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Ghasemi N, Azizi H. Exploring Myc puzzle: Insights into cancer, stem cell biology, and PPI networks. Gene 2024; 916:148447. [PMID: 38583818 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2024.148447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Revised: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
"The grand orchestrator," "Universal Amplifier," "double-edged sword," and "Undruggable" are just some of the Myc oncogene so-called names. It has been around 40 years since the discovery of the Myc, and it remains in the mainstream of cancer treatment drugs. Myc is part of basic helix-loop-helix leucine zipper (bHLH-LZ) superfamily proteins, and its dysregulation can be seen in many malignant human tumors. It dysregulates critical pathways in cells that are connected to each other, such as proliferation, growth, cell cycle, and cell adhesion, impacts miRNAs action, intercellular metabolism, DNA replication, differentiation, microenvironment regulation, angiogenesis, and metastasis. Myc, surprisingly, is used in stem cell research too. Its family includes three members, MYC, MYCN, and MYCL, and each dysfunction was observed in different cancer types. This review aims to introduce Myc and its function in the body. Besides, Myc deregulatory mechanisms in cancer cells, their intricate aspects will be discussed. We will look at promising drugs and Myc-based therapies. Finally, Myc and its role in stemness, Myc pathways based on PPI network analysis, and future insights will be explained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nima Ghasemi
- Faculty of Biotechnology, Amol University of Special Modern Technologies, Amol, Iran
| | - Hossein Azizi
- Faculty of Biotechnology, Amol University of Special Modern Technologies, Amol, Iran.
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2
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Ma S, Ming Y, Wu J, Cui G. Cellular metabolism regulates the differentiation and function of T-cell subsets. Cell Mol Immunol 2024; 21:419-435. [PMID: 38565887 PMCID: PMC11061161 DOI: 10.1038/s41423-024-01148-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
T cells are an important component of adaptive immunity and protect the host from infectious diseases and cancers. However, uncontrolled T cell immunity may cause autoimmune disorders. In both situations, antigen-specific T cells undergo clonal expansion upon the engagement and activation of antigens. Cellular metabolism is reprogrammed to meet the increase in bioenergetic and biosynthetic demands associated with effector T cell expansion. Metabolites not only serve as building blocks or energy sources to fuel cell growth and expansion but also regulate a broad spectrum of cellular signals that instruct the differentiation of multiple T cell subsets. The realm of immunometabolism research is undergoing swift advancements. Encapsulating all the recent progress within this concise review in not possible. Instead, our objective is to provide a succinct introduction to this swiftly progressing research, concentrating on the metabolic intricacies of three pivotal nutrient classes-lipids, glucose, and amino acids-in T cells. We shed light on recent investigations elucidating the roles of these three groups of metabolites in mediating the metabolic and immune functions of T cells. Moreover, we delve into the prospect of "editing" metabolic pathways within T cells using pharmacological or genetic approaches, with the aim of synergizing this approach with existing immunotherapies and enhancing the efficacy of antitumor and antiinfection immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sicong Ma
- Key Laboratory of Immune Response and Immunotherapy, Center for Advanced Interdisciplinary Science and Biomedicine of IHM, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230601, China
| | - Yanan Ming
- Key Laboratory of Immune Response and Immunotherapy, Center for Advanced Interdisciplinary Science and Biomedicine of IHM, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230601, China
| | - Jingxia Wu
- Key Laboratory of Immune Response and Immunotherapy, Center for Advanced Interdisciplinary Science and Biomedicine of IHM, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230601, China.
| | - Guoliang Cui
- Key Laboratory of Immune Response and Immunotherapy, Center for Advanced Interdisciplinary Science and Biomedicine of IHM, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230601, China.
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3
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Feng J, Wang ZX, Bin JL, Chen YX, Ma J, Deng JH, Huang XW, Zhou J, Lu GD. Pharmacological approaches for targeting lysosomes to induce ferroptotic cell death in cancer. Cancer Lett 2024; 587:216728. [PMID: 38431036 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2024.216728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 02/10/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
Lysosomes are crucial organelles responsible for the degradation of cytosolic materials and bulky organelles, thereby facilitating nutrient recycling and cell survival. However, lysosome also acts as an executioner of cell death, including ferroptosis, a distinctive form of regulated cell death that hinges on iron-dependent phospholipid peroxidation. The initiation of ferroptosis necessitates three key components: substrates (membrane phospholipids enriched with polyunsaturated fatty acids), triggers (redox-active irons), and compromised defence mechanisms (GPX4-dependent and -independent antioxidant systems). Notably, iron assumes a pivotal role in ferroptotic cell death, particularly in the context of cancer, where iron and oncogenic signaling pathways reciprocally reinforce each other. Given the lysosomes' central role in iron metabolism, various strategies have been devised to harness lysosome-mediated iron metabolism to induce ferroptosis. These include the re-mobilization of iron from intracellular storage sites such as ferritin complex and mitochondria through ferritinophagy and mitophagy, respectively. Additionally, transcriptional regulation of lysosomal and autophagy genes by TFEB enhances lysosomal function. Moreover, the induction of lysosomal iron overload can lead to lysosomal membrane permeabilization and subsequent cell death. Extensive screening and individually studies have explored pharmacological interventions using clinically available drugs and phytochemical agents. Furthermore, a drug delivery system involving ferritin-coated nanoparticles has been specifically tailored to target cancer cells overexpressing TFRC. With the rapid advancements in understandings the mechanistic underpinnings of ferroptosis and iron metabolism, it is increasingly evident that lysosomes represent a promising target for inducing ferroptosis and combating cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Feng
- School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, PR China; Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Province, 530021, PR China
| | - Zi-Xuan Wang
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Province, 530021, PR China; School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, PR China
| | - Jin-Lian Bin
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Province, 530021, PR China
| | - Yong-Xin Chen
- Department of Physiology, School of Preclinical Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Province, 530021, PR China; Department of Physiology, School of Preclinical Medicine, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi Province, 530200, PR China
| | - Jing Ma
- Department of Physiology, School of Preclinical Medicine, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi Province, 530200, PR China
| | - Jing-Huan Deng
- Guangxi Colleges and Universities Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Highly Prevalent Diseases, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, PR China
| | - Xiao-Wei Huang
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Province, 530021, PR China
| | - Jing Zhou
- Department of Physiology, School of Preclinical Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Province, 530021, PR China.
| | - Guo-Dong Lu
- School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, PR China; Key Laboratory of Early Prevention and Treatment for Regional High Frequency Tumor (Guangxi Medical University), Ministry of Education, Guangxi Key Laboratory of High-Incidence-Tumor Prevention & Treatment (Guangxi Medical University), Nanning, Guangxi Province, 530021, PR China.
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4
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Ashoub MH, Razavi R, Heydaryan K, Salavati-Niasari M, Amiri M. Targeting ferroptosis for leukemia therapy: exploring novel strategies from its mechanisms and role in leukemia based on nanotechnology. Eur J Med Res 2024; 29:224. [PMID: 38594732 PMCID: PMC11003188 DOI: 10.1186/s40001-024-01822-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024] Open
Abstract
The latest findings in iron metabolism and the newly uncovered process of ferroptosis have paved the way for new potential strategies in anti-leukemia treatments. In the current project, we reviewed and summarized the current role of nanomedicine in the treatment and diagnosis of leukemia through a comparison made between traditional approaches applied in the treatment and diagnosis of leukemia via the existing investigations about the ferroptosis molecular mechanisms involved in various anti-tumor treatments. The application of nanotechnology and other novel technologies may provide a new direction in ferroptosis-driven leukemia therapies. The article explores the potential of targeting ferroptosis, a new form of regulated cell death, as a new therapeutic strategy for leukemia. It discusses the mechanisms of ferroptosis and its role in leukemia and how nanotechnology can enhance the delivery and efficacy of ferroptosis-inducing agents. The article not only highlights the promise of ferroptosis-targeted therapies and nanotechnology in revolutionizing leukemia treatment, but also calls for further research to overcome challenges and fully realize the clinical potential of this innovative approach. Finally, it discusses the challenges and opportunities in clinical applications of ferroptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Hossein Ashoub
- Department of Hematology and Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Allied Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
- Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Innovation Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Razieh Razavi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Jiroft, Jiroft, Iran
| | - Kamran Heydaryan
- Department of Medical Biochemical Analysis, Cihan University-Erbil, Kurdistan Region, Iraq
| | - Masoud Salavati-Niasari
- Institute of Nano Science and Nano Technology, University of Kashan, P.O. Box 87317-51167, Kashan, Iran
| | - Mahnaz Amiri
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Allied Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.
- Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Science, Kerman, Iran.
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5
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Wu Q, Carlos AR, Braza F, Bergman ML, Kitoko JZ, Bastos-Amador P, Cuadrado E, Martins R, Oliveira BS, Martins VC, Scicluna BP, Landry JJ, Jung FE, Ademolue TW, Peitzsch M, Almeida-Santos J, Thompson J, Cardoso S, Ventura P, Slot M, Rontogianni S, Ribeiro V, Domingues VDS, Cabral IA, Weis S, Groth M, Ameneiro C, Fidalgo M, Wang F, Demengeot J, Amsen D, Soares MP. Ferritin heavy chain supports stability and function of the regulatory T cell lineage. EMBO J 2024; 43:1445-1483. [PMID: 38499786 PMCID: PMC11021483 DOI: 10.1038/s44318-024-00064-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Revised: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Regulatory T (TREG) cells develop via a program orchestrated by the transcription factor forkhead box protein P3 (FOXP3). Maintenance of the TREG cell lineage relies on sustained FOXP3 transcription via a mechanism involving demethylation of cytosine-phosphate-guanine (CpG)-rich elements at conserved non-coding sequences (CNS) in the FOXP3 locus. This cytosine demethylation is catalyzed by the ten-eleven translocation (TET) family of dioxygenases, and it involves a redox reaction that uses iron (Fe) as an essential cofactor. Here, we establish that human and mouse TREG cells express Fe-regulatory genes, including that encoding ferritin heavy chain (FTH), at relatively high levels compared to conventional T helper cells. We show that FTH expression in TREG cells is essential for immune homeostasis. Mechanistically, FTH supports TET-catalyzed demethylation of CpG-rich sequences CNS1 and 2 in the FOXP3 locus, thereby promoting FOXP3 transcription and TREG cell stability. This process, which is essential for TREG lineage stability and function, limits the severity of autoimmune neuroinflammation and infectious diseases, and favors tumor progression. These findings suggest that the regulation of intracellular iron by FTH is a stable property of TREG cells that supports immune homeostasis and limits the pathological outcomes of immune-mediated inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Wu
- Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência, Oeiras, Portugal
- International Institutes of Medicine, the Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, School of Medicine, Yiwu, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ana Rita Carlos
- Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência, Oeiras, Portugal
- Departamento de Biologia Animal, Centro de Ecologia, Evolução e Alterações Ambientais, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Faouzi Braza
- Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência, Oeiras, Portugal
| | | | | | | | - Eloy Cuadrado
- Department of Hematopoiesis and Department of Immunopathology, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Rui Martins
- Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência, Oeiras, Portugal
| | | | | | - Brendon P Scicluna
- Department of Applied Biomedical Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, Mater Dei Hospital, and Centre for Molecular Medicine and Biobanking, University of Malta, Msida, Malta
| | - Jonathan Jm Landry
- Genomic Core Facility, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ferris E Jung
- Genomic Core Facility, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Mirko Peitzsch
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Clinic Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | - Manon Slot
- Department of Hematopoiesis and Department of Immunopathology, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Stamatia Rontogianni
- Department of Hematopoiesis and Department of Immunopathology, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Vanessa Ribeiro
- Departamento de Biologia Animal, Centro de Ecologia, Evolução e Alterações Ambientais, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | | | | | - Sebastian Weis
- Department for Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich-Schiller University, Jena, Germany
- Institute for Infectious Disease and Infection Control, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich-Schiller University, Jena, Germany
- Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology, Hans-Knöll Institute-HKI, Jena, Germany
| | - Marco Groth
- Leibniz Institute on Aging-Fritz Lipmann Institute, Jena, Germany
| | - Cristina Ameneiro
- Center for Research in Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CiMUS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela-Health Research Institute (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Miguel Fidalgo
- Center for Research in Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CiMUS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela-Health Research Institute (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Fudi Wang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Public Health, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | | | - Derk Amsen
- Department of Hematopoiesis and Department of Immunopathology, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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6
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Yabaji SM, Zhernovkov V, Araveti PB, Lata S, Rukhlenko OS, Abdullatif SA, Alekseev Y, Ma Q, Dayama G, Lau NC, Bishai WR, Crossland NA, Campbell JD, Kholodenko BN, Gimelbrant AA, Kobzik L, Kramnik I. Myc Dysregulation in Activated Macrophages Initiates Iron-Mediated Lipid Peroxidation that Fuels Type I Interferon and Compromises TB Resistance. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.03.05.583602. [PMID: 38496444 PMCID: PMC10942339 DOI: 10.1101/2024.03.05.583602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
A quarter of human population is infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis, but less than 10% of those infected develop clinical, mostly pulmonary, TB. To dissect mechanisms of susceptibility in immunocompetent individuals, we developed a genetically defined sst1-susceptible mouse model that uniquely reproduces a defining feature of human TB: development of necrotic lung lesions after infection with virulent Mtb. In this study, we explored the connectivity of the sst1-regulated pathways during prolonged macrophage activation with TNF. We determined that the aberrant response of the sst1-susceptible macrophages to TNF was primarily driven by conflicting Myc and antioxidant response pathways that resulted in a coordinated failure to properly sequester intracellular iron and activate ferroptosis inhibitor enzymes. Consequently, iron-mediated lipid peroxidation fueled IFNβ superinduction and sustained the Type I Interferon (IFN-I) pathway hyperactivity that locked the sst1-susceptible macrophages in a state of unresolving stress and compromised their resistance to Mtb. The accumulation of the aberrantly activated, stressed, macrophages within granuloma microenvironment led to the local failure of anti-tuberculosis immunity and tissue necrosis. Our findings suggest a novel link between metabolic dysregulation in macrophages and susceptibility to TB, offering insights into potential therapeutic targets aimed at modulating macrophage function and improving TB control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shivraj M. Yabaji
- The National Emerging Infectious Diseases Laboratory, Boston University, Boston, MA
| | - Vadim Zhernovkov
- Systems Biology Ireland, School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | | | - Suruchi Lata
- The National Emerging Infectious Diseases Laboratory, Boston University, Boston, MA
| | - Oleksii S. Rukhlenko
- Systems Biology Ireland, School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Salam Al Abdullatif
- Department of Medicine, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA
| | - Yuriy Alekseev
- The Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118
| | - Qicheng Ma
- Department of Biochemistry, and Cell Biology and Genome Science Institute, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine
| | - Gargi Dayama
- Department of Biochemistry, and Cell Biology and Genome Science Institute, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine
| | - Nelson C. Lau
- The National Emerging Infectious Diseases Laboratory, Boston University, Boston, MA
- Department of Biochemistry, and Cell Biology and Genome Science Institute, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine
| | - William R. Bishai
- Center for TB Research, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Nicholas A. Crossland
- The National Emerging Infectious Diseases Laboratory, Boston University, Boston, MA
- The Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118
| | - Joshua D. Campbell
- Department of Medicine, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA
| | - Boris N. Kholodenko
- Systems Biology Ireland, School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland
- Conway Institute of Biomolecular & Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland
- Department of Pharmacology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven CT, USA
| | | | | | - Igor Kramnik
- The National Emerging Infectious Diseases Laboratory, Boston University, Boston, MA
- Pulmonary Center, The Department of Medicine, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine
- Dept. of Microbiology, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine
- Lead contact
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7
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Liu YC, Gong YT, Sun QY, Wang B, Yan Y, Chen YX, Zhang LJ, Zhang WD, Luan X. Ferritinophagy induced ferroptosis in the management of cancer. Cell Oncol (Dordr) 2024; 47:19-35. [PMID: 37713105 DOI: 10.1007/s13402-023-00858-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ferroptosis, a newly form of regulated cell death (RCD), is characterized by iron dyshomeostasis and unrestricted lipid peroxidation. Emerging evidence depicts a pivotal role for ferroptosis in driving some pathological processes, especially in cancer. Triggering ferroptosis can suppress tumor growth and induce an anti-tumor immune response, denoting the therapeutic promises for targeting ferroptosis in the management of cancer. As an autophagic phenomenon, ferritinophagy is critical to induce ferroptosis by degradation of ferritin to release intracellular free iron. Recently, a great deal of effort has gone into designing and developing anti-cancer strategies based on targeting ferritinophagy to induce ferroptosis. CONCLUSION This review delineates the regulatory mechanism of ferritinophagy firstly and summarizes the role of ferritinophagy-induced ferroptosis in cancer. Moreover, the strategies targeting ferritinophagy to induce ferroptosis are highlighted to unveil the therapeutic value of ferritinophagy as a target to manage cancer. Finally, the future research directions on how to cope with the challenges in developing ferritinophagy promoters into clinical therapeutics are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Chen Liu
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of TCM Chemical Biology, Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Yi-Ting Gong
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of TCM Chemical Biology, Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Qing-Yan Sun
- Shanghai Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Bei Wang
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of TCM Chemical Biology, Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Yue Yan
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of TCM Chemical Biology, Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Yi-Xu Chen
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of TCM Chemical Biology, Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Li-Jun Zhang
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of TCM Chemical Biology, Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China.
| | - Wei-Dong Zhang
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of TCM Chemical Biology, Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China.
| | - Xin Luan
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of TCM Chemical Biology, Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China.
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Deshpande R, Li W, Li T, Fanning KV, Clemens Z, Nyunoya T, Zhang L, Deslouches B, Barchowsky A, Wenzel S, McDyer JF, Zou C. SARS-CoV-2 Accessory Protein Orf7b Induces Lung Injury via c-Myc Mediated Apoptosis and Ferroptosis. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1157. [PMID: 38256231 PMCID: PMC10816122 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25021157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
The pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has been the foremost modern global public health challenge. The airway is the primary target in severe acute respiratory distress syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection, with substantial cell death and lung injury being signature hallmarks of exposure. The viral factors that contribute to cell death and lung injury remain incompletely understood. Thus, this study investigated the role of open reading frame 7b (Orf7b), an accessory protein of the virus, in causing lung injury. In screening viral proteins, we identified Orf7b as one of the major viral factors that mediates lung epithelial cell death. Overexpression of Orf7b leads to apoptosis and ferroptosis in lung epithelial cells, and inhibitors of apoptosis and ferroptosis ablate Orf7b-induced cell death. Orf7b upregulates the transcription regulator, c-Myc, which is integral in the activation of lung cell death pathways. Depletion of c-Myc alleviates both apoptotic and ferroptotic cell deaths and lung injury in mouse models. Our study suggests a major role of Orf7b in the cell death and lung injury attributable to COVID-19 exposure, supporting it as a potential therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rushikesh Deshpande
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA; (R.D.); (B.D.); (A.B.); (S.W.)
| | - Wangyang Li
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA (K.V.F.); (T.N.); (L.Z.); (J.F.M.)
| | - Tiao Li
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA (K.V.F.); (T.N.); (L.Z.); (J.F.M.)
| | - Kristen V. Fanning
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA (K.V.F.); (T.N.); (L.Z.); (J.F.M.)
| | - Zachary Clemens
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA; (R.D.); (B.D.); (A.B.); (S.W.)
| | - Toru Nyunoya
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA (K.V.F.); (T.N.); (L.Z.); (J.F.M.)
| | - Lianghui Zhang
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA (K.V.F.); (T.N.); (L.Z.); (J.F.M.)
- Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Berthony Deslouches
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA; (R.D.); (B.D.); (A.B.); (S.W.)
| | - Aaron Barchowsky
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA; (R.D.); (B.D.); (A.B.); (S.W.)
| | - Sally Wenzel
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA; (R.D.); (B.D.); (A.B.); (S.W.)
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA (K.V.F.); (T.N.); (L.Z.); (J.F.M.)
| | - John F. McDyer
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA (K.V.F.); (T.N.); (L.Z.); (J.F.M.)
| | - Chunbin Zou
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA; (R.D.); (B.D.); (A.B.); (S.W.)
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA (K.V.F.); (T.N.); (L.Z.); (J.F.M.)
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Firouzjaei AA, Aghaee-Bakhtiari SH, Tafti A, Sharifi K, Abadi MHJN, Rezaei S, Mohammadi-Yeganeh S. Impact of curcumin on ferroptosis-related genes in colorectal cancer: Insights from in-silico and in-vitro studies. Cell Biochem Funct 2023; 41:1488-1502. [PMID: 38014635 DOI: 10.1002/cbf.3889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 11/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is responsible for a significant number of cancer-related fatalities worldwide. Researchers are investigating the therapeutic potential of ferroptosis, a type of iron-dependent controlled cell death, in the context of CRC. Curcumin, a natural compound found in turmeric, exhibits anticancer properties. This study explores the effects of curcumin on genes related to ferroptosis (FRGs) in CRC. To gather CRC data, we used the Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis (GEPIA) and Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) databases, while FRGs were obtained from the FerrDb database and PubMed. We identified 739 CRC differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in CRC and discovered 39 genes that were common genes between FRGs and CRC DEGs. The DEGs related to ferroptosis were enriched with various biological processes and molecular functions, including the regulation of signal transduction and glucose metabolism. Using the Drug Gene Interaction Database (DGIdb), we predicted drugs targeting CRC-DEGs and identified 17 potential drug targets. Additionally, we identified eight essential proteins related to ferroptosis in CRC, including MYC, IL1B, and SLC1A5. Survival analysis revealed that alterations in gene expression of CDC25A, DDR2, FABP4, IL1B, SNCA, and TFAM were associated with prognosis in CRC patients. In SW480 human CRC cells, treatment with curcumin decreased the expression of MYC, IL1B, and EZH2 mRNA, while simultaneously increasing the expression of SLCA5 and CAV1. The findings of this study suggest that curcumin could regulate FRGs in CRC and have the potential to be utilized as a therapeutic agent for treating CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Ahmadizad Firouzjaei
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Hamid Aghaee-Bakhtiari
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Nanotechnology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Bioinformatics Research Group, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Ali Tafti
- Department of Biotechnology and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran
| | - Kazem Sharifi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Samaneh Rezaei
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Nanotechnology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Samira Mohammadi-Yeganeh
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Medical Nanothechnology and Tissue Engineering Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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10
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Deng Z, Richardson DR. The Myc Family and the Metastasis Suppressor NDRG1: Targeting Key Molecular Interactions with Innovative Therapeutics. Pharmacol Rev 2023; 75:1007-1035. [PMID: 37280098 DOI: 10.1124/pharmrev.122.000795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 05/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a leading cause of death worldwide, resulting in ∼10 million deaths in 2020. Major oncogenic effectors are the Myc proto-oncogene family, which consists of three members including c-Myc, N-Myc, and L-Myc. As a pertinent example of the role of the Myc family in tumorigenesis, amplification of MYCN in childhood neuroblastoma strongly correlates with poor patient prognosis. Complexes between Myc oncoproteins and their partners such as hypoxia-inducible factor-1α and Myc-associated protein X (MAX) result in proliferation arrest and pro-proliferative effects, respectively. Interactions with other proteins are also important for N-Myc activity. For instance, the enhancer of zest homolog 2 (EZH2) binds directly to N-Myc to stabilize it by acting as a competitor against the ubiquitin ligase, SCFFBXW7, which prevents proteasomal degradation. Heat shock protein 90 may also be involved in N-Myc stabilization since it binds to EZH2 and prevents its degradation. N-Myc downstream-regulated gene 1 (NDRG1) is downregulated by N-Myc and participates in the regulation of cellular proliferation via associating with other proteins, such as glycogen synthase kinase-3β and low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 6. These molecular interactions provide a better understanding of the biologic roles of N-Myc and NDRG1, which can be potentially used as therapeutic targets. In addition to directly targeting these proteins, disrupting their key interactions may also be a promising strategy for anti-cancer drug development. This review examines the interactions between the Myc proteins and other molecules, with a special focus on the relationship between N-Myc and NDRG1 and possible therapeutic interventions. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Neuroblastoma is one of the most common childhood solid tumors, with a dismal five-year survival rate. This problem makes it imperative to discover new and more effective therapeutics. The molecular interactions between major oncogenic drivers of the Myc family and other key proteins; for example, the metastasis suppressor, NDRG1, may potentially be used as targets for anti-neuroblastoma drug development. In addition to directly targeting these proteins, disrupting their key molecular interactions may also be promising for drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao Deng
- Centre for Cancer Cell Biology and Drug Discovery, Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Nathan, Australia (Z.D., D.R.R.), and Department of Pathology and Biological Responses, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan (D.R.R.)
| | - Des R Richardson
- Centre for Cancer Cell Biology and Drug Discovery, Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Nathan, Australia (Z.D., D.R.R.), and Department of Pathology and Biological Responses, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan (D.R.R.)
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11
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Shesh BP, Connor JR. A novel view of ferritin in cancer. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2023; 1878:188917. [PMID: 37209958 PMCID: PMC10330744 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2023.188917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 05/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Since its discovery more than 85 years ago, ferritin has principally been known as an iron storage protein. However, new roles, beyond iron storage, are being uncovered. Novel processes involving ferritin such as ferritinophagy and ferroptosis and as a cellular iron delivery protein not only expand our thinking on the range of contributions of this protein but present an opportunity to target these pathways in cancers. The key question we focus on within this review is whether ferritin modulation represents a useful approach for treating cancers. We discussed novel functions and processes of this protein in cancers. We are not limiting this review to cell intrinsic modulation of ferritin in cancers, but also focus on its utility in the trojan horse approach in cancer therapeutics. The novel functions of ferritin as discussed herein realize the multiple roles of ferritin in cell biology that can be probed for therapeutic opportunities and further research.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - James R Connor
- Department of Neurosurgery, Penn State Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA, USA.
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12
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Swahn H, Olmer M, Lotz MK. RNA-binding proteins that are highly expressed and enriched in healthy cartilage but suppressed in osteoarthritis. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1208315. [PMID: 37457300 PMCID: PMC10349536 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1208315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives: RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) have diverse and essential biological functions, but their role in cartilage health and disease is largely unknown. The objectives of this study were (i) map the global landscape of RBPs expressed and enriched in healthy cartilage and dysregulated in osteoarthritis (OA); (ii) prioritize RBPs for their potential role in cartilage and in OA pathogenesis and as therapeutic targets. Methods: Our published bulk RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) data of healthy and OA human cartilage, and a census of 1,542 RBPs were utilized to identify RBPs that are expressed in healthy cartilage and differentially expressed (DE) in OA. Next, our comparison of healthy cartilage RNA-seq data to 37 transcriptomes in the Genotype-Tissue Expression (GTEx) database was used to determine RBPs that are enriched in cartilage. Finally, expression of RBPs was analyzed in our single cell RNA-sequencing (scRNA-seq) data from healthy and OA human cartilage. Results: Expression of RBPs was higher than nonRBPs in healthy cartilage. In OA cartilage, 188 RBPs were differentially expressed, with a greater proportion downregulated. Ribosome biogenesis was enriched in the upregulated RBPs, while splicing and transport were enriched in the downregulated. To further prioritize RBPs, we selected the top 10% expressed RBPs in healthy cartilage and those that were cartilage-enriched according to GTEx. Intersecting these criteria, we identified Tetrachlorodibenzodioxin (TCDD) Inducible Poly (ADP-Ribose) Polymerase (TIPARP) as a candidate RBP. TIPARP was downregulated in OA. scRNA-seq data revealed TIPARP was most significantly downregulated in the "pathogenic cluster". Conclusion: Our global analyses reveal expression patterns of RBPs in healthy and OA cartilage. We also identified TIPARP and other RBPs as novel mediators in OA pathogenesis and as potential therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Martin K. Lotz
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Scripps Research, La Jolla, CA, United States
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13
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The Role of Chosen Essential Elements (Zn, Cu, Se, Fe, Mn) in Food for Special Medical Purposes (FSMPs) Dedicated to Oncology Patients-Critical Review: State-of-the-Art. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15041012. [PMID: 36839370 PMCID: PMC9961387 DOI: 10.3390/nu15041012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Revised: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The scoping review aimed to characterise the role of selected essential elements (Zn, Cu, Se, Fe, Mn) in food for special medical purposes (FSMPs) aimed at oncology patients. The scope review was conducted using Scopus, Google Scholar, and Web of Science to find published references on this subject. Data from the reviewed literature were related to the physiological functions of the element in the body, and the effects of deficiencies and excesses, referring to the latest ESPEN and EFSA guidelines, among others. Important dietary indices/parameters based on the literature review are provided for each element. On the basis of the literature, data on the level of elements in patients with cancer were collected. The content of these elements in 100 mL of FSMPs was read from the manufacturers' declarations. The literature has been provided on the importance of each element in cancer. Our findings show that the essential elements (Zn, Cu, Se, Fe, and Mn) of FSMPs for cancer patients are not adequately treated. We suggest solutions to ensure the safe use of FSMPs in oncology patients.
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14
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Huang L, Li W, Lu Y, Ju Q, Ouyang M. Iron metabolism in colorectal cancer. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1098501. [PMID: 36910614 PMCID: PMC9992732 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1098501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Iron, as one of the essential trace elements in the human body, is involved in a wide range of critical biochemical reactions and physiological processes, including the maintenance of the normal cell cycle, mitochondrial function, nucleotide metabolism, and immune response. In this context, iron is naturally associated with cancer occurrence. Cellular iron deficiency can induce apoptosis, however, iron can also engage in potentially harmful reactions that produce free radicals because of its capacity to gain and lose electrons. Studies suggest that dietary iron, particularly heme iron, may be one of the leading causes of colorectal cancer (CRC). Moreover, patients with CRC have abnormal iron absorption, storage, utilization, and exportation. Therefore, iron is crucial for the development and progression of CRC. Elaborating on the alterations in iron metabolism during the onset and advancement of CRC would help to further explain the role and mechanism of iron inside the body. Thus, we reviewed the alterations in numerous iron metabolism-related molecules and their roles in CRC, which may provide new clues between iron metabolism and CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luji Huang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Shunde Hospital, Southern Medical University (The First People's Hospital of Shunde Foshan), Foshan, Guangdong, China.,The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Wangji Li
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Shunde Hospital, Southern Medical University (The First People's Hospital of Shunde Foshan), Foshan, Guangdong, China.,The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yan Lu
- Good Clinical Practice (GCP) Center, Shunde Hospital, Southern Medical University (The First People's Hospital of Shunde Foshan), Guangdong, China
| | - Qinuo Ju
- Guangdong Country Garden School, Shunde, Foshan, Guangdong, China
| | - Manzhao Ouyang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Shunde Hospital, Southern Medical University (The First People's Hospital of Shunde Foshan), Foshan, Guangdong, China
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15
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Aberrant expression of KDM1A inhibits ferroptosis of lung cancer cells through up-regulating c-Myc. Sci Rep 2022; 12:19168. [PMID: 36357457 PMCID: PMC9649633 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-23699-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Ferroptosis is a cell death process caused by metabolic dysfunction with the feature of aberrant iron accumulation. Emerging studies have identified that ferroptosis is an important biological function involving in the tumorigenesis, and targeting ferroptosis could provide promising therapeutic targets for lung cancer. However, such therapeutic strategies show limited therapeutic effect owing to drug resistance and other unknown underlying mechanisms. In this study, lysine-specific demethylase 1 (LSD1/KDM1A) was found to be significantly upregulated in lung cancer cells and tissues. The patients with KDM1A downregulation displayed the good prognosis. Using gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA), we demonstrated that KDM1A-associated genes might participate in the regulation of cell ferroptosis and Myc signaling in lung cancer. Knockdown of KDM1A inhibited the level of c-Myc and increased the concentration of malondialdehyde (MDA) and irons in human lung cancer cells H1299 and A549. Downregulation of c-Myc could facilitate KDM1A knockdown-mediated ferroptosis. Our study has elucidated the effect of KDM1A/c-Myc regulatory axis in the ferroptosis resistance of lung cancer cells.
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16
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QU L, HE X, TANG Q, FAN X, LIU J, LIN A. Iron metabolism, ferroptosis, and lncRNA in cancer: knowns and unknowns. J Zhejiang Univ Sci B 2022; 23:844-862. [PMID: 36226538 PMCID: PMC9561407 DOI: 10.1631/jzus.b2200194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Cancer cells undergo substantial metabolic alterations to sustain increased energy supply and uncontrolled proliferation. As an essential trace element, iron is vital for many biological processes. Evidence has revealed that cancer cells deploy various mechanisms to elevate the cellular iron concentration to accelerate proliferation. Ferroptosis, a form of cell death caused by iron-catalyzed excessive peroxidation of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), is a promising therapeutic target for therapy-resistant cancers. Previous studies have reported that long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) is a group of critical regulators involved in modulating cell metabolism, proliferation, apoptosis, and ferroptosis. In this review, we summarize the associations among iron metabolism, ferroptosis, and ferroptosis-related lncRNA in tumorigenesis. This information will help deepen understanding of the role of lncRNA in iron metabolism and raise the possibility of targeting lncRNA and ferroptosis in cancer combination therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei QU
- MOE Laboratory of Biosystem Homeostasis and Protection, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou310058, China,Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou310058, China,Key Laboratory for Cell and Gene Engineering of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou310058, China
| | - Xinyu HE
- MOE Laboratory of Biosystem Homeostasis and Protection, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou310058, China,Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou310058, China,Key Laboratory for Cell and Gene Engineering of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou310058, China
| | - Qian TANG
- Zhejiang University-University of Edinburgh Institute (ZJU-UoE Institute), Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Haining314400, China,Key Laboratory of Clinical Cancer Pharmacology and Toxicology Research of Zhejiang Province, Affiliated Hangzhou First People’s Hospital, Cancer Center, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou310006, China,College of Medicine and Veterinary Medicine, the University of Edinburgh, EdinburghEH16 4SB, UK,Biomedical and Health Translational Research Center of Zhejiang Province, Haining314400, China
| | - Xiao FAN
- MOE Laboratory of Biosystem Homeostasis and Protection, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou310058, China,Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou310058, China,Key Laboratory for Cell and Gene Engineering of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou310058, China
| | - Jian LIU
- Zhejiang University-University of Edinburgh Institute (ZJU-UoE Institute), Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Haining314400, China,Key Laboratory of Clinical Cancer Pharmacology and Toxicology Research of Zhejiang Province, Affiliated Hangzhou First People’s Hospital, Cancer Center, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou310006, China,College of Medicine and Veterinary Medicine, the University of Edinburgh, EdinburghEH16 4SB, UK,Biomedical and Health Translational Research Center of Zhejiang Province, Haining314400, China,Jian LIU,
| | - Aifu LIN
- MOE Laboratory of Biosystem Homeostasis and Protection, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou310058, China,Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou310058, China,Key Laboratory for Cell and Gene Engineering of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou310058, China,Breast Center of the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou310003, China,International School of Medicine, International Institutes of Medicine, the Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Yiwu322000, China,ZJU-QILU Joint Research Institute, Hangzhou310058, China,Aifu LIN,
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17
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Ravichandran M, Hu J, Cai C, Ward NP, Venida A, Foakes C, Kuljanin M, Yang A, Hennessey CJ, Yang Y, Desousa BR, Rademaker G, Staes AA, Cakir Z, Jain IH, Aguirre AJ, Mancias JD, Shen Y, DeNicola GM, Perera RM. Coordinated Transcriptional and Catabolic Programs Support Iron-Dependent Adaptation to RAS-MAPK Pathway Inhibition in Pancreatic Cancer. Cancer Discov 2022; 12:2198-2219. [PMID: 35771494 PMCID: PMC9444964 DOI: 10.1158/2159-8290.cd-22-0044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Revised: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The mechanisms underlying metabolic adaptation of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDA) cells to pharmacologic inhibition of RAS-MAPK signaling are largely unknown. Using transcriptome and chromatin immunoprecipitation profiling of PDA cells treated with the MEK inhibitor (MEKi) trametinib, we identify transcriptional antagonism between c-MYC and the master transcription factors for lysosome gene expression, the MiT/TFE proteins. Under baseline conditions, c-MYC and MiT/TFE factors compete for binding to lysosome gene promoters to fine-tune gene expression. Treatment of PDA cells or patient organoids with MEKi leads to c-MYC downregulation and increased MiT/TFE-dependent lysosome biogenesis. Quantitative proteomics of immunopurified lysosomes uncovered reliance on ferritinophagy, the selective degradation of the iron storage complex ferritin, in MEKi-treated cells. Ferritinophagy promotes mitochondrial iron-sulfur cluster protein synthesis and enhanced mitochondrial respiration. Accordingly, suppressing iron utilization sensitizes PDA cells to MEKi, highlighting a critical and targetable reliance on lysosome-dependent iron supply during adaptation to KRAS-MAPK inhibition. SIGNIFICANCE Reduced c-MYC levels following MAPK pathway suppression facilitate the upregulation of autophagy and lysosome biogenesis. Increased autophagy-lysosome activity is required for increased ferritinophagy-mediated iron supply, which supports mitochondrial respiration under therapy stress. Disruption of ferritinophagy synergizes with KRAS-MAPK inhibition and blocks PDA growth, thus highlighting a key targetable metabolic dependency. See related commentary by Jain and Amaravadi, p. 2023. See related article by Santana-Codina et al., p. 2180. This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 2007.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirunalini Ravichandran
- Department of Anatomy, Department of Pathology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Jingjie Hu
- Department of Anatomy, Department of Pathology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Charles Cai
- Department of Neurology, Institute for Human Genetics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Nathan P. Ward
- Department of Cancer Physiology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Anthony Venida
- Department of Anatomy, Department of Pathology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Callum Foakes
- Department of Anatomy, Department of Pathology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Miljan Kuljanin
- Division of Radiation and Genome Stability, Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Annan Yang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Connor J. Hennessey
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of Anatomy, Department of Pathology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Brandon R. Desousa
- Department of Biochemistry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- Gladstone Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Gilles Rademaker
- Department of Anatomy, Department of Pathology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Annelot A.L. Staes
- Department of Anatomy, Department of Pathology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Zeynep Cakir
- Department of Anatomy, Department of Pathology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Isha H. Jain
- Department of Biochemistry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- Gladstone Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Andrew J. Aguirre
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
| | - Joseph D. Mancias
- Division of Radiation and Genome Stability, Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Yin Shen
- Department of Neurology, Institute for Human Genetics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Gina M. DeNicola
- Department of Cancer Physiology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Rushika M. Perera
- Department of Anatomy, Department of Pathology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
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18
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Abedi M, Rahgozar S. Puzzling Out Iron Complications in Cancer Drug Resistance. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2022; 178:103772. [PMID: 35914667 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2022.103772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2022] [Revised: 07/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Iron metabolism are frequently disrupted in cancer. Patients with cancer are prone to anemia and receive transfusions frequently; the condition which results in iron overload, contributing to serious therapeutic complications. Iron is introduced as a carcinogen that may increase tumor growth. However, investigations regarding its impact on response to chemotherapy, particularly the induction of drug resistance are still limited. Here, iron contribution to cell signaling and various molecular mechanisms underlying iron-mediated drug resistance are described. A dual role of this vital element in cancer treatment is also addressed. On one hand, the need to administer iron chelators to surmount iron overload and improve the sensitivity of tumor cells to chemotherapy is discussed. On the other hand, the necessary application of iron as a therapeutic option by iron-oxide nanoparticles or ferroptosis inducers is explained. Authors hope that this paper can help unravel the clinical complications related to iron in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marjan Abedi
- Department of Cell and Molecular biology & Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Science and Technology, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran.
| | - Soheila Rahgozar
- Department of Cell and Molecular biology & Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Science and Technology, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran.
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19
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Feng B, Wang K, Wang Z, Niu H, Wang G, Chen Y, Zhang H. Mitochondrial-Targeted Ratiometric Fluorescent Probe to Monitor ClO - Induced by Ferroptosis in Living Cells. Front Chem 2022; 10:909670. [PMID: 35755249 PMCID: PMC9218690 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2022.909670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Ferroptosis is a type of iron-dependent programmed cell death. Once such kind of death occurs, an individual cell would undergo a series of changes related to reactive oxygen species (ROS) in mitochondria. A mitochondrial-targeted ratiometric fluorescent probe (MBI-OMe) was developed to specifically detect ferroptosis-induced ClO−, whose recognition group is p-methoxyphenol, and the mitochondrial-targeted group is benzimidazole. The fluorescence of MBI-OMe was first quenched by 30 μM of Fe3+, and then MBI-OMe appeared as a ratiometric signal at 477 nm and 392 nm in response to ferroptosis-induced ClO− in living cells. MBI-OMe was successfully used to evaluate changes in ClO− induced by ferroptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beidou Feng
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Kui Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Zhe Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Huiyu Niu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Ge Wang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Yuehua Chen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Hua Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, China
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20
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Njomen E, Vanecek A, Lansdell TA, Yang YT, Schall PZ, Harris CM, Bernard MP, Isaac D, Alkharabsheh O, Al-Janadi A, Giletto MB, Ellsworth E, Taylor C, Tang T, Lau S, Bailie M, Bernard JJ, Yuzbasiyan-Gurkan V, Tepe JJ. Small Molecule 20S Proteasome Enhancer Regulates MYC Protein Stability and Exhibits Antitumor Activity in Multiple Myeloma. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10050938. [PMID: 35625675 PMCID: PMC9138505 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10050938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Revised: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite the addition of several new agents to the armamentarium for the treatment of multiple myeloma (MM) in the last decade and improvements in outcomes, the refractory and relapsing disease continues to take a great toll, limiting overall survival. Therefore, additional novel approaches are needed to improve outcomes for MM patients. The oncogenic transcription factor MYC drives cell growth, differentiation and tumor development in many cancers. MYC protein levels are tightly regulated by the proteasome and an increase in MYC protein expression is found in more than 70% of all human cancers, including MM. In addition to the ubiquitin-dependent degradation of MYC by the 26S proteasome, MYC levels are also regulated in a ubiquitin-independent manner through the REGγ activation of the 20S proteasome. Here, we demonstrate that a small molecule activator of the 20S proteasome, TCH-165, decreases MYC protein levels, in a manner that parallels REGγ protein-mediated MYC degradation. TCH-165 enhances MYC degradation and reduces cancer cell growth in vitro and in vivo models of multiple myeloma by enhancing apoptotic signaling, as assessed by targeted gene expression analysis of cancer pathways. Furthermore, 20S proteasome enhancement is well tolerated in mice and dogs. These data support the therapeutic potential of small molecule-driven 20S proteasome activation for the treatments of MYC-driven cancers, especially MM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evert Njomen
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA; (E.N.); (A.V.); (C.M.H.)
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA; (T.A.L.); (M.P.B.); (M.B.G.); (E.E.); (M.B.); (J.J.B.)
| | - Allison Vanecek
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA; (E.N.); (A.V.); (C.M.H.)
| | - Theresa A. Lansdell
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA; (T.A.L.); (M.P.B.); (M.B.G.); (E.E.); (M.B.); (J.J.B.)
| | - Ya-Ting Yang
- Comparative Medicine and Integrative Biology Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA; (Y.-T.Y.); (P.Z.S.)
| | - Peter Z. Schall
- Comparative Medicine and Integrative Biology Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA; (Y.-T.Y.); (P.Z.S.)
| | - Christi M. Harris
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA; (E.N.); (A.V.); (C.M.H.)
| | - Matthew P. Bernard
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA; (T.A.L.); (M.P.B.); (M.B.G.); (E.E.); (M.B.); (J.J.B.)
| | - Daniel Isaac
- Breslin Cancer Center, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Michigan State University, Lansing, MI 48910, USA; (D.I.); (O.A.); (A.A.-J.)
| | - Omar Alkharabsheh
- Breslin Cancer Center, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Michigan State University, Lansing, MI 48910, USA; (D.I.); (O.A.); (A.A.-J.)
| | - Anas Al-Janadi
- Breslin Cancer Center, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Michigan State University, Lansing, MI 48910, USA; (D.I.); (O.A.); (A.A.-J.)
| | - Matthew B. Giletto
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA; (T.A.L.); (M.P.B.); (M.B.G.); (E.E.); (M.B.); (J.J.B.)
| | - Edmund Ellsworth
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA; (T.A.L.); (M.P.B.); (M.B.G.); (E.E.); (M.B.); (J.J.B.)
| | - Catherine Taylor
- Department of Biology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada; (C.T.); (T.T.); (S.L.)
| | - Terence Tang
- Department of Biology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada; (C.T.); (T.T.); (S.L.)
| | - Sarah Lau
- Department of Biology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada; (C.T.); (T.T.); (S.L.)
| | - Marc Bailie
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA; (T.A.L.); (M.P.B.); (M.B.G.); (E.E.); (M.B.); (J.J.B.)
| | - Jamie J. Bernard
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA; (T.A.L.); (M.P.B.); (M.B.G.); (E.E.); (M.B.); (J.J.B.)
| | - Vilma Yuzbasiyan-Gurkan
- Comparative Medicine and Integrative Biology Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA; (Y.-T.Y.); (P.Z.S.)
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
- Correspondence: (V.Y.-G.); (J.J.T.)
| | - Jetze J. Tepe
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA; (E.N.); (A.V.); (C.M.H.)
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA; (T.A.L.); (M.P.B.); (M.B.G.); (E.E.); (M.B.); (J.J.B.)
- Correspondence: (V.Y.-G.); (J.J.T.)
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21
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Zille M, Oses-Prieto JA, Savage SR, Karuppagounder SS, Chen Y, Kumar A, Morris JH, Scheidt KA, Burlingame AL, Ratan RR. Hemin-Induced Death Models Hemorrhagic Stroke and Is a Variant of Classical Neuronal Ferroptosis. J Neurosci 2022; 42:2065-2079. [PMID: 34987108 PMCID: PMC8916756 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.0923-20.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2020] [Revised: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Ferroptosis is a caspase-independent, iron-dependent form of regulated necrosis extant in traumatic brain injury, Huntington disease, and hemorrhagic stroke. It can be activated by cystine deprivation leading to glutathione depletion, the insufficiency of the antioxidant glutathione peroxidase-4, and the hemolysis products hemoglobin and hemin. A cardinal feature of ferroptosis is extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)1/2 activation culminating in its translocation to the nucleus. We have previously confirmed that the mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase kinase (MEK) inhibitor U0126 inhibits persistent ERK1/2 phosphorylation and ferroptosis. Here, we show that hemin exposure, a model of secondary injury in brain hemorrhage and ferroptosis, activated ERK1/2 in mouse neurons. Accordingly, MEK inhibitor U0126 protected against hemin-induced ferroptosis. Unexpectedly, U0126 prevented hemin-induced ferroptosis independent of its ability to inhibit ERK1/2 signaling. In contrast to classical ferroptosis in neurons or cancer cells, chemically diverse inhibitors of MEK did not block hemin-induced ferroptosis, nor did the forced expression of the ERK-selective MAP kinase phosphatase (MKP)3. We conclude that hemin or hemoglobin-induced ferroptosis, unlike glutathione depletion, is ERK1/2-independent. Together with recent studies, our findings suggest the existence of a novel subtype of neuronal ferroptosis relevant to bleeding in the brain that is 5-lipoxygenase-dependent, ERK-independent, and transcription-independent. Remarkably, our unbiased phosphoproteome analysis revealed dramatic differences in phosphorylation induced by two ferroptosis subtypes. As U0126 also reduced cell death and improved functional recovery after hemorrhagic stroke in male mice, our analysis also provides a template on which to build a search for U0126's effects in a variant of neuronal ferroptosis.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Ferroptosis is an iron-dependent mechanism of regulated necrosis that has been linked to hemorrhagic stroke. Common features of ferroptotic death induced by diverse stimuli are the depletion of the antioxidant glutathione, production of lipoxygenase-dependent reactive lipids, sensitivity to iron chelation, and persistent activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) signaling. Unlike classical ferroptosis induced in neurons or cancer cells, here we show that ferroptosis induced by hemin is ERK-independent. Paradoxically, the canonical MAP kinase kinase (MEK) inhibitor U0126 blocks brain hemorrhage-induced death. Altogether, these data suggest that a variant of ferroptosis is unleashed in hemorrhagic stroke. We present the first, unbiased phosphoproteomic analysis of ferroptosis as a template on which to understand distinct paths to cell death that meet the definition of ferroptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marietta Zille
- Burke Neurological Institute, White Plains, New York 10605
- Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York 10065
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Vienna, Vienna 1090, Austria
| | - Juan A Oses-Prieto
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, California 94158
| | - Sara R Savage
- Lester and Sue Smith Breast Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030
| | - Saravanan S Karuppagounder
- Burke Neurological Institute, White Plains, New York 10605
- Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York 10065
| | - Yingxin Chen
- Burke Neurological Institute, White Plains, New York 10605
- Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York 10065
| | - Amit Kumar
- Burke Neurological Institute, White Plains, New York 10605
- Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York 10065
| | - John H Morris
- Resource on Biocomputing, Visualization, and Informatics, University of California, San Francisco, California 94158
| | - Karl A Scheidt
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Molecular Innovation and Drug Discovery, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208
| | - Alma L Burlingame
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, California 94158
| | - Rajiv R Ratan
- Burke Neurological Institute, White Plains, New York 10605
- Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York 10065
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22
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Szymonik J, Wala K, Górnicki T, Saczko J, Pencakowski B, Kulbacka J. The Impact of Iron Chelators on the Biology of Cancer Stem Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 23:ijms23010089. [PMID: 35008527 PMCID: PMC8745085 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23010089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2021] [Revised: 12/18/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Neoplastic diseases are still a major medical challenge, requiring a constant search for new therapeutic options. A serious problem of many cancers is resistance to anticancer drugs and disease progression in metastases or local recurrence. These characteristics of cancer cells may be related to the specific properties of cancer stem cells (CSC). CSCs are involved in inhibiting cells’ maturation, which is essential for maintaining their self-renewal capacity and pluripotency. They show increased expression of transcription factor proteins, which were defined as stemness-related markers. This group of proteins includes OCT4, SOX2, KLF4, Nanog, and SALL4. It has been noticed that the metabolism of cancer cells is changed, and the demand for iron is significantly increased. Iron chelators have been proven to have antitumor activity and influence the expression of stemness-related markers, thus reducing chemoresistance and the risk of tumor cell progression. This prompts further investigation of these agents as promising anticancer novel drugs. The article presents the characteristics of stemness markers and their influence on the development and course of neoplastic disease. Available iron chelators were also described, and their effects on cancer cells and expression of stemness-related markers were analyzed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Szymonik
- Faculty of Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-367 Wroclaw, Poland; (J.S.); (K.W.); (T.G.)
| | - Kamila Wala
- Faculty of Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-367 Wroclaw, Poland; (J.S.); (K.W.); (T.G.)
| | - Tomasz Górnicki
- Faculty of Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-367 Wroclaw, Poland; (J.S.); (K.W.); (T.G.)
| | - Jolanta Saczko
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland;
| | - Bartosz Pencakowski
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology and Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-367 Wroclaw, Poland;
| | - Julita Kulbacka
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-71-784-06-88
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23
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Zhao Y, Huang Z, Peng H. Molecular Mechanisms of Ferroptosis and Its Roles in Hematologic Malignancies. Front Oncol 2021; 11:743006. [PMID: 34778060 PMCID: PMC8582018 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.743006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell death is essential for the normal metabolism of human organisms. Ferroptosis is a unique regulated cell death (RCD) mode characterized by excess accumulation of iron-dependent lipid peroxide and reactive oxygen species (ROS) compared with other well-known programmed cell death modes. It has been currently recognized that ferroptosis plays a rather important role in the occurrence, development, and treatment of traumatic brain injury, stroke, acute kidney injury, liver damage, ischemia–reperfusion injury, tumor, etc. Of note, ferroptosis may be explained by the expression of various molecules and signaling components, among which iron, lipid, and amino acid metabolism are the key regulatory mechanisms of ferroptosis. Meanwhile, tumor cells of hematological malignancies, such as leukemia, lymphoma, and multiple myeloma (MM), are identified to be sensitive to ferroptosis. Targeting potential regulatory factors in the ferroptosis pathway may promote or inhibit the disease progression of these malignancies. In this review, a systematic summary was conducted on the key molecular mechanisms of ferroptosis and the current potential relationships of ferroptosis with leukemia, lymphoma, and MM. It is expected to provide novel potential therapeutic approaches and targets for hematological malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhao
- Department of Hematology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Hunan Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Hematology, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Institute of Hematology, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zineng Huang
- Department of Hematology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Hunan Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Hematology, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Institute of Hematology, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Hongling Peng
- Department of Hematology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Hunan Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Hematology, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Institute of Hematology, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Tumor Models and Individualized Medicine, Changsha, China
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24
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Park JM, Mau CZ, Chen YC, Su YH, Chen HA, Huang SY, Chang JS, Chiu CF. A case-control study in Taiwanese cohort and meta-analysis of serum ferritin in pancreatic cancer. Sci Rep 2021; 11:21242. [PMID: 34711879 PMCID: PMC8553768 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-00650-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is one of the most lethal diseases which lack an early diagnostic marker. We investigated whether serum ferritin (SF) reflects risk for pancreatic cancer and potential genes that may contribute ferritin and pancreatic cancer risks. We performed a meta-analysis of relevant studies on SF and pancreatic cancer risk by searching articles in PUBMED and EMBASE published up to 1 March 2020. We also collected serum samples from Taipei Medical University Joint Biobank and compared SF levels in 34 healthy controls and 34 pancreatic cancer patients. An Oncomine database was applied as a platform to explore a series of genes that exhibited strong associations between ferritin and pancreatic cancer. Herein, we show that high levels of SF can indicate risk of pancreatic cancer, suggesting SF as the new tumor marker that may be used to help pancreatic cancer diagnosis. We also found that expressions of iron homeostasis genes (MYC, FXN) and ferroptosis genes (ALOX15, CBS, FDFT1, LPCAT3, RPL8, TP53, TTC35) are significantly altered with pancreatic tumor grades, which may contribute to differential expression of ferritin related to pancreatic cancer prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Min Park
- School of Nutrition and Health Sciences, College of Nutrition, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 11031, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Metabolism and Obesity Sciences, College of Nutrition, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 11031, Taiwan.,TMU Research Center of Cancer Translational Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 11031, Taiwan
| | - Chen-Zou Mau
- Graduate Institute of Metabolism and Obesity Sciences, College of Nutrition, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 11031, Taiwan
| | - Yang-Ching Chen
- School of Nutrition and Health Sciences, College of Nutrition, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 11031, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Metabolism and Obesity Sciences, College of Nutrition, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 11031, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Hao Su
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 11301, Taiwan.,Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City, 23561, Taiwan.,Department of General Surgery, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 11301, Taiwan.,TMU Research Center of Cancer Translational Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 11031, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-An Chen
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 11301, Taiwan.,Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City, 23561, Taiwan.,Department of General Surgery, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 11301, Taiwan.,TMU Research Center of Cancer Translational Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 11031, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Yi Huang
- School of Nutrition and Health Sciences, College of Nutrition, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 11031, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Metabolism and Obesity Sciences, College of Nutrition, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 11031, Taiwan.,Nutrition Research Center, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, 11031, Taiwan
| | - Jung-Su Chang
- School of Nutrition and Health Sciences, College of Nutrition, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 11031, Taiwan. .,Graduate Institute of Metabolism and Obesity Sciences, College of Nutrition, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 11031, Taiwan. .,Nutrition Research Center, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, 11031, Taiwan.
| | - Ching-Feng Chiu
- Graduate Institute of Metabolism and Obesity Sciences, College of Nutrition, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 11031, Taiwan. .,Nutrition Research Center, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, 11031, Taiwan. .,TMU Research Center of Cancer Translational Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 11031, Taiwan.
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25
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Ali A, Shafarin J, Unnikannan H, Al-Jabi N, Jabal RA, Bajbouj K, Muhammad JS, Hamad M. Co-targeting BET bromodomain BRD4 and RAC1 suppresses growth, stemness and tumorigenesis by disrupting the c-MYC-G9a-FTH1axis and downregulating HDAC1 in molecular subtypes of breast cancer. Int J Biol Sci 2021; 17:4474-4492. [PMID: 34803511 PMCID: PMC8579449 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.62236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BET bromodomain BRD4 and RAC1 oncogenes are considered important therapeutic targets for cancer and play key roles in tumorigenesis, survival and metastasis. However, combined inhibition of BRD4-RAC1 signaling pathways in different molecular subtypes of breast cancer including luminal-A, HER-2 positive and triple-negative breast (TNBC) largely remains unknown. Here, we demonstrated a new co-targeting strategy by combined inhibition of BRD4-RAC1 oncogenic signaling in different molecular subtypes of breast cancer in a context-dependent manner. We show that combined treatment of JQ1 (inhibitor of BRD4) and NSC23766 (inhibitor of RAC1) suppresses cell growth, clonogenic potential, cell migration and mammary stem cells expansion and induces autophagy and cellular senescence in molecular subtypes of breast cancer cells. Mechanistically, JQ1/NSC23766 combined treatment disrupts MYC/G9a axis and subsequently enhances FTH1 to exert antitumor effects. Furthermore, combined treatment targets HDAC1/Ac-H3K9 axis, thus suggesting a role of this combination in histone modification and chromatin modeling. C-MYC depletion and co-treatment with vitamin-C sensitizes different molecular subtypes of breast cancer cells to JQ1/NSC23766 combination and further reduces cell growth, cell migration and mammosphere formation. Importantly, co-targeting RAC1-BRD4 suppresses breast tumor growth in vivo using xenograft mouse model. Clinically, RAC1 and BRD4 expression positively correlates in breast cancer patient's samples and show high expression patterns across different molecular subtypes of breast cancer. Both RAC1 and BRD4 proteins predict poor survival in breast cancer patients. Taken together, our results suggest that combined inhibition of BRD4-RAC1 pathways represents a novel and potential therapeutic approach in different molecular subtypes of breast cancer and highlights the importance of co-targeting RAC1-BRD4 signaling in breast tumorigenesis via disruption of C-MYC/G9a/FTH1 axis and down regulation of HDAC1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amjad Ali
- Research Institute of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Jasmin Shafarin
- Research Institute of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Hema Unnikannan
- Research Institute of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Nour Al-Jabi
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Rola Abu Jabal
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Khuloud Bajbouj
- Research Institute of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Jibran Sualeh Muhammad
- Research Institute of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Mawieh Hamad
- Research Institute of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
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26
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Jung SY, Lee HK, Kim H, Kim S, Kim JS, Kang JG, Kuh HJ, Yoo JS, Ko JH, Lee JH. Depletion of ST6GALNACIII retards A549 non-small cell lung cancer cell proliferation by downregulating transferrin receptor protein 1 expression. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2021; 575:78-84. [PMID: 34461439 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2021.08.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Revised: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Alterations in sialylation of terminal residues of glycoproteins have been implicated in forming tumor-associated glycans. ST6GALNAC transfers sialyl moiety to N-acetylgalactosamine residue via α2,6 linkage. Although the oncogenic characteristics of ST6GALNACI or II have been demonstrated in various cancer cells, the impact of ST6GALNACIII on tumor progression remains undefined. In this study, we evaluated the effect of ST6GALNACIII knockdown on the growth of A549 non-small cell lung cancer cells. ST6GALNACIII depletion resulted in significant retardation in growth of A549 cells under various culture conditions, including collagen-supported 3D culture and anchorage-independent soft agar culture conditions. Liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry revealed that two glycopeptides of transferrin receptor protein 1 (TFR1) containing N-acetylhexosamine-sialic acid were not detected in ST6GALNACIII-depleted A549 cells compared with control cells. Subsequent lectin binding assay, western blotting, and real-time RT-PCR indicated that TFR1 sialylation was not significantly changed, but TFR1 protein and mRNA expressions were decreased after ST6GALNACIII knockdown. However, cell growth retardation by ST6GALNACIII knockdown was partially rescued by TFR1 overexpression. Additionally, TFR1 mRNA degradation was accelerated following ST6GALNACIII knockdown with concomitant reduction in mRNA levels of iron regulatory protein 1 and 2, the upstream regulators of TFR1 mRNA stability. Therefore, our results indicated an important role of ST6GALNACIII in promoting A549 cell growth through quantitative regulation of TFR1 expression and provided therapeutic implications for ST6GALNACIII targeting in tumor growth suppression in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soon-Young Jung
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, 06591, South Korea; Institute for Aging and Metabolic Diseases, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, 06591, South Korea
| | - Hyun Kyoung Lee
- Research Center of Bioconvergence Analysis, Korea Basic Science Institute, Cheongju, 28119, South Korea
| | - Hyungmin Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, 06591, South Korea; Institute for Aging and Metabolic Diseases, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, 06591, South Korea; Department of Biomedicine & Health Sciences, Graduate School, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, 06591, South Korea
| | - Seulki Kim
- Department of Medical Life Sciences, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, 06591, South Korea
| | - Jung Soo Kim
- Genome Editing Research Center, KRIBB, Daejeon, 34141, South Korea
| | - Jeong Gu Kang
- Genome Editing Research Center, KRIBB, Daejeon, 34141, South Korea
| | - Hyo-Jeong Kuh
- Department of Medical Life Sciences, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, 06591, South Korea
| | - Jong Shin Yoo
- Research Center of Bioconvergence Analysis, Korea Basic Science Institute, Cheongju, 28119, South Korea
| | - Jeong-Heon Ko
- Genome Editing Research Center, KRIBB, Daejeon, 34141, South Korea.
| | - Jeong-Hwa Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, 06591, South Korea; Institute for Aging and Metabolic Diseases, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, 06591, South Korea.
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27
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Ali A, Shafarin J, Abu Jabal R, Aljabi N, Hamad M, Sualeh Muhammad J, Unnikannan H, Hamad M. Ferritin heavy chain (FTH1) exerts significant antigrowth effects in breast cancer cells by inhibiting the expression of c-MYC. FEBS Open Bio 2021; 11:3101-3114. [PMID: 34551213 PMCID: PMC8564339 DOI: 10.1002/2211-5463.13303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Revised: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Overexpression of ferritin heavy chain (FTH1) often associates with good prognosis in breast cancer (BCa), particularly in the triple‐negative subtype (triple‐negative breast cancer). However, the mechanism by which FTH1 exerts its possible tumor suppressor effects in BCa is not known. Here, we examined the bearing of FTH1 silencing or overexpression on several aspects of BCa cell growth in vitro. FTH1 silencing promoted cell growth and mammosphere formation, increased c‐MYC expression, and reduced cell sensitivity to chemotherapy. In contrast, FTH1 overexpression inhibited cell growth, decreased c‐MYC expression, and sensitized cancer cells to chemotherapy; silencing of c‐MYC recapitulated the effects of FTH1 overexpression. These findings show for the first time that FTH1 suppresses tumor growth by inhibiting the expression of key oncogenes, such as c‐MYC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amjad Ali
- Research Institute for Medical and Health SciencesUniversity of SharjahUnited Arab Emirates
| | - Jasmin Shafarin
- Research Institute for Medical and Health SciencesUniversity of SharjahUnited Arab Emirates
| | - Rola Abu Jabal
- Department of Basic Medical SciencesCollege of MedicineUniversity of SharjahUnited Arab Emirates
| | - Nour Aljabi
- Department of Basic Medical SciencesCollege of MedicineUniversity of SharjahUnited Arab Emirates
| | - Mohamad Hamad
- Research Institute for Medical and Health SciencesUniversity of SharjahUnited Arab Emirates
- Department of Medical Laboratory SciencesCollege of Health SciencesUniversity of SharjahUnited Arab Emirates
| | - Jibran Sualeh Muhammad
- Research Institute for Medical and Health SciencesUniversity of SharjahUnited Arab Emirates
- Department of Basic Medical SciencesCollege of MedicineUniversity of SharjahUnited Arab Emirates
| | - Hema Unnikannan
- Research Institute for Medical and Health SciencesUniversity of SharjahUnited Arab Emirates
| | - Mawieh Hamad
- Research Institute for Medical and Health SciencesUniversity of SharjahUnited Arab Emirates
- Department of Medical Laboratory SciencesCollege of Health SciencesUniversity of SharjahUnited Arab Emirates
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Wijesinghe TP, Dharmasivam M, Dai CC, Richardson DR. Innovative therapies for neuroblastoma: The surprisingly potent role of iron chelation in up-regulating metastasis and tumor suppressors and down-regulating the key oncogene, N-myc. Pharmacol Res 2021; 173:105889. [PMID: 34536548 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2021.105889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Revised: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Iron is an indispensable requirement for essential biological processes in cancer cells. Due to the greater proliferation of neoplastic cells, their demand for iron is considerably higher relative to normal cells, making them highly susceptible to iron depletion. Understanding this sensitive relationship led to research exploring the effect of iron chelation therapy for cancer treatment. The classical iron-binding ligand, desferrioxamine (DFO), has demonstrated effective anti-proliferative activity against many cancer-types, particularly neuroblastoma tumors, and has the surprising activity of down-regulating the potent oncogene, N-myc, which is a major oncogenic driver in neuroblastoma. Even more significant is the ability of DFO to simultaneously up-regulate the potent metastasis suppressor, N-myc downstream-regulated gene-1 (NDRG1), which plays a plethora of roles in suppressing a variety of oncogenic signaling pathways. However, DFO suffers the disadvantage of demonstrating poor membrane permeability and short plasma half-life, requiring administration by prolonged subcutaneous or intravenous infusions. Considering this, the specifically designed di-2-pyridylketone thiosemicarbazone (DpT) series of metal-binding ligands was developed in our laboratory. The lead agent from the first generation DpT series, di-2-pyridylketone-4,4-dimethyl-3-thiosemicarbazone (Dp44mT), showed exceptional anti-cancer properties compared to DFO. However, it exhibited cardiotoxicity in mouse models at higher dosages. Therefore, a second generation of agents was developed with the lead compound being di-2-pyridylketone-4-cyclohexyl-4-methyl-3-thiosemicarbazone (DpC) that progressed to Phase I clinical trials. Importantly, DpC showed better anti-proliferative activity than Dp44mT and no cardiotoxicity, demonstrating effective anti-cancer activity against neuroblastoma tumors in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tharushi P Wijesinghe
- Centre for Cancer Cell Biology and Drug Discovery, Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Nathan, Brisbane, Queensland 4111, Australia
| | - Mahendiran Dharmasivam
- Centre for Cancer Cell Biology and Drug Discovery, Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Nathan, Brisbane, Queensland 4111, Australia
| | - Charles C Dai
- Centre for Cancer Cell Biology and Drug Discovery, Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Nathan, Brisbane, Queensland 4111, Australia
| | - Des R Richardson
- Centre for Cancer Cell Biology and Drug Discovery, Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Nathan, Brisbane, Queensland 4111, Australia; Department of Pathology and Biological Responses, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan.
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29
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Chekmarev J, Azad MG, Richardson DR. The Oncogenic Signaling Disruptor, NDRG1: Molecular and Cellular Mechanisms of Activity. Cells 2021; 10:cells10092382. [PMID: 34572031 PMCID: PMC8465210 DOI: 10.3390/cells10092382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Revised: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
NDRG1 is an oncogenic signaling disruptor that plays a key role in multiple cancers, including aggressive pancreatic tumors. Recent studies have indicated a role for NDRG1 in the inhibition of multiple tyrosine kinases, including EGFR, c-Met, HER2 and HER3, etc. The mechanism of activity of NDRG1 remains unclear, but to impart some of its functions, NDRG1 binds directly to key effector molecules that play roles in tumor suppression, e.g., MIG6. More recent studies indicate that NDRG1s-inducing drugs, such as novel di-2-pyridylketone thiosemicarbazones, not only inhibit tumor growth and metastasis but also fibrous desmoplasia, which leads to chemotherapeutic resistance. The Casitas B-lineage lymphoma (c-Cbl) protein may be regulated by NDRG1, and is a crucial E3 ligase that regulates various protein tyrosine and receptor tyrosine kinases, primarily via ubiquitination. The c-Cbl protein can act as a tumor suppressor by promoting the degradation of receptor tyrosine kinases. In contrast, c-Cbl can also promote tumor development by acting as a docking protein to mediate the oncogenic c-Met/Crk/JNK and PI3K/AKT pathways. This review hypothesizes that NDRG1 could inhibit the oncogenic function of c-Cbl, which may be another mechanism of its tumor-suppressive effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason Chekmarev
- Centre for Cancer Cell Biology and Drug Discovery, Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Nathan, Brisbane, QLD 4111, Australia; (J.C.); (M.G.A.)
| | - Mahan Gholam Azad
- Centre for Cancer Cell Biology and Drug Discovery, Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Nathan, Brisbane, QLD 4111, Australia; (J.C.); (M.G.A.)
| | - Des R. Richardson
- Centre for Cancer Cell Biology and Drug Discovery, Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Nathan, Brisbane, QLD 4111, Australia; (J.C.); (M.G.A.)
- Department of Pathology and Biological Responses, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +61-7-3735-7549
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30
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Bu ZQ, Yu HY, Wang J, He X, Cui YR, Feng JC, Feng J. Emerging Role of Ferroptosis in the Pathogenesis of Ischemic Stroke: A New Therapeutic Target? ASN Neuro 2021; 13:17590914211037505. [PMID: 34463559 PMCID: PMC8424725 DOI: 10.1177/17590914211037505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Ischemic stroke is one of the main causes of high morbidity, mortality, and disability
worldwide; however, the treatment methods are limited and do not always achieve
satisfactory results. The pathogenesis of ischemic stroke is complex, defined by multiple
mechanisms; among them, programmed death of neuronal cells plays a significant role.
Ferroptosis is a novel type of regulated cell death characterized by iron redistribution
or accumulation and increased lipid peroxidation in the membrane. Ferroptosis is
implicated in many pathological conditions, such as cancer, neurodegenerative diseases,
and ischemia-reperfusion injury. In this review, we summarize current research findings on
ferroptosis, including possible molecular mechanisms and therapeutic applications of
ferroptosis regulators, with a focus on the involvement of ferroptosis in the pathogenesis
and treatment of ischemic stroke. Understanding the role of ferroptosis in ischemic stroke
will throw some light on the development of methods for diagnosis, treatment, and
prevention of this devastating disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhong-Qi Bu
- Department of Neurology, 85024Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Hai-Yang Yu
- Department of Neurology, 85024Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Jue Wang
- Department of Neurology, 85024Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xin He
- Department of Neurology, 85024Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yue-Ran Cui
- Department of Neurology, 85024Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Jia-Chun Feng
- Department of Neurology and Neuroscience Center, 117971The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Juan Feng
- Department of Neurology, 85024Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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31
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Highly Expressed CYBRD1 Associated with Glioma Recurrence Regulates the Immune Response of Glioma Cells to Interferon. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2021; 2021:2793222. [PMID: 34326882 PMCID: PMC8302377 DOI: 10.1155/2021/2793222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Invasiveness, resistance to treatment, and recurrence of gliomas are significant hurdles to successful treatment regimens. Data sets from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO), CGGA-RNAseq, and The Cancer Genome Atlas Glioblastoma Multiforme (TCGA-GBM) were analyzed, and an increased expression of Cytochrome B Reductase 1 (CYBRD1) was identified and could be associated with aggravated clinical outcomes. Gene ontology (GO) enrichment analysis indicated that CYBRD1 co-expressed genes are enriched during an immune response. CYBRD1 overexpression in glioma cell lines is enhanced, whereas CYBRD1 silencing attenuated the aggressiveness of glioma cells. In IFN-α-treated glioma cells, IFN-α suppressed the viability and migratory ability and invasive ability of glioma cells, whereas CYBRD1 overexpression attenuated the antitumor effects of IFN-α. CYBRD1 could potentially serve as a biomarker for glioma recurrence. CYBRD1 overexpression enhances glioma cell aggressiveness and attenuates glioma cell response to IFN-α.
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32
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CYB561A3 is the Key Lysosomal Iron Reductase Required for Burkitt B-cell Growth and Survival. Blood 2021; 138:2216-2230. [PMID: 34232987 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2021011079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) causes endemic Burkitt lymphoma, the leading childhood cancer in sub-Saharan Africa. Burkitt cells retain aspects of germinal center B-cell physiology with MYC-driven B-cell hyperproliferation, yet little is presently known about their iron metabolism. CRISPR/Cas9 analysis highlighted the little studied ferrireductase CYB561A3 as critical for Burkitt proliferation, but not for that of closely related EBV-transformed lymphoblastoid cells or nearly all other Cancer Dependency Map cell lines. Burkitt CYB561A3 knockout induced profound iron starvation, despite ferritinophagy and plasma membrane transferrin upregulation. Elevated concentrations of ascorbic acid, a key CYB561 family electron donor or the labile iron source ferrous citrate rescued Burkitt CYB561A3 deficiency. CYB561A3 knockout caused catastrophic lysosomal and mitochondrial damage and impaired mitochondrial respiration. By contrast, lymphoblastoid B-cells with the transforming EBV latency III program were instead dependent on the STEAP3 ferrireductase. These results highlight CYB561A3 it as an attractive therapeutic Burkitt lymphoma target.
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33
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Al-Hassi HO, Ng O, Evstatiev R, Mangalika M, Worton N, Jambrich M, Khare V, Phipps O, Keeler B, Gasche C, Acheson AG, Brookes MJ. Intravenous iron is non-inferior to oral iron regarding cell growth and iron metabolism in colorectal cancer associated with iron-deficiency anaemia. Sci Rep 2021; 11:13699. [PMID: 34211054 PMCID: PMC8249613 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-93155-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Oral iron promotes intestinal tumourigenesis in animal models. In humans, expression of iron transport proteins are altered in colorectal cancer. This study examined whether the route of iron therapy alters iron transport and tumour growth. Colorectal adenocarcinoma patients with pre-operative iron deficiency anaemia received oral ferrous sulphate (n = 15), or intravenous ferric carboxymaltose (n = 15). Paired (normal and tumour tissues) samples were compared for expression of iron loading, iron transporters, proliferation, apoptosis and Wnt signalling using immunohistochemistry and RT-PCR. Iron loading was increased in tumour and distributed to the stroma in intravenous treatment and to the epithelium in oral treatment. Protein and mRNA expression of proliferation and iron transporters were increased in tumours compared to normal tissues but there were no significant differences between the treatment groups. However, intravenous iron treatment reduced ferritin mRNA levels in tumours and replenished body iron stores. Iron distribution to non-epithelial cells in intravenous iron suggests that iron is less bioavailable to tumour cells. Therefore, intravenous iron may be a better option in the treatment of colorectal cancer patients with iron deficiency anaemia due to its efficiency in replenishing iron levels while its effect on proliferation and iron metabolism is similar to that of oral iron treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hafid O Al-Hassi
- Research Institute in Healthcare Science, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Wolverhampton, Wolverhampton, UK
| | - Oliver Ng
- NIHR Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre and the University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Rayko Evstatiev
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | | | - Manuela Jambrich
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Vineeta Khare
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Oliver Phipps
- Research Institute in Healthcare Science, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Wolverhampton, Wolverhampton, UK
| | - Barrie Keeler
- NIHR Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre and the University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Christoph Gasche
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Austin G Acheson
- NIHR Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre and the University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Matthew J Brookes
- Research Institute in Healthcare Science, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Wolverhampton, Wolverhampton, UK. .,The Royal Wolverhampton NHS Trust, Wolverhampton, UK.
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34
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Serebrova VN, Trifonova EA, Stepanov VA. Natural Selection as a Driver for the Genetic Component of Preeclampsia. Mol Biol 2021. [DOI: 10.1134/s0026893321020308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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35
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Santana-Codina N, Gikandi A, Mancias JD. The Role of NCOA4-Mediated Ferritinophagy in Ferroptosis. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021; 1301:41-57. [PMID: 34370287 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-62026-4_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Nuclear receptor coactivator 4 (NCOA4) is a selective cargo receptor that mediates the autophagic degradation of ferritin, the cytosolic iron storage complex, in a process known as ferritinophagy. NCOA4-mediated ferritinophagy is required to maintain intracellular and systemic iron homeostasis and thereby iron-dependent physiologic processes such as erythropoiesis. Given this role of ferritinophagy in regulating iron homeostasis, modulating NCOA4-mediated ferritinophagic flux alters sensitivity to ferroptosis, a non-apoptotic iron-dependent form of cell death triggered by peroxidation of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs). A role for ferroptosis has been established in the pathophysiology of cancer and neurodegeneration; however, the importance of ferritinophagy in these pathologies remains largely unknown. Here, we review the available evidence on biochemical regulation of NCOA4-mediated ferritinophagy and its role in modulating sensitivity to innate and induced ferroptosis in neurodegenerative diseases and cancer. Finally, we evaluate the potential of modulating ferritinophagy in combination with ferroptosis inducers as a therapeutic strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naiara Santana-Codina
- Division of Radiation and Genome Stability, Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ajami Gikandi
- Division of Radiation and Genome Stability, Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Joseph D Mancias
- Division of Radiation and Genome Stability, Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA.
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36
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Gonciarz RL, Collisson EA, Renslo AR. Ferrous Iron-Dependent Pharmacology. Trends Pharmacol Sci 2021; 42:7-18. [PMID: 33261861 PMCID: PMC7754709 DOI: 10.1016/j.tips.2020.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Revised: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The recent emergence of oxidation state selective probes of cellular iron has produced a more nuanced understanding of how cells utilize this crucial nutrient to empower enzyme function, and also how labile ferrous iron contributes to iron-dependent cell death (ferroptosis) and other disease pathologies including cancer, bacterial infections, and neurodegeneration. These findings, viewed in light of the Fenton chemistry promoted by ferrous iron, suggest a new category of therapeutics exhibiting ferrous iron-dependent pharmacology. While still in its infancy, this nascent field draws inspiration from the remarkable activity and tremendous clinical impact of the antimalarial artemisinin. Here, we review recent insights into the role of labile ferrous iron in biology and disease, and describe new therapeutic approaches designed to exploit this divalent transition metal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan L. Gonciarz
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158
| | - Eric A. Collisson
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158,Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158
| | - Adam R. Renslo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158,Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158,Correspondence:
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37
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Bae DH, Gholam Azad M, Kalinowski DS, Lane DJR, Jansson PJ, Richardson DR. Ascorbate and Tumor Cell Iron Metabolism: The Evolving Story and Its Link to Pathology. Antioxid Redox Signal 2020; 33:816-838. [PMID: 31672021 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2019.7903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Significance: Vitamin C or ascorbate (Asc) is a water-soluble vitamin and an antioxidant that is involved in many crucial biological functions. Asc's ability to reduce metals makes it an essential enzyme cofactor. Recent Advances: The ability of Asc to act as a reductant also plays an important part in its overall role in iron metabolism, where Asc induces both nontransferrin-bound iron and transferrin-bound iron uptake at physiological concentrations (∼50 μM). Moreover, Asc has emerged to play an important role in multiple diseases and its effects at pharmacological doses could be important for their treatment. Critical Issues: Asc's role as a regulator of cellular iron metabolism, along with its cytotoxic effects and different roles at pharmacological concentrations, makes it a candidate as an anticancer agent. Ever since the controversy regarding the studies from the Mayo Clinic was finally explained, there has been a renewed interest in using Asc as a therapeutic approach toward cancer due to its minimal side effects. Numerous studies have been able to demonstrate the anticancer activity of Asc through selective oxidative stress toward cancer cells via H2O2 generation at pharmacological concentrations. Studies have demonstrated that Asc's cytotoxic mechanism at concentrations (>1 mM) has been associated with decreased cellular iron uptake. Future Directions: Recent studies have also suggested other mechanisms, such as Asc's effects on autophagy, polyamine metabolism, and the cell cycle. Clearly, more has yet to be discovered about Asc's mechanism of action to facilitate safe and effective treatment options for cancer and other diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Hun Bae
- Molecular Pharmacology and Pathology Program, Department of Pathology and Bosch Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Mahan Gholam Azad
- Molecular Pharmacology and Pathology Program, Department of Pathology and Bosch Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Danuta S Kalinowski
- Molecular Pharmacology and Pathology Program, Department of Pathology and Bosch Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Darius J R Lane
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Melbourne Dementia Research Centre, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Patric J Jansson
- Molecular Pharmacology and Pathology Program, Department of Pathology and Bosch Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Des R Richardson
- Molecular Pharmacology and Pathology Program, Department of Pathology and Bosch Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.,Department of Pathology and Biological Responses, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Showa-ku, Japan
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38
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Torti SV, Torti FM. Iron and Cancer: 2020 Vision. Cancer Res 2020; 80:5435-5448. [PMID: 32928919 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-20-2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Revised: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
New and provocative insights into the relationships between iron and cancer have been uncovered in recent years. These include delineation of connections that link cellular iron to DNA repair, genomic integrity, and oncogenic signaling as well as the discovery of ferroptosis, a novel iron-dependent form of cell death. In parallel, new molecules and pathways that regulate iron influx, intracellular iron trafficking, and egress in normal cells, and their perturbations in cancer have been discovered. In addition, insights into the unique properties of iron handling in tumor-initiating cells (cancer stem cells), novel contributions of the tumor microenvironment to the uptake and regulation of iron in cancer cells, and new therapeutic modalities that leverage the iron dependence of cancer have emerged.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzy V Torti
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biophysics, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut.
| | - Frank M Torti
- Department of Medicine, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut
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39
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Abstract
Iron chelators have long been a target of interest as anticancer agents. Iron is an important cellular resource involved in cell replication, metabolism and growth. Iron metabolism is modulated in cancer cells reflecting their increased replicative demands. Originally, iron chelators were first developed for use in iron overload disorders, however, their potential as anticancer agents has been gaining increasing interest. This is due, in part, to the downstream effects of iron depletion such as the inhibition of proliferation through ribonucleotide reductase activity. Additionally, some chelators form redox active metal complexes with iron resulting in the production of reactive oxygen species and oxidative stress. Newer synthetic iron chelators such as Deferasirox, Triapine and di-2-pyridylketone-4,4,-dimethyl-3-thiosemicrbazone (Dp44mt) have improved pharmacokinetic properties over the older chelator Deferoxamine. This review examines and discusses the various iron chelators that have been trialled for cancer therapy including both preclinical and clinical studies. The successes and shortcomings of each of the chelators and their use in combination therapies are highlighted and future potential in the cancer therapy world is considered.
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40
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Fessel J. If ineffective levels of transforming growth factors and their receptor account for old age being a risk factor for Alzheimer's disease, then increasing TGFBR2 might be therapeutic. ALZHEIMER'S & DEMENTIA (NEW YORK, N. Y.) 2020; 6:e12019. [PMID: 32382652 PMCID: PMC7202202 DOI: 10.1002/trc2.12019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2019] [Revised: 02/02/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
If it is correct that ineffective levels of transforming growth factors beta and their receptor account for old age being a risk factor for Alzheimer's disease (AD), then increasing TGFBR2 might be therapeutic. Pacltaxel is a direct way to increase TGFBR2 levels. Indirect ways that will increase TGFBR2, include decreasing the levels of c-myc because that will lower the miRNA cluster 17-92, particularly its miR-17 and miR-20a components; and raising EGFR because that also will increase TGFBR2. Metformin and desferrioxamine are drugs that decrease c-myc; and statins increase levels of EGF. Clinical trials using those drugs, would demonstrate whether they decrease the progression from amnestic mild cognitive impairment to AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey Fessel
- Department of MedicineUniversity of CaliforniaSan FranciscoCaliforniaUSA
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41
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Torti SV, Torti FM. Iron: The cancer connection. Mol Aspects Med 2020; 75:100860. [PMID: 32340745 DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2020.100860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Revised: 04/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Iron plays an essential role in normal biological processes: The generation of cellular energy, oxygen transport, DNA synthesis and repair are all processes that require iron-coordinated proteins, either as elemental iron, heme or iron-sulfur clusters. As a transition metal with two major biological oxidation states, iron is also a critical intermediate in the generation of reactive oxygen species that can damage cellular structures and contribute to both aging and cancer. In this review, we focus on experimental and epidemiologic evidence that links iron and cancer, as well as strategies that have been proposed to either reduce or increase cellular iron for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzy V Torti
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biophysics, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT, 06030, USA.
| | - Frank M Torti
- Department of Medicine, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT, 06030, USA.
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42
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Ratan RR. The Chemical Biology of Ferroptosis in the Central Nervous System. Cell Chem Biol 2020; 27:479-498. [PMID: 32243811 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2020.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2019] [Revised: 02/04/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Over the past five decades, thanatology has come to include the study of how individual cells in our bodies die appropriately and inappropriately in response to physiological and pathological stimuli. Morphological and biochemical criteria have been painstakingly established to create clarity around definitions of distinct types of cell death and mechanisms for their activation. Among these, ferroptosis has emerged as a unique, oxidative stress-induced cell death pathway with implications for diseases as diverse as traumatic brain injury, hemorrhagic stroke, Alzheimer's disease, cancer, renal ischemia, and heat stress in plants. In this review, I highlight some of the formative studies that fostered its recognition in the nervous system and describe how chemical biological tools have been essential in defining events necessary for its execution. Finally, I discuss emerging opportunities for antiferroptotic agents as therapeutic agents in neurological diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajiv R Ratan
- Burke Neurological Institute at Weill Cornell Medicine, 785 Mamaroneck Avenue, White Plains, NY 10605, USA.
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43
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DUAN L, YIN X, MENG H, FANG X, MIN J, WANG F. [Progress on epigenetic regulation of iron homeostasis]. Zhejiang Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban 2020; 49:58-70. [PMID: 32621410 PMCID: PMC8800797 DOI: 10.3785/j.issn.1008-9292.2020.02.25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Iron homeostasis plays an important role for the maintenance of human health. It is known that iron metabolism is tightly regulated by several key genes, including divalent metal transport-1(DMT1), transferrin receptor 1(TFR1), transferrin receptor 2(TFR2), ferroportin(FPN), hepcidin(HAMP), hemojuvelin(HJV) and Ferritin H. Recently, it is reported that DNA methylation, histone acetylation, and microRNA (miRNA) epigenetically regulated iron homeostasis. Among these epigenetic regulators, DNA hypermethylation of the promoter region of FPN, TFR2, HAMP, HJV and bone morphogenetic protein 6 (BMP6) genes result in inhibitory effect on the expression of these iron-related gene. In addition, histone deacetylase (HADC) suppresses HAMP gene expression. On the contrary, HADC inhibitor upregulates HAMP gene expression. Additional reports showed that miRNA can also modulate iron absorption, transport, storage and utilization via downregulation of DMT1, FPN, TFR1, TFR2, Ferritin H and other genes. It is noteworthy that some key epigenetic regulatory enzymes, such as DNA demethylase TET2 and histone lysine demethylase JmjC KDMs, require iron for the enzymatic activities. In this review, we summarize the recent progress of DNA methylation, histone acetylation and miRNA in regulating iron metabolism and also discuss the future research directions.
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44
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Sornjai W, Nguyen Van Long F, Pion N, Pasquer A, Saurin JC, Marcel V, Diaz JJ, Mertani HC, Smith DR. Iron and hepcidin mediate human colorectal cancer cell growth. Chem Biol Interact 2020; 319:109021. [PMID: 32092301 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2020.109021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Revised: 01/24/2020] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
High dietary iron intake is a risk factor for the development of colorectal cancer. However, how iron subsequently impacts the proliferation of colorectal cancer cells remains unclear. This study determined the expression of six iron regulatory genes in twenty-one human colorectal cancer (CRC) biopsies and matched normal colonic tissue. The results show that only hepcidin and ferritin heavy chain expression were increased in CRC biopsies as compared to matched normal tissues. Four established human CRC cell lines, HT-29, HCT-116, SW-620 and SW-480 were subsequently examined for their growth in response to increasing concentrations of iron, and iron depletion. Real time cell growth assay showed a significant inhibitory effect of acute iron loading in HCT-116 cells (IC50 = 258.25 μM at 72 h), and no significant effects in other cell types. However, ten week treatment with iron significantly reduced HT-29 and SW-620 cell growth, whereas no effect was seen in HCT-116 and SW-480 cells. Intracellular labile iron depletion induced the complete growth arrest and detachment of all of the CRC cell types except for the SW-620 cell line which was not affected in its growth. Treatment of starved CRC cells with hepcidin, the major regulator of iron metabolism, induced a significant stimulation of HT-29 cell growth but did not affect the growth of the other cell types. Collectively these results show that iron is central to CRC cell growth in a manner that is not identical between acute and chronic loading, and that is specific to the CRC cell type.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wannapa Sornjai
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Mahidol University, 25/25 Phuttamonthon Sai 4, Salaya, Nakon Pathom, 73170, Thailand
| | - Flora Nguyen Van Long
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, UMR INSERM 1052-CNRS 5286, Centre Léon Bérard, Université Claude Bernard Lyon I, Université de Lyon, Lyon, 69008, France
| | - Nathalie Pion
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, UMR INSERM 1052-CNRS 5286, Centre Léon Bérard, Université Claude Bernard Lyon I, Université de Lyon, Lyon, 69008, France
| | - Arnaud Pasquer
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, UMR INSERM 1052-CNRS 5286, Centre Léon Bérard, Université Claude Bernard Lyon I, Université de Lyon, Lyon, 69008, France
| | - Jean-Christophe Saurin
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, UMR INSERM 1052-CNRS 5286, Centre Léon Bérard, Université Claude Bernard Lyon I, Université de Lyon, Lyon, 69008, France
| | - Virginie Marcel
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, UMR INSERM 1052-CNRS 5286, Centre Léon Bérard, Université Claude Bernard Lyon I, Université de Lyon, Lyon, 69008, France
| | - Jean Jacques Diaz
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, UMR INSERM 1052-CNRS 5286, Centre Léon Bérard, Université Claude Bernard Lyon I, Université de Lyon, Lyon, 69008, France
| | - Hichem C Mertani
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, UMR INSERM 1052-CNRS 5286, Centre Léon Bérard, Université Claude Bernard Lyon I, Université de Lyon, Lyon, 69008, France.
| | - Duncan R Smith
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Mahidol University, 25/25 Phuttamonthon Sai 4, Salaya, Nakon Pathom, 73170, Thailand.
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Abstract
Cancer metabolism is a well-known target of cancer therapeutics. Classically, cancer metabolism has been studied in terms of the dependence of cancer cells on crucial metabolites, such as glucose and glutamine. But, the accumulating data show that iron metabolism in tumor microenvironment is also an important factor in preserving the survival of cancer cells. Cancer cells have a distinct phenotype of iron metabolism, which secures the much-needed iron for these metabolically active cells. In order to use this iron efficiently, cancer cells need to increase their iron supply and decrease iron loss. As recent research suggests, this is not only done by modifying the expression of iron-related proteins in cancer cells, but also by interaction of cancer cells with other cells from the tumor milieu. Tumor microenvironment is a dynamic environment characterized with intricate relationship between cancer cells, tumor-associated macrophages, fibroblasts, and other cells. Some of the mechanistic aspects of this relationship have been elucidated, while others are yet to be identified. In any case, identifying the details of the iron phenotype of the cells in tumor microenvironment presents with a new therapeutic opportunity to treat this deadly disease.
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Wang F, Lv H, Zhao B, Zhou L, Wang S, Luo J, Liu J, Shang P. Iron and leukemia: new insights for future treatments. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2019; 38:406. [PMID: 31519186 PMCID: PMC6743129 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-019-1397-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2019] [Accepted: 08/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Iron, an indispensable element for life, is involved in all kinds of important physiological activities. Iron promotes cell growth and proliferation, but it also causes oxidative stress damage. The body has a strict regulation mechanism of iron metabolism due to its potential toxicity. As a cancer of the bone marrow and blood cells, leukemia threatens human health seriously. Current studies suggest that dysregulation of iron metabolism and subsequent accumulation of excess iron are closely associated with the occurrence and progress of leukemia. Specifically, excess iron promotes the development of leukemia due to the pro-oxidative nature of iron and its damaging effects on DNA. On the other hand, leukemia cells acquire large amounts of iron to maintain rapid growth and proliferation. Therefore, targeting iron metabolism may provide new insights for approaches to the treatment of leukemia. This review summarizes physiologic iron metabolism, alternations of iron metabolism in leukemia and therapeutic opportunities of targeting the altered iron metabolism in leukemia, with a focus on acute leukemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Wang
- School of Life Science, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, China
| | - Huanhuan Lv
- School of Life Science, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, China.,Research & Development Institute of Northwestern Polytechnical University in Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518057, China.,Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, Institute of Special Environment Biophysics, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, China
| | - Bin Zhao
- School of Life Science, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, China
| | - Liangfu Zhou
- School of Life Science, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, China
| | - Shenghang Wang
- School of Life Science, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, China
| | - Jie Luo
- School of Life Science, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, China
| | - Junyu Liu
- School of Life Science, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, China
| | - Peng Shang
- Research & Development Institute of Northwestern Polytechnical University in Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518057, China. .,Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, Institute of Special Environment Biophysics, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, China.
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47
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Chan JJ, Kwok ZH, Chew XH, Zhang B, Liu C, Soong TW, Yang H, Tay Y. A FTH1 gene:pseudogene:microRNA network regulates tumorigenesis in prostate cancer. Nucleic Acids Res 2019; 46:1998-2011. [PMID: 29240947 PMCID: PMC5829750 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkx1248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2017] [Accepted: 12/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-coding RNAs play a vital role in diverse cellular processes. Pseudogenes, which are non-coding homologs of protein-coding genes, were once considered non-functional evolutional relics. However, recent studies have shown that pseudogene transcripts can regulate their parental transcripts by sequestering shared microRNAs (miRNAs), thus acting as competing endogenous RNAs (ceRNAs). In this study, we utilize an unbiased screen to identify the ferritin heavy chain 1 (FTH1) transcript and multiple FTH1 pseudogenes as targets of several oncogenic miRNAs in prostate cancer (PCa). We characterize the critical role of this FTH1 gene:pseudogene:miRNA network in regulating tumorigenesis in PCa, whereby oncogenic miRNAs downregulate the expression of FTH1 and its pseudogenes to drive oncogenesis. We further show that impairing miRNA binding and subsequent ceRNA crosstalk completely rescues the slow growth phenotype in vitro and in vivo. Our results also demonstrate the reciprocal regulation between the pseudogenes and intracellular iron levels, which are crucial for multiple physiological and pathophysiological processes. In summary, we describe an extensive gene:pseudogene network comprising multiple miRNAs and multiple pseudogenes derived from a single parental gene. The network could be regulated through multiple mechanisms to modulate iron storage in various signaling pathways, the deregulation of which results in PCa development and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Jia Chan
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117599, Singapore
| | - Zhi Hao Kwok
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117599, Singapore
| | - Xiao Hong Chew
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117599, Singapore
| | - Bin Zhang
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117599, Singapore
| | - Chao Liu
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117597, Singapore
| | - Tuck Wah Soong
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117597, Singapore.,National Neuroscience Institute, Singapore 308433, Singapore
| | - Henry Yang
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117599, Singapore
| | - Yvonne Tay
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117599, Singapore.,Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117597, Singapore
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Kuciauskas D, Dreize N, Ger M, Kaupinis A, Zemaitis K, Stankevicius V, Suziedelis K, Cicenas J, Graves LM, Valius M. Proteomic Analysis of Breast Cancer Resistance to the Anticancer Drug RH1 Reveals the Importance of Cancer Stem Cells. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:E972. [PMID: 31336714 PMCID: PMC6678540 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11070972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Accepted: 07/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Antitumor drug resistance remains a major challenge in cancer chemotherapy. Here we investigated the mechanism of acquired resistance to a novel anticancer agent RH1 designed to be activated in cancer cells by the NQO1 enzyme. Data show that in some cancer cells RH1 may act in an NQO1-independent way. Differential proteomic analysis of breast cancer cells with acquired resistance to RH1 revealed changes in cell energy, amino acid metabolism and G2/M cell cycle transition regulation. Analysis of phosphoproteomics and protein kinase activity by multiplexed kinase inhibitor beads showed an increase in the activity of protein kinases involved in the cell cycle and stemness regulation and downregulation of proapoptotic kinases such as JNK in RH1-resistant cells. Suppression of JNK leads to the increase of cancer cell resistance to RH1. Moreover, resistant cells have enhanced expression of stem cell factor (SCF) and stem cell markers. Inhibition of SCF receptor c-KIT resulted in the attenuation of cancer stem cell enrichment and decreased amounts of tumor-initiating cells. RH1-resistant cells also acquire resistance to conventional therapeutics while remaining susceptible to c-KIT-targeted therapy. Data show that RH1 can be useful to treat cancers in the NQO1-independent way, and targeting of the cancer stem cells might be an effective approach for combating resistance to RH1 therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dalius Kuciauskas
- Proteomics Center, Institute of Biochemistry, Vilnius University Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, 10223 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Nadezda Dreize
- Proteomics Center, Institute of Biochemistry, Vilnius University Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, 10223 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Marija Ger
- Proteomics Center, Institute of Biochemistry, Vilnius University Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, 10223 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Algirdas Kaupinis
- Proteomics Center, Institute of Biochemistry, Vilnius University Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, 10223 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Kristijonas Zemaitis
- Proteomics Center, Institute of Biochemistry, Vilnius University Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, 10223 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Vaidotas Stankevicius
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Institute, 08660 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Kestutis Suziedelis
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Institute, 08660 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Jonas Cicenas
- Proteomics Center, Institute of Biochemistry, Vilnius University Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, 10223 Vilnius, Lithuania
- MAP Kinase Resource, 3027 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Lee M Graves
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Mindaugas Valius
- Proteomics Center, Institute of Biochemistry, Vilnius University Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, 10223 Vilnius, Lithuania.
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Abstract
This review explores the multifaceted role that iron has in cancer biology. Epidemiological studies have demonstrated an association between excess iron and increased cancer incidence and risk, while experimental studies have implicated iron in cancer initiation, tumor growth, and metastasis. The roles of iron in proliferation, metabolism, and metastasis underpin the association of iron with tumor growth and progression. Cancer cells exhibit an iron-seeking phenotype achieved through dysregulation of iron metabolic proteins. These changes are mediated, at least in part, by oncogenes and tumor suppressors. The dependence of cancer cells on iron has implications in a number of cell death pathways, including ferroptosis, an iron-dependent form of cell death. Uniquely, both iron excess and iron depletion can be utilized in anticancer therapies. Investigating the efficacy of these therapeutic approaches is an area of active research that promises substantial clinical impact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzy V Torti
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biophysics, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut 06030, USA;
| | - David H Manz
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biophysics, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut 06030, USA; .,School of Dental Medicine, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut 06030, USA
| | - Bibbin T Paul
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biophysics, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut 06030, USA;
| | - Nicole Blanchette-Farra
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biophysics, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut 06030, USA;
| | - Frank M Torti
- Department of Medicine, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut 06030, USA
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50
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Recalcati S, Correnti M, Gammella E, Raggi C, Invernizzi P, Cairo G. Iron Metabolism in Liver Cancer Stem Cells. Front Oncol 2019; 9:149. [PMID: 30941302 PMCID: PMC6433741 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2019.00149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 02/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSC) which have been identified in several tumors, including liver cancer, represent a particular subpopulation of tumor cells characterized by properties similar to those of adult stem cells. Importantly, CSC are resistant to standard therapies, thereby leading to metastatic dissemination and tumor relapse. Given the increasing evidence that iron homeostasis is deregulated in cancer, here we describe the iron homeostasis alterations in cancer cells, particularly in liver CSC. We also discuss two paradoxically opposite iron manipulation-strategies for tumor therapy based either on iron chelation or iron overload-mediated oxidant production leading to ferroptosis. A better understanding of iron metabolism modifications occurring in hepatic tumors and particularly in liver CSC cells may offer new therapeutic options for this cancer, which is characterized by increasing incidence and unfavorable prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefania Recalcati
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Elena Gammella
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Chiara Raggi
- Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, IRCCS, Rozzano, Italy.,Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Pietro Invernizzi
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine and Surgery, Center for Autoimmune Liver Diseases, San Gerardo Hospital, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - Gaetano Cairo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
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