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Wang X, Zhong F, Chen T, Wang H, Wang W, Jin H, Li C, Guo X, Liu Y, Zhang Y, Li B. Cholesterol neutralized vemurafenib treatment by promoting melanoma stem-like cells via its metabolite 27-hydroxycholesterol. Cell Mol Life Sci 2024; 81:226. [PMID: 38775844 PMCID: PMC11111659 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-024-05267-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2023] [Revised: 04/14/2024] [Accepted: 05/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Vemurafenib has been used as first-line therapy for unresectable or metastatic melanoma with BRAFV600E mutation. However, overall survival is still limited due to treatment resistance after about one year. Therefore, identifying new therapeutic targets for melanoma is crucial for improving clinical outcomes. In the present study, we found that lowering intracellular cholesterol by knocking down DHCR24, the limiting synthetase, impaired tumor cell proliferation and migration and abrogated the ability to xenotransplant tumors. More importantly, administration of DHCR24 or cholesterol mediated resistance to vemurafenib and promoted the growth of melanoma spheroids. Mechanistically, we identified that 27-hydroxycholesterol (27HC), a primary metabolite of cholesterol synthesized by the enzyme cytochrome P450 27A1 (CYP27A1), reproduces the phenotypes induced by DHCR24 or cholesterol administration and activates Rap1-PI3K/AKT signaling. Accordingly, CYP27A1 is highly expressed in melanoma patients and upregulated by DHCR24 induction. Dafadine-A, a CYP27A1 inhibitor, attenuates cholesterol-induced growth of melanoma spheroids and abrogates the resistance property of vemurafenib-resistant melanoma cells. Finally, we confirmed that the effects of cholesterol on melanoma resistance require its metabolite 27HC through CYP27A1 catalysis, and that 27HC further upregulates Rap1A/Rap1B expression and increases AKT phosphorylation. Thus, our results suggest that targeting 27HC may be a useful strategy to overcome treatment resistance in metastatic melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohong Wang
- Liaoning Technology and Engineering Center for Tumor Immunology and Molecular Theranotics, Collaborative Innovation Center for Age-Related Disease, Life Science Institute of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, 121001, Liaoning, China
- College of Basic Medical Science, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, 121001, Liaoning, China
| | - Feiliang Zhong
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology of the Ministry of Education, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, 300457, People's Republic of China
| | - Tingting Chen
- School of Basic Medicine, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, 523808, Guangdong, China
| | - Hongbo Wang
- Liaoning Technology and Engineering Center for Tumor Immunology and Molecular Theranotics, Collaborative Innovation Center for Age-Related Disease, Life Science Institute of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, 121001, Liaoning, China
- College of Basic Medical Science, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, 121001, Liaoning, China
| | - Weifang Wang
- Liaoning Technology and Engineering Center for Tumor Immunology and Molecular Theranotics, Collaborative Innovation Center for Age-Related Disease, Life Science Institute of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, 121001, Liaoning, China
- College of Basic Medical Science, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, 121001, Liaoning, China
| | - Hongkai Jin
- Liaoning Technology and Engineering Center for Tumor Immunology and Molecular Theranotics, Collaborative Innovation Center for Age-Related Disease, Life Science Institute of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, 121001, Liaoning, China
| | - Chouyang Li
- College of Basic Medical Science, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, 121001, Liaoning, China
| | - Xuan Guo
- Liaoning Technology and Engineering Center for Tumor Immunology and Molecular Theranotics, Collaborative Innovation Center for Age-Related Disease, Life Science Institute of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, 121001, Liaoning, China
- College of Basic Medical Science, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, 121001, Liaoning, China
| | - Ying Liu
- Liaoning Technology and Engineering Center for Tumor Immunology and Molecular Theranotics, Collaborative Innovation Center for Age-Related Disease, Life Science Institute of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, 121001, Liaoning, China
- College of Basic Medical Science, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, 121001, Liaoning, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Liaoning Technology and Engineering Center for Tumor Immunology and Molecular Theranotics, Collaborative Innovation Center for Age-Related Disease, Life Science Institute of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, 121001, Liaoning, China.
- College of Basic Medical Science, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, 121001, Liaoning, China.
| | - Bo Li
- Liaoning Technology and Engineering Center for Tumor Immunology and Molecular Theranotics, Collaborative Innovation Center for Age-Related Disease, Life Science Institute of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, 121001, Liaoning, China.
- College of Basic Medical Science, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, 121001, Liaoning, China.
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Gu L, Pillay RP, Aronson R, Kaur M. Cholesteryl ester transfer protein knock-down in conjunction with a cholesterol-depleting agent decreases tamoxifen resistance in breast cancer cells. IUBMB Life 2024. [PMID: 38733508 DOI: 10.1002/iub.2823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024]
Abstract
The cholesterogenic phenotype, encompassing de novo biosynthesis and accumulation of cholesterol, aids cancer cell proliferation and survival. Previously, the role of cholesteryl ester (CE) transfer protein (CETP) has been implicated in breast cancer aggressiveness, but the molecular basis of this observation is not clearly understood, which this study aims to elucidate. CETP knock-down resulted in a >50% decrease in cell proliferation in both 'estrogen receptor-positive' (ER+; Michigan Cancer Foundation-7 (MCF7) breast cancer cells) and 'triple-negative' breast cancer (TNBC; MDA-MB-231) cell lines. Intriguingly, the abrogation of CETP together with the combination treatment of tamoxifen (5 μM) and acetyl plumbagin (a cholesterol-depleting agent) (5 μM) resulted in twofold to threefold increase in apoptosis in both cell lines. CETP knockdown also showed decreased intracellular CE levels, lipid raft and lipid droplets in both cell lines. In addition, RT2 Profiler PCR array (Qiagen, Germany)-based gene expression analysis revealed an overall downregulation of genes associated in cholesterol biosynthesis, lipid signalling and drug resistance in MCF7 cells post-CETP knock-down. On the contrary, resistance in MDA-MB-231 cells was reduced through increased expression in cholesterol efflux genes and the expression of targetable surface receptors by endocrine therapy. The pilot xenograft mice study substantiated CETP's role as a cancer survival gene as knock-down of CETP stunted the growth of TNBC tumour by 86%. The principal findings of this study potentiate CETP as a driver in breast cancer growth and aggressiveness and thus targeting CETP could limit drug resistance via the reduction in cholesterol accumulation in breast cancer cells, thereby reducing cancer aggressiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Gu
- Department of School of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Ruvesh Pascal Pillay
- Department of School of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Ruth Aronson
- Department of School of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Mandeep Kaur
- Department of School of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
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3
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Pan B, Kang J, Zheng R, Wei C, Zhi Y. Molecular mechanism of ferroptosis and its application in the treatment of clear cell renal cell carcinoma. Pathol Res Pract 2024; 260:155324. [PMID: 38905897 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2024.155324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2024] [Revised: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 06/23/2024]
Abstract
Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is a common malignant tumor of the urinary tract, the incidence of which is continuously increasing and affects human health worldwide. Despite advances in existing treatments, treatment outcomes still need to be improved due to higher rates of postoperative recurrence, chemotherapy resistance, etc.; thus, there is an urgent need for innovative therapeutic approaches. Ferroptosis is a recently found type of regulated cell death that is characterized primarily by the buildup of lipid peroxidation products and fatal reactive oxygen species created by iron metabolism, which plays a crucial role in tumor progression and therapy.With the molecular mechanisms associated with ferroptosis being increasingly studied and refined, triggering ferroptosis by regulators that target ferroptosis and ccRCC may be the key to developing potential therapeutic strategies for ccRCC. Therefore, ferroptosis is expected to be a new breakthrough in treating ccRCC. This paper examines the mechanism of ferroptosis, the regulatory mechanism of ferroptosis in ccRCC, and the potential application of ferroptosis in combination with other therapies for the treatment of ccRCC. The goal is to offer novel perspectives for the research and clinical application of ferroptosis in the treatment of ccRCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beifen Pan
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, China; National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, China; Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Jiali Kang
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, China; National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, China; Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Rongxin Zheng
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, China; National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, China; Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Cuiping Wei
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, China; National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, China; Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Yong Zhi
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, China; National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, China.
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4
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Zhan ZQ, Chen YZ, Huang ZM, Luo YH, Zeng JJ, Wang Y, Tan J, Chen YX, Fang JY. Metabolic syndrome, its components, and gastrointestinal cancer risk: a meta-analysis of 31 prospective cohorts and Mendelian randomization study. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2024; 39:630-641. [PMID: 38230882 DOI: 10.1111/jgh.16477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Cohort studies have linked metabolic syndrome (MetS) to gastrointestinal (GI) cancer risk. We aimed to evaluate the associations between MetS, its components, and combinations of MetS components with eight GI cancers risk. METHODS We conducted a systematic search of prospective cohort studies and performed a meta-analysis. Subgroup analyses regarding diagnostic criteria, sex, cancer sites, histological subtypes, ethnic groups, and studies adjusted for alcohol consumption were carried out. Mendelian randomization (MR) was employed to evaluate the causality between 17 MetS-related traits and eight GI cancers among Europeans and Asians separately. RESULTS Meta-analyses of 31 prospective studies indicated that MetS was significantly associated with an increased risk of colorectal cancer (CRC) (RR [95% CI] = 1.13 [1.12-1.15]), esophageal cancer (EC) (RR [95% CI] = 1.17 [1.03-1.32]), gallbladder cancer (GBC) (RR [95% CI] = 1.37[1.10-1.71]), liver cancer (LC) (RR [95% CI] = 1.46 [1.29-1.64]), and pancreatic cancer (PaC) (RR [95% CI] = 1.25 [1.20-1.30]), but not gastric cancer (GC) (RR [95% CI] = 1.11 [0.96-1.28]). Regarding the associations between MetS components and GI cancers risk, the following associations showed statistical significance: obesity-CRC/LC/EC/, hypertriglyceridemia-LC/PaC, reduced high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-CRC/LC/GC/PaC, hyperglycemia-CRC/LC/PaC, and hypertension-CRC/LC/EC/PaC. Sex-specific associations were observed between individual MetS components on GI cancers risk. Among the top three common combinations in both sexes, obesity + HTN + hyperglycemia had the strongest association with CRC risk (RR [95% CI] = 1.54 [1.49-1.61] for males and 1.27 [1.21-1.33] for females). MR analyses revealed causality in 16 exposure-outcome pairs: waist-to-hip ratio/BMI/HbA1c-CRC; BMI/childhood obesity/waist circumference/T2DM/glucose-EC; BMI/waist circumference/cholesterol-LC; cholesterol/childhood obesity/waist circumference/HbA1c-PaC; and HbA1c-GBC. These results were robust against sensitivity analyses. CONCLUSIONS Since MetS is reversible, lifestyle changes or medical interventions targeting MetS patients might be potential prevention strategies for GI cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Qing Zhan
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology; Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease; NHC Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases; State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes; Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying-Zhou Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, China
| | - Ze-Min Huang
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yu-Hua Luo
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jia-Jian Zeng
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ye Wang
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology; Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease; NHC Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases; State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes; Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Juan Tan
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology; Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease; NHC Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases; State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes; Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying-Xuan Chen
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology; Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease; NHC Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases; State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes; Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing-Yuan Fang
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology; Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease; NHC Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases; State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes; Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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5
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Bai Y, Li T, Wang Q, You W, Yang H, Xu X, Li Z, Zhang Y, Yan C, Yang L, Qiu J, Liu Y, Chen S, Wang D, Huang B, Liu K, Song BL, Wang Z, Li K, Liu X, Wang G, Yang W, Chen J, Hao P, Zhang Z, Wang Z, Zhu ZJ, Xu C. Shaping immune landscape of colorectal cancer by cholesterol metabolites. EMBO Mol Med 2024; 16:334-360. [PMID: 38177537 PMCID: PMC10897227 DOI: 10.1038/s44321-023-00015-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Revised: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Cancer immunotherapies have achieved unprecedented success in clinic, but they remain largely ineffective in some major types of cancer, such as colorectal cancer with microsatellite stability (MSS CRC). It is therefore important to study tumor microenvironment of resistant cancers for developing new intervention strategies. In this study, we identify a metabolic cue that determines the unique immune landscape of MSS CRC. Through secretion of distal cholesterol precursors, which directly activate RORγt, MSS CRC cells can polarize T cells toward Th17 cells that have well-characterized pro-tumor functions in colorectal cancer. Analysis of large human cancer cohorts revealed an asynchronous pattern of the cholesterol biosynthesis in MSS CRC, which is responsible for the abnormal accumulation of distal cholesterol precursors. Inhibiting the cholesterol biosynthesis enzyme Cyp51, by pharmacological or genetic interventions, reduced the levels of intratumoral distal cholesterol precursors and suppressed tumor progression through a Th17-modulation mechanism in preclinical MSS CRC models. Our study therefore reveals a novel mechanism of cancer-immune interaction and an intervention strategy for the difficult-to-treat MSS CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yibing Bai
- CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Tongzhou Li
- Interdisciplinary Research Center on Biology and Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Qinshu Wang
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
| | - Weiqiang You
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Haochen Yang
- CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Xintian Xu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Ziyi Li
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Genomics, BIOPIC and School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Chengsong Yan
- CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Lei Yang
- CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiaqian Qiu
- Interdisciplinary Research Center on Biology and Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuanhua Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Shiyang Chen
- CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Dongfang Wang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Genomics, BIOPIC and School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Binlu Huang
- CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Kexin Liu
- CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Bao- Liang Song
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhuozhong Wang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Kang Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Xin Liu
- CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Guangchuan Wang
- CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Weiwei Yang
- CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianfeng Chen
- CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Pei Hao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Zemin Zhang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Genomics, BIOPIC and School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhigang Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China.
| | - Zheng-Jiang Zhu
- Interdisciplinary Research Center on Biology and Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.
| | - Chenqi Xu
- CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China.
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de Medina P, Ayadi S, Diallo K, Buñay J, Pucheu L, Soulès R, Record M, Brillouet S, Vija L, Courbon F, Silvente-Poirot S, Poirot M. The Cholesterol-5,6-Epoxide Hydrolase: A Metabolic Checkpoint in Several Diseases. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2024; 1440:149-161. [PMID: 38036879 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-43883-7_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
Cholesterol-5,6-epoxides (5,6-ECs) are oxysterols (OS) that have been linked to several pathologies including cancers and neurodegenerative diseases. 5,6-ECs can be produced from cholesterol by several mechanisms including reactive oxygen species, lipoperoxidation, and cytochrome P450 enzymes. 5,6-ECs exist as two different diastereoisomers: 5,6α-EC and 5,6β-EC with different metabolic fates. They can be produced as a mixture or as single products of epoxidation. The epoxide ring of 5,6α-EC and 5,6β-EC is very stable and 5,6-ECs are prone to hydration by the cholesterol-5,6-epoxide hydrolase (ChEH) to give cholestane-3β,5α,6β-triol, which can be further oxidized into oncosterone. 5,6α-EC is prone to chemical and enzymatic conjugation reactions leading to bioactive compounds such as dendrogenins, highlighting the existence of a new metabolic branch on the cholesterol pathway centered on 5,6α-EC. We will summarize in this chapter current knowledge on this pathway which is controlled by the ChEH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philippe de Medina
- Cancer Research Center of Toulouse (CRCT), Inserm, CNRS, University of Toulouse, Team INOV: "Cholesterol Metabolism and Therapeutic Innovations", Toulouse, France
- Equipe labellisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Toulouse, France
- French Network for Nutrition Physical Activity and Cancer Research (NACRe Network), Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Silia Ayadi
- Cancer Research Center of Toulouse (CRCT), Inserm, CNRS, University of Toulouse, Team INOV: "Cholesterol Metabolism and Therapeutic Innovations", Toulouse, France
- Equipe labellisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Toulouse, France
- French Network for Nutrition Physical Activity and Cancer Research (NACRe Network), Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Khadijetou Diallo
- Cancer Research Center of Toulouse (CRCT), Inserm, CNRS, University of Toulouse, Team INOV: "Cholesterol Metabolism and Therapeutic Innovations", Toulouse, France
- Equipe labellisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Toulouse, France
- French Network for Nutrition Physical Activity and Cancer Research (NACRe Network), Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Julio Buñay
- Cancer Research Center of Toulouse (CRCT), Inserm, CNRS, University of Toulouse, Team INOV: "Cholesterol Metabolism and Therapeutic Innovations", Toulouse, France
- Equipe labellisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Toulouse, France
- French Network for Nutrition Physical Activity and Cancer Research (NACRe Network), Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Laly Pucheu
- Cancer Research Center of Toulouse (CRCT), Inserm, CNRS, University of Toulouse, Team INOV: "Cholesterol Metabolism and Therapeutic Innovations", Toulouse, France
- Equipe labellisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Toulouse, France
- French Network for Nutrition Physical Activity and Cancer Research (NACRe Network), Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Regis Soulès
- Cancer Research Center of Toulouse (CRCT), Inserm, CNRS, University of Toulouse, Team INOV: "Cholesterol Metabolism and Therapeutic Innovations", Toulouse, France
- Equipe labellisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Toulouse, France
- French Network for Nutrition Physical Activity and Cancer Research (NACRe Network), Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Michel Record
- Cancer Research Center of Toulouse (CRCT), Inserm, CNRS, University of Toulouse, Team INOV: "Cholesterol Metabolism and Therapeutic Innovations", Toulouse, France
- Equipe labellisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Toulouse, France
- French Network for Nutrition Physical Activity and Cancer Research (NACRe Network), Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Severine Brillouet
- Cancer Research Center of Toulouse (CRCT), Inserm, CNRS, University of Toulouse, Team INOV: "Cholesterol Metabolism and Therapeutic Innovations", Toulouse, France
- Equipe labellisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Toulouse, France
- French Network for Nutrition Physical Activity and Cancer Research (NACRe Network), Jouy-en-Josas, France
- Department of Radiopharmacy, Institut Universitaire du Cancer Toulouse - Oncopole, Toulouse, France
| | - Lavinia Vija
- Cancer Research Center of Toulouse (CRCT), Inserm, CNRS, University of Toulouse, Team INOV: "Cholesterol Metabolism and Therapeutic Innovations", Toulouse, France
- Equipe labellisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Toulouse, France
- French Network for Nutrition Physical Activity and Cancer Research (NACRe Network), Jouy-en-Josas, France
- Department of Medical Imaging, Institut Universitaire du Cancer Toulouse - Oncopole, Toulouse, France
| | - Frederic Courbon
- Cancer Research Center of Toulouse (CRCT), Inserm, CNRS, University of Toulouse, Team INOV: "Cholesterol Metabolism and Therapeutic Innovations", Toulouse, France
- Equipe labellisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Toulouse, France
- French Network for Nutrition Physical Activity and Cancer Research (NACRe Network), Jouy-en-Josas, France
- Department of Medical Imaging, Institut Universitaire du Cancer Toulouse - Oncopole, Toulouse, France
| | - Sandrine Silvente-Poirot
- Cancer Research Center of Toulouse (CRCT), Inserm, CNRS, University of Toulouse, Team INOV: "Cholesterol Metabolism and Therapeutic Innovations", Toulouse, France
- Equipe labellisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Toulouse, France
- French Network for Nutrition Physical Activity and Cancer Research (NACRe Network), Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Marc Poirot
- Cancer Research Center of Toulouse (CRCT), Inserm, CNRS, University of Toulouse, Team INOV: "Cholesterol Metabolism and Therapeutic Innovations", Toulouse, France.
- Equipe labellisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Toulouse, France.
- French Network for Nutrition Physical Activity and Cancer Research (NACRe Network), Jouy-en-Josas, France.
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7
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Ghosh S, Ghzaiel I, Vejux A, Meaney S, Nag S, Lizard G, Tripathi G, Naez F, Paul S. Impact of Oxysterols in Age-Related Disorders and Strategies to Alleviate Adverse Effects. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2024; 1440:163-191. [PMID: 38036880 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-43883-7_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
Oxysterols or cholesterol oxidation products are a class of molecules with the sterol moiety, derived from oxidative reaction of cholesterol through enzymatic and non-enzymatic processes. They are widely reported in animal-origin foods and prove significant involvement in the regulation of cholesterol homeostasis, lipid transport, cellular signaling, and other physiological processes. Reports of oxysterol-mediated cytotoxicity are in abundance and thus consequently implicated in several age-related and lifestyle disorders such as cardiovascular diseases, bone disorders, pancreatic disorders, age-related macular degeneration, cataract, neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease, and some types of cancers. In this chapter, we attempt to review a selection of physiologically relevant oxysterols, with a focus on their formation, properties, and roles in health and disease, while also delving into the potential of natural and synthetic molecules along with bacterial enzymes for mitigating oxysterol-mediated cell damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shubhrima Ghosh
- Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 8, Ireland
| | - Imen Ghzaiel
- Bio-PeroxIL Laboratory, EA7270, University of Bourgogne & Inserm, Dijon, France
- Faculty of Medicine, Laboratory 'Nutrition, Functional Food and Vascular Health' (LR12ES05), University of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Anne Vejux
- Bio-PeroxIL Laboratory, EA7270, University of Bourgogne & Inserm, Dijon, France
| | - Steve Meaney
- School of Biological, Health and Sports Sciences, Technological University Dublin, Dublin 7, Ireland
| | - Sagnik Nag
- Department of Bio-Sciences, School of Biosciences & Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Gérard Lizard
- Bio-PeroxIL Laboratory, EA7270, University of Bourgogne & Inserm, Dijon, France
| | - Garima Tripathi
- Department of Bio-Sciences, School of Biosciences & Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Falal Naez
- Department of Microbiology, Vijaygarh Jyotish Ray College, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, India
| | - Srijita Paul
- Department of Microbiology, Gurudas College, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
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8
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Wang S, Link F, Han M, Chaudhary R, Asimakopoulos A, Liebe R, Yao Y, Hammad S, Dropmann A, Krizanac M, Rubie C, Feiner LK, Glanemann M, Ebert MPA, Weiskirchen R, Henis YI, Ehrlich M, Dooley S. The Interplay of TGF-β1 and Cholesterol Orchestrating Hepatocyte Cell Fate, EMT, and Signals for HSC Activation. Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol 2023; 17:567-587. [PMID: 38154598 PMCID: PMC10883985 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2023.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) plays important roles in chronic liver diseases, including metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD). MASLD involves various biological processes including dysfunctional cholesterol metabolism and contributes to progression to metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis and hepatocellular carcinoma. However, the reciprocal regulation of TGF-β1 signaling and cholesterol metabolism in MASLD is yet unknown. METHODS Changes in transcription of genes associated with cholesterol metabolism were assessed by RNA sequencing of murine hepatocyte cell line (alpha mouse liver 12/AML12) and mouse primary hepatocytes treated with TGF-β1. Functional assays were performed on AML12 cells (untreated, TGF-β1 treated, or subjected to cholesterol enrichment [CE] or cholesterol depletion [CD]), and on mice injected with adenovirus-associated virus 8-control/TGF-β1. RESULTS TGF-β1 inhibited messenger RNA expression of several cholesterol metabolism regulatory genes, including rate-limiting enzymes of cholesterol biosynthesis in AML12 cells, mouse primary hepatocytes, and adenovirus-associated virus-TGF-β1-treated mice. Total cholesterol levels and lipid droplet accumulation in AML12 cells and liver tissue also were reduced upon TGF-β1 treatment. Smad2/3 phosphorylation after 2 hours of TGF-β1 treatment persisted after CE or CD and was mildly increased after CD, whereas TGF-β1-mediated AKT phosphorylation (30 min) was inhibited by CE. Furthermore, CE protected AML12 cells from several effects mediated by 72 hours of incubation with TGF-β1, including epithelial-mesenchymal transition, actin polymerization, and apoptosis. CD mimicked the outcome of long-term TGF-β1 administration, an effect that was blocked by an inhibitor of the type I TGF-β receptor. In addition, the supernatant of CE- or CD-treated AML12 cells inhibited or promoted, respectively, the activation of LX-2 hepatic stellate cells. CONCLUSIONS TGF-β1 inhibits cholesterol metabolism whereas cholesterol attenuates TGF-β1 downstream effects in hepatocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sai Wang
- Department of Medicine II, University Medical Center Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Frederik Link
- Department of Medicine II, University Medical Center Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Mei Han
- Department of Medicine II, University Medical Center Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany; Department of Internal Medicine, The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Roohi Chaudhary
- Shmunis School of Biomedicine and Cancer Research, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel; Department of Neurobiology, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Anastasia Asimakopoulos
- Institute of Molecular Pathobiochemistry, Experimental Gene Therapy and Clinical Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen, Germany
| | - Roman Liebe
- Clinic of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, Otto-von-Guericke-University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Ye Yao
- Department of Medicine II, University Medical Center Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Seddik Hammad
- Department of Medicine II, University Medical Center Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Anne Dropmann
- Department of Medicine II, University Medical Center Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Marinela Krizanac
- Institute of Molecular Pathobiochemistry, Experimental Gene Therapy and Clinical Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen, Germany
| | - Claudia Rubie
- Department of General, Visceral, Vascular and Pediatric Surgery, Saarland University, Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - Laura Kim Feiner
- Department of General, Visceral, Vascular and Pediatric Surgery, Saarland University, Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - Matthias Glanemann
- Department of General, Visceral, Vascular and Pediatric Surgery, Saarland University, Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - Matthias P A Ebert
- Department of Medicine II, University Medical Center Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany; Mannheim Institute for Innate Immunoscience, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany; Clinical Cooperation Unit Healthy Metabolism, Center of Preventive Medicine and Digital Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Ralf Weiskirchen
- Institute of Molecular Pathobiochemistry, Experimental Gene Therapy and Clinical Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen, Germany
| | - Yoav I Henis
- Department of Neurobiology, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Marcelo Ehrlich
- Shmunis School of Biomedicine and Cancer Research, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Steven Dooley
- Department of Medicine II, University Medical Center Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany.
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9
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Ayadi S, Friedrichs S, Soulès R, Pucheu L, Lütjohann D, Silvente-Poirot S, Poirot M, de Medina P. 27-Hydroxylation of oncosterone by CYP27A1 switches its activity from pro-tumor to anti-tumor. J Lipid Res 2023; 64:100479. [PMID: 37981011 PMCID: PMC10770617 DOI: 10.1016/j.jlr.2023.100479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Revised: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Oncosterone (6-oxo-cholestane-3β,5α-diol; OCDO) is an oncometabolite and a tumor promoter on estrogen receptor alpha-positive breast cancer (ER(+) BC) and triple-negative breast cancers (TN BC). OCDO is an oxysterol formed in three steps from cholesterol: 1) oxygen addition at the double bond to give α- or β- isomers of 5,6-epoxycholestanols (5,6-EC), 2) hydrolyses of the epoxide ring of 5,6-ECs to give cholestane-3β,5α,6β-triol (CT), and 3) oxidation of the C6 hydroxyl of CT to give OCDO. On the other hand, cholesterol can be hydroxylated by CYP27A1 at the ultimate methyl carbon of its side chain to give 27-hydroxycholesterol ((25R)-Cholest-5-ene-3beta,26-diol, 27HC), which is a tumor promoter for ER(+) BC. It is currently unknown whether OCDO and its precursors can be hydroxylated at position C27 by CYP27A1, as is the impact of such modification on the proliferation of ER(+) and TN BC cells. We investigated, herein, whether 27H-5,6-ECs ((25R)-5,6-epoxycholestan-3β,26-diol), 27H-CT ((25R)-cholestane-3β,5α,6β,26-tetrol) and 27H-OCDO ((25R)-cholestane-6-oxo-3β,5α,26-triol) exist as metabolites and can be produced by cells expressing CYP27A1. We report, for the first time, that these compounds exist as metabolites in humans. We give pharmacological and genetic evidence that CYP27A1 is responsible for their production. Importantly, we found that 27-hydroxy-OCDO (27H-OCDO) inhibits BC cell proliferation and blocks OCDO and 27-HC-induced proliferation in BC cells, showing that this metabolic conversion commutes the proliferative properties of OCDO into antiproliferative ones. These data suggest an unprecedented role of CYP27A1 in the control of breast carcinogenesis by inhibiting the tumor promoter activities of oncosterone and 27-HC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silia Ayadi
- Cancer Research Center of Toulouse (CRCT), Inserm, CNRS, University of Toulouse, Team INOV:"Cholesterol Metabolism and Therapeutic Innovations", Toulouse, France; Equipe labellisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Toulouse, France; French Network for Nutrition Physical Acitivity and Cancer Research (NACRe network), Jouy en Josas, France
| | - Silvia Friedrichs
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Regis Soulès
- Cancer Research Center of Toulouse (CRCT), Inserm, CNRS, University of Toulouse, Team INOV:"Cholesterol Metabolism and Therapeutic Innovations", Toulouse, France; Equipe labellisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Toulouse, France; French Network for Nutrition Physical Acitivity and Cancer Research (NACRe network), Jouy en Josas, France
| | - Laly Pucheu
- Cancer Research Center of Toulouse (CRCT), Inserm, CNRS, University of Toulouse, Team INOV:"Cholesterol Metabolism and Therapeutic Innovations", Toulouse, France; Equipe labellisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Toulouse, France; French Network for Nutrition Physical Acitivity and Cancer Research (NACRe network), Jouy en Josas, France
| | - Dieter Lütjohann
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Sandrine Silvente-Poirot
- Cancer Research Center of Toulouse (CRCT), Inserm, CNRS, University of Toulouse, Team INOV:"Cholesterol Metabolism and Therapeutic Innovations", Toulouse, France.
| | - Marc Poirot
- Cancer Research Center of Toulouse (CRCT), Inserm, CNRS, University of Toulouse, Team INOV:"Cholesterol Metabolism and Therapeutic Innovations", Toulouse, France; Equipe labellisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Toulouse, France; French Network for Nutrition Physical Acitivity and Cancer Research (NACRe network), Jouy en Josas, France.
| | - Philippe de Medina
- Cancer Research Center of Toulouse (CRCT), Inserm, CNRS, University of Toulouse, Team INOV:"Cholesterol Metabolism and Therapeutic Innovations", Toulouse, France; Equipe labellisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Toulouse, France; French Network for Nutrition Physical Acitivity and Cancer Research (NACRe network), Jouy en Josas, France.
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10
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Manna PR, Yang S, Reddy PH. Epigenetic Dysregulation and Its Correlation with the Steroidogenic Machinery Impacting Breast Pathogenesis: Data Mining and Molecular Insights into Therapeutics. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16488. [PMID: 38003678 PMCID: PMC10671690 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242216488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) is a heterogeneous condition and comprises molecularly distinct subtypes. An imbalance in the levels of epigenetic histone deacetylases (HDACs), modulating estrogen accumulation, especially 17β-estradiol (E2), promotes breast tumorigenesis. In the present study, analyses of The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) pan-cancer normalized RNA-Seq datasets revealed the dysregulation of 16 epigenetic enzymes (among a total of 18 members) in luminal BC subtypes, in comparison to their non-cancerous counterparts. Explicitly, genomic profiling of these epigenetic enzymes displayed increases in HDAC1, 2, 8, 10, 11, and Sirtuins (SIRTs) 6 and 7, and decreases in HDAC4-7, -9, and SIRT1-4 levels, respectively, in TCGA breast tumors. Kaplan-Meier plot analyses showed that these HDACs, with the exception of HDAC2 and SIRT2, were not correlated with the overall survival of BC patients. Additionally, disruption of the epigenetic signaling in TCGA BC subtypes, as assessed using both heatmaps and boxplots, was associated with the genomic expression of factors that are instrumental for cholesterol trafficking/utilization for accelerating estrogen/E2 levels, in which steroidogenic acute regulatory protein (STAR) mediates the rate-limiting step in steroid biosynthesis. TCGA breast samples showed diverse expression patterns of a variety of key steroidogenic markers and hormone receptors, including LIPE, CYP27A1, STAR, STARD3, CYP11A1, CYP19A1, ER, PGR, and ERBB2. Moreover, regulation of STAR-governed steroidogenic machinery was found to be influenced by various transcription factors, i.e., CREB1, CREM, SF1, NR4A1, CEBPB, SREBF1, SREBF2, SP1, FOS, JUN, NR0B1, and YY1. Along these lines, ingenuity pathway analysis (IPA) recognized a number of new targets and downstream effectors influencing BCs. Of note, genomic, epigenomic, transcriptional, and hormonal anomalies observed in human primary breast tumors were qualitatively similar in pertinent BC cell lines. These findings identify the functional correlation between dysregulated epigenetic enzymes and estrogen/E2 accumulation in human breast tumors, providing the molecular insights into more targeted therapeutic approaches involving the inhibition of HDACs for combating this life-threatening disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pulak R. Manna
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA;
| | - Shengping Yang
- Department of Biostatistics, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70808, USA;
| | - P. Hemachandra Reddy
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA;
- Neurology, Departments of School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA
- Public Health Department of Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA
- Department of Speech, Language and Hearing Sciences, School Health Professions, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA
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11
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Gu D, You H, Gao J, You Y, Rich JN, Zhang J, Wang X. Reply to "Targeting cholesterol homeostasis through inhibiting: An Achilles' heel for glioblastoma?". Neuro Oncol 2023; 25:2103-2104. [PMID: 37623431 PMCID: PMC10628931 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/noad146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Danling Gu
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Antibody Techniques, Department of Cell Biology, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Human Functional Genomics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu, China
- Institute for Brain Tumors, Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hao You
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Antibody Techniques, Department of Cell Biology, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Human Functional Genomics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu, China
- Institute for Brain Tumors, Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jiancheng Gao
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Antibody Techniques, Department of Cell Biology, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Human Functional Genomics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu, China
- Institute for Brain Tumors, Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yongping You
- Institute for Brain Tumors, Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jeremy N Rich
- University of Pittsburgh Medical Center Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Junxia Zhang
- Institute for Brain Tumors, Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiuxing Wang
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Antibody Techniques, Department of Cell Biology, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Human Functional Genomics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu, China
- Institute for Brain Tumors, Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu, China
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12
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He Q, Kong L, Shi W, Ma D, Liu K, Yang S, Xin Q, Jiang C, Wu J. Ezetimibe inhibits triple-negative breast cancer proliferation and promotes cell cycle arrest by targeting the PDGFR/AKT pathway. Heliyon 2023; 9:e21343. [PMID: 38027998 PMCID: PMC10651468 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e21343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Cholesterol levels were strongly associated with tumor progression and metastasis. Targeted cholesterol metabolism has broad prospects in tumor treatment. Ezetimibe, the only FDA-approved inhibitor of cholesterol absorption, has been reported to be able to inhibit angiogenesis in liver cancer. However, the efficacy and specific mechanisms of Ezetimibe in the treatment of Triple-Negative Breast Cancer (TNBC)have not been reported. Our research shows Ezetimibe inhibits TNBC cell proliferation and blocks the cell cycle in the G1 phase. Mechanistically, Ezetimibe inhibits the activation of PDGFRβ/AKT pathway, thereby promoting cell cycle arrest and inhibiting cell proliferation. By overexpressing PDGFRβ in TNBC cells, we found that PDGFRβ significantly reduced the inhibitory effect of Ezetimibe on TNBC cell proliferation and the cell cycle. Similarly, SC79, an AKT agonist, can reduce the proliferation inhibitory and cycle-blocking effects of Ezetimibe on TNBC cells. Furthermore, the AKT inhibitor MK2206 enhanced the inhibitory effect of Ezetimibe on the cell cycle and proliferation ability of TNBC cells overexpressing PDGFRβ. In xenograft tumor models, we also found that Ezetimibe inhibited TNBC growth, an effect that can be blocked by overexpression of PDGFR or activation of AKT. In summary, we have demonstrated that EZ inhibits the PDGFR/AKT pathway, thereby halting TNBC cycle progression and tumor growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinyu He
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, National Institute of Healthcare Data Science at Nanjing University, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Medical School, Nanjing University, 22 Hankou Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210093 China
| | - Lingkai Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, National Institute of Healthcare Data Science at Nanjing University, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Medical School, Nanjing University, 22 Hankou Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210093 China
| | - Weiwei Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, National Institute of Healthcare Data Science at Nanjing University, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Medical School, Nanjing University, 22 Hankou Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210093 China
| | - Ding Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, National Institute of Healthcare Data Science at Nanjing University, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Medical School, Nanjing University, 22 Hankou Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210093 China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Kua Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, National Institute of Healthcare Data Science at Nanjing University, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Medical School, Nanjing University, 22 Hankou Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210093 China
| | - Shuwei Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, National Institute of Healthcare Data Science at Nanjing University, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Medical School, Nanjing University, 22 Hankou Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210093 China
| | - Qilei Xin
- Jinan Microecological Biomedicine Shandong Laboratory, Shounuo City Light West Block, Qingdao Road 3716#, Huaiyin District, Jinan City, Shandong Province, China
| | - Chunping Jiang
- Jinan Microecological Biomedicine Shandong Laboratory, Shounuo City Light West Block, Qingdao Road 3716#, Huaiyin District, Jinan City, Shandong Province, China
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, National Institute of Healthcare Data Science at Nanjing University, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Medical School, Nanjing University, 22 Hankou Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210093 China
| | - Junhua Wu
- Jinan Microecological Biomedicine Shandong Laboratory, Shounuo City Light West Block, Qingdao Road 3716#, Huaiyin District, Jinan City, Shandong Province, China
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, National Institute of Healthcare Data Science at Nanjing University, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Medical School, Nanjing University, 22 Hankou Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210093 China
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13
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Wang Y, Cai L, Li H, Chen H, Yang T, Tan Y, Guo Z, Wang X. Overcoming Cancer Resistance to Platinum Drugs by Inhibiting Cholesterol Metabolism. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202309043. [PMID: 37612842 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202309043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Abstract
Drug resistance is a serious challenge for platinum anticancer drugs. Platinum complexes may get over the drug resistance via a distinct mechanism of action. Cholesterol is a key factor contributing to the drug resistance. Inhibiting cellular cholesterol synthesis and uptake provides an alternative strategy for cancer treatment. Platinum(IV) complexes FP and DFP with fenofibric acid as axial ligand(s) were designed to combat the drug resistance through regulating cholesterol metabolism besides damaging DNA. In addition to producing reactive oxygen species and active platinum(II) species to damage DNA, FP and DFP inhibited cellular cholesterol accumulation, promoted cholesterol efflux, upregulated peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARα), induced caspase-1 activation and gasdermin D (GSDMD) cleavage, thus leading to both apoptosis and pyroptosis in cancer cells. The reduction of cholesterol significantly relieved the drug resistance of cancer cells. The double-acting mechanism gave the complexes strong anticancer activity in vitro and in vivo, particularly against cisplatin-resistant cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, P. R. China
| | - Linxiang Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, P. R. China
| | - Hui Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, P. R. China
| | - Hanhua Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, P. R. China
| | - Tao Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, P. R. China
| | - Yehong Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, P. R. China
| | - Zijian Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoyong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, P. R. China
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14
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Ju J, Li L, Li B, Regmi S, Wang T, Xu J, Li C, Tang S. Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering Active Core-Shell Ag NPs@Carbon Dots with Enzyme-Mimicking Activities for Label-Free Measurement Cholesterol. BIOSENSORS 2023; 13:927. [PMID: 37887120 PMCID: PMC10605028 DOI: 10.3390/bios13100927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
Serological-sensitive testing of cholesterol holds significant value in the fields of healthcare and clinical diagnosis. This study reports on the preparation of peroxidase-mimicking nanozymes through the wrapping of N, S-doped carbon dots (DCDs) on the surface of silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs@DCD). The shell-core structure of Ag NPs@DCD displays peroxidase-mimicking capability, with the potential to catalyze inactive Raman probe molecules into the Raman reporters. Furthermore, a "shell-isolated nanoparticles-enhanced Raman spectroscopy" structure exhibited an enhanced Raman signal of reporter molecules. Ag NPs@DCD were utilized to create a label-free SERS sensing system for high-performance detection of cholesterol in serum samples. These results demonstrate the potential of the novel nanozyme-based SERS approach for clinical diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Ju
- Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenzhou 325001, China; (L.L.); (T.W.); (J.X.); (C.L.)
- Oujiang Lab, Wenzhou 325001, China
| | - Lin Li
- Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenzhou 325001, China; (L.L.); (T.W.); (J.X.); (C.L.)
- School of Ophthalmology & Optometry, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China;
| | - Bei Li
- School of Ophthalmology & Optometry, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China;
- The State Key Lab of Applied Optics, Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130033, China
| | - Sagar Regmi
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA;
| | - Tingting Wang
- Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenzhou 325001, China; (L.L.); (T.W.); (J.X.); (C.L.)
| | - Jiao Xu
- Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenzhou 325001, China; (L.L.); (T.W.); (J.X.); (C.L.)
| | - Chaojie Li
- Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenzhou 325001, China; (L.L.); (T.W.); (J.X.); (C.L.)
| | - Shixing Tang
- Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenzhou 325001, China; (L.L.); (T.W.); (J.X.); (C.L.)
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
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15
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Gu D, Zhou F, You H, Gao J, Kang T, Dixit D, Wu Q, Yang K, Ci S, Shan D, Fan X, Yuan W, Zhang Q, Lu C, Li D, Zhao N, Shi Z, Gao W, Lin F, Man J, Wang Q, Qian X, Mack SC, Tao W, Agnihotri S, Zhang N, You Y, Rich JN, Zhang J, Wang X. Sterol regulatory element-binding protein 2 maintains glioblastoma stem cells by keeping the balance between cholesterol biosynthesis and uptake. Neuro Oncol 2023; 25:1578-1591. [PMID: 36934350 PMCID: PMC10651206 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/noad060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 03/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glioblastomas (GBMs) display striking dysregulation of metabolism to promote tumor growth. Glioblastoma stem cells (GSCs) adapt to regions of heterogeneous nutrient availability, yet display dependency on de novo cholesterol biosynthesis. The transcription factor Sterol Regulatory Element-Binding Protein 2 (SREBP2) regulates cholesterol biosynthesis enzymes and uptake receptors. Here, we investigate adaptive behavior of GSCs under different cholesterol supplies. METHODS In silico analysis of patient tumors demonstrated enrichment of cholesterol synthesis associated with decreased angiogenesis. Comparative gene expression of cholesterol biosynthesis enzymes in paired GBM specimens and GSCs were performed. In vitro and in vivo loss-of-function genetic and pharmacologic assays were conducted to evaluate the effect of SREBP2 on GBM cholesterol biosynthesis, proliferation, and self-renewal. Chromatin immunoprecipitation quantitative real-time PCR was leveraged to map the regulation of SREBP2 to cholesterol biosynthesis enzymes and uptake receptors in GSCs. RESULTS Cholesterol biosynthetic enzymes were expressed at higher levels in GBM tumor cores than in invasive margins. SREBP2 promoted cholesterol biosynthesis in GSCs, especially under starvation, as well as proliferation, self-renewal, and tumor growth. SREBP2 governed the balance between cholesterol biosynthesis and uptake in different nutrient conditions. CONCLUSIONS SREBP2 displays context-specific regulation of cholesterol biology based on its availability in the microenvironment with induction of cholesterol biosynthesis in the tumor core and uptake in the margin, informing a novel treatment strategy for GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danling Gu
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Antibody Techniques, Department of Cell Biology, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Human Functional Genomics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Fengqi Zhou
- Institute for Brain Tumors, Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Personalized Cancer Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hao You
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Antibody Techniques, Department of Cell Biology, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Human Functional Genomics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Institute for Brain Tumors, Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Personalized Cancer Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jiancheng Gao
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Antibody Techniques, Department of Cell Biology, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Human Functional Genomics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Institute for Brain Tumors, Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Personalized Cancer Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Tao Kang
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Antibody Techniques, Department of Cell Biology, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Human Functional Genomics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Institute for Brain Tumors, Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Personalized Cancer Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Deobrat Dixit
- Department of Medicine, Division of Regenerative Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States
| | - Qiulian Wu
- University of Pittsburgh Medical Center Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Kailin Yang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Taussig Cancer Center, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, United States
| | - Shusheng Ci
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Antibody Techniques, Department of Cell Biology, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Human Functional Genomics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Institute for Brain Tumors, Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Personalized Cancer Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Danyang Shan
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Antibody Techniques, Department of Cell Biology, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Human Functional Genomics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Institute for Brain Tumors, Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Personalized Cancer Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiao Fan
- Institute for Brain Tumors, Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Personalized Cancer Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wei Yuan
- Department of Pathology, The Yancheng Clinical College of Xuzhou Medical University, The First people’s Hospital of Yancheng, Yancheng, Jiangsu, China
- Department of Central Laboratory, Yancheng Medical Research Center of Nanjing University Medical School, Yancheng, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Antibody Techniques, Department of Cell Biology, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Human Functional Genomics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Institute for Brain Tumors, Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Personalized Cancer Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chenfei Lu
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Antibody Techniques, Department of Cell Biology, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Human Functional Genomics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Institute for Brain Tumors, Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Personalized Cancer Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Daqi Li
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Antibody Techniques, Department of Cell Biology, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Human Functional Genomics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Institute for Brain Tumors, Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Personalized Cancer Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | | | - Zhumei Shi
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wei Gao
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Antibody Techniques, Department of Cell Biology, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Human Functional Genomics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Institute for Brain Tumors, Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Personalized Cancer Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Fan Lin
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Antibody Techniques, Department of Cell Biology, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Human Functional Genomics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jianghong Man
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, National Center of Biomedical analysis, Beijing, China
| | - Qianghu Wang
- Institute for Brain Tumors, Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Personalized Cancer Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xu Qian
- Institute for Brain Tumors, Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Personalized Cancer Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Stephen C Mack
- Division of Brain Tumor Research, Department of Developmental Neurobiology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, United States
| | - Weiwei Tao
- College of Biomedicine and Health and College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Sameer Agnihotri
- Brain Tumor Biology and Therapy Lab, Department of Neurosurgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Nu Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, Guangdong Translational Medicine Innovation Platform, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yongping You
- Institute for Brain Tumors, Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Personalized Cancer Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jeremy N Rich
- University of Pittsburgh Medical Center Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States
- Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Junxia Zhang
- Institute for Brain Tumors, Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Personalized Cancer Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiuxing Wang
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Antibody Techniques, Department of Cell Biology, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Human Functional Genomics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Institute for Brain Tumors, Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Personalized Cancer Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
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16
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Liu C, Liao W, Chen J, Yu K, Wu Y, Zhang S, Chen M, Chen F, Wang S, Cheng T, Wang J, Du C. Cholesterol confers ferroptosis resistance onto myeloid-biased hematopoietic stem cells and prevents irradiation-induced myelosuppression. Redox Biol 2023; 62:102661. [PMID: 36906952 PMCID: PMC10025135 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2023.102661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023] Open
Abstract
There is growing appreciation that hematopoietic alterations underpin the ubiquitous detrimental effects of metabolic disorders. The susceptibility of bone marrow (BM) hematopoiesis to perturbations of cholesterol metabolism is well documented, while the underlying cellular and molecular mechanisms remain poorly understood. Here we reveal a distinct and heterogeneous cholesterol metabolic signature within BM hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs). We further show that cholesterol directly regulates maintenance and lineage differentiation of long-term HSCs (LT-HSCs), with high levels of intracellular cholesterol favoring maintenance and myeloid bias of LT-HSCs. During irradiation-induced myelosuppression, cholesterol also safeguards LT-HSC maintenance and myeloid regeneration. Mechanistically, we unravel that cholesterol directly and distinctively enhances ferroptosis resistance and boosts myeloid but dampens lymphoid lineage differentiation of LT-HSCs. Molecularly, we identify that SLC38A9-mTOR axis mediates cholesterol sensing and signal transduction to instruct lineage differentiation of LT-HSCs as well as to dictate ferroptosis sensitivity of LT-HSCs through orchestrating SLC7A11/GPX4 expression and ferritinophagy. Consequently, myeloid-biased HSCs are endowed with a survival advantage under both hypercholesterolemia and irradiation conditions. Importantly, a mTOR inhibitor rapamycin and a ferroptosis inducer imidazole ketone erastin prevent excess cholesterol-induced HSC expansion and myeloid bias. These findings unveil an unrecognized fundamental role of cholesterol metabolism in HSC survival and fate decisions with valuable clinical implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaonan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Institute of Combined Injury, Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Preventive Medicine, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Weinian Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Institute of Combined Injury, Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Preventive Medicine, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Jun Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Institute of Combined Injury, Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Preventive Medicine, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Kuan Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Institute of Combined Injury, Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Preventive Medicine, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Yiding Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Institute of Combined Injury, Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Preventive Medicine, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Shuzhen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Institute of Combined Injury, Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Preventive Medicine, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Mo Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Institute of Combined Injury, Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Preventive Medicine, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Fang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Institute of Combined Injury, Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Preventive Medicine, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Song Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Institute of Combined Injury, Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Preventive Medicine, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Tianmin Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Institute of Combined Injury, Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Preventive Medicine, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Junping Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Institute of Combined Injury, Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Preventive Medicine, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China.
| | - Changhong Du
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Institute of Combined Injury, Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Preventive Medicine, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China.
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17
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Khallouki F, Hajji L, Saber S, Bouddine T, Edderkaoui M, Bourhia M, Mir N, Lim A, El Midaoui A, Giesy JP, Aboul-Soud MAM, Silvente-Poirot S, Poirot M. An Update on Tamoxifen and the Chemo-Preventive Potential of Vitamin E in Breast Cancer Management. J Pers Med 2023; 13:jpm13050754. [PMID: 37240924 DOI: 10.3390/jpm13050754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2023] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) is the most common female cancer in terms of incidence and mortality worldwide. Tamoxifen (Nolvadex) is a widely prescribed, oral anti-estrogen drug for the hormonal treatment of estrogen-receptor-positive BC, which represents 70% of all BC subtypes. This review assesses the current knowledge on the molecular pharmacology of tamoxifen in terms of its anticancer and chemo-preventive actions. Due to the importance of vitamin E compounds, which are widely taken as a supplementary dietary component, the review focuses only on the potential importance of vitamin E in BC chemo-prevention. The chemo-preventive and onco-protective effects of tamoxifen combined with the potential effects of vitamin E can alter the anticancer actions of tamoxifen. Therefore, methods involving an individually designed, nutritional intervention for patients with BC warrant further consideration. These data are of great importance for tamoxifen chemo-prevention strategies in future epidemiological studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farid Khallouki
- Biology Department, FSTE, Moulay Ismail University of Meknes, BP 609, Errachidia 52000, Morocco
- Biology Department, Faculty of Sciences, Moulay Ismail University of Meknes, BP. 11201 Zitoune, Meknes 50050, Morocco
| | - Lhoussain Hajji
- Biology Department, Faculty of Sciences, Moulay Ismail University of Meknes, BP. 11201 Zitoune, Meknes 50050, Morocco
| | - Somayya Saber
- Biology Department, FSTE, Moulay Ismail University of Meknes, BP 609, Errachidia 52000, Morocco
- Biology Department, Faculty of Sciences, Moulay Ismail University of Meknes, BP. 11201 Zitoune, Meknes 50050, Morocco
| | - Toufik Bouddine
- Biology Department, Faculty of Sciences, Moulay Ismail University of Meknes, BP. 11201 Zitoune, Meknes 50050, Morocco
| | - Mouad Edderkaoui
- Departments of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center & University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Mohammed Bourhia
- Higher Institute of Nursing Professions and Technical Health, Laayoune 70000, Morocco
| | - Nora Mir
- Biology Department, Faculty of Sciences, Moulay Ismail University of Meknes, BP. 11201 Zitoune, Meknes 50050, Morocco
| | - Adrian Lim
- Departments of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center & University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Adil El Midaoui
- Biology Department, FSTE, Moulay Ismail University of Meknes, BP 609, Errachidia 52000, Morocco
| | - John P Giesy
- Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5B3, Canada
- Department of Veterinary Biomedical Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5B4, Canada
- Department of Integrative Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Baylor University, Waco, TX 76706, USA
| | - Mourad A M Aboul-Soud
- Medical and Molecular Genetics Research, Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 10219, Riyadh 11433, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sandrine Silvente-Poirot
- Cancer Research Center of Toulouse, UMR 1037 INSERM, UMR 5071 CNRS, University of Toulouse III, Equipe labellisée par la Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer, 31037 Toulouse, France
- French Network for Nutrition And Cancer Research (NACRe Network), 78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Marc Poirot
- Cancer Research Center of Toulouse, UMR 1037 INSERM, UMR 5071 CNRS, University of Toulouse III, Equipe labellisée par la Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer, 31037 Toulouse, France
- French Network for Nutrition And Cancer Research (NACRe Network), 78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France
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18
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Yan L, Wu X, Zhang Y, Tan Q, Xu J, Wang Y, Wang R, Li Y, Zhao J. LncRNA ENST00000370438 promotes cell proliferation by upregulating DHCR24 in breast cancer. Mol Carcinog 2023; 62:855-865. [PMID: 36946578 DOI: 10.1002/mc.23529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Revised: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2023]
Abstract
Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are critically involved in the occurrence and development of breast cancer (BC). In this study, we performed RNA sequencing, and the results revealed an increase in the expression level of novel lncRNA ENST00000370438 in tissues of patients with BC. Quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) results showed an increase in lncRNA ENST00000370438 expression level in 23 pairs of BC tissues. Next, we determined the effect of ENST00000370438 on BC cell proliferation, and the results showed that ENST00000370438 promotes cell proliferation in BC. The proteomic analysis showed a decrease in DHCR24 expression level in BC cells transfected with ENST00000370438 small interfering RNA. Western blot and qRT-PCR assay results showed that ENST00000370438 regulated DHCR24 expression. Furthermore, the rescue experiment showed that the interference with ENST00000370438 expression could restore the effect of DHCR24 overexpression on BC cell proliferation, demonstrating that ENST00000370438 could promote cell proliferation by upregulating DHCR24. Finally, we showed that lncRNA ENST000000370438 could promote tumor growth by overexpressing DHCR24 in nude mice. Our results demonstrated that lncRNA ENST00000370438 promotes BC cell proliferation by upregulating DHCR24 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Yan
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College (Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College), Wuhu, Anhui, China
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Biological Macro-Molecules Research, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui, China
| | - Xu Wu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College (Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College), Wuhu, Anhui, China
| | - Yuan Zhang
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Biological Macro-Molecules Research, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui, China
| | - Qiuyu Tan
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Biological Macro-Molecules Research, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui, China
| | - Jinwen Xu
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Biological Macro-Molecules Research, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Biological Macro-Molecules Research, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui, China
| | - Ruodan Wang
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Biological Macro-Molecules Research, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui, China
| | - Yulei Li
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Biological Macro-Molecules Research, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui, China
| | - Jun Zhao
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College (Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College), Wuhu, Anhui, China
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19
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Zhang J, Zou S, Fang L. Metabolic reprogramming in colorectal cancer: regulatory networks and therapy. Cell Biosci 2023; 13:25. [PMID: 36755301 PMCID: PMC9906896 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-023-00977-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Abstract
With high prevalence and mortality, together with metabolic reprogramming, colorectal cancer is a leading cause of cancer-related death. Metabolic reprogramming gives tumors the capacity for long-term cell proliferation, making it a distinguishing feature of cancer. Energy and intermediate metabolites produced by metabolic reprogramming fuel the rapid growth of cancer cells. Aberrant metabolic enzyme-mediated tumor metabolism is regulated at multiple levels. Notably, tumor metabolism is affected by nutrient levels, cell interactions, and transcriptional and posttranscriptional regulation. Understanding the crosstalk between metabolic enzymes and colorectal carcinogenesis factors is particularly important to advance research for targeted cancer therapy strategies via the investigation into the aberrant regulation of metabolic pathways. Hence, the abnormal roles and regulation of metabolic enzymes in recent years are reviewed in this paper, which provides an overview of targeted inhibitors for targeting metabolic enzymes in colorectal cancer that have been identified through tumor research or clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jieping Zhang
- grid.12981.330000 0001 2360 039XDepartment of General Surgery, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Disease, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, 26 Yuanchun Er Heng Road, Guangzhou, 510655 Guangdong China ,Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, Guangzhou, 510655 China
| | - Shaomin Zou
- grid.12981.330000 0001 2360 039XDepartment of General Surgery, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Disease, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, 26 Yuanchun Er Heng Road, Guangzhou, 510655 Guangdong China ,Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, Guangzhou, 510655 China
| | - Lekun Fang
- Department of General Surgery, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Disease, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, 26 Yuanchun Er Heng Road, Guangzhou, 510655, Guangdong, China. .,Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, Guangzhou, 510655, China.
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20
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Tanriver G, Kocagoncu E. Additive pre-diagnostic and diagnostic value of routine blood-based biomarkers in the detection of colorectal cancer in the UK Biobank cohort. Sci Rep 2023; 13:1367. [PMID: 36693981 PMCID: PMC9873936 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-28631-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Survival rates from colorectal cancer (CRC) are drastically higher if the disease is detected and treated earlier. Current screening guidelines involve stool-based tests and colonoscopies, whose acceptability and uptake remains low. Routinely collected blood-based biomarkers may offer a low-cost alternative or aid for detecting CRC. Here we aimed to evaluate the pre-diagnostic and diagnostic value of a wide-range of multimodal biomarkers in the UK Biobank dataset, including sociodemographic, lifestyle, medical, physical, and blood and urine-based measures in detecting CRC. We performed a Cox proportional hazard and a tree-boosting model alongside feature selection methods to determine optimal combination of biomarkers. In addition to the modifiable lifestyle factors of obesity, alcohol consumption and cardiovascular health, we showed that blood-based biomarkers that capture the immune response, lipid profile, liver and kidney function are associated with CRC risk. Following feature selection, the final Cox and tree-boosting models achieved a C-index of 0.67 and an AUC of 0.76 respectively. We show that blood-based biomarkers collected in routine examinations are sensitive to preclinical and clinical CRC. They may provide an additive value and improve diagnostic accuracy of current screening tools at no additional cost and help reduce burden on the healthcare system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gizem Tanriver
- Engineering and Data Science Team, Sanome Limited, 15 Bishopsgate, London, EC2N 3AR, UK
| | - Ece Kocagoncu
- Engineering and Data Science Team, Sanome Limited, 15 Bishopsgate, London, EC2N 3AR, UK.
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21
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Martella N, Colardo M, Sergio W, Petraroia M, Varone M, Pensabene D, Russo M, Di Bartolomeo S, Ranalli G, Saviano G, Segatto M. Lavender Essential Oil Modulates Hepatic Cholesterol Metabolism in HepG2 Cells. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2023; 45:364-378. [PMID: 36661512 PMCID: PMC9857966 DOI: 10.3390/cimb45010026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cholesterol is an essential lipid that guarantees several biological processes in eukaryotic cells. Its metabolism is regulated by a complex protein network that could be significantly influenced by numerous exogenous sources, such as essential oils (EOs). For instance, it has been speculated that monoterpenoid and sesquiterpenoid compounds contained in lavender essential oil (LEO) may exert important hypocholesterolemic activities. However, the molecular mechanisms by which LEO influences cholesterol homeostasis are not characterized. In this work, we evaluated the ability of LEO to regulate the protein network that controls cholesterol metabolism in the HepG2 cell line. The main findings indicate that LEO administration increases intracellular cholesterol content. Concurrently, LEO affects the expression of proteins involved in cholesterol uptake, biosynthesis, and trafficking. These effects are partially mediated by terpinene-4-ol, one of the most abundant compounds in LEO. These results demonstrate that LEO modulates cholesterol metabolism in hepatic cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noemi Martella
- Department of Biosciences and Territory, University of Molise, Contrada Fonte Lappone, 86090 Pesche, Italy
| | - Mayra Colardo
- Department of Biosciences and Territory, University of Molise, Contrada Fonte Lappone, 86090 Pesche, Italy
| | - William Sergio
- Department of Biosciences and Territory, University of Molise, Contrada Fonte Lappone, 86090 Pesche, Italy
| | - Michele Petraroia
- Department of Biosciences and Territory, University of Molise, Contrada Fonte Lappone, 86090 Pesche, Italy
| | - Michela Varone
- Department of Biosciences and Territory, University of Molise, Contrada Fonte Lappone, 86090 Pesche, Italy
| | - Daniele Pensabene
- Department of Science, University Roma Tre, Viale Marconi 446, 00146 Rome, Italy
| | - Miriam Russo
- Department of Biosciences and Territory, University of Molise, Contrada Fonte Lappone, 86090 Pesche, Italy
| | - Sabrina Di Bartolomeo
- Department of Biosciences and Territory, University of Molise, Contrada Fonte Lappone, 86090 Pesche, Italy
| | - Giancarlo Ranalli
- Department of Biosciences and Territory, University of Molise, Contrada Fonte Lappone, 86090 Pesche, Italy
| | - Gabriella Saviano
- Department of Biosciences and Territory, University of Molise, Contrada Fonte Lappone, 86090 Pesche, Italy
- Correspondence: (G.S.); (M.S.)
| | - Marco Segatto
- Department of Biosciences and Territory, University of Molise, Contrada Fonte Lappone, 86090 Pesche, Italy
- Correspondence: (G.S.); (M.S.)
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22
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Rosenhouse-Dantsker A, Gazgalis D, Logothetis DE. PI(4,5)P 2 and Cholesterol: Synthesis, Regulation, and Functions. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2023; 1422:3-59. [PMID: 36988876 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-21547-6_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
Abstract
Phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PI(4,5)P2) is the most abundant membrane phosphoinositide and cholesterol is an essential component of the plasma membrane (PM). Both lipids play key roles in a variety of cellular functions including as signaling molecules and major regulators of protein function. This chapter provides an overview of these two important lipids. Starting from a brief description of their structure, synthesis, and regulation, the chapter continues to describe the primary functions and signaling processes in which PI(4,5)P2 and cholesterol are involved. While PI(4,5)P2 and cholesterol can act independently, they often act in concert or affect each other's impact. The chapters in this volume on "Cholesterol and PI(4,5)P2 in Vital Biological Functions: From Coexistence to Crosstalk" focus on the emerging relationship between cholesterol and PI(4,5)P2 in a variety of biological systems and processes. In this chapter, the next section provides examples from the ion channel field demonstrating that PI(4,5)P2 and cholesterol can act via common mechanisms. The chapter ends with a discussion of future directions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dimitris Gazgalis
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Bouvé College of Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Diomedes E Logothetis
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Bouvé College of Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA
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23
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Expression and Function of StAR in Cancerous and Non-Cancerous Human and Mouse Breast Tissues: New Insights into Diagnosis and Treatment of Hormone-Sensitive Breast Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24010758. [PMID: 36614200 PMCID: PMC9820903 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24010758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) is primarily triggered by estrogens, especially 17β-estradiol (E2), which are synthesized by the aromatase enzyme. While all steroid hormones are derived from cholesterol, the rate-limiting step in steroid biosynthesis is mediated by the steroidogenic acute regulatory (StAR) protein. Herein, we demonstrate that StAR mRNA expression was aberrantly high in human hormone-dependent BC (MCF7, MDA-MB-361, and T-47D), modest in hormone-independent triple negative BC (TNBC; MDA-MB-468, BT-549, and MDA-MB-231), and had little to none in non-cancerous mammary epithelial (HMEC, MCF10A, and MCF12F) cells. In contrast, these cell lines showed abundant expression of aromatase (CYP19A1) mRNA. Immunofluorescence displayed qualitatively similar patterns of both StAR and aromatase expression in various breast cells. Additionally, three different transgenic (Tg) mouse models of spontaneous breast tumors, i.e., MMTV-Neu, MMTV-HRAS, and MMTV-PyMT, demonstrated markedly higher expression of StAR mRNA/protein in breast tumors than in normal mammary tissue. While breast tumors in these mouse models exhibited higher expression of ERα, ERβ, and PR mRNAs, their levels were undetected in TNBC tumors. Accumulation of E2 in plasma and breast tissues, from MMTV-PyMT and non-cancerous Tg mice, correlated with StAR, but not with aromatase, signifying the importance of StAR in governing E2 biosynthesis in mammary tissue. Treatment with a variety of histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACIs) in primary cultures of enriched breast tumor epithelial cells, from MMTV-PyMT mice, resulted in suppression of StAR and E2 levels. Importantly, inhibition of StAR, concomitant with E2 synthesis, by various HDACIs, at clinical and preclinical doses, in MCF7 cells, indicated therapeutic relevance of StAR in hormone-dependent BCs. These findings provide insights into the molecular events underlying the differential expression of StAR in human and mouse cancerous and non-cancerous breast cells/tissues, highlighting StAR could serve not only as a novel diagnostic maker but also as a therapeutic target for the most prevalent hormone-sensitive BCs.
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24
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Raeside JI, Christie HL. A 'new' estrogen metabolite: an epoxide of estrone as a sulfated steroid. J Endocrinol 2022; 255:53-59. [PMID: 35993430 DOI: 10.1530/joe-22-0177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Current heightened recognition of the importance of sulfated steroids led to the examination of conjugates in media from incubations of estrogens in tissues from the reproductive tract of stallions. Previously, we had reported a 'new' unidentified metabolite of estrone (E1) and [3H]-E1, located between 17β-estradiol (E2) and E1 reference standards on chromatography (HPLC) and identified tentatively as a stable 5α,6α-estrone epoxide. Stallion tissues were minced and incubated for 2 h with [3H]-E1 (1 × 106 cpm). Solid-phase extraction of unconjugated and conjugated steroids from media was followed by liquid scintillation counting (LSC), where radioactivity was mostly in the conjugate fractions (>80%). HPLC of conjugated steroids used an isocratic solvent system of acetonitrile/water (8:92) at 700 µL/min with detection by LSC. A radioactive peak between reference standards of E1 and E2 sulfates was examined, after solvolysis, in a second solvent system. Sulfated steroids yielded largely E1, whereas acid treatment of the unconjugated E1 epoxide had earlier formed 6α-OH-E1 almost exclusively. With sulfatase enzyme, at neutral pH, radioactivity was also seen mostly as E1 with trace amounts of polar material. Reduction with KBH4, however, led also to desulfation; radioactivity had alignment with E2 but even more had low retention times as for 6α/6β-OH-E2. These findings point to a different hydrolysis for desulfation; even more, they reveal an additional oxygen atom at C6 and are supportive of biological formation of 5α,6α-epoxides of E1 and E2. As possible alternatives to catechol estrogens, implicated in cancer, the 'new' estrogen metabolites and their sulfated forms may have special interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- James I Raeside
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Heather L Christie
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
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25
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Wada M. Role of ABC Transporters in Cancer Development and Malignant Alteration. YAKUGAKU ZASSHI 2022; 142:1201-1225. [DOI: 10.1248/yakushi.22-00108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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26
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Tang Q, Liang B, Zhang L, Li X, Li H, Jing W, Jiang Y, Zhou F, Zhang J, Meng Y, Yang X, Yang H, Huang G, Zhao J. Enhanced CHOLESTEROL biosynthesis promotes breast cancer metastasis via modulating CCDC25 expression and neutrophil extracellular traps formation. Sci Rep 2022; 12:17350. [PMID: 36253427 PMCID: PMC9576744 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-22410-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) has been demonstrated to regulate the metastasis of breast cancer. In this study, we showed that de novo cholesterol biosynthesis induced by ASPP2 depletion in mouse breast cancer cell 4T1 and human breast cancer cell MDA-MB-231 promoted NETs formation in vitro, as well as in lung metastases in mice intravenously injected with ASPP2-deficient 4T1 cells. Simvastatin and berberine (BBR), cholesterol synthesis inhibitors, efficiently blocked ASPP2-depletion induced NETs formation. Cholesterol biosynthesis greatly enhanced Coiled-coil domain containing protein 25 (CCDC25) expression on cancer cells as well as in lung metastases. CCDC25 expression was co-localized with caveolin-1, a lipid raft molecule, and was damped by inhibitor of lipid rafts formation. Our data suggest that cholesterol biosynthesis promotes CCDC25 expression in a lipid raft-dependent manner. Clinically, the expression of CCDC25 was positively correlated with the expression of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoAreductase (HMRCG), and citrullinated histone H3 (H3cit), in tissues from breast cancer patients. High expression of CCDC25 and HMGCR was related with worse prognosis in breast cancer patients. In conclusion, our study explores a novel mechanism for de novo cholesterol biosynthesis in the regulation of CCDC25 expression, NETs formation and breast cancer metastasis. Targeting cholesterol biosynthesis may be promising therapeutic strategies to treat breast cancer metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiqi Tang
- grid.507037.60000 0004 1764 1277Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Science, 279Th Zhouzhu Road, Shanghai, 201318 China ,grid.39436.3b0000 0001 2323 5732Shanghai University of Traditional Medicine, Shanghai, 201203 China
| | - Beibei Liang
- grid.507037.60000 0004 1764 1277Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Science, 279Th Zhouzhu Road, Shanghai, 201318 China ,grid.507037.60000 0004 1764 1277Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Jiading District Central Hospital Affiliated Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai, 201318 China
| | - Lisha Zhang
- grid.507037.60000 0004 1764 1277Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Science, 279Th Zhouzhu Road, Shanghai, 201318 China ,grid.39436.3b0000 0001 2323 5732Shanghai University of Traditional Medicine, Shanghai, 201203 China
| | - Xuhui Li
- grid.507037.60000 0004 1764 1277Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Jiading District Central Hospital Affiliated Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai, 201318 China
| | - Hengyu Li
- grid.411525.60000 0004 0369 1599Changhai Hospital, Navy Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200438 China
| | - Wei Jing
- grid.411525.60000 0004 0369 1599Changhai Hospital, Navy Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200438 China
| | - Yingjie Jiang
- grid.411525.60000 0004 0369 1599Changhai Hospital, Navy Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200438 China
| | - Felix Zhou
- grid.4991.50000 0004 1936 8948Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7DQ UK
| | - Jian Zhang
- grid.8547.e0000 0001 0125 2443Phase I Clinical Trial Center, Shanghai Cancer Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032 China ,grid.8547.e0000 0001 0125 2443Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032 China
| | - Yanchun Meng
- grid.8547.e0000 0001 0125 2443Phase I Clinical Trial Center, Shanghai Cancer Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032 China ,grid.8547.e0000 0001 0125 2443Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032 China
| | - Xinhua Yang
- grid.507037.60000 0004 1764 1277Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Science, 279Th Zhouzhu Road, Shanghai, 201318 China ,grid.39436.3b0000 0001 2323 5732Shanghai University of Traditional Medicine, Shanghai, 201203 China
| | - Hao Yang
- grid.507037.60000 0004 1764 1277Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Science, 279Th Zhouzhu Road, Shanghai, 201318 China ,grid.507037.60000 0004 1764 1277Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Jiading District Central Hospital Affiliated Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai, 201318 China
| | - Gang Huang
- grid.507037.60000 0004 1764 1277Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Science, 279Th Zhouzhu Road, Shanghai, 201318 China ,grid.507037.60000 0004 1764 1277Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Jiading District Central Hospital Affiliated Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai, 201318 China
| | - Jian Zhao
- grid.507037.60000 0004 1764 1277Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Science, 279Th Zhouzhu Road, Shanghai, 201318 China ,grid.507037.60000 0004 1764 1277Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Jiading District Central Hospital Affiliated Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai, 201318 China ,grid.39436.3b0000 0001 2323 5732Shanghai University of Traditional Medicine, Shanghai, 201203 China
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27
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Luo Z, Li M, Yang J, Li J, Zhang Y, Liu F, El-Omar E, Han L, Bian J, Gong L, Wang M. Ferulic acid attenuates high-fat diet-induced hypercholesterolemia by activating classic bile acid synthesis pathway. Front Nutr 2022; 9:976638. [PMID: 36211528 PMCID: PMC9536491 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.976638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Ferulic acid (FA), a natural phenolic phytochemical abundantly present in whole grains, displays promising therapeutic effects on hypercholesterolemia while its underlying mechanism not fully elucidated. This study aimed to investigate the cholesterol-lowering effect of FA in high-fat diet (HFD)-fed mice and its potential molecular mechanism. FA supplementation alleviated HFD-induced hypercholesterolemia (–13.2%, p < 0.05), along with increased excretion of bile acids (BAs) in feces (37.0%, p < 0.05). Mechanism studies showed that FA activated the expression of cholesterol 7α hydroxylase (CYP7A1), a rate-limiting enzyme in BA biosynthesis in the liver, which increased the BAs biosynthesis from cholesterol. Surprisingly, increased excretion of BAs in feces is a consequence, not a cause, of CYP7A1 activation. Furthermore, enterohepatic farnesoid X receptor (FXR) signaling is not involved in the activation of hepatic CYP7A1 by FA. In conclusion, FA activates CYP7A1 through non-FXR signaling, which on the one hand effectively prevents hypercholesterolemia, and on the other hand leads to secondary BAs elevation in plasma. The latter may be the key to the anti-obesity and hypoglycemic effects of FA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhixin Luo
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Mengqian Li
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Jiachuan Yang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Jia Li
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Yao Zhang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Fang Liu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Emad El-Omar
- Microbiome Research Centre, St George and Sutherland Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Lin Han
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
- *Correspondence: Lin Han,
| | - Ji Bian
- Kolling Institute, Sydney Medical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Royal North Shore Hospital, St Leonards, NSW, Australia
- Ji Bian,
| | - Lan Gong
- Microbiome Research Centre, St George and Sutherland Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Lan Gong,
| | - Min Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
- Min Wang,
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28
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MYCN and Metabolic Reprogramming in Neuroblastoma. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14174113. [PMID: 36077650 PMCID: PMC9455056 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14174113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Revised: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuroblastoma is a pediatric cancer responsible for approximately 15% of all childhood cancer deaths. Aberrant MYCN activation, as a result of genomic MYCN amplification, is a major driver of high-risk neuroblastoma, which has an overall survival rate of less than 50%, despite the best treatments currently available. Metabolic reprogramming is an integral part of the growth-promoting program driven by MYCN, which fuels cell growth and proliferation by increasing the uptake and catabolism of nutrients, biosynthesis of macromolecules, and production of energy. This reprogramming process also generates metabolic vulnerabilities that can be exploited for therapy. In this review, we present our current understanding of metabolic reprogramming in neuroblastoma, focusing on transcriptional regulation as a key mechanism in driving the reprogramming process. We also highlight some important areas that need to be explored for the successful development of metabolism-based therapy against high-risk neuroblastoma.
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29
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Wu K, Zou L, Lei X, Yang X. Roles of ABCA1 in cancer (Review). Oncol Lett 2022; 24:349. [DOI: 10.3892/ol.2022.13469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Kun Wu
- School of Pharmacy, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, P.R. China
| | - Longwei Zou
- School of Pharmacy, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoyong Lei
- School of Pharmacy, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoyan Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, P.R. China
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30
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Bar-Hai N, Ishay-Ronen D. Engaging plasticity: Differentiation therapy in solid tumors. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:944773. [PMID: 36034865 PMCID: PMC9410762 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.944773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a systemic heterogeneous disease that can undergo several rounds of latency and activation. Tumor progression evolves by increasing diversity, adaptation to signals from the microenvironment and escape mechanisms from therapy. These dynamic processes indicate necessity for cell plasticity. Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) plays a major role in facilitating cell plasticity in solid tumors by inducing dedifferentiation and cell type transitions. These two practices, plasticity and dedifferentiation enhance tumor heterogeneity creating a key challenge in cancer treatment. In this review we will explore cancer cell plasticity and elaborate treatment modalities that aspire to overcome such dynamic processes in solid tumors. We will further discuss the therapeutic potential of utilizing enhanced cell plasticity for differentiation therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neta Bar-Hai
- Cancer Research Center, Oncology Institute, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel
- Affiliated with Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Dana Ishay-Ronen
- Cancer Research Center, Oncology Institute, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel
- Affiliated with Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- *Correspondence: Dana Ishay-Ronen,
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31
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Metabolic Pathways as a Novel Landscape in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14153799. [PMID: 35954462 PMCID: PMC9367608 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14153799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolism plays a fundamental role in both human physiology and pathology, including pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) and other tumors. Anabolic and catabolic processes do not only have energetic implications but are tightly associated with other cellular activities, such as DNA duplication, redox reactions, and cell homeostasis. PDAC displays a marked metabolic phenotype and the observed reduction in tumor growth induced by calorie restriction with in vivo models supports the crucial role of metabolism in this cancer type. The aggressiveness of PDAC might, therefore, be reduced by interventions on bioenergetic circuits. In this review, we describe the main metabolic mechanisms involved in PDAC growth and the biological features that may favor its onset and progression within an immunometabolic context. We also discuss the need to bridge the gap between basic research and clinical practice in order to offer alternative therapeutic approaches for PDAC patients in the more immediate future.
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32
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Chen H, Zhang J, Zhou H, Zhu Y, Liang Y, Zhu P, Zhang Q. UHPLC-HRMS–based serum lipisdomics reveals novel biomarkers to assist in the discrimination between colorectal adenoma and cancer. Front Oncol 2022; 12:934145. [PMID: 35965551 PMCID: PMC9366052 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.934145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of a colorectal adenoma (CA) into carcinoma (CRC) is a long and stealthy process. There remains a lack of reliable biomarkers to distinguish CA from CRC. To effectively explore underlying molecular mechanisms and identify novel lipid biomarkers promising for early diagnosis of CRC, an ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography tandem high-resolution mass spectrometry (UHPLC-HRMS) method was employed to comprehensively measure lipid species in human serum samples of patients with CA and CRC. Results showed significant differences in serum lipid profiles between CA and CRC groups, and 85 differential lipid species (P < 0.05 and fold change > 1.50 or < 0.67) were discovered. These significantly altered lipid species were mainly involved in fatty acid (FA), phosphatidylcholine (PC), and triacylglycerol (TAG) metabolism with the constituent ratio > 63.50%. After performance evaluation by the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis, seven lipid species were ultimately proposed as potential biomarkers with the area under the curve (AUC) > 0.800. Of particular value, a lipid panel containing docosanamide, SM d36:0, PC 36:1e, and triheptanoin was selected as a composite candidate biomarker with excellent performance (AUC = 0.971), and the highest selected frequency to distinguish patients with CA from patients with CRC based on the support vector machine (SVM) classification model. To our knowledge, this study was the first to undertake a lipidomics profile using serum intended to identify screening lipid biomarkers to discriminate between CA and CRC. The lipid panel could potentially serve as a composite biomarker aiding the early diagnosis of CRC. Metabolic dysregulation of FAs, PCs, and TAGs seems likely involved in malignant transformation of CA, which hopefully will provide new clues to understand its underlying mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongwei Chen
- Medical College of Guangxi University, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Jiahao Zhang
- Medical College of Guangxi University, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Hailin Zhou
- Medical College of Guangxi University, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Yifan Zhu
- Medical College of Guangxi University, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Yunxiao Liang
- Department of Gastroenterology, People’s Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, China
| | - Pingchuan Zhu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Qisong Zhang
- Medical College of Guangxi University, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
- *Correspondence: Qisong Zhang,
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33
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Lipid metabolism in tumor microenvironment: novel therapeutic targets. Cancer Cell Int 2022; 22:224. [PMID: 35790992 PMCID: PMC9254539 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-022-02645-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Bioactive lipid molecules have been proposed to play important roles linking obesity/metabolic syndrome and cancers. Studies reveal that aberrant lipid metabolic signaling can reprogram cancer cells and non-cancer cells in the tumor microenvironment, contributing to cancer initiation, progression, metastasis, recurrence, and poor therapeutic response. Existing evidence indicates that controlling lipid metabolism can be a potential strategy for cancer prevention and therapy. By reviewing the current literature on the lipid metabolism in various cancers, we summarized major lipid molecules including fatty acids and cholesterol as well as lipid droplets and discussed their critical roles in cancer cells and non-cancer in terms of either promoting- or anti-tumorigenesis. This review provides an overview of the lipid molecules in cellular entities and their tumor microenvironment, adding to the existing knowledge with lipid metabolic reprogramming in immune cells and cancer associated cells. Comprehensive understanding of the regulatory role of lipid metabolism in cellular entities and their tumor microenvironment will provide a new direction for further studies, in a shift away from conventional cancer research. Exploring the lipid-related signaling targets that drive or block cancer development may lead to development of novel anti-cancer strategies distinct from traditional approaches for cancer prevention and treatment.
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34
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Kami Reddy KR, Piyarathna DWB, Kamal AHM, Putluri V, Ravi SS, Bollag RJ, Terris MK, Lotan Y, Putluri N. Lipidomic Profiling Identifies a Novel Lipid Signature Associated with Ethnicity-Specific Disparity of Bladder Cancer. Metabolites 2022; 12:metabo12060544. [PMID: 35736477 PMCID: PMC9230655 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12060544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Revised: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Bladder Cancer (BLCA) is the ninth most frequently diagnosed cancer globally and the sixth most common cancer in the US. African Americans (AA) exhibit half the BLCA incidence compared to European Americans (EA), but they have a 70% higher risk of cancer-related death; unfortunately, this disparity in BLCA mortality remains poorly understood. In this study, we have used an ethnicity-balanced cohort for unbiased lipidomics profiling to study the changes in the lipid fingerprint for AA and EA BLCA tissues collected from similar geographical regions to determine a signature of ethnic-specific alterations. We identified 86 lipids significantly altered between self-reported AA and EA BLCA patients from Augusta University (AU) cohort. The majority of altered lipids belong to phosphatidylcholines (PCs), phosphatidylethanolamines (PEs), ly sophosphatidylcholines (lysoPCs), phosphatidylserines (PSs), and diglycerides (DGs). Interestingly, levels of four lysoPCs (lyso PCs 20:3, lyso PCs 22:1, lyso PCs 22:2, and lyso PCs 26:1) were elevated while, in contrast, the majority of the PCs were reduced in AA BLCA. Significant alterations in long-chain monounsaturated (MonoUN) and polyunsaturated (PolyUN) lipids were also observed between AA and EA BLCA tumor tissues. These first-in-field results implicate ethnic-specific lipid alterations in BLCA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karthik Reddy Kami Reddy
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (K.R.K.R.); (D.W.B.P.); (S.S.R.)
| | | | - Abu Hena Mostafa Kamal
- Advanced Technology Cores, Dan L Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (A.H.M.K.); (V.P.)
| | - Vasanta Putluri
- Advanced Technology Cores, Dan L Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (A.H.M.K.); (V.P.)
| | - Shiva Shankar Ravi
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (K.R.K.R.); (D.W.B.P.); (S.S.R.)
| | - Roni J. Bollag
- Georgia Cancer Center, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA; (R.J.B.); (M.K.T.)
| | - Martha K. Terris
- Georgia Cancer Center, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA; (R.J.B.); (M.K.T.)
| | - Yair Lotan
- Department of Urology, University of Texas Southwestern, Dallas, TX 75390, USA;
| | - Nagireddy Putluri
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (K.R.K.R.); (D.W.B.P.); (S.S.R.)
- Advanced Technology Cores, Dan L Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (A.H.M.K.); (V.P.)
- Correspondence:
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Manna PR, Ahmed AU, Molehin D, Narasimhan M, Pruitt K, Reddy PH. Hormonal and Genetic Regulatory Events in Breast Cancer and Its Therapeutics: Importance of the Steroidogenic Acute Regulatory Protein. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10061313. [PMID: 35740335 PMCID: PMC9220045 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10061313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Estrogen promotes the development and survival of the majority of breast cancers (BCs). Aromatase is the rate-limiting enzyme in estrogen biosynthesis, and it is immensely expressed in both cancerous and non-cancerous breast tissues. Endocrine therapy based on estrogen blockade, by aromatase inhibitors, has been the mainstay of BC treatment in post-menopausal women; however, resistance to hormone therapy is the leading cause of cancer death. An improved understanding of the molecular underpinnings is the key to develop therapeutic strategies for countering the most prevalent hormone receptor positive BCs. Of note, cholesterol is the precursor of all steroid hormones that are synthesized in a variety of tissues and play crucial roles in diverse processes, ranging from organogenesis to homeostasis to carcinogenesis. The rate-limiting step in steroid biosynthesis is the transport of cholesterol from the outer to the inner mitochondrial membrane, a process that is primarily mediated by the steroidogenic acute regulatory (StAR) protein. Advances in genomic and proteomic technologies have revealed a dynamic link between histone deacetylases (HDACs) and StAR, aromatase, and estrogen regulation. We were the first to report that StAR is abundantly expressed, along with large amounts of 17β-estradiol (E2), in hormone-dependent, but not hormone-independent, BCs, in which StAR was also identified as a novel acetylated protein. Our in-silico analyses of The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) datasets, for StAR and steroidogenic enzyme genes, revealed an inverse correlation between the amplification of the StAR gene and the poor survival of BC patients. Additionally, we reported that a number of HDAC inhibitors, by altering StAR acetylation patterns, repress E2 synthesis in hormone-sensitive BC cells. This review highlights the current understanding of molecular pathogenesis of BCs, especially for luminal subtypes, and their therapeutics, underlining that StAR could serve not only as a prognostic marker, but also as a therapeutic candidate, in the prevention and treatment of this life-threatening disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pulak R. Manna
- Department of Internal Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-806-743-3573; Fax: +1-806-743-3143
| | - Ahsen U. Ahmed
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA;
| | - Deborah Molehin
- Immunology and Molecular Microbiology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA; (D.M.); (K.P.)
| | - Madhusudhanan Narasimhan
- Neuroscience and Pharmacology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA;
| | - Kevin Pruitt
- Immunology and Molecular Microbiology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA; (D.M.); (K.P.)
| | - P. Hemachandra Reddy
- Department of Internal Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA;
- Neuroscience and Pharmacology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA;
- Neurology, Departments of School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA
- Public Health Department of Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA
- Department of Speech, Language and Hearing Sciences, School Health Professions, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA
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MA Z, LI Z, WANG H, WANG R, HAN X. Screening of serum oxysterol biomarkers for colon cancer by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Se Pu 2022; 40:541-546. [PMID: 35616199 PMCID: PMC9404029 DOI: 10.3724/sp.j.1123.2022.01001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/09/2022] Open
Abstract
结肠癌(CC)是全球常见恶性肿瘤之一,发病率呈逐年上升趋势,目前没有有效的标志物用于疾病早期诊断和干预跟踪。胆固醇及其氧化衍生物氧固醇在众多恶性肿瘤发生发展中发挥关键作用。该研究采用液相色谱-串联质谱(LC-MS/MS)技术,对CC临床血清样本中胆固醇及相关10种氧固醇代谢物进行了定性定量分析,并采用偏最小二乘判别分析(PLS-DA)和正交偏最小二乘判别分析(OPLS-DA)进行多元统计分析,发现上述目标代谢物能够较好地区分CC组与健康对照组。为防止数据过拟合,该研究在PLS-DA模型各代谢物变量投影重要性(VIP)基础上,结合最优组分数及K-均值聚类结果,筛选得到3种代谢标志物。通过受试者操作特征曲线(ROC)的曲线下面积(AUC)分析,发现筛选得到的3种潜在标志物联合预测CC达到0.998,说明模型性能优良。GO(基因本体论)富集分析显示3种潜在标志物主要分布在内质网和包被囊泡上,参与胆固醇代谢、运输、低密度脂蛋白重塑等生物进程,发挥胆固醇运输活性和低密度脂蛋白颗粒受体结合的分子功能。KEGG(京都基因与基因组百科全书)通路分析显示3种潜在标志物富集于类固醇生物合成、PPAR(过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体)信号通路及ABC(ATP结合盒)转运等通路上。该研究为寻找CC标志物及进一步阐明胆固醇及氧固醇在CC发病过程中的作用奠定了一定的基础。
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Tao JH, Wang XT, Yuan W, Chen JN, Wang ZJ, Ma YB, Zhao FQ, Zhang LY, Ma J, Liu Q. Reduced serum high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels and aberrantly expressed cholesterol metabolism genes in colorectal cancer. World J Clin Cases 2022; 10:4446-4459. [PMID: 35663062 PMCID: PMC9125299 DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v10.i14.4446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Revised: 03/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a common malignant tumor of the gastrointestinal tract. Lipid metabolism, as an important part of material and energy circulation, is well known to play a crucial role in CRC.
AIM To explore the relationship between serum lipids and CRC development and identify aberrantly expressed cholesterol metabolism genes in CRC.
METHODS We retrospectively collected 843 patients who had confirmed CRC and received surgical resection from 2013 to 2015 at the Cancer Hospital of the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences as our research subjects. The levels of serum total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), LDL-C/HDL-C and clinical features were collected and statistically analyzed by SPSS. Then, we used the data from Oncomine to screen the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) of the cholesterol metabolism pathway in CRC and used Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis to confirm the candidate DEGs. PrognoScan was used to analyze the prognostic value of the DEGs, and Search Tool for the Retrieval of Interacting Genes was used to construct the protein–protein interaction network of DEGs.
RESULTS The serum HDL-C level in CRC patients was significantly correlated with tumor size, and patients whose tumor size was more than 5 cm had a lower serum HDL-C level (1.18 ± 0.41 mmol/L vs 1.25 ± 0.35 mmol/L, P < 0.01) than their counterparts. In addition, TC/HDL (4.19 ± 1.33 vs 3.93 ± 1.26, P < 0.01) and LDL-C/HDL-C (2.83 ± 1.10 vs 2.61 ± 0.96, P < 0.01) were higher in patients with larger tumors. The levels of HDL-C (P < 0.05), TC/HDL-C (P < 0.01) and LDL-C/HDL-C (P < 0.05) varied in different stages of CRC patients, and the differences were significant. We screened 14 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) of the cholesterol metabolism pathway in CRC and confirmed that lipoprotein receptor-related protein 8 (LRP8), PCSK9, low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR), MBTPS2 and FDXR are upregulated, while ABCA1 and OSBPL1A are downregulated in cancer tissue. Higher expression of LDLR (HR = 3.12, 95%CI: 1.77-5.49, P < 0.001), ABCA1 (HR = 1.66, 95%CI: 1.11-2.48, P = 0.012) and OSBPL1A (HR = 1.38, 95%CI: 1.01-1.89, P = 0.041) all yielded significantly poorer DFS outcomes. Higher expression of FDXR (HR = 0.7, 95%CI: 0.47-1.05, P = 0.002) was correlated with longer DFS. LDLR, ABCA1, OSBPL1A and FDXR were involved in many important cellular function pathways.
CONCLUSION Serum HDL-C levels are associated with tumor size and stage in CRC patients. LRP8, PCSK9, LDLR, MBTPS2 and FDXR are upregulated, while ABCA1 and OSBPL1A are downregulated in CRC. Among them, LDLR, ABCA1, OSBPL1A and FDXR were valuable prognostic factors of DFS and were involved in important cellular function pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Hua Tao
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Xiao-Tong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Clinical Immunology Center, National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Wei Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Clinical Immunology Center, National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Jia-Nan Chen
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Zhi-Jie Wang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Yun-Bin Ma
- Department of Abodominal Surgery, Beijing Sanhuan Cancer Hospital, Beijing 100122, China
| | - Fu-Qiang Zhao
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Liu-Yuan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Clinical Immunology Center, National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Jie Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Clinical Immunology Center, National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Qian Liu
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China
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Oxysterols are potential physiological regulators of ageing. Ageing Res Rev 2022; 77:101615. [PMID: 35351610 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2022.101615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Delaying and even reversing ageing is a major public health challenge with a tremendous potential to postpone a plethora of diseases including cancer, metabolic syndromes and neurodegenerative disorders. A better understanding of ageing as well as the development of innovative anti-ageing strategies are therefore an increasingly important field of research. Several biological processes including inflammation, proteostasis, epigenetic, oxidative stress, stem cell exhaustion, senescence and stress adaptive response have been reported for their key role in ageing. In this review, we describe the relationships that have been established between cholesterol homeostasis, in particular at the level of oxysterols, and ageing. Initially considered as harmful pro-inflammatory and cytotoxic metabolites, oxysterols are currently emerging as an expanding family of fine regulators of various biological processes involved in ageing. Indeed, depending of their chemical structure and their concentration, oxysterols exhibit deleterious or beneficial effects on inflammation, oxidative stress and cell survival. In addition, stem cell differentiation, epigenetics, cellular senescence and proteostasis are also modulated by oxysterols. Altogether, these data support the fact that ageing is influenced by an oxysterol profile. Further studies are thus required to explore more deeply the impact of the "oxysterome" on ageing and therefore this cholesterol metabolic pathway constitutes a promising target for future anti-ageing interventions.
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Ayyagari V, Li M, Pasman Z, Wang X, Louis S, Diaz-Sylvester P, Groesch K, Wilson T, Brard L. Assessment of the diagnostic and prognostic relevance of ACAT1 and CE levels in plasma, peritoneal fluid and tumor tissue of epithelial ovarian cancer patients - a pilot study. BMC Cancer 2022; 22:387. [PMID: 35399074 PMCID: PMC8994887 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-022-09476-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Abnormal accumulation of acyl-CoA cholesterol acyltransferase-1 (ACAT1) and ACAT1-mediated cholesterol esterified with fatty acids (CE) contribute to cancer progression in various cancers. Our findings of increased CE and ACAT1 levels in epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) cell lines prompted us to investigate whether such an increase occurs in primary clinical samples obtained from human subjects diagnosed with EOC. We evaluated the diagnostic/prognostic potential of ACAT1 and CE in EOC by: 1) assessing ACAT1 and CE levels in plasma, peritoneal fluid, and ovarian/tumor tissues; 2) assessing diagnostic performance by Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) analysis; and 3) comparing expression of ACAT1 and CE with that of tumor proliferation marker, Ki67.
Methods
ACAT1 protein levels in plasma, peritoneal fluid and tissue were measured via enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Tissue expression of ACAT1 and Ki67 proteins were confirmed by immunohistochemistry and mRNA transcript levels were evaluated using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). CE levels were assessed in plasma, peritoneal fluid (colorimetric assay) and in tissue (thin layer chromatography).
Results
Preoperative levels of ACAT1 and CE on the day of surgery were significantly higher in tissue and peritoneal fluid from EOC patients vs. the non-malignant group, which included subjects with benign tumors and normal ovaries; however, no significant differences were observed in plasma. In tissue and peritoneal fluid, positive correlations were observed between CE and ACAT1 levels, as well as between ACAT1/CE and Ki67.
Conclusions
ACAT1 and CE accumulation may be linked to the aggressive potential of EOC; therefore, these mediators may be useful biomarkers for EOC prognosis and target-specific treatments.
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Kapoor K, Thangapandian S, Tajkhorshid E. Extended-ensemble docking to probe dynamic variation of ligand binding sites during large-scale structural changes of proteins. Chem Sci 2022; 13:4150-4169. [PMID: 35440993 PMCID: PMC8985516 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc00841f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Proteins can sample a broad landscape as they undergo conformational transition between different functional states. At the same time, as key players in almost all cellular processes, proteins are important drug targets. Considering the different conformational states of a protein is therefore central for a successful drug-design strategy. Here we introduce a novel docking protocol, termed extended-ensemble docking, pertaining to proteins that undergo large-scale (global) conformational changes during their function. In its application to multidrug ABC-transporter P-glycoprotein (Pgp), extensive non-equilibrium molecular dynamics simulations employing system-specific collective variables are first used to describe the transition cycle of the transporter. An extended set of conformations (extended ensemble) representing the full transition cycle between the inward- and the outward-facing states is then used to seed high-throughput docking calculations of known substrates, non-substrates, and modulators of the transporter. Large differences are predicted in the binding affinities to different conformations, with compounds showing stronger binding affinities to intermediate conformations compared to the starting crystal structure. Hierarchical clustering of the binding modes shows all ligands preferably bind to the large central cavity of the protein, formed at the apex of the transmembrane domain (TMD), whereas only small binding populations are observed in the previously described R and H sites present within the individual TMD leaflets. Based on the results, the central cavity is further divided into two major subsites, first preferably binding smaller substrates and high-affinity inhibitors, whereas the second one shows preference for larger substrates and low-affinity modulators. These central subsites along with the low-affinity interaction sites present within the individual TMD leaflets may respectively correspond to the proposed high- and low-affinity binding sites in Pgp. We propose further an optimization strategy for developing more potent inhibitors of Pgp, based on increasing its specificity to the extended ensemble of the protein, instead of using a single protein structure, as well as its selectivity for the high-affinity binding site. In contrast to earlier in silico studies using single static structures of Pgp, our results show better agreement with experimental studies, pointing to the importance of incorporating the global conformational flexibility of proteins in future drug-discovery endeavors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karan Kapoor
- Theoretical and Computational Biophysics Group, NIH Center for Macromolecular Modeling and Bioinformatics, Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, Department of Biochemistry, Center for Biophysics and Quantitative Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Urbana IL 61801 USA
| | - Sundar Thangapandian
- Theoretical and Computational Biophysics Group, NIH Center for Macromolecular Modeling and Bioinformatics, Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, Department of Biochemistry, Center for Biophysics and Quantitative Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Urbana IL 61801 USA
| | - Emad Tajkhorshid
- Theoretical and Computational Biophysics Group, NIH Center for Macromolecular Modeling and Bioinformatics, Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, Department of Biochemistry, Center for Biophysics and Quantitative Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Urbana IL 61801 USA
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Zhou H, Nong Y, Zhu Y, Liang Y, Zhang J, Chen H, Zhu P, Zhang Q. Serum untargeted lipidomics by UHPLC-ESI-HRMS aids the biomarker discovery of colorectal adenoma. BMC Cancer 2022; 22:314. [PMID: 35331175 PMCID: PMC8943952 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-022-09427-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Colorectal adenoma (CA) is an important precancerous lesion and early screening target of colorectal cancer (CRC). Lipids with numerous physiological functions are proved to be involved in the development of CRC. However, there is no lipidomic study with large-scale serum samples on diagnostic biomarkers for CA. METHODS The serum lipidomics of CA patients (n = 50) and normal control (NR) (n = 50) was performed by ultra high performance liquid chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry with electrospray ionization (UHPLC-ESI-HRMS). Univariate and multivariate statistical analyses were utilized to screen the differential lipids between groups, and combining the constituent ratio analysis and diagnostic efficiency evaluation by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve disclosed the potential mechanism and biomarkers for CA. RESULTS There were obvious differences in serum lipid profiles between CA and NR groups. Totally, 79 differential lipids were selected by criterion of P < 0.05 and fold change > 1.5 or < 0.67. Triacylglycerols (TAGs) and phosphatidylcholines (PCs) were the major differential lipids with ratio > 60%, indicating these two lipid metabolic pathways showed evident disequilibrium, which could contribute to CA formation. Of them, 12 differential lipids had good diagnostic ability as candidate biomarkers for CA (AUC ≥ 0.900) by ROC analysis. CONCLUSIONS To our knowledge, this is the first attempt to profile serum lipidomics and explore lipid biomarkers of CA to help early screening of CRC. 12 differential lipids are obtained to act as potential diagnostic markers of CA. PCs and fatty acids were the main dysregulated biomarkers for CA in serum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hailin Zhou
- Medical College of Guangxi University, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530004, PR China
| | - Yanying Nong
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ruikang Hospital Affilated to Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi, 530011, PR China
| | - Yifan Zhu
- Medical College of Guangxi University, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530004, PR China
| | - Yunxiao Liang
- Department of Gastroenterology, People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, PR China
| | - Jiahao Zhang
- Medical College of Guangxi University, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530004, PR China
| | - Hongwei Chen
- Medical College of Guangxi University, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530004, PR China
| | - Pingchuan Zhu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530004, PR China
| | - Qisong Zhang
- Medical College of Guangxi University, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530004, PR China.
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Patel KK, Kashfi K. Lipoproteins and cancer: The role of HDL-C, LDL-C, and cholesterol-lowering drugs. Biochem Pharmacol 2022; 196:114654. [PMID: 34129857 PMCID: PMC8665945 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2021.114654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Revised: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Cholesterol is an amphipathic sterol molecule that is vital for maintaining normal physiological homeostasis. It is a relatively complicated molecule with 27 carbons whose synthesis starts with 2-carbon units. This in itself signifies the importance of this molecule. Cholesterol serves as a precursor for vitamin D, bile acids, and hormones, including estrogens, androgens, progestogens, and corticosteroids. Although essential, high cholesterol levels are associated with cardiovascular and kidney diseases and cancer initiation, progression, and metastasis. Although there are some contrary reports, current literature suggests a positive association between serum cholesterol levels and the risk and extent of cancer development. In this review, we first present a brief overview of cholesterol biosynthesis and its transport, then elucidate the role of cholesterol in the progression of some cancers. Suggested mechanisms for cholesterol-mediated cancer progression are plentiful and include the activation of oncogenic signaling pathways and the induction of oxidative stress, among others. The specific roles of the lipoprotein molecules, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and low-density lipoprotein (LDL), in this pathogenesis, are also reviewed. Finally, we hone on the potential role of some cholesterol-lowering medications in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kush K Patel
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Biomedical Sciences, Sophie Davis School of Biomedical Education, City University of New York School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Khosrow Kashfi
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Biomedical Sciences, Sophie Davis School of Biomedical Education, City University of New York School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA; Graduate Program in Biology, City University of New York Graduate Center, NY, USA.
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Matsumoto T, Kitano Y, Imai K, Kinoshita S, Sato H, Shiraishi Y, Mima K, Hayashi H, Yamashita YI, Baba H. Clinical significance of preoperative inflammation-based score for the prognosis of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma who underwent hepatectomy. Surg Today 2022; 52:1008-1015. [PMID: 35083547 DOI: 10.1007/s00595-021-02427-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSES The present study investigated the prognostic value of inflammation-based prognostic scores in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) who underwent hepatectomy. METHODS In total, 493 patients diagnosed HCC using the Milan criteria who underwent hepatic resection were retrospectively analyzed. Patients were evaluated according to several prognostic nutrition indices. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to identify clinicopathological variables associated with the overall survival (OS). RESULTS According to a univariate analysis, higher values in the Glasgow Prognostic Score [GPS] (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.99, p = 0.002), modified GPS [mGPS] (HR = 2.26, p < 0.001), C-reactive protein [CRP]-to-albumin ratio [CAR] (HR = 1.86, p = 0.0012), and CONUT (HR = 1.65, p = 0.008) and a lower value of prognostic nutritional index [PNI] (HR = 2.36, p < 0.001) were significantly associated with a poor OS. A multivariate analysis showed that a CAR ≥ 0.037 (HR = 1.67, 95% CI 1.06-2.64, p = 0.03), FIB4-index > 3.25 (HR = 1.98, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.25-3.14, p = 0.004) and PIVKA-II > 40 mAU/ml (HR = 1.72, 95% CI 1.14-2.61, p = 0.01) were independent prognostic factors. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrated that the CAR was an independent prognostic score in patients with HCC and superior to other inflammation-based prognostic scores in terms of the prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Matsumoto
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan
| | - Yuki Kitano
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan
| | - Katsunori Imai
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan
| | - Shotaro Kinoshita
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan
| | - Hiroki Sato
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan
| | - Yuta Shiraishi
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan
| | - Kosuke Mima
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan
| | - Hiromitsu Hayashi
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan
| | - Yo-Ichi Yamashita
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan
| | - Hideo Baba
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan.
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Jose J, Hoque M, Engel J, Beevi SS, Wahba M, Georgieva MI, Murphy KJ, Hughes WE, Cochran BJ, Lu A, Tebar F, Hoy AJ, Timpson P, Rye KA, Enrich C, Rentero C, Grewal T. Annexin A6 and NPC1 regulate LDL-inducible cell migration and distribution of focal adhesions. Sci Rep 2022; 12:596. [PMID: 35022465 PMCID: PMC8755831 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-04584-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Cholesterol is considered indispensable for cell motility, but how physiological cholesterol pools enable cells to move forward remains to be clarified. The majority of cells obtain cholesterol from the uptake of Low-Density lipoproteins (LDL) and here we demonstrate that LDL stimulates A431 squamous epithelial carcinoma and Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cell migration and invasion. LDL also potentiated epidermal growth factor (EGF) -stimulated A431 cell migration as well as A431 invasion in 3-dimensional environments, using organotypic assays. Blocking cholesterol export from late endosomes (LE), using Niemann Pick Type C1 (NPC1) mutant cells, pharmacological NPC1 inhibition or overexpression of the annexin A6 (AnxA6) scaffold protein, compromised LDL-inducible migration and invasion. Nevertheless, NPC1 mutant cells established focal adhesions (FA) that contain activated focal adhesion kinase (pY397FAK, pY861FAK), vinculin and paxillin. Compared to controls, NPC1 mutants display increased FA numbers throughout the cell body, but lack LDL-inducible FA formation at cell edges. Strikingly, AnxA6 depletion in NPC1 mutant cells, which restores late endosomal cholesterol export in these cells, increases their cell motility and association of the cholesterol biosensor D4H with active FAK at cell edges, indicating that AnxA6-regulated transport routes contribute to cholesterol delivery to FA structures, thereby improving NPC1 mutant cell migratory behaviour.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaimy Jose
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Monira Hoque
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia.,Save Sight Institute, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2000, Australia
| | - Johanna Engel
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Syed S Beevi
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia.,KIMS Foundation and Research Centre, KIMS Hospitals, 1-8-31/1, Minister Road, Secunderabad, Telangana, 500003, India
| | - Mohamed Wahba
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Mariya Ilieva Georgieva
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Kendelle J Murphy
- Cancer Research Program, Garvan Institute of Medical Research and Kinghorn Cancer Centre, St. Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2010, Australia
| | - William E Hughes
- Children's Medical Research Institute, University of Sydney, Westmead, NSW, 2145, Australia
| | - Blake J Cochran
- School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Albert Lu
- Departament de Biomedicina, Unitat de Biologia Cellular, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Universitat de Barcelona, 08036, Barcelona, Spain.,Centre de Recerca Biomèdica CELLEX, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), 08036, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Francesc Tebar
- Departament de Biomedicina, Unitat de Biologia Cellular, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Universitat de Barcelona, 08036, Barcelona, Spain.,Centre de Recerca Biomèdica CELLEX, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), 08036, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Andrew J Hoy
- School of Medical Sciences, Charles Perkins Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Paul Timpson
- Cancer Research Program, Garvan Institute of Medical Research and Kinghorn Cancer Centre, St. Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2010, Australia
| | - Kerry-Anne Rye
- School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Carlos Enrich
- Departament de Biomedicina, Unitat de Biologia Cellular, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Universitat de Barcelona, 08036, Barcelona, Spain.,Centre de Recerca Biomèdica CELLEX, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), 08036, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carles Rentero
- Departament de Biomedicina, Unitat de Biologia Cellular, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Universitat de Barcelona, 08036, Barcelona, Spain. .,Centre de Recerca Biomèdica CELLEX, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), 08036, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Thomas Grewal
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia.
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Gunda V, Genaro-Mattos TC, Kaushal JB, Chirravuri-Venkata R, Natarajan G, Mallya K, Grandgenett PM, Mirnics K, Batra SK, Korade Z, Rachagani S. Ubiquitous Aberration in Cholesterol Metabolism across Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma. Metabolites 2022; 12:metabo12010047. [PMID: 35050168 PMCID: PMC8779872 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12010047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Revised: 12/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer (PC) is characterized by metabolic deregulations that often manifest as deviations in metabolite levels and aberrations in their corresponding metabolic genes across the clinical specimens and preclinical PC models. Cholesterol is one of the critical metabolites supporting PC, synthesized or acquired by PC cells. Nevertheless, the significance of the de novo cholesterol synthesis pathway has been controversial in PC, indicating the need to reassess this pathway in PC. We utilized preclinical models and clinical specimens of PC patients and cell lines and utilized mass spectrometry-based sterol analysis. Further, we also performed in silico analysis to corroborate the significance of de novo cholesterol synthesis pathway in PC. Our results demonstrated alteration in free sterol levels, including free cholesterol, across in vitro, in vivo, and clinical specimens of PC. Especially, our sterol analyses established consistent alterations in free cholesterol across the different PC models. Overall, this study demonstrates the significance and consistency in deviation of cholesterol synthesis pathway in PC while showing the aberrations in sterol metabolite intermediates and the related genes using preclinical models, in silico platforms, and the clinical specimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Venugopal Gunda
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA; (V.G.); (J.B.K.); (R.C.-V.); (G.N.); (K.M.); (S.K.B.)
| | - Thiago C. Genaro-Mattos
- Munroe-Meyer Institute for Genetics and Rehabilitation, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68106, USA; (T.C.G.-M.); (K.M.)
| | - Jyoti B. Kaushal
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA; (V.G.); (J.B.K.); (R.C.-V.); (G.N.); (K.M.); (S.K.B.)
| | - Ramakanth Chirravuri-Venkata
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA; (V.G.); (J.B.K.); (R.C.-V.); (G.N.); (K.M.); (S.K.B.)
| | - Gopalakrishnan Natarajan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA; (V.G.); (J.B.K.); (R.C.-V.); (G.N.); (K.M.); (S.K.B.)
| | - Kavita Mallya
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA; (V.G.); (J.B.K.); (R.C.-V.); (G.N.); (K.M.); (S.K.B.)
| | - Paul M. Grandgenett
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA;
| | - Karoly Mirnics
- Munroe-Meyer Institute for Genetics and Rehabilitation, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68106, USA; (T.C.G.-M.); (K.M.)
| | - Surinder K. Batra
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA; (V.G.); (J.B.K.); (R.C.-V.); (G.N.); (K.M.); (S.K.B.)
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
- Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Zeljka Korade
- Department of Pediatrics, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA;
| | - Satyanarayana Rachagani
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA; (V.G.); (J.B.K.); (R.C.-V.); (G.N.); (K.M.); (S.K.B.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-(402)559-3312; Fax: +1-(402)559-6650
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Abdulla N, Vincent CT, Kaur M. Mechanistic Insights Delineating the Role of Cholesterol in Epithelial Mesenchymal Transition and Drug Resistance in Cancer. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:728325. [PMID: 34869315 PMCID: PMC8640133 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.728325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the significant advancements made in targeted anti-cancer therapy, drug resistance constitutes a multifaceted phenomenon leading to therapy failure and ultimately mortality. Emerging experimental evidence highlight a role of cholesterol metabolism in facilitating drug resistance in cancer. This review aims to describe the role of cholesterol in facilitating multi-drug resistance in cancer. We focus on specific signaling pathways that contribute to drug resistance and the link between these pathways and cholesterol. Additionally, we briefly discuss the molecular mechanisms related to the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), and the documented link between EMT, metastasis and drug resistance. We illustrate this by specifically focusing on hypoxia and the role it plays in influencing cellular cholesterol content following EMT induction. Finally, we provide a proposed model delineating the crucial role of cholesterol in EMT and discuss whether targeting cholesterol could serve as a novel means of combatting drug resistance in cancer progression and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naaziyah Abdulla
- School of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - C Theresa Vincent
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala, Sweden.,Department of Microbiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| | - Mandeep Kaur
- School of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
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Tolunay T, Arıkan ŞM, Öztürk R, Tolunay H. The relationship of systemic inflammatory biomarkers and cardiac parameters with malignancy in patients with soft tissue tumors located in the extremity. Jt Dis Relat Surg 2021; 32:698-704. [PMID: 34842102 PMCID: PMC8650658 DOI: 10.52312/jdrs.2021.392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives
In this study, we aimed to investigate the contribution of systemic inflammatory biomarkers to the diagnosis and to examine the relationship between cardiac parameters and malignancy in patients with extremity soft tissue sarcomas (STSs). Patients and methods
Between January 2011 and December 2020, a total of 256 patients (155 males, 101 females; median age: 50 years; range, 18 to 87 years) who were diagnosed with benign and malignant soft tissue tumors were retrospectively analyzed. The control group consisted of a total of 150 age- and sex-matched healthy individuals (83 males, 67 females; median age: 52 years; range 19 to 76 years) with complete blood count analysis and having no STS. Demographic characteristics, laboratory parameters, and echocardiographic data of the patients were obtained from the hospital database. The neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) were calculated. Results
Of a total of 256 patients included, 99 were diagnosed with benign tumors and 157 with malignant tumors. Lipoma was observed with the highest frequency of 40.4% among benign tumors, while malignant mesenchymal tumor (35.0%) was the most common tumor in the malignant group. There was no significant difference between the control and benign groups (p=0.198 and p=0.553, respectively), while the NLR and PLR of the malignant group were higher than both the control and benign groups, indicating a statistical significance (p<0.001). Total cholesterol, albumin, and ejection fraction (EF) levels of patients in the malignant group were significantly lower than the benign group (p=0.01, p<0.001, and p=0.046, respectively). According to the receiver operating characteristic curve, a cut-off value of 2.17 for NLR (sensitivity=64.1%, specificity=72%) and a cut-off value of 138.2 for PLR (sensitivity=60.9%, specificity=60.7%) were determined to distinguish malignant patients from healthy individuals. To distinguish malignant patients from the benign group, the cut-off values of NLR and PLR were 2.24 (sensitivity=62.8%, specificity=67.7%) and 137.9 (sensitivity=61%, specificity= 59.6%), respectively. Conclusion
Our study results suggest that NLR and PLR can be used as diagnostic markers in malignant soft tissue tumors located in the extremities. In addition, total cholesterol, albumin, and EF values are lower than normal in malignant soft tissue tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Recep Öztürk
- Dr. Abdurrahman Yurtaslan Ankara Onkoloji Eğitim ve Araştırma Hastanesi, Ortopedi ve Travmatoloji Kliniği, 06200 Yenimahalle, Ankara, Türkiye.
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The prognostic significance of controlling nutritional status (CONUT) score for surgically treated renal cell cancer and upper urinary tract urothelial cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur J Clin Nutr 2021; 76:801-810. [PMID: 34815539 DOI: 10.1038/s41430-021-01014-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2021] [Revised: 09/11/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
In order to evaluate the predictive effect of the controlled nutritional status (CONUT) score on the prognosis of patients with renal cell carcinoma (RCC) and upper urinary tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC), a meta-analysis was performed. This systematic review has been registered on PROSPERO, the registration ID is CRD42021251879. A systematic search of the published literature using PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, EMBASE, and MEDLINE was performed. The fields of "renal cell cancer," "upper tract urothelial cancer," and "controlling nutritional status" and other fields were used as search terms. STATA 16 software was used to carry out data merging and statistical analysis of binary variables, Q test and χ2 tests were used to verify the heterogeneity between the included works of studies. Subgroup analysis and sensitivity analysis were used to explain the sources of heterogeneity between studies. Begg's test was used to assess publication bias between studies. From the first 542 studies retrieved, through strict inclusion and exclusion criteria, 7 studies finally met the requirements and were included in the meta-analysis. Pooled results indicated that high CONUT indicates worse over survival (OS) [HR = 1.70, 95% CI (1.43-2.03), P = 0.02], cancer-specific survival (CSS) [HR = 1.84, 95% CI (1.52-2.23), P = 0.01], recurrence-free survival (RFS) [HR = 1.60, 95% CI (1.26-2.03), P = 0.116], and disease-free survival (DFS) [HR = 1.47, 95% CI (1.20-1.81), P = 0.03]. Based on cancer type, cutoff value, region, and sample size, a subgroup analysis was performed. The results showed that OS and CSS were not affected by the above factors, and the high CONUT score before surgery predicted worse OS and CSS. In conclusion, this meta-analysis revealed that the preoperative CONUT score is a potential independent predictor of the postoperative prognosis of RCC/UTUC patients. A high CONUT predicts worse OS/CSS/DFS and RFS in patients.
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A New Survival Model Based on Cholesterol Biosynthesis-Related Genes for Prognostic Prediction in Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 2021:9972968. [PMID: 34513998 PMCID: PMC8433024 DOI: 10.1155/2021/9972968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2021] [Revised: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
In our study, the value of cholesterol biosynthesis is related to clinical analysis in 32 cancer forms in the GSEA database facility. We have a mutation between 25 CBRGs. In The Cancer Genome Atlas database, clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC, n = 539) was upregulated or downregulated in 22 out of 25 cases (n = 72) compared with normal kidney tissue. Then, using LASSO regression analysis, the survival model that is based on nine risk-related CBRGs (CYP51A1, HMGCR, HMGCS1, IDI1, FDFT1, SQLE, ACAT2, FDPS, and NSDHL) is established. ROC curves confirmed the good omen of the new survival mode, and the area under the curve is 0.72 (5 years) and 0.709 (10 years). High SQLE and ACAT2 expression and low NSDHL, FDPS, CYP51A1, FDFT1, HMGCS1, HMGCR, and IDI1 expression were closely related to patients with high-risk renal clear cell carcinoma. Two types of Cox regression, uni- and multivariate, were used to determine risk scores, age, staging, and grade as independent risk factors for prognosis in patients with clear cell renal cell carcinoma. The results showed the prediction model established by 9 selected CBRGs could predict the prognosis more accurately.
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50
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Role of ERLINs in the Control of Cell Fate through Lipid Rafts. Cells 2021; 10:cells10092408. [PMID: 34572057 PMCID: PMC8470593 DOI: 10.3390/cells10092408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Revised: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
ER lipid raft-associated protein 1 (ERLIN1) and 2 (ERLIN2) are 40 kDa transmembrane glycoproteins belonging to the family of prohibitins, containing a PHB domain. They are generally localized in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), where ERLIN1 forms a heteroligomeric complex with its closely related ERLIN2. Well-defined functions of ERLINS are promotion of ER-associated protein degradation, mediation of inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP3) receptors, processing and regulation of lipid metabolism. Until now, ERLINs have been exclusively considered protein markers of ER lipid raft-like microdomains. However, under pathophysiological conditions, they have been described within mitochondria-associated endoplasmic reticulum membranes (MAMs), tethering sites between ER and mitochondria, characterized by the presence of specialized raft-like subdomains enriched in cholesterol and gangliosides, which play a key role in the membrane scrambling and function. In this context, it is emerging that ER lipid raft-like microdomains proteins, i.e., ERLINs, may drive mitochondria-ER crosstalk under both physiological and pathological conditions by association with MAMs, regulating the two main processes underlined, survival and death. In this review, we describe the role of ERLINs in determining cell fate by controlling the “interchange” between apoptosis and autophagy pathways, considering that their alteration has a significant impact on the pathogenesis of several human diseases.
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