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Machado MC, da Costa-Neto JM, Portela RD, D'Assis MJMH, Martins-Filho OA, Barrouin-Melo SM, Borges NF, Silva FL, Estrela-Lima A. The effect of naltrexone as a carboplatin chemotherapy-associated drug on the immune response, quality of life and survival of dogs with mammary carcinoma. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0204830. [PMID: 30286124 PMCID: PMC6171873 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0204830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2018] [Accepted: 09/14/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of low-dose naltrexone (LDN) as a carboplatin chemotherapy-associated drug in female dogs with mammary carcinoma in benign mixed tumors (MC-BMT) after mastectomy and to assess its association with quality of life and survival rates. Sixty female dogs were included in this study, all of which had histopathological diagnosis of MC-BMT and were divided into three groups: G1 (control), consisting of animals submitted only to mastectomy with or without regional metastasis; G2, composed of treated animals that did not present with metastasis; and G3, treated dogs that presented with metastasis. G2 and G3 were also subdivided according to the treatment administered: chemotherapy alone (MC-BMT(-) C/MC-BMT(+) C) or LDN and chemotherapy (MC-BMT(-) C+LDN/MC-BMT(+) C+LDN). All animals were subjected to clinical evaluation, mastectomy, peripheral blood lymphocyte immunophenotyping, beta-endorphin and met-enkephalin quantification, and evaluation of survival rates and quality of life scores. The results showed higher serum concentrations of beta-endorphin and met-enkephalin, fewer chemotherapy-related side effects, and better quality of life and survival rates in the LDN-treated groups than in LDN-untreated groups (P < 0.05). Evaluation of clinical and pathological parameters indicated a significant association between the use of LDN and both prolonged survival and enhanced quality of life. These results indicate that LDN is a viable chemotherapy-associated treatment in female dogs with MC-BMT, maintaining their quality of life and prolonging survival rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marília Carneiro Machado
- Department of Anatomy, Pathology and Veterinary Clinics, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - João Moreira da Costa-Neto
- Department of Anatomy, Pathology and Veterinary Clinics, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Dias Portela
- Laboratory of Immunology and Molecular Biology, Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | | | - Olindo Assis Martins-Filho
- Laboratory of Diagnostic and Monitoring Biomarkers, Research Center René Rachou, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Stella Maria Barrouin-Melo
- Department of Anatomy, Pathology and Veterinary Clinics, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Natalie Ferreira Borges
- Center for Agrarian, Environmental and Biological Sciences, Federal University of Recôncavo da Bahia, Cruz das Almas, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Fabiana Lessa Silva
- Department of Agrarian and Environmental Sciences, Estadual University of Santa Cruz, Ilhéus, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Alessandra Estrela-Lima
- Department of Anatomy, Pathology and Veterinary Clinics, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
- * E-mail:
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Navolotskaya EV, Sadovnikov VB, Lipkin VM. Synthetic Peptide TPLVTLFK, a Selective Agonist of Nonopioid β-Endorphin Receptor, Reduces the Corticotropin and Corticosterone Response. Int J Pept Res Ther 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s10989-016-9543-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Sadovnikov VB, Zinchenko DV, Navolotskaya EV. The synthetic peptide octarphin activates soluble guanylate cyclase in macrophages. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF BIOORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2016. [DOI: 10.1134/s1068162016030122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Navolotskaya EV. [Octarphin--Nonopioid Peptide of the Opioid Origin]. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF BIOORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2016; 41:524-30. [PMID: 26762089 DOI: 10.1134/s106816201505009x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The data on the properties and mechanism of action of the peptide octarphin (TPLVTLFK, the fragment 12-19 of β-endorphin)--a selective agonist of nonopioid (insensitive to the action of the opioid antagonist naloxone) β-endorphin receptor found on n immune cells (peritoneal macrophages, T and B lymphocytes of spleen and blood), endocrine (adrenal cortex, hypothalamus), cardiovascular (cardiomyocytes) systems are analyzed and systematized. Binding to the receptor octarphin increases increases the mitogen-induced pro- liferation of human and mouse T and B lymphocytes in vitro, activates murine peritoneal macrophages in vitro and in vivo, stimulates growth of human T-lymphoblast cell lines Jurkat and MT-4, inhibits adenylate cyclase activity of rat adrenal cortex membranes and suppresses the secretion of glucocorticoids from the adrenal gland into the blood. It was shown that in a concentration range of 1-1000 nM the peptide increases the activity of inducible NO-synthase (iNOS), and the content of NO and cGMP in lipopolysaccharide-activated murine peritoneal macrophages. Taking into account that NO acts as a primary activator of soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC), it can be assumed that the activating effect of octarphin on macrophages is realized in the following way: increase in th iNOS expression --> increase in the NO production --> increase in the sGC activity --> increase in intracellular levels of cGMP.
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Sadovnikov VB, Navolotskaya EV. Synthetic peptide octarphin (TPLVTLFK), a selective agonist of nonopioidβ-endorphin receptor, stimulates nitric oxide synthesis in macrophages. J Pept Sci 2014; 20:212-5. [DOI: 10.1002/psc.2603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2013] [Revised: 11/12/2013] [Accepted: 11/18/2013] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir B. Sadovnikov
- Branch of Shemyakin and Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences; Science Avenue, 6 Pushchino Moscow Region 142290 Russia
| | - Elena V. Navolotskaya
- Branch of Shemyakin and Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences; Science Avenue, 6 Pushchino Moscow Region 142290 Russia
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Abstract
Opiates are among the oldest medications available to manage a number of medical problems. Although pain is the current focus, early use initially focused upon the treatment of dysentery. Opium contains high concentrations of both morphine and codeine, along with thebaine, which is used in the synthesis of a number of semisynthetic opioid analgesics. Thus, it is not surprising that new agents were initially based upon the morphine scaffold. The concept of multiple opioid receptors was first suggested almost 50 years ago (Martin, 1967), opening the possibility of new classes of drugs, but the morphine-like agents have remained the mainstay in the medical management of pain. Termed mu, our understanding of these morphine-like agents and their receptors has undergone an evolution in thinking over the past 35 years. Early pharmacological studies identified three major classes of receptors, helped by the discovery of endogenous opioid peptides and receptor subtypes-primarily through the synthesis of novel agents. These chemical biologic approaches were then eclipsed by the molecular biology revolution, which now reveals a complexity of the morphine-like agents and their receptors that had not been previously appreciated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gavril W Pasternak
- Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Ave, New York, NY 10065.
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Nekrasova YN, Navolotskaya EV. Interaction of synthetic peptide octarphin (TPLVTLFK) with human blood lymphocytes. J Pept Sci 2013; 19:499-503. [DOI: 10.1002/psc.2527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2013] [Revised: 05/13/2013] [Accepted: 05/17/2013] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuliia N. Nekrasova
- Branch of Shemyakin and Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences; Science Avenue, 6 Pushchino Moscow Region 142290 Russia
| | - Elena V. Navolotskaya
- Branch of Shemyakin and Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences; Science Avenue, 6 Pushchino Moscow Region 142290 Russia
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Nekrasova YN, Zolotarev YA, Navolotskaya EV. Synthetic peptide octarphin (TPLVTLFK) inhibits the activity of the hypothalamus–pituitary–adrenal axis through nonopioid β-endorphin receptor. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 183:23-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.regpep.2013.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2012] [Revised: 07/11/2012] [Accepted: 03/03/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Nekrasova YN, Zolotarev YA, Navolotskaya EV. Interaction of synthetic peptide octarphin with human blood lymphocytes. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2013; 78:309-13. [DOI: 10.1134/s0006297913030140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Nekrasova YN, Zolotarev YA, Navolotskaya EV. Interaction of the synthetic peptide octarphin with rat adrenal cortex membranes. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2012; 77:1377-81. [DOI: 10.1134/s000629791212005x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Nekrasova YN, Zolotarev YA, Navolotskaya EV. Synthetic peptide TPLVTLFK (octarphin) reduces the corticosterone production by rat adrenal cortex through nonopioid β-endorphin receptor. J Pept Sci 2012; 18:495-9. [DOI: 10.1002/psc.2424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2012] [Revised: 04/22/2012] [Accepted: 05/04/2012] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuliia N. Nekrasova
- Branch of Shemyakin and Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry; Russian Academy of Sciences; Science Avenue, 6 Pushchino Moscow Region 142290 Russia
| | - Yury A. Zolotarev
- Institute of Molecular Genetics; Russian Academy of Sciences; Kurchatov square, 2 Moscow 123182 Russia
| | - Elena V. Navolotskaya
- Branch of Shemyakin and Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry; Russian Academy of Sciences; Science Avenue, 6 Pushchino Moscow Region 142290 Russia
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Increase in dopaminergic, but not serotoninergic, receptors in T-cells as a marker for schizophrenia severity. J Psychiatr Res 2012; 46:738-42. [PMID: 22497994 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2012.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2011] [Revised: 02/10/2012] [Accepted: 03/02/2012] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Schizophrenia is characterized by a slow deteriorating mental illness. Although the pathophysiology mechanisms are not fully understood, different studies have suggested a role for the immune system in the pathogenesis of schizophrenia. To date, an altered expression or signaling of neurotransmitters receptors is observed in immune cells during psychiatric disorders. In the present study, we investigated the expression of different serotonin and dopamine receptors in T-cells of schizophrenic and control patients. We used flow cytometry to determine the pattern of expression of dopamine (D2 and D4) and serotonine receptors (SR1A, SR1C, SR2A, SR2B), as well as serotonin transporter (ST), in T-cell subsets (CD4 and CD8). Expression of serotonin receptors and ST in T-cells of schizophrenic patients were not different from controls. However, the percentages of CD4+D4+ and CD8+D4+ were increased in schizophrenic patients as compared to controls. In addition, increased percentages of CD8+D2+ cells were also observed in schizophrenic patients, albeit this population revealed lower CD4+D2+ cells in comparison to controls. Interestingly, a relationship between clinical symptoms and immunological parameters was also observed. We showed that the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS), the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) and the Abnormal Involuntary Movement Scale (AIMS) were positively related to CD8+D2+ cells, though AIMS was inversely related to CD4+D4+ cells. In conclusion, the alteration in the pattern of cell population and molecules expressed by them might serve as a promising biomarker for diagnosis of schizophrenia.
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Chernov AS, Davidova GA, Kovalitskaya YA. Investigation of beta-endorphin reception in preimplantation development of a mouse embryo in vitro. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF BIOORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2012; 38:206-13. [DOI: 10.1134/s1068162012020033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Nekrasova YN, Navolotskaya EV. The synthetic peptide octraphin TPLVTLFK is a selective agonist of nonopioid β-endorphin receptor. BIOCHEMISTRY MOSCOW SUPPLEMENT SERIES A-MEMBRANE AND CELL BIOLOGY 2012. [DOI: 10.1134/s1990747811060092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Nekrasova YN, Zolotarev YA, Navolotskaya EV. Interaction of synthetic peptide octarphin with rat myocardium membranes. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2011; 76:1337-41. [DOI: 10.1134/s0006297911120066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Nekrasova YN, Zolotarev YA, Navolotskaya EV. Detection of nonopioid β
-endorphin receptor in the rat myocardium. J Pept Sci 2011; 18:83-7. [DOI: 10.1002/psc.1417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2011] [Revised: 07/22/2011] [Accepted: 08/25/2011] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yulia N. Nekrasova
- Branch of Shemyakin and Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences; Science Avenue, 6 Pushchino Moscow Region 142290 Russia
| | - Yury A. Zolotarev
- Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Russian Academy of Sciences; Kurchatov square, 2 Moscow 123182 Russia
| | - Elena V. Navolotskaya
- Branch of Shemyakin and Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences; Science Avenue, 6 Pushchino Moscow Region 142290 Russia
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Kovalitskaya YA, Nekrasova YN, Sadovnikov VB, Zolotarev YA, Navolotskaya EV. Immunostimulating effect of the synthetic peptide octarphin corresponding to β-endorphin fragment 12-19. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2011; 76:596-604. [PMID: 21639840 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297911050105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
We have synthesized the peptide TPLVTLFK corresponding to β-endorphin fragment 12-19 (dubbed octarphin) and its analogs (LPLVTLFK, TLLVTLFK, TPLVLLFK, TPLVTLLK, TPLVTLFL). The octarphin peptide was labeled with tritium (specific activity 28 Ci/mol), and its binding to murine peritoneal macrophages was studied. [3H]Octarphin was found to bind to macrophages with high affinity (K(d) = 2.3 ± 0.2 nM) and specificity. The specific binding of [3H]octarphin was inhibited by unlabeled b-endorphin and the selective agonist of nonopioid b-endorphin receptor synthetic peptide immunorphin (SLTCLVKGFY) (K(i) = 2.7 ± 0.2 and 2.4 ± 0.2 nM, respectively) and was not inhibited by unlabeled naloxone, a-endorphin, γ-endorphin, or [Met(5)]enkephalin (K(i) > 10 mM). Inhibitory activity of unlabeled octarphin analogs was more than 100 times lower than that of unlabeled octarphin. Octarphin was shown to stimulate activity of murine immunocompetent cells in vitro and in vivo: at concentration of 1-10 nM it enhanced the adhesion and spreading of peritoneal macrophages as well as their ability to digest bacteria of Salmonella typhimurium virulent strain 415 in vitro; the peptide administered intraperitoneally at a dose of 20 µg/animal on day 7, 3, and 1 prior to isolation of cells increased activity of peritoneal macrophages as well as spleen T- and B-lymphocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu A Kovalitskaya
- Branch of Shemyakin and Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, Moscow Region
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Kovalitskaya YA, Navolotskaya EV. Nonopioid effect of β-endorphin. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2011; 76:379-93. [PMID: 21585314 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297911040018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
This review presents the generalized literature data and the results of our own research of the nonopioid effect of β-endorphin, an opioid neuropeptide interacting not only with opioid but also with nonopioid (insensitive to the opioid antagonist naloxone) receptors. The roles of the hormone and its receptors in regulation of the immune, nervous, and endocrine systems are discussed. The effect of neuromediator on the immune system mediated by both opioid and nonopioid receptors is considered in detail. The data on distribution and function of the nonopioid β-endorphin receptor in human and animal organisms are presented. All available data on the characteristics of the nonopioid β-endorphin receptor obtained by means of radioligand analysis are given. The discussed information is supposed to extend our conceptions of the role of β-endorphin in mammals and to be of extensive use in medicine and pharmacology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu A Kovalitskaya
- Branch of Shemyakin and Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, Moscow Region, Russia.
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Nekrasova IN, Sadovnikov VB, Zolotarev IA, Navolotskaia EV. [Effects and mechanism of action of synthetic peptide octarphin]. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF BIOORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2010; 36:638-45. [PMID: 21063450 DOI: 10.1134/s1068162010050067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
We have synthesized the peptide TPLVTLFK corresponding to the β-endorphin fragment 12-19 (the name given by the authors - octarphin), and its analogs (LPLVTLFK, TLLVTLFK, TPLVLLFK, TPLVTLLK, TPLVTLFL). The peptide octarphin was labeled with tritium (the specific activity of 28 Ci/mmol) and its binding to the murine peritoneal macrophages has been studied. [(3)H]Octarphin was found to bind to macrophages with high affinity (K(d) = 2.3 ± 0.2 nM) and specificity. The specific binding of [(3)H]octarphin is inhibited by unlabeled β-endorphin and selective agonist of non-opioid β-endorphin receptor synthetic peptide immunorphin (SLTCLVKGFY) (K(i) = 2.7 ± 0.2 and 2.4 ± 0.2 nM respectively) and not inhibited by unlabeled naloxone, α-endorphin, γ-endorphin and [Met(5)]enkephalin (K(i) > 10 μM). Inhibiting activity of unlabeled analogs of octarphin is more then 100 times lower the unlabeled octarphin. Octarphin stimulates activity of murine immunocompetent cells in vitro and in vivo: at the concentration of 1-10 nM enhances the adhesion and spreading of peritoneal macrophages as well as their capacity to digest bacteria of Salmonella typhimurium virulent strain 415 in vitro. Intraperitoneal administration of peptide at dose 20 μg/animal on day 7,3 and 1 prior to the isolation of cells increases activity of peritoneal macrophages as well as T- and B-spleen lymphocytes.
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Nekrasova YN, Sadovnikov VB, Zolotarev YA, Navolotskaya EV. Binding of synthetic peptide TPLVTLFK to nonopioid beta-endorphin receptor on rat brain membranes. J Pept Sci 2010; 16:263-8. [PMID: 20474037 DOI: 10.1002/psc.1231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The synthetic peptide TPLVTLFK corresponding to the sequence 12-19 of beta-endorphin (referred to as octarphin) was found to bind to high-affinity naloxone-insensitive binding sites on membranes isolated from the rat brain cortex (K(d) = 2.6 +/- 0.2 nM). The binding specificity study revealed that these binding sites were insensitive not only to naloxone but also to alpha-endorphin, gamma-endorphin, [Met(5)]enkephalin, and [Leu(5)]enkephalin, as well. The [(3)H]octarphin specific binding with brain membranes was inhibited by unlabeled beta-endorphin (K(i) = 2.4 +/- 0.2 nM) and a selective agonist of nonopioid beta-endorphin receptor decapeptide immunorphin SLTCLVKGFY (K(i) = 2.9 +/- 0.2 nM). At the same time, unlabeled octarphin completely (by 100%) inhibited the specific binding of [(3)H]immunorphin with membranes (K(i) = 2.8 +/- 0.2 nM). Thus, octarphin binds with a high affinity and specificity to nonopioid receptor of beta-endorphin on rat brain cortex membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuliia N Nekrasova
- Branch of Shemyakin and Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, Moscow Region, Russia
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Anton B, Calva JC, Acevedo R, Salazar A, Matus M, Flores A, Martinez M, Adler MW, Gaughan JP, Eisenstein TK. Nociceptin/orphanin FQ suppresses adaptive immune responses in vivo and at picomolar levels in vitro. J Neuroimmune Pharmacol 2010; 5:143-54. [PMID: 20119853 PMCID: PMC4007060 DOI: 10.1007/s11481-010-9190-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2009] [Accepted: 01/03/2010] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Nociceptin/orphanin FQ (N/OFQ), added in vitro to murine spleen cells in the picomolar range, suppressed antibody formation to sheep red blood cells in a primary and a secondary plaque-forming cell assay. The activity of the peptide was maximal at 10(-12) M, with an asymmetric U-shaped dose-response curve that extended activity to 10(-14) M. Suppression was not blocked by pretreatment with naloxone. Specificity of the suppressive response was shown using affinity-purified rabbit antibodies against two N/OFQ peptides and with a pharmacological antagonist. Antisera against both peptides were active, in a dose-related manner, in neutralizing N/OFQ-mediated immunosuppression, when the peptide was used at concentrations from 10(-12.3) to 10(-11.6) M. In addition, nociceptin given in vivo by osmotic pump for 48 h suppressed the capacity of spleen cells placed ex vivo to make an anti-sheep red blood cell response. These studies show that nociceptin directly inhibits an adaptive immune response, i.e., antibody formation, both in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benito Anton
- Center for Substance Abuse Research, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA
- Molecular Neurobiology and Addictive Neurochemistry Laboratory, National Institute of Psychiatry, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Juan C. Calva
- Molecular Neurobiology and Addictive Neurochemistry Laboratory, National Institute of Psychiatry, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Rodolfo Acevedo
- Molecular Neurobiology and Addictive Neurochemistry Laboratory, National Institute of Psychiatry, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Alberto Salazar
- Molecular Neurobiology and Addictive Neurochemistry Laboratory, National Institute of Psychiatry, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Maura Matus
- Molecular Neurobiology and Addictive Neurochemistry Laboratory, National Institute of Psychiatry, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Anabel Flores
- Molecular Neurobiology and Addictive Neurochemistry Laboratory, National Institute of Psychiatry, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Martin Martinez
- Department of Physiology, National Institute of Cardiology, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Martin W. Adler
- Center for Substance Abuse Research, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA
| | - John P. Gaughan
- Biostatistics Consulting Center, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA
| | - Toby K. Eisenstein
- Center for Substance Abuse Research, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA
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Kovalitskaya YA, Navolotskaya EV. Synthetic peptide immunorphin as an instrument of the study of nonopioid β-endorphin receptor. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF BIOORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2010. [DOI: 10.1134/s106816201001005x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Navolotskaya EV, Kovalitskaya YA, Zolotarev YA, Sadovnikov VB. Binding of synthetic fragments of β-endorphin to nonopioid β-endorphin receptor. J Pept Sci 2008; 14:1121-8. [DOI: 10.1002/psc.1049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Anton B, Leff P, Calva JC, Acevedo R, Salazar A, Matus M, Pavón L, Martinez M, Meissler JJ, Adler MW, Gaughan JP, Eisenstein TK. Endomorphin 1 and endomorphin 2 suppress in vitro antibody formation at ultra-low concentrations: anti-peptide antibodies but not opioid antagonists block the activity. Brain Behav Immun 2008; 22:824-32. [PMID: 18374539 PMCID: PMC3926125 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2008.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2007] [Revised: 02/01/2008] [Accepted: 02/08/2008] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Endomorphin 1 (EM-1) and endomorphin 2 (EM-2) were tested for their capacity to alter immune function. Addition of either of these peptides to murine spleen cells in vitro inhibited antibody formation to sheep red blood cells in a bi-phasic dose dependent manner. Maximal inhibition was achieved at doses in the range of 10(-13) to 10(-15)M. Neither naloxone (general opioid receptor antagonist) nor CTAP (selective mu opioid receptor antagonist) blocked the immunosuppressive effect. To show that there was specificity to the immunosuppressive activity of the peptides, affinity-purified rabbit antibodies were raised against each of the synthetic EM peptides haptenized to KLH and tested for capacity to inhibit immunosuppression. Antibody responses were monitored by a standard solid phase antibody capture ELISA, and antibodies were purified by immunochromatography using the synthetic peptides coupled to a Sepharose 6B resin. Verification of the specificity of affinity-purified antisera was performed by immunodot-blot and solid-phase RIA assays. The antisera specific for both EM-1 and EM-2 neutralized the immunosuppressive effects of their respective peptides in a dose-related manner. Control normal rabbit IgG had no blocking activity on either EM-1 or EM-2. These studies show that the endomorphins are immunomodulatory at ultra-low concentrations, but the data do not support a mechanism involving the mu-opioid receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benito Anton
- Molecular Neurobiology and Addictive Neurochemistry Laboratory, National Institute of Psychiatry, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Phillipe Leff
- Molecular Neurobiology and Addictive Neurochemistry Laboratory, National Institute of Psychiatry, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Juan C. Calva
- Molecular Neurobiology and Addictive Neurochemistry Laboratory, National Institute of Psychiatry, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Rodolfo Acevedo
- Molecular Neurobiology and Addictive Neurochemistry Laboratory, National Institute of Psychiatry, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Alberto Salazar
- Department of Physiology, National Institute of Cardiology, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Maura Matus
- Department of Physiology, National Institute of Cardiology, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Lenin Pavón
- Department of Physiology, National Institute of Cardiology, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Martin Martinez
- Department of Physiology, National Institute of Cardiology, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Joseph J. Meissler
- Center for Substance Abuse Research, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Martin W. Adler
- Center for Substance Abuse Research, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA,Department of Pharmacology, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - John P. Gaughan
- Department of Physiology, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Toby K. Eisenstein
- Center for Substance Abuse Research, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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25
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Kovalitskaya YA, Sadovnikov VB, Kolobov AA, Zolotarev YA, Yurovsky VV, Lipkin VM, Navolotskaya EV. Binding of β-endorphin and its fragments to the nonopiod receptor of murine peritoneal macrophages. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF BIOORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2008. [DOI: 10.1134/s1068162008010032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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26
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Silverman DH, Karnovsky ML. Serotonin and peptide immunoneuromodulators: recent discoveries and new ideas. ADVANCES IN ENZYMOLOGY AND RELATED AREAS OF MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2006; 62:203-26. [PMID: 2567107 DOI: 10.1002/9780470123089.ch5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- D H Silverman
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
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27
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Boneberg EM, von Seydlitz E, Pröpster K, Watzl H, Rockstroh B, Illges H. D3 dopamine receptor mRNA is elevated in T cells of schizophrenic patients whereas D4 dopamine receptor mRNA is reduced in CD4+ -T cells. J Neuroimmunol 2005; 173:180-7. [PMID: 16376996 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2005.11.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2005] [Accepted: 11/22/2005] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The expression of dopamine receptors was examined in purified human neutrophils, monocytes, B cells, natural killer cells and CD4+ - and CD8+ -T lymphocytes by RT-PCR. In healthy subjects, D1 and D2 receptors were not expressed in leukocytes. Real Time PCR for dopamine receptors D3 and D4 disclosed that D3 receptors are expressed in T cells and natural killer cells and D4 receptors in CD4+ -T cells. The comparison of schizophrenic patients with sex- and age-matched controls revealed a significantly higher expression of D3 receptor mRNA in T cells of schizophrenic patients, whereas D4 receptor mRNA in CD4+ -T cells was downregulated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva-Maria Boneberg
- Biotechnology Institute Thurgau, Konstanzer Strasse 19, 8274 Taegerwilen, Switzerland.
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28
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Dafny N, Yang PB. Interferon and the central nervous system. Eur J Pharmacol 2005; 523:1-15. [PMID: 16226745 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2005.08.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2005] [Revised: 07/01/2005] [Accepted: 08/18/2005] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Interferons (IFNs) were discovered as natural antiviral substances produced during viral infection and were initially characterized for their ability to "interfere" with viral replication, slow cell proliferation, and profound alteration of immunity. The IFNs are synthesized and secreted by monocytes, macrophages, T-lymphocytes, neurons, and glia cells. The different IFNs are classified into three classes: alpha, beta, and gamma. alpha-IFN produced in the brain exerts direct effects on the brain and endocrine system by activating the neurosecretory hypothalamic neurons and regulates the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical axis. IFNs modulate neurophysiological activities of many brain region involving in pain, temperature, and food intake regulation. alpha-IFN administration activates the sympathetic nerves innervating components of the immune system. IFNs may serve as regulatory mediators between the central nervous system, the immune system, and endocrine system. IFN is used as immunologic therapy to treat various hematologic malignancies and infectious ailments and autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nachum Dafny
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, The University of Texas, Medical School, P.O. Box 20708, Houston, Texas 77225, USA.
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29
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Siemion IZ, Kluczyk A, Cebrat M. The peptide molecular links between the central nervous and the immune systems. Amino Acids 2005; 29:161-76. [PMID: 16059661 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-005-0231-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2005] [Accepted: 06/17/2005] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The central nervous system (CNS) and the immune system were for many years considered as two autonomous systems. Now, the reciprocal connections between them are generally recognized and very well documented. The links are realized mainly by various immuno- and neuropeptides. In the review the influence of the following immunopeptides on CNS is presented: tuftsin, thymulin, thymopoietin and thymopentin, thymosins, and thymic humoral factor. On the other side, the activity in the immune system of such neuropeptides as substance P, neurotensin, some neurokinins, enkephalins, and endorphins is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Z Siemion
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Wrocław, Wrocław, Poland.
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30
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Hutchinson MR, Somogyi AA. Relationship between 4,5-epoxymorphinan structure and in vitro modulation of cell proliferation. Eur J Pharmacol 2005; 494:251-62. [PMID: 15212982 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2004.04.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2004] [Revised: 04/28/2004] [Accepted: 04/30/2004] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Morphine belongs to the class of compounds known as 4,5-epoxymorphinans, which can alter immune function directly via receptors expressed by immune cells. However, the opioid characteristics of these receptors are not clear. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the in vitro immunomodulatory effects of 24 structurally related 4,5-epoxymorphinans to allow further characterisation of the receptor that mediates the immunomodulation and to ascertain if there is any structure-effect relationship. The immunomodulation of 4,5-epoxymorphinans using isolated mouse splenocytes stimulated with concanavalin A resulted in five types of responses: an inverted bell shaped curve (oxycodone, inhibitory EC(50)=1.6 nM), an inhibitory concentration response curve (buprenorphine, inhibitory EC(50)=12.6 microM), an inverted bell-shaped curve with induction (morphine, induction EC(50)=1.7 microM), an induction concentration response curve (oxymorphone, induction EC(50)=20 nM), and the lack of any response (e.g. noroxycodone). Non-stereoselectivity, naloxone-insensitivity, naloxone-sensitivity and non-classical opioid rank order of effect were all observed. A structure-effect relationship was developed and significant evidence for non-classical opioid receptor function on immune cells was concluded.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark R Hutchinson
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology, Level 5, Medical School North, University of Adelaide, Frome Road, Adelaide 5005, South Australia, Australia.
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31
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Wollemann M, Benyhe S. Non-opioid actions of opioid peptides. Life Sci 2004; 75:257-70. [PMID: 15135648 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2003.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2003] [Accepted: 12/15/2003] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Beside the well known actions of opioid peptides on mu-, delta- and kappa-opioid receptors, increasing amount of pharmacological and biochemical evidence has recently been published about non-opioid actions of various opioid peptides. These effects are not abolished by naloxone treatments. Such non-opioid effects are observed both in nervous tissues and in the cellular elements of the immune system. Peptides exhibiting non-opioid effects include beta-endorphin, dynorphin A, nociceptin/OFQ, endomorphins, hemorphins and a number of Proenkephalin A derived peptides, such as Met-enkephalin, Met-enkephalin-Arg-Phe (MERF) and bovine adrenal medullary peptide (BAM22). Non-opioid actions are exerted through different neuronal receptors, e.g., dynorphin hyperalgesia through NMDA receptor, Met-enkephalin induced regulation of cell growth through zeta receptors, pain modulation by nociceptin through ORL-1 or NOP receptors, while BAM22 acts through sensory neuron specific G protein-coupled receptors (SNSR). We have investigated Met-enkephalin-Arg-Phe (MERF) and its analogues by the means of direct and indirect radioligand binding assays. It has been found that in addition to kappa(2) and delta-opioid receptors, MERF can act also through sigma(2)- or probably via FMRF-NH(2) receptors in rat cerebellum. A role of functionally assembling heterodimer receptors in mediating the non-conventional actions of these peptide ligands can not be excluded as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mária Wollemann
- Institute of Biochemistry, Biological Research Centre, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, PO Box 521, H-6701 Szeged, Hungary.
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32
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Contet C, Matifas A, Kieffer BL. No evidence for G-protein-coupled epsilon receptor in the brain of triple opioid receptor knockout mouse. Eur J Pharmacol 2004; 492:131-6. [PMID: 15178356 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2004.03.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2003] [Revised: 03/17/2004] [Accepted: 03/30/2004] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Pharmacological approaches have defined the epsilon receptor as a beta-endorphin-preferring opioid receptor, described in rat vas deferens and in brain of several species. Only three opioid receptors-mu, delta and kappa-have been cloned and the existence of this additional subtype as a distinct protein remains controversial. Recently, the mouse brain epsilon receptor was detected in a G protein activation assay, as mediating residual beta-endorphin activity following pharmacological blockade of mu, delta and kappa receptors. To clarify whether this site is independent from mu, delta and kappa receptors, we performed beta-endorphin-induced [(35)S]GTPgammaS binding using mice lacking these three receptors (triple knockout mice). We tested both pons-medulla and whole brain preparations. beta-Endorphin strongly stimulated [(35)S]GTPgammaS binding in wild-type membranes but had no detectable effect in membranes from triple knockout mice. We conclude that the brain epsilon site involves mu, delta and/or kappa receptors, possibly coupled to nonclassical G proteins.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Binding, Competitive/physiology
- Brain/metabolism
- Female
- GTP-Binding Proteins/agonists
- Humans
- In Vitro Techniques
- Male
- Medulla Oblongata/metabolism
- Mice
- Mice, Knockout
- Pons/metabolism
- Receptors, Opioid/metabolism
- Receptors, Opioid, delta/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptors, Opioid, delta/genetics
- Receptors, Opioid, kappa/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptors, Opioid, kappa/genetics
- Receptors, Opioid, mu/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptors, Opioid, mu/genetics
- beta-Endorphin/antagonists & inhibitors
- beta-Endorphin/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Candice Contet
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, CNRS/INSERM/ULP Parc d'innovation, 1 rue Laurent Fries BP 10142, C.U. de Strasbourg, 67404 Illkirch Cedex, France
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33
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Abstract
The article provides a broad assessment of the occurrence of hormetic-like biphasic dose-response relationships by over 30 peptides representing many major peptide classes. These peptide-induced biphasic dose responses were observed to occur in a extensive range of tissues, affecting an diverse range of biological endpoints. Despite diversity of peptides, models and endpoints, the quantitative features of the biphasic dose responses are remarkably similar with respect to the amplitude and width of the stimulatory response. These findings strongly suggest that hormetic-like biphasic dose responses represent a broadly generalizable biological phenomenon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward J Calabrese
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA.
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34
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Sulowska Z, Majewska E, Krawczyk K, Klink M, Tchórzewski H. Influence of opioid peptides on human neutrophil apoptosis and activation in vitro. Mediators Inflamm 2002; 11:245-50. [PMID: 12396476 PMCID: PMC1781664 DOI: 10.1080/096293502900000104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND It has been shown that cells of the immune system release opioid peptides and possess receptors for them. The concentrations of opioid peptides in the peripheral circulation rapidly increase during inflammation and acute stress response. AIMS The effect of opioid peptides Met-enkephalin (M-ENK) and beta-endorphin (beta-END) on the oxidative metabolism of normal human neutrophils and their death by apoptosis in vitro was investigated. METHODS Isolated from peripheral blood, neutrophils were incubated in the presence or absence of 10(-6) to 10(-10) M of M-ENK and beta-END for 12 and 18 h. Apoptosis of neutrophils was determined in vitro by flow cytometric analysis of cellular DNA content and Annexin V-FITC protein binding to the cell surface. The MTT-reduction assay was employed to estimate the oxidative metabolism of neutrophils. RESULTS Treatment with M-ENK caused a significant increase in apoptotic cells after 18 h of culture: *0 M (control) versus 10(-10) M, p < or = 0.02; **10(-10) M versus 10(-10) M, p < or = 0.02. Treatment with beta-END caused a significant increase in apoptotic cells after 12 h of culture: 0 M versus 10(-8) M, p < or = 0.03; **0 M versus 10(-10) M, p < or = 0.04. We found the significant increase in MTT reduction by neutrophils in the presence of M-ENK and beta-END both before and after the culture. However, the ability of neutrophils to reduce the MTT salt to formazan decreased significantly after the culture. CONCLUSIONS We observed that the in vitro effect of opioid peptides on the neutrophil survival and their functional state was time and dose dependent. The presence of antioxidants in the culture medium modifies neutrophil survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zofia Sulowska
- Microbiology and Virology Center, Polish Academy of Sciences, Lodz, Poland
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35
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Steele AD, Szabo I, Bednar F, Rogers TJ. Interactions between opioid and chemokine receptors: heterologous desensitization. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2002; 13:209-22. [PMID: 12486875 DOI: 10.1016/s1359-6101(02)00007-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
The opioid and chemokine receptors are both members of the seven transmembrane G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) superfamily. Desensitization is believed to be a major element of the regulation of the function of these receptors, and recent findings suggest that both agonist-dependent (homologous) desensitization and heterologous desensitization can control receptor activity. The cross-desensitization between opioid and chemokine receptors has significant implications for our understanding of both the regulation of leukocyte trafficking, as well as the regulation of chemokine receptor function in inflammatory disease states. We also review findings which suggest that pro-inflammatory chemokine receptor-induced heterologous desensitization of opioid receptors has important implications for the regulation of opioid receptor function in the nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amber D Steele
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Fels Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Biology, Center for Substance Abuse Research, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA.
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36
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Navolotskaya EV, Zargarova TA, Malkova NV, Krasnova SB, Zav'yalov VP, Lipkin VM. Synthetic peptide SLTCLVKGFY competes with beta-endorphin for naloxone-insensitive binding sites on rat brain membranes. Peptides 2002; 23:1115-9. [PMID: 12126739 DOI: 10.1016/s0196-9781(02)00038-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The synthetic decapeptide Ser-Leu-Thr-Cys-Leu-Val-Lys-Gly-Phe-Tyr (termed immunorphin) corresponding to the sequence 364-373 of the CH3 domain of human immunoglobulin G heavy chain and its synthetic fragment VKGFY were found to compete with 125I-labeled beta-endorphin for high-affinity naloxone-insensitive binding sites on membranes isolated from the rat brain cortex (K(i)=1.18+/-0.09 and 1.58+/-0.11 nM, respectively). The binding specificity study revealed that these binding sites were insensitive not only to naloxone but to [Met(5)]enkephalin and [Leu(5)]enkephalin as well. The K(d) values characterizing the specific binding of 125I-labeled immunorphin and its fragment Val-Lys-Gly-Phe-Tyr to these binding sites were determined to be 2.93+/-0.27 nM and 3.17+/-0.29 nM, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena V Navolotskaya
- Branch of Shemyakin and Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 142290, Moscow Region, Pushchino, Russia.
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37
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Navolotskaya EV, Zargarova TA, Malkova NV, Krasnova SB, Zav'yalov VP, Lipkin VM. beta-Endorphin-like peptide SLTCLVKGFY is a selective agonist of nonopioid beta-endorphin receptor. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2002; 292:799-804. [PMID: 11944884 DOI: 10.1006/bbrc.2002.6758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
It has been found that beta-endorphin (beta-END) and a synthetic beta-END-like decapeptide Ser-Leu-Thr-Cys-Leu-Val-Lys-Gly-Phe-Tyr (termed immunorphin, IMN) corresponding to the sequence 364-373 of human IgG heavy chain stimulate Con A-induced proliferation of T lymphocytes from the blood of healthy donors. [Met(5)]enkephalin ([Met(5)]ENK) and an antagonist of opioid receptors naloxone (NAL) tested in parallel were not active. The stimulating effect of beta-END and IMN on T lymphocyte proliferation was not inhibited by NAL. Studies on receptor binding of (125)I-labeled IMN to T lymphocytes revealed that it binds with high affinity to NAL-insensitive binding sites (K(d) = 7.0 +/- 0.3 nM). Unlabeled beta-END completely inhibited the specific binding of (125)I-labeled IMN to NAL-insensitive binding sites on T lymphocytes (K(i) = 1.1 +/- 0.2 nM). Thus, beta-END and IMN bind to common NAL-insensitive binding sites on T lymphocytes and enhance Con A-induced proliferation of these cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- E V Navolotskaya
- Branch of Shemyakin and Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Science Avenue, 6, Pushchino, Moscow Region, 142290, Russia.
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38
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Nakashima M, Nie Y, Li QL, Friedman TC. Up-regulation of splenic prohormone convertases PC1 and PC2 in diabetic rats. REGULATORY PEPTIDES 2001; 102:135-45. [PMID: 11730986 DOI: 10.1016/s0167-0115(01)00311-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Organisms respond to infection in a complex manner involving bidirectional interactions between the neuroendocrine and immune systems. Many of the bioactive endocrine/immune factors are synthesized in a precursor form and are expected to be activated by prohormone convertases (PCs). Since patients with both type 1 and type 2 diabetes have an increased incidence and severity of infections, we hypothesized that in a condition of hyperglycemia, these processing enzymes would be activated in an immune tissue, the spleen. To test this hypothesis, we treated rats with intraperitoneal streptozotocin (STZ) (50 mg/kg/day) daily for 5 days and measured splenic PC1 and PC2 mRNA by ribonuclease protection assay. We found that PC1 mRNA was increased 6.0+/-0.02-fold (P<0.05) and PC2 mRNA was increased 1.80+/-0.01-fold (P<0.005) in the spleen of rats that received STZ compared to rats that received vehicle. Western blot indicated that the 75-kDa form of PC1 was the only form of PC1 present in the spleen and that this form increased with STZ treatment. Immunohistochemistry revealed that PC1 was found in both the white pulp (T-lymphocytes) and red pulp (monocytes and macrophages) and that its increase in immunoreactivity occurred primarily in the white pulp. PC2 and pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC, a possible splenic substrate for PC1/PC2) immunoreactivity was found predominantly in the red pulp. STZ induced an increase in splenic PC1 and POMC, but not PC2 protein levels. We conclude that in the STZ model of diabetes, splenic PCs are induced, which could lead to an increased activation of many immune-derived hormones. We speculate that this up-regulation of prohormone converting enzymes may be related to the increased infections seen in patients with both type 1 and type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Nakashima
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Research Institute-UCLA School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
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39
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Navolotskaya EV, Malkova NV, Zargarova TA, Lepikhova TN, Zav'yalov VP, Lipkin VM. Synthetic beta-endorphin-like peptide immunorphin binds to non-opioid receptors for beta-endorphin on T lymphocytes. Peptides 2001; 22:2009-13. [PMID: 11786184 DOI: 10.1016/s0196-9781(01)00563-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
The synthetic decapeptide H-SLTCLVKGFY-OH (termed immunorphin) corresponding to the sequence 364-373 of the CH3 domain of human immunoglobulin G heavy chain was found to compete with [125I]beta-endorphin for high-affinity receptors on T lymphocytes from the blood of healthy donors (K(i) = 0.6 nM). Besides immunorphin, its synthetic fragments H-Val-Lys-Gly-Phe-Tyr-OH (K(i) = 15 nM), H-Leu-Val-Lys-Gly-Phe-Tyr-OH (K(i) = 8.0 nM), H-Cys-Leu-Val-Lys-Gly-Phe-Tyr-OH (K(i) = 3.4 nM), H-Thr-Cys-Leu-Val-Lys-Gly-Phe-Tyr-OH (K(i) = 2.2 nM), H-Leu-Thr-Cys-Leu-Val-Lys-Gly-Phe-Tyr-OH (K(i) = 1.0 nM) possessed the ability to inhibit specific binding of [125I]beta-endorphin to T lymphocytes. Tests of the specificity of the receptors revealed that they are not sensitive to naloxone and Met-enkephalin, i.e. they are not opioid receptors. K(d) values characterizing the specific binding of 125I- labeled immunorphin and its fragment H-Val-Lys-Gly-Phe-Tyr-OH to the receptors have been determined to be 7.4 nM and 36.3 nM, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- E V Navolotskaya
- Branch of Shemyakin and Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 142290, Pushchino, Moscow Region, Russia.
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40
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Boyadjieva N, Dokur M, Advis JP, Meadows GG, Sarkar DK. Chronic ethanol inhibits NK cell cytolytic activity: role of opioid peptide beta-endorphin. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2001; 167:5645-52. [PMID: 11698436 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.167.10.5645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The role of beta-endorphin (beta-EP) in ethanol-altered NK cell cytolytic activity is studied using male Fischer-344 rats as an animal model. Ethanol was administered for 1, 2, 3, or 4 wk in a liquid diet containing 8.7% ethanol (v/v), which means that 37% of the total calories were derived from ethanol. Rats treated with ethanol for 1 wk showed an increase in hypothalamic and plasma levels of immunoreactive (IR)-beta-EP, but displayed no significant effect on NK cell activity determined by (51)Cr release assay, as compared with those in pair-fed and ad libitum-fed animals. However, animals treated with ethanol for 2, 3, or 4 wk showed decreased hypothalamic and plasma levels of IR-beta-EP and decreased splenic NK cell activity. No significant decrease in the number of splenocytes and NK cells or in the percentage of NK cells was seen until after 3 and 4 wk of ethanol treatment. Exposure in vitro of splenic lymphocytes obtained from control animals to various concentrations of beta-EP increased NK cell activity. The opiate antagonist naltrexone blocked the beta-EP-stimulated effect. The in vitro NK cell response to beta-EP was reduced in the splenocytes obtained from animals treated with ethanol for 2 wk, but not in those obtained from animals treated with ethanol for 1 wk as compared with those in control animals. Additionally, beta-EP administration into the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus stimulated NK cell cytolytic activity, whereas the opiate blocker administration reduced NK cell activity. The NK cell responses to paraventricular nucleus beta-EP were reduced in the animals treated with ethanol for 2 wk. These data provide evidence for the first time that ethanol inhibits NK cell cytolytic activity, possibly by reducing beta-EP-regulated splenic NK cell function.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Boyadjieva
- Department of Animal Sciences, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
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41
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Abstract
It was shown that biphasic responses are commonly reported for opiates with respect to a broad range of animal models and endpoints. These endpoints include such diverse functions as blood pressure, muscle tension, breathing rates, hCG production, HIV production, neutrophil migration, ACTH production, protein binding, and neuronal functioning. Quantitative features of the dose-response relationships indicated that the maximum stimulatory responses were < or = 3-fold greater than the controls with most being between 10 to 70% greater than the controls. In contrast to the striking similarity in the maximum stimulatory response, there was marked variation with respect to the dose range of the stimulatory responses that varied from 10(1) to 10(10). Mechanistic assessments were conducted for most biphasic dose-response relationships and are addressed in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- E J Calabrese
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health and Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst 01003, USA.
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42
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Abstract
It is now clear that opioid receptors participate in the function of the cells of the immune system, and evidence suggests that opioids modulate both innate and acquired immune responses. We review literature here which establishes that mu-, kappa-, and delta-opioid compounds alter resistance to a variety of infectious agents, including the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV). The nature of the immunomodulatory activity of the opioids has been the subject of a great deal of research over the last ten years. There is increasing evidence that effects of opioids on the immune response are mediated at several levels. Modulation of the inflammatory response appears to be a target of these compounds, including effects on phagocytic activity, as well as the response of cells to various chemoattractant molecules. Moreover, findings from several laboratories have demonstrated the impact of opioid treatment on antibody responses, and the molecular basis for this effect is likely due, at least in part, to the modulation of both cytokine and cytokine receptor expression. Future research should provide a clearer understanding of the cellular and molecular targets of opioid action within the immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- L McCarthy
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Temple University School of Medicine, 3400 N. Broad Street, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
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43
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McCarthy L, Szabo I, Nitsche JF, Pintar JE, Rogers TJ. Expression of functional mu-opioid receptors during T cell development. J Neuroimmunol 2001; 114:173-80. [PMID: 11240029 DOI: 10.1016/s0165-5728(01)00248-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
We have examined the chemotactic responsiveness of thymocytes to selective mu-, kappa-, and delta-opioid agonists. Our results show that developing T cells migrate in response to mu-, but not kappa- or delta-opioids. The mu-opioid response appears to be dependent on the classical mu-opioid receptor (MOR-1) since the chemotactic response is blocked by a selective mu-opioid antagonist, and is absent in thymocytes from MOR-1-deficient mice. Flow cytometric analysis of the mu-opioid responsive cells shows that these cells consist predominantly of highly immature CD4- CD8- T cells. These results represent the first demonstration of the functional expression of mu-opioid receptors by developing T cells.
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MESH Headings
- 3,4-Dichloro-N-methyl-N-(2-(1-pyrrolidinyl)-cyclohexyl)-benzeneacetamide, (trans)-Isomer/pharmacology
- Analgesics, Non-Narcotic/pharmacology
- Analgesics, Opioid/pharmacology
- Animals
- Cell Differentiation/immunology
- Cells, Cultured
- Chemotaxis, Leukocyte/drug effects
- Chemotaxis, Leukocyte/immunology
- Enkephalin, Ala(2)-MePhe(4)-Gly(5)-/pharmacology
- Enkephalin, D-Penicillamine (2,5)-/pharmacology
- Gene Expression/immunology
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Receptors, Opioid, mu/genetics
- Receptors, Opioid, mu/immunology
- Specific Pathogen-Free Organisms
- T-Lymphocytes/cytology
- T-Lymphocytes/physiology
- Thymus Gland/cytology
- Thymus Gland/growth & development
- Thymus Gland/immunology
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Affiliation(s)
- L McCarthy
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Fels Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Biology, Temple University School of Medicine, 3400 North Broad Street, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
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44
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Wakao K, Matsuzaki I, Terao K, Inoue-Murayama M, Shimojo N, Murayama Y. Involvement of granzyme B expression in the enhancement of natural killer activity by beta-endorphin. Brain Behav Immun 2000; 14:27-40. [PMID: 10729215 DOI: 10.1006/brbi.1999.0568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Beta-Endorphin has been reported to enhance natural killer (NK) activity in vitro. However, few studies have examined the precise regulation of the cytolytic stage of NK cells. We therefore investigated the regulation by beta-endorphin of cytotoxicity-associated molecules such as granzyme B, perforin, and Fas ligand (FasL) in human CD16(+) NK cells. On semiquantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assay, the granzyme B mRNA level apparently increased in CD16(+) NK cells from high responding subjects having ratios >1.5 for the LU(30) ratio. An increase in intracellular granzyme B molecules was also detected in CD16(+) NK cells by flow cytometry. On the other hand, perforin and FasL appeared not to be involved in regulation by beta-endorphin. These findings suggest that up-regulation of granzyme B expression may be involved in the enhancement of NK activity by beta-endorphin.
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MESH Headings
- Adult
- Antigens, CD/analysis
- Antigens, Differentiation, T-Lymphocyte/analysis
- Cells, Cultured
- Cyclic AMP/physiology
- Cytotoxicity, Immunologic/drug effects
- Enzyme Induction/drug effects
- Fas Ligand Protein
- Female
- Flow Cytometry
- Gene Expression Regulation/drug effects
- Granzymes
- HLA-DR Antigens/analysis
- Humans
- Killer Cells, Natural/drug effects
- Killer Cells, Natural/enzymology
- Lectins, C-Type
- Male
- Membrane Glycoproteins/biosynthesis
- Membrane Glycoproteins/genetics
- Middle Aged
- Perforin
- Pore Forming Cytotoxic Proteins
- RNA, Messenger/biosynthesis
- Receptors, IgG/analysis
- Second Messenger Systems
- Serine Endopeptidases/biosynthesis
- Serine Endopeptidases/genetics
- beta-Endorphin/pharmacology
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Affiliation(s)
- K Wakao
- Institute of Environmental Science, University of Tsukuba, Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
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Wollemann M, Farkas J, Tóth G, Benyhe S. Comparison of the endogenous heptapeptide Met-enkephalin-Arg6-Phe7 binding in amphibian and mammalian brain. ACTA BIOLOGICA HUNGARICA 1999. [DOI: 10.1007/bf03543051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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46
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Benyhe S, Farkas J, Tóth G, Wollemann M. Characterization of [3H]Met-enkephalin-Arg6-Phe7 binding to multiple sites in rat and guinea pig cerebellum. Life Sci 1999; 64:1189-96. [PMID: 10210261 DOI: 10.1016/s0024-3205(99)00050-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
[3H]Met-enkephalin-Arg6-Phe7 (MERF) has been shown to label opioid (kappa2 and delta) and sigma2 sites in rat and frog brain membrane preparations, and no specific binding to kappa1 opioid receptors could be established (refs. 6 and 8). In this study the binding was examined in rat cerebellar membranes which are relatively rich in kappa2-sites, and in guinea pig cerebellar preparations where kappa1 opioid receptors are almost exclusively present. In accordance with our previous results, [3H]MERF binding could not be displaced in guinea pig cerebellar membranes neither with U-69,593 nor with naloxone or levorphanol suggesting no interaction with opioid sites, nevertheless a Kd of 2.8 nM was calculated in cold saturation experiments. In rat cerebellar membrane fractions about the half of the specific [3H]MERF binding sites was inhibited by opiate alkaloids such as naloxone, ethylketocyclazocine, or bremazocine. This portion of the heptapeptide binding sites was stereoselective as demonstrated by the difference in the affinities of the enantiomeric compounds levorphanol and dextrorphan, therefore it would represent an opioid site. In both tissues (-)N-allyl-normetazocine (SKF-10,047), which is also considered as sigma2 ligand, displayed the highest affinities. Among opioid peptides beta-endorphin and dynorphin(1-13) showed the highest potencies, displacing [3H]MERF also from its non-opioid sites. It was concluded therefore that [3H]MERF does not bind to kappa1 sites, and besides kappa2-opioid sites substantial binding to peptide preferring non-opioid sites, and/or sigma2 receptors also occurs.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Benyhe
- Institute of Biochemistry, Biological Research Centre, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Szeged.
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47
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Ricci A, Bronzetti E, Felici L, Greco S, Amenta F. Labeling of dopamine D3 and D4 receptor subtypes in human peripheral blood lymphocytes with [3H]7-OH-DPAT: a combined radioligand binding assay and immunochemical study. J Neuroimmunol 1998; 92:191-5. [PMID: 9916894 DOI: 10.1016/s0165-5728(98)00207-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Molecular biology studies have demonstrated that human peripheral blood lymphocytes express dopamine D2-like receptors belonging to the D3 and D4 receptor subtypes, whereas the characterization of these receptors using radioligand binding assay techniques provided conflicting results. The preferential dopamine D3 receptor agonist [3H]7-hydroxy-N, N-di-n-propyl-2-aminotetralin ([3H]7-OH-DPAT) was used recently for labeling lymphocyte dopamine D3 receptor. However, the selectivity of this compound for the D3 receptor was questioned. In this study we have investigated human peripheral blood lymphocyte dopamine receptor subtypes labeled by [3H]7-OH-DPAT using a conventional radioligand binding assay technique and antibodies against dopamine D2-like receptor subtypes. [3H]7-OH-DPAT was specifically bound to intact human peripheral blood lymphocytes with a dissociation constant (Kd) value of 0.32 + 0.03 nM and a maximum density of binding sites (Bmax) of 18.2 + 0.8 fmol/2 x 10(6) cells. [3H]7-OH-DPAT binding was unaffected by antibodies against dopamine D2 and D2S receptors. Anti-dopamine D3 and D4 receptor antibodies reduced [3H]7-OH-DPAT binding by about 53% and 32% respectively. Combination of anti D3 and D4 receptor antibodies reduced remarkably [3H]7-OH-DPAT binding. The above results suggest that the dopamine receptor agonist [3H]7-OH-DPAT labels dopamine D3 and D4 receptor subtypes in human peripheral blood lymphocytes. The use of antibodies raised against dopamine receptor subtypes in combination with radioligand binding assay may contribute to define receptor subtypes expressed by human peripheral blood lymphocytes in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Ricci
- Dipartimento di Scienze Cardiovascolari e Respiratorie, Università La Sapienza, Rome, Italy
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48
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Gannon GA, Rhind SG, Suzui M, Zamecnik J, Sabiston BH, Shek PN, Shephard RJ. beta-Endorphin and natural killer cell cytolytic activity during prolonged exercise. is there a connection? THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY 1998; 275:R1725-34. [PMID: 9843861 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.1998.275.6.r1725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
This study was designed to test whether a single 50-mg dose of the opioid antagonist naltrexone hydrochloride, ingested 60 min before 2 h of moderate-intensity exercise (i.e., 65% peak O2 consumption), influenced the exercise-induced augmentation of peripheral blood natural killer cell cytolytic activity (NKCA). Ten healthy male subjects were tested on four occasions separated by intervals of at least 14 days. A rested-state control trial was followed by three double-blind exercise trials [placebo (P), naltrexone (N), and indomethacin] arranged according to a random block design. The indomethacin exercise trial is discussed elsewhere (S. G. Rhind, G. A. Gannon, P. N. Shek, and R. J. Shepherd. Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. 30: S20, 1998). For both the P and N trials, plasma levels of beta-endorphin were increased (P < 0.05) at 90 and 120 min of exercise but returned to resting (preexercise) levels 2 h postexercise. CD3(-)CD16(+)CD56(+) NK cell counts and NKCA were significantly (P < 0.05) elevated at each 30-min interval of exercise compared with correspondingly timed resting control values. However, there were no differences in NK cell counts or NKCA between P and N trials at any time point during the two trials. Changes in NKCA reflected mainly changes in NK cell count (r = 0.72; P < 0.001). The results do not support the hypothesis that the enhancement of NKCA during prolonged submaximal aerobic exercise is mediated by beta-endorphin.
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Affiliation(s)
- G A Gannon
- Graduate Programme in Exercise Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto M5S 1A1, Canada L2S 3A1
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49
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Mashaly MM, Trout JM, Hendricks G, al-Dokhi LM, Gehad A. The role of neuroendocrine immune interactions in the initiation of humoral immunity in chickens. Domest Anim Endocrinol 1998; 15:409-22. [PMID: 9785045 DOI: 10.1016/s0739-7240(98)00023-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
The presence of neuroendocrine immune interaction in mammalian species has been studied extensively and has been established. However, such an interaction is not as well established in avian species. Furthermore, the role of such an interaction in the initiation of humoral immunity is not well understood. Therefore, the present studies were conducted to determine mechanisms involved in the initiation of humoral immunity in chickens. Cornell K-strain White Leghorn immature male chickens were used for all the experiments. Changes in hormonal and leukocyte profiles after antigen stimulation were studied. The ability of different leukocytes to produce ACTH was also investigated. It was concluded that the first step in the initiation of humoral immunity after antigen exposure is the release of interleukin-1 by macrophages, which in turn stimulates the production of CRF by hypothalamus and/or leukocytes. It is important to mention that CRF production could also be a direct effect of antigen stimulation. The CRF will then stimulate ACTH production by anterior pituitary and/or leukocytes. In addition, CRF will directly enhance lymphocyte activities in the spleen. Corticosteroid production will be stimulated by ACTH and will cause redistribution of lymphocytes from circulation to secondary lymphoid organs such as the spleen for antigen processing and eventual production of antibodies against the invading antigens. Finally, both ACTH and corticosteroids will later act in a negative feedback manner to regulate and control the process of antibody production by inhibiting lymphocyte activities and/or reducing the responsiveness to different stimuli.
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Affiliation(s)
- M M Mashaly
- Department of Poultry Science, Pennsylvania State University, University Park 16802, USA
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50
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Wu WR, Zheng JW, Li FY, Li Y, Zhang KR, Bai HQ. Involvement of mu-opioid receptors and alpha-adrenoceptors in the immunomodulatory effects of dihydroetorphine. Eur J Pharmacol 1998; 353:79-85. [PMID: 9721043 DOI: 10.1016/s0014-2999(98)00369-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The present study investigated the effects of acutely administered dihydroetorphine on mitogen-stimulated lymphocyte proliferation and lymphokine production in mice. These immune functions were significantly suppressed by dihydroetorphine at 24 microg/kg and 128 microg/kg in a dose-dependent fashion. This study further examined the involvement of micro-opioid receptors and alpha-adrenoceptors in the immunomodulatory effects of dihydroetorphine. The micro-opioid receptor antagonist, naloxone (4 mg/kg), and alpha-adrenoceptor antagonist, phentolamine (10 mg/kg), but not the beta-adrenoceptor antagonist, propranolol (10 mg/kg), effectively blocked dihydroetorphine-induced suppression of splenic lymphocyte proliferation and lymphokine production. These results demonstrate that dihydroetorphine has significant immunosuppressive effects in mice and the mechanisms of these effects may lie in its interactions with opioid receptors and adrenergic pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- W R Wu
- Department of Pharmacology, Xi'an Medical University, China.
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