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Lamouroux A, Tournier M, Iaculli D, Caufriez A, Rusiecka OM, Martin C, Bes V, Carpio LE, Girardin Y, Loris R, Tabernilla A, Molica F, Gozalbes R, Mayán MD, Vinken M, Kwak BR, Ballet S. Structure-Based Design and Synthesis of Stapled 10Panx1 Analogues for Use in Cardiovascular Inflammatory Diseases. J Med Chem 2023; 66:13086-13102. [PMID: 37703077 PMCID: PMC10544015 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.3c01116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023]
Abstract
Following a rational design, a series of macrocyclic ("stapled") peptidomimetics of 10Panx1, the most established peptide inhibitor of Pannexin1 (Panx1) channels, were developed and synthesized. Two macrocyclic analogues SBL-PX1-42 and SBL-PX1-44 outperformed the linear native peptide. During in vitro adenosine triphosphate (ATP) release and Yo-Pro-1 uptake assays in a Panx1-expressing tumor cell line, both compounds were revealed to be promising bidirectional inhibitors of Panx1 channel function, able to induce a two-fold inhibition, as compared to the native 10Panx1 sequence. The introduction of triazole-based cross-links within the peptide backbones increased helical content and enhanced in vitro proteolytic stability in human plasma (>30-fold longer half-lives, compared to 10Panx1). In adhesion assays, a "double-stapled" peptide, SBL-PX1-206 inhibited ATP release from endothelial cells, thereby efficiently reducing THP-1 monocyte adhesion to a TNF-α-activated endothelial monolayer and making it a promising candidate for future in vivo investigations in animal models of cardiovascular inflammatory disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arthur Lamouroux
- Research
Group of Organic Chemistry, Departments of Chemistry and Bioengineering
Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Malaury Tournier
- Department
of Pathology and Immunology and Geneva Center for Inflammation Research,
Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Rue Michel-Servet 1, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Debora Iaculli
- Research
Group of Organic Chemistry, Departments of Chemistry and Bioengineering
Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Anne Caufriez
- Research
Group of Organic Chemistry, Departments of Chemistry and Bioengineering
Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
- Research
Unit of In Vitro Toxicology and Dermato-Cosmetology, Department of
Pharmaceutical Sciences, Vrije Universiteit
Brussel, Laarbeeklaan
103, 1090 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Olga M. Rusiecka
- Department
of Pathology and Immunology and Geneva Center for Inflammation Research,
Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Rue Michel-Servet 1, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Charlotte Martin
- Research
Group of Organic Chemistry, Departments of Chemistry and Bioengineering
Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Viviane Bes
- Department
of Pathology and Immunology and Geneva Center for Inflammation Research,
Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Rue Michel-Servet 1, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Laureano E. Carpio
- ProtoQSAR
SL, Centro Europeo de Empresas Innovadoras, Parque Tecnológico de Valencia, Avda. Benjamin Franklin 12, 46980 Paterna, Spain
| | - Yana Girardin
- Structural
Biology Brussels, Department of Biotechnology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
- Centre for
Structural Biology, VIB, Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Remy Loris
- Structural
Biology Brussels, Department of Biotechnology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
- Centre for
Structural Biology, VIB, Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Andrés Tabernilla
- Research
Unit of In Vitro Toxicology and Dermato-Cosmetology, Department of
Pharmaceutical Sciences, Vrije Universiteit
Brussel, Laarbeeklaan
103, 1090 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Filippo Molica
- Department
of Pathology and Immunology and Geneva Center for Inflammation Research,
Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Rue Michel-Servet 1, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Rafael Gozalbes
- ProtoQSAR
SL, Centro Europeo de Empresas Innovadoras, Parque Tecnológico de Valencia, Avda. Benjamin Franklin 12, 46980 Paterna, Spain
- MolDrug
AI Systems SL, c/Olimpia
Arozena 45, 46018 Valencia, Spain
| | - María D. Mayán
- CellCOM
Research Group, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica
de A Coruña, Servizo Galego de Saúde, Universidade da Coruña, 15071 A Coruña, Spain
| | - Mathieu Vinken
- Research
Unit of In Vitro Toxicology and Dermato-Cosmetology, Department of
Pharmaceutical Sciences, Vrije Universiteit
Brussel, Laarbeeklaan
103, 1090 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Brenda R. Kwak
- Department
of Pathology and Immunology and Geneva Center for Inflammation Research,
Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Rue Michel-Servet 1, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Steven Ballet
- Research
Group of Organic Chemistry, Departments of Chemistry and Bioengineering
Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
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Characterization of human IgM and IgG repertoires in individuals with chronic HIV-1 infection. Virol Sin 2022; 37:370-379. [PMID: 35247647 PMCID: PMC9243603 DOI: 10.1016/j.virs.2022.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Advancements in high-throughput sequencing (HTS) of antibody repertoires (Ig-Seq) have unprecedentedly improved our ability to characterize the antibody repertoires on a large scale. However, currently, only a few studies explored the influence of chronic HIV-1 infection on human antibody repertoires and many of them reached contradictory conclusions, possibly limited by inadequate sequencing depth and throughput. To better understand how HIV-1 infection would impact humoral immune system, in this study, we systematically analyzed the differences between the IgM (HIV-IgM) and IgG (HIV-IgG) heavy chain repertoires of HIV-1 infected patients, as well as between antibody repertoires of HIV-1 patients and healthy donors (HH). Notably, the public unique clones accounted for only a negligible proportion between the HIV-IgM and HIV-IgG repertoires libraries, and the diversity of unique clones in HIV-IgG remarkably reduced. In aspect of somatic mutation rates of CDR1 and CDR2, the HIV-IgG repertoire was higher than HIV-IgM. Besides, the average length of CDR3 region in HIV-IgM was significant longer than that in the HH repertoire, presumably caused by the great number of novel VDJ rearrangement patterns, especially a massive use of IGHJ6. Moreover, some of the B cell clonotypes had numerous clones, and somatic variants were detected within the clonotype lineage in HIV-IgG, indicating HIV-1 neutralizing activities. The in-depth characterization of HIV-IgG and HIV-IgM repertoires enriches our knowledge in the profound effect of HIV-1 infection on human antibody repertoires and may have practical value for the discovery of therapeutic antibodies. Ultra-deep sequencing of both IgM and IgG repertoires in chronic HIV-1 infection. VDJ gene rearrangement patterns can be dramatically changed by HIV-1 infection. Multiple mechanisms cause the high complexity of HIV-1-experienced antibodies. Discovery of promising neutralizing HIV-1 antibodies from antibody repertoires.
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Carbone A, Borok M, Damania B, Gloghini A, Polizzotto MN, Jayanthan RK, Fajgenbaum DC, Bower M. Castleman disease. Nat Rev Dis Primers 2021; 7:84. [PMID: 34824298 PMCID: PMC9584164 DOI: 10.1038/s41572-021-00317-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Castleman disease (CD), a heterogeneous group of disorders that share morphological features, is divided into unicentric CD and multicentric CD (MCD) according to the clinical presentation and disease course. Unicentric CD involves a solitary enlarged lymph node and mild symptoms and excision surgery is often curative. MCD includes a form associated with Kaposi sarcoma herpesvirus (KSHV) (also known as human herpesvirus 8) and a KSHV-negative idiopathic form (iMCD). iMCD can present in association with severe syndromes such as TAFRO (thrombocytopenia, ascites, fever, reticulin fibrosis and organomegaly) or POEMS (polyneuropathy, organomegaly, endocrinopathy, monoclonal plasma cell disorder and skin changes). KSHV-MCD often occurs in the setting of HIV infection or another cause of immune deficiency. The interplay between KSHV and HIV elevates the risk for the development of KSHV-induced disorders, including KSHV-MCD, KSHV-lymphoproliferation, KSHV inflammatory cytokine syndrome, primary effusion lymphoma and Kaposi sarcoma. A CD diagnosis requires a multidimensional approach, including clinical presentation and imaging, pathological features, and molecular virology. B cell-directed monoclonal antibody therapy is the standard of care in KSHV-MCD, and anti-IL-6 therapy is the recommended first-line therapy and only treatment of iMCD approved by the US FDA and EMA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonino Carbone
- Centro di Riferimento Oncologico (CRO), IRCCS, National Cancer Institute, Aviano, Italy.
- S. Maria degli Angeli Hospital, Pordenone, Italy.
| | - Margaret Borok
- Unit of Internal Medicine, University of Zimbabwe Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Harare, Zimbabwe
| | - Blossom Damania
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology and Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Annunziata Gloghini
- Department of Pathology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milano, Italy
| | - Mark N Polizzotto
- Clinical Hub for Interventional Research, John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Canberra, NSW, Australia
| | - Raj K Jayanthan
- Castleman Disease Collaborative Network, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - David C Fajgenbaum
- Center for Cytokine Storm Treatment & Laboratory, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Mark Bower
- National Centre for HIV Malignancy, Chelsea & Westminster Hospital, London, UK
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Wang J. A Simple, Rapid and Low-cost 3-Aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES)-based Surface Plasmon Resonance Sensor for TNT Explosive Detection. ANAL SCI 2021; 37:1029-1032. [PMID: 33191367 DOI: 10.2116/analsci.20n028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
In this study, a simple, one-step organic molecule 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES) functionalized surface plasmon resonance (SPR) sensor was developed. APTES as an organic ligand immobilized on the SPR sensor chip was used to form the Meisenheimer complex with 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT). The results of using the APTES-based SPR sensor chip show a highly selective and sensitive (ppb level: parts per billion) detection of TNT explosive. The sensor is expected to have potential for application in the fast screening of the TNT explosive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Wang
- Graduate School of Interdisciplinary Science and Engineering in Health Systems, Okayama University
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5
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Bobkov V, Arimont M, Zarca A, De Groof TWM, van der Woning B, de Haard H, Smit MJ. Antibodies Targeting Chemokine Receptors CXCR4 and ACKR3. Mol Pharmacol 2019; 96:753-764. [PMID: 31481460 DOI: 10.1124/mol.119.116954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2019] [Accepted: 07/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Dysregulation of the chemokine system is implicated in a number of autoimmune and inflammatory diseases, as well as cancer. Modulation of chemokine receptor function is a very promising approach for therapeutic intervention. Despite interest from academic groups and pharmaceutical companies, there are currently few approved medicines targeting chemokine receptors. Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) and antibody-based molecules have been successfully applied in the clinical therapy of cancer and represent a potential new class of therapeutics targeting chemokine receptors belonging to the class of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). Besides conventional mAbs, single-domain antibodies and antibody scaffolds are also gaining attention as promising therapeutics. In this review, we provide an extensive overview of mAbs, single-domain antibodies, and other antibody fragments targeting CXCR4 and ACKR3, formerly referred to as CXCR7. We discuss their unique properties and advantages over small-molecule compounds, and also refer to the molecules in preclinical and clinical development. We focus on single-domain antibodies and scaffolds and their utilization in GPCR research. Additionally, structural analysis of antibody binding to CXCR4 is discussed. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Modulating the function of GPCRs, and particularly chemokine receptors, draws high interest. A comprehensive review is provided for monoclonal antibodies, antibody fragments, and variants directed at CXCR4 and ACKR3. Their advantageous functional properties, versatile applications as research tools, and use in the clinic are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir Bobkov
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Amsterdam Institute for Molecules Medicines and Systems, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (V.B., M.A., A.Z., T.W.M.D.G., M.J.S.); and argenx BVBA, Zwijnaarde, Belgium (V.B., B.W., H.H.)
| | - Marta Arimont
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Amsterdam Institute for Molecules Medicines and Systems, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (V.B., M.A., A.Z., T.W.M.D.G., M.J.S.); and argenx BVBA, Zwijnaarde, Belgium (V.B., B.W., H.H.)
| | - Aurélien Zarca
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Amsterdam Institute for Molecules Medicines and Systems, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (V.B., M.A., A.Z., T.W.M.D.G., M.J.S.); and argenx BVBA, Zwijnaarde, Belgium (V.B., B.W., H.H.)
| | - Timo W M De Groof
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Amsterdam Institute for Molecules Medicines and Systems, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (V.B., M.A., A.Z., T.W.M.D.G., M.J.S.); and argenx BVBA, Zwijnaarde, Belgium (V.B., B.W., H.H.)
| | - Bas van der Woning
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Amsterdam Institute for Molecules Medicines and Systems, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (V.B., M.A., A.Z., T.W.M.D.G., M.J.S.); and argenx BVBA, Zwijnaarde, Belgium (V.B., B.W., H.H.)
| | - Hans de Haard
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Amsterdam Institute for Molecules Medicines and Systems, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (V.B., M.A., A.Z., T.W.M.D.G., M.J.S.); and argenx BVBA, Zwijnaarde, Belgium (V.B., B.W., H.H.)
| | - Martine J Smit
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Amsterdam Institute for Molecules Medicines and Systems, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (V.B., M.A., A.Z., T.W.M.D.G., M.J.S.); and argenx BVBA, Zwijnaarde, Belgium (V.B., B.W., H.H.)
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Moskal JR, Burgdorf JS, Stanton PK, Kroes RA, Disterhoft JF, Burch RM, Khan MA. The Development of Rapastinel (Formerly GLYX-13); A Rapid Acting and Long Lasting Antidepressant. Curr Neuropharmacol 2017; 15:47-56. [PMID: 26997507 PMCID: PMC5327451 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x14666160321122703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2015] [Revised: 09/14/2015] [Accepted: 01/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Rapastinel (GLYX-13) is a NMDA receptor modulator with glycine-site partial agonist properties. It is a robust cognitive enhancer and shows rapid and long-lasting antidepressant properties in both animal models and in humans. Methods Rapastinel was derived from a monoclonal antibody, B6B21, is a tetrapeptide (threonine-proline-proline-threonine-amide) obtained from amino acid sequence information obtained from sequencing one of the hypervariable regions of the light chain of B6B21. The in-vivo and in-vitro pharmacology of rapastinel was examined. Results Rapastinel was found to be a robust cognitive enhancer in a variety of learning and memory paradigms and shows marked antidepressant-like properties in multiple models including the forced swim (Porsolt), learned helplessness and chronic unpredictable stress. Rapastinel’s rapid-acting antidepressant properties appear to be mediated by its ability to activate NMDA receptors leading to enhancement in synaptic plasticity processes associated with learning and memory. This is further substantiated by the increase in mature dendritic spines found 24 hrs after rapastinel treatment in both the rat dentate gyrus and layer five of the medial prefrontal cortex. Moreover, ex vivo LTP studies showed that the effects of rapastinel persisted at least two weeks post-dosing. Conclusion These data suggest that rapastinel has significant effects on metaplasticity processes that may help explain the long lasting antidepressant effects of rapastinel seen in the human clinical trial results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph R Moskal
- Falk Center for Molecular Therapeutics, Northwestern University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, 1801 Maple Ave., Suite 4300, Evanston, IL, 60201, USA
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Harwood SJ, Abdel-Nabi H. The Use of Monoclonal Antibodies for Radioscintigraphic Detection of Cancer. J Pharm Pract 2016. [DOI: 10.1177/089719009400700305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Beginning with Ehrlich's original “magic bullet” concept of 1904, the pioneering human trials in the late 1970s of Goldenberg and Mach using polyclonal antibodies, and the Nobel Prize-winning work of Kohler and Milstein in 1975 for developing monoclonal antibody (MAb) technology, there has been much interest in the use of antibodies for detecting and treating cancer. Although not the revolutionary breakthrough that was initially hoped for, marked progress has been made. The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has recently approved the intact murine IgG, 111-indium CYT-103 (satumomoab, Oncoscint™ Cytogen, Princeton, NJ) for clinical use in detecting colorectal and ovarian cancer. However, the agent has been approved for only a single, one-time use, because patients developed an immune response (human anti-mouse antibody, or HAMA) that alters MAb biodistribution and may limit the clinical effectiveness of this agent when repeat studies are performed. Other MAbs reacting with a variety of antigens and targeting numerous tumors, including breast, lung, prostate, and melanomas, are currently undergoing large-scale clinical trials. To reduce induction of immune responses, many of the agents use immunoglobulin fragments [Fab, or F(ab)2] labeled with the short-lived isotope 99m-technetium used for most routine nuclear medicine diagnostic testing. Future developments will use even smaller fragments such as single chain antibodies or custom synthesized molecular recognition units (small peptides containing only the specific antigen combining site). Presented herein is an overview of the past results and an assessment of the current status of radioimmunoscintigraphy for various neoplasms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven J. Harwood
- Nuclear Medicine Service, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Bay Pines, FL, and the Department of Nuclear Medicine, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Buffalo-State University of New York, Buffalo
| | - Hani Abdel-Nabi
- Nuclear Medicine Service, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Bay Pines, FL, and the Department of Nuclear Medicine, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Buffalo-State University of New York, Buffalo
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Le Douaron G, Schmidt F, Amar M, Kadar H, Debortoli L, Latini A, Séon-Méniel B, Ferrié L, Michel PP, Touboul D, Brunelle A, Raisman-Vozari R, Figadère B. Neuroprotective effects of a brain permeant 6-aminoquinoxaline derivative in cell culture conditions that model the loss of dopaminergic neurons in Parkinson disease. Eur J Med Chem 2015; 89:467-79. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2014.10.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2014] [Revised: 10/22/2014] [Accepted: 10/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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Shen J, Yu Q. Gambogic amide selectively upregulates TrkA expression and triggers its activation. Pharmacol Rep 2014; 67:217-23. [PMID: 25712642 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharep.2014.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2014] [Revised: 08/30/2014] [Accepted: 09/08/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gambogic amide is the first identified small molecular agonist for TrkA receptor. It mimics NGF functions by selectively activating TrkA receptor and preventing neuron death. However, its function different from that of NGF remains unknown. METHODS In the current study, we detect the effect of gambogic amide on TrkA expression using TrkA-expressing cell lines in vitro and hippocampi from mice treated with gambogic amide. RESULTS We have confirmed that gambogic amide displays robust neurotrophic activities in provoking neurite outgrowth in vitro. However, gambiogic amide displays a different kinetics from NGF in activating TrkA signals. NGF swiftly provokes TrkA activation and quickly induces TrkA degradation, while gambogic amid selectively upregulates TrkA protein and mRNA levels in a time-dependent manner. Administration of this compound in mice also activates TrkA receptor in hippocampus and promotes TrkA transcription and expression. CONCLUSION This study provides a novel mechanism of how gambogic amide regulates TrkA receptor, other than mimicking NGF in triggering TrkA activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianying Shen
- Artemisinin Research Center, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qingsheng Yu
- Center for Osteonecrosis and Joint Preserving and Reconstruction, Department of Orthopedics, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China.
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Chen S, Bertoldo D, Angelini A, Pojer F, Heinis C. Peptide Ligands Stabilized by Small Molecules. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201309459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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12
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Chen S, Bertoldo D, Angelini A, Pojer F, Heinis C. Peptide Ligands Stabilized by Small Molecules. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014; 53:1602-6. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201309459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Sela-Culang I, Kunik V, Ofran Y. The structural basis of antibody-antigen recognition. Front Immunol 2013; 4:302. [PMID: 24115948 PMCID: PMC3792396 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2013.00302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 308] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2013] [Accepted: 09/12/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The function of antibodies (Abs) involves specific binding to antigens (Ags) and activation of other components of the immune system to fight pathogens. The six hypervariable loops within the variable domains of Abs, commonly termed complementarity determining regions (CDRs), are widely assumed to be responsible for Ag recognition, while the constant domains are believed to mediate effector activation. Recent studies and analyses of the growing number of available Ab structures, indicate that this clear functional separation between the two regions may be an oversimplification. Some positions within the CDRs have been shown to never participate in Ag binding and some off-CDRs residues often contribute critically to the interaction with the Ag. Moreover, there is now growing evidence for non-local and even allosteric effects in Ab-Ag interaction in which Ag binding affects the constant region and vice versa. This review summarizes and discusses the structural basis of Ag recognition, elaborating on the contribution of different structural determinants of the Ab to Ag binding and recognition. We discuss the CDRs, the different approaches for their identification and their relationship to the Ag interface. We also review what is currently known about the contribution of non-CDRs regions to Ag recognition, namely the framework regions (FRs) and the constant domains. The suggested mechanisms by which these regions contribute to Ag binding are discussed. On the Ag side of the interaction, we discuss attempts to predict B-cell epitopes and the suggested idea to incorporate Ab information into B-cell epitope prediction schemes. Beyond improving the understanding of immunity, characterization of the functional role of different parts of the Ab molecule may help in Ab engineering, design of CDR-derived peptides, and epitope prediction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inbal Sela-Culang
- The Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar Ilan University , Ramat Gan , Israel
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Burkovitz A, Leiderman O, Sela-Culang I, Byk G, Ofran Y. Computational Identification of Antigen-Binding Antibody Fragments. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2013; 190:2327-34. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1200757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Ayub MJ, Nyambega B, Simonetti L, Duffy T, Longhi SA, Gómez KA, Hoebeke J, Levin MJ, Smulski CR. Selective blockade of trypanosomatid protein synthesis by a recombinant antibody anti-Trypanosoma cruzi P2β protein. PLoS One 2012; 7:e36233. [PMID: 22570698 PMCID: PMC3343115 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0036233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2011] [Accepted: 03/28/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The ribosomal P proteins are located on the stalk of the ribosomal large subunit and play a critical role during the elongation step of protein synthesis. The single chain recombinant antibody C5 (scFv C5) directed against the C-terminal region of the Trypanosoma cruzi P2β protein (TcP2β) recognizes the conserved C-terminal end of all T. cruzi ribosomal P proteins. Although this region is highly conserved among different species, surface plasmon resonance analysis showed that the scFv C5 possesses very low affinity for the corresponding mammalian epitope, despite having only one single amino-acid change. Crystallographic analysis, in silico modelization and NMR assays support the analysis, increasing our understanding on the structural basis of epitope specificity. In vitro protein synthesis experiments showed that scFv C5 was able to specifically block translation by T. cruzi and Crithidia fasciculata ribosomes, but virtually had no effect on Rattus norvegicus ribosomes. Therefore, we used the scFv C5 coding sequence to make inducible intrabodies in Trypanosoma brucei. Transgenic parasites showed a strong decrease in their growth rate after induction. These results strengthen the importance of the P protein C terminal regions for ribosomal translation activity and suggest that trypanosomatid ribosomal P proteins could be a possible target for selective therapeutic agents that could be derived from structural analysis of the scFv C5 antibody paratope.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maximiliano Juri Ayub
- Laboratorio de Biología Molecular de la Enfermedad de Chagas, Instituto de Investigaciones en Ingeniería Genética y Biología Molecular, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Murali R, Greene MI. Structure based antibody-like peptidomimetics. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2012; 5:209-35. [PMID: 24288089 PMCID: PMC3763629 DOI: 10.3390/ph5020209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2011] [Revised: 01/17/2012] [Accepted: 01/19/2012] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Biologics such as monoclonal antibodies (mAb) and soluble receptors represent new classes of therapeutic agents for treatment of several diseases. High affinity and high specificity biologics can be utilized for variety of clinical purposes. Monoclonal antibodies have been used as diagnostic agents when coupled with radionuclide, immune modulatory agents or in the treatment of cancers. Among other limitations of using large molecules for therapy the actual cost of biologics has become an issue. There is an effort among chemists and biologists to reduce the size of biologics which includes monoclonal antibodies and receptors without a reduction of biological efficacy. Single chain antibody, camel antibodies, Fv fragments are examples of this type of deconstructive process. Small high-affinity peptides have been identified using phage screening. Our laboratory used a structure-based approach to develop small-size peptidomimetics from the three-dimensional structure of proteins with immunoglobulin folds as exemplified by CD4 and antibodies. Peptides derived either from the receptor or their cognate ligand mimics the functions of the parental macromolecule. These constrained peptides not only provide a platform for developing small molecule drugs, but also provide insight into the atomic features of protein-protein interactions. A general overview of the reduction of monoclonal antibodies to small exocyclic peptide and its prospects as a useful diagnostic and as a drug in the treatment of cancer are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramachandran Murali
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, D5091 Davis Building, 8700 Beverly Blvd., Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Mark I. Greene
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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Kabir ME, Karim N, Krishnaswamy S, Selvakumar D, Miyamoto M, Furuichi Y, Komiyama T. Peptide derived from anti-idiotypic single-chain antibody is a potent antifungal agent compared to its parent fungicide HM-1 killer toxin peptide. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2011; 92:1151-60. [PMID: 21691785 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-011-3412-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2011] [Revised: 05/22/2011] [Accepted: 05/23/2011] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Based on anti-idiotypic network theory in light of the need for new antifungal drugs, we attempted to identify biologically active fragments from HM-1 yeast killer toxin and its anti-idiotypic antibody and to compare their potency as an antifungal agent. Thirteen overlapping peptides from HM-1 killer toxin and six peptides from its anti-idiotypic single-chain variable fragment (scFv) antibodies representing the complementarity determining regions were synthesized. The binding affinities of these peptides were investigated and measured by Dot blot and surface plasmon resonance analysis and finally their antifungal activities were investigated by inhibition of growth, colony forming unit assay. Peptide P6, containing the potential active site of HM-1 was highly capable of inhibiting the growth of Saccharomyces cerevisiae but was less effective on pathogenic fungi. However, peptide fragments derived from scFv antibody exerted remarkable inhibitory effect on the growth of pathogenic strains of Candida and Cryptococcus species in vitro. One scFv-derived decapeptide (SP6) was selected as the strongest killer peptide for its high binding affinity and antifungal abilities on both Candida and Cryptococcus species with IC(50) values from 2.33 × 10(-7) M to 36.0 × 10(-7) M. SP6 peptide activity was neutralized by laminarin, a β-1,3-glucan molecule, indicating this peptide derived from scFv anti-idiotypic antibody retains antifungal activity through interaction with cell wall β-glucan of their target fungal cells. Experimental evidence strongly suggested the possibility of development of anti-idiotypic scFv peptide-based antifungal agents which may lead to improve therapeutics for the management of varieties of fungal infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Enamul Kabir
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Niigata University of Pharmacy and Applied Life Sciences, Japan
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Cai Z, Zhang H, Liu J, Berezov A, Murali R, Wang Q, Greene MI. Targeting erbB receptors. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2010; 21:961-6. [PMID: 20850557 PMCID: PMC5940346 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2010.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2010] [Accepted: 09/09/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Our work is concerned with the origins and therapy of human cancers. Members of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) family of tyrosine kinases, also known as erbB or HER receptors, are over expressed and/or activated in many types of human tumors and represent important therapeutic targets in cancer therapy. Studies from our laboratory identified targeted therapy as a way to treat cancer. Rational therapeutics targeting and disabling erbB receptors have been developed to reverse the malignant properties of tumors. Reversal of the malignant phenotype, best seen with disabling the HER2 receptors using monoclonal antibodies is a distinct process from that seen with blocking of ligand binding to cognate receptors as has been done for EGFr receptors. Here we review the mechanisms of action deduced from a number of approaches developed in our laboratory and elsewhere, including monoclonal antibodies, peptide mimetics, recombinant proteins and small molecules. The biochemical and biological principles which have been uncovered during these studies of disabling HER2 homomeric or HER2-EGFr heteromeric receptors will help the development of novel and more efficient therapeutics targeting erbB family receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Cai
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6082, USA
| | - Hongtao Zhang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6082, USA
| | - Jing Liu
- School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui 230027, China
| | - Alan Berezov
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, S122A Steven Spielberg Building, 8725 Alden Dr., Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Ramachandran Murali
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 8700 Beverly Boulevard, Davis Building, # 4092, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Qiang Wang
- Women’s Cancer Research Institute at the Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Mark I. Greene
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6082, USA
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Timmerman P, Shochat SG, Desmet J, Barderas R, Casal JI, Meloen RH, Altschuh D. Binding of CDR-derived peptides is mechanistically different from that of high-affinity parental antibodies. J Mol Recognit 2010; 23:559-68. [DOI: 10.1002/jmr.1017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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21
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Liskamp RMJ. Conformationally restricted amino acids and dipeptides, (non)peptidomimetics and secondary structure mimetics. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/recl.19941130102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 153] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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22
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Palomo C, Oiarbide M. β-Lactam Ring Opening: A Useful Entry to Amino Acids and Relevant Nitrogen-Containing Compounds. HETEROCYCLIC SCAFFOLDS I 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/7081_2009_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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23
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Jang SW, Liu X, Chan CB, Weinshenker D, Hall RA, Xiao G, Ye K. Amitriptyline is a TrkA and TrkB receptor agonist that promotes TrkA/TrkB heterodimerization and has potent neurotrophic activity. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009; 16:644-56. [PMID: 19549602 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2009.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2008] [Revised: 05/08/2009] [Accepted: 05/12/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Neurotrophins, the cognate ligands for the Trk receptors, are homodimers and induce Trk dimerization through a symmetric bivalent mechanism. We report here that amitriptyline, an antidepressant drug, directly binds TrkA and TrkB and triggers their dimerization and activation. Amitriptyline, but not any other tricyclic or selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor antidepressants, promotes TrkA autophosphorylation in primary neurons and induces neurite outgrowth in PC12 cells. Amitriptyline binds the extracellular domain of both TrkA and TrkB and promotes TrkA-TrkB receptor heterodimerization. Truncation of amitriptyline binding motif on TrkA abrogates the receptor dimerization by amitriptyline. Administration of amitriptyline to mice activates both receptors and significantly reduces kainic acid-triggered neuronal cell death. Inhibition of TrkA, but not TrkB, abolishes amitriptyline's neuroprotective effect without impairing its antidepressant activity. Thus, amitriptyline acts as a TrkA and TrkB agonist and possesses marked neurotrophic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung-Wuk Jang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University, 615 Michael Street, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
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Chemicals possessing a neurotrophin-like activity on dopaminergic neurons in primary culture. PLoS One 2009; 4:e6215. [PMID: 19593444 PMCID: PMC2704893 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0006215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2009] [Accepted: 06/22/2009] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neurotrophic factors have been shown to possess strong neuroprotective and neurorestaurative properties in Parkinson's disease patients. However the issues to control their delivery into the interest areas of the brain and their surgical administration linked to their unability to cross the blood brain barrier are many drawbacks responsible of undesirable side effects limiting their clinical use. A strategy implying the use of neurotrophic small molecules could provide an interesting alternative avoiding neurotrophin administration and side effects. In an attempt to develop drugs mimicking neurotrophic factors, we have designed and synthesized low molecular weight molecules that exhibit neuroprotective and neuritogenic potential for dopaminergic neurons. PRINCIPAL FINDINGS A cell-based screening of an in-house quinoline-derived compound collection led to the characterization of compounds exhibiting both activities in the nanomolar range on mesencephalic dopaminergic neurons in spontaneous or 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP(+))-induced neurodegeneration. This study provides evidence that rescued neurons possess a functional dopamine transporter and underlines the involvement of the extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 signaling pathway in these processes. CONCLUSION Cell-based screening led to the discovery of a potent neurotrophic compound possessing expected physico-chemical properties for blood brain barrier penetration as a serious candidate for therapeutic use in Parkinson disease.
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25
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Jang SW, Okada M, Sayeed I, Xiao G, Stein D, Jin P, Ye K. Gambogic amide, a selective agonist for TrkA receptor that possesses robust neurotrophic activity, prevents neuronal cell death. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2007; 104:16329-34. [PMID: 17911251 PMCID: PMC2042206 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0706662104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Nerve growth factor (NGF) binds to TrkA receptor and triggers activation of numerous signaling cascades, which play critical roles in neuronal plasticity, survival, and neurite outgrowth. To mimic NGF functions pharmacologically, we developed a high-throughput screening assay to identify small-molecule agonists for TrkA receptor. The most potent compound, gambogic amide, selectively binds to TrkA, but not TrkB or TrkC, and robustly induces its tyrosine phosphorylation and downstream signaling activation, including Akt and MAPKs. Further, it strongly prevents glutamate-induced neuronal cell death and provokes prominent neurite outgrowth in PC12 cells. Gambogic amide specifically interacts with the cytoplasmic juxtamembrane domain of TrkA receptor and triggers its dimerization. Administration of this molecule in mice substantially diminishes kainic acid-triggered neuronal cell death and decreases infarct volume in the transient middle cerebral artery occlusion model of stroke. Thus, gambogic amide might not only establish a powerful platform for dissection of the physiological roles of NGF and TrkA receptor but also provide effective treatments for neurodegenerative diseases and stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Ge Xiao
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Inorganic Toxicology Laboratory, 4770 Buford Highway, Mail Stop F-18, Atlanta, GA 30341
| | | | - Peng Jin
- Human Genetics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322; and
| | - Keqiang Ye
- Departments of *Pathology and Laboratory Medicine
- To whom all correspondence should be addressed. E-mail:
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26
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Yin H, Hamilton AD. Strategies for targeting protein-protein interactions with synthetic agents. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2006; 44:4130-63. [PMID: 15954154 DOI: 10.1002/anie.200461786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 375] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The development of small-molecule modulators of protein-protein interactions is a formidable goal, albeit one that possesses significant potential for the discovery of novel therapeutics. Despite the daunting challenges, a variety of examples exists for the inhibition of two large protein partners with low-molecular-weight ligands. This review discusses the strategies for targeting protein-protein interactions and the state of the art in the rational design of molecules that mimic the structures and functions of their natural targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hang Yin
- Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
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27
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Guillemard V, Nedev HN, Berezov A, Murali R, Saragovi HU. HER2-mediated internalization of a targeted prodrug cytotoxic conjugate is dependent on the valency of the targeting ligand. DNA Cell Biol 2005; 24:350-8. [PMID: 15941387 DOI: 10.1089/dna.2005.24.351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
HER2 is a validated therapeutic target for cancer. There are no natural ligands, but monoclonal antibodies and peptides that bind HER2 act as artificial ligands, selectively affecting HER2-overexpressing tumors. One reported mechanism for this effect is receptor downregulation, but the expected correlation of ligand-dependent HER2 internalization and tumor inhibition remain poorly characterized. Moreover, HER2 ligands have limited therapeutic efficacy and often they require adjuvant treatment with the chemotherapeutic Taxol. Here, we generated a series of HER2 ligands (Anti-HER2/neu peptide ligands, AHNPmonovalent and AHNPbivalent) with different valency and correlated their internalization-promoting ability to biological potency. Since AHNPbivalent (but not AHNPmonovalent) induces rapid receptor internalization, we exploited this feature to deliver cytotoxic conjugates coupling AHNPbivalent and Taxol (Taxol . AHNPbivalent). The prodrug conjugate releases Taxol after receptor-mediated internalization, and cytotoxicity can be used as a marker of internalization. Taxol . AHNPbivalent is significantly more cytotoxic than free Taxol + free AHNPbivalent. Hence, the Taxol x AHNP(bivalent) prodrug binds to HER2, induces receptor internalization and downregulation, and the subsequent release of free Taxol inside the targeted cell results in synergistic toxicity, The effect is selective towards HER2- expressing cells. This work links HER2 receptor internalization and growth arrest, and the chemical conjugation strategy may yield improved and HER2 selective therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronique Guillemard
- McGill University, Pharmacology and Therapeutics and Oncology/Cancer Center, Lady Davis Research Institute-Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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28
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Yin H, Hamilton AD. Strategien zur Modulation von Protein-Protein-Wechselwirkungen mit synthetischen Substanzen. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2005. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200461786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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29
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Feng J, Li Y, Zhang W, Shen B. Rational design of potent mimic peptide derived from monoclonal antibody: antibody mimic design. Immunol Lett 2005; 98:311-6. [PMID: 15860233 DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2004.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2004] [Revised: 12/04/2004] [Accepted: 12/10/2004] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The variable regions of antibody molecules bind antigens with high affinity and specificity. The binding sites are imparted largely to the hypervariable portions (i.e. CDRs) of the variable region. Peptides derived from antibody CDRs can bind antigen with similar specificity acted as mimic of antibody and become drug-designing core, although with markedly lower affinity. In this study, the 3D complex structure of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNFalpha) and its neutralizing monoclonal antibody Z12 was modeled using molecular docking method and optimized with molecular mechanism and dynamics method. The binding domains between TNFalpha and Z12 were determined theoretically and functional antigen epitopes were predicted. According to the 3D complex structure of TNFalpha and Z12, a novel antagonist peptide, named PT1, was designed theoretically. The experimental result showed that PT1 possessed significantly binding inhibition of TNFalpha to Z12 and protected L929 cells from the cytotoxic effect of TNFalpha. The designed mimic peptide was more amenable to synthetic chemistry and thus might be useful starting points for the design of smaller organic mimics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiannan Feng
- Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, P.O. Box 130 (3), Beijing 100850, PR China
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30
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Abstract
Insight into the molecular mechanisms of malignant transformation is changing the way cancer is being treated. Conventional treatment strategies target the DNA of all dividing cells, resulting in a significantly increased risk of collateral toxicity. In addition, the accumulation of multiple mutations leads to drug resistance in many cancer cells. Targeted strategies have now been developed that specifically disrupt oncogenically active cell surface receptors and endogenous signaling molecules. These agents have a much greater selectivity for tumor tissue and decreased risk of side effects. Increased signaling through ErbB receptors via gene amplification, overexpression, and mutation has been implicated in many human cancers and associated with poor prognosis. Interruption of this process has been shown to cause antitumor effects. Downregulation of the ErbB receptors, HER-2/neu, and later EGFR, with monoclonal antibodies was the first demonstration of targeted therapy. Subsequently, the ErbB tyrosine kinase domain has been successfully targeted with small molecule inhibitors. The development of novel ErbB-directed entities is ongoing, with particular promise being shown by strategies targeting receptor interaction in oligomeric complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Richter
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6082, USA
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31
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Saragovi HU, Burgess K. Small molecule and protein-based neurotrophic ligands: agonists and antagonists as therapeutic agents. Expert Opin Ther Pat 2005. [DOI: 10.1517/13543776.9.6.737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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32
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Chapter 1 The total synthesis of luzopeptins. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/s1874-6004(05)80024-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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33
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Vidya R, Eggen M, Nair SK, Georg GI, Himes RH. Synthesis of Cryptophycins via an N-Acyl-β-lactam Macrolactonization. J Org Chem 2003; 68:9687-93. [PMID: 14656095 DOI: 10.1021/jo0302197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
An efficient and concise approach to the synthesis of the macrolide core of the cryptophycins has been developed. A novel macrolactonization utilizing a reactive acyl-beta-lactam intermediate incorporates the beta-amino acid moiety within the 16-membered macrolide core. This modular approach, involving a cyanide-initiated acyl-beta-lactam ring opening followed by cyclization, was successfully applied to the total synthesis of cryptophycin-24. The strategy was also used in an efficient synthesis of the 6,6-dimethyl-substituted dechlorocryptophycin-52. In this case, the cyanide-initiated ring opening of the bis-substituted 2-azetidinone followed by macrolactonization was achieved through a catalytic process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramdas Vidya
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, USA
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34
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Schlosser G, Mezo G, Kiss R, Vass E, Majer Z, Feijlbrief M, Perczel A, Bosze S, Welling-Wester S, Hudecz F. Synthesis, solution structure analysis and antibody binding of cyclic epitope peptides from glycoprotein D of Herpes simplex virus type I. Biophys Chem 2003; 106:155-71. [PMID: 14556904 DOI: 10.1016/s0301-4622(03)00187-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Two cyclic peptides with a thioether bond have been synthesised corresponding to the 9-22 (9LKMADPNRFRGKDL(22)) sequence of glycoprotein D (gD-1) of Herpes simplex virus. The role of the secondary structure in protein-specific monoclonal antibody recognition was investigated. The sequence selected for this study comprises a strongly antigenic site adopting a beta-turn at residues 14Pro-(15)Asn. Thioether bond was formed between the free thiol group of cysteine or homocysteine inserted in position 11 and the chloroacetylated side chain of lysine in position 18. We report here the preparation of cyclic peptides containing Cys or Hcy in position 11, differing only in one methylene group. The linear precursor peptides were synthesised by Boc/Bzl strategy on MBHA resin, and the cyclisation was carried out in alkaline solution. The secondary structure of the peptides was studied by CD, FT-IR and NMR spectroscopy. The CD and FT-IR data have revealed fundamental changes in the solution conformation of the two compounds. The CH(2) group difference significantly resulted in the altered turn structure at the 12Ala and 13Asp as identified by NMR spectroscopy. The antibody binding properties of the cyclopeptides studied by gD-specific monoclonal antibody (A16) in direct and competition enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) were also not the same. We found that peptide LK[HcyADPNRFK]GKDL exhibited higher affinity to Mab A16 than peptide LK[CADPNRFK]GKDL, however, their reactivity was significantly lower compared to the linear ones. Our results clearly show the importance of secondary structure in an antibody binding and demonstrate that even a slight modification of the primary structure dramatically could influence the immune recognition of the synthetic antigens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gitta Schlosser
- Research Group of Peptide Chemistry, Eötvös L. University, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, PO Box 32, Budapest 112, H-1518, Hungary
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Li S, Uri Saragovi H, Racine RJ, Fahnestock M. A ligand of the p65/p95 receptor suppresses perforant path kindling, kindling-induced mossy fiber sprouting, and hilar area changes in adult rats. Neuroscience 2003; 119:1147-56. [PMID: 12831869 DOI: 10.1016/s0306-4522(03)00239-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Kindling, an animal model of epilepsy, results in an increased volume of the hilus of the dentate gyrus and sprouting of the mossy fiber pathway in the hippocampus. Our previous studies have revealed that chronic infusion of neurotrophins can regulate not only seizure development, but also these kindling-induced structural changes. Kindling, in turn, can alter the expression of neurotrophins and their receptors. We previously showed that intraventricular administration of a synthetic peptide that interferes with nerve growth factor stability and thus its binding to TrkA and p75(NTR) receptors suppressed kindling and sprouting. However, the precise involvement of TrkA, p75(NTR), and downstream signaling effectors of neurotrophins on kindling, sprouting and hilar changes are unknown. One of these downstream effectors is Ras. In the present study, we find that intraventricular infusion of the synthetic peptide Reo3Y, which binds to p65/p95 receptors and causes a rapid inactivation of Ras protein, impairs development of perforant path kindling, reduces the growth in afterdischarge duration, blocks kindling-induced mossy fiber sprouting in area CA3 of hippocampus and in inner molecular layer of the dentate gyrus, and prevents kindling-induced increases in hilar area. These results are consistent with a mediation of neurotrophin effects on kindling, hilar area, and axonal sprouting via Trk receptors, and suggest important roles for Ras in kindling and in kindling-induced structural changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Li
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, McMaster University, 1200 Main Street West, ON, L8N 3Z5, Hamilton, Canada
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36
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Wijkhuisen A, Tymciu S, Fischer J, Alexandrenne C, Créminon C, Frobert Y, Grassi J, Boquet D, Conrath M, Couraud JY. Pharmacological properties of peptides derived from an antibody against the tachykinin NK1 receptor for the neuropeptide substance P. Eur J Pharmacol 2003; 468:175-82. [PMID: 12754055 DOI: 10.1016/s0014-2999(03)01717-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Two peptides were derived from the structural analysis of a previously described monoclonal antibody [Mol. Immunol. 37 (2000) 423] against the tachykinin NK(1) receptor for the neuropeptide substance P. Here we show that these two peptides were able to inhibit the inositol phosphate transduction pathway triggered both by substance P and neurokinin A, another high-affinity endogenous ligand for the tachykinin NK(1) receptor. They also reduced the cAMP production induced by substance P. By contrast, only one antagonist peptide was able to prevent substance P and neurokinin A from binding the receptor, as revealed both by biochemical and autoradiographic studies. First, these results illustrate the generality of the antibody-based strategy for developing new bioactive peptides. Second, they indicate that antagonists, even exhibiting very close amino acid composition, can interact with the tachykinin NK(1) receptor at different contact sites, some of them clearly distinct from the contact domains for endogenous agonists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Wijkhuisen
- CEA, Service de Pharmacologie et d'Immunologie, DSV/DRM, Bât. 136, Centre d'Etudes de Saclay, 91191 Cedex, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
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37
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Tsumoto K, Misawa S, Ohba Y, Ueno T, Hayashi H, Kasai N, Watanabe H, Asano R, Kumagai I. Inhibition of hepatitis C virus NS3 protease by peptides derived from complementarity-determining regions (CDRs) of the monoclonal antibody 8D4: tolerance of a CDR peptide to conformational changes of a target. FEBS Lett 2002; 525:77-82. [PMID: 12163165 DOI: 10.1016/s0014-5793(02)03090-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
We have synthesized and characterized peptides derived from complementarity-determining regions (CDRs) of 8D4, a mouse monoclonal antibody against NS3 protease domain of hepatitis C virus. 8D4 inhibits enzymatic activity without its cofactor, NS4A peptide. One of the synthetic peptides derived from CDRs, CDR1 of the heavy-chain (CDR-H1) peptide strongly inhibited NS3 protease activity competitively in the absence of NS4A and non-competitively in the presence of NS4A. Moreover, cyclic CDR-H1 peptides bridged by disulfide inhibited NS3 protease more potently. The chain length of the CDR-H1 peptide is critical for strong inhibition, even when the peptide is circularized. This finding suggests the importance of peptide conformation. In contrast to a cognate antibody molecule, CDR-derived peptides may provide good ligands for target molecules by having a tolerance to conformational changes of the targets caused by cofactor binding or mutation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kouhei Tsumoto
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, 980-8579, Sendai, Japan.
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38
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Berezov A, Zhang HT, Greene MI, Murali R. Disabling erbB receptors with rationally designed exocyclic mimetics of antibodies: structure-function analysis. J Med Chem 2001; 44:2565-74. [PMID: 11472210 DOI: 10.1021/jm000527m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Overexpression of the HER2 receptor is observed in about 30% of breast and ovarian cancers and is often associated with an unfavorable prognosis. We have recently designed an anti-HER2 peptide (AHNP) based on the structure of the CDR-H3 loop of the anti-HER2 rhumAb 4D5 and showed that this peptide can mimic some functions of rhumAb 4D5. The peptide disabled HER2 tyrosine kinases in vitro and in vivo similar to the monoclonal antibody (Park, B.-W. et al. Nat. Biotechnol. 2000, 18, 194--198). AHNP has been shown to selectively bind to the extracellular domain of the HER2 receptor with a submicromolar affinity in Biacore assays. In the present paper, we demonstrate that in addition to being a structural and functional mimic of rhumAb 4D5, AHNP can also effectively compete with the antibody for binding to the HER2 receptor indicating a similar binding site for the peptide and the parental antibody. To further develop AHNP as an antitumor agent useful for preclinical trials and as a radiopharmaceutical to be used for tumor imaging, a number of derivatives of AHNP have been designed. Structure--function relationships have been studied using surface plasmon resonance technology. Some of the AHNP analogues have improved binding properties, solubility, and cytotoxic activity relative to AHNP. Residues in the exocyclic region of AHNP appear to be essential for high-affinity binding. Kinetic and equilibrium analysis of peptide-receptor binding for various AHNP analogues revealed a strong correlation between peptide binding characteristics and their biological activity. For AHNP analogues, dissociation rate constants have been shown to be better indicators of peptide biological activity than receptor-binding affinities. This study demonstrates a possibility of mimicking the well-documented antibody effects and its applications in tumor therapy by much smaller antibody-based cyclic peptides with potentially significant therapeutic advantages. Strategies used to improve binding properties of rationally designed AHNP analogues are discussed.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/chemistry
- Antineoplastic Agents/chemical synthesis
- Antineoplastic Agents/chemistry
- Antineoplastic Agents/metabolism
- Antineoplastic Agents/pharmacology
- Binding, Competitive
- Cell Division/drug effects
- Drug Design
- Kinetics
- Mice
- Models, Molecular
- Molecular Mimicry
- Oligopeptides/chemical synthesis
- Oligopeptides/chemistry
- Oligopeptides/metabolism
- Oligopeptides/pharmacology
- Peptides, Cyclic/chemical synthesis
- Peptides, Cyclic/chemistry
- Peptides, Cyclic/metabolism
- Peptides, Cyclic/pharmacology
- Radiopharmaceuticals/chemical synthesis
- Radiopharmaceuticals/chemistry
- Receptor, ErbB-2/drug effects
- Receptor, ErbB-2/metabolism
- Solubility
- Structure-Activity Relationship
- Surface Plasmon Resonance
- Tumor Cells, Cultured
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Affiliation(s)
- A Berezov
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, 36th and Hamilton Walk, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
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39
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Park C, Burgess K. Facile macrocyclizations to beta-turn mimics with diverse structural, physical, and conformational properties. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2001; 3:257-66. [PMID: 11350249 DOI: 10.1021/cc010003n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
On-resin S(N)Ar reactions were performed to prepare the macrocyclic beta-turn mimics 1a-n (Scheme 1 and Table 1). These reactions occurred more efficiently than completely analogous macrocyclization reactions that do not involve an iodinated aromatic electrophile. The synthesis was also modified to allow introduction of an alkyne via a solid-phase Sonogashira reaction (giving compound 2, Scheme 2) and an aryne via a solid-phase Suzuki reaction (giving compound 3, Scheme 2). Conformational analyses of three illustrative compounds, i.e., 1i, 2, and 3, were performed using a combination of NMR, circular dichroism, and computer-aided molecular simulation methods. Overall, the preferred conformations of all three molecules tended to be type-I-like beta-turns, but for compound 3 interaction of the electron cloud of the aryl substituent with the oxygen lone pairs seems to cause differences in the preferred orientation of the turn frameworks. This study illustrates how iodinated electrophiles can be used in solid-phase S(N)Ar reactions to increase the molecular and conformational diversity in a library.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Park
- Texas A&M University, Chemistry Department, P.O. Box 30012, College Station, Texas 77842, USA
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40
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Burgess K, Han I, Zhang A, Zheng WH, Shanmugam K, Featherstone MS, Saragovi HU. DiSSiMiL: Diverse Small Size Mini-Libraries applied to simple and rapid epitope mapping of a monoclonal antibody. THE JOURNAL OF PEPTIDE RESEARCH : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN PEPTIDE SOCIETY 2001; 57:68-76. [PMID: 11168890 DOI: 10.1034/j.1399-3011.2001.00786.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Methods for screening protein-protein interactions are useful in protein science and for the generation of drug leads. We set out to develop a simplified assay to rapidly test protein-protein interactions, with a library of 400 pentapeptides comprising the 20 natural amino acids at two variable positions followed by three glycines (NH2-X1X2GGG). The library was used to identify the epitope of monoclonal antibody (mAb) 10D11 directed against the HOXD4 protein. Three pentapeptide 'hits' were selected (VYGGG, PWGGG and WKGGG) from direct binding assays screening for pentapeptide-mAb interactions; and from assays using pentapeptides in solution to competitively block HOXD4-mAb interactions. Alignment of the three 'hit' pentapeptides to the HOXD4 sequence predicts the mAb 10D11 epitope as NH2-VYPWMK. Synthesis of NH2-VYPWMK hexapeptide confirmed this prediction; and an alanine scan of HOXD4 ablated binding by mAb 10D11 when amino acids in the putative epitope were mutated. We propose that these simplified but diverse libraries can be used for rapid epitope mapping of some mAbs, and for generating lead small peptide analogs that interfere with receptor-ligand or other protein-protein interactions, or with enzymatic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Burgess
- Department Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, USA
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41
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Taheri M, Saragovi U, Fuks A, Makkerh J, Mort J, Stanners CP. Self Recognition in the Ig Superfamily. J Biol Chem 2000. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(19)61463-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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42
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Abstract
Our studies on glycosphingolipids (GSLs) were initiated through isolation and structural characterization of lacto-series type 1 and 2 GSLs, and globo-series GSLs. Lacto-series structures included histo-blood group ABH and I/i antigens. Our subsequent studies were focused on GSL changes associated with: (i) ontogenic development and differentiation; (ii) oncogenic transformation and tumor progression. Various novel types of GSLs such as extended globo-series, sialyl-Le(x) (SLe(x)), sialyl-dimeric-Le(x) (SLe(x)-Le(x)), dimeric-Le(x) (Le(x)-Le(x)), Le(y)-on-Le(x), dimeric-Le(a) (Le(a)-Le(a)), Le(b)-on-Le(a), etc. were identified as tumor-associated antigens. These studies provide an essential basis for up- or down-regulation of key glycosyltransferase genes controlling development, differentiation, and oncogenesis. GSL structures established in our laboratory are summarized in Table 1, and structural changes of GSLs associated with ontogenesis and oncogenesis are summarized in Sections 2 and 3. Based on these results, we endeavored to find out the cell biological significance of GSL changes, focused on (i) cell adhesion, e.g., the compaction process of preimplantation embryo in which Le(x)-to-Le(x), Gb4-to-GalGb4 or -nLc4 play major roles; and (ii) modulation of signal transduction through interaction of growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase with ganglioside, e.g., EGF receptor tyrosine kinase with GM3. Recent trends of studies on i and ii lead to the concept that GSL clusters (microdomains) are organized with various signal transducer molecules to form 'glycosignaling domains' (GSD). GSL-dependent adhesion occurs through clustered GSLs, and is coupled with activation of signal transducers (cSrc, Src family kinase, Rho A, etc.). Clustered GSLs involved in cell adhesion are recognized by GSLs on counterpart cells (carbohydrate-to-carbohydrate interaction), or by lectins (e.g., siglecs, selectins). Our major effort in utilization of GSLs in medical science has been for: (i) cancer diagnosis and treatment (vaccine development) based on tumor-associated GSLs and glycoepitopes; (ii) genetically defined phenotype for susceptibility to E. coli infection; (iii) clear identification of physiological E-selectin epitope (myeloglycan) expressed on neutrophils and myelocytes; (iv) characterization of sialyl poly-LacNAc epitopes recognized as male-specific antigens. Utilization of these GSLs or glycoepitopes in development of anti-adhesion approach to prevent tumor metastasis, infection, inflammation, or fertilization (i.e., contraceptive) is discussed. For each approach, development of mimetics of key GSLs or glycoepitopes is an important subject of future study.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Hakomori
- Division of Biomembrane Research, Pacific Northwest Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98122, USA.
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43
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Quan C, Skelton NJ, Clark K, Jackson DY, Renz ME, Chiu HH, Keating SM, Beresini MH, Fong S, Artis DR. Transfer of a protein binding epitope to a minimal designed peptide. Biopolymers 2000; 47:265-75. [PMID: 10036968 DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1097-0282(1998)47:4<265::aid-bip2>3.0.co;2-k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Results from protein mutagenesis and x-ray crystallographic studies of the multidomain protein Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule (VCAM) were used to design cyclic octapeptides that retain the critical structural and binding elements of the epitope of VCAM in the interaction with the integrin alpha 4 beta 1 (VLA-4). Changes in the activities of peptide analogues correlated with the relative activities of protein mutants of VCAM, and predicted the properties of two new mutants that bound alpha 4 beta 1 with improved affinity vs wild type protein. The nmr structures of two peptides revealed a high degree of similarity to the structure of the VCAM binding epitope. These results demonstrate that a compact binding epitope identified via protein structure-function studies may be transferred to a synthetically accessible small peptide with the key structure-activity relationships intact.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Quan
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
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44
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Sagot MA, Wijkhuisen A, Créminon C, Tymciu S, Frobert Y, Turbica I, Grassi J, Couraud JY, Boquet D. A monoclonal antibody directed against the neurokinin-1 receptor contains a peptide sequence with similar hydropathy and functional properties to substance P, the natural ligand for the receptor. Mol Immunol 2000; 37:423-33. [PMID: 11090877 DOI: 10.1016/s0161-5890(00)00060-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Monoclonal antibody (mAb) PS12, obtained using the complementary peptide methodology, mimics the neuropeptide substance P (SP) in recognizing the SP-binding domain of the neurokinin-1 receptor (NK1R) and eliciting production of polyclonal antibodies cross-reacting with SP with a high affinity (Déry et al., 1997. J. Neuroimmunol. 76, 1-9). The aim of the present study was to investigate which structural features of mAb PS12 might account for this molecular mimicry. Cloning and sequencing of variable regions of both light (VL) and heavy (VH) chains of this 'SP-like' antibody did not indicate any primary sequence homology between SP and any antibody region. Instead, they revealed a striking similarity between the hydropathic profile of SP and that of an 11-amino-acid region in the light chain encompassing the second complementarity determining region (CDR2). When applied to CHO cells expressing the human NK1R, a synthetic extended 17-amino-acid peptide (denoted CDR2L) corresponding to this VL region inhibited the high-affinity binding of radiolabeled SP and antagonized the SP-induced inositol phosphate production. Moreover, a re-examination of the sequences of several antibodies that previously served in the design of CDR-derived bioactive peptides indicated that these antibodies also carried the hydropathic image of the respective ligands that they mimic. In agreement with previous observations on artificial synthetic peptides, our data thus suggest that the molecular mimicry between natural proteins (i.e. antibody and hormone, for example) could be understood on a structural level directly related, at least in part, to hydropathic homology. These results could then guide the search for bioactive paratope-derived peptides of potential pharmacological interest. We also observed inverse hydropathy between multiple CDRs of mAb PS12 (including CDR3H and CDR3L) and the peptide epitope, confirming the importance of hydropathic complementarity in antigen-antibody interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Sagot
- CEA, Service de Pharmacologie et d'Immunologie, DSV/DRM, Bât. 136, Centre d'Etudes de Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
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45
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Park BW, Zhang HT, Wu C, Berezov A, Zhang X, Dua R, Wang Q, Kao G, O'Rourke DM, Greene MI, Murali R. Rationally designed anti-HER2/neu peptide mimetic disables P185HER2/neu tyrosine kinases in vitro and in vivo. Nat Biotechnol 2000; 18:194-8. [PMID: 10657127 DOI: 10.1038/72651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 157] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Monoclonal antibodies specific for the p185HER2/neu growth factor receptor represent a significant advance in receptor-based therapy for p185HER2/neu-expressing human cancers. We have used a structure-based approach to develop a small (1.5 kDa) exocyclic anti-HER2/neu peptide mimic (AHNP) functionally similar to an anti-p185HER2/neu monoclonal antibody, 4D5 (Herceptin). The AHNP mimetic specifically binds to p185HER2/neu with high affinity (KD=300 nM). This results in inhibition of proliferation of p185HER2/neu-overexpressing tumor cells, and inhibition of colony formation in vitro and growth of p185HER2/neu-expressing tumors in athymic mice. In addition, the mimetic sensitizes the tumor cells to apoptosis when used in conjunction with ionizing radiation or chemotherapeutic agents. A comparison of the molar quantities of the Herceptin antibody and the AHNP mimetic required for inhibiting cell growth and anchorage-independent growth showed generally similar activities. The structure-based derivation of the AHNP represents a novel strategy for the design of receptor-specific tumor therapies.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/chemistry
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/pharmacology
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/therapeutic use
- Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized
- Antineoplastic Agents/chemistry
- Apoptosis
- Astrocytoma
- Biosensing Techniques
- Doxorubicin/therapeutic use
- Drug Design
- Drug Therapy, Combination
- Gamma Rays
- Mice
- Mice, Nude
- Molecular Mimicry
- Protein Binding
- Radiotherapy, Adjuvant
- Receptor, ErbB-2/antagonists & inhibitors
- Trastuzumab
- Tumor Cells, Cultured/drug effects
- Tumor Cells, Cultured/radiation effects
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Affiliation(s)
- B W Park
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Center for Receptor Biology and Cell Growth, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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46
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Deng YJ, Notkins AL. Molecular determinants of polyreactive antibody binding: HCDR3 and cyclic peptides. Clin Exp Immunol 2000; 119:69-76. [PMID: 10606966 PMCID: PMC1905533 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2249.2000.01096.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Human monoclonal antibody 63 (mAb63) is an IgM/lambda polyreactive antibody that binds to multiple self and non-self antigens. The molecular basis of polyreactivity is still unclear. The present study was initiated to prepare a recombinant Fab of mAb63 and use it to study the determinants involved in polyreactivity. The baculovirus system was employed to express large amounts of mAb63 Fab in Sf9 cells. Our experiments showed that infected Sf9 cells secreted a soluble 50-kD Fab heterodimer that bound to multiple self and non-self antigens. The antigen-binding activity of mAb63 Fab was inhibited by both homologous and heterologous antigens. To study in more detail the molecular determinants involved in polyreactivity, the heavy chain complementarity-determining region 3 (HCDR3), which is known to play a key role in the binding of monoreactive antibodies to antigens, was subjected to site-directed mutagenesis. A single substitution, alanine for arginine, at position 100A resulted in complete loss of antigen-binding activity. The 19 amino acids comprising the HCDR3 of mAb63 were then synthesized and a cyclic peptide prepared. The cyclic peptide showed the same antigen-binding pattern as the parental mAb63 and the recombinant mAb63 Fab. A five amino acid motif (RFLEW), present in the HCDR3 of mAb63, was found by searching the GenBank in three of 50 other human polyreactive antibodies, but in none of nearly 2500 human antibodies thought to be monoreactive. It is concluded that HCDR3 plays a major role in polyreactivity and that in some cases cyclic peptides comprising the HCDR3, by themselves, may be polyreactive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y J Deng
- Experimental Medicine Section, Oral Infection and Immunity Branch, National Institute of Dental Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
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47
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Lescar J, Brynda J, Rezacova P, Stouracova R, Riottot MM, Chitarra V, Fabry M, Horejsi M, Sedlacek J, Bentley GA. Inhibition of the HIV-1 and HIV-2 proteases by a monoclonal antibody. Protein Sci 1999; 8:2686-96. [PMID: 10631984 PMCID: PMC2144243 DOI: 10.1110/ps.8.12.2686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The monoclonal antibody 1696, directed against the HIV-1 protease, displays strong inhibitory effects toward the catalytic activity of the enzyme of both the HIV-1 and HIV-2 isolates. This antibody cross-reacts with peptides that include the N-terminus of the enzyme, a region that is well conserved in sequence among different viral strains and which, furthermore, is crucial for homodimerization to the active enzymatic form. This observation, as well as antigen-binding studies in the presence of an active site inhibitor, suggest that 1696 inhibits the HIV protease by destabilizing its active homodimeric form. To characterize further how the antibody 1696 inhibits the HIV-1 and HIV-2 proteases, we have solved the crystal structure of its Fab fragment by molecular replacement and refined it at 3.0 A resolution. The antigen binding site has a deep cavity at its center, which is lined mainly by acidic and hydrophobic residues, and is large enough to accommodate several antigen residues. The structure of the Fab 1696 could form a starting basis for the design of alternative HIV protease-inhibiting molecules of broad specificity.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Lescar
- Unité d'Immunologie Structurale (URA 1961 CNRS), Département d'Immunologie, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
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48
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Martin F, Steinkühler C, Brunetti M, Pessi A, Cortese R, De Francesco R, Sollazzo M. A loop-mimetic inhibitor of the HCV-NS3 protease derived from a minibody. PROTEIN ENGINEERING 1999; 12:1005-11. [PMID: 10585507 DOI: 10.1093/protein/12.11.1005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
We have been interested for some time in establishing a strategy for deriving lead compounds from macromolecule ligands such as minibody variants. A minibody is a minimized antibody variable domain whose two loops are amenable to combinatorial mutagenesis. This approach can be especially useful when dealing with 'difficult' targets. One such target is the NS3 protease of hepatitis C virus (HCV), a human pathogen that is believed to infect about 100 million individuals worldwide and for which an effective therapy is not yet available. Based on known inhibitor specificity (residues P6-P1) of NS3 protease, we screened a number of minibodies from our collection and we were able to identify a competitive inhibitor of this enzyme. We thus validated an aspect of recognition by HCV NS3 protease, namely that an acid anchor is necessary for inhibitor activity. In addition, the characterization of the minibody inhibitor led to the synthesis of a constrained hexapeptide mimicking the bioactive loop of the parent macromolecule. The cyclic peptide is a lead compound prone to rapid optimization through solid phase combinatorial chemistry. We therefore confirmed that the potential of turning a protein ligand into a low molecular weight active compound for lead discovery is achievable and can complement more traditional drug discovery approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Martin
- Istituto di Ricerche di Biologia Molecolare (IRBM) P. Angeletti,Via Pontina Km 30,600-00040, Pomezia (Roma), Italy
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49
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Saragovi HU, Rebai N, Di Guglielmo GM, Macleod R, Sheng J, Rubin DH, Greene MI. A G1 cell cycle arrest induced by ligands of the reovirus type 3 receptor is secondary to inactivation of p21ras and mitogen-activated protein kinase. DNA Cell Biol 1999; 18:763-70. [PMID: 10541435 DOI: 10.1089/104454999314908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The reovirus type 3 S1 gene product (type 3 hemagglutinin; HA3) is the viral protein responsible for binding to a mammalian cell-surface receptor. It has been shown that HA3 binding to its receptor inhibits cell growth, even in the continuous presence of serum mitogens. Here, receptor-mediated signal transduction leading to growth arrest was studied after binding with synthetic or recombinant ligands in the absence of viral infection. Receptor ligation caused rapid inactivation of p21(ras), a decrease in Raf phosphorylation and in mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) enzymatic activity, and G1 cell cycle arrest. Transfection and expression of constitutively active v-Has-ras prevented the G1 arrest, indicating that inactivation of p21(ras) is causative. Interestingly, v-Has-ras expression also decreased the efficiency of reoviridae replication, suggesting that inactivation of p21(ras) signals is required at some step of the viral cycle. This study may define new mechanisms regulating cell growth and support the approach of using viral proteins to identify and study cellular receptors. Synthetic receptor ligands with antiproliferative properties may be useful in drug development with the aim of blocking mitosis.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/immunology
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/pharmacology
- Capsid Proteins
- Cell Cycle Proteins
- Cell Division/drug effects
- Cytopathogenic Effect, Viral
- G1 Phase/drug effects
- Genes, ras
- Growth Inhibitors/chemistry
- Growth Inhibitors/pharmacology
- Guanosine Diphosphate/metabolism
- Guanosine Triphosphate/metabolism
- Humans
- Ligands
- MAP Kinase Signaling System/drug effects
- Mammalian orthoreovirus 3/physiology
- Mice
- Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases/antagonists & inhibitors
- Oncogene Protein p21(ras)/antagonists & inhibitors
- Oncogene Protein p21(ras)/physiology
- Peptides, Cyclic/pharmacology
- Phosphorylation/drug effects
- Protein Processing, Post-Translational/drug effects
- Protein Structure, Tertiary
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-raf/metabolism
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins p21(ras)/antagonists & inhibitors
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins p21(ras)/physiology
- Receptors, Virus/agonists
- Receptors, Virus/physiology
- Recombinant Fusion Proteins/physiology
- Transfection
- Tumor Cells, Cultured
- Viral Proteins/chemistry
- Viral Proteins/immunology
- Viral Proteins/physiology
- Virus Replication/drug effects
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Affiliation(s)
- H U Saragovi
- Department of Pharmacology, McGill Cancer Center, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
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50
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Takahashi M, Ohgitani Y, Ueno A, Mihara H. Design of peptides derived from anti-IgE antibody for allergic treatment. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 1999; 9:2185-8. [PMID: 10465542 DOI: 10.1016/s0960-894x(99)00354-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
We have designed and synthesized peptides derived from an anti-IgE antibody which has a potential for the treatment of allergy. It was indicated that conformational restriction of peptide via an intramolecular disulfide bond improved the binding affinity for IgE and that the peptide might have an ability to inhibit the IgE-receptor interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Takahashi
- Department of Bioengineering, Faculty of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, Japan
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