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Takeda Y, Kimura F, Takasawa S. Possible Molecular Mechanisms of Hypertension Induced by Sleep Apnea Syndrome/Intermittent Hypoxia. Life (Basel) 2024; 14:157. [PMID: 38276286 PMCID: PMC10821044 DOI: 10.3390/life14010157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 01/13/2024] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Intermittent hypoxia (IH) is a central characteristic of sleep apnea syndrome (SAS), and it subjects cells in the body to repetitive apnea, chronic hypoxia, oxygen desaturation, and hypercapnia. Since SAS is linked to various serious cardiovascular complications, especially hypertension, many studies have been conducted to elucidate the mechanism of hypertension induced by SAS/IH. Hypertension in SAS is associated with numerous cardiovascular disorders. As hypertension is the most common complication of SAS, cell and animal models to study SAS/IH have developed and provided lots of hints for elucidating the molecular mechanisms of hypertension induced by IH. However, the detailed mechanisms are obscure and under investigation. This review outlines the molecular mechanisms of hypertension in IH, which include the regulation systems of reactive oxygen species (ROS) that activate the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) and catecholamine biosynthesis in the sympathetic nervous system, resulting in hypertension. And hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs), Endotheline 1 (ET-1), and inflammatory factors are also mentioned. In addition, we will discuss the influences of SAS/IH in cardiovascular dysfunction and the relationship of microRNA (miRNA)s to regulate the key molecules in each mechanism, which has become more apparent in recent years. These findings provide insight into the pathogenesis of SAS and help in the development of future treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshinori Takeda
- Department of Biochemistry, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-cho, Kashihara 634-8521, Japan;
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-cho, Kashihara 634-8522, Japan;
| | - Fuminori Kimura
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-cho, Kashihara 634-8522, Japan;
| | - Shin Takasawa
- Department of Biochemistry, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-cho, Kashihara 634-8521, Japan;
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Yonekura H, Kato I, Yamamoto Y, Ikeda T, Higashida H, Okamoto H. Biosynthesis and Function of VIP and Oxytocin: Mechanisms of C-terminal Amidation, Oxytocin Secretion and Transport. Endocrinology 2023; 164:bqad121. [PMID: 37548257 DOI: 10.1210/endocr/bqad121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Revised: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/05/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
In this review, we provide the status of research on vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) and oxytocin, typical C-terminal α-amidated peptide hormones, including their precursor protein structures, processing and C-terminal α-amidation, and the recently identified mechanisms of regulation of oxytocin secretion and its transportation through the blood brain barrier. More than half of neural and endocrine peptides, such as VIP and oxytocin, have the α-amide structure at their C-terminus, which is essential for biological activities. We have studied the synthesis and function of C-terminal α-amidated peptides, including VIP and oxytocin, since the 1980s. Human VIP mRNA encoded not only VIP but also another related C-terminal α-amidated peptide, PHM-27 (peptide having amino-terminal histidine, carboxy-terminal methionine amide, and 27 amino acid residues). The human VIP/PHM-27 gene is composed of 7 exons and regulated synergistically by cyclic AMP and protein kinase C pathways. VIP has an essential role in glycemic control using transgenic mouse technology. The peptide C-terminal α-amidation proceeded through a 2-step mechanism catalyzed by 2 different enzymes encoded in a single mRNA. In the oxytocin secretion from the hypothalamus/the posterior pituitary, the CD38-cyclic ADP-ribose signal system, which was first established in the insulin secretion from pancreatic β cells of the islets of Langerhans, was found to be essential. A possible mechanism involving RAGE (receptor for advanced glycation end-products) of the oxytocin transportation from the blood stream into the brain through the blood-brain barrier has also been suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideto Yonekura
- Department of Biochemistry, Kanazawa Medical University School of Medicine, 1-1 Daigaku, Uchinada, Kahoku-gun, Ishikawa 920-0293, Japan
- Department of Biochemistry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8575, Japan
| | - Ichiro Kato
- Department of Biochemistry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8575, Japan
- Department of Biochemistry, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama, Toyama 930-0194, Japan
| | - Yasuhiko Yamamoto
- Department of Biochemistry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8575, Japan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Vascular Biology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, 13-1 Takara-machi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-8640, Japan
| | - Takayuki Ikeda
- Department of Biochemistry, Kanazawa Medical University School of Medicine, 1-1 Daigaku, Uchinada, Kahoku-gun, Ishikawa 920-0293, Japan
- Department of Biochemistry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8575, Japan
| | - Haruhiro Higashida
- Department of Basic Research on Social Recognition and Memory, Research Center for Child Mental Development, Kanazawa University, 13-1 Takara-machi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-8640, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Okamoto
- Department of Biochemistry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8575, Japan
- Department of Biochemistry, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama, Toyama 930-0194, Japan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Vascular Biology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, 13-1 Takara-machi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-8640, Japan
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Mu-U-Min RBA, Diane A, Allouch A, Al-Siddiqi HH. Ca 2+-Mediated Signaling Pathways: A Promising Target for the Successful Generation of Mature and Functional Stem Cell-Derived Pancreatic Beta Cells In Vitro. Biomedicines 2023; 11:1577. [PMID: 37371672 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11061577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is a chronic disease affecting over 500 million adults globally and is mainly categorized as type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM), where pancreatic beta cells are destroyed, and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), characterized by beta cell dysfunction. This review highlights the importance of the divalent cation calcium (Ca2+) and its associated signaling pathways in the proper functioning of beta cells and underlines the effects of Ca2+ dysfunction on beta cell function and its implications for the onset of diabetes. Great interest and promise are held by human pluripotent stem cell (hPSC) technology to generate functional pancreatic beta cells from diabetic patient-derived stem cells to replace the dysfunctional cells, thereby compensating for insulin deficiency and reducing the comorbidities of the disease and its associated financial and social burden on the patient and society. Beta-like cells generated by most current differentiation protocols have blunted functionality compared to their adult human counterparts. The Ca2+ dynamics in stem cell-derived beta-like cells and adult beta cells are summarized in this review, revealing the importance of proper Ca2+ homeostasis in beta-cell function. Consequently, the importance of targeting Ca2+ function in differentiation protocols is suggested to improve current strategies to use hPSCs to generate mature and functional beta-like cells with a comparable glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) profile to adult beta cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Razik Bin Abdul Mu-U-Min
- Diabetes Research Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute (QBRI), Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Qatar Foundation (QF), Doha P.O. Box 34110, Qatar
| | - Abdoulaye Diane
- Diabetes Research Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute (QBRI), Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Qatar Foundation (QF), Doha P.O. Box 34110, Qatar
| | - Asma Allouch
- Diabetes Research Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute (QBRI), Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Qatar Foundation (QF), Doha P.O. Box 34110, Qatar
| | - Heba H Al-Siddiqi
- Diabetes Research Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute (QBRI), Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Qatar Foundation (QF), Doha P.O. Box 34110, Qatar
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Azouaoui D, Choinière MR, Khan M, Sayfi S, Jaffer S, Yousef S, Patten DA, Green AE, Menzies KJ. Meta-analysis of NAD(P)(H) quantification results exhibits variability across mammalian tissues. Sci Rep 2023; 13:2464. [PMID: 36774401 PMCID: PMC9922293 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-29607-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide (NAD+) plays an important role in energy metabolism and signaling pathways controlling crucial cellular functions. The increased interest in NAD+ metabolism and NAD+-boosting therapies has reinforced the necessity for accurate NAD+ quantification. To examine the published NAD(P)(H) measures across mammalian tissues, we performed a meta-analysis of the existing data. An Ovid MEDLINE database search identified articles with NAD(P)(H) quantification results obtained from mammalian tissues published between 1961 and 2021. We screened 4890 records and extracted quantitative data, as well as the quantification methods, pre-analytical conditions, and subject characteristics. The extracted physiological NAD(P)(H) concentrations in various tissues from mice, rats, and humans, revealed an important inter- and intra-method variability that extended to recent publications. This highlights the relatively poor potential for cross-experimental analyses for NAD(P)(H) quantitative data and the importance of standardization for NAD(P)(H) quantification methods and pre-analytical procedures for future preclinical and clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dassine Azouaoui
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Michael René Choinière
- Interdisciplinary School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Momtafin Khan
- Interdisciplinary School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Shahab Sayfi
- Interdisciplinary School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Simran Jaffer
- Interdisciplinary School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Selvia Yousef
- Interdisciplinary School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - David A Patten
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Alexander E Green
- Interdisciplinary School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Keir J Menzies
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada.
- Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada.
- Interdisciplinary School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada.
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Andy D, Gunaratne GS, Marchant JS, Walseth TF, Slama JT. Synthesis and biological evaluation of novel photo-clickable adenosine and cyclic ADP-ribose analogs: 8-N 3-2'-O-propargyladenosine and 8-N 3-2'-O-propargyl-cADPR. Bioorg Med Chem 2022; 76:117099. [PMID: 36446271 PMCID: PMC9842072 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2022.117099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Revised: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
A photo-clickable analog of adenosine was devised and synthesized in which the photoactive functional group (8-azidoadenosine) and the click moiety (2'-O-propargyl-ether) were compactly combined within the structure of the adenosine nucleoside itself. We synthesized 8-N3-2'-O-propargyl adenosine in four steps starting from adenosine. This photo-clickable adenosine was 5'-phosphorylated and coupled to nicotinamide mononucleotide to form the NAD analog 8-N3-2'-O-propargyl-NAD. This NAD analog was recognized by Aplysia californica ADP-ribosyl cyclase and enzymatically cyclized producing 8-N3-2'-O-propargyl cyclic ADP-ribose. Photo-clickable cyclic-ADP-ribose analog was envisioned as a probe to label cyclic ADP-ribose binding proteins. The monofunctional 8-N3-cADPR has previously been shown to be an antagonist of cADPR-induced calcium release [T.F. Walseth et. al., J. Biol. Chem (1993) 268, 26686-26691]. 2'-O-propargyl-cADPR was recognized as an agonist which elicited Ca2+ release when added at low concentration to sea urchin egg homogenates. The bifunctional 8-N3-2'-O-propargyl cyclic ADP-ribose did not elicit Ca2+ release at low concentration or impact cyclic ADP-ribose mediated Ca2+ release either when added to sea urchin egg homogenates or when microinjected into cultured human U2OS cells. The photo-clickable adenosine will none-the-less be a useful scaffold for synthesizing photo-clickable probes for identifying proteins that interact with a variety of adenosine nucleotides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Divya Andy
- Department of Medicinal and Biological Chemistry, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toledo, 3000 Arlington Avenue, Toledo, OH 43614, USA
| | - Gihan S Gunaratne
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Minnesota Medical School, 312 Church St, Minneapolis, MN 55455-0217, USA
| | - Jonathan S Marchant
- Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology & Anatomy, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI 53226-0509, USA
| | - Timothy F Walseth
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Minnesota Medical School, 312 Church St, Minneapolis, MN 55455-0217, USA
| | - James T Slama
- Department of Medicinal and Biological Chemistry, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toledo, 3000 Arlington Avenue, Toledo, OH 43614, USA.
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Shobatake R, Ota H, Takahashi N, Ueno S, Sugie K, Takasawa S. The Impact of Intermittent Hypoxia on Metabolism and Cognition. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:12957. [PMID: 36361741 PMCID: PMC9654766 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232112957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Revised: 10/15/2022] [Accepted: 10/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Intermittent hypoxia (IH), one of the primary pathologies of sleep apnea syndrome (SAS), exposes cells throughout the body to repeated cycles of hypoxia/normoxia that result in oxidative stress and systemic inflammation. Since SAS is epidemiologically strongly correlated with type 2 diabetes/insulin resistance, obesity, hypertension, and dyslipidemia included in metabolic syndrome, the effects of IH on gene expression in the corresponding cells of each organ have been studied intensively to clarify the molecular mechanism of the association between SAS and metabolic syndrome. Dementia has recently been recognized as a serious health problem due to its increasing incidence, and a large body of evidence has shown its strong correlation with SAS and metabolic disorders. In this narrative review, we first outline the effects of IH on the expression of genes related to metabolism in neuronal cells, pancreatic β cells, hepatocytes, adipocytes, myocytes, and renal cells (mainly based on the results of our experiments). Next, we discuss the literature regarding the mechanisms by which metabolic disorders and IH develop dementia to understand how IH directly and indirectly leads to the development of dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryogo Shobatake
- Department of Neurology, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-cho, Kashihara 634-8522, Japan
- Department of Neurology, Nara City Hospital, 1-50-1 Higashikidera-cho, Nara 630-8305, Japan
- Department of Biochemistry, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-cho, Kashihara 634-8521, Japan
| | - Hiroyo Ota
- Department Respiratory Medicine, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-cho, Kashihara 634-8522, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Takahashi
- Department of Neurology, Nara City Hospital, 1-50-1 Higashikidera-cho, Nara 630-8305, Japan
| | - Satoshi Ueno
- Department of Neurology, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-cho, Kashihara 634-8522, Japan
| | - Kazuma Sugie
- Department of Neurology, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-cho, Kashihara 634-8522, Japan
| | - Shin Takasawa
- Department of Biochemistry, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-cho, Kashihara 634-8521, Japan
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Takasawa S, Makino M, Uchiyama T, Yamauchi A, Sakuramoto-Tsuchida S, Itaya-Hironaka A, Takeda Y, Asai K, Shobatake R, Ota H. Downregulation of the Cd38-Cyclic ADP-Ribose Signaling in Cardiomyocytes by Intermittent Hypoxia via Pten Upregulation. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23158782. [PMID: 35955916 PMCID: PMC9368863 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23158782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Revised: 07/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Sleep apnea syndrome (SAS) is characterized by recurrent episodes of oxygen desaturation and reoxygenation (intermittent hypoxia, IH), and it is a risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD) and insulin resistance/type 2 diabetes. However, the mechanisms linking IH stress and CVD remain elusive. We exposed rat H9c2 and mouse P19.CL6 cardiomyocytes to experimental IH or normoxia for 24 h to analyze the mRNA expression of the components of Cd38-cyclic ADP-ribose (cADPR) signaling. We found that the mRNA levels of cluster of differentiation 38 (Cd38), type 2 ryanodine receptor (Ryr2), and FK506-binding protein 12.6 (Fkbp12.6) in H9c2 and P19.CL6 cardiomyocytes were significantly decreased by IH, whereas the promoter activities of these genes were not decreased. By contrast, the expression of phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted from chromosome 10 (Pten) was upregulated in IH-treated cells. The small interfering RNA for Pten (siPten) and a non-specific control RNA were introduced into the H9c2 cells. The IH-induced downregulation of Cd38, Ryr2, and Fkbp12.6 was abolished by the introduction of the siPten, but not by the control RNA. These results indicate that IH stress upregulated the Pten in cardiomyocytes, resulting in the decreased mRNA levels of Cd38, Ryr2, and Fkbp12.6, leading to the inhibition of cardiomyocyte functions in SAS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shin Takasawa
- Department of Biochemistry, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-cho, Kashihara 634-8521, Nara, Japan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-74-422-3051 (ext. 2227); Fax: +81-744-24-9525
| | - Mai Makino
- Department of Biochemistry, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-cho, Kashihara 634-8521, Nara, Japan
| | - Tomoko Uchiyama
- Department of Biochemistry, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-cho, Kashihara 634-8521, Nara, Japan
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-cho, Kashihara 634-8522, Nara, Japan
| | - Akiyo Yamauchi
- Department of Biochemistry, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-cho, Kashihara 634-8521, Nara, Japan
| | | | - Asako Itaya-Hironaka
- Department of Biochemistry, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-cho, Kashihara 634-8521, Nara, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Takeda
- Department of Biochemistry, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-cho, Kashihara 634-8521, Nara, Japan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-cho, Kashihara 634-8522, Nara, Japan
| | - Keito Asai
- Department of Biochemistry, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-cho, Kashihara 634-8521, Nara, Japan
| | - Ryogo Shobatake
- Department of Biochemistry, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-cho, Kashihara 634-8521, Nara, Japan
- Department of Neurology, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-cho, Kashihara 634-8521, Nara, Japan
| | - Hiroyo Ota
- Department of Biochemistry, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-cho, Kashihara 634-8521, Nara, Japan
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-cho, Kashihara 634-8522, Nara, Japan
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Chakraborty A, Minor KE, Nizami HL, Chiao YA, Lee CF. Harnessing NAD + Metabolism as Therapy for Cardiometabolic Diseases. Curr Heart Fail Rep 2022; 19:157-169. [PMID: 35556214 PMCID: PMC9339518 DOI: 10.1007/s11897-022-00550-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF THE REVIEW This review summarizes current understanding on the roles of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) metabolism in the pathogeneses and treatment development of metabolic and cardiac diseases. RECENT FINDINGS NAD+ was identified as a redox cofactor in metabolism and a co-substrate for a wide range of NAD+-dependent enzymes. NAD+ redox imbalance and depletion are associated with many pathologies where metabolism plays a key role, for example cardiometabolic diseases. This review is to delineate the current knowledge about harnessing NAD+ metabolism as potential therapy for cardiometabolic diseases. The review has summarized how NAD+ redox imbalance and depletion contribute to the pathogeneses of cardiometabolic diseases. Therapeutic evidence involving activation of NAD+ synthesis in pre-clinical and clinical studies was discussed. While activation of NAD+ synthesis shows great promise for therapy, the field of NAD+ metabolism is rapidly evolving. Therefore, it is expected that new mechanisms will be discovered as therapeutic targets for cardiometabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akash Chakraborty
- Cardiovascular Biology Research Program, MS 45, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, 825 NE 13th Street, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
- Aging and Metabolism Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
| | - Keaton E Minor
- Cardiovascular Biology Research Program, MS 45, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, 825 NE 13th Street, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
- Department of Physiology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Hina Lateef Nizami
- Cardiovascular Biology Research Program, MS 45, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, 825 NE 13th Street, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
| | - Ying Ann Chiao
- Aging and Metabolism Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Chi Fung Lee
- Cardiovascular Biology Research Program, MS 45, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, 825 NE 13th Street, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA.
- Department of Physiology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA.
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Novak Kujundžić R. COVID-19: Are We Facing Secondary Pellagra Which Cannot Simply Be Cured by Vitamin B3? Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23084309. [PMID: 35457123 PMCID: PMC9032523 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23084309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Revised: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Immune response to SARS-CoV-2 and ensuing inflammation pose a huge challenge to the host’s nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) metabolism. Humans depend on vitamin B3 for biosynthesis of NAD+, indispensable for many metabolic and NAD+-consuming signaling reactions. The balance between its utilization and resynthesis is vitally important. Many extra-pulmonary symptoms of COVID-19 strikingly resemble those of pellagra, vitamin B3 deficiency (e.g., diarrhoea, dermatitis, oral cavity and tongue manifestations, loss of smell and taste, mental confusion). In most developed countries, pellagra is successfully eradicated by vitamin B3 fortification programs. Thus, conceivably, it has not been suspected as a cause of COVID-19 symptoms. Here, the deregulation of the NAD+ metabolism in response to the SARS-CoV-2 infection is reviewed, with special emphasis on the differences in the NAD+ biosynthetic pathway’s efficiency in conditions predisposing for the development of serious COVID-19. SARS-CoV-2 infection-induced NAD+ depletion and the elevated levels of its metabolites contribute to the development of a systemic disease. Acute liberation of nicotinamide (NAM) in antiviral NAD+-consuming reactions potentiates “NAM drain”, cooperatively mediated by nicotinamide N-methyltransferase and aldehyde oxidase. “NAM drain” compromises the NAD+ salvage pathway’s fail-safe function. The robustness of the host’s NAD+ salvage pathway, prior to the SARS-CoV-2 infection, is an important determinant of COVID-19 severity and persistence of certain symptoms upon resolution of infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renata Novak Kujundžić
- Laboratory for Epigenomics, Division of Molecular Medicine, Ruđer Bošković Institute, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
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10
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CD38–Cyclic ADP-Ribose Signal System in Physiology, Biochemistry, and Pathophysiology. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23084306. [PMID: 35457121 PMCID: PMC9033130 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23084306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Revised: 04/02/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Calcium (Ca2+) is a ubiquitous and fundamental signaling component that is utilized by cells to regulate a diverse range of cellular functions, such as insulin secretion from pancreatic β-cells of the islets of Langerhans. Cyclic ADP-ribose (cADPR), synthesized from NAD+ by ADP-ribosyl cyclase family proteins, such as the mammalian cluster of differentiation 38 (CD38), is important for intracellular Ca2+ mobilization for cell functioning. cADPR induces Ca2+ release from endoplasmic reticulum via the ryanodine receptor intracellular Ca2+ channel complex, in which the FK506-binding protein 12.6 works as a cADPR-binding regulatory protein. Recently, involvements of the CD38-cADPR signal system in several human diseases and animal models have been reported. This review describes the biochemical and molecular biological basis of the CD38-cADPR signal system and the diseases caused by its abnormalities.
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Кузнецов КО, Саетова АА, Махмутова ЭИ, Бобрик АГ, Бобрик ДВ, Нагаев ИР, Хамитова АД, Арапиева АМ. [Imeglimin: features of the mechanism of action and potential benefits]. PROBLEMY ENDOKRINOLOGII 2022; 68:57-66. [PMID: 35841169 PMCID: PMC9762543 DOI: 10.14341/probl12868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Revised: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Imeglimin is the first drug in a new class of tetrahydrotriazine-containing oral hypoglycemic agents called «glimines». Its mechanism of action is aimed at achieving a double effect, firstly, to improve the function of beta cells of the pancreas, and secondly, to enhance the action of insulin in key tissues, including the liver and skeletal muscles. At the cellular level, imeglimin modulates mitochondrial function, which leads to an improvement in cellular energy metabolism, as well as to the protection of cells from death in conditions of excessive accumulation of reactive oxygen species. It is important to note that the mechanism of action of imeglimin differs from existing drugs used for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Like glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists, imeglimin enhances insulin secretion in an exclusively glucose-dependent manner, but their mechanism of action at the cellular level diverges. Sulfonylureas and glinides function by closing ATP-sensitive potassium channels to release insulin, which is also different from imeglimin. Compared with metformin, the effect of imeglimine is also significantly different. Other major classes of oral antihypertensive agents, such as sodium-glucose transporter-2 inhibitors, thiazolidinediones and α glucosidase inhibitors mediate their action through mechanisms that do not overlap with imeglimine. Given such differences in the mechanisms of action, imeglimin can be used as part of combination therapy, for example with sitagliptin and metformin. The imeglimine molecule is well absorbed (Tmax-4), and the half-life is 5-6 hours, is largely excreted through the kidneys, and also has no clinically significant interactions with either metformin or sitagliptin.
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Affiliation(s)
- К. О. Кузнецов
- Российский национальный исследовательский медицинский университет им. Н.И. Пирогова
| | | | | | - А. Г. Бобрик
- Башкирский государственный медицинский университет
| | - Д. В. Бобрик
- Башкирский государственный медицинский университет
| | - И. Р. Нагаев
- Башкирский государственный медицинский университет
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12
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Roles of cADPR and NAADP in pancreatic beta cell signalling. Cell Calcium 2022; 103:102562. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2022.102562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Revised: 02/05/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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13
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Shobatake R, Ota H, Takahashi N, Ueno S, Sugie K, Takasawa S. Anorexigenic Effects of Intermittent Hypoxia on the Gut-Brain Axis in Sleep Apnea Syndrome. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 23:364. [PMID: 35008784 PMCID: PMC8745445 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23010364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Revised: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Sleep apnea syndrome (SAS) is a breathing disorder characterized by recurrent episodes of upper-airway collapse, resulting in intermittent hypoxia (IH) during sleep. Experimental studies with animals and cellular models have indicated that IH leads to attenuation of glucose-induced insulin secretion from pancreatic β cells and to enhancement of insulin resistance in peripheral tissues and cells, such as the liver (hepatocytes), adipose tissue (adipocytes), and skeletal muscles (myocytes), both of which could lead to obesity. Although obesity is widely recognized as a major factor in SAS, it is controversial whether the development of SAS could contribute directly to obesity, and the effect of IH on the expression of appetite regulatory genes remains elusive. Appetite is regulated appropriately by both the hypothalamus and the gut as a gut-brain axis driven by differential neural and hormonal signals. In this review, we summarized the recent epidemiological findings on the relationship between SAS and feeding behavior and focused on the anorexigenic effects of IH on the gut-brain axis by the IH-induced up-regulation of proopiomelanocortin and cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript in neuronal cells and the IH-induced up-regulation of peptide YY, glucagon-like peptide-1 and neurotensin in enteroendocrine cells and their molecular mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryogo Shobatake
- Department of Neurology, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-cho, Kashihara 634-8522, Japan; (S.U.); (K.S.)
- Department of Neurology, Nara City Hospital, 1-50-1 Higashikidera-cho, Nara 630-8305, Japan;
- Department of Biochemistry, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-cho, Kashihara 634-8521, Japan;
| | - Hiroyo Ota
- Department Respiratory Medicine, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-cho, Kashihara 634-8522, Japan;
| | - Nobuyuki Takahashi
- Department of Neurology, Nara City Hospital, 1-50-1 Higashikidera-cho, Nara 630-8305, Japan;
| | - Satoshi Ueno
- Department of Neurology, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-cho, Kashihara 634-8522, Japan; (S.U.); (K.S.)
| | - Kazuma Sugie
- Department of Neurology, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-cho, Kashihara 634-8522, Japan; (S.U.); (K.S.)
| | - Shin Takasawa
- Department of Biochemistry, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-cho, Kashihara 634-8521, Japan;
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14
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Takeda Y, Itaya-Hironaka A, Yamauchi A, Makino M, Sakuramoto-Tsuchida S, Ota H, Kawaguchi R, Takasawa S. Intermittent Hypoxia Upregulates the Renin and Cd38 mRNAs in Renin-Producing Cells via the Downregulation of miR-203. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:10127. [PMID: 34576290 PMCID: PMC8466835 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221810127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Revised: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Sleep apnea syndrome is characterized by recurrent episodes of oxygen desaturation and reoxygenation (intermittent hypoxia [IH]), and it is a known risk factor for hypertension. The upregulation of the renin-angiotensin system has been reported in IH, and the correlation between renin and CD38 has been noted. We exposed human HEK293 and mouse As4.1 renal cells to experimental IH or normoxia for 24 h and then measured the mRNA levels using a real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. The mRNA levels of Renin (Ren) and Cd38 were significantly increased by IH, indicating that they could be involved in the CD38-cyclic ADP-ribose signaling pathway. We next investigated the promotor activities of both genes, which were not increased by IH. Yet, a target mRNA search of the microRNA (miRNA) revealed both mRNAs to have a potential target sequence for miR-203. The miR-203 level of the IH-treated cells was significantly decreased when compared with the normoxia-treated cells. The IH-induced upregulation of the genes was abolished by the introduction of the miR-203 mimic, but not the miR-203 mimic NC negative control. These results indicate that IH stress downregulates the miR-203 in renin-producing cells, thereby resulting in increased mRNA levels of Ren and Cd38, which leads to hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshinori Takeda
- Department of Biochemistry, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-cho, Kashihara, Nara 634-8521, Japan; (Y.T.); (A.I.-H.); (A.Y.); (M.M.); (S.S.-T.); (H.O.)
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-cho, Kashihara, Nara 634-8522, Japan;
| | - Asako Itaya-Hironaka
- Department of Biochemistry, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-cho, Kashihara, Nara 634-8521, Japan; (Y.T.); (A.I.-H.); (A.Y.); (M.M.); (S.S.-T.); (H.O.)
| | - Akiyo Yamauchi
- Department of Biochemistry, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-cho, Kashihara, Nara 634-8521, Japan; (Y.T.); (A.I.-H.); (A.Y.); (M.M.); (S.S.-T.); (H.O.)
| | - Mai Makino
- Department of Biochemistry, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-cho, Kashihara, Nara 634-8521, Japan; (Y.T.); (A.I.-H.); (A.Y.); (M.M.); (S.S.-T.); (H.O.)
| | - Sumiyo Sakuramoto-Tsuchida
- Department of Biochemistry, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-cho, Kashihara, Nara 634-8521, Japan; (Y.T.); (A.I.-H.); (A.Y.); (M.M.); (S.S.-T.); (H.O.)
| | - Hiroyo Ota
- Department of Biochemistry, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-cho, Kashihara, Nara 634-8521, Japan; (Y.T.); (A.I.-H.); (A.Y.); (M.M.); (S.S.-T.); (H.O.)
- Respiratory Medicine, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-cho, Kashihara, Nara 634-8522, Japan
| | - Ryuji Kawaguchi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-cho, Kashihara, Nara 634-8522, Japan;
| | - Shin Takasawa
- Department of Biochemistry, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-cho, Kashihara, Nara 634-8521, Japan; (Y.T.); (A.I.-H.); (A.Y.); (M.M.); (S.S.-T.); (H.O.)
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15
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Roboon J, Hattori T, Ishii H, Takarada-Iemata M, Nguyen DT, Heer CD, O'Meally D, Brenner C, Yamamoto Y, Okamoto H, Higashida H, Hori O. Inhibition of CD38 and supplementation of nicotinamide riboside ameliorate lipopolysaccharide-induced microglial and astrocytic neuroinflammation by increasing NAD . J Neurochem 2021; 158:311-327. [PMID: 33871064 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.15367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2021] [Revised: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Neuroinflammation is initiated by activation of the brain's innate immune system in response to an inflammatory challenge. Insufficient control of neuroinflammation leads to enhanced or prolonged pathology in various neurological conditions including multiple sclerosis and Alzheimer's disease. Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+ ) plays critical roles in cellular energy metabolism and calcium homeostasis. Our previous study demonstrated that deletion of CD38, which consumes NAD+ , suppressed cuprizone-induced demyelination, neuroinflammation, and glial activation. However, it is still unknown whether CD38 directly affects neuroinflammation through regulating brain NAD+ level. In this study, we investigated the effect of CD38 deletion and inhibition and supplementation of NAD+ on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced neuroinflammation in mice. Intracerebroventricular injection of LPS significantly increased CD38 expression especially in the hippocampus. Deletion of CD38 decreased LPS-induced inflammatory responses and glial activation. Pre-administration of apigenin, a flavonoid with CD38 inhibitory activity, or nicotinamide riboside (NR), an NAD+ precursor, increased NAD+ level, and significantly suppressed induction of cytokines and chemokines, glial activation and subsequent neurodegeneration after LPS administration. In cell culture, LPS-induced inflammatory responses were suppressed by treatment of primary astrocytes or microglia with apigenin, NAD+ , NR or 78c, the latter a specific CD38 inhibitor. Finally, all these compounds suppressed NF-κB signaling pathway in microglia. These results suggest that CD38-mediated neuroinflammation is linked to NAD+ consumption and that boosting NAD+ by CD38 inhibition and NR supplementation directly suppress neuroinflammation in the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jureepon Roboon
- Department of Neuroanatomy, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Hattori
- Department of Neuroanatomy, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Ishii
- Department of Neuroanatomy, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Mika Takarada-Iemata
- Department of Neuroanatomy, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Dinh Thi Nguyen
- Department of Neuroanatomy, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Collin D Heer
- Free Radical and Radiation Biology Program, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Denis O'Meally
- Center for Gene Therapy, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Charles Brenner
- Department of Diabetes & Cancer Metabolism, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Yasuhiko Yamamoto
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Vascular Biology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Okamoto
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Vascular Biology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan.,Department of Biochemistry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Haruhiro Higashida
- Research Center for Child Mental Development, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Osamu Hori
- Department of Neuroanatomy, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
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16
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Hallakou‐Bozec S, Vial G, Kergoat M, Fouqueray P, Bolze S, Borel A, Fontaine E, Moller DE. Mechanism of action of Imeglimin: A novel therapeutic agent for type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Obes Metab 2021; 23:664-673. [PMID: 33269554 PMCID: PMC8049051 DOI: 10.1111/dom.14277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Revised: 11/15/2020] [Accepted: 11/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Imeglimin is an investigational first-in-class novel oral agent for the treatment of type 2 diabetes (T2D). Several pivotal phase III trials have been completed with evidence of statistically significant glucose lowering and a generally favourable safety and tolerability profile, including the lack of severe hypoglycaemia. Imeglimin's mechanism of action involves dual effects: (a) amplification of glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) and preservation of β-cell mass; and (b) enhanced insulin action, including the potential for inhibition of hepatic glucose output and improvement in insulin signalling in both liver and skeletal muscle. At a cellular and molecular level, Imeglimin's underlying mechanism may involve correction of mitochondrial dysfunction, a common underlying element of T2D pathogenesis. It has been observed to rebalance respiratory chain activity (partial inhibition of Complex I and correction of deficient Complex III activity), resulting in reduced reactive oxygen species formation (decreasing oxidative stress) and prevention of mitochondrial permeability transition pore opening (implicated in preventing cell death). In islets derived from diseased rodents with T2D, Imeglimin also enhances glucose-stimulated ATP generation and induces the synthesis of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+ ) via the 'salvage pathway'. In addition to playing a key role as a mitochondrial co-factor, NAD+ metabolites may contribute to the increase in GSIS (via enhanced Ca++ mobilization). Imeglimin has also been shown to preserve β-cell mass in rodents with T2D. Overall, Imeglimin appears to target a key root cause of T2D: defective cellular energy metabolism. This potential mode of action is unique and has been shown to differ from that of other major therapeutic classes, including biguanides, sulphonylureas and glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Guillaume Vial
- Université Grenoble AlpesGrenobleFrance
- Inserm U 1042, Laboratoire INSERM U1042, Hypoxia PathoPhysiology (HP2)GrenobleFrance
| | | | | | | | - Anne‐Laure Borel
- Université Grenoble AlpesGrenobleFrance
- Inserm U 1042, Laboratoire INSERM U1042, Hypoxia PathoPhysiology (HP2)GrenobleFrance
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Grenoble Alpes, département de Endocrinologie‐diabétologie‐Nutrition, Centre Spécialisé de l'Obésité Grenoble Arc AlpinGrenobleFrance
| | - Eric Fontaine
- Université Grenoble Alpes, LBFAGrenobleFrance
- Inserm U 1055, LBFAGrenobleFrance
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17
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Hallakou-Bozec S, Kergoat M, Fouqueray P, Bolze S, Moller DE. Imeglimin amplifies glucose-stimulated insulin release from diabetic islets via a distinct mechanism of action. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0241651. [PMID: 33606677 PMCID: PMC7894908 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0241651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic islet β-cell dysfunction is characterized by defective glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) and is a predominant component of the pathophysiology of diabetes. Imeglimin, a novel first-in-class small molecule tetrahydrotriazine drug candidate, improves glycemia and GSIS in preclinical models and clinical trials in patients with Type 2 diabetes; however, the mechanism by which it restores β-cell function is unknown. Here, we show that imeglimin acutely and directly amplifies GSIS in islets isolated from rodents with Type 2 diabetes via a mode of action that is distinct from other known therapeutic approaches. The underlying mechanism involves increases in the cellular nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) pool-potentially via the salvage pathway and induction of nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (NAMPT) along with augmentation of glucose-induced ATP levels. Further, additional results suggest that NAD+ conversion to a second messenger, cyclic ADP ribose (cADPR), via ADP ribosyl cyclase/cADPR hydrolase (CD38) is required for imeglimin's effects in islets, thus representing a potential link between increased NAD+ and enhanced glucose-induced Ca2+ mobilization which-in turn-is known to drive insulin granule exocytosis. Collectively, these findings implicate a novel mode of action for imeglimin that explains its ability to effectively restore-β-cell function and provides for a new approach to treat patients suffering from Type 2 diabetes.
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18
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OKAMOTO H, TAKASAWA S. Okamoto model for necrosis and its expansions, CD38-cyclic ADP-ribose signal system for intracellular Ca 2+ mobilization and Reg (Regenerating gene protein)-Reg receptor system for cell regeneration. PROCEEDINGS OF THE JAPAN ACADEMY. SERIES B, PHYSICAL AND BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES 2021; 97:423-461. [PMID: 34629354 PMCID: PMC8553518 DOI: 10.2183/pjab.97.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
In pancreatic islet cell culture models and animal models, we studied the molecular mechanisms involved in the development of insulin-dependent diabetes. The diabetogenic agents, alloxan and streptozotocin, caused DNA strand breaks, which in turn activated poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase/synthetase (PARP) to deplete NAD+, thereby inhibiting islet β-cell functions such as proinsulin synthesis and ultimately leading to β-cell necrosis. Radical scavengers protected against the formation of DNA strand breaks and inhibition of proinsulin synthesis. Inhibitors of PARP prevented the NAD+ depletion, inhibition of proinsulin synthesis and β-cell death. These findings led to the proposed unifying concept for β-cell damage and its prevention (the Okamoto model). The model met one proof with PARP knockout animals and was further extended by the discovery of cyclic ADP-ribose as the second messenger for Ca2+ mobilization in glucose-induced insulin secretion and by the identification of Reg (Regenerating gene) for β-cell regeneration. Physiological and pathological events found in pancreatic β-cells have been observed in other cells and tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi OKAMOTO
- Department of Biochemistry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Vascular Biology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Shin TAKASAWA
- Department of Biochemistry, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara, Japan
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19
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Deletion of CD38 and supplementation of NAD+ attenuate axon degeneration in a mouse facial nerve axotomy model. Sci Rep 2020. [DOI: 10.1006/jfan.1996.0082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractFollowing facial nerve axotomy, nerve function is not fully restored even after reconstruction. This may be attributed to axon degeneration/neuronal death and sustained neuroinflammation. CD38 is an enzyme that catalyses the hydrolysis of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) and is a candidate molecule for regulating neurodegeneration and neuroinflammation. In this study, we analyzed the effect of CD38 deletion and NAD+ supplementation on neuronal death and glial activation in the facial nucleus in the brain stem, and on axon degeneration and immune cell infiltration in the distal portion of the facial nerve after axotomy in mice. Compared with wild-type mice, CD38 knockout (KO) mice showed reduced microglial activation in the facial nucleus, whereas the levels of neuronal death were not significantly different. In contrast, the axon degeneration and demyelination were delayed, and macrophage accumulation was reduced in the facial nerve of CD38 KO mice after axotomy. Supplementation of NAD+ with nicotinamide riboside slowed the axon degeneration and demyelination, although it did not alter the level of macrophage infiltration after axotomy. These results suggest that CD38 deletion and supplementation of NAD+ may protect transected axon cell-autonomously after facial nerve axotomy.
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Takaso Y, Noda M, Hattori T, Roboon J, Hatano M, Sugimoto H, Brenner C, Yamamoto Y, Okamoto H, Higashida H, Ito M, Yoshizaki T, Hori O. Deletion of CD38 and supplementation of NAD + attenuate axon degeneration in a mouse facial nerve axotomy model. Sci Rep 2020; 10:17795. [PMID: 33082370 PMCID: PMC7576594 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-73984-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Following facial nerve axotomy, nerve function is not fully restored even after reconstruction. This may be attributed to axon degeneration/neuronal death and sustained neuroinflammation. CD38 is an enzyme that catalyses the hydrolysis of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) and is a candidate molecule for regulating neurodegeneration and neuroinflammation. In this study, we analyzed the effect of CD38 deletion and NAD+ supplementation on neuronal death and glial activation in the facial nucleus in the brain stem, and on axon degeneration and immune cell infiltration in the distal portion of the facial nerve after axotomy in mice. Compared with wild-type mice, CD38 knockout (KO) mice showed reduced microglial activation in the facial nucleus, whereas the levels of neuronal death were not significantly different. In contrast, the axon degeneration and demyelination were delayed, and macrophage accumulation was reduced in the facial nerve of CD38 KO mice after axotomy. Supplementation of NAD+ with nicotinamide riboside slowed the axon degeneration and demyelination, although it did not alter the level of macrophage infiltration after axotomy. These results suggest that CD38 deletion and supplementation of NAD+ may protect transected axon cell-autonomously after facial nerve axotomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuji Takaso
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Masao Noda
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan.,Department of Pediatric Otolaryngology, Jichi Children's Medical Center Tochigi, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Hattori
- Department of Neuroanatomy, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, 13-1 Takara-machi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, 920-8640, Japan
| | - Jureepon Roboon
- Department of Neuroanatomy, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, 13-1 Takara-machi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, 920-8640, Japan
| | - Miyako Hatano
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Hisashi Sugimoto
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Charles Brenner
- Department of Biochemistry, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, USA.,Department of Diabetes & Cancer Metabolism, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, 91010, USA
| | - Yasuhiko Yamamoto
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Vascular Biology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Okamoto
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Vascular Biology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan.,Department of Biochemistry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Haruhiro Higashida
- Research Center for Child Mental Development, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Makoto Ito
- Department of Pediatric Otolaryngology, Jichi Children's Medical Center Tochigi, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Tomokazu Yoshizaki
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Osamu Hori
- Department of Neuroanatomy, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, 13-1 Takara-machi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, 920-8640, Japan.
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21
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Gerazova-Efremova K, Kjovkarovska SD, Domazetovska S, Miova B. Nicotinamide and heat preconditioning - Effects on hepatic HSP70, carbohydrate and oxidative disturbances in STZ-induced diabetic rats. J Therm Biol 2020; 91:102645. [PMID: 32716886 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2020.102645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Revised: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Nicotinamide (NA) is known to have antioxidant potential and partially to protect insulin-secreting cells against diabetogenic agent STZ (streptozotocin). In a combination to heat stress (HS), NA is also known to induce heat-shock proteins (HSPs) production. Heat preconditioning (HP) and HSPs have cytoprotective effects against development of cellular injury caused by application of subsequent stressor. We aimed to determine if pretreatment with NA and HP (as HSP70 -inducers) can affect STZ-induced diabetic disturbances in rats. METHODS NA-pretreatment (250 mg/kg b.w., 7 days) and heat preconditioning (41 ± 1 °C, 45 min) of diabetic rats was performed. The changes in hepatic carbohydrate- and antioxidative-related enzymes and substrates were investigated. RESULTS NA-pretreatment, alone or in combination with HS, resulted in significant increase of HSP70 concentration in the liver of control and diabetic rats. Compared to diabetic controls, pretreatment with NA, in combination with HP, resulted in decrease of blood and liver glucose, increase of glycogen and glucose-6-phosphate level, increase of glycogenolytic/glycolytic enzymes, decrease of gluconeogenic enzymes, as well as an increase of glutathione content and glutathione peroxidase, decrease of glutathione reductase and catalase activities. CONCLUSIONS NA is a potent HSP70 coinducer, alone or in a combination with HS in the liver of both control and diabetic rats. Pretreatment with NA, accompanied by HP, has a pronounced corrective effect on STZ-induced diabetes disturbances in the key hepatic carbohydrate- and antioxidative-related parameters. It seems that this corrective effect is based on the increased production of hepatic HSP70.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Suzana Dinevska- Kjovkarovska
- Department of Experimental Physiology and Biochemistry, Institute of Biology Faculty of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, University "St Cyril and Methodius", Skopje, R. North Macedonia.
| | - Saska Domazetovska
- PHI University Clinic of Clinical Biochemistry, Clinical Center Mother Theresa Skopje, R. North Macedonia.
| | - Biljana Miova
- Department of Experimental Physiology and Biochemistry, Institute of Biology Faculty of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, University "St Cyril and Methodius", Skopje, R. North Macedonia.
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22
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Idevall-Hagren O, Tengholm A. Metabolic regulation of calcium signaling in beta cells. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2020; 103:20-30. [PMID: 32085965 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2020.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Revised: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The cytoplasmic Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]cyt) regulates a vast number of cellular functions, including insulin secretion from beta cells. The major physiological insulin secretagogue, glucose, triggers [Ca2+]cyt oscillations in beta cells. Synchronization of the oscillations among the beta cells within an islet underlies the generation of pulsatile insulin secretion. This review describes the mechanisms generating [Ca2+]cyt oscillations, the interactions between [Ca2+]cyt and cell metabolism, as well as the contribution of various organelles to the shaping of [Ca2+]cyt signals and insulin secretion. It also discusses how Ca2+ signals are coordinated and spread throughout the islets and data indicating that altered Ca2+ signaling is associated with beta cell dysfunction and development of type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olof Idevall-Hagren
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University, Biomedical Centre, Box 571, SE-751 23 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Anders Tengholm
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University, Biomedical Centre, Box 571, SE-751 23 Uppsala, Sweden.
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Relationship Between Intermittent Hypoxia and Type 2 Diabetes in Sleep Apnea Syndrome. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20194756. [PMID: 31557884 PMCID: PMC6801686 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20194756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2019] [Revised: 09/13/2019] [Accepted: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Sleep apnea syndrome (SAS) is a very common disease involving intermittent hypoxia (IH), recurrent symptoms of deoxygenation during sleep, strong daytime sleepiness, and significant loss of quality of life. A number of epidemiological researches have shown that SAS is an important risk factor for insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM), which is associated with SAS regardless of age, gender, or body habitus. IH, hallmark of SAS, plays an important role in the pathogenesis of SAS and experimental studies with animal and cellular models indicate that IH leads to attenuation of glucose-induced insulin secretion from pancreatic β cells and to enhancement of insulin resistance in peripheral tissues and cells, such as liver (hepatocytes), adipose tissue (adipocytes), and skeletal muscles (myocytes). In this review, we focus on IH-induced dysfunction in glucose metabolism and its underlying molecular mechanisms in several cells and tissues related to glucose homeostasis.
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Roboon J, Hattori T, Ishii H, Takarada-Iemata M, Le TM, Shiraishi Y, Ozaki N, Yamamoto Y, Sugawara A, Okamoto H, Higashida H, Kitao Y, Hori O. Deletion of CD38 Suppresses Glial Activation and Neuroinflammation in a Mouse Model of Demyelination. Front Cell Neurosci 2019; 13:258. [PMID: 31244614 PMCID: PMC6563778 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2019.00258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2019] [Accepted: 05/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
CD38 is an enzyme that catalyzes the synthesis of cyclic adenosine diphosphate-ribose from nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+). We recently reported that this molecule regulates the maturation and differentiation of glial cells such as astrocytes and oligodendrocytes (OLs) in the developing brain. To analyze its role in the demyelinating situation, we employed cuprizone (CPZ)-induced demyelination model in mice, which is characterized by oligodendrocyte-specific apoptosis, followed by the strong glial activation, demyelination, and repopulation of OLs. By using this model, we found that CD38 was upregulated in both astrocytes and microglia after CPZ administration. Experiments using wild-type and CD38 knockout (KO) mice, together with those using cultured glial cells, revealed that CD38 deficiency did not affect the initial decrease of the number of OLs, while it attenuated CPZ-induced demyelination, and neurodegeneration. Importantly, the clearance of the degraded myelin and oligodendrocyte repopulation were also reduced in CD38 KO mice. Further experiments revealed that these observations were associated with reduced levels of glial activation and inflammatory responses including phagocytosis, most likely through the enhanced level of NAD+ in CD38-deleted condition. Our results suggest that CD38 and NAD+ in the glial cells play a critical role in the demyelination and subsequent oligodendrocyte remodeling through the modulation of glial activity and neuroinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jureepon Roboon
- Department of Neuroanatomy, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Hattori
- Department of Neuroanatomy, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Ishii
- Department of Neuroanatomy, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Mika Takarada-Iemata
- Department of Neuroanatomy, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Thuong Manh Le
- Department of Neuroanatomy, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Yoshitake Shiraishi
- Department of Functional Anatomy, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Noriyuki Ozaki
- Department of Functional Anatomy, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Yasuhiko Yamamoto
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Vascular Biology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Akira Sugawara
- Department of Molecular Endocrinology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Okamoto
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Vascular Biology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan.,Department of Biochemistry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Haruhiro Higashida
- Research Center for Child Mental Development, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Yasuko Kitao
- Department of Neuroanatomy, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Osamu Hori
- Department of Neuroanatomy, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
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Poly(ADP-Ribose) Polymerases in Host-Pathogen Interactions, Inflammation, and Immunity. Microbiol Mol Biol Rev 2018; 83:83/1/e00038-18. [PMID: 30567936 DOI: 10.1128/mmbr.00038-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The literature review presented here details recent research involving members of the poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) family of proteins. Among the 17 recognized members of the family, the human enzyme PARP1 is the most extensively studied, resulting in a number of known biological and metabolic roles. This review is focused on the roles played by PARP enzymes in host-pathogen interactions and in diseases with an associated inflammatory response. In mammalian cells, several PARPs have specific roles in the antiviral response; this is perhaps best illustrated by PARP13, also termed the zinc finger antiviral protein (ZAP). Plant stress responses and immunity are also regulated by poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation. PARPs promote inflammatory responses by stimulating proinflammatory signal transduction pathways that lead to the expression of cytokines and cell adhesion molecules. Hence, PARP inhibitors show promise in the treatment of inflammatory disorders and conditions with an inflammatory component, such as diabetes, arthritis, and stroke. These functions are correlated with the biophysical characteristics of PARP family enzymes. This work is important in providing a comprehensive understanding of the molecular basis of pathogenesis and host responses, as well as in the identification of inhibitors. This is important because the identification of inhibitors has been shown to be effective in arresting the progression of disease.
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26
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Monzen S, Chiba M, Ueno T, Morino Y, Terada K, Yamaya H, Hosokawa Y. A radioresistant fraction of acute promyelocytic leukemia cells exhibit CD38 cell-surface antigen and mRNA expression. Oncol Lett 2018; 15:6709-6714. [PMID: 29616132 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2018.8099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2017] [Accepted: 12/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present study, the cell viability and cluster of differentiation (CD)38 mRNA expression were evaluated in radioresistant (Res)-HL60 acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) cells. Cell viability in Res-HL60 cells was higher compared with wild-type HL60 cells, but did not differ between high and mid/low CD38 antigen expression groups in Res-HL60 cells. A higher expression of CD38 mRNA in Res-HL60 cells was observed, particularly in the CD38high cell subpopulation. Furthermore, the expression of CD38 mRNA was upregulated following exposure to X-irradiation. In contrast, the characteristic expression of CD45 and CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein α mRNA were not altered. These results suggest that the accumulation of CD38 protein in radioresistant APL cells, resulting from the constant expression of CD38 mRNA induced by X-irradiation, is a characteristic response of the radioresistant-surviving fraction; however, the accumulation of CD38 did not influence the extent of radioresistant behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoru Monzen
- Department of Radiation Sciences, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Hirosaki, Aomori 036-8564, Japan
| | - Mitsuru Chiba
- Department of Bioscience and Laboratory Medicine, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Hirosaki, Aomori 036-8564, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Ueno
- Department of Radiation Sciences, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Hirosaki, Aomori 036-8564, Japan
| | - Yuki Morino
- Department of Radiation Sciences, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Hirosaki, Aomori 036-8564, Japan
| | - Kenji Terada
- Department of Radiation Sciences, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Hirosaki, Aomori 036-8564, Japan
| | - Hiroki Yamaya
- Department of Radiation Sciences, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Hirosaki, Aomori 036-8564, Japan
| | - Yoichiro Hosokawa
- Department of Radiation Sciences, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Hirosaki, Aomori 036-8564, Japan
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27
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Specific cyclic ADP-ribose phosphohydrolase obtained by mutagenic engineering of Mn 2+-dependent ADP-ribose/CDP-alcohol diphosphatase. Sci Rep 2018; 8:1036. [PMID: 29348648 PMCID: PMC5773619 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-18393-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2017] [Accepted: 12/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Cyclic ADP-ribose (cADPR) is a messenger for Ca2+ mobilization. Its turnover is believed to occur by glycohydrolysis to ADP-ribose. However, ADP-ribose/CDP-alcohol diphosphatase (ADPRibase-Mn) acts as cADPR phosphohydrolase with much lower efficiency than on its major substrates. Recently, we showed that mutagenesis of human ADPRibase-Mn at Phe37, Leu196 and Cys253 alters its specificity: the best substrate of the mutant F37A + L196F + C253A is cADPR by a short difference, Cys253 mutation being essential for cADPR preference. Its proximity to the 'northern' ribose of cADPR in docking models indicates Cys253 is a steric constraint for cADPR positioning. Aiming to obtain a specific cADPR phosphohydrolase, new mutations were tested at Asp250, Val252, Cys253 and Thr279, all near the 'northern' ribose. First, the mutant F37A + L196F + C253G, with a smaller residue 253 (Ala > Gly), showed increased cADPR specificity. Then, the mutant F37A + L196F + V252A + C253G, with another residue made smaller (Val > Ala), displayed the desired specificity, with cADPR kcat/KM ≈20-200-fold larger than for any other substrate. When tested in nucleotide mixtures, cADPR was exhausted while others remained unaltered. We suggest that the specific cADPR phosphohydrolase, by cell or organism transgenesis, or the designed mutations, by genome editing, provide opportunities to study the effect of cADPR depletion on the many systems where it intervenes.
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Nelissen TP, Bamford RA, Tochitani S, Akkus K, Kudzinskas A, Yokoi K, Okamoto H, Yamamoto Y, Burbach JPH, Matsuzaki H, Oguro-Ando A. CD38 is Required for Dendritic Organization in Visual Cortex and Hippocampus. Neuroscience 2018; 372:114-125. [PMID: 29306053 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2017.12.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2017] [Revised: 12/15/2017] [Accepted: 12/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Morphological screening of mouse brains with known behavioral deficits can give great insight into the relationship between brain regions and their behavior. Oxytocin- and CD38-deficient mice have previously been shown to have behavioral phenotypes, such as restrictions in social memory, social interactions, and maternal behavior. CD38 is reported as an autism spectrum disorder (ASD) candidate gene and its behavioral phenotypes may be linked to ASD. To address whether these behavioral phenotypes relate to brain pathology and neuronal morphology, here we investigate the morphological changes in the CD38-deficient mice brains, with focus on the pathology and neuronal morphology of the cortex and hippocampus, using Nissl staining, immunohistochemistry, and Golgi staining. No difference was found in terms of cortical layer thickness. However, we found abnormalities in the number of neurons and neuronal morphology in the visual cortex and dentate gyrus (DG). In particular, there were arborisation differences between CD38-/- and CD38+/+ mice in the apical dendrites of the visual cortex and hippocampal CA1 pyramidal neurons. The data suggest that CD38 is implicated in appropriate development of brain regions important for social behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thom P Nelissen
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht and Utrecht University, Stratenum 4.205, P.O. Box 85060, 3508 AB Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Rosemary A Bamford
- University of Exeter Medical School, University of Exeter, Exeter EX2 5DW, United Kingdom
| | - Shiro Tochitani
- Research Center for Child Mental Development, University of Fukui, Fukui 910-1193, Japan; Department of Radiological Technology, Faculty of Health Science, Suzaka University of Medical Science, Suzaka, Mie, Japan
| | - Kamuran Akkus
- University of Exeter Medical School, University of Exeter, Exeter EX2 5DW, United Kingdom
| | - Aurimas Kudzinskas
- University of Exeter Medical School, University of Exeter, Exeter EX2 5DW, United Kingdom
| | - Kenichiro Yokoi
- Research Center for Child Mental Development, University of Fukui, Fukui 910-1193, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Okamoto
- Department of Biochemistry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendei 980-8575, Japan; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Vascular Biology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa 920-8640, Japan
| | - Yasuhiko Yamamoto
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Vascular Biology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa 920-8640, Japan
| | - J Peter H Burbach
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht and Utrecht University, Stratenum 4.205, P.O. Box 85060, 3508 AB Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Hideo Matsuzaki
- Research Center for Child Mental Development, University of Fukui, Fukui 910-1193, Japan; Department of Development of Functional Brain Activities, United Graduate School of Child Development, Osaka University, Kanazawa University, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Chiba University and University of Fukui, Fukui 910-1193, Japan.
| | - Asami Oguro-Ando
- University of Exeter Medical School, University of Exeter, Exeter EX2 5DW, United Kingdom.
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29
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Boslett J, Hemann C, Christofi FL, Zweier JL. Characterization of CD38 in the major cell types of the heart: endothelial cells highly express CD38 with activation by hypoxia-reoxygenation triggering NAD(P)H depletion. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2017; 314:C297-C309. [PMID: 29187364 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00139.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The NAD(P)+-hydrolyzing enzyme CD38 is activated in the heart during the process of ischemia and reperfusion, triggering NAD(P)(H) depletion. However, the presence and role of CD38 in the major cell types of the heart are unknown. Therefore, we characterize the presence and function of CD38 in cardiac myocytes, endothelial cells, and fibroblasts. To comprehensively evaluate CD38 in these cells, we measured gene transcription via mRNA, as well as protein expression and enzymatic activity. Endothelial cells strongly expressed CD38, while only low expression was present in cardiac myocytes with intermediate levels in fibroblasts. In view of this high level expression in endothelial cells and the proposed role of CD38 in the pathogenesis of endothelial dysfunction, endothelial cells were subjected to hypoxia-reoxygenation to characterize the effect of this stress on CD38 expression and activity. An activity-based CD38 imaging method and CD38 activity assays were used to characterize CD38 activity in normoxic and hypoxic-reoxygenated endothelial cells, with marked CD38 activation seen following hypoxia-reoxygenation. To test the impact of hypoxia-reoxygenation-induced CD38 activation on endothelial cells, NAD(P)(H) levels and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS)-derived NO production were measured. Marked NADP(H) depletion with loss of NO and increase in superoxide production occurred following hypoxia-reoxygenation that was prevented by CD38 inhibition or knockdown. Thus, endothelial cells have high expression of CD38 which is activated by hypoxia-reoxygenation triggering CD38-mediated NADP(H) depletion with loss of eNOS-mediated NO generation and increased eNOS uncoupling. This demonstrates the importance of CD38 in the endothelium and explains the basis by which CD38 triggers post-ischemic endothelial dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Boslett
- Department of Internal Medicine, Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University , Columbus, Ohio
| | - Craig Hemann
- Department of Internal Medicine, Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University , Columbus, Ohio
| | - Fedias L Christofi
- Department of Anesthesiology, Wexner Medical Center at Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Jay L Zweier
- Department of Internal Medicine, Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University , Columbus, Ohio
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30
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Pang B, Kim S, Li D, Ma Z, Sun B, Zhang X, Wu Z, Chen L. Glucagon-like peptide-1 potentiates glucose-stimulated insulin secretion via the transient receptor potential melastatin 2 channel. Exp Ther Med 2017; 14:5219-5227. [PMID: 29201240 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2017.5136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2016] [Accepted: 06/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The transient receptor potential melastatin 2 (TRPM2) channel, a Ca2+ permeable channel activated by cAMP, is expressed on pancreatic β-cells and is responsible for the regulation of insulin secretion. It is known that glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) can be potentiated by glucagon like peptide-1 (GLP-1), and that the changes in the extracellular glucose concentration alter the levels of intracellular adenosine ATP and cAMP. The present study hypothesized that TRPM2 mediates the modulatory effect of GLP-1 on insulin secretion. The results demonstrated that silencing of TRPM2 eliminated GLP-1-enhanced insulin secretion, indicating the involvement of TRPM2 in this process. In addition, the results of current recordings of TRPM2 and measurement of the resulting insulin secretion in β-cells in the presence of GLP-1 and various concentrations of glucose suggest that GLP-1 regulates GSIS via the TRPM2 channel. Furthermore, inhibiting the activity or expression of TRPM2 attenuated GLP-1-induced GSIS. By using specific activators or inhibitors, the present study demonstrated that the two primary downstream effectors of the GLP-1 receptor, exchange protein directly activated by cAMP and protein kinase A, differentially influence GSIS and GLP-1-potentiated GSIS. In conclusion, the present study revealed the role of TRPM2 in GLP-1-regulated insulin secretion. The results of the present study provide a novel avenue for the prevention and treatment of diabetes and its complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Pang
- Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development (Ministry of Health), Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Tianjin Metabolic Diseases Hospital and Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, P.R. China
| | - Sungjoon Kim
- Department of Physiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 110-799, Republic of Korea.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 110-799, Republic of Korea
| | - Daiqing Li
- Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development (Ministry of Health), Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Tianjin Metabolic Diseases Hospital and Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, P.R. China
| | - Zejun Ma
- Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development (Ministry of Health), Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Tianjin Metabolic Diseases Hospital and Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, P.R. China
| | - Bei Sun
- Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development (Ministry of Health), Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Tianjin Metabolic Diseases Hospital and Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, P.R. China
| | - Xiaona Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development (Ministry of Health), Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Tianjin Metabolic Diseases Hospital and Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, P.R. China
| | - Zhongming Wu
- Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development (Ministry of Health), Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Tianjin Metabolic Diseases Hospital and Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, P.R. China
| | - Liming Chen
- Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development (Ministry of Health), Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Tianjin Metabolic Diseases Hospital and Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, P.R. China
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31
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From insulin synthesis to secretion: Alternative splicing of type 2 ryanodine receptor gene is essential for insulin secretion in pancreatic β cells. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2017; 91:176-183. [PMID: 28736243 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2017.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2017] [Revised: 07/14/2017] [Accepted: 07/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Increases in the intracellular Ca2+ concentration in pancreatic islets, resulting from the Ca2+ mobilization from the intracellular source through the ryanodine receptor, are essential for insulin secretion by glucose. Cyclic ADP-ribose, a potent Ca2+ mobilizing second messenger synthesized from NAD+ by CD38, regulates the opening of ryanodine receptor. A novel ryanodine receptor mRNA (the islet-type ryanodine receptor) was found to be generated from the type 2 ryanodine receptor gene by the alternative splicing of exons 4 and 75. The islet-type ryanodine receptor mRNA is expressed in a variety of tissues such as pancreatic islets, cerebrum, cerebellum, and other neuro-endocrine cells, whereas the authentic type 2 ryanodine receptor mRNA (the heart-type ryanodine receptor) was found to be generated using GG/AG splicing of intron 75 and is expressed in the heart and the blood vessel. The islet-type ryanodine receptor caused a greater increase in the Ca2+ release by caffeine when expressed in HEK293 cells pre-treated with cyclic ADP-ribose, suggesting that the novel ryanodine receptor is an intracellular target for the CD38-cyclic ADP-ribose signal system in mammalian cells and that the tissue-specific alternative splicing of type 2 ryanodine receptor mRNA plays an important role in the functioning of the cyclic ADP-ribose-sensitive Ca2+ release.
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Zocchi E, Hontecillas R, Leber A, Einerhand A, Carbo A, Bruzzone S, Tubau-Juni N, Philipson N, Zoccoli-Rodriguez V, Sturla L, Bassaganya-Riera J. Abscisic Acid: A Novel Nutraceutical for Glycemic Control. Front Nutr 2017; 4:24. [PMID: 28660193 PMCID: PMC5468461 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2017.00024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2017] [Accepted: 05/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Abscisic acid is naturally present in fruits and vegetables, and it plays an important role in managing glucose homeostasis in humans. According to the latest U.S. dietary survey, about 92% of the population might have a deficient intake of ABA due to their deficient intake of fruits and vegetables. This review summarizes the in vitro, preclinical, mechanistic, and human translational findings obtained over the past 15 years in the study of the role of ABA in glycemic control. In 2007, dietary ABA was first reported to ameliorate glucose tolerance and obesity-related inflammation in mice. The most recent findings regarding the topic of ABA and its proposed receptor lanthionine synthetase C-like 2 in glycemic control and their interplay with insulin and glucagon-like peptide-1 suggest a major role for ABA in the physiological response to a glucose load in humans. Moreover, emerging evidence suggests that the ABA response might be dysfunctional in diabetic subjects. Follow on intervention studies in healthy individuals show that low-dose dietary ABA administration exerts a beneficial effect on the glycemia and insulinemia profiles after oral glucose load. These recent findings showing benefits in humans, together with extensive efficacy data in mouse models of diabetes and inflammatory disease, suggest the need for reference ABA values and its possible exploitation of the glycemia-lowering effects of ABA for preventative purposes. Larger clinical studies on healthy, prediabetic, and diabetic subjects are needed to determine whether addressing the widespread dietary ABA deficiency improves glucose control in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Zocchi
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Biochemistry and Center of Excellence for Biomedical Research, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Raquel Hontecillas
- BioTherapeutics Inc., Blacksburg, VA, United States.,Nutritional Immunology and Molecular Medicine Laboratory, Biocomplexity Institute of Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, United States
| | - Andrew Leber
- BioTherapeutics Inc., Blacksburg, VA, United States
| | | | - Adria Carbo
- BioTherapeutics Inc., Blacksburg, VA, United States
| | - Santina Bruzzone
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Biochemistry and Center of Excellence for Biomedical Research, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Nuria Tubau-Juni
- Nutritional Immunology and Molecular Medicine Laboratory, Biocomplexity Institute of Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, United States
| | | | | | - Laura Sturla
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Biochemistry and Center of Excellence for Biomedical Research, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Josep Bassaganya-Riera
- BioTherapeutics Inc., Blacksburg, VA, United States.,Nutritional Immunology and Molecular Medicine Laboratory, Biocomplexity Institute of Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, United States
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Kakei M, Yoshida M, Dezaki K, Ito K, Yamada H, Funazaki S, Kawakami M, Sugawara H, Yada T. Glucose and GTP-binding protein-coupled receptor cooperatively regulate transient receptor potential-channels to stimulate insulin secretion [Review]. Endocr J 2016; 63:867-876. [PMID: 27321586 DOI: 10.1507/endocrj.ej16-0262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
In pancreatic β-cells, glucose-induced closure of the ATP-sensitive K+ (KATP) channel is an initial process triggering glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS). This KATP-channel dependent pathway has been believed to be a central mechanism for GSIS. However, since the resting membrane potential of cells is determined by the balance of the net result of current amplitudes in outward and inward directions, it must be taken into consideration that not only KATP channel inhibition but also inward current via the basal opening of non-selective cation channels (NSCCs) plays a crucial role in membrane potential regulation. The basal activity of NSCCs is essential to effectively evoke depolarization in concert with KATP channel closure that is dependent on glucose metabolism. The present study summarizes recent findings regarding the roles of NSCCs in GSIS and GTP-binding protein coupled receptor-(GPCR) operated potentiation of GSIS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masafumi Kakei
- Internal Medicine, Saitama Medical Center, Jichi Medical University, Saitama 330-8503, Japan
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CD38 Deficiency Protects the Heart from Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury through Activating SIRT1/FOXOs-Mediated Antioxidative Stress Pathway. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2016; 2016:7410257. [PMID: 27547294 PMCID: PMC4983367 DOI: 10.1155/2016/7410257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2016] [Revised: 05/25/2016] [Accepted: 06/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury induces irreversible oxidative stress damage to the cardiac muscle. We previously observed that CD38 deficiency remarkably protects mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) from oxidative stress-induced injury. However, whether CD38 deficiency protects from I/R injury in the heart is not explored. Here, we showed that the hearts of CD38 deficient mice or wild type mice supplied with exogenous NAD were significantly protected from ischemia/reperfusion injury, seen as reduction of the myocardial infarct sizes when the mice were subjected to 30 min ischemia followed by 24 hours of reperfusion. Consistently, the protection of CD38 deficiency on hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R) injury was confirmed with a CD38 knockdown H9c2 stable cell line. Furthermore, we observed that knockdown of CD38 remarkably inhibited ROS generation and intracellular Ca2+ overloading induced by H/R in H9c2 cells. The FOXO1 and FOXO3 expressions were significantly elevated by H/R injury in CD38 knockdown cells compared with normal H9c2 cells. The cell immunofluorescence assay showed that FOXO1 nuclear translocation was significantly increased in CD38 knockdown H9c2 cells. In addition, we demonstrated that the increase of FOXO1 nuclear translocation was associated with the increased expressions of antioxidant catalase and SOD2 and the attenuated expression of the ROS generation enzyme NOX4. In conclusion, our results provide new evidence that CD38 deficiency protects the heart from I/R injury through activating SIRT1/FOXOs-mediated antioxidative stress pathway.
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Zhong J, Amina S, Liang M, Akther S, Yuhi T, Nishimura T, Tsuji C, Tsuji T, Liu HX, Hashii M, Furuhara K, Yokoyama S, Yamamoto Y, Okamoto H, Zhao YJ, Lee HC, Tominaga M, Lopatina O, Higashida H. Cyclic ADP-Ribose and Heat Regulate Oxytocin Release via CD38 and TRPM2 in the Hypothalamus during Social or Psychological Stress in Mice. Front Neurosci 2016; 10:304. [PMID: 27499729 PMCID: PMC4956647 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2016.00304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2016] [Accepted: 06/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypothalamic oxytocin (OT) is released into the brain by cyclic ADP-ribose (cADPR) with or without depolarizing stimulation. Previously, we showed that the intracellular free calcium concentration ([Ca2+]i) that seems to trigger OT release can be elevated by β-NAD+, cADPR, and ADP in mouse oxytocinergic neurons. As these β-NAD+ metabolites activate warm-sensitive TRPM2 cation channels, when the incubation temperature is increased, the [Ca2+]i in hypothalamic neurons is elevated. However, it has not been determined whether OT release is facilitated by heat in vitro or hyperthermia in vivo in combination with cADPR. Furthermore, it has not been examined whether CD38 and TRPM2 exert their functions on OT release during stress or stress-induced hyperthermia in relation to the anxiolytic roles and social behaviors of OT under stress conditions. Here, we report that OT release from the isolated hypothalami of male mice in culture was enhanced by extracellular application of cADPR or increasing the incubation temperature from 35°C to 38.5°C, and simultaneous stimulation showed a greater effect. This release was inhibited by a cADPR-dependent ryanodine receptor inhibitor and a nonspecific TRPM2 inhibitor. The facilitated release by heat and cADPR was suppressed in the hypothalamus isolated from CD38 knockout mice and CD38- or TRPM2-knockdown mice. In the course of these experiments, we noted that OT release differed markedly between individual mice under stress with group housing. That is, when male mice received cage-switch stress and eliminated due to their social subclass, significantly higher levels of OT release were found in subordinates compared with ordinates. In mice exposed to anxiety stress in an open field, the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) OT level increased transiently at 5 min after exposure, and the rectal temperature also increased from 36.6°C to 37.8°C. OT levels in the CSF of mice with lipopolysaccharide-induced fever (+0.8°C) were higher than those of control mice. The TRPM2 mRNA levels and immunoreactivities increased in the subordinate group with cage-switch stress. These results showed that cADPR/CD38 and heat/TRPM2 are co-regulators of OT secretion and suggested that CD38 and TRPM2 are potential therapeutic targets for OT release in psychiatric diseases caused by social stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhong
- Department of Basic Research on Social Recognition and Memory, Research Centre for Child Mental Development, Kanazawa University Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Sarwat Amina
- Department of Basic Research on Social Recognition and Memory, Research Centre for Child Mental Development, Kanazawa University Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Mingkun Liang
- Department of Basic Research on Social Recognition and Memory, Research Centre for Child Mental Development, Kanazawa University Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Shirin Akther
- Department of Basic Research on Social Recognition and Memory, Research Centre for Child Mental Development, Kanazawa University Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Teruko Yuhi
- Department of Basic Research on Social Recognition and Memory, Research Centre for Child Mental Development, Kanazawa University Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Tomoko Nishimura
- Department of Basic Research on Social Recognition and Memory, Research Centre for Child Mental Development, Kanazawa University Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Chiharu Tsuji
- Department of Basic Research on Social Recognition and Memory, Research Centre for Child Mental Development, Kanazawa University Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Takahiro Tsuji
- Department of Basic Research on Social Recognition and Memory, Research Centre for Child Mental Development, Kanazawa University Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Hong-Xiang Liu
- Department of Basic Research on Social Recognition and Memory, Research Centre for Child Mental Development, Kanazawa University Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Minako Hashii
- Department of Basic Research on Social Recognition and Memory, Research Centre for Child Mental Development, Kanazawa University Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Kazumi Furuhara
- Department of Basic Research on Social Recognition and Memory, Research Centre for Child Mental Development, Kanazawa University Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Shigeru Yokoyama
- Department of Basic Research on Social Recognition and Memory, Research Centre for Child Mental Development, Kanazawa University Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Yasuhiko Yamamoto
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Vascular Biology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Okamoto
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Vascular Biology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical SciencesKanazawa, Japan; Department of Biochemistry, Tohoku University Graduate School of MedicineSendai, Japan
| | - Yong Juan Zhao
- School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Peking University Graduate School Shenzhen, China
| | - Hon Cheung Lee
- School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Peking University Graduate School Shenzhen, China
| | - Makoto Tominaga
- Division of Cell Signaling, Okazaki Institute for Integrative Bioscience (National Institute for Physiological Sciences), National Institutes of Natural Sciences Okazaki, Japan
| | - Olga Lopatina
- Department of Basic Research on Social Recognition and Memory, Research Centre for Child Mental Development, Kanazawa UniversityKanazawa, Japan; Research Institute of Molecular Medicine and Pathobiochemistry, Krasnoyarsk State Medical UniversityKrasnoyarsk, Russia
| | - Haruhiro Higashida
- Department of Basic Research on Social Recognition and Memory, Research Centre for Child Mental Development, Kanazawa UniversityKanazawa, Japan; Research Institute of Molecular Medicine and Pathobiochemistry, Krasnoyarsk State Medical UniversityKrasnoyarsk, Russia
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36
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van de Donk NWCJ, Janmaat ML, Mutis T, Lammerts van Bueren JJ, Ahmadi T, Sasser AK, Lokhorst HM, Parren PWHI. Monoclonal antibodies targeting CD38 in hematological malignancies and beyond. Immunol Rev 2016; 270:95-112. [PMID: 26864107 PMCID: PMC4755228 DOI: 10.1111/imr.12389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 238] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
CD38 is a multifunctional cell surface protein that has receptor as well as enzyme functions. The protein is generally expressed at low levels on various hematological and solid tissues, while plasma cells express particularly high levels of CD38. The protein is also expressed in a subset of hematological tumors, and shows especially broad and high expression levels in plasma cell tumors such as multiple myeloma (MM). Together, this triggered the development of various therapeutic CD38 antibodies, including daratumumab, isatuximab, and MOR202. Daratumumab binds a unique CD38 epitope and showed strong anti-tumor activity in preclinical models. The antibody engages diverse mechanisms of action, including complement-dependent cytotoxicity, antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity, antibody-dependent cellular phagocytosis, programmed cell death, modulation of enzymatic activity, and immunomodulatory activity. CD38-targeting antibodies have a favorable toxicity profile in patients, and early clinical data show a marked activity in MM, while studies in other hematological malignancies are ongoing. Daratumumab has single agent activity and a limited toxicity profile, allowing favorable combination therapies with existing as well as emerging therapies, which are currently evaluated in the clinic. Finally, CD38 antibodies may have a role in the treatment of diseases beyond hematological malignancies, including solid tumors and antibody-mediated autoimmune diseases.
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MESH Headings
- ADP-ribosyl Cyclase 1/antagonists & inhibitors
- ADP-ribosyl Cyclase 1/genetics
- ADP-ribosyl Cyclase 1/metabolism
- Animals
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/pharmacology
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/therapeutic use
- Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized/pharmacology
- Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized/therapeutic use
- Antineoplastic Agents/pharmacology
- Antineoplastic Agents/therapeutic use
- Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/therapeutic use
- Clinical Studies as Topic
- Cytotoxicity, Immunologic
- Drug Evaluation, Preclinical
- Drug Resistance, Neoplasm
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic/drug effects
- Hematologic Neoplasms/drug therapy
- Hematologic Neoplasms/genetics
- Hematologic Neoplasms/immunology
- Hematologic Neoplasms/metabolism
- Humans
- Immunomodulation/drug effects
- Protein Binding
- Recurrence
- Treatment Outcome
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Tuna Mutis
- Department of HematologyVU University Medical CenterAmsterdamthe Netherlands
| | | | | | | | - Henk M. Lokhorst
- Department of HematologyVU University Medical CenterAmsterdamthe Netherlands
| | - Paul W. H. I. Parren
- GenmabUtrechtthe Netherlands
- Department of Cancer and inflammation ResearchInstitute of Molecular MedicineUniversity of Southern DenmarkOdenseDenmark
- Department of Immunohematology and Blood TransfusionLeiden University Medical CenterLeidenthe Netherlands
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37
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Arginine Thiazolidine Carboxylate Stimulates Insulin Secretion through Production of Ca2+-Mobilizing Second Messengers NAADP and cADPR in Pancreatic Islets. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0134962. [PMID: 26247205 PMCID: PMC4527757 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0134962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2015] [Accepted: 07/16/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxothiazolidine carboxylic acid is a prodrug of cysteine that acts as an anti-diabetic agent via insulin secretion and the formation of the Ca2+-mobilizing second messenger, cyclic ADP-ribose (cADPR). Here we show that a hybrid compound, arginine thiazolidine carboxylate (ATC), increases cytoplasmic Ca2+ in pancreatic β-cells, and that the ATC-induced Ca2+ signals result from the sequential formation of two Ca2+-mobilizing second messengers: nicotinic acid adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NAADP) and cADPR. Our data demonstrate that ATC has potent insulin-releasing properties, due to the additive action of its two components; thiazolidine carboxylate (TC) and L-arginine. TC increases glutathione (GSH) levels, resulting in cAMP production, followed by a cascade pathway of NAADP/nitric oxide (NO)/cGMP/cADPR synthesis. L-arginine serves as the substrate for NO synthase (NOS), which results in cADPR synthesis via cGMP formation. Neuronal NOS is specifically activated in pancreatic β-cells upon ATC treatment. These results suggest that ATC is an ideal candidate as an anti-diabetic, capable of modulating the physiological Ca2+ signalling pathway to stimulate insulin secretion.
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38
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Wong SW, Comenzo RL. CD38 Monoclonal Antibody Therapies for Multiple Myeloma. CLINICAL LYMPHOMA MYELOMA & LEUKEMIA 2015; 15:635-45. [PMID: 26443328 DOI: 10.1016/j.clml.2015.07.642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2015] [Revised: 06/23/2015] [Accepted: 07/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The goal of this review is to provide historical, recent preclinical, and current clinical summaries of efforts to understand the CD38 molecule and to develop monoclonal antibodies that target it. We focus particularly on efforts involving multiple myeloma, a malignancy of terminally differentiated B cells that remains incurable despite many advances. An era of anti-CD38 monoclonal antibody therapy for myeloma is approaching, one that, we hope, will enable patients to live longer and better lives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandy W Wong
- Departments of Medicine and Pathology and the Division of Hematology-Oncology, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA.
| | - Raymond L Comenzo
- Departments of Medicine and Pathology and the Division of Hematology-Oncology, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA
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39
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Enami N, Itaya-Hironaka A, Yamauchi A, Sakuramoto-Tsuchida S, Takasawa S, Takahashi Y. The CD38 genotype (rs1800561 (4693C>T): R140W) is associated with an increased risk of admission to the neonatal intensive care unit. Early Hum Dev 2015; 91:467-70. [PMID: 26025338 DOI: 10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2015.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2015] [Revised: 04/28/2015] [Accepted: 05/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUNDS Preterm birth (PTB)/admission to the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) is a complex disorder associated with significant neonatal mortality and morbidity and long-term adverse health consequences. Multiple lines of evidence suggest that genetic factors play an important role in its etiology. AIM Given the role of CD38 in term delivery through oxytocin (OXT) release, we hypothesized that OXT signaling may play a role in the etiology of PTB/admission to the NICU. This study was designed to identify genetic variation in the CD38-oxytocin pathway associated with PTB/admission to the NICU. METHODS To identify common genetic variants predisposing individuals to PTB/admission to the NICU, we genotyped two single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the CD38-oxytocin pathway in 63 case mothers, 55 control mothers, and 188 female volunteers in Nara Medical University Hospital, Japan. RESULTS Maternal genetic effect analysis of the SNP genotype data revealed a significant association between an SNP in CD38 (rs1800561 (4693C>T): R140W), which was reported to be correlated with diabetes and autism, and the risk of NICU admission. On the other hand, an SNP in the oxytocin receptor (OXTR) (rs2254298) showed no correlation with the risk of NICU admission. CONCLUSION Our study points to an association between maternal common polymorphisms in the CD38 (rs1800561) gene in Japanese women and susceptibility to PTB/admission to the NICU. Future studies with larger sample sizes are needed to confirm the findings of this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nobuko Enami
- Division of Neonatal Intensive Care, Perinatal Center, Nara Medical University Hospital, Kashihara 634-8522, Japan
| | | | - Akiyo Yamauchi
- Department of Biochemistry, Nara Medical University, Kashihara 634-8521, Japan
| | | | - Shin Takasawa
- Department of Biochemistry, Nara Medical University, Kashihara 634-8521, Japan.
| | - Yukihiro Takahashi
- Division of Neonatal Intensive Care, Perinatal Center, Nara Medical University Hospital, Kashihara 634-8522, Japan
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40
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Arredouani A, Ruas M, Collins SC, Parkesh R, Clough F, Pillinger T, Coltart G, Rietdorf K, Royle A, Johnson P, Braun M, Zhang Q, Sones W, Shimomura K, Morgan AJ, Lewis AM, Chuang KT, Tunn R, Gadea J, Teboul L, Heister PM, Tynan PW, Bellomo EA, Rutter GA, Rorsman P, Churchill GC, Parrington J, Galione A. Nicotinic Acid Adenine Dinucleotide Phosphate (NAADP) and Endolysosomal Two-pore Channels Modulate Membrane Excitability and Stimulus-Secretion Coupling in Mouse Pancreatic β Cells. J Biol Chem 2015; 290:21376-92. [PMID: 26152717 PMCID: PMC4571866 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.671248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic β cells are electrically excitable and respond to elevated glucose concentrations with bursts of Ca2+ action potentials due to the activation of voltage-dependent Ca2+ channels (VDCCs), which leads to the exocytosis of insulin granules. We have examined the possible role of nicotinic acid adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NAADP)-mediated Ca2+ release from intracellular stores during stimulus-secretion coupling in primary mouse pancreatic β cells. NAADP-regulated Ca2+ release channels, likely two-pore channels (TPCs), have recently been shown to be a major mechanism for mobilizing Ca2+ from the endolysosomal system, resulting in localized Ca2+ signals. We show here that NAADP-mediated Ca2+ release from endolysosomal Ca2+ stores activates inward membrane currents and depolarizes the β cell to the threshold for VDCC activation and thereby contributes to glucose-evoked depolarization of the membrane potential during stimulus-response coupling. Selective pharmacological inhibition of NAADP-evoked Ca2+ release or genetic ablation of endolysosomal TPC1 or TPC2 channels attenuates glucose- and sulfonylurea-induced membrane currents, depolarization, cytoplasmic Ca2+ signals, and insulin secretion. Our findings implicate NAADP-evoked Ca2+ release from acidic Ca2+ storage organelles in stimulus-secretion coupling in β cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdelilah Arredouani
- From the Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3QT, United Kingdom,
| | - Margarida Ruas
- From the Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3QT, United Kingdom
| | - Stephan C Collins
- the Centre des Sciences du Gout et de l'Alimentation, Equipe 5, 9E Boulevard Jeanne d'Arc 21000 Dijon, France
| | - Raman Parkesh
- From the Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3QT, United Kingdom
| | - Frederick Clough
- From the Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3QT, United Kingdom
| | - Toby Pillinger
- From the Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3QT, United Kingdom
| | - George Coltart
- From the Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3QT, United Kingdom
| | - Katja Rietdorf
- From the Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3QT, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew Royle
- From the Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3QT, United Kingdom
| | - Paul Johnson
- the Nuffield Department of Surgery, John Radcliffe Hospital, Headley Way, Headington, Oxford OX3 9DU, United Kingdom
| | - Matthias Braun
- the The Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Churchill Hospital, Oxford OX3 7LJ, United Kingdom
| | - Quan Zhang
- the The Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Churchill Hospital, Oxford OX3 7LJ, United Kingdom
| | - William Sones
- the The Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Churchill Hospital, Oxford OX3 7LJ, United Kingdom
| | - Kenju Shimomura
- the Henry Wellcome Centre for Gene Function, Department of Physiology, Anatomy, and Genetics, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QX, United Kingdom
| | - Anthony J Morgan
- From the Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3QT, United Kingdom
| | - Alexander M Lewis
- From the Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3QT, United Kingdom
| | - Kai-Ting Chuang
- From the Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3QT, United Kingdom
| | - Ruth Tunn
- From the Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3QT, United Kingdom
| | - Joaquin Gadea
- From the Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3QT, United Kingdom
| | - Lydia Teboul
- The Mary Lyon Centre, Medical Research Council Harwell, Oxfordshire OX11 0RD, United Kingdom
| | - Paula M Heister
- From the Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3QT, United Kingdom
| | - Patricia W Tynan
- From the Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3QT, United Kingdom
| | - Elisa A Bellomo
- the Centre des Sciences du Gout et de l'Alimentation, Equipe 5, 9E Boulevard Jeanne d'Arc 21000 Dijon, France
| | - Guy A Rutter
- the Section of Cell Biology and Functional Genomics, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Medicine, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, United Kingdom, and
| | - Patrik Rorsman
- the The Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Churchill Hospital, Oxford OX3 7LJ, United Kingdom
| | - Grant C Churchill
- From the Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3QT, United Kingdom
| | - John Parrington
- From the Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3QT, United Kingdom,
| | - Antony Galione
- From the Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3QT, United Kingdom,
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41
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Gilon P, Chae HY, Rutter GA, Ravier MA. Calcium signaling in pancreatic β-cells in health and in Type 2 diabetes. Cell Calcium 2014; 56:340-61. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2014.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2014] [Revised: 08/26/2014] [Accepted: 09/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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42
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Galione A. A primer of NAADP-mediated Ca(2+) signalling: From sea urchin eggs to mammalian cells. Cell Calcium 2014; 58:27-47. [PMID: 25449298 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2014.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2014] [Revised: 09/28/2014] [Accepted: 09/29/2014] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Since the discovery of the Ca(2+) mobilizing effects of the pyridine nucleotide metabolite, nicotinic acid adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NAADP), this molecule has been demonstrated to function as a Ca(2+) mobilizing intracellular messenger in a wide range of cell types. In this review, I will briefly summarize the distinct principles behind NAADP-mediated Ca(2+) signalling before going on to outline the role of this messenger in the physiology of specific cell types. Central to the discussion here is the finding that NAADP principally mobilizes Ca(2+) from acidic organelles such as lysosomes and it is this property that allows NAADP to play a unique role in intracellular Ca(2+) signalling. Lysosomes and related organelles are small Ca(2+) stores but importantly may also initiate a two-way dialogue with other Ca(2+) storage organelles to amplify Ca(2+) release, and may be strategically localized to influence localized Ca(2+) signalling microdomains. The study of NAADP signalling has created a new and fruitful focus on the lysosome and endolysosomal system as major players in calcium signalling and pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antony Galione
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3QT, UK.
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43
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Rangel EB. Tacrolimus in pancreas transplant: a focus on toxicity, diabetogenic effect and drug–drug interactions. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol 2014; 10:1585-605. [DOI: 10.1517/17425255.2014.964205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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44
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Uchida K, Tominaga M. The role of TRPM2 in pancreatic β-cells and the development of diabetes. Cell Calcium 2014; 56:332-9. [PMID: 25084624 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2014.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2014] [Revised: 06/30/2014] [Accepted: 07/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
TRPM2 is a Ca(2+)-permeable non-selective cation channel that can be activated by adenosine dinucleotides, hydrogen peroxide, or intracellular Ca(2+). The protein is expressed in a wide variety of cells, including neurons in the brain, immune cells, endocrine cells, and endothelial cells. This channel is also well expressed in β-cells in the pancreas. Insulin secretion from pancreatic β-cells is the primary mechanism by which the concentration of blood glucose is reduced. Thus, impairment of insulin secretion leads to hyperglycemia and eventually causes diabetes. Glucose is the principal stimulator of insulin secretion. The primary pathway involved in glucose-stimulated insulin secretion is the ATP-sensitive K(+) (KATP) channel to voltage-gated Ca(2+) channel (VGCC)-mediated pathway. Increases in the intracellular Ca(2+) concentration are necessary for insulin secretion, but VGCC is not sufficient to explain [Ca(2+)]i increases in pancreatic β-cells and the resultant secretion of insulin. In this review, we focus on TRPM2 as a candidate for a [Ca(2+)]i modulator in pancreatic β-cells and its involvement in insulin secretion and development of diabetes. Although further analyses are needed to clarify the mechanism underlying TRPM2-mediated insulin secretion, TRPM2 could be a key player in the regulation of insulin secretion and could represent a new target for diabetes therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kunitoshi Uchida
- Division of Cell Signaling, Okazaki Institute for Integrative Bioscience (National Institute for Physiological Sciences), National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8787, Japan; Department of Physiological Sciences, The University of Advanced Studies, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8585, Japan.
| | - Makoto Tominaga
- Division of Cell Signaling, Okazaki Institute for Integrative Bioscience (National Institute for Physiological Sciences), National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8787, Japan; Department of Physiological Sciences, The University of Advanced Studies, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8585, Japan.
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45
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Nakagawa K, Takasawa S, Nata K, Yamauchi A, Itaya-Hironaka A, Ota H, Yoshimoto K, Sakuramoto-Tsuchida S, Miyaoka T, Takeda M, Unno M, Okamoto H. Prevention of Reg I-induced β-cell apoptosis by IL-6/dexamethasone through activation of HGF gene regulation. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2013; 1833:2988-2995. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2013.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2013] [Revised: 08/05/2013] [Accepted: 08/07/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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46
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Expression of Ins1 and Ins2 genes in mouse fetal liver. Cell Tissue Res 2013; 355:303-14. [PMID: 24258027 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-013-1741-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2013] [Accepted: 10/09/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
A possible cure for diabetes is explored by using non-pancreatic cells such as fetal hepatocytes. The expression of insulin and transcription factors for insulin is investigated in mouse fetal liver. We detected mRNAs for insulin I (Ins1) and insulin II (Ins2) and proinsulin- and mature insulin-positive cells in mouse fetal liver by reverse transcription plus the polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemistry. Glucagon, somatostatin and pancreatic polypeptide were not expressed throughout development. Mouse Ins2 and Ins1 promoters were transiently activated in mouse fetal hepatocytes of embryonic days 13.5 and 16.5, respectively. Pancreatic and duodenal homeobox 1 (Pdx1) mRNA was not expressed during development of the liver. In contrast, mRNAs and proteins of neurogenic differentiation (NeuroD)/β cell E-box transactivator 2 (Beta2) and v-maf musculoaponeurotic fibrosarcoma oncogene homolog (MafA) were almost simultaneously expressed with insulin genes in the liver. Ins2 and Ins1 promoters were activated in hepatoma cells by the transfection of the expression vector for NeuroD/Beta2 alone and by the combination of NeuroD/Beta2 and MafA, respectively. These results indicate that the expression of NeuroD/Beta2 and MafA is linked temporally with the transcription of Ins2 and Ins1 genes in mouse fetal liver and suggest the potential usage of fetal hepatocytes to make insulin-producing β cells by introducing transcription factors.
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Pancreatic β cell proliferation by intermittent hypoxia via up-regulation of Reg family genes and HGF gene. Life Sci 2013; 93:664-72. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2013.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2013] [Revised: 07/30/2013] [Accepted: 09/05/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Orabi AI, Muili KA, Javed TA, Jin S, Jayaraman T, Lund FE, Husain SZ. Cluster of differentiation 38 (CD38) mediates bile acid-induced acinar cell injury and pancreatitis through cyclic ADP-ribose and intracellular calcium release. J Biol Chem 2013; 288:27128-27137. [PMID: 23940051 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m113.494534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Aberrant Ca(2+) signals within pancreatic acinar cells are an early and critical feature in acute pancreatitis, yet it is unclear how these signals are generated. An important mediator of the aberrant Ca(2+) signals due to bile acid exposure is the intracellular Ca(2+) channel ryanodine receptor. One putative activator of the ryanodine receptor is the nucleotide second messenger cyclic ADP-ribose (cADPR), which is generated by an ectoenzyme ADP-ribosyl cyclase, CD38. In this study, we examined the role of CD38 and cADPR in acinar cell Ca(2+) signals and acinar injury due to bile acids using pharmacologic inhibitors of CD38 and cADPR as well as mice deficient in Cd38 (Cd38(-/-)). Cytosolic Ca(2+) signals were imaged using live time-lapse confocal microscopy in freshly isolated mouse acinar cells during perifusion with the bile acid taurolithocholic acid 3-sulfate (TLCS; 500 μM). To focus on intracellular Ca(2+) release and to specifically exclude Ca(2+) influx, cells were perifused in Ca(2+)-free medium. Cell injury was assessed by lactate dehydrogenase leakage and propidium iodide uptake. Pretreatment with either nicotinamide (20 mM) or the cADPR antagonist 8-Br-cADPR (30 μM) abrogated TLCS-induced Ca(2+) signals and cell injury. TLCS-induced Ca(2+) release and cell injury were reduced by 30 and 95%, respectively, in Cd38-deficient acinar cells compared with wild-type cells (p < 0.05). Cd38-deficient mice were protected against a model of bile acid infusion pancreatitis. In summary, these data indicate that CD38-cADPR mediates bile acid-induced pancreatitis and acinar cell injury through aberrant intracellular Ca(2+) signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Thottala Jayaraman
- Departments of Internal Medicine, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15224
| | - Frances E Lund
- Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35213
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Li PL, Zhang Y, Abais JM, Ritter JK, Zhang F. Cyclic ADP-Ribose and NAADP in Vascular Regulation and Diseases. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 2:63-85. [PMID: 24749015 DOI: 10.1166/msr.2013.1022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Cyclic ADP-ribose (cADPR) and nicotinic acid adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NAADP), two intracellular Ca2+ mobilizing second messengers, have been recognized as a fundamental signaling mechanism regulating a variety of cell or organ functions in different biological systems. Here we reviewed the literature regarding these ADP-ribosylcyclase products in vascular cells with a major focus on their production, physiological roles, and related underlying mechanisms mediating their actions. In particular, several hot topics in this area of research are comprehensively discussed, which may help understand some of the controversial evidence provided by different studies. For example, some new models are emerging for the agonist receptor coupling of CD38 or ADP-ribosylcyclase and for the formation of an acidic microenvironment to facilitate the production of NAADP in vascular cells. We also summarized the evidence regarding the NAADP-mediated two-phase Ca2+ release with a slow Ca2+-induced Ca2+ release (CICR) and corresponding physiological relevance. The possibility of a permanent structural space between lysosomes and sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR), as well as the critical role of lysosome trafficking in phase 2 Ca2+ release in response to some agonists are also explored. With respect to the molecular targets of NAADP within cells, several possible candidates including SR ryanodine receptors (RyRs), lysosomal transient receptor potential-mucolipin 1 (TRP-ML1) and two pore channels (TPCs) are presented with supporting and opposing evidence. Finally, the possible role of NAADP-mediated regulation of lysosome function in autophagy and atherogenesis is discussed, which may indicate a new direction for further studies on the pathological roles of cADPR and NAADP in the vascular system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pin-Lan Li
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Virginia Campus, Virginia Commonwealth University, VA 23298, USA
| | - Yang Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Virginia Campus, Virginia Commonwealth University, VA 23298, USA
| | - Justine M Abais
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Virginia Campus, Virginia Commonwealth University, VA 23298, USA
| | - Joseph K Ritter
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Virginia Campus, Virginia Commonwealth University, VA 23298, USA
| | - Fan Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Virginia Campus, Virginia Commonwealth University, VA 23298, USA
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Chillemi A, Zaccarello G, Quarona V, Ferracin M, Ghimenti C, Massaia M, Horenstein AL, Malavasi F. Anti-CD38 antibody therapy: windows of opportunity yielded by the functional characteristics of the target molecule. Mol Med 2013; 19:99-108. [PMID: 23615966 DOI: 10.2119/molmed.2013.00009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2013] [Accepted: 04/16/2013] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
In vivo use of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) has become a mainstay of routine clinical practice in the treatment of various human diseases. A number of molecules can serve as targets, according to the condition being treated. Now entering human clinical trials, CD38 molecule is a particularly attractive target because of its peculiar pattern of expression and its twin role as receptor and ectoenzyme. This review provides a range of analytical perspectives on the current progress in and challenges to anti-CD38 mAb therapy. We present a synopsis of the evidence available on CD38, particularly in myeloma and chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). Our aim is to make the data from basic science helpful and accessible to a diverse clinical audience and, at the same time, to improve its potential for in vivo use. The topics covered include tissue distribution and signal implementation by mAb ligation and the possibility of increasing cell density on target cells by exploiting information about the molecule's regulation in combination with drugs approved for in vivo use. Also analyzed is the behavior of CD38 as an enzyme: CD38 is a component of a pathway leading to the production of adenosine in the tumor microenvironment, thus inducing local anergy. Consequently, not only might CD38 be a prime target for mAb-mediated therapy, but its functional block may contribute to general improvement in cancer immunotherapy and outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonella Chillemi
- Laboratory of Immunogenetics, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Torino Medical School, Torino, Italy
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