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Monteiro FC, Carreira RDS, Gramlich KC, de Pinho JV, Massone CG, Vianna M, Hauser-Davis RA. A systematic review on polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon contamination in elasmobranchs and associated human health risks. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2023; 195:115535. [PMID: 37714073 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2023.115535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/17/2023]
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) contamination is ubiquitous and comprises a significant worldwide concern in ecological and Public Health frameworks. Many aquatic biota representatives have been reported as contaminated by these toxic compounds, including one of the most threatened vertebrate groups, elasmobranchs (sharks and rays). Although elasmobranchs play important ecological roles and provide significant ecosystem services, they are highly consumed and comprise a cheap source of protein for humans globally. Studies concerning elasmobranch PAH contamination are, however, notably lacking. A systematic review was, thus, conducted herein to assess PAH elasmobranch contamination and discuss potential human health risks following the Preferred Reporting Item Statement Guidelines for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA) guidelines applying the Population (P), Intervention (I), Comparison I, and Outcome (O) (PICO) strategy. A total of 86 published papers were retrieved by this method and analyzed. Only nine studies of this total concerned PAH elasmobranch contamination, assessed in 10 shark species and one ray species, with only one study calculating human health risks. A significant knowledge gap is, thus, noted for this subject, indicating the need to monitor PAH elasmobranch contamination in consumed shark and ray species worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francielli Casanova Monteiro
- Departamento de Química, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio de Janeiro (PUC-Rio), Rua Marquês de São Vicente Street, 225, Gávea, Rio de Janeiro 22453-900, Brazil
| | - Renato da Silva Carreira
- Departamento de Química, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio de Janeiro (PUC-Rio), Rua Marquês de São Vicente Street, 225, Gávea, Rio de Janeiro 22453-900, Brazil
| | - Kamila Cezar Gramlich
- Departamento de Química, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio de Janeiro (PUC-Rio), Rua Marquês de São Vicente Street, 225, Gávea, Rio de Janeiro 22453-900, Brazil
| | - Júlia Vianna de Pinho
- Instituto de Química, Departmento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro 21941-909, Brazil; Instituto Nacional de Controle de Qualidade em Saúde, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (Fiocruz), Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Vigilância Sanitária, Instituto Nacional de Controle de Qualidade em Saúde, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (Fiocruz), Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil
| | - Carlos German Massone
- Departamento de Química, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio de Janeiro (PUC-Rio), Rua Marquês de São Vicente Street, 225, Gávea, Rio de Janeiro 22453-900, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Vianna
- Laboratório de Biologia e Tecnologia Pesqueira, Departamento de Biologia Marinha, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Avenida Carlos Chagas Filho, 373, CCS, Bl. A., Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-541, Brazil; Instituto Museu Aquário Marinho do Rio de Janeiro (IMAM), Centro de Pesquisas do Aquário do Rio de Janeiro, AquaRio, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Rachel Ann Hauser-Davis
- Laboratório de Avaliação e Promoção da Saúde Ambiental, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Av. Brasil 4365, 21045-900 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil..
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2
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Maioli F, Weigel B, Chiarabelli E, Manfredi C, Anibaldi A, Isailović I, Vrgoč N, Casini M. Influence of ecological traits on spatio-temporal dynamics of an elasmobranch community in a heavily exploited basin. Sci Rep 2023; 13:9596. [PMID: 37311785 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-36038-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Elasmobranchs, which include sharks and batoids, play critical roles in maintaining the integrity and stability of marine food webs. However, these cartilaginous fish are among the most threatened vertebrate lineages due to their widespread depletion. Consequently, understanding dynamics and predicting changes of elasmobranch communities are major research topics in conservation ecology. Here, we leverage long-term catch data from a standardized bottom trawl survey conducted from 1996 to 2019, to evaluate the spatio-temporal dynamics of the elasmobranch community in the heavily exploited Adriatic Sea, where these fish have historically been depleted. We use joint species distribution modeling to quantify the responses of the species to environmental variation while also including important traits such as species age at first maturity, reproductive mode, trophic level, and phylogenetic information. We present spatio-temporal changes in the species community and associated modification of the trait composition, highlighting strong spatial and depth-mediated patterning. We observed an overall increase in the abundance of the dominant elasmobranch species, except for spurdog, which has shown a continued decline. However, our results showed that the present community displays lower age at first maturity and a smaller fraction of viviparous species compared to the earlier observed community due to changes in species' relative abundance. The selected traits contributed considerably to explaining community patterns, suggesting that the integration of trait-based approaches in elasmobranch community analyses can aid efforts to conserve this important lineage of fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federico Maioli
- Department of Biological, Geological, and Environmental Sciences, Laboratory of Marine Biology and Fisheries, University of Bologna, 61032, Fano, Italy.
| | - Benjamin Weigel
- Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research Programme, Research Centre for Ecological Change, University of Helsinki, 00100, Helsinki, Finland
- EABX, INRAE, 33612, Cestas, France
| | - Elettra Chiarabelli
- Department of Biological, Geological, and Environmental Sciences, Laboratory of Marine Biology and Fisheries, University of Bologna, 61032, Fano, Italy
- CoNISMa, 00196, Rome, Italy
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, 34127, Trieste, Italy
| | - Chiara Manfredi
- Department of Biological, Geological, and Environmental Sciences, Laboratory of Marine Biology and Fisheries, University of Bologna, 61032, Fano, Italy
| | - Alessandra Anibaldi
- Department of Biological, Geological, and Environmental Sciences, Laboratory of Marine Biology and Fisheries, University of Bologna, 61032, Fano, Italy
- CoNISMa, 00196, Rome, Italy
| | - Igor Isailović
- Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries, 21000, Split, Croatia
| | - Nedo Vrgoč
- Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries, 21000, Split, Croatia
| | - Michele Casini
- Department of Biological, Geological, and Environmental Sciences, Laboratory of Marine Biology and Fisheries, University of Bologna, 61032, Fano, Italy.
- Department of Aquatic Resources, Institute of Marine Research, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 45330, Lysekil, Sweden.
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3
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Sharrad AE, Reis-Santos P, Austin J, Gillanders BM. Umbrella terms conceal the sale of threatened shark species: A DNA barcoding approach. Food Control 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2023.109606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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4
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Rodríguez NB, Harms-Tuohy C, Schizas NV. Using DNA Barcoding to Identify Seafood Fraud in Puerto Rico. CARIBB J SCI 2022. [DOI: 10.18475/cjos.v52i2.a14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Natalie Báez Rodríguez
- Department of Marine Sciences, University of Puerto Rico at Mayagüez, Mayagüez, Puerto Rico
| | | | - Nikolaos V. Schizas
- Department of Marine Sciences, University of Puerto Rico at Mayagüez, Mayagüez, Puerto Rico
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5
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Giovos I, Brundo MV, Doumpas N, Kazlari Z, Loukovitis D, Moutopoulos DK, Spyridopoulou RNA, Papadopoulou A, Papapetrou M, Tiralongo F, Ferrante M, Copat C. Trace elements in edible tissues of elasmobranchs from the North Aegean Sea (Eastern Mediterranean) and potential risks from consumption. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2022; 184:114129. [PMID: 36307944 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2022.114129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Revised: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Trace elements have the potential to bioaccumulate in marine organisms and to biomagnify towards the upper levels of marine trophic webs, resulting in a range of negative effects on organisms. Elasmobranchs are highly susceptible to bioaccumulation of trace metals, while their consumption by humans is increasing worldwide. Therefore, it is important to monitor the trace metal content in the edible tissues of elasmobranchs. This work reveals the content of 12 trace metals in the edible tissues of 10 elasmobranch species caught in Greek waters. Levels above the permissible limits for Hg and Pb were found in some species, while analysis of the lifetime consumption risk for adults and children using the Target Hazard Quotient (THQ), revealed a high risk for two of the most toxic substances on the priority list for substances, namely As and Hg. These are preliminary results, and further research is required to understand better the issue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioannis Giovos
- iSea, Environmental Organisation for the Preservation of the Aquatic Ecosystems, Thessaloníki, Greece; University of Patras, Department of Animal Production, Fisheries & Aquaculture, Mesolongi, Greece; Department of Biology, University of Padova, Via U. Bassi 58/B, 35131 Padova, Italy.
| | - Maria Violetta Brundo
- Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Nikolaos Doumpas
- iSea, Environmental Organisation for the Preservation of the Aquatic Ecosystems, Thessaloníki, Greece
| | - Zoi Kazlari
- Lab of Agrobiotechnology and Inspection of Agricultural Products, School of Agriculture, International Hellenic University, Sindos, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Dimitrios Loukovitis
- Lab of Agrobiotechnology and Inspection of Agricultural Products, School of Agriculture, International Hellenic University, Sindos, Thessaloniki, Greece; Research Institute of Animal Science, ELGO Demeter, 58100 Paralimni, Giannitsa, Greece
| | - Dimitrios K Moutopoulos
- University of Patras, Department of Animal Production, Fisheries & Aquaculture, Mesolongi, Greece
| | | | - Athina Papadopoulou
- iSea, Environmental Organisation for the Preservation of the Aquatic Ecosystems, Thessaloníki, Greece
| | - Maria Papapetrou
- Lab of Agrobiotechnology and Inspection of Agricultural Products, School of Agriculture, International Hellenic University, Sindos, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Francesco Tiralongo
- Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy; Ente Fauna Marina Mediterranea, Avola, Italy
| | - Margherita Ferrante
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Advanced Technologies "G.F. Ingrassia", University of Catania, Via Santa Sofia 87, Catania 95123, Italy
| | - Chiara Copat
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Advanced Technologies "G.F. Ingrassia", University of Catania, Via Santa Sofia 87, Catania 95123, Italy
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Muñoz-Arnanz J, Bartalini A, Alves L, Lemos MF, Novais SC, Jiménez B. Occurrence and distribution of persistent organic pollutants in the liver and muscle of Atlantic blue sharks: Relevance and health risks. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 309:119750. [PMID: 35839970 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.119750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2022] [Revised: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Blue shark score among the most abundant, widely distributed and worldwide consumed elasmobranchs. In this work contents of PCBs, PCDD/Fs and PBDEs were studied by means of GC-HRMS in muscle and liver of sixty blue sharks from the North East Atlantic sampled in 2019. Concentrations relatively similar were found for PCBs and PCDD/Fs in comparison with those in Atlantic specimens from the same area sampled in 2015. In contrast, PBDE loads doubled, likely mirroring the increased environmental presence of these pollutants. This, together with the different congener profiles reported for the same species in other geographical areas, highlighted the blue shark's potential as bioindicator of the degree and fingerprints of regional pollution by POPs. Interesting dissimilarities between muscle and liver concentrations were detected, most likely ascribed to distinct toxicokinetics involved for the different pollutants. Whereas most POPs preferentially accumulated in liver, some did the opposite in muscle. BDE-209 was the most prominent example, being almost negligible its presence in liver (0.3%) while accounting for ca. 14% of the total PBDE content in muscle. Different findings in this regard described for other shark species call for focused research to ascertain the role of the species in this apparent favored metabolization of BDE-209 in the liver. From a consumption perspective, the concentrations found in muscle -the most relevant part in the human diet-for PCBs and dioxin-like POPs were below the EU maximum allowed levels in foodstuff. Conversely, in liver about 58% and 78% of samples overpassed the European levels for tolerable intake of i-PCBs and dioxin POPs, respectively. Concentrations of PBDEs exceeded EQS (0.0085 ng/g w.w.) established by the European Water Framework Directive in 100% and 92% of liver and muscle samples, respectively, which adds to the open debate of such as a reduce value for this current EQS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Muñoz-Arnanz
- Department of Instrumental Analysis and Environmental Chemistry, Institute of Organic Chemistry, IQOG-CSIC, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Alice Bartalini
- Department of Instrumental Analysis and Environmental Chemistry, Institute of Organic Chemistry, IQOG-CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Luis Alves
- MARE- Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre & ARNET - Aquatic Research Infrastructure Network Associated Laboratory, ESTM, Polytechnic of Leiria, Peniche, Portugal
| | - Marco Fl Lemos
- MARE- Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre & ARNET - Aquatic Research Infrastructure Network Associated Laboratory, ESTM, Polytechnic of Leiria, Peniche, Portugal
| | - Sara C Novais
- MARE- Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre & ARNET - Aquatic Research Infrastructure Network Associated Laboratory, ESTM, Polytechnic of Leiria, Peniche, Portugal
| | - Begoña Jiménez
- Department of Instrumental Analysis and Environmental Chemistry, Institute of Organic Chemistry, IQOG-CSIC, Madrid, Spain
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7
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Affiliation(s)
- Bianca S Rangel
- Departamento de Fisiologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, Cidade Universitária, São Paulo, SP, Brazil. .,Sea Shepherd Brasil, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Barreto
- Centro Nacional de Pesquisa e Conservação da Biodiversidade Marinha do Sudeste e Sul do Brasil, Instituto Chico Mendes de Conservação da Biodiversidade, Itajaí, Brazil
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8
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Biological Knowledge of Thornback Ray ( Raja clavata) from the Azores: Improving Scientific Information for the Effectiveness of Species-Specific Management Measures. BIOLOGY 2021; 10:biology10070676. [PMID: 34356531 PMCID: PMC8301307 DOI: 10.3390/biology10070676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary Sharks, rays, and skates are increasingly being recognized as endangered due to their life-history characteristics, fishing pressure, and habitat degradation. The thornback ray Raja clavata is one of the most commercially important skates in the seas of Northwest Europe. However, due to a lack of biological knowledge about this species in Azorean waters, the types of stock evaluations that can be performed are restricted. This study expands current knowledge on vertical distribution, size-frequency distributions, growth patterns, sex ratios, mortality rates, and reproduction of this species, and provides a baseline for further fishing monitoring. Abstract Elasmobranchs are globally recognized as vulnerable due to their life-history characteristics, fishing pressure, and habitat degradation. Among the skates and rays caught by commercial fisheries, the thornback ray Raja clavata is one of the most economically important in Northwest European seas. However, the scarcity of biological knowledge about this species in Azorean waters has limited the stock assessment types that can be conducted. To improve information on its habitat preferences, spatial distribution and movement pattern, growth, sex ratio, mortality, and reproduction, as well as to investigate long-term changes in abundance and size, this study analyzed approximately 25 years of fishery-dependent and independent data from the Azores. Raja clavata was mainly caught at depths up to 250 m. Most of the tagged fish were recaptured near the release point. A larger–deeper trend was found, and females were larger and more abundant than males. Life-history parameters showed that R. clavata has a long lifespan, large size, slow growth, and low natural mortality. The sustainability of its population is of concern to fisheries management and, while our findings suggested a relatively healthy stock in the Azores, a thorough increase in data quality is required to better understand the stock condition and prevent overexploitation.
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Illegal, Unreported, and Unregulated Fisheries Threatening Shark Conservation in African Waters Revealed from High Levels of Shark Mislabelling in Ghana. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:genes12071002. [PMID: 34210039 PMCID: PMC8305889 DOI: 10.3390/genes12071002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Revised: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Mislabelling of fish and fish products has attracted much attention over the last decades, following public awareness of the practice of substituting high-value with low-value fish in markets, restaurants, and processed seafood. In some cases, mislabelling includes illegal, unreported, and unregulated (IUU) fishing, contributing to overexploit substitute species that are undetectable when sold under wrong names. This is the first study of DNA barcoding to assess the level of mislabelling in fish marketed in Ghana, focusing on endangered shark species. Genetic identification was obtained from 650 base pair sequences within the cytochrome c oxidase I (COI) gene. All except one of 17 shark fillets analysed were wrongly labelled as compared with none of 28 samples of small commercial pelagic fish and 14 commercial shark samples purchased in Europe. Several substitute shark species in Ghana are endangered (Carcharhinus signatus and Isurusoxyrinchus) and critically endangered (Squatina aculeata). Shark products commercialized in Europe (n = 14) did not reveal mislabelling, thus specific shark mislabelling cannot be generalized. Although based on a limited number of samples and fish markets, the results that reveal trade of endangered sharks in Ghana markets encourage Ghanaian authorities to improve controls to enforce conservation measures.
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10
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Consumers of mislabeled tropical fish exhibit increased risks of ciguatera intoxication: A report on substitution patterns in fish imported at Frankfurt Airport, Germany. Food Control 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2020.107647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Pheasey H, Matechou E, Griffiths RA, Roberts DL. Trade of legal and illegal marine wildlife products in markets: integrating shopping list and survival analysis approaches. Anim Conserv 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/acv.12675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- H. Pheasey
- Durrell Institute of Conservation and Ecology School of Anthropology and Conservation University of Kent Canterbury Kent United Kingdom
| | - E. Matechou
- Statistical Ecology@Kent School of Mathematics, Statistics and Actuarial Science University of Kent Sibson Building Canterbury Kent United Kingdom
| | - R. A. Griffiths
- Durrell Institute of Conservation and Ecology School of Anthropology and Conservation University of Kent Canterbury Kent United Kingdom
| | - D. L. Roberts
- Durrell Institute of Conservation and Ecology School of Anthropology and Conservation University of Kent Canterbury Kent United Kingdom
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Cardeñosa D, Fields AT, Babcock EA, Shea SKH, Feldheim KA, Chapman DD. Species composition of the largest shark fin retail-market in mainland China. Sci Rep 2020; 10:12914. [PMID: 32737392 PMCID: PMC7395743 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-69555-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Species-specific monitoring through large shark fin market surveys has been a valuable data source to estimate global catches and international shark fin trade dynamics. Hong Kong and Guangzhou, mainland China, are the largest shark fin markets and consumption centers in the world. We used molecular identification protocols on randomly collected processed fin trimmings (n = 2000) and non-parametric species estimators to investigate the species composition of the Guangzhou retail market and compare the species diversity between the Guangzhou and Hong Kong shark fin retail markets. Species diversity was similar between both trade hubs with a small subset of species dominating the composition. The blue shark (Prionace glauca) was the most common species overall followed by the CITES-listed silky shark (Carcharhinus falciformis), scalloped hammerhead shark (Sphyrna lewini), smooth hammerhead shark (S. zygaena) and shortfin mako shark (Isurus oxyrinchus). Our results support previous indications of high connectivity between the shark fin markets of Hong Kong and mainland China and suggest that systematic studies of other fin trade hubs within Mainland China and stronger law-enforcement protocols and capacity building are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Cardeñosa
- School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, USA. .,Fundación Colombia Azul, Bogotá, Colombia.
| | - Andrew T Fields
- School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, USA
| | - Elizabeth A Babcock
- Department of Marine Biology and Ecology, Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, University of Miami, Miami, FL, 33149, USA
| | - Stanley K H Shea
- BLOOM Association, c/o, ADMCF, Suite 2405, Queen's Road Central, Hong Kong, China
| | - Kevin A Feldheim
- Pritzker Laboratory for Molecular Systematics and Evolution, The Field Museum, Chicago, IL, 60605, USA
| | - Demian D Chapman
- Department of Biological Sciences, Florida International University, 3000 NE 151st Street, North Miami, FL, 33181, USA
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Xiong X, Yuan F, Huang M, Cao M, Xiong X. Comparative Evaluation of Web Page and Label Presentation for Imported Seafood Products Sold on Chinese E-Commerce Platform and Molecular Identification Using DNA Barcoding. J Food Prot 2020; 83:256-265. [PMID: 31961225 DOI: 10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-19-309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2019] [Accepted: 10/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT With the expansion of e-commerce, an increasing number of Chinese consumers are turning to online markets to purchase foreign seafood. When buying seafood online, customers cannot physically evaluate the product, and the market Web page instead of the seafood label conveys all of the product information. However, specific regulations concerning the information presented on the Web page have not been created, which may foster seafood fraud and misdescription. Because mislabeling of seafood has become a widely reported issue in the Chinese offline market, the online scenario must be investigated comprehensively. This study focused on various seafood products that originated from 20 countries and were sold by one of the largest e-commerce companies in China. For each country, only the product with the greatest overall monthly transaction volume was selected, and 5 samples were purchased per product for a total of 100 samples. The Web page description (including the heading of the Web page and the description of the commodity) and the label of the received products were compared to evaluate the description consistency. DNA barcoding technology was used for seafood species identification, and the scientific names retrieved from the sequence analysis after consulting the Barcode of Life Data systems and GenBank were compared with the expected species, genus, and family to determine the description authenticity. Only 25% of the samples had consistent descriptions on the Web page and on the label of the received product. Most of the inconsistency originated from the geographical origin, and only four products (G10, G50, G19, and G69) had inconsistent species, genus, and family descriptions. Molecular analysis revealed that in 65% of samples the species was correctly described. The online seafood market presents challenges regarding seafood fraud and opportunities for seafood species substitution. HIGHLIGHTS
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiong Xiong
- College of Food Science and Light Industry, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211800, People's Republic of China
| | - Fangying Yuan
- College of Food Science and Light Industry, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211800, People's Republic of China
| | - Manhong Huang
- College of Food Science and Light Industry, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211800, People's Republic of China
| | - Min Cao
- College of Food Science and Light Industry, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211800, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaohui Xiong
- College of Food Science and Light Industry, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211800, People's Republic of China
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14
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Mazzoldi C, Bearzi G, Brito C, Carvalho I, Desiderà E, Endrizzi L, Freitas L, Giacomello E, Giovos I, Guidetti P, Ressurreição A, Tull M, MacDiarmid A. From sea monsters to charismatic megafauna: Changes in perception and use of large marine animals. PLoS One 2020; 14:e0226810. [PMID: 31891944 PMCID: PMC6938407 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0226810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Marine megafauna has always elicited contrasting feelings. In the past, large marine animals were often depicted as fantastic mythological creatures and dangerous monsters, while also arousing human curiosity. Marine megafauna has been a valuable resource to exploit, leading to the collapse of populations and local extinctions. In addition, some species have been perceived as competitors of fishers for marine resources and were often actively culled. Since the 1970s, there has been a change in the perception and use of megafauna. The growth of marine tourism, increasingly oriented towards the observation of wildlife, has driven a shift from extractive to non-extractive use, supporting the conservation of at least some species of marine megafauna. In this paper, we review and compare the changes in the perception and use of three megafaunal groups, cetaceans, elasmobranchs and groupers, with a special focus on European cultures. We highlight the main drivers and the timing of these changes, compare different taxonomic groups and species, and highlight the implications for management and conservation. One of the main drivers of the shift in perception, shared by all the three groups of megafauna, has been a general increase in curiosity towards wildlife, stimulated inter alia by documentaries (from the early 1970s onwards), and also promoted by easy access to scuba diving. At the same time, environmental campaigns have been developed to raise public awareness regarding marine wildlife, especially cetaceans, a process greatly facilitated by the rise of Internet and the World Wide Web. Currently, all the three groups (cetaceans, elasmobranchs and groupers) may represent valuable resources for ecotourism. Strikingly, the economic value of live specimens may exceed their value for human consumption. A further change in perception involving all the three groups is related to a growing understanding and appreciation of their key ecological role. The shift from extractive to non-extractive use has the potential for promoting species conservation and local economic growth. However, the change in use may not benefit the original stakeholders (e.g. fishers or whalers) and there may therefore be a case for providing compensation for disadvantaged stakeholders. Moreover, it is increasingly clear that even non-extractive use may have a negative impact on marine megafauna, therefore regulations are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlotta Mazzoldi
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
- CoNISMa (Interuniversitary Consortium of Marine Sciences), Rome, Italy
- * E-mail:
| | | | - Cristina Brito
- CHAM—Center for the Humanities, NOVA FCSH/Uaç, Lisbon, Portugal
- Associação para as Ciências do Mar, APCM, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Inês Carvalho
- Associação para as Ciências do Mar, APCM, Lisbon, Portugal
- Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência, IGC, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Elena Desiderà
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
- Université Côte d’Azur, CNRS, UMR 7035 ECOSEAS, Nice, France
| | - Lara Endrizzi
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Luis Freitas
- Museu da Baleia da Madeira, Caniçal, Madeira, Portugal
| | - Eva Giacomello
- MARE–Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Horta, Portugal
- IMAR-Instituto do Mar, Horta, Portugal
- OKEANOS Centre, University of the Azores, Horta, Portugal
| | - Ioannis Giovos
- iSea, Environmental Organisation for the Preservation of the Aquatic Ecosystems, Greece
| | - Paolo Guidetti
- CoNISMa (Interuniversitary Consortium of Marine Sciences), Rome, Italy
- Université Côte d’Azur, CNRS, UMR 7035 ECOSEAS, Nice, France
| | - Adriana Ressurreição
- MARE–Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Horta, Portugal
- OKEANOS Centre, University of the Azores, Horta, Portugal
- CCMAR Centre of Marine Sciences, Faro, Portugal
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Cardeñosa D, Shea KH, Zhang H, Feldheim K, Fischer GA, Chapman DD. Small fins, large trade: a snapshot of the species composition of low‐value shark fins in the Hong Kong markets. Anim Conserv 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/acv.12529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- D. Cardeñosa
- School of Marine and Atmospheric Science Stony Brook University Stony Brook NY USA
- Fundación Colombia Azul Bogotá Colombia
| | | | - H. Zhang
- Kadoorie Farm and Botanic Garden Tai Po Hong Kong
| | - K. Feldheim
- Pritzker Laboratory for Molecular Systematics and Evolution The Field Museum Chicago IL USA
| | | | - D. D. Chapman
- Department of Biological Sciences Florida International University North Miami FL USA
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16
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Xiong X, Yuan F, Huang M, Lu L, Xiong X, Wen J. DNA Barcoding Revealed Mislabeling and Potential Health Concerns with Roasted Fish Products Sold across China. J Food Prot 2019; 82:1200-1209. [PMID: 31233362 DOI: 10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-18-514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
HIGHLIGHTS 75.5% of products were identified as species outside the expected family. Six products were identified as containing multiple species from distinct families. Species from distinct families were verified in products of same brand for six groups. Identification of potentially toxic pufferfish species highlighted health concerns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiong Xiong
- 1 College of Food Science and Light Industry, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211800, People's Republic of China
| | - Fangying Yuan
- 1 College of Food Science and Light Industry, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211800, People's Republic of China
| | - Manhong Huang
- 1 College of Food Science and Light Industry, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211800, People's Republic of China
| | - Lixia Lu
- 1 College of Food Science and Light Industry, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211800, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaohui Xiong
- 1 College of Food Science and Light Industry, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211800, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Wen
- 2 Department of Biology, Lingnan Normal University, Zhanjiang, 524048, People's Republic of China
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17
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Ferrette BLDS, Domingues RR, Rotundo MM, Miranda MP, Bunholi IV, De Biasi JB, Oliveira C, Foresti F, Mendonça FF. DNA Barcode Reveals the Bycatch of Endangered Batoids Species in the Southwest Atlantic: Implications for Sustainable Fisheries Management and Conservation Efforts. Genes (Basel) 2019; 10:genes10040304. [PMID: 31003471 PMCID: PMC6523448 DOI: 10.3390/genes10040304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2019] [Revised: 04/01/2019] [Accepted: 04/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Today, elasmobranchs are one the most threatened vertebrate groups worldwide. In fact, at least 90% of elasmobranch species are listed in the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List, while more than 40% are data-deficient. Although these vertebrates are mainly affected by unsustainable fishery activities, bycatch is also one of the major threats to sharks and batoids worldwide, and represents a challenge for both sustainable fishery management and for biodiversity and conservational efforts. Thus, in this study, DNA barcode methodology was used to identify the bycatch composition of batoid species from small-scale industrial fisheries in the southwest Atlantic and artisanal fisheries from southeast Brazil. A total of 228 individuals belonging to four Chondrichthyes orders, seven families, and at least 17 distinct batoid species were sequenced; among these individuals, 131 belonged to species protected in Brazil, 101 to globally threatened species, and some to species with trade restrictions provided by Appendix II of the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species (CITES). These results highlight the impacts on marine biodiversity of bycatch by small-scale industrial and unmanaged artisanal fisheries from the southwest Atlantic, and support the implementation of DNA-based methodologies for species-specific identification in data-poor fisheries as a powerful tool for improving the quality of fisheries’ catch statistics and for keeping precise bycatch records.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Lopes da Silva Ferrette
- Laboratório de Genética e Conservação, Universidade Santa Cecília (UNISANTA), Santos 11045-907, Brazil.
- Laboratório de Genética Pesqueira e Conservação (GenPesC), Instituto do Mar, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Santos 11070-102, Brazil.
| | - Rodrigo Rodrigues Domingues
- Laboratório de Genética Pesqueira e Conservação (GenPesC), Instituto do Mar, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Santos 11070-102, Brazil.
| | - Matheus Marcos Rotundo
- Acervo Zoológico, Universidade Santa Cecília (UNISANTA), Oswaldo Cruz St. 266, Santos 11045-907, Brazil.
| | - Marina Provetti Miranda
- Laboratório de Genética Pesqueira e Conservação (GenPesC), Instituto do Mar, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Santos 11070-102, Brazil.
| | - Ingrid Vasconcellos Bunholi
- Laboratório de Genética Pesqueira e Conservação (GenPesC), Instituto do Mar, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Santos 11070-102, Brazil.
| | - Juliana Beltramin De Biasi
- Laboratório de Genética Pesqueira e Conservação (GenPesC), Instituto do Mar, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Santos 11070-102, Brazil.
| | - Claudio Oliveira
- Laboratório de Biologia e Genética de Peixes (LBGP), Instituto de Biociências de Botucatu (IBB), Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho" (UNESP), Botucatu 18618-689, Brazil.
| | - Fausto Foresti
- Laboratório de Biologia e Genética de Peixes (LBGP), Instituto de Biociências de Botucatu (IBB), Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho" (UNESP), Botucatu 18618-689, Brazil.
| | - Fernando Fernandes Mendonça
- Laboratório de Genética Pesqueira e Conservação (GenPesC), Instituto do Mar, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Santos 11070-102, Brazil.
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18
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Marín A, Serna J, Robles C, Ramírez B, Reyes-Flores LE, Zelada-Mázmela E, Sotil G, Alfaro R. A glimpse into the genetic diversity of the Peruvian seafood sector: Unveiling species substitution, mislabeling and trade of threatened species. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0206596. [PMID: 30444869 PMCID: PMC6239289 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0206596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2018] [Accepted: 10/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Peru is one of the world's leading fishing nations and its seafood industry relies on the trade of a vast variety of aquatic resources, playing a key role in the country's socio-economic development. DNA barcoding has become of paramount importance for systematics, conservation, and seafood traceability, complementing or even surpassing conventional identification methods when target organisms show similar morphology during the early life stages, have recently diverged, or have undergone processing. Aiming to increase our knowledge of the species diversity available across the Peruvian supply chain (from fish landing sites to markets and restaurants), we applied full and mini-barcoding approaches targeting three mitochondrial genes (COI, 16S, and 12S) and the control region to identify samples purchased at retailers from six departments along the north-central Peruvian coast. DNA barcodes from 131 samples were assigned to 55 species (plus five genus-level taxa) comprising 47 families, 24 orders, and six classes including Actinopterygii (45.03%), Chondrichthyes (36.64%), Bivalvia (6.87%), Cephalopoda (6.11%), Malacostraca (3.82%), and Gastropoda (1.53%). The identified samples included commercially important pelagic (anchovy, bonito, dolphinfish) and demersal (hake, smooth-hound, Peruvian rock seabass, croaker) fish species. Our results unveiled the marketing of protected and threatened species such as whale shark, Atlantic white marlin, smooth hammerhead (some specimens collected during closed season), shortfin mako, and pelagic thresher sharks. A total of 35 samples (26.72%) were mislabeled, including tilapia labeled as wild marine fish, dolphinfish and hake labeled as grouper, and different shark species sold as "smooth-hounds". The present study highlights the necessity of implementing traceability and monitoring programs along the entire seafood supply chain using molecular tools to enhance sustainability efforts and ensure consumer choice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan Marín
- Biodes Laboratorios Soluciones Integrales S.C.R.L., Tumbes, Perú
- * E-mail:
| | - José Serna
- Biodes Laboratorios Soluciones Integrales S.C.R.L., Tumbes, Perú
| | - Christian Robles
- Biodes Laboratorios Soluciones Integrales S.C.R.L., Tumbes, Perú
| | - Beder Ramírez
- Laboratorio Costero de Tumbes, Instituto del Mar del Perú-IMARPE, Tumbes, Perú
| | - Lorenzo E. Reyes-Flores
- Laboratorio de Genética, Fisiología y Reproducción, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional del Santa, Chimbote, Perú
| | - Eliana Zelada-Mázmela
- Laboratorio de Genética, Fisiología y Reproducción, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional del Santa, Chimbote, Perú
| | - Giovanna Sotil
- Laboratorio de Genética Molecular, Instituto del Mar del Perú-IMARPE, Lima, Perú
| | - Ruben Alfaro
- Laboratorio de Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Nacional de Tumbes, Tumbes, Perú
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19
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Xiong X, Yao L, Ying X, Lu L, Guardone L, Armani A, Guidi A, Xiong X. Multiple fish species identified from China's roasted Xue Yu fillet products using DNA and mini-DNA barcoding: Implications on human health and marine sustainability. Food Control 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2017.12.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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20
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Martins APB, Feitosa LM, Lessa RP, Almeida ZS, Heupel M, Silva WM, Tchaicka L, Nunes JLS. Analysis of the supply chain and conservation status of sharks (Elasmobranchii: Superorder Selachimorpha) based on fisher knowledge. PLoS One 2018. [PMID: 29534100 PMCID: PMC5849302 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0193969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Increasing fishing effort has caused declines in shark populations worldwide. Understanding biological and ecological characteristics of sharks is essential to effectively implement management measures, but to fully understand drivers of fishing pressure social factors must be considered through multidisciplinary and integrated approaches. The present study aimed to use fisher and trader knowledge to describe the shark catch and product supply chain in Northeastern Brazil, and evaluate perceptions regarding the regional conservation status of shark species. Non-systematic observations and structured individual interviews were conducted with experienced fishers and traders. The demand and economic value of shark fins has reportedly decreased over the last 10 years while the shark meat trade has increased slightly, including a small increase in the average price per kilogram of meat. Several threatened shark species were reportedly often captured off shore and traded at local markets. This reported and observed harvest breaches current Brazilian environmental laws. Fishing communities are aware of population declines of several shark species, but rarely take action to avoid capture of sharks. The continuing capture of sharks is mainly due to a lack of knowledge of environmental laws, lack of enforcement by responsible authorities, and difficulties encountered by fishers in finding alternative income streams. National and regional conservation measures are immediately required to reduce overfishing on shark populations in Northeastern Brazil. Social and economic improvements for poor fishing communities must also be implemented to achieve sustainable fisheries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Paula Barbosa Martins
- Centre for Sustainable Tropical Fisheries and Aquaculture & College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Townsville, Qld, Australia
- Australian Institute of Marine Science, Townsville, Qld, Australia
- CAPES Foundation, Ministry of Education of Brazil, Brasilia–DF, Brazil
- * E-mail:
| | - Leonardo Manir Feitosa
- Universidade Federal de Pernambuco—Av. Professor Moraes Rego, Cidade Universitária. Recife–PE, Brazil
- Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco–Rua Dom Manuel de Medeiros, s/n, Dois Irmãos. Recife–PE, Brazil
| | - Rosangela Paula Lessa
- Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco–Rua Dom Manuel de Medeiros, s/n, Dois Irmãos. Recife–PE, Brazil
| | - Zafira Silva Almeida
- Universidade Estadual do Maranhão–Cidade Universitária Paulo VI, s/n, Tirirical. São Luís–MA, Brazil
| | - Michelle Heupel
- Centre for Sustainable Tropical Fisheries and Aquaculture & College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Townsville, Qld, Australia
- Australian Institute of Marine Science, Townsville, Qld, Australia
| | - Wagner Macedo Silva
- Universidade Estadual do Maranhão–Cidade Universitária Paulo VI, s/n, Tirirical. São Luís–MA, Brazil
| | - Ligia Tchaicka
- Universidade Estadual do Maranhão–Cidade Universitária Paulo VI, s/n, Tirirical. São Luís–MA, Brazil
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21
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Staffen CF, Staffen MD, Becker ML, Löfgren SE, Muniz YCN, de Freitas RHA, Marrero AR. DNA barcoding reveals the mislabeling of fish in a popular tourist destination in Brazil. PeerJ 2017; 5:e4006. [PMID: 29201560 PMCID: PMC5712207 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.4006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2017] [Accepted: 10/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The consumption of raw fish has increased considerably in the West, since it is said to be potentially healthier than processed fish (for containing omega 3 and 6, essential amino acids and vitamins). However this potential benefit, as well as the taste, value and even the risk of extinction are not the same for all species of fish, constituting grounds for fraud. Using the principles of the DNA barcode we revealed mislabelling of fish in Japanese restaurants and fishmarkets in Florianópolis, a popular tourist capital in Brazil. We sequenced the COI gene of 65 samples from fisheries and 80 from restaurants and diagnosed 30% of mislabeled samples in fisheries and 26% in restaurants. We discussed that frauds may have occurred for different reasons: to circumvent surveillance on threatened species; to sell fish with sizes smaller than allowed or abundant species as being a much rarer species (law of supply); to induce product consumption using species with better taste. It should be noted that some substitutions are derived from incorrect identification and are not a fraud per se; they are due to confusion of popular names or misunderstanding by the sellers. Therefore, we suggest the implementation of a systematic regulatory program conducted by governmental agencies to reduce mislabelling in order to avoid further damage to the community (in health and financial issues) and fish stocks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clisten Fátima Staffen
- Biologia Celular, Embriologia e Genética (LAPOGE), Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Mari Dalva Staffen
- Biologia Celular, Embriologia e Genética (LAPOGE), Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Mariana Londero Becker
- Biologia Celular, Embriologia e Genética (LAPOGE), Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Sara Emelie Löfgren
- Biologia Celular, Embriologia e Genética (LAPOGE), Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Yara Costa Netto Muniz
- Biologia Celular, Embriologia e Genética (LAPOGE), Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | | | - Andrea Rita Marrero
- Biologia Celular, Embriologia e Genética (LAPOGE), Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
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22
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Marinsek GP, Viliod MCDL, Mari RDB. Ecomorphology of the digestive tract of the brazilian electric ray Narcine brasiliensis
(Olfers, 1831) (Torpediniformes: Narcinidae). ACTA ZOOL-STOCKHOLM 2016. [DOI: 10.1111/azo.12168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Pustiglione Marinsek
- Laboratory of Marine Animal Morphology; Bioscience Institute; São Paulo State University - UNESP; Coastal Campus, Praça Infante Dom Henrique, s/n°, Parque Bitaru São Vicente SP Brazil
| | - Marcela Coffacci de Lima Viliod
- Laboratory of Marine Animal Morphology; Bioscience Institute; São Paulo State University - UNESP; Coastal Campus, Praça Infante Dom Henrique, s/n°, Parque Bitaru São Vicente SP Brazil
| | - Renata de Britto Mari
- Laboratory of Marine Animal Morphology; Bioscience Institute; São Paulo State University - UNESP; Coastal Campus, Praça Infante Dom Henrique, s/n°, Parque Bitaru São Vicente SP Brazil
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23
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Muñoz-Colmenero M, Martínez JL, Roca A, García-Vázquez E. Authentication of commercial candy ingredients using DNA PCR-cloning methodology. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2016; 96:859-867. [PMID: 25754444 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.7158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2015] [Revised: 02/24/2015] [Accepted: 03/02/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Commercial candies are consumed by all population age sectors worldwide. Methods for quality control and composition authentication are therefore needed for best compliance with consumers' preferences. In this study applications of DNA-based methodology for candy quality control have been tested. Eighteen samples of commercial candies (marshmallows, gumdrops, jelly, sherbet, gelatin-based desserts) produced by five countries were analyzed to identify the component species by polymerase chain reaction, cloning and sequencing of 16S rRNA and ribulose -1,5-diphosphate carboxylase oxygenase genes, and the species determined from BLAST comparison with universal databases and phylogenetic analysis. RESULTS Positive DNA extraction and amplification of the target genes were obtained for 94% of candies assayed, even those containing as little as <0.0005 ng µL(-1) DNA concentration. The results demonstrated that the species detected from DNA were compatible with the information provided on candy labels only in a few products. DNA traces of undeclared species, including fish, were found in most samples, and two products were labeled as vegetarian but contained porcine DNA. CONCLUSION Based on the inaccuracy found on the labels of sweets we recommend the use of DNA tests for quality control of these popular sweets. DNA tests have been useful in this field but next-generation sequencing methods could be more effective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Muñoz-Colmenero
- Laboratory of Genetics of natural resources, Area of Genetics, Department of Functional Biology, University of Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
| | | | - Agustín Roca
- Laboratory of Genetics of natural resources, Area of Genetics, Department of Functional Biology, University of Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
| | - Eva García-Vázquez
- Laboratory of Genetics of natural resources, Area of Genetics, Department of Functional Biology, University of Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
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Dulvy NK, Fowler SL, Musick JA, Cavanagh RD, Kyne PM, Harrison LR, Carlson JK, Davidson LN, Fordham SV, Francis MP, Pollock CM, Simpfendorfer CA, Burgess GH, Carpenter KE, Compagno LJ, Ebert DA, Gibson C, Heupel MR, Livingstone SR, Sanciangco JC, Stevens JD, Valenti S, White WT. Extinction risk and conservation of the world's sharks and rays. eLife 2014. [PMID: 24448405 DOI: 10.7554/elife.00590.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The rapid expansion of human activities threatens ocean-wide biodiversity. Numerous marine animal populations have declined, yet it remains unclear whether these trends are symptomatic of a chronic accumulation of global marine extinction risk. We present the first systematic analysis of threat for a globally distributed lineage of 1,041 chondrichthyan fishes-sharks, rays, and chimaeras. We estimate that one-quarter are threatened according to IUCN Red List criteria due to overfishing (targeted and incidental). Large-bodied, shallow-water species are at greatest risk and five out of the seven most threatened families are rays. Overall chondrichthyan extinction risk is substantially higher than for most other vertebrates, and only one-third of species are considered safe. Population depletion has occurred throughout the world's ice-free waters, but is particularly prevalent in the Indo-Pacific Biodiversity Triangle and Mediterranean Sea. Improved management of fisheries and trade is urgently needed to avoid extinctions and promote population recovery. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.00590.001.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas K Dulvy
- IUCN Species Survival Commission Shark Specialist Group, Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, Canada
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25
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Dulvy NK, Fowler SL, Musick JA, Cavanagh RD, Kyne PM, Harrison LR, Carlson JK, Davidson LN, Fordham SV, Francis MP, Pollock CM, Simpfendorfer CA, Burgess GH, Carpenter KE, Compagno LJ, Ebert DA, Gibson C, Heupel MR, Livingstone SR, Sanciangco JC, Stevens JD, Valenti S, White WT. Extinction risk and conservation of the world's sharks and rays. eLife 2014; 3:e00590. [PMID: 24448405 PMCID: PMC3897121 DOI: 10.7554/elife.00590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 603] [Impact Index Per Article: 60.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The rapid expansion of human activities threatens ocean-wide biodiversity. Numerous marine animal populations have declined, yet it remains unclear whether these trends are symptomatic of a chronic accumulation of global marine extinction risk. We present the first systematic analysis of threat for a globally distributed lineage of 1,041 chondrichthyan fishes—sharks, rays, and chimaeras. We estimate that one-quarter are threatened according to IUCN Red List criteria due to overfishing (targeted and incidental). Large-bodied, shallow-water species are at greatest risk and five out of the seven most threatened families are rays. Overall chondrichthyan extinction risk is substantially higher than for most other vertebrates, and only one-third of species are considered safe. Population depletion has occurred throughout the world’s ice-free waters, but is particularly prevalent in the Indo-Pacific Biodiversity Triangle and Mediterranean Sea. Improved management of fisheries and trade is urgently needed to avoid extinctions and promote population recovery. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.00590.001 Ocean ecosystems are under pressure from overfishing, climate change, habitat destruction and pollution. These pressures have led to documented declines of some fishes in some places, such as those living in coral reefs and on the high seas. However, it is not clear whether these population declines are isolated one-off examples or, instead, if they are sufficiently widespread to risk the extinction of large numbers of species. Most fishes have a skeleton that is made of bone, but sharks and rays have a skeleton that is made of cartilage. A total of 1,041 species has such a skeleton and they are collectively known as the Chondrichthyes. To find out how well these fish are faring, Dulvy et al. worked with more than 300 scientists around the world to assess the conservation status of all 1,041 species. Based on this, Dulvy et al. estimate that one in four of these species are threatened with extinction, mainly as a result of overfishing. Moreover, just 389 species (37.4% of the total) are considered to be safe, which is the lowest fraction of safe species among all vertebrate groups studied to date. The largest sharks and rays are in the most peril, especially those living in shallow waters that are accessible to fisheries. A particular problem is the ‘fin trade’: the fins of sharks and shark-like rays are a delicacy in some Asian countries, and more than half of the chondrichthyans that enter the fin trade are under threat. Whether targeted or caught by boats fishing for other species, sharks and rays are used to supply a market that is largely unmonitored and unregulated. Habitat degradation and loss also pose considerable threats, particularly for freshwater sharks and rays. Dulvy et al. identified three main hotspots where the biodiversity of sharks and rays was particularly seriously threatened—the Indo-Pacific Biodiversity Triangle, Red Sea, and the Mediterranean Sea—and argue that national and international action is needed to protect them from overfishing. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.00590.002
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas K Dulvy
- IUCN Species Survival Commission Shark Specialist Group, Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, Canada
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