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Richardson TE, Walker JM, Hambardzumyan D, Brem S, Hatanpaa KJ, Viapiano MS, Pai B, Umphlett M, Becher OJ, Snuderl M, McBrayer SK, Abdullah KG, Tsankova NM. Genetic and epigenetic instability as an underlying driver of progression and aggressive behavior in IDH-mutant astrocytoma. Acta Neuropathol 2024; 148:5. [PMID: 39012509 PMCID: PMC11252228 DOI: 10.1007/s00401-024-02761-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2024] [Revised: 06/28/2024] [Accepted: 06/29/2024] [Indexed: 07/17/2024]
Abstract
In recent years, the classification of adult-type diffuse gliomas has undergone a revolution, wherein specific molecular features now represent defining diagnostic criteria of IDH-wild-type glioblastomas, IDH-mutant astrocytomas, and IDH-mutant 1p/19q-codeleted oligodendrogliomas. With the introduction of the 2021 WHO CNS classification, additional molecular alterations are now integrated into the grading of these tumors, given equal weight to traditional histologic features. However, there remains a great deal of heterogeneity in patient outcome even within these established tumor subclassifications that is unexplained by currently codified molecular alterations, particularly in the IDH-mutant astrocytoma category. There is also significant intercellular genetic and epigenetic heterogeneity and plasticity with resulting phenotypic heterogeneity, making these tumors remarkably adaptable and robust, and presenting a significant barrier to the design of effective therapeutics. Herein, we review the mechanisms and consequences of genetic and epigenetic instability, including chromosomal instability (CIN), microsatellite instability (MSI)/mismatch repair (MMR) deficits, and epigenetic instability, in the underlying biology, tumorigenesis, and progression of IDH-mutant astrocytomas. We also discuss the contribution of recent high-resolution transcriptomics studies toward defining tumor heterogeneity with single-cell resolution. While intratumoral heterogeneity is a well-known feature of diffuse gliomas, the contribution of these various processes has only recently been considered as a potential driver of tumor aggressiveness. CIN has an independent, adverse effect on patient survival, similar to the effect of histologic grade and homozygous CDKN2A deletion, while MMR mutation is only associated with poor overall survival in univariate analysis but is highly correlated with higher histologic/molecular grade and other aggressive features. These forms of genomic instability, which may significantly affect the natural progression of these tumors, response to therapy, and ultimately clinical outcome for patients, are potentially measurable features which could aid in diagnosis, grading, prognosis, and development of personalized therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy E Richardson
- Department of Pathology, Molecular and Cell-Based Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1468 Madison Avenue, Annenberg Building, 15.238, New York, NY, 10029, USA.
| | - Jamie M Walker
- Department of Pathology, Molecular and Cell-Based Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1468 Madison Avenue, Annenberg Building, 15.238, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Dolores Hambardzumyan
- Department of Oncological Sciences, The Tisch Cancer Institute, Mount Sinai Icahn School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Mount Sinai Icahn School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Steven Brem
- Department of Neurosurgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Glioblastoma Translational Center of Excellence, Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Kimmo J Hatanpaa
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Mariano S Viapiano
- Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, State University of New York, Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, 13210, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, State University of New York, Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, 13210, USA
| | - Balagopal Pai
- Department of Pathology, Molecular and Cell-Based Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1468 Madison Avenue, Annenberg Building, 15.238, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Melissa Umphlett
- Department of Pathology, Molecular and Cell-Based Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1468 Madison Avenue, Annenberg Building, 15.238, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Oren J Becher
- Department of Oncological Sciences, The Tisch Cancer Institute, Mount Sinai Icahn School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Matija Snuderl
- Department of Pathology, New York University Langone Health, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Samuel K McBrayer
- Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
- Children's Medical Center Research Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Kalil G Abdullah
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 200 Lothrop St, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
- Hillman Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, 5115 Centre Ave, Pittsburgh, PA, 15232, USA
| | - Nadejda M Tsankova
- Department of Pathology, Molecular and Cell-Based Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1468 Madison Avenue, Annenberg Building, 15.238, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
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Hu L, Chen W, Qian A, Li YP. Wnt/β-catenin signaling components and mechanisms in bone formation, homeostasis, and disease. Bone Res 2024; 12:39. [PMID: 38987555 PMCID: PMC11237130 DOI: 10.1038/s41413-024-00342-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2023] [Revised: 04/27/2024] [Accepted: 05/12/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Wnts are secreted, lipid-modified proteins that bind to different receptors on the cell surface to activate canonical or non-canonical Wnt signaling pathways, which control various biological processes throughout embryonic development and adult life. Aberrant Wnt signaling pathway underlies a wide range of human disease pathogeneses. In this review, we provide an update of Wnt/β-catenin signaling components and mechanisms in bone formation, homeostasis, and diseases. The Wnt proteins, receptors, activators, inhibitors, and the crosstalk of Wnt signaling pathways with other signaling pathways are summarized and discussed. We mainly review Wnt signaling functions in bone formation, homeostasis, and related diseases, and summarize mouse models carrying genetic modifications of Wnt signaling components. Moreover, the therapeutic strategies for treating bone diseases by targeting Wnt signaling, including the extracellular molecules, cytosol components, and nuclear components of Wnt signaling are reviewed. In summary, this paper reviews our current understanding of the mechanisms by which Wnt signaling regulates bone formation, homeostasis, and the efforts targeting Wnt signaling for treating bone diseases. Finally, the paper evaluates the important questions in Wnt signaling to be further explored based on the progress of new biological analytical technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lifang Hu
- Laboratory for Bone Metabolism, Xi'an Key Laboratory of Special Medicine and Health Engineering, Key Laboratory for Space Biosciences and Biotechnology, Research Center for Special Medicine and Health Systems Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710072, China
| | - Wei Chen
- Division in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
| | - Airong Qian
- Laboratory for Bone Metabolism, Xi'an Key Laboratory of Special Medicine and Health Engineering, Key Laboratory for Space Biosciences and Biotechnology, Research Center for Special Medicine and Health Systems Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710072, China.
| | - Yi-Ping Li
- Division in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA.
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Sharma V, Sachan N, Sarkar B, Mutsuddi M, Mukherjee A. E3 ubiquitin ligase Deltex facilitates the expansion of Wingless gradient and antagonizes Wingless signaling through a conserved mechanism of transcriptional effector Armadillo/β-catenin degradation. eLife 2024; 12:RP88466. [PMID: 38900140 PMCID: PMC11189633 DOI: 10.7554/elife.88466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
The Wnt/Wg pathway controls myriads of biological phenomena throughout the development and adult life of all organisms across the phyla. Thus, an aberrant Wnt signaling is associated with a wide range of pathologies in humans. Tight regulation of Wnt/Wg signaling is required to maintain proper cellular homeostasis. Here, we report a novel role of E3 ubiquitin ligase Deltex in Wg signaling regulation. Drosophila dx genetically interacts with wg and its pathway components. Furthermore, Dx LOF results in a reduced spreading of Wg while its over-expression expands the diffusion gradient of the morphogen. We attribute this change in Wg gradient to the endocytosis of Wg through Dx which directly affects the short- and long-range Wg targets. We also demonstrate the role of Dx in regulating Wg effector Armadillo where Dx down-regulates Arm through proteasomal degradation. We also showed the conservation of Dx function in the mammalian system where DTX1 is shown to bind with β-catenin and facilitates its proteolytic degradation, spotlighting a novel step that potentially modulates Wnt/Wg signaling cascade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vartika Sharma
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu UniversityVaranasiIndia
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of California Los AngelesLos AngelesUnited States
| | - Nalani Sachan
- Department of Cell Biology, NYU Langone Medical CenterNew YorkUnited States
| | - Bappi Sarkar
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu UniversityVaranasiIndia
| | - Mousumi Mutsuddi
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu UniversityVaranasiIndia
| | - Ashim Mukherjee
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu UniversityVaranasiIndia
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Shahzad MI, Pickering G, Zafar M, Hayat S, Vlavianos P. The Duodenal Accessory Ampulloma and the Role of Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) in Familial Adenomatous Polyposis Coli Inheritance. Cureus 2024; 16:e59445. [PMID: 38826909 PMCID: PMC11140427 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.59445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/04/2024] Open
Abstract
The adenomatous lesions, which could be benign or malignant, have been described in the duodenum and along the duodenal ampulla in individuals with familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) post-colectomy, along with other extracolonic manifestations. To our best knowledge, we present a unique case of the involvement of the accessory duodenal ampulla in a patient who had undergone colectomy with ileorectal anastomosis with an established diagnosis of FAP. During the endoscopic examination, the patient was found to have adenomatous growth in the accessory duodenal ampulla, which was successfully removed via endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP). To prevent pancreatitis, a temporary plastic stent was inserted and successfully removed three weeks later.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Mansoor Zafar
- Gastroenterology, Hammersmith Hospital, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, GBR
| | - Sulaiman Hayat
- Medicine, Hammersmith Hospital, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, GBR
| | - Panagiotis Vlavianos
- Hepatobiliary and Gastroenterology, Hammersmith Hospital, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, GBR
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Grant AM, Signorelli C, Taylor N, de Graves S, Tucker KM, Cruickshank M. Models of care and the advanced practice nurse role in caring for children and adolescents with a cancer predisposition syndrome: a scoping review protocol. JBI Evid Synth 2024; 22:864-873. [PMID: 37930416 DOI: 10.11124/jbies-23-00074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This scoping review will examine the literature describing models of care, barriers and facilitators of care, and gaps in care delivery for children and adolescents with a cancer predisposition syndrome (CPS). It will also explore how advanced practice nurses contribute to the delivery of care for children and adolescents with a CPS. INTRODUCTION Cancer remains a leading cause of death in children and adolescents. Pediatric CPS clinics proactively aim for early diagnosis or prevention of cancer in children and adolescents with a CPS. Additionally, the holistic well-being of individuals requires a multidisciplinary team, including advanced practice nurses, to manage their complex health care needs. INCLUSION CRITERIA This review will consider both published and unpublished literature exploring aspects of models of care and the role of the nurse in pediatric CPS clinics. Literature published in English from 1991 onward will be considered. METHODS This scoping review will follow the JBI methodology for scoping reviews. The review will include searches in MEDLINE, Embase, and CINAHL Complete. Gray literature searches will be conducted in OAIster and Social Science Research Network, as well as websites of hospitals in the USA and the UK with large pediatric cancer centers. Two reviewers will screen titles, abstracts, and full-text articles. An extraction table will be used to extract relevant data from all included articles and facilitate data analysis. Results will be presented in narrative and tabular format. REVIEW REGISTRATION Open Science Framework osf.io/axkp7/.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew M Grant
- Sydney Children's Hospitals Network, Sydney Children's Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- The New South Wales Centre for Evidence Based Health Care: A JBI Affiliated Group, Western Sydney University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Christina Signorelli
- Sydney Children's Hospitals Network, Sydney Children's Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Natalie Taylor
- University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Maridulu Budyari Gumal (SPHERE), Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Sharon de Graves
- VCCC (Victorian Comprehensive Cancer Centre) Alliance, Melbourne, Vic, Australia
- University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Vic, Australia
| | - Kathrine M Tucker
- Sydney Children's Hospitals Network, Sydney Children's Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Maridulu Budyari Gumal (SPHERE), Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Prince of Wales Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Marilyn Cruickshank
- Sydney Children's Hospitals Network, Sydney Children's Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Maridulu Budyari Gumal (SPHERE), Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Griffith University, Griffith, Qld, Australia
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Abbass MA. Colorectal Cancer Genetics: An Evolutionary Tale of Us. Clin Colon Rectal Surg 2024; 37:125-126. [PMID: 38606048 PMCID: PMC11006443 DOI: 10.1055/s-0043-1770379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Ali Abbass
- Department of Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
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Komeda Y, Ishikawa H, Yoshida T, Ushiama M, Yoshida S, Nomura K, Kono M, Omoto S, Takenaka M, Hagiwara S, Kashida H, Kudo M. Familial Adenomatous Polyposis with Atypical Clinical Morphology and Genetic Variants. Intern Med 2024; 63:1075-1079. [PMID: 37558482 PMCID: PMC11081906 DOI: 10.2169/internalmedicine.2050-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) is caused by pathogenic variants of the APC gene on the long arm of chromosome 5. An analysis showed an association between germline APC gene variants and clinical signs of FAP; however, attenuated FAP has also been reported in cases with pathogenic variants. In contrast, a phenotype of FAP with no APC germline pathogenic variant and with few signs has been reported. We herein report a 16-year-old girl in whom the presence of multiple large bowel cancers from a young age and several small bowel cancers reflected a carcinogenic tendency higher than that typical for FAP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoriaki Komeda
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Japan
| | - Hideki Ishikawa
- Department of Molecular-Targeting Prevention, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Japan
| | - Teruhiko Yoshida
- Department of Genetic Medicine and Services, National Cancer Center Hospital, Japan
- Department of Clinical Genomics, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Japan
| | - Mineko Ushiama
- Department of Genetic Medicine and Services, National Cancer Center Hospital, Japan
- Department of Clinical Genomics, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Japan
| | - Saki Yoshida
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Japan
| | - Kenji Nomura
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Japan
| | - Masashi Kono
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Japan
| | - Shunsuke Omoto
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Japan
| | - Mamoru Takenaka
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Japan
| | - Satoru Hagiwara
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kashida
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Japan
| | - Masatoshi Kudo
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Japan
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Tóth M, Kirchner M, Longerich T, Stenzinger A, Schirmacher P. Integrated genotype-phenotype analysis of familial adenomatous polyposis-associated hepatocellular adenomas. Virchows Arch 2024; 484:587-595. [PMID: 37872280 PMCID: PMC11062996 DOI: 10.1007/s00428-023-03680-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2023] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023]
Abstract
Familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) is an autosomal dominant syndrome caused by a germline mutation in the adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) gene, characterized by numerous colorectal adenomas. In addition, FAP patients may develop extraintestinal manifestations. Several cases of hepatocellular adenomas (HCA) detected accidentally in FAP patients have raised the so-far unsolved question of whether they represent a specific manifestation of FAP or a mere coincidence. To investigate the incidence of liver tumors in FAP patients, we analyzed our diagnostic database from 1991 to 2021. Among the 58 hepatic mass lesions identified, five HCAs occurring in three patients with FAP were identified, and comprehensive morphological, immunohistological, and molecular analysis employing targeted next-generation sequencing was conducted for characterization. The HCAs in this study showed no cytological or histological atypia. They displayed a diffuse, strong positivity for glutamine synthetase but no nuclear beta-catenin immunostaining. In two patients, the adenomas showed moderate immunoreactivity against serum amyloid A. Consistent with the diagnosis of FAP, molecular profiling revealed a pathogenic germline mutation of the APC gene in all analyzed adenomas as well as deleterious somatic second hits. All somatic mutations were localized between codons 1345 and 1577. No mutations were found in the catenin beta 1 gene. HCA in FAP patients can be a specific, although rare, neoplastic manifestation of this inborn disease and represents a distinct subgroup of HCAs. These benign tumors represent an important differential diagnosis for hepatic metastases in FAP patients and require adequate clinical and molecular (diagnostic) assessments for optimal patient guidance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcell Tóth
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 224, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Martina Kirchner
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 224, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Thomas Longerich
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 224, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Albrecht Stenzinger
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 224, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Peter Schirmacher
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 224, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
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Kelson CO, Zaytseva YY. Altered lipid metabolism in APC-driven colorectal cancer: the potential for therapeutic intervention. Front Oncol 2024; 14:1343061. [PMID: 38590663 PMCID: PMC10999677 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2024.1343061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Altered lipid metabolism is a well-recognized feature of solid cancers, including colorectal cancer. In colorectal cancer, upregulation of lipid metabolism contributes to initiation, progression, and metastasis; thus, aberrant lipid metabolism contributes to a poor patient outcome. The inactivating mutation of APC, a vital tumor suppressor in the Wnt signaling pathway, is a key event that occurs early in the majority of colorectal cancer cases. The potential crosstalk between lipid metabolism and APC-driven colorectal cancer is poorly understood. This review collectively highlights and summarizes the limited understanding between mutations in APC and the upregulation of Wnt/beta-catenin signaling and lipid metabolism. The interconnection between APC inactivation and aberrant lipid metabolism activates Wnt/beta-catenin signaling which causes transcriptome, epigenetic, and microbiome changes to promote colorectal cancer initiation and progression. Furthermore, the downstream effects of this collaborative effort between aberrant Wnt/beta-catenin signaling and lipid metabolism are enhanced stemness, cellular proliferation, prooncogenic signaling, and survival. Understanding the mechanistic link between APC inactivation and alterations in lipid metabolism may foster identification of new therapeutic targets to enable development of more efficacious strategies for prevention and/or treatment of colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Courtney O. Kelson
- Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Yekaterina Y. Zaytseva
- Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
- Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
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Huang YW, Chen HZ, Niu B, Wu W, Gao H, Yu J, Wang LS. Black raspberry-mediated metabolic changes in patients with familial adenomatous polyposis associated with rectal polyp regression. FOOD FRONTIERS 2024; 5:259-266. [PMID: 38779578 PMCID: PMC11107796 DOI: 10.1002/fft2.323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) patients face an almost certain 100% risk of developing colorectal cancer, necessitating prophylactic colectomy to prevent disease progression. A crucial goal is to hinder this progression. In a recent clinical trial involving 14 FAP patients, half received 60 g of black raspberry (BRB) powder orally and BRB suppositories at bedtime, while the other half received only BRB suppositories at bedtime over 9 months. This intervention led to a notable reduction in rectal polyps for 11 patients, although 3 showed no response. In this study, we delved into the metabolic changes induced by BRBs in the same patient cohort. Employing mass spectrometry-based non-targeted metabolomics, we analyzed pre- and post-BRB urinary and plasma samples from the 11 responders. The results showed significant alterations in 23 urinary and 6 plasma metabolites, influencing various pathways including polyamine, glutathione metabolism, the tricarboxylic acid cycle, inositol metabolism, and benzoate production. BRBs notably elevated levels of several metabolites associated with these pathways, suggesting a potential mechanism through which BRBs facilitate rectal polyp regression in FAP patients by modulating multiple metabolic pathways. Notably, metabolites derived from BRB polyphenols were significantly increased post-BRB intervention, emphasizing the potential therapeutic value of BRBs in FAP management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Wen Huang
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Hui-zhi Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Key Laboratory of Post-Harvest Fruit Processing, Key Laboratory of Post-Harvest Vegetable Preservation and Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Fruit and Vegetable Preservation and Processing Technology of Zhejiang Province, Key Laboratory of Light Industry Fruit and Vegetable Preservation and Processing, Institute of Food Science, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China
| | - Ben Niu
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Key Laboratory of Post-Harvest Fruit Processing, Key Laboratory of Post-Harvest Vegetable Preservation and Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Fruit and Vegetable Preservation and Processing Technology of Zhejiang Province, Key Laboratory of Light Industry Fruit and Vegetable Preservation and Processing, Institute of Food Science, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China
| | - Weijie Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Key Laboratory of Post-Harvest Fruit Processing, Key Laboratory of Post-Harvest Vegetable Preservation and Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Fruit and Vegetable Preservation and Processing Technology of Zhejiang Province, Key Laboratory of Light Industry Fruit and Vegetable Preservation and Processing, Institute of Food Science, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China
| | - Haiyan Gao
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Key Laboratory of Post-Harvest Fruit Processing, Key Laboratory of Post-Harvest Vegetable Preservation and Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Fruit and Vegetable Preservation and Processing Technology of Zhejiang Province, Key Laboratory of Light Industry Fruit and Vegetable Preservation and Processing, Institute of Food Science, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China
| | - Jianhua Yu
- Department of Hematology and Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation, Comprehensive Cancer Center, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Li-Shu Wang
- Department of Hematology and Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation, Comprehensive Cancer Center, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, USA
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Young CC, Horton C, Grzybowski J, Abualkheir N, Ramirez Castano J, Molparia B, Karam R, Chao E, Richardson ME. Solving Missing Heritability in Patients With Familial Adenomatous Polyposis With DNA-RNA Paired Testing. JCO Precis Oncol 2024; 8:e2300404. [PMID: 38564685 PMCID: PMC11000780 DOI: 10.1200/po.23.00404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Patients with germline pathogenic variants (PVs) in APC develop tens (attenuated familial adenomatous polyposis [AFAP]) to innumerable (classic FAP) adenomatous polyps in their colon and are at significantly increased lifetime risk of colorectal cancer. Up to 10% of FAP and up to 50% of patients with AFAP who have undergone DNA-only multigene panel testing (MGPT) do not have an identified PV in APC. We seek to demonstrate how the addition of RNA sequencing run concurrently with DNA can improve detection of germline PVs in individuals with a clinical presentation of AFAP/FAP. METHODS We performed a retrospective query of individuals tested with paired DNA-RNA MGPT from 2021 to 2022 at a single laboratory and included those with a novel APC PV located in intronic regions infrequently covered by MGPT, a personal history of polyposis, and family medical history provided. All clinical data were deidentified in this institutional review board-exempt study. RESULTS Three novel APC variants were identified in six families and were shown to cause aberrant splicing because of the creation of a deep intronic cryptic splice site that leads to an RNA transcript subject nonsense-mediated decay. Several carriers had previously undergone DNA-only genetic testing and had received a negative result. CONCLUSION Here, we describe how paired DNA-RNA MGPT can be used to solve missing heritability in FAP families, which can have important implications in family planning and treatment decisions for patients and their families.
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Chen M, Mashima T, Oishi T, Muramatsu Y, Seto Y, Takamatsu M, Kawata N, Morino S, Nakamura A, Inaba S, Yuan X, Maruyama K, Suzuki M, Sato A, Yoshida H, Jang MK, Mizutani A, Takeuchi K, Yamaguchi K, Shirai F, Nagayama S, Katayama R, Seimiya H. APC/PIK3CA mutations and β-catenin status predict tankyrase inhibitor sensitivity of patient-derived colorectal cancer cells. Br J Cancer 2024; 130:151-162. [PMID: 37968472 PMCID: PMC10782021 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-023-02484-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2022] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aberrant WNT/β-catenin signaling drives carcinogenesis. Tankyrases poly(ADP-ribosyl)ate and destabilize AXINs, β-catenin repressors. Tankyrase inhibitors block WNT/β-catenin signaling and colorectal cancer (CRC) growth. We previously reported that 'short' APC mutations, lacking all seven β-catenin-binding 20-amino acid repeats (20-AARs), are potential predictive biomarkers for CRC cell sensitivity to tankyrase inhibitors. Meanwhile, 'Long' APC mutations, which possess more than one 20-AAR, do not predict inhibitor-resistant cells. Thus, additional biomarkers are needed to precisely predict the inhibitor sensitivity. METHODS Using 47 CRC patient-derived cells (PDCs), we examined correlations between the sensitivity to tankyrase inhibitors (G007-LK and RK-582), driver mutations, and the expressions of signaling factors. NOD.CB17-Prkdcscid/J and BALB/c-nu/nu xenograft mice were treated with RK-582. RESULTS Short APC mutant CRC cells exhibited high/intermediate sensitivities to tankyrase inhibitors in vitro and in vivo. Active β-catenin levels correlated with inhibitor sensitivity in both short and long APC mutant PDCs. PIK3CA mutations, but not KRAS/BRAF mutations, were more frequent in inhibitor-resistant PDCs. Some wild-type APC PDCs showed inhibitor sensitivity in a β-catenin-independent manner. CONCLUSIONS APC/PIK3CA mutations and β-catenin predict the sensitivity of APC-mutated CRC PDCs to tankyrase inhibitors. These observations may help inform the strategy of patient selection in future clinical trials of tankyrase inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingjue Chen
- Division of Molecular Biotherapy, Cancer Chemotherapy Center, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research (JFCR), Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Computational Biology and Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tetsuo Mashima
- Division of Molecular Biotherapy, Cancer Chemotherapy Center, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research (JFCR), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Taichi Oishi
- Division of Molecular Biotherapy, Cancer Chemotherapy Center, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research (JFCR), Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Computational Biology and Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yukiko Muramatsu
- Division of Molecular Biotherapy, Cancer Chemotherapy Center, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research (JFCR), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yosuke Seto
- Division of Experimental Chemotherapy, Cancer Chemotherapy Center, JFCR, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Naomi Kawata
- Division of Molecular Biotherapy, Cancer Chemotherapy Center, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research (JFCR), Tokyo, Japan
- Gastroenterological Chemotherapy, Cancer Institute Hospital, JFCR, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shun Morino
- Division of Molecular Biotherapy, Cancer Chemotherapy Center, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research (JFCR), Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Computational Biology and Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ayane Nakamura
- Division of Molecular Biotherapy, Cancer Chemotherapy Center, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research (JFCR), Tokyo, Japan
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Meiji Pharmaceutical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Saori Inaba
- Division of Molecular Biotherapy, Cancer Chemotherapy Center, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research (JFCR), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Xunmei Yuan
- Division of Molecular Biotherapy, Cancer Chemotherapy Center, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research (JFCR), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kohei Maruyama
- Department of Computational Biology and Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Division of Experimental Chemotherapy, Cancer Chemotherapy Center, JFCR, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mai Suzuki
- Department of Computational Biology and Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Division of Experimental Chemotherapy, Cancer Chemotherapy Center, JFCR, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ayana Sato
- Division of Molecular Biotherapy, Cancer Chemotherapy Center, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research (JFCR), Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Computational Biology and Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Haruka Yoshida
- Division of Molecular Biotherapy, Cancer Chemotherapy Center, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research (JFCR), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Myung-Kyu Jang
- Division of Molecular Biotherapy, Cancer Chemotherapy Center, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research (JFCR), Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Computational Biology and Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Anna Mizutani
- Division of Molecular Biotherapy, Cancer Chemotherapy Center, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research (JFCR), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kengo Takeuchi
- Division of Pathology, The Cancer Institute, JFCR, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kensei Yamaguchi
- Gastroenterological Chemotherapy, Cancer Institute Hospital, JFCR, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Fumiyuki Shirai
- Drug Discovery Chemistry Platform Unit, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Saitama, Japan
| | - Satoshi Nagayama
- Gastroenterological Surgery, Cancer Institute Hospital, JFCR, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Surgery, Uji-Tokushukai Medical Center, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Ryohei Katayama
- Department of Computational Biology and Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Division of Experimental Chemotherapy, Cancer Chemotherapy Center, JFCR, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Seimiya
- Division of Molecular Biotherapy, Cancer Chemotherapy Center, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research (JFCR), Tokyo, Japan.
- Department of Computational Biology and Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Meiji Pharmaceutical University, Tokyo, Japan.
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Valle L, Monahan KJ. Genetic predisposition to gastrointestinal polyposis: syndromes, tumour features, genetic testing, and clinical management. Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol 2024; 9:68-82. [PMID: 37931640 DOI: 10.1016/s2468-1253(23)00240-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023]
Abstract
Gastrointestinal tract polyposis is characterised by the presence of multiple polyps, particularly in the colorectum, and encompasses both cancer predisposition genetic syndromes and non-syndromic clinical manifestations. The sources of the heterogeneity observed in polyposis syndromes relate to genetic cause, mode of inheritance, polyp burden and histological type, and spectrum and frequency of extracolonic manifestations. These features determine the clinical management of carriers, including strategies for cancer prevention and early detection, and oncological treatments. Despite substantial progress in identifying the genetic causes of polyposis, a large proportion of cases remain genetically unexplained. Although some of these cases might be due to lifestyle, environmental factors, or cancer treatments, it is likely that additional polyposis predisposition genes will be identified. This Review provides an overview of the known syndromes and genes, genetic testing, and clinical management of patients with polyposis, and recent advances and challenges in the field of gastrointestinal polyposis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Valle
- Hereditary Cancer Programme, Catalan Institute of Oncology, Oncobell Programme, IDIBELL, Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain.
| | - Kevin J Monahan
- The St Mark's Centre for Familial Intestinal Cancer Lynch Syndrome & Family Cancer Clinic & Polyposis Registry, St Mark's Hospital, London, UK; Imperial College, London, UK.
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Ishitani T. Cadherin-linked morphogen gradient actualizes robust tissue patterning. Curr Opin Cell Biol 2023; 85:102275. [PMID: 37944424 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceb.2023.102275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2023] [Revised: 09/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
Morphogen gradients govern tissue patterning. These gradients provide positional information, instructing cells to adopt distinct fates. Over the past few decades, extensive studies have revealed the detailed mechanisms by which morphogens generate tissue patterns. However, the communication between morphogen-receiving cells is still poorly understood. Here, I describe how cadherin-mediated cell competition ensures robust morphogen-gradient formation. In normal zebrafish embryos, unfit cells with abnormal Wnt signaling activity spontaneously appear and produce a noisy morphogen gradient. These unfit cells communicate with neighboring cells through cadherins and are subsequently killed by cell competition. This process of killing unfit cells corrects noisy gradients to support reproducible patterning. I also discuss the significance of cell-competition-mediated morphogen-gradient correction from the perspectives of evolution and disease biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tohru Ishitani
- Department of Homeostatic Regulation, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; Center for Infectious Disease Education and Research (CiDER), Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.
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15
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Mima K, Hamada T, Inamura K, Baba H, Ugai T, Ogino S. The microbiome and rise of early-onset cancers: knowledge gaps and research opportunities. Gut Microbes 2023; 15:2269623. [PMID: 37902043 PMCID: PMC10730181 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2023.2269623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Accumulating evidence indicates an alarming increase in the incidence of early-onset cancers, which are diagnosed among adults under 50 years of age, in the colorectum, esophagus, extrahepatic bile duct, gallbladder, liver, stomach, pancreas, as well as the bone marrow (multiple myeloma), breast, head and neck, kidney, prostate, thyroid, and uterine corpus (endometrium). While the early-onset cancer studies have encompassed research on the wide variety of organs, this article focuses on research on digestive system cancers. While a minority of early-onset cancers in the digestive system are associated with cancer-predisposing high penetrance germline genetic variants, the majority of those cancers are sporadic and multifactorial. Although potential etiological roles of diets, lifestyle, environment, and the microbiome from early life to adulthood (i.e. in one's life course) have been hypothesized, exact contribution of each of these factors remains uncertain. Diets, lifestyle patterns, and environmental exposures have been shown to alter the oral and intestinal microbiome. To address the rising trend of early-onset cancers, transdisciplinary research approaches including lifecourse epidemiology and molecular pathological epidemiology frameworks, nutritional and environmental sciences, multi-omics technologies, etc. are needed. We review current evidence and discuss emerging research opportunities, which can improve our understanding of their etiologies and help us design better strategies for prevention and treatment to reduce the cancer burden in populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kosuke Mima
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Hamada
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Medicine, The Cancer Institute Hospital, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kentaro Inamura
- Division of Pathology, The Cancer Institute, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Pathology, The Cancer Institute Hospital, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hideo Baba
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Tomotaka Ugai
- Program in MPE Molecular Pathological Epidemiology, Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Cancer Epidemiology Program, Dana-Farber Harvard Cancer Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Shuji Ogino
- Program in MPE Molecular Pathological Epidemiology, Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Cancer Epidemiology Program, Dana-Farber Harvard Cancer Center, Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Cancer Immunology Program, Dana-Farber Harvard Cancer Center, Boston, MA, USA
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16
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Russell-Goldman E, MacConaill L, Laga AC, Hanna J. Deep-penetrating-nevus-like melanoma arising in patients with familial adenomatous polyposis syndrome. J Cutan Pathol 2023; 50:801-805. [PMID: 36688401 DOI: 10.1111/cup.14393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Revised: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Deep penetrating nevi (DPN) are uncommon but distinctive melanocytic neoplasms that show an epithelioid to spindle cell morphology, prominent pigmentation with melanophages, and a plexiform growth pattern. Molecularly, most DPN are thought to be characterized by dual activation of the mitogen-activated protein kinase and the wingless-related integration site (Wnt) pathways, the latter being most commonly driven by activating β-catenin mutations. DPN-like melanomas are very rare but can be recognized through their overlapping morphologic and architectural features with DPN. Familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) is a hereditary cancer predisposition syndrome associated with multiple tumor types including colorectal carcinoma and desmoid fibromatosis. Like DPN, FAP is also driven by activation of the Wnt pathway, most commonly through loss of function mutations in APC, which is a major negative regulator of β-catenin. Here we report two cases of DPN-like melanoma arising in FAP patients. While the small number of cases precludes definitive establishment of an etiologic link between these entities, the shared molecular pathogenesis of DPN-like lesions and FAP suggests that FAP patients may be at increased risk for this rare subtype of melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleanor Russell-Goldman
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Laura MacConaill
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Alvaro C Laga
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - John Hanna
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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17
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Broekema MF, Redeker EJW, Uiterwaal MT, van Hest LP. A novel pathogenic frameshift variant in AXIN2 in a man with polyposis and hypodontia. Hered Cancer Clin Pract 2023; 21:16. [PMID: 37626374 PMCID: PMC10464116 DOI: 10.1186/s13053-023-00260-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/05/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND WNT signaling is pivotal in embryogenesis and tissue homeostasis. Aberrant WNT signaling, due to mutations in components of this pathway, contributes to the development and progression of human cancers, including colorectal cancer. AXIN2, encoded by the AXIN2 gene, is a key negative regulator and target of the canonical WNT signaling pathway. Germline mutations in AXIN2 are associated with absence of permanent teeth (hypo- and oligodontia) and predisposition to gastrointestinal polyps and cancer. The limited number of patients makes an accurate genotype-phenotype analysis currently challenging. CASE PRESENTATION We present the case of a 55-year-old male with colorectal polyposis and hypodontia. Genetic testing confirmed a novel frameshift germline mutation in exon 8 of the AXIN2 gene. In addition, we provide an updated overview of germline AXIN2 mutations reported in literature. CONCLUSIONS Although the number of missing teeth is less severe in our patient than in some previously reported cases, our findings provide additional evidence that missing teeth and gastrointestinal neoplasia are associated with rare pathogenic AXIN2 germline mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- M F Broekema
- Department of Human Genetics, Amsterdam UMC, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - E J W Redeker
- Department of Human Genetics, Amsterdam UMC, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - M T Uiterwaal
- Department of Gastroenterology, Spaarne Hospital, Hoofddorp, The Netherlands
| | - L P van Hest
- Department of Human Genetics, Amsterdam UMC, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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18
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Xiao N, Cao X, Liu Z, Han Y. Two germline mutations can serve as genetic susceptibility screening makers for a lung adenocarcinoma family. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2023; 149:6541-6548. [PMID: 36781503 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-023-04616-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Lung cancer is the most common form of cancer and the leading cause of cancer death. For familial lung cancer, identification of causing genetic factors is essential for prevention and control of non-lung cancer in carriers. MATERIALS AND METHODS We studied two generations of a family with suspected inherited lung cancer susceptibility. Four individuals in this family had lung adenocarcinoma. To identify the gene(s) that cause the lung cancer in this pedigree, we extracted DNA from the peripheral blood of four cancer individuals and blood from three cancer-free family members as the control and performed whole-genome sequencing. Our filtering strategy includes, assessment of allele frequency, functional affection on amino acids, mutation accumulation, phased blocks and evolution analysis towards the alterations. RESULTS We identified two possible mutations, including PLEKHM2 (D134N) and MCC (R448Q) in all affected family members but did not found in the control group. Then, we performed a genetic susceptibility screening for 10 non-lung cancer relatives and found two individuals with PLEKHM2 (D134N) mutation, two with MCC (R448Q) mutation and one carrying both mutations. 3 carriers performed LDCT scan and 2 of them carried MCC (R448Q) also had ground-glass opacity (GGO) lesion in their lung. CONCLUSION Our data suggested that WGS together with our filtering strategy was successful in identifying PLEKHM2 (D134N) and MCC (R448Q) as the possible driver mutations in this family. Genetic susceptibility screening of non-lung cancer carriers will be a useful approach to prevent and control lung cancer in families with high-risk for the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Xiao
- Second Department of Thoracic Surgery, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoqing Cao
- Second Department of Thoracic Surgery, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhidong Liu
- Second Department of Thoracic Surgery, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
| | - Yi Han
- Third Department of Thoracic Surgery, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
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19
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Haraoka Y, Miyake M, Ishitani T. Zebrafish imaging reveals hidden oncogenic-normal cell communication during primary tumorigenesis. Cell Struct Funct 2023; 48:113-121. [PMID: 37164759 PMCID: PMC10721949 DOI: 10.1247/csf.23026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Oncogenic mutations drive tumorigenesis, and single cells with oncogenic mutations act as the tumor seeds that gradually evolve into fully transformed tumors. However, oncogenic cell behavior and communication with neighboring cells during primary tumorigenesis remain poorly understood. We used the zebrafish, a small vertebrate model suitable for in vivo cell biology, to address these issues. We describe the cooperative and competitive communication between oncogenic cells and neighboring cells, as revealed by our recent zebrafish imaging studies. Newly generated oncogenic cells are actively eliminated by neighboring cells in healthy epithelia, whereas oncogenic cells cooperate with their neighbors to prime tumorigenesis in unhealthy epithelia via additional mutations or inflammation. In addition, we discuss the potential of zebrafish in vivo imaging to determine the initial steps of human tumorigenesis.Key words: zebrafish, imaging, cell-cell communication, cell competition, EDAC, senescence, primary tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukinari Haraoka
- Department of Homeostatic Regulation, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Mai Miyake
- Department of Homeostatic Regulation, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Tohru Ishitani
- Department of Homeostatic Regulation, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
- Center for Infectious Disease Education and Research (CiDER), Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
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20
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Manfreda L, Rampazzo E, Persano L. Wnt Signaling in Brain Tumors: A Challenging Therapeutic Target. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:biology12050729. [PMID: 37237541 DOI: 10.3390/biology12050729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The involvement of Wnt signaling in normal tissue homeostasis and disease has been widely demonstrated over the last 20 years. In particular, dysregulation of Wnt pathway components has been suggested as a relevant hallmark of several neoplastic malignancies, playing a role in cancer onset, progression, and response to treatments. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge on the instructions provided by Wnt signaling during organogenesis and, particularly, brain development. Moreover, we recapitulate the most relevant mechanisms through which aberrant Wnt pathway activation may impact on brain tumorigenesis and brain tumor aggressiveness, with a particular focus on the mutual interdependency existing between Wnt signaling components and the brain tumor microenvironment. Finally, the latest anti-cancer therapeutic approaches employing the specific targeting of Wnt signaling are extensively reviewed and discussed. In conclusion, here we provide evidence that Wnt signaling, due to its pleiotropic involvement in several brain tumor features, may represent a relevant target in this context, although additional efforts will be needed to: (i) demonstrate the real clinical impact of Wnt inhibition in these tumors; (ii) overcome some still unsolved concerns about the potential systemic effects of such approaches; (iii) achieve efficient brain penetration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Manfreda
- Department of Women and Children's Health, University of Padova, Via Giustininani, 3, 35128 Padova, Italy
- Pediatric Research Institute, Corso Stati Uniti, 4, 35127 Padova, Italy
| | - Elena Rampazzo
- Department of Women and Children's Health, University of Padova, Via Giustininani, 3, 35128 Padova, Italy
- Pediatric Research Institute, Corso Stati Uniti, 4, 35127 Padova, Italy
| | - Luca Persano
- Department of Women and Children's Health, University of Padova, Via Giustininani, 3, 35128 Padova, Italy
- Pediatric Research Institute, Corso Stati Uniti, 4, 35127 Padova, Italy
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Cao W, Liu J, Jiang Z, Tao Y, Wang H, Li J, Ni J, Wu X. Tumor Suppressor Adenomatous Polyposis Coli Sustains Dendritic Cell Tolerance through IL-10 in a β-Catenin-Dependent Manner. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2023; 210:1589-1597. [PMID: 37000474 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2300046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DC) play important roles in balancing immunity and tolerance, in which β-catenin signaling plays an important role, yet the underlying mechanisms remain elusive. In this study, we investigated the functions of the tumor suppressor adenomatous polyposis coli (APC), also a key component of the β-catenin upstream destruction complex in DC. APC depletion in DC does not alter DC and T cell homeostasis under resting conditions. However, APC deficiency in DC leads to attenuated antitumor immunity in mice, which exhibit fewer CD8+ T cells and more Foxp3+ regulatory T cells in tumor and draining lymph nodes. Loss of APC in DC does not affect the expression levels of costimulatory molecules. However, APC-deficient DC produce more IL-10 and exhibit a higher ability of inducing regulatory T cells but a lower ability of priming CD8+ T cells, both of which can be reversed by IL-10 inhibition. Lastly, β-catenin depletion in APC-deficient DC rescues their antitumor immunity and reverses elevated IL-10 production. Taken together, our results identify that APC drives DC tolerance via the β-catenin/IL-10 axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Cao
- Center for Immune-Related Diseases at Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Hongqiao International Institute of Medicine, Shanghai Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; and Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiamin Liu
- Center for Immune-Related Diseases at Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Hongqiao International Institute of Medicine, Shanghai Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; and Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhenyan Jiang
- Center for Immune-Related Diseases at Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Hongqiao International Institute of Medicine, Shanghai Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; and Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuexiao Tao
- Center for Immune-Related Diseases at Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Hongqiao International Institute of Medicine, Shanghai Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; and Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Huizi Wang
- Center for Immune-Related Diseases at Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Hongqiao International Institute of Medicine, Shanghai Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; and Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jia Li
- Center for Immune-Related Diseases at Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Hongqiao International Institute of Medicine, Shanghai Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; and Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun Ni
- Center for Immune-Related Diseases at Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Hongqiao International Institute of Medicine, Shanghai Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; and Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xuefeng Wu
- Center for Immune-Related Diseases at Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Hongqiao International Institute of Medicine, Shanghai Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; and Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Lin WH, Cooper LM, Anastasiadis PZ. Cadherins and catenins in cancer: connecting cancer pathways and tumor microenvironment. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1137013. [PMID: 37255594 PMCID: PMC10225604 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1137013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Cadherin-catenin complexes are integral components of the adherens junctions crucial for cell-cell adhesion and tissue homeostasis. Dysregulation of these complexes is linked to cancer development via alteration of cell-autonomous oncogenic signaling pathways and extrinsic tumor microenvironment. Advances in multiomics have uncovered key signaling events in multiple cancer types, creating a need for a better understanding of the crosstalk between cadherin-catenin complexes and oncogenic pathways. In this review, we focus on the biological functions of classical cadherins and associated catenins, describe how their dysregulation influences major cancer pathways, and discuss feedback regulation mechanisms between cadherin complexes and cellular signaling. We discuss evidence of cross regulation in the following contexts: Hippo-Yap/Taz and receptor tyrosine kinase signaling, key pathways involved in cell proliferation and growth; Wnt, Notch, and hedgehog signaling, key developmental pathways involved in human cancer; as well as TGFβ and the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition program, an important process for cancer cell plasticity. Moreover, we briefly explore the role of cadherins and catenins in mechanotransduction and the immune tumor microenvironment.
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23
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Láinez-González D, Alonso-Aguado AB, Alonso-Dominguez JM. Understanding the Wnt Signaling Pathway in Acute Myeloid Leukemia Stem Cells: A Feasible Key against Relapses. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:biology12050683. [PMID: 37237497 DOI: 10.3390/biology12050683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Wnt signaling is a highly conserved pathway in evolution which controls important processes such as cell proliferation, differentiation and migration, both in the embryo and in the adult. Dysregulation of this pathway can favor the development of different types of cancer, such as acute myeloid leukemia and other hematological malignancies. Overactivation of this pathway may promote the transformation of pre-leukemic stem cells into acute myeloid leukemia stem cells, as well as the maintenance of their quiescent state, which confers them with self-renewal and chemoresistance capacity, favoring relapse of the disease. Although this pathway participates in the regulation of normal hematopoiesis, its requirements seem to be greater in the leukemic stem cell population. In this review, we explore the possible therapeutic targeting of Wnt to eradicate the LSCs of AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Láinez-González
- Experimental Hematology, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Avenida Reyes Católicos 2, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Belén Alonso-Aguado
- Experimental Hematology, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Avenida Reyes Católicos 2, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan Manuel Alonso-Dominguez
- Experimental Hematology, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Avenida Reyes Católicos 2, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Hematology Department, Hospital Universitario Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Avenida Reyes Católicos 2, 28040 Madrid, Spain
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Richter M, Lalli E, Ruggiero C. Complex and pleiotropic signaling pathways regulated by the secreted protein augurin. Cell Commun Signal 2023; 21:69. [PMID: 37041625 PMCID: PMC10088197 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-023-01090-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/26/2023] [Indexed: 04/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The secreted protein augurin, the product of the tumor suppressor gene Ecrg4, has been identified as a peptide hormone in the human proteome in 2007. Since then, a number of studies have been carried out to highlight its structure and processing and its potential roles in physiopathology. Although augurin has been shown to be implicated in a variety of processes, ranging from tumorigenesis, inflammation and infection to neural stem cell proliferation, hypothalamo-pituitary adrenal axis regulation and osteoblast differentiation, the molecular mechanisms of its biological effects and the signaling pathways it regulates are still poorly characterized. Here we provide a comprehensive overview of augurin-dependent signal transduction pathways. Because of their secreted nature and the potential to be manipulated pharmacologically, augurin and its derived peptides represent attractive targets for diagnostic development and discovery of new therapeutic agents for the human diseases resulting from the deregulation of the signaling cascades they modulate. From this perspective, the characterization of the precise nature of augurin derived peptides and the identification of the receptor(s) on the cell surface conveying augurin signaling to downstream effectors are crucial to develop agonists and antagonists for this protein. Video abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaux Richter
- Institut de Pharmacologie Moleculaire et Cellulaire CNRS UMR 7275, Valbonne, France
- Universite Cote d'Azur, Valbonne, France
| | - Enzo Lalli
- Institut de Pharmacologie Moleculaire et Cellulaire CNRS UMR 7275, Valbonne, France
- Universite Cote d'Azur, Valbonne, France
- Inserm, Valbonne, France
| | - Carmen Ruggiero
- Institut de Pharmacologie Moleculaire et Cellulaire CNRS UMR 7275, Valbonne, France.
- Universite Cote d'Azur, Valbonne, France.
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25
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Sutera P, Deek MP, Van der Eecken K, Shetty AC, Chang JH, Hodges T, Song Y, Verbeke S, Van Dorpe J, Fonteyne V, De Laere B, Mishra M, Rana Z, Molitoris J, Ferris M, Ross A, Schaeffer E, Roberts N, Song DY, DeWeese T, Pienta KJ, Antonarakis ES, Ost P, Tran PT. WNT Pathway Mutations in Metachronous Oligometastatic Castration-Sensitive Prostate Cancer. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2023; 115:1095-1101. [PMID: 36708787 PMCID: PMC10443895 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2022.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE WNT signaling is a cellular pathway that has been implicated in the development and progression of prostate cancer. Oligometastatic castration-sensitive prostate cancer (omCSPC) represents a unique state of disease in which metastasis-directed therapy (MDT) has demonstrated improvement in progression-free survival. Herein, we investigate the clinical implications of genomic alterations in the WNT signaling cascade in men with omCSPC. METHODS AND MATERIALS We performed an international multi-institutional retrospective study of 277 men with metachronous omCSPC who underwent targeted DNA sequencing of their primary/metastatic tumor. Patients were classified by presence or absence of pathogenic WNT pathway mutations (in the genes APC, RNF43, and CTNNB1). Pearson χ2 and Mann-Whitney U tests were used to determine differences in clinical factors between genomic strata. Kaplan-Meier survival curves were generated for radiographic progression-free survival and overall survival, stratified according to WNT pathway mutation status. RESULTS A pathogenic WNT pathway mutation was detected in 11.2% of patients. Patients with WNT pathway mutations were more likely to have visceral metastases (22.6% vs 2.8%; P < .01) and less likely to have regional lymph node metastases (29.0% vs 50.4%; P = .02). At time of oligometastasis, these patients were treated with MDT alone (33.9%), MDT + limited course of systemic therapy (20.6%), systemic therapy alone (22.4%), or observation (defined as no treatment for ≥6 months after metastatic diagnosis). Multivariable cox regression demonstrated WNT pathway mutations associated with significantly worse overall survival (hazard ratio, 3.87; 95% confidence interval, 1.25-12.00). CONCLUSIONS Somatic WNT pathway alterations are present in approximately 11% of patients with omCSPC and are associated with an increased likelihood of visceral metastases. Although these patients have a worse natural history, they may benefit from MDT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip Sutera
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Molecular Radiation Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Matthew P Deek
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey
| | - Kim Van der Eecken
- Department of Human Structure and Repair, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium; Department of Pathology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Amol C Shetty
- Institute for Genome Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland; Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Jin Hee Chang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Theresa Hodges
- Institute for Genome Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland; Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Yang Song
- Institute for Genome Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland; Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Sofie Verbeke
- Department of Pathology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jo Van Dorpe
- Department of Pathology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Valérie Fonteyne
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Bram De Laere
- Department of Human Structure and Repair, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium; Department of Medical Epidemiology, Biostatistics Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mark Mishra
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Zaker Rana
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Jason Molitoris
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Matthew Ferris
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Ashley Ross
- Department of Urology, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Edward Schaeffer
- Department of Urology, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Nicholas Roberts
- Department of Pathology, Sol Goldman Pancreatic Cancer Research Center, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Daniel Y Song
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Molecular Radiation Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland; Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland; James Buchanan Brady Urologic Institute, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Theodore DeWeese
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Molecular Radiation Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland; Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland; James Buchanan Brady Urologic Institute, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Kenneth J Pienta
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland; James Buchanan Brady Urologic Institute, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Emmanuel S Antonarakis
- Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota School of Medicine, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Piet Ost
- Department of Human Structure and Repair, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium; Department of Radiation Oncology, Iridium Network, Antwerp, Belgium.
| | - Phuoc T Tran
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.
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He R, Xu Y, Yu L, Meng N, Wang H, Cui Y, Yam JWP. Extracellular Vesicles Act as Carriers for Cargo Delivery and Regulate Wnt Signaling in the Hepatocellular Carcinoma Tumor Microenvironment. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15072088. [PMID: 37046749 PMCID: PMC10093647 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15072088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
As the primary type of liver cancer, hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) causes a large number of deaths every year. Despite extensive research conducted on this disease, the prognosis of HCC remains unclear. Recently, research has largely focused on extracellular vesicles (EVs), and they have been found to participate in various ways in the development of various diseases, including HCC, such as by regulating cell signaling pathways. However, recent studies have reported the mechanisms underlying the regulation of Wnt signaling by EVs in HCC, primarily focusing on the regulation of the canonical pathways. This review summarizes the current literature on the regulation of Wnt signaling by EVs in HCC and their underlying mechanisms. In addition, we also present future research directions in this field. This will deepen the understanding of HCC and provide new ideas for its treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Risheng He
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150086, China
| | - Yi Xu
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150086, China
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563006, China
- Key Laboratory of Functional and Clinical Translational Medicine, Fujian Province University, Xiamen Medical College, Xiamen 361000, China
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Tumor Targeted Nano Diagnostic and Therapeutic Materials, Yancheng Teachers University, Yancheng 224007, China
- Key Laboratory of Biomarkers and In Vitro Diagnosis Translation of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310063, China
- Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Cancer, Ministry of Education, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, China
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, Key Laboratory of Chemical Genomics, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Key Laboratory of Intelligent Pharmacy and Individualized Therapy of Huzhou, Department of Pharmacy, Changxing People’s Hospital, Changxing 313000, China
- Department of Pathology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China
| | - Liang Yu
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150086, China
| | - Nanfeng Meng
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150086, China
| | - Hang Wang
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150086, China
| | - Yunfu Cui
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150086, China
| | - Judy Wai Ping Yam
- Department of Pathology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China
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27
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The Roles of Secreted Wnt Ligands in Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24065349. [PMID: 36982422 PMCID: PMC10049518 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24065349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Wnt ligands are secreted signaling proteins that display a wide range of biological effects. They play key roles in stimulating Wnt signaling pathways to facilitate processes such as tissue homeostasis and regeneration. Dysregulation of Wnt signaling is a hallmark of many cancers and genetic alterations in various Wnt signaling components, which result in ligand-independent or ligand-dependent hyperactivation of the pathway that have been identified. Recently, research is focusing on the impact of Wnt signaling on the interaction between tumor cells and their micro-environment. This Wnt-mediated crosstalk can act either in a tumor promoting or suppressing fashion. In this review, we comprehensively outline the function of Wnt ligands in different tumor entities and their impact on key phenotypes, including cancer stemness, drug resistance, metastasis, and immune evasion. Lastly, we elaborate approaches to target Wnt ligands in cancer therapy.
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28
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Horisberger K, Mann C, Lang H. Current Surgical Concepts in Lynch Syndrome and Familial Adenomatous Polyposis. Visc Med 2023; 39:1-9. [PMID: 37009233 PMCID: PMC10051043 DOI: 10.1159/000530030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Approximately 5% of colorectal cancers (CRCs) are associated with hereditary cancer syndromes. The natural history of these syndromes differs from sporadic cancers, and due to their increased risk of metachronous carcinomas, surgical approaches also differ. This review focuses on the current recommendations for surgical treatment and what evidence has led to these recommendations in the most clinically relevant hereditary CRC syndromes: Lynch syndrome (LS) and (attenuated) familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP). Summary LS has no common phenotype and is caused by individual germline variants in one of the mismatch repair genes (MLH1, MSH2, MSH6, or PMS2). Because each gene is associated with a different risk of metachronous cancer, guidelines now differentiate between genes in their recommendations for oncology interventions. Classical and attenuated FAP are caused by germline mutations in the APC gene and have a characteristic phenotype. Although correlations exist between phenotype and genotype, the indication for surgery is predominantly based on clinical manifestation rather than specific gene mutations. Key Message Currently, the recommendation on the two diseases tends to go in opposite directions: while some forms of FAP may require less extensive surgery, in some LS patients, more sophisticated knowledge of metachronous carcinoma risk leads to more extensive surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karoline Horisberger
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplant Surgery, University Medical Center of the Johannes-Gutenberg-University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Carolina Mann
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplant Surgery, University Medical Center of the Johannes-Gutenberg-University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Hauke Lang
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplant Surgery, University Medical Center of the Johannes-Gutenberg-University, Mainz, Germany
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Novellasdemunt L, Kucharska A, Baulies A, Hutton C, Vlachogiannis G, Repana D, Rowan A, Suárez-Bonnet A, Ciccarelli F, Valeri N, Li VSW. USP7 inactivation suppresses APC-mutant intestinal hyperproliferation and tumor development. Stem Cell Reports 2023; 18:570-584. [PMID: 36669491 PMCID: PMC9968985 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2022.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Revised: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) mutation is the hallmark of colorectal cancer (CRC), resulting in constitutive WNT activation. Despite decades of research, targeting WNT signaling in cancer remains challenging due to its on-target toxicity. We have previously shown that the deubiquitinating enzyme USP7 is a tumor-specific WNT activator in APC-truncated cells by deubiquitinating and stabilizing β-catenin, but its role in gut tumorigenesis is unknown. Here, we show in vivo that deletion of Usp7 in Apc-truncated mice inhibits crypt hyperproliferation and intestinal tumor development. Loss of Usp7 prolongs the survival of the sporadic intestinal tumor model. Genetic deletion, but not pharmacological inhibition, of Usp7 in Apc+/- intestine induces colitis and enteritis. USP7 inhibitor treatment suppresses growth of patient-derived cancer organoids carrying APC truncations in vitro and in xenografts. Our findings provide direct evidence that USP7 inhibition may offer a safe and efficacious tumor-specific therapy for both sporadic and germline APC-mutated CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Novellasdemunt
- Stem Cell and Cancer Biology Laboratory, the Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Anna Kucharska
- Stem Cell and Cancer Biology Laboratory, the Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Anna Baulies
- Stem Cell and Cancer Biology Laboratory, the Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Colin Hutton
- Stem Cell and Cancer Biology Laboratory, the Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Georgios Vlachogiannis
- Centre for Molecular Pathology, the Institute of Cancer Research, 15 Cotswold Road, Sutton, Surrey SM2 5NG, UK
| | - Dimitra Repana
- Cancer Systems Biology Laboratory, the Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Andrew Rowan
- Cancer Evolution and Genome Instability Laboratory, the Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - A Suárez-Bonnet
- Pathobiology and Population Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, Hatfield AL9 7TA, UK; Experimental Histopathology, the Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Francesca Ciccarelli
- Cancer Systems Biology Laboratory, the Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Nicola Valeri
- Centre for Molecular Pathology, the Institute of Cancer Research, 15 Cotswold Road, Sutton, Surrey SM2 5NG, UK
| | - Vivian S W Li
- Stem Cell and Cancer Biology Laboratory, the Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK.
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30
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Muto S, Enta A, Maruya Y, Inomata S, Yamaguchi H, Mine H, Takagi H, Ozaki Y, Watanabe M, Inoue T, Yamaura T, Fukuhara M, Okabe N, Matsumura Y, Hasegawa T, Osugi J, Hoshino M, Higuchi M, Shio Y, Hamada K, Suzuki H. Wnt/β-Catenin Signaling and Resistance to Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors: From Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer to Other Cancers. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11010190. [PMID: 36672698 PMCID: PMC9855612 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11010190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. The standard of care for advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) without driver-gene mutations is a combination of an anti-PD-1/PD-L1 antibody and chemotherapy, or an anti-PD-1/PD-L1 antibody and an anti-CTLA-4 antibody with or without chemotherapy. Although there were fewer cases of disease progression in the early stages of combination treatment than with anti-PD-1/PD-L1 antibodies alone, only approximately half of the patients had a long-term response. Therefore, it is necessary to elucidate the mechanisms of resistance to immune checkpoint inhibitors. Recent reports of such mechanisms include reduced cancer-cell immunogenicity, loss of major histocompatibility complex, dysfunctional tumor-intrinsic interferon-γ signaling, and oncogenic signaling leading to immunoediting. Among these, the Wnt/β-catenin pathway is a notable potential mechanism of immune escape and resistance to immune checkpoint inhibitors. In this review, we will summarize findings on these resistance mechanisms in NSCLC and other cancers, focusing on Wnt/β-catenin signaling. First, we will review the molecular biology of Wnt/β-catenin signaling, then discuss how it can induce immunoediting and resistance to immune checkpoint inhibitors. We will also describe other various mechanisms of immune-checkpoint-inhibitor resistance. Finally, we will propose therapeutic approaches to overcome these mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Muto
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-24-547-1252; Fax: +81-24-548-2735
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31
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Sporadic and Familial Adenomatous Polyposis-associated Foveolar-type Adenoma of the Stomach. Am J Surg Pathol 2023; 47:91-101. [PMID: 35968980 DOI: 10.1097/pas.0000000000001949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Gastric foveolar-type adenoma (FA) is a rare benign neoplasm occurring either sporadically or in patients with familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP). However, the molecular features of FA and the relationship between sporadic and syndromic lesions remain unclear. In this study, we performed clinicopathological, immunohistochemical, and genetic analyses of 18 sporadic and 30 FAP-associated FAs. Most sporadic and FAP-associated FAs were located in the upper or middle third of the stomach, on a background of fundic gland mucosa. Most lesions were low-grade, but 3 lesions had a high-grade component. Sporadic FAs included 2 morphologically distinct subtypes, that is, flat and raspberry-like FAs, which we distinguished based on the endoscopic features. Seven lesions were regarded as flat FAs, appearing as large, slightly elevated lesions and measuring 11 to 87 mm in size. Conversely, 10 raspberry-like FAs were small bright-red polyps, measuring 2 to 8 mm in size. FAP-associated FAs, particularly larger lesions, exhibited morphologic features resembling flat FAs but varied significantly in size (2 to 103 mm). Mutation analysis identified APC and KRAS mutations in all flat FAs but never in raspberry-like FAs. Remarkably, somatic APC and KRAS mutations were also detected in 19 (63%) and 27 (90%) of FAP-associated FAs, respectively. This indicates that they are genetically equivalent to sporadic, flat FAs. This study showed that sporadic FA includes at least 2 morphologically and genetically distinct subtypes: flat and raspberry-like FA. Furthermore, flat FA represents a sporadic counterpart of FAP-associated FA.
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Tomaz LB, Liu BA, Meroshini M, Ong SLM, Tan EK, Tolwinski NS, Williams CS, Gingras AC, Leushacke M, Dunn NR. MCC is a centrosomal protein that relocalizes to non-centrosomal apical sites during intestinal cell differentiation. J Cell Sci 2022; 135:jcs259272. [PMID: 36217793 PMCID: PMC10658790 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.259272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The gene mutated in colorectal cancer (MCC) encodes a coiled-coil protein implicated, as its name suggests, in the pathogenesis of hereditary human colon cancer. To date, however, the contributions of MCC to intestinal homeostasis and disease remain unclear. Here, we examine the subcellular localization of MCC, both at the mRNA and protein levels, in the adult intestinal epithelium. Our findings reveal that Mcc transcripts are restricted to proliferating crypt cells, including Lgr5+ stem cells, where the Mcc protein is distinctly associated with the centrosome. Upon intestinal cellular differentiation, Mcc is redeployed to the apical domain of polarized villus cells where non-centrosomal microtubule organizing centers (ncMTOCs) are positioned. Using intestinal organoids, we show that the shuttling of the Mcc protein depends on phosphorylation by casein kinases 1δ and ε, which are critical modulators of WNT signaling. Together, our findings support a role for MCC in establishing and maintaining the cellular architecture of the intestinal epithelium as a component of both the centrosome and ncMTOC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucian B. Tomaz
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, 308232, Singapore
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 637551, Singapore
- Institute of Medical Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 138648, Singapore
| | - Bernard A. Liu
- Lunenfeld Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Sinai Health, Toronto, ON M5G 1X5, Canada
| | - Meroshini M
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, 308232, Singapore
| | - Sheena L. M. Ong
- Institute of Medical Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 138648, Singapore
| | - Ee Kim Tan
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, 308232, Singapore
- Institute of Medical Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 138648, Singapore
| | | | | | - Anne-Claude Gingras
- Lunenfeld Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Sinai Health, Toronto, ON M5G 1X5, Canada
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Marc Leushacke
- Skin Research Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 308232, Singapore
| | - N. Ray Dunn
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, 308232, Singapore
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 637551, Singapore
- Institute of Medical Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 138648, Singapore
- Skin Research Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 308232, Singapore
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Hwang WY, Kostiuk V, González DP, Lusk CP, Khokha MK. Kap-β2/Transportin mediates β-catenin nuclear transport in Wnt signaling. eLife 2022; 11:e70495. [PMID: 36300792 PMCID: PMC9665845 DOI: 10.7554/elife.70495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Wnt signaling is essential for many aspects of embryonic development including the formation of the primary embryonic axis. In addition, excessive Wnt signaling drives multiple diseases including cancer, highlighting its importance for disease pathogenesis. β-catenin is a key effector in this pathway that translocates into the nucleus and activates Wnt responsive genes. However, due to our lack of understanding of β-catenin nuclear transport, therapeutic modulation of Wnt signaling has been challenging. Here, we took an unconventional approach to address this long-standing question by exploiting a heterologous model system, the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, which contains a conserved nuclear transport machinery. In contrast to prior work, we demonstrate that β-catenin accumulates in the nucleus in a Ran-dependent manner, suggesting the use of a nuclear transport receptor (NTR). Indeed, a systematic and conditional inhibition of NTRs revealed that only Kap104, the ortholog of Kap-β2/Transportin-1 (TNPO1), was required for β-catenin nuclear import. We further demonstrate direct binding between TNPO1 and β-catenin that is mediated by a conserved PY-NLS. Finally, using Xenopus secondary axis and TCF/LEF (T Cell factor/lymphoid enhancer factor family) reporter assays, we demonstrate that our results in yeast can be directly translated to vertebrates. By elucidating the nuclear localization signal in β-catenin and its cognate NTR, our study suggests new therapeutic targets for a host of human diseases caused by excessive Wnt signaling. Indeed, we demonstrate that a small chimeric peptide designed to target TNPO1 can reduce Wnt signaling as a first step toward therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Woong Y Hwang
- Pediatric Genomics Discovery Program, Department of Pediatrics and Genetics, Yale School of MedicineNew HavenUnited States
| | - Valentyna Kostiuk
- Pediatric Genomics Discovery Program, Department of Pediatrics and Genetics, Yale School of MedicineNew HavenUnited States
| | - Delfina P González
- Pediatric Genomics Discovery Program, Department of Pediatrics and Genetics, Yale School of MedicineNew HavenUnited States
| | - C Patrick Lusk
- Department of Cell Biology, Yale School of MedicineNew HavenUnited States
| | - Mustafa K Khokha
- Pediatric Genomics Discovery Program, Department of Pediatrics and Genetics, Yale School of MedicineNew HavenUnited States
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Angelotti T. Exploring the eukaryotic Yip and REEP/Yop superfamily of membrane-shaping adapter proteins (MSAPs): A cacophony or harmony of structure and function? Front Mol Biosci 2022; 9:912848. [PMID: 36060263 PMCID: PMC9437294 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.912848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Polytopic cargo proteins are synthesized and exported along the secretory pathway from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), through the Golgi apparatus, with eventual insertion into the plasma membrane (PM). While searching for proteins that could enhance cell surface expression of olfactory receptors, a new family of proteins termed “receptor expression-enhancing proteins” or REEPs were identified. These membrane-shaping hairpin proteins serve as adapters, interacting with intracellular transport machinery, to regulate cargo protein trafficking. However, REEPs belong to a larger family of proteins, the Yip (Ypt-interacting protein) family, conserved in yeast and higher eukaryotes. To date, eighteen mammalian Yip family members, divided into four subfamilies (Yipf, REEP, Yif, and PRAF), have been identified. Yeast research has revealed many intriguing aspects of yeast Yip function, functions that have not completely been explored with mammalian Yip family members. This review and analysis will clarify the different Yip family nomenclature that have encumbered prior comparisons between yeast, plants, and eukaryotic family members, to provide a more complete understanding of their interacting proteins, membrane topology, organelle localization, and role as regulators of cargo trafficking and localization. In addition, the biological role of membrane shaping and sensing hairpin and amphipathic helical domains of various Yip proteins and their potential cellular functions will be described. Lastly, this review will discuss the concept of Yip proteins as members of a larger superfamily of membrane-shaping adapter proteins (MSAPs), proteins that both shape membranes via membrane-sensing and hairpin insertion, and well as act as adapters for protein-protein interactions. MSAPs are defined by their localization to specific membranes, ability to alter membrane structure, interactions with other proteins via specific domains, and specific interactions/effects on cargo proteins.
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Role of the WNT/β-catenin/ZKSCAN3 Pathway in Regulating Chromosomal Instability in Colon Cancer Cell lines and Tissues. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23169302. [PMID: 36012568 PMCID: PMC9409321 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23169302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Revised: 08/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Zinc finger protein with KRAB and SCAN domains 3 (ZKSCAN3) acts as an oncogenic transcription factor in human malignant tumors, including colon and prostate cancer. However, most of the ZKSCAN3-induced carcinogenic mechanisms remain unknown. In this study, we identified ZKSCAN3 as a downstream effector of the oncogenic Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway, using RNA sequencing and ChIP analyses. Activation of the Wnt pathway by recombinant Wnt gene family proteins or the GSK inhibitor, CHIR 99021 upregulated ZKSCAN3 expression in a β-catenin-dependent manner. Furthermore, ZKSCAN3 upregulation suppressed the expression of the mitotic spindle checkpoint protein, Mitotic Arrest Deficient 2 Like 2 (MAD2L2) by inhibiting its promoter activity and eventually inducing chromosomal instability in colon cancer cells. Conversely, deletion or knockdown of ZKSCAN3 increased MAD2L2 expression and delayed cell cycle progression. In addition, ZKSCAN3 upregulation by oncogenic WNT/β-catenin signaling is an early event of the adenoma–carcinoma sequence in colon cancer development. Specifically, immunohistochemical studies (IHC) were performed using normal (NM), hyperplastic polyps (HPP), adenomas (AD), and adenocarcinomas (AC). Their IHC scores were considerably different (61.4 in NM; 88.4 in HPP; 189.6 in AD; 246.9 in AC). In conclusion, ZKSCAN3 could be responsible for WNT/β-catenin-induced chromosomal instability in colon cancer cells through the suppression of MAD2L2 expression.
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36
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Prendergast K, Kryeziu S, Crago AM. The Evolving Management of Desmoid Fibromatosis. Surg Clin North Am 2022; 102:667-677. [PMID: 35952695 DOI: 10.1016/j.suc.2022.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Desmoid fibromatosis is a rare disease caused by genetic alterations that activate β-catenin. The tumors were previously treated with aggressive surgeries but do not metastasize and may regress spontaneously. For these reasons, in the absence of symptoms and when growth would not induce significant complications, active observation is considered first-line therapy. When intervention is required, surgery can be considered based on anatomy and risk of postoperative recurrence, but increasingly nonoperative therapies such as liposomal doxorubicin or sorafenib are prescribed. Cryoablation, chemoembolization, and high-intensity focused ultrasound can also be used to obtain local control in selected patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine Prendergast
- Sarcoma Biology Laboratory, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 417 East 68th Street, ZRC 445, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Sara Kryeziu
- Department of General Surgery, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, 550 1st Avenue, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Aimee M Crago
- Gastric and Mixed Tumor Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, H1220, New York, NY 10065, USA.
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Horiguchi H, Kadomatsu T, Yumoto S, Masuda T, Miyata K, Yamamura S, Sato M, Morinaga J, Ohtsuki S, Baba H, Moroishi T, Oike Y. Tumor cell-derived ANGPTL2 promotes β-catenin-driven intestinal tumorigenesis. Oncogene 2022; 41:4028-4041. [PMID: 35831580 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-022-02405-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2021] [Revised: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Uncontrolled proliferation of intestinal epithelial cells caused by mutations in genes of the WNT/β-catenin pathway is associated with development of intestinal cancers. We previously reported that intestinal stromal cell-derived angiopoietin-like protein 2 (ANGPTL2) controls epithelial regeneration and intestinal immune responses. However, the role of tumor cell-derived ANGPTL2 in intestinal tumorigenesis remained unclear. Here, we show that tumor cell-derived ANGPTL2 promotes β-catenin-driven intestinal tumorigenesis. ANGPTL2 deficiency suppressed intestinal tumor development in an experimental mouse model of sporadic colon cancer. We also found that increased ANGPTL2 expression in colorectal cancer (CRC) cells augments β-catenin pathway signaling and promotes tumor cell proliferation. Relevant to mechanism, our findings suggest that tumor cell-derived ANGPTL2 upregulates expression of OB-cadherin, which then interacts with β-catenin, blocking destruction complex-independent proteasomal degradation of β-catenin proteins. Moreover, our observations support a model whereby ANGPTL2-induced OB-cadherin expression in CRC cells is accompanied by decreased cell surface integrin α5β1 expression. These findings overall provide novel insight into mechanisms of β-catenin-driven intestinal tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haruki Horiguchi
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan.,Department of Aging and Geriatric Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Kadomatsu
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan. .,Center for Metabolic Regulation of Healthy Aging (CMHA), Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan.
| | - Shinsei Yumoto
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan.,Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan
| | - Takeshi Masuda
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan
| | - Keishi Miyata
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan.,Center for Metabolic Regulation of Healthy Aging (CMHA), Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan
| | - Shuji Yamamura
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan
| | - Michio Sato
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan
| | - Jun Morinaga
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan
| | - Sumio Ohtsuki
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan
| | - Hideo Baba
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan
| | - Toshiro Moroishi
- Center for Metabolic Regulation of Healthy Aging (CMHA), Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan.,Department of Cell Signaling and Metabolic Medicine, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan
| | - Yuichi Oike
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan. .,Department of Aging and Geriatric Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan. .,Center for Metabolic Regulation of Healthy Aging (CMHA), Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan.
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38
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Koelman EMR, Yeste-Vázquez A, Grossmann TN. Targeting the interaction of β-catenin and TCF/LEF transcription factors to inhibit oncogenic Wnt signaling. Bioorg Med Chem 2022; 70:116920. [PMID: 35841828 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2022.116920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Revised: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
The Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway is crucially involved in embryonic development, stem cell maintenance and tissue renewal. Hyperactivation of this pathway is associated with the development and progression of various types of cancers. The transcriptional coactivator β-catenin represents a pivotal component of the pathway and its interaction with transcription factors of the TCF/LEF family is central to pathway activation. Inhibition of this crucial protein-protein interaction via direct targeting of β-catenin is considered a promising strategy for the inactivation of oncogenic Wnt signaling. This review summarizes advances in the development of Wnt antagonists that have been shown to directly bind β-catenin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma M R Koelman
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, NL, The Netherlands
| | - Alejandro Yeste-Vázquez
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, NL, The Netherlands; Amsterdam Institute of Molecular and Life Sciences, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, NL, The Netherlands
| | - Tom N Grossmann
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, NL, The Netherlands; Amsterdam Institute of Molecular and Life Sciences, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, NL, The Netherlands.
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Matsubara T, Beppu N, Ikeda M, Ishida H, Takeuchi Y, Nagasaki T, Takao A, Sasaki K, Akagi K, Sudo T, Ueno H, Yamaguchi T, Tomita N, Ajioka Y. Current clinical practice for familial adenomatous polyposis in Japan: A nationwide multicenter study. Ann Gastroenterol Surg 2022; 6:778-787. [PMID: 36338590 PMCID: PMC9628228 DOI: 10.1002/ags3.12577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction In Japanese patients with familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP), colectomy tends to be postponed or avoided. Aim This study aimed to clarify the current clinical practice from a Japanese multicenter cohort study database. Methods We analyzed the records of 250 patients with non‐dense FAP who did not require colorectal cancer removal. The clinical outcomes were compared between patients who received colectomy (n = 142) (Group A) and those who did not receive colectomy (n = 108) (Group B). Results The colectomy rate based on the age at the final follow‐up examination was 46%, 60%, 54%, 65%, at ≤29, 30–39, 40–49, and ≥ 50 years, respectively (P = .11). The development of colorectal cancer did not differ between Groups A and B (25% vs 22% P = .67); however, colorectal cancer was diagnosed at the Tis stage in 88% of the patients with colorectal cancer in Group B, and 34% of the patients with colorectal cancer in Group A (P < .01). Regarding survival, all patients in Group B were alive at the final follow‐up examination. In contrast, six patients in Group A died, including three patients with desmoid tumors and one with colon cancer. Conclusion Over one‐third of patients with non‐dense FAP (polyps ≤ 1000) in Japan did not receive colectomy at >30 years of age, and patients who managed without colectomy showed acceptable survival with the early diagnosis of colorectal cancer, and a very low incidence of desmoid tumor development, indicating that this approach represents a potential option for the management of selected non‐dense FAP patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takaaki Matsubara
- Department of Surgery, Division of Lower Gastrointestinal Surgery Hyogo College of Medicine Nishinomiya Hyogo Japan
- Study Group for Familial Adenomatous Polyposis in the Japanese Society for Cancer of the Colon and Rectum Tokyo Japan
| | - Naohito Beppu
- Department of Surgery, Division of Lower Gastrointestinal Surgery Hyogo College of Medicine Nishinomiya Hyogo Japan
- Study Group for Familial Adenomatous Polyposis in the Japanese Society for Cancer of the Colon and Rectum Tokyo Japan
| | - Masataka Ikeda
- Department of Surgery, Division of Lower Gastrointestinal Surgery Hyogo College of Medicine Nishinomiya Hyogo Japan
- Study Group for Familial Adenomatous Polyposis in the Japanese Society for Cancer of the Colon and Rectum Tokyo Japan
| | - Hideyuki Ishida
- Study Group for Familial Adenomatous Polyposis in the Japanese Society for Cancer of the Colon and Rectum Tokyo Japan
- Department of Digestive Tract and General surgery, Saitama Medical Center Saitama Medical University Saitama Japan
| | - Yoji Takeuchi
- Study Group for Familial Adenomatous Polyposis in the Japanese Society for Cancer of the Colon and Rectum Tokyo Japan
- Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology and Department of Genetic Oncology, Department of Hereditary Tumors Osaka International Cancer Institute Osaka Japan
| | - Toshiya Nagasaki
- Study Group for Familial Adenomatous Polyposis in the Japanese Society for Cancer of the Colon and Rectum Tokyo Japan
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery Cancer Institute Hospital of the Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research Tokyo Japan
| | - Akinari Takao
- Study Group for Familial Adenomatous Polyposis in the Japanese Society for Cancer of the Colon and Rectum Tokyo Japan
- Department of Gastroenterology Tokyo Metropolitan Cancer and Infectious Diseases Center Komagome Hospital Tokyo Japan
| | - Kazuhito Sasaki
- Study Group for Familial Adenomatous Polyposis in the Japanese Society for Cancer of the Colon and Rectum Tokyo Japan
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Faculty of Medicine The University of Tokyo Tokyo Japan
| | - Kiwamu Akagi
- Study Group for Familial Adenomatous Polyposis in the Japanese Society for Cancer of the Colon and Rectum Tokyo Japan
- Division of Molecular Diagnosis and Cancer Prevention Saitama Cancer Center Saitama Japan
| | - Tomoya Sudo
- Study Group for Familial Adenomatous Polyposis in the Japanese Society for Cancer of the Colon and Rectum Tokyo Japan
- Department of Surgery Kurume University School of Medicine Kurume Japan
| | - Hideki Ueno
- Study Group for Familial Adenomatous Polyposis in the Japanese Society for Cancer of the Colon and Rectum Tokyo Japan
- Department of Surgery National Defense Medical College Saitama Japan
| | - Tatsuro Yamaguchi
- Study Group for Familial Adenomatous Polyposis in the Japanese Society for Cancer of the Colon and Rectum Tokyo Japan
- Department of Clinical Genetics Tokyo Metropolitan Cancer and Infectious Diseases Center Komagome Hospital Tokyo Japan
| | - Naohiro Tomita
- Study Group for Familial Adenomatous Polyposis in the Japanese Society for Cancer of the Colon and Rectum Tokyo Japan
- Cancer Treatment Center Toyonaka Municipal Hospital Osaka Japan
| | - Yoichi Ajioka
- Study Group for Familial Adenomatous Polyposis in the Japanese Society for Cancer of the Colon and Rectum Tokyo Japan
- Division of Molecular and Diagnostic Pathology Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences Niigata Japan
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40
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Abreu de Oliveira WA, El Laithy Y, Bruna A, Annibali D, Lluis F. Wnt Signaling in the Breast: From Development to Disease. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:884467. [PMID: 35663403 PMCID: PMC9157790 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.884467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The Wnt cascade is a primordial developmental signaling pathway that plays a myriad of essential functions throughout development and adult homeostasis in virtually all animal species. Aberrant Wnt activity is implicated in embryonic and tissue morphogenesis defects, and several diseases, most notably cancer. The role of Wnt signaling in mammary gland development and breast cancer initiation, maintenance, and progression is far from being completely understood and is rather shrouded in controversy. In this review, we dissect the fundamental role of Wnt signaling in mammary gland development and adult homeostasis and explore how defects in its tightly regulated and intricated molecular network are interlinked with cancer, with a focus on the breast.
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Affiliation(s)
- Willy Antoni Abreu de Oliveira
- Department of Development and Regeneration, Stem Cell Institute, Katholieke Universiteit (KU) Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- *Correspondence: Willy Antoni Abreu de Oliveira, ; Frederic Lluis,
| | - Youssef El Laithy
- Department of Development and Regeneration, Stem Cell Institute, Katholieke Universiteit (KU) Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Alejandra Bruna
- Centre for Paediatric Oncology Experimental Medicine, Centre for Cancer Evolution, Molecular Pathology Division, London, United Kingdom
| | - Daniela Annibali
- Department of Oncology, Gynecological Oncology Laboratory, Leuven Cancer Institute (LKI), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Division of Oncogenomics, Oncode Institute, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Frederic Lluis
- Department of Development and Regeneration, Stem Cell Institute, Katholieke Universiteit (KU) Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- *Correspondence: Willy Antoni Abreu de Oliveira, ; Frederic Lluis,
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41
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Gabbutt C, Schenck RO, Weisenberger DJ, Kimberley C, Berner A, Househam J, Lakatos E, Robertson-Tessi M, Martin I, Patel R, Clark SK, Latchford A, Barnes CP, Leedham SJ, Anderson ARA, Graham TA, Shibata D. Fluctuating methylation clocks for cell lineage tracing at high temporal resolution in human tissues. Nat Biotechnol 2022; 40:720-730. [PMID: 34980912 PMCID: PMC9110299 DOI: 10.1038/s41587-021-01109-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Molecular clocks that record cell ancestry mutate too slowly to measure the short-timescale dynamics of cell renewal in adult tissues. Here, we show that fluctuating DNA methylation marks can be used as clocks in cells where ongoing methylation and demethylation cause repeated 'flip-flops' between methylated and unmethylated states. We identify endogenous fluctuating CpG (fCpG) sites using standard methylation arrays and develop a mathematical model to quantitatively measure human adult stem cell dynamics from these data. Small intestinal crypts were inferred to contain slightly more stem cells than the colon, with slower stem cell replacement in the small intestine. Germline APC mutation increased the number of replacements per crypt. In blood, we measured rapid expansion of acute leukemia and slower growth of chronic disease. Thus, the patterns of human somatic cell birth and death are measurable with fluctuating methylation clocks (FMCs).
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Affiliation(s)
- Calum Gabbutt
- Evolution and Cancer Laboratory, Centre for Genomics and Computational Biology, Barts Cancer Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, London, UK
- London Interdisciplinary Doctoral Training Programme (LIDo), London, UK
| | - Ryan O Schenck
- Integrated Mathematical Oncology Department, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, USA
- Intestinal Stem Cell Biology Lab, Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Daniel J Weisenberger
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Christopher Kimberley
- Evolution and Cancer Laboratory, Centre for Genomics and Computational Biology, Barts Cancer Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Alison Berner
- Evolution and Cancer Laboratory, Centre for Genomics and Computational Biology, Barts Cancer Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Jacob Househam
- Evolution and Cancer Laboratory, Centre for Genomics and Computational Biology, Barts Cancer Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Eszter Lakatos
- Evolution and Cancer Laboratory, Centre for Genomics and Computational Biology, Barts Cancer Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Mark Robertson-Tessi
- Integrated Mathematical Oncology Department, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Isabel Martin
- Evolution and Cancer Laboratory, Centre for Genomics and Computational Biology, Barts Cancer Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
- St. Mark's Hospital, Harrow, London, UK
| | - Roshani Patel
- Evolution and Cancer Laboratory, Centre for Genomics and Computational Biology, Barts Cancer Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
- St. Mark's Hospital, Harrow, London, UK
| | - Susan K Clark
- St. Mark's Hospital, Harrow, London, UK
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College, London, UK
| | - Andrew Latchford
- St. Mark's Hospital, Harrow, London, UK
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College, London, UK
| | - Chris P Barnes
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Simon J Leedham
- Intestinal Stem Cell Biology Lab, Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | | | - Trevor A Graham
- Evolution and Cancer Laboratory, Centre for Genomics and Computational Biology, Barts Cancer Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK.
| | - Darryl Shibata
- Department of Pathology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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Signaling cascades in the failing heart and emerging therapeutic strategies. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2022; 7:134. [PMID: 35461308 PMCID: PMC9035186 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-022-00972-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Revised: 03/13/2022] [Accepted: 03/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic heart failure is the end stage of cardiac diseases. With a high prevalence and a high mortality rate worldwide, chronic heart failure is one of the heaviest health-related burdens. In addition to the standard neurohormonal blockade therapy, several medications have been developed for chronic heart failure treatment, but the population-wide improvement in chronic heart failure prognosis over time has been modest, and novel therapies are still needed. Mechanistic discovery and technical innovation are powerful driving forces for therapeutic development. On the one hand, the past decades have witnessed great progress in understanding the mechanism of chronic heart failure. It is now known that chronic heart failure is not only a matter involving cardiomyocytes. Instead, chronic heart failure involves numerous signaling pathways in noncardiomyocytes, including fibroblasts, immune cells, vascular cells, and lymphatic endothelial cells, and crosstalk among these cells. The complex regulatory network includes protein-protein, protein-RNA, and RNA-RNA interactions. These achievements in mechanistic studies provide novel insights for future therapeutic targets. On the other hand, with the development of modern biological techniques, targeting a protein pharmacologically is no longer the sole option for treating chronic heart failure. Gene therapy can directly manipulate the expression level of genes; gene editing techniques provide hope for curing hereditary cardiomyopathy; cell therapy aims to replace dysfunctional cardiomyocytes; and xenotransplantation may solve the problem of donor heart shortages. In this paper, we reviewed these two aspects in the field of failing heart signaling cascades and emerging therapeutic strategies based on modern biological techniques.
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Takao A, Koizumi K, Takao M, Inokuchi T, Iijima T, Kojika E, Urushibara M, Horiguchi SI, Yamaguchi T. Upper gastrointestinal tumors are unrelated to the APC genotype in APC-associated polyposis. Jpn J Clin Oncol 2022; 52:554-561. [PMID: 35296888 DOI: 10.1093/jjco/hyac029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In patients with APC-associated polyposis, the prevalence of upper gastrointestinal tumors and the relationship between these and Helicobacter pylori infection have not been clarified in detail. The present study aimed to clarify the features of upper gastrointestinal lesions in patients with APC-associated polyposis. METHODS Consecutive patients with APC-associated polyposis who underwent esophagogastroduodenoscopy between 2004 and 2018 were recruited. RESULTS In total, 36 patients were enrolled. The types of gastrointestinal tumor observed were fundic gland polyposis in 28 patients (77.8%), gastric adenoma in 15 patients (41.7%), duodenal adenoma in 27 patients (75.0%) and periampullary adenoma in 20 patients (55.6%). The phenotype of these upper gastrointestinal tumors was not necessarily the same in patients belonging to the same family. Germline variants in the APC gene were distributed across various sites, regardless of the presence or absence of upper gastrointestinal lesions, and none of the tumors correlated with the genotype or phenotype of upper gastrointestinal tumors. Fundic gland polyposis was observed in 28 of 31 patients without a H. pylori infection and in none of the patients with a H. pylori infection (P = 0.00015). After eradication therapy for H. pylori, fundic gland polyposis developed in one, previously infected patient. CONCLUSION The upper gastrointestinal tumor phenotype was not associated with the genotype in patients with APC-associated polyposis. Ascertaining the H. pylori infection status is helpful for endoscopic surveillance of upper gastrointestinal tumors in patients with APC-associated polyposis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akinari Takao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tokyo Metropolitan Cancer and Infectious Diseases Center, Komagome Hospital
| | - Koichi Koizumi
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tokyo Metropolitan Cancer and Infectious Diseases Center, Komagome Hospital
| | - Misato Takao
- Department of Surgery, Tokyo Metropolitan Cancer and Infectious Diseases Center, Komagome Hospital
| | - Takuhiko Inokuchi
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Tokyo Metropolitan Cancer and Infectious Diseases Center, Komagome Hospital
| | - Takeru Iijima
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Tokyo Metropolitan Cancer and Infectious Diseases Center, Komagome Hospital
| | - Ekumi Kojika
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Tokyo Metropolitan Cancer and Infectious Diseases Center, Komagome Hospital
| | - Makiko Urushibara
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Tokyo Metropolitan Cancer and Infectious Diseases Center, Komagome Hospital
| | - Shin-Ichiro Horiguchi
- Department of Pathology, Tokyo Metropolitan Cancer and Infectious Diseases Center, Komagome Hospital
| | - Tatsuro Yamaguchi
- Department of Surgery, Tokyo Metropolitan Cancer and Infectious Diseases Center, Komagome Hospital.,Department of Clinical Genetics, Tokyo Metropolitan Cancer and Infectious Diseases Center, Komagome Hospital
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Doi T, Hojo H, Ohba S, Obayashi K, Endo M, Ishizaki T, Katoh A, Kouji H. Involvement of activator protein-1 family members in β-catenin and p300 association on the genome of PANC-1 cells. Heliyon 2022; 8:e08890. [PMID: 35198763 PMCID: PMC8841382 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e08890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Revised: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 01/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Wnt/β-catenin is believed to regulate different sets of genes with different coactivators, cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB)-binding protein (CBP) or p300. However, the factors that determine which coactivators act on a particular promoter remain elusive. ICG-001 is a specific inhibitor for β-catenin/CBP but not for β-catenin/p300. By taking advantage of the action of ICG-001, we sought to investigate regulatory mechanisms underlying β-catenin coactivator usage in human pancreatic carcinoma PANC-1 cells through combinatorial analysis of chromatin immunoprecipitation-sequencing and RNA-sequencing. CBP and p300 preferentially bound to regions with the TCF motif alone and with both the TCF and AP-1 motifs, respectively. ICG-001 increased β-catenin binding to regions with both the TCF and AP-1 motifs, flanking the genes induced by ICG-001, concomitant with the increments of the p300 and AP-1 component c-JUN binding. Taken together, AP-1 possibly coordinates β-catenin coactivator usage in PANC-1 cells. These results would further our understanding of the canonical Wnt/β-catenin signaling divergence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomomitsu Doi
- Department of Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Japan, 1-1 Iseigaoka, Yahatanishi-ku, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka, 807-8555, Japan
- Center for Disease Biology and Integrative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, 1-1 Idaigaoka, Hasama, Yufu, Oita, 879-5593, Japan
- Corresponding author.
| | - Hironori Hojo
- Center for Disease Biology and Integrative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan
| | - Shinsuke Ohba
- Center for Disease Biology and Integrative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan
- Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, 852-8588, Japan
| | - Kunie Obayashi
- Department of Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Japan, 1-1 Iseigaoka, Yahatanishi-ku, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka, 807-8555, Japan
| | - Motoyoshi Endo
- Department of Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Japan, 1-1 Iseigaoka, Yahatanishi-ku, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka, 807-8555, Japan
| | - Toshimasa Ishizaki
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, 1-1 Idaigaoka, Hasama, Yufu, Oita, 879-5593, Japan
| | - Akira Katoh
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, 1-1 Idaigaoka, Hasama, Yufu, Oita, 879-5593, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Kouji
- Translational Chemical Biology Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, 1-1 Idaigaoka, Hasama, Yufu, Oita, 879-5593, Japan
- Oita University Institute of Advanced Medicine, Inc., 17-20, Higashi Kasuga-machi, Oita-city, Oita, 870-0037, Japan
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Disoma C, Zhou Y, Li S, Peng J, Xia Z. Wnt/β-catenin signaling in colorectal cancer: Is therapeutic targeting even possible? Biochimie 2022; 195:39-53. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2022.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Revised: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Kim W, Kidambi T, Lin J, Idos G. Genetic Syndromes Associated with Gastric Cancer. Gastrointest Endosc Clin N Am 2022; 32:147-162. [PMID: 34798983 DOI: 10.1016/j.giec.2021.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Although environmental factors such as Helicobacter pylori, tobacco, and diet are major contributors to the development of gastric cancer (GC) worldwide, it is estimated that up to 5% to 10% of GC cases are due to an underlying hereditary susceptibility caused by germline pathogenic variants. Hereditary diffuse gastric cancer (HDGC) caused by germline pathogenic variants in the CDH1 gene is the principal familial GC syndrome. However, other well-established hereditary gastrointestinal syndromes have been associated with an increased risk of GC. In this review, we will discuss the latest insights and advances in our understanding of GC associated with Lynch syndrome (LS), familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP), gastric adenocarcinoma and proximal polyposis of the stomach (GAPPS), Li-Fraumeni syndrome (LFS), Peutz-Jeghers syndrome (PJS), and juvenile polyposis syndrome (JPS). We will also discuss the emergence of new associations of the homologous recombination pathway genes (BRCA1, BRCA2) with GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Woojin Kim
- City of Hope National Medical Center, 1500 East Duarte Road, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Trilokesh Kidambi
- City of Hope National Medical Center, 1500 East Duarte Road, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - James Lin
- City of Hope National Medical Center, 1500 East Duarte Road, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Gregory Idos
- City of Hope National Medical Center, 1500 East Duarte Road, Duarte, CA 91010, USA.
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Howe JR. The impact of DNA testing on management of patients with colorectal cancer. Ann Gastroenterol Surg 2022; 6:17-28. [PMID: 35106411 PMCID: PMC8786701 DOI: 10.1002/ags3.12526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Revised: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Knowledge of the genetic basis of colorectal cancer has evolved over the past decades, allowing for the pre-symptomatic identification of affected patients in those with familial syndromes and to the understanding of the multi-step progression to carcinogenesis in tumors. Knowledge of the genes and pathways involved in colorectal cancer has allowed for targeted therapies in patients in addition to standard chemotherapy for those with metastases. Next-generation sequencing technologies have now also allowed for the sensitive detection of circulating mutations derived from tumors, which can give insight into the presence of residual disease and has implications for changing the standard paradigms for treatment. This article will specifically review advances in targeted therapy in metastatic colon cancer and the progress being made in using circulating tumor DNA in patient management.
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Affiliation(s)
- James R. Howe
- Department of SurgeryUniversity of Iowa Carver College of MedicineIowa CityIowaUSA
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48
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Wang Y, Zhu M, Ma H, Shen H. Polygenic risk scores: the future of cancer risk prediction, screening, and precision prevention. MEDICAL REVIEW (BERLIN, GERMANY) 2021; 1:129-149. [PMID: 37724297 PMCID: PMC10471106 DOI: 10.1515/mr-2021-0025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 09/20/2023]
Abstract
Genome-wide association studies (GWASs) have shown that the genetic architecture of cancers are highly polygenic and enabled researchers to identify genetic risk loci for cancers. The genetic variants associated with a cancer can be combined into a polygenic risk score (PRS), which captures part of an individual's genetic susceptibility to cancer. Recently, PRSs have been widely used in cancer risk prediction and are shown to be capable of identifying groups of individuals who could benefit from the knowledge of their probabilistic susceptibility to cancer, which leads to an increased interest in understanding the potential utility of PRSs that might further refine the assessment and management of cancer risk. In this context, we provide an overview of the major discoveries from cancer GWASs. We then review the methodologies used for PRS construction, and describe steps for the development and evaluation of risk prediction models that include PRS and/or conventional risk factors. Potential utility of PRSs in cancer risk prediction, screening, and precision prevention are illustrated. Challenges and practical considerations relevant to the implementation of PRSs in health care settings are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuzhuo Wang
- Department of Epidemiology, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Department of Medical Informatics, School of Biomedical Engineering and Informatics, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Meng Zhu
- Department of Epidemiology, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hongxia Ma
- Department of Epidemiology, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Research Units of Cohort Study on Cardiovascular Diseases and Cancers, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hongbing Shen
- Department of Epidemiology, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Research Units of Cohort Study on Cardiovascular Diseases and Cancers, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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Olkinuora AP, Peltomäki PT, Aaltonen LA, Rajamäki K. From APC to the genetics of hereditary and familial colon cancer syndromes. Hum Mol Genet 2021; 30:R206-R224. [PMID: 34329396 PMCID: PMC8490010 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddab208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Revised: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Hereditary colorectal cancer (CRC) syndromes attributable to high penetrance mutations represent 9-26% of young-onset CRC cases. The clinical significance of many of these mutations is understood well enough to be used in diagnostics and as an aid in patient care. However, despite the advances made in the field, a significant proportion of familial and early-onset cases remains molecularly uncharacterized and extensive work is still needed to fully understand the genetic nature of CRC susceptibility. With the emergence of next-generation sequencing and associated methods, several predisposition loci have been unraveled, but validation is incomplete. Individuals with cancer-predisposing mutations are currently enrolled in life-long surveillance, but with the development of new treatments, such as cancer vaccinations, this might change in the not so distant future for at least some individuals. For individuals without a known cause for their disease susceptibility, prevention and therapy options are less precise. Herein, we review the progress achieved in the last three decades with a focus on how CRC predisposition genes were discovered. Furthermore, we discuss the clinical implications of these discoveries and anticipate what to expect in the next decade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alisa P Olkinuora
- Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics, Medicum, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
- iCAN Digital Precision Cancer Medicine Flagship, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Päivi T Peltomäki
- Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics, Medicum, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
- iCAN Digital Precision Cancer Medicine Flagship, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Lauri A Aaltonen
- Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics, Medicum, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
- iCAN Digital Precision Cancer Medicine Flagship, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
- Applied Tumor Genomics Research Program, Research Programs Unit, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kristiina Rajamäki
- Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics, Medicum, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
- Applied Tumor Genomics Research Program, Research Programs Unit, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
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50
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Hu J, Wang Z, Chen J, Yu Z, Zhang J, Li W, Lin M, Yang X, Liu H. Overexpression of ICAT Inhibits the Progression of Colorectal Cancer by Binding with β-Catenin in the Cytoplasm. Technol Cancer Res Treat 2021; 20:15330338211041253. [PMID: 34569368 PMCID: PMC8485569 DOI: 10.1177/15330338211041253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Inhibitor of β-catenin and T-cell factor (ICAT) was first found as a polypeptide that blocks β-catenin–TCF interaction. Abundant evidence has shown that ICAT has different functions in diverse cancers’ progression. Nevertheless, the roles it plays in colorectal cancer (CRC) have not been described. Here, we documented that ICAT expression was higher in CRC tissue than in the adjacent normal tissue and that prognosis was better in high-ICAT expression patients. The overexpression of ICAT inhibited CRC cell proliferation both in vitro and in vivo. Wnt pathway transcriptional activity was suppressed in the CRC cells with ICAT overexpression, where the CCND1 and MYC expression, which occurs downstream of the Wnt signaling pathway, was inhibited. Co-immunoprecipitation experiments showed that ICAT bound with β-catenin in stable overexpression cell lines; immunofluorescence showed the co-localization of ICAT and β-catenin in the cytoplasm. Overall, our study reveals that ICAT inhibits CRC cell proliferation by binding to cytoplasm-located β-catenin, and prevents its translocation, which results in Wnt signaling pathway inactivation. It may provide a scientific foundation for focusing on ICAT in treatments for CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiancong Hu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Zihan Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Junxiong Chen
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhaoliang Yu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jingdan Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Weiqian Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Mengmeng Lin
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiangling Yang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Huanliang Liu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Huanliang Liu, Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, 26 Yuancun Erheng Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Colorectal and Pelvic Floor Diseases, Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, 26 Yuancun Erheng Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
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