery, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Lin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Shanshan Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Dalin Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Chong Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yinping Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xiaoli Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jinliang Xing
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
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Cyclic-AMP Increases Nuclear Actin Monomer Which Promotes Proteasomal Degradation of RelA/p65 Leading to Anti-Inflammatory Effects. Cells 2022; 11:cells11091414. [PMID: 35563720 PMCID: PMC9101168 DOI: 10.3390/cells11091414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Revised: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The second messenger, cAMP has potent immunosuppressive and anti-inflammatory actions. These have been attributed, in part, to the ability of cAMP-induced signals to interfere with the function of the proinflammatory transcription factor Nuclear Factor-kappa B (NF-κB). However, the mechanisms underlying the modulation of NF-κB activity by cAMP remain unclear. Here we demonstrate an important role for cAMP-mediated increase in nuclear actin monomer levels in inhibiting NF-κB activity. Elevated cAMP or forced expression of a nuclear localised polymerisation defective actin mutant (NLS-ActinR62D) inhibited basal and TNFα induced mRNA levels of NF-κB-dependent genes and NF-κB-dependent reporter gene activity. Elevated cAMP or NLS-ActinR62D did not affect NF-κB nuclear translocation but did reduce total cellular and nuclear RelA/p65 levels. Preventing the cAMP-induced increase in nuclear actin monomer, either by expressing a nuclear localised active mutant of the actin polymerising protein mDIA, silencing components of the nuclear actin import complex IPO9 and CFL1 or overexpressing the nuclear export complex XPO6, rescued RelA/p65 levels and NF-κB reporter gene activity in forskolin-stimulated cells. Elevated cAMP or NLS-ActinR62D reduced the half-life of RelA/p65, which was reversed by the proteasome inhibitor MG132. Accordingly, forskolin stimulated association of RelA/p65 with ubiquitin affinity beads, indicating increased ubiquitination of RelA/p65 or associated proteins. Taken together, our data demonstrate a novel mechanism underlying the anti-inflammatory effects of cAMP and highlight the important role played by nuclear actin in the regulation of inflammation.
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40
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Echarri A. A Multisensory Network Drives Nuclear Mechanoadaptation. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12030404. [PMID: 35327596 PMCID: PMC8945967 DOI: 10.3390/biom12030404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Cells have adapted to mechanical forces early in evolution and have developed multiple mechanisms ensuring sensing of, and adaptation to, the diversity of forces operating outside and within organisms. The nucleus must necessarily adapt to all types of mechanical signals, as its functions are essential for virtually all cell processes, many of which are tuned by mechanical cues. To sense forces, the nucleus is physically connected with the cytoskeleton, which senses and transmits forces generated outside and inside the cell. The nuclear LINC complex bridges the cytoskeleton and the nuclear lamina to transmit mechanical information up to the chromatin. This system creates a force-sensing macromolecular complex that, however, is not sufficient to regulate all nuclear mechanoadaptation processes. Within the nucleus, additional mechanosensitive structures, including the nuclear envelope and the nuclear pore complex, function to regulate nuclear mechanoadaptation. Similarly, extra nuclear mechanosensitive systems based on plasma membrane dynamics, mechanotransduce information to the nucleus. Thus, the nucleus has the intrinsic structural components needed to receive and interpret mechanical inputs, but also rely on extra nuclear mechano-sensors that activate nuclear regulators in response to force. Thus, a network of mechanosensitive cell structures ensures that the nucleus has a tunable response to mechanical cues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asier Echarri
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Mechanoadaptation and Caveolae Biology Laboratory, Areas of Cell & Developmental Biology, Calle Melchor Fernández Almagro, 3, 28029 Madrid, Spain
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41
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Sidorenko E, Sokolova M, Pennanen AP, Kyheröinen S, Posern G, Foisner R, Vartiainen MK. Lamina-associated polypeptide 2α is required for intranuclear MRTF-A activity. Sci Rep 2022; 12:2306. [PMID: 35145145 PMCID: PMC8831594 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-06135-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Myocardin-related transcription factor A (MRTF-A), a coactivator of serum response factor (SRF), regulates the expression of many cytoskeletal genes in response to cytoplasmic and nuclear actin dynamics. Here we describe a novel mechanism to regulate MRTF-A activity within the nucleus by showing that lamina-associated polypeptide 2α (Lap2α), the nucleoplasmic isoform of Lap2, is a direct binding partner of MRTF-A, and required for the efficient expression of MRTF-A/SRF target genes. Mechanistically, Lap2α is not required for MRTF-A nuclear localization, unlike most other MRTF-A regulators, but is required for efficient recruitment of MRTF-A to its target genes. This regulatory step takes place prior to MRTF-A chromatin binding, because Lap2α neither interacts with, nor specifically influences active histone marks on MRTF-A/SRF target genes. Phenotypically, Lap2α is required for serum-induced cell migration, and deregulated MRTF-A activity may also contribute to muscle and proliferation phenotypes associated with loss of Lap2α. Our studies therefore add another regulatory layer to the control of MRTF-A-SRF-mediated gene expression, and broaden the role of Lap2α in transcriptional regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maria Sokolova
- Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Antti P Pennanen
- Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Salla Kyheröinen
- Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Guido Posern
- Institute for Physiological Chemistry, Medical Faculty, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - Roland Foisner
- Max Perutz Labs, Center for Medical Biochemistry, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna Biocenter Campus (VBC), Vienna, Austria
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42
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Rubin J, van Wijnen AJ, Uzer G. Architectural control of mesenchymal stem cell phenotype through nuclear actin. Nucleus 2022; 13:35-48. [PMID: 35133922 PMCID: PMC8837231 DOI: 10.1080/19491034.2022.2029297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
There is growing appreciation that architectural components of the nucleus regulate gene accessibility by altering chromatin organization. While nuclear membrane connector proteins link the mechanosensitive actin cytoskeleton to the nucleoskeleton, actin’s contribution to the inner architecture of the nucleus remains enigmatic. Control of actin transport into the nucleus, plus the presence of proteins that control actin structure (the actin tool-box) within the nucleus, suggests that nuclear actin may support biomechanical regulation of gene expression. Cellular actin structure is mechanoresponsive: actin cables generated through forces experienced at the plasma membrane transmit force into the nucleus. We posit that dynamic actin remodeling in response to such biomechanical cues provides a novel level of structural control over the epigenetic landscape. We here propose to bring awareness to the fact that mechanical forces can promote actin transfer into the nucleus and control structural arrangements as illustrated in mesenchymal stem cells, thereby modulating lineage commitment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janet Rubin
- Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Andre J van Wijnen
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Vermont Medical School, Burlington, Vt, USA
| | - Gunes Uzer
- Department of Mechanical & Biomedical Engineering, Boise State University, Boise, ID, USA
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43
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Scheffler K, Giannini F, Lemonnier T, Mogessie B. The prophase oocyte nucleus is a homeostatic G-actin buffer. J Cell Sci 2022; 135:274227. [PMID: 35112707 PMCID: PMC8977058 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.259807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Formation of healthy mammalian eggs from oocytes requires specialised F-actin structures. F-actin disruption produces aneuploid eggs, which are a leading cause of human embryo deaths, genetic disorders, and infertility. We found that oocytes contain prominent nuclear F-actin structures that are correlated with meiotic developmental capacity. We demonstrate that nuclear F-actin is a conserved feature of healthy mammalian oocytes and declines significantly with female reproductive ageing. Actin monomers used for nuclear F-actin assembly are sourced from an excess pool in the oocyte cytoplasm. Increasing monomeric G-actin transfer from the cytoplasm to the nucleus or directly enriching the nucleus with monomers leads to assembly of stable nuclear F-actin bundles that significantly restrict chromatin mobility. Conversely, reducing G-actin monomer transfer by blocking nuclear import triggers assembly of a dense cytoplasmic F-actin network that is incompatible with healthy oocyte development. Our data overall suggest that the large oocyte nucleus helps to maintain cytoplasmic F-actin organisation and that defects in this function could be linked with reproductive age-related female infertility.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Tom Lemonnier
- School of Biochemistry, University of Bristol, BS8 1TD, Bristol, UK
| | - Binyam Mogessie
- School of Biochemistry, University of Bristol, BS8 1TD, Bristol, UK.,Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
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44
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Abstract
Actin is a highly conserved protein in mammals. The actin dynamics is regulated by actin-binding proteins and actin-related proteins. Nuclear actin and these regulatory proteins participate in multiple nuclear processes, including chromosome architecture organization, chromatin remodeling, transcription machinery regulation, and DNA repair. It is well known that the dysfunctions of these processes contribute to the development of cancer. Moreover, emerging evidence has shown that the deregulated actin dynamics is also related to cancer. This chapter discusses how the deregulation of nuclear actin dynamics contributes to tumorigenesis via such various nuclear events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanjian Huang
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shengzhe Zhang
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jae-Il Park
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center and Health Science Center, Houston, TX, USA.
- Program in Genetics and Epigenetics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
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45
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Marco S, Neilson M, Moore M, Perez-Garcia A, Hall H, Mitchell L, Lilla S, Blanco GR, Hedley A, Zanivan S, Norman JC. Nuclear-capture of endosomes depletes nuclear G-actin to promote SRF/MRTF activation and cancer cell invasion. Nat Commun 2021; 12:6829. [PMID: 34819513 PMCID: PMC8613289 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-26839-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Signals are relayed from receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) at the cell surface to effector systems in the cytoplasm and nucleus, and coordination of this process is important for the execution of migratory phenotypes, such as cell scattering and invasion. The endosomal system influences how RTK signalling is coded, but the ways in which it transmits these signals to the nucleus to influence gene expression are not yet clear. Here we show that hepatocyte growth factor, an activator of MET (an RTK), promotes Rab17- and clathrin-dependent endocytosis of EphA2, another RTK, followed by centripetal transport of EphA2-positive endosomes. EphA2 then mediates physical capture of endosomes on the outer surface of the nucleus; a process involving interaction between the nuclear import machinery and a nuclear localisation sequence in EphA2's cytodomain. Nuclear capture of EphA2 promotes RhoG-dependent phosphorylation of the actin-binding protein, cofilin to oppose nuclear import of G-actin. The resulting depletion of nuclear G-actin drives transcription of Myocardin-related transcription factor (MRTF)/serum-response factor (SRF)-target genes to implement cell scattering and the invasive behaviour of cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergi Marco
- CRUK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, G61 1BD, Scotland, UK
| | | | | | - Arantxa Perez-Garcia
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G61 1QH, Scotland, UK
| | - Holly Hall
- CRUK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, G61 1BD, Scotland, UK
| | | | - Sergio Lilla
- CRUK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, G61 1BD, Scotland, UK
| | | | - Ann Hedley
- CRUK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, G61 1BD, Scotland, UK
| | - Sara Zanivan
- CRUK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, G61 1BD, Scotland, UK
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G61 1QH, Scotland, UK
| | - Jim C Norman
- CRUK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, G61 1BD, Scotland, UK.
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G61 1QH, Scotland, UK.
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46
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Yeh CF, Chou C, Yang KC. Mechanotransduction in fibrosis: Mechanisms and treatment targets. CURRENT TOPICS IN MEMBRANES 2021; 87:279-314. [PMID: 34696888 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ctm.2021.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
Abstract
To perceive and integrate the environmental cues, cells and tissues sense and interpret various physical forces like shear, tensile, and compression stress. Mechanotransduction involves the sensing and translation of mechanical forces into biochemical and mechanical signals to guide cell fate and achieve tissue homeostasis. Disruption of this mechanical homeostasis by tissue injury elicits multiple cellular responses leading to pathological matrix deposition and tissue stiffening, and consequent evolution toward pro-inflammatory/pro-fibrotic phenotypes, leading to tissue/organ fibrosis. This review focuses on the molecular mechanisms linking mechanotransduction to fibrosis and uncovers the potential therapeutic targets to halt or resolve fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Fan Yeh
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiovascular Center, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Department and Graduate Institute of Pharmacology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Caroline Chou
- Department and Graduate Institute of Pharmacology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan; Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Kai-Chien Yang
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiovascular Center, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Department and Graduate Institute of Pharmacology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan; Research Center for Developmental Biology & Regenerative Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan; Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan.
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47
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Manoilov KY, Verkhusha VV, Shcherbakova DM. A guide to the optogenetic regulation of endogenous molecules. Nat Methods 2021; 18:1027-1037. [PMID: 34446923 DOI: 10.1038/s41592-021-01240-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Genetically encoded tools for the regulation of endogenous molecules (RNA, DNA elements and protein) are needed to study and control biological processes with minimal interference caused by protein overexpression and overactivation of signaling pathways. Here we focus on light-controlled optogenetic tools (OTs) that allow spatiotemporally precise regulation of gene expression and protein function. To control endogenous molecules, OTs combine light-sensing modules from natural photoreceptors with specific protein or nucleic acid binders. We discuss OT designs and group OTs according to the principles of their regulation. We outline characteristics of OT performance, discuss considerations for their use in vivo and review available OTs and their applications in cells and in vivo. Finally, we provide a brief outlook on the development of OTs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyrylo Yu Manoilov
- Department of Anatomy and Structural Biology and Gruss-Lipper Biophotonics Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Vladislav V Verkhusha
- Department of Anatomy and Structural Biology and Gruss-Lipper Biophotonics Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA. .,Medicum, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland. .,Science Center for Genetics and Life Sciences, Sirius University of Science and Technology, Sochi, Russia.
| | - Daria M Shcherbakova
- Department of Anatomy and Structural Biology and Gruss-Lipper Biophotonics Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA.
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48
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Takagi T, Osumi M, Shinohara A. Ultrastructural analysis in yeast reveals a meiosis-specific actin-containing nuclear bundle. Commun Biol 2021; 4:1009. [PMID: 34433891 PMCID: PMC8387383 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-021-02545-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2019] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Actin polymerises to form filaments/cables for motility, transport, and the structural framework in a cell. Recent studies show that actin polymers are present not only in the cytoplasm but also in the nuclei of vertebrate cells. Here, we show, by electron microscopic observation with rapid freezing and high-pressure freezing, a unique bundled structure containing actin in the nuclei of budding yeast cells undergoing meiosis. The nuclear bundle during meiosis consists of multiple filaments with a rectangular lattice arrangement, often showing a feather-like appearance. The bundle was immunolabelled with an anti-actin antibody and was sensitive to an actin-depolymerising drug. Similar to cytoplasmic bundles, nuclear bundles are rarely seen in premeiotic cells and spores and are induced during meiotic prophase-I. The formation of the nuclear bundle is independent of DNA double-stranded breaks. We speculate that nuclear bundles containing actin play a role in nuclear events during meiotic prophase I.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoko Takagi
- Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan.,Laboratory of Electron Microscopy, Japan Women's University, Bunkyo, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Chemical and Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Japan Women's University, Bunkyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masako Osumi
- Department of Chemical and Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Japan Women's University, Bunkyo, Tokyo, Japan.,NPO: Integrated Imaging Research Support, Chiyoda, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akira Shinohara
- Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan.
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49
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Geng L, Shen J, Wang W. Circularly permuted AsLOV2 as an optogenetic module for engineering photoswitchable peptides. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:8051-8054. [PMID: 34291777 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc02643g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We re-engineered a commonly-used light-sensing protein, AsLOV2, using a circular permutation strategy to allow photoswitchable control of the C-terminus of a peptide. We demonstrate that the circularly permuted AsLOV2 can be used on its own or together with the original AsLOV2 for enhanced caging. In summary, circularly permuted AsLOV2 could expand the engineering capabilities of optogenetic tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lequn Geng
- Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA. and Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Jiaqi Shen
- Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA. and Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Wenjing Wang
- Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA. and Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
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50
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Record J, Saeed MB, Venit T, Percipalle P, Westerberg LS. Journey to the Center of the Cell: Cytoplasmic and Nuclear Actin in Immune Cell Functions. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:682294. [PMID: 34422807 PMCID: PMC8375500 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.682294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Actin cytoskeletal dynamics drive cellular shape changes, linking numerous cell functions to physiological and pathological cues. Mutations in actin regulators that are differentially expressed or enriched in immune cells cause severe human diseases known as primary immunodeficiencies underscoring the importance of efficienct actin remodeling in immune cell homeostasis. Here we discuss recent findings on how immune cells sense the mechanical properties of their environement. Moreover, while the organization and biochemical regulation of cytoplasmic actin have been extensively studied, nuclear actin reorganization is a rapidly emerging field that has only begun to be explored in immune cells. Based on the critical and multifaceted contributions of cytoplasmic actin in immune cell functionality, nuclear actin regulation is anticipated to have a large impact on our understanding of immune cell development and functionality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julien Record
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mezida B. Saeed
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Tomas Venit
- Science Division, Biology Program, New York University Abu Dhabi (NYUAD), Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Piergiorgio Percipalle
- Science Division, Biology Program, New York University Abu Dhabi (NYUAD), Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lisa S. Westerberg
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
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