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Busceti CL, Bucci D, De Lucia M, Ferrucci M, Scioli M, Carrizzo A, Nicoletti F, Vecchione C, Fornai F. Different Doses of Methamphetamine Are Needed to Produce Locomotor or Blood Pressure Sensitization in Mice. Life (Basel) 2024; 14:723. [PMID: 38929706 PMCID: PMC11205198 DOI: 10.3390/life14060723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2024] [Revised: 05/27/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Methamphetamine (METH) exposure increases locomotor sensitization. However, no study has explored the occurrence of cardiovascular sensitization. The present study, carried out in mice, analyzed the following: (i) METH sensitization extending to systolic blood pressure (SBP); (ii) a potential correlation between ambulatory and cardiovascular sensitization; and (iii) morphological alterations within meso-striatal, meso-limbic and pontine catecholamine systems including c-fos expression. Locomotor activity, SBP and occurrence of morphological alterations of catecholaminergic neurons were assessed in C57Bl/6J mice following daily i.p. injections of either saline or METH (1, 2 or 5 mg/kg) for 5 consecutive days and following 6 days of withdrawal. Reiterated exposure to the lower doses of METH (1 mg/kg and 2 mg/kg) produced in mice locomotor sensitization without altering SBP. In contrast, repeated treatment with the highest dose of METH (5 mg/kg) produced sensitization of SBP in the absence of locomotor sensitization. No morphological alterations but increases in c-fos expression within neurons of locus coeruleus and nucleus accumbens were detected. The present data suggest that METH produces plastic changes that extend beyond the motor systems to alter autonomic regulation. This cardiovascular sensitization occurs independently of locomotor sensitization. The persistency of increased blood pressure may underlie specific mechanisms operating in producing hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Letizia Busceti
- Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Neuromed, 86077 Pozzilli, Italy; (D.B.); (M.D.L.); (M.S.); (A.C.); (F.N.); (C.V.)
| | - Domenico Bucci
- Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Neuromed, 86077 Pozzilli, Italy; (D.B.); (M.D.L.); (M.S.); (A.C.); (F.N.); (C.V.)
| | - Massimiliano De Lucia
- Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Neuromed, 86077 Pozzilli, Italy; (D.B.); (M.D.L.); (M.S.); (A.C.); (F.N.); (C.V.)
| | - Michela Ferrucci
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy;
| | - Mariarosaria Scioli
- Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Neuromed, 86077 Pozzilli, Italy; (D.B.); (M.D.L.); (M.S.); (A.C.); (F.N.); (C.V.)
| | - Albino Carrizzo
- Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Neuromed, 86077 Pozzilli, Italy; (D.B.); (M.D.L.); (M.S.); (A.C.); (F.N.); (C.V.)
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry “Scuola Medica Salernitana”, University of Salerno, 84081 Baronissi, Italy
| | - Ferdinando Nicoletti
- Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Neuromed, 86077 Pozzilli, Italy; (D.B.); (M.D.L.); (M.S.); (A.C.); (F.N.); (C.V.)
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University Sapienza, 00185 Roma, Italy
| | - Carmine Vecchione
- Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Neuromed, 86077 Pozzilli, Italy; (D.B.); (M.D.L.); (M.S.); (A.C.); (F.N.); (C.V.)
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry “Scuola Medica Salernitana”, University of Salerno, 84081 Baronissi, Italy
| | - Francesco Fornai
- Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Neuromed, 86077 Pozzilli, Italy; (D.B.); (M.D.L.); (M.S.); (A.C.); (F.N.); (C.V.)
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy;
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Sharma HS, Kiyatkin EA, Patnaik R, Lafuente JV, Muresanu DF, Sjöquist PO, Sharma A. Exacerbation of Methamphetamine Neurotoxicity in Cold and Hot Environments: Neuroprotective Effects of an Antioxidant Compound H-290/51. Mol Neurobiol 2015; 52:1023-33. [PMID: 26111626 PMCID: PMC5518775 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-015-9252-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we examined the influence of cold and hot environments on methamphetamine (METH) neurotoxicity in both drug-naive rats and animals previously exposed to different types of nanoparticles (NPs). Since METH induces oxidative stress, we also examined how a potential chain-breaking antioxidant H-290/51 (Astra-Zeneca, Mölndal, Sweden) affects METH-induced neurotoxicity. Exposure of drug-naive rats to METH (9 mg/kg, s.c.) at 4, 21, or 34 °C for 3 h resulted in breakdown of the blood-brain barrier (BBB), brain edema, and neuronal injuries, which all differed in severity depending upon ambient temperatures. The changes were moderate at 21 °C, 120-180 % larger at 34 °C, and almost absent at 4 °C. In rats chronically treated with NPs (SiO2, Cu, or Ag; 50-60 nm, 50 mg/kg, i.p. for 7 days), METH-induced brain alterations showed a two- to fourfold increase at 21 °C, a four- to sixfold increase at 34 °C, and three- to fourfold increase at 4 °C. SiO2 exposure showed the most pronounced METH-induced brain pathology at all temperatures followed by Ag and Cu NPs. Pretreatment with a potent antioxidant compound H-290/51 (50 mg/kg, p.o., 30 min before METH) significantly reduced brain pathology in naive animals exposed to METH at 21 and 34 °C. In NPs-treated animals, however, attenuation of METH-induced brain pathology occurred only after repeated exposure of H-290/51 (-30 min, 0 min, and +30 min). These observations are the first to show that NPs exacerbate METH-induced brain pathology in both cold and hot environments and demonstrate that timely intervention with antioxidant H-290/51 could have neuroprotective effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hari Shanker Sharma
- Laboratory of Cerebrovascular Research, Department of Surgical Sciences, Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital, Uppsala University, SE-75185, Uppsala, Sweden,
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Fowler SC, Pinkston JW, Vorontsova E. Clozapine and prazosin slow the rhythm of head movements during focused stereotypy induced by d-amphetamine in rats. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2007; 192:219-30. [PMID: 17279374 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-007-0705-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2006] [Accepted: 01/09/2007] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Clozapine is an efficacious, symptom-ameliorating, atypical antipsychotic drug with few extrapyramidal side effects. Clozapine has been reported either not to affect or to increase d-amphetamine-induced stereotypy, a behavior that is blocked by typical antipsychotic drugs. OBJECTIVES This work used a high-resolution measurement system to reassess clozapine's effects on d-amphetamine-induced focused stereotypy (FS) in rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS A force-plate actometer permitted the quantitation of the rhythm and vigor of movements during FS. Eight rats received a sensitizing series of doses of 5.0 mg/kg d-amphetamine sulfate, and this dosing regimen induced head movements with a rhythm near 10 Hz. Thirty minutes after d-amphetamine treatment, rats received acute clozapine (2.5-10.0 mg/kg), followed by eight, daily clozapine injections (5.0 mg/kg) given with d-amphetamine on days 2, 5, and 8. Effects of acute doses of the alpha1-noradrenergic antagonist prazosin (0.5-2.0 mg/kg) on the d-amphetamine response were also examined. RESULTS Clozapine dose-dependently slowed the near 10-Hz rhythm and reduced the vigor of the d-amphetamine-induced FS. Clozapine significantly lengthened the duration of the FS phase, but the rhythm remained slowed. No evidence for tolerance to clozapine's rhythm-slowing effects was seen in the subchronic phase. Prazosin dose-dependently reduced the near 10-Hz rhythm induced by d-amphetamine, but prazosin did not lengthen the FS phase. CONCLUSIONS The results show that clozapine diminished the rhythm and vigor of d-amphetamine-induced stereotyped head movements but, at the same time, lengthened the duration of the expression of the stereotypy. alpha1 antagonism is a likely contributor to the rhythm-modulating effects of clozapine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen C Fowler
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045-2505, USA.
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Upadhyaya HP, Rose K, Wang W, O'Rourke K, Sullivan B, Deas D, Brady KT. Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, medication treatment, and substance use patterns among adolescents and young adults. J Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol 2005; 15:799-809. [PMID: 16262596 DOI: 10.1089/cap.2005.15.799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between current active attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms, medication treatment, and substance use patterns among college students. METHOD Three hundred and thirty-four students at a local college were surveyed for current ADHD symptoms and psychopharmacological treatment. The survey was conducted in conjunction with an annual national survey that probes students about their substance use patterns and attitudes. RESULTS Participants with ADHD as ascertained by medication treatment of ADHD had greater past-year tobacco and marijuana use. Among those with ADHD, participants with active ADHD symptoms were more likely to have past-year tobacco and other drug (besides tobacco, alcohol, and marijuana) use as compared to those without active ADHD symptoms. In addition, participants with active ADHD symptoms were more likely to have past-month "other" drug use as compared to those without active ADHD symptoms. Among those prescribed medications for ADHD, 25% reported ever using their medication to "get high" and almost 29% reported ever giving or selling their medication to someone else. CONCLUSIONS Results of our preliminary study indicated that ADHD symptom control may be important to protect against increased risk of substance use (particularly tobacco and drugs other than alcohol and marijuana) among college-age students with ADHD. Further studies of misuse/diversion of prescription stimulant medication among college students are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Himanshu P Upadhyaya
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, USA.
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Hirota S, Kawashima N, Chaki S, Okuyama S. Neuropharmacological profile of an atypical antipsychotic, NRA0562. CNS DRUG REVIEWS 2004; 9:375-88. [PMID: 14647530 PMCID: PMC6741651 DOI: 10.1111/j.1527-3458.2003.tb00261.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Schizophrenia is a serious and disabling psychiatric disorder affecting approximately 1% of the world's population. A new generation of atypical antipsychotics has been introduced over the past decade. These atypical antipsychotics have comparable or greater efficacy than traditional antipsychotics in the treatment of the psychotic symptoms of schizophrenia and a much improved neurologic side effect profile. This paper reviews the pharmacological efficacy and safety of a potential atypical antipsychotic, NRA0562. NRA0562 has a high affinity for dopamine D1, D2L, D4.2, 5-HT2A receptors as well as alpha1-adrenoceptors, and has a moderate affinity for H1 receptors. NRA0562 strongly binds to 5-HT2A receptors and alpha1-adrenoceptors in the frontal cortex, its binding to striatal D2 receptors is weaker, similar to that of clozapine. NRA562 displayed potent antipsychotic activities in animal models of schizophrenia, such as methamphetamine (MAP)-induced hyperactivity, apomorphine-induced disruption of pre-pulse inhibition and conditioned avoidance test. NRA0562 is more potent in reversing the inhibitory effects of MAP at A10 than at A9 dopamine neurons. It increased Fos-like immunoreactivity in the nucleus accumbens more effectively than in the dorsolateral striatum, indicating that NRA0562 has the profile of an atypical antipsychotic. In vivo assays for extrapyramidal side effect liability showed that NRA0562 has a low rate of neurological side effects. Thus, NRA0562 may have unique antipsychotic activity with a lower propensity for extrapyramidal side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiho Hirota
- Psychiatric Diseases and Pain Research, Medicinal Pharmacology Laboratory, Medicinal Research Laboratories, Taisho Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 1-403 Yoshino-cho, Kita-ku, Saitama, Saitama 331-9530, Japan.
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Cadet JL, Jayanthi S, Deng X. Speed kills: cellular and molecular bases of methamphetamine‐induced nerve terminal degeneration and neuronal apoptosis. FASEB J 2003; 17:1775-88. [PMID: 14519657 DOI: 10.1096/fj.03-0073rev] [Citation(s) in RCA: 226] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Methamphetamine (METH) is a drug of abuse that has long been known to damage monoaminergic systems in the mammalian brain. Recent reports have provided conclusive evidence that METH can cause neuropathological changes in the rodent brain via apoptotic mechanisms akin to those reported in various models of neuronal death. The purpose of this review is to provide an interim account for a role of oxygen-based radicals and the participation of transcription factors and the involvement of cell death genes in METH-induced neurodegeneration. We discuss data suggesting the participation of endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria-mediated activation of caspase-dependent and -independent cascades in the manifestation of METH-induced apoptosis. Studies that use more comprehensive approaches to gene expression profiling should allow us to draw more instructive molecular portraits of the complex plastic and degenerative effects of this drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean Lud Cadet
- Molecular Neuropsychiatry Branch, NIH, NIDA, Intramural Research Program, Department of Health and Human Services, 5500 Nathan Shock Dr., Baltimore, Maryland 21224, USA.
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Abstract
Demographic effects on the Trail Making Test (TMT), a test often used for screening for cognitive impairment, were examined in a sample of amphetamine abusers in drug abuse treatment programs. A sample was drawn from electronic files of data from the Drug Abuse Treatment Outcome Study (DATOS). The DATOS was a naturalistic, prospective cohort study that collected data from 1991-1993, in 96 programs in 11 cities in the United States. The number of amphetamine abusers scores available for analysis were 185. Data were analyzed to determine the effects of sex, ethnicity, age, and education variables on the two parts of the TMT in this large treatment sample of amphetamine abusers. No variables were statistically significant for either parts A and B of the TMT. R-square values for overall models were also negligible (A = .03, B = .08) suggesting that demographic effects on the TMT account for a minuscule amount of overall variance in terms of amphetamine abusers' TMT performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Roberts
- Center for Substance Abuse Treatment, Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, Rockwall II Building, Suite 840, 5600 Fishers Lane, Rockville, MD 20857, USA
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Uhl GR, Li S, Takahashi N, Itokawa K, Lin Z, Hazama M, Sora I. The VMAT2 gene in mice and humans: amphetamine responses, locomotion, cardiac arrhythmias, aging, and vulnerability to dopaminergic toxins. FASEB J 2000; 14:2459-65. [PMID: 11099463 DOI: 10.1096/fj.00-0205rev] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Monoamine compartmentalization in monoaminergic neurons uses serial action of the plasma membrane and vesicular monoamine (VAMT2) transporters. We can now define the sequences of the genes encoding these transporters in mice and humans, examine influences of deletions of this gene and alteration in its expression levels in transgenic mice, and identify sequence polymorphisms in the human VMAT2 gene. Examination of VMAT2 variants can provide potential insights into roles for allelic variants at these loci in variant drug responses and in diseases linked to monoaminergic systems, including substance abuse and Parkinson's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- G R Uhl
- Molecular Neurobiology Branch, NIDA-IRP, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, USA.
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Ikemoto M, Takita M, Imamura T, Inoue K. Increased sensitivity to the stimulant effects of morphine conferred by anti-adhesive glycoprotein SPARC in amygdala. Nat Med 2000; 6:910-5. [PMID: 10932229 DOI: 10.1038/78675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Repeated administration of morphine substantially increases its locomotor-enhancing activity, a phenomenon termed locomotor sensitization. Here we show that secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine (SPARC), an anti-adhesive glycoprotein present in the basolateral amygdala, contributes to the establishment of locomotor sensitization. The morphine-induced increase in SPARC levels in the basolateral amygdala persisted after morphine withdrawal and coincided with the duration of locomotor sensitization. Moreover, a single injection of morphine after SPARC infusion into the basolateral amygdala of previously uninjected mice substantially enhanced locomotor activity. Thus, SPARC may be an important element for establishing locomotor sensitization to morphine.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Ikemoto
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering, National Institute of Bioscience and Human Technology, Agency of Industrial Science and Technology, Ministry of International Trade and Industry 1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8566, Japan.
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Neuropsychological Deficits in Patients with Alcohol and Other Psychoactive Substance Abuse and Dependence. ALCOHOLISM TREATMENT QUARTERLY 1999. [DOI: 10.1300/j020v16n04_09] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Abstract
Repeated doses of cocaine or amphetamine lead to long-lasting behavioral manifestations that include enhanced responses termed sensitization. Although biochemical mechanisms that underlie these manifestations currently remain largely unknown, new protein synthesis has been implicated in several of these neuroadaptive processes. To seek candidate biochemical mechanisms for these drug-induced neuroplastic behavioral responses, we have used an approach termed subtracted differential display (SDD) to identify genes whose expression is regulated by these psychostimulants. rGbeta1 is one of the SDD products that encodes a rat G-protein beta subunit. rGbeta1 expression is upregulated by cocaine or amphetamine treatments in neurons of the nucleus accumbens shell region, a major center for psychostimulant effects in locomotor control and behavioral reward. Antisense oligonucleotide treatments that attenuate rGbeta1 expression in regions including the nucleus accumbens abolish the development of behavioral sensitization when they are administrated during the repeated cocaine exposures that establish sensitization. These treatments fail to alter acute behavioral responses to cocaine, and they do not block the expression of cocaine sensitization when it is established before oligonucleotide administrations. Full, regulated rGbeta1 expression is a biochemical component essential to the establishment of a key consequence of repeated cocaine administrations, sensitization.
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