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Zia S, Pizzuti V, Paris F, Alviano F, Bonsi L, Zattoni A, Reschiglian P, Roda B, Marassi V. Emerging technologies for quality control of cell-based, advanced therapy medicinal products. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2024; 246:116182. [PMID: 38772202 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2024.116182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/23/2024]
Abstract
Advanced therapy medicinal products (ATMP) are complex medicines based on gene therapy, somatic cell therapy, and tissue engineering. These products are rapidly arising as novel and promising therapies for a wide range of different clinical applications. The process for the development of well-established ATMPs is challenging. Many issues must be considered from raw material, manufacturing, safety, and pricing to assure the quality of ATMPs and their implementation as innovative therapeutic tools. Among ATMPs, cell-based ATMPs are drugs altogether. As for standard drugs, technologies for quality control, and non-invasive isolation and production of cell-based ATMPs are then needed to ensure their rapidly expanding applications and ameliorate safety and standardization of cell production. In this review, emerging approaches and technologies for quality control of innovative cell-based ATMPs are described. Among new techniques, microfluid-based systems show advantages related to their miniaturization, easy implementation in analytical process and automation which allow for the standardization of the final product.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Valeria Pizzuti
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Francesca Paris
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Francesco Alviano
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences (DiBiNem), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Laura Bonsi
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Andrea Zattoni
- Stem Sel srl, Bologna, Italy; Department of Chemistry "G. Ciamician", University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy; National Institute of Biostructure and Biosystems (INBB), 00136 Rome, Italy
| | - Pierluigi Reschiglian
- Stem Sel srl, Bologna, Italy; Department of Chemistry "G. Ciamician", University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy; National Institute of Biostructure and Biosystems (INBB), 00136 Rome, Italy
| | - Barbara Roda
- Stem Sel srl, Bologna, Italy; Department of Chemistry "G. Ciamician", University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy; National Institute of Biostructure and Biosystems (INBB), 00136 Rome, Italy.
| | - Valentina Marassi
- Department of Chemistry "G. Ciamician", University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy; National Institute of Biostructure and Biosystems (INBB), 00136 Rome, Italy
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2
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Montaño MD, Goodman AJ, Ranville JF. Past progress in environmental nanoanalysis and a future trajectory for atomic mass-spectrometry methods. NANOIMPACT 2024; 35:100518. [PMID: 38906249 DOI: 10.1016/j.impact.2024.100518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Revised: 05/14/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/23/2024]
Abstract
The development of engineered nanotechnology has necessitated a commensurate maturation of nanoanalysis capabilities. Building off a legacy established by electron microscopy and light-scattering, environmental nanoanalysis has now benefited from ongoing advancements in instrumentation and data analysis, which enable a deeper understanding of nanomaterial properties, behavior, and impacts. Where once environmental nanoparticles and colloids were grouped into broad 'dissolved or particulate' classes that are dependent on a filter size cut-off, now size distributions of submicron particles can be separated and characterized providing a more comprehensive examination of the nanoscale. Inductively coupled plasma-quadrupole mass spectrometry (ICP-QMS), directly coupled to field flow fractionation (FFF-ICP-QMS) or operated in single particle mode (spICP-MS) have spearheaded a revolution in nanoanalysis, enabling research into nanomaterial behavior in environmental and biological systems at expected release concentrations. However, the complexity of the nanoparticle population drives a need to characterize and quantify the multi-element composition of nanoparticles, which has begun to be realized through the application of time-of-flight MS (spICP-TOFMS). Despite its relative infancy, this technique has begun to make significant strides in more fully characterizing particulate systems and expanding our understanding of nanoparticle behavior. Though there is still more work to be done with regards to improving instrumentation and data processing, it is possible we are on the cusp of a new nanoanalysis revolution, capable of broadening our understanding of the size regime between dissolved and bulk particulate compartments of the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- M D Montaño
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Western Washington University, Bellingham, WA 98225, United States of America
| | - A J Goodman
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO 80401, United States of America
| | - J F Ranville
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO 80401, United States of America.
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3
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Ren H, Chen H, Kang Y, Liu W, Liu Y, Tao F, Miao S, Zhang Y, Liu Q, Dong M, Liu Y, Liu B, Yang P. Non-fibril amyloid aggregation at the air/water interface: self-adaptive pathway resulting in a 2D Janus nanofilm. Chem Sci 2024; 15:8946-8958. [PMID: 38873054 PMCID: PMC11168098 DOI: 10.1039/d4sc00560k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 04/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024] Open
Abstract
The amyloid states of proteins are implicated in several neurodegenerative diseases and bioadhesion processes. However, the classical amyloid fibrillization mechanism fails to adequately explain the formation of polymorphic aggregates and their adhesion to various surfaces. Herein, we report a non-fibril amyloid aggregation pathway, with disulfide-bond-reduced lysozyme (R-Lyz) as a model protein under quasi-physiological conditions. Very different from classical fibrillization, this pathway begins with the air-water interface (AWI) accelerated oligomerization of unfolded full-length protein, resulting in unique plate-like oligomers with self-adaptive ability, which can adjust their conformations to match various interfaces such as the asymmetric AWI and amyloid-protein film surface. The pathway enables a stepwise packing of the plate-like oligomers into a 2D Janus nanofilm, exhibiting a divergent distribution of hydrophilic/hydrophobic residues on opposite sides of the nanofilm. The resulting Janus nanofilm possesses a top-level Young's modulus (8.3 ± 0.6 GPa) among amyloid-based materials and exhibits adhesive strength two times higher (145 ± 81 kPa) than that of barnacle cement. Furthermore, we found that such an interface-directed pathway exists in several amyloidogenic proteins with a similar self-adaptive 2D-aggregation process, including bovine serum albumin, insulin, fibrinogen, hemoglobin, lactoferrin, and ovalbumin. Thus, our findings on the non-fibril self-adaptive mechanism for amyloid aggregation may shed light on polymorphic amyloid assembly and their adhesions through an alternative pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Ren
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, Xi'an Key Laboratory of Polymeric Soft Matter, International Joint Research Center on Functional Fiber and Soft Smart Textile, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University Xi'an 710119 China
| | - Huan Chen
- First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an 710061 China
| | - Yu Kang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences Changchun 130022 China
| | - Wei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, Xi'an Key Laboratory of Polymeric Soft Matter, International Joint Research Center on Functional Fiber and Soft Smart Textile, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University Xi'an 710119 China
| | - Yongchun Liu
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, Xi'an Key Laboratory of Polymeric Soft Matter, International Joint Research Center on Functional Fiber and Soft Smart Textile, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University Xi'an 710119 China
| | - Fei Tao
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, Xi'an Key Laboratory of Polymeric Soft Matter, International Joint Research Center on Functional Fiber and Soft Smart Textile, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University Xi'an 710119 China
| | - Shuting Miao
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, Xi'an Key Laboratory of Polymeric Soft Matter, International Joint Research Center on Functional Fiber and Soft Smart Textile, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University Xi'an 710119 China
| | - Yingying Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, Xi'an Key Laboratory of Polymeric Soft Matter, International Joint Research Center on Functional Fiber and Soft Smart Textile, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University Xi'an 710119 China
| | - Qian Liu
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO), Aarhus University Aarhus C Denmark
| | - Mingdong Dong
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO), Aarhus University Aarhus C Denmark
| | - Yonggang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences Changchun 130022 China
| | - Bing Liu
- First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an 710061 China
| | - Peng Yang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, Xi'an Key Laboratory of Polymeric Soft Matter, International Joint Research Center on Functional Fiber and Soft Smart Textile, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University Xi'an 710119 China
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4
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Kim YB, Kim J, Williams PS, Moon MH. Comparison of a thickness-tapered channel in flow field-flow fractionation with a conventional channel with flow rate programming. J Chromatogr A 2024; 1724:464927. [PMID: 38677152 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2024.464927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2024] [Revised: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 04/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024]
Abstract
The thickness-tapered channel structure in flow field-flow fractionation (FlFFF), recently introduced by constructing a channel with a linear decrease in thickness along its length, demonstrated effectiveness in steric/hyperlayer separation of supramicron particles with improvements in separation speed, elution recovery, and an expanded dynamic size range of separation. In this study, we conducted a comparative analysis of the performance between the impact of field (or crossflow rate) programming or outflow rate programming for the separation of polystyrene latex standards (50 ∼ 800 nm) with a conventional channel having uniform thickness and a thickness-tapered channel without programming. Outlet flow rate and crossflow rate conditions were also varied. Although the particle size resolution of the tapered channel does not surpass that of field programming in uniform thickness channel, it achieves higher-speed separation without a significant loss of resolution and without the need for a complex flow controller system even at a low outflow rate condition. Furthermore, it yielded an improved resolution for particles close to the steric transition regime (400 ∼ 600 nm) in the normal mode of separation. Due to the continuous increase in mean flow velocity down the channel, the tapered channel exhibits flexibility in separating submicron-sized particles at high crossflow rate conditions or low outflow rate conditions, of which the latter can be advantageous when coupled with mass spectrometry in a miniaturized setup.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Beom Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seoul 03722, South Korea
| | - Jaihoo Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seoul 03722, South Korea
| | - P Stephen Williams
- Cambrian Technologies Inc, 1772 Saratoga Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44109, USA.
| | - Myeong Hee Moon
- Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seoul 03722, South Korea.
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5
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Tsuchiya H, Nakamura N, Ohta S. Centrifugal Field-Flow Fractionation Enables Detection of Slight Aggregation of Nanoparticles That Impacts Their Biomedical Applications. Anal Chem 2024; 96:5976-5984. [PMID: 38587278 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.4c00240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
Nanoparticles (NPs) are anticipated to be used for various biomedical applications in which their aggregation has been an important issue. However, concerns regarding slightly aggregated but apparently monodispersed NPs have been difficult to address because of a lack of appropriate evaluation methods. Here, we report centrifugal field-flow fractionation (CF3) as a powerful method for analyzing the slight aggregation of NPs, using antibody-modified gold NPs (Ab-AuNPs) prepared by a conventional protocol with centrifugal purification as a model. While common evaluation methods such as dynamic light scattering cannot detect significant signs of aggregation, CF3 successfully detects distinct peaks of slightly aggregated NPs, including dimers and trimers. Their impact on biological interactions was also demonstrated by a cellular uptake study: slightly aggregated Ab-AuNPs exhibited 1.8 times higher cellular uptake than monodispersed Ab-AuNPs. These results suggest the importance of aggregate evaluation via CF3 as well as the need for careful attention to the bioconjugation procedures for NPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Tsuchiya
- Department of Chemical System Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Noriko Nakamura
- Institute of Engineering Innovation, The University of Tokyo, 2-11-16 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
- Department of Bioengineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Seiichi Ohta
- Department of Chemical System Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
- Institute of Engineering Innovation, The University of Tokyo, 2-11-16 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
- Department of Bioengineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
- Precursory Research for Embryonic Science and Technology (PRESTO), Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), 4-1-8 Honcho, Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan
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6
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Shiraz M, Imtiaz H, Azam A, Hayat S. Phytogenic nanoparticles: synthesis, characterization, and their roles in physiology and biochemistry of plants. Biometals 2024; 37:23-70. [PMID: 37914858 DOI: 10.1007/s10534-023-00542-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Abstract
Researchers are swarming to nanotechnology because of its potentially game-changing applications in medicine, pharmaceuticals, and agriculture. This fast-growing, cutting-edge technology is trying different approaches for synthesizing nanoparticles of specific sizes and shapes. Nanoparticles (NPs) have been successfully synthesized using physical and chemical processes; there is an urgent demand to establish environmentally acceptable and sustainable ways for their synthesis. The green approach of nanoparticle synthesis has emerged as a simple, economical, sustainable, and eco-friendly method. In particular, phytoassisted plant extract synthesis is easy, reliable, and expeditious. Diverse phytochemicals present in the extract of various plant organs such as root, leaf, and flower are used as a source of reducing as well as stabilizing agents during production. Green synthesis is based on principles like prevention/minimization of waste, reduction of derivatives/pollution, and the use of safer (or non-toxic) solvent/auxiliaries as well as renewable feedstock. Being free of harsh operating conditions (high temperature and pressure), hazardous chemicals and the addition of external stabilizing or capping agents makes the nanoparticles produced using green synthesis methods particularly desirable. Different metallic nanomaterials are produced using phytoassisted synthesis methods, such as silver, zinc, gold, copper, titanium, magnesium, and silicon. Due to significant differences in physical and chemical properties between nanoparticles and their micro/macro counterparts, their characterization becomes essential. Various microscopic and spectroscopic techniques have been employed for conformational details of nanoparticles, like shape, size, dispersity, homogeneity, surface structure, and inter-particle interactions. UV-visible spectroscopy is used to examine the optical properties of NPs in solution. XRD analysis confirms the purity and phase of NPs and provides information about crystal size and symmetry. AFM, SEM, and TEM are employed for analyzing the morphological structure and particle size of NPs. The nature and kind of functional groups or bioactive compounds that might account for the reduction and stabilization of NPs are detected by FTIR analysis. The elemental composition of synthesized NPs is determined using EDS analysis. Nanoparticles synthesized by green methods have broad applications and serve as antibacterial and antifungal agents. Various metal and metal oxide NPs such as Silver (Ag), copper (Cu), gold (Au), silicon dioxide (SiO2), zinc oxide (ZnO), titanium dioxide (TiO2), copper oxide (CuO), etc. have been proven to have a positive effect on plant growth and development. They play a potentially important role in the germination of seeds, plant growth, flowering, photosynthesis, and plant yield. The present review highlights the pathways of phytosynthesis of nanoparticles, various techniques used for their characterization, and their possible roles in the physiology of plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Shiraz
- Department of Botany, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, 202002, India
| | - Havza Imtiaz
- Department of Botany, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, 202002, India
| | - Ameer Azam
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science Islamic Universityof Madinah Al Jamiah, Madinah, 42351, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shamsul Hayat
- Department of Botany, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, 202002, India.
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7
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Song J, Taraban M, Yu YB, Lu L, Biswas PG, Xu W, Xi H, Bhambhani A, Hu G, Su Y. In-situ biophysical characterization of high-concentration protein formulations using wNMR. MAbs 2024; 16:2304624. [PMID: 38299343 PMCID: PMC10841025 DOI: 10.1080/19420862.2024.2304624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/02/2024] Open
Abstract
High-concentration protein formulation is of paramount importance in patient-centric drug product development, but it also presents challenges due to the potential for enhanced aggregation and increased viscosity. The analysis of critical quality attributes often necessitates the transfer of samples from their primary containers together with sample dilution. Therefore, there is a demand for noninvasive, in situ biophysical methods to assess protein drug products directly in primary sterile containers, such as prefilled syringes, without dilution. In this study, we introduce a novel application of water proton nuclear magnetic resonance (wNMR) to evaluate the aggregation propensity of a high-concentration drug product, Dupixent® (dupilumab), under stress conditions. wNMR results demonstrate a concentration-dependent, reversible association of dupilumab in the commercial formulation, as well as irreversible aggregation when exposed to accelerated thermal stress, but gradually reversible aggregation when exposed to freeze and thaw cycles. Importantly, these results show a strong correlation with data obtained from established biophysical analytical tools widely used in the pharmaceutical industry. The application of wNMR represents a promising approach for in situ noninvasive analysis of high-concentration protein formulations directly in their primary containers, providing valuable insights for drug development and quality assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Song
- Analytical Research and Development, Merck & Co., Inc, Rahway, NJ, USA
| | - Marc Taraban
- University of Maryland School of Pharmacy and Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Y. Bruce Yu
- University of Maryland School of Pharmacy and Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Lynn Lu
- Pharmaceutical Sciences and Clinical Supply, Merck & Co., Inc, Rahway, NJ, USA
| | - Pallavi Guha Biswas
- University of Maryland School of Pharmacy and Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Wei Xu
- Analytical Research and Development, Merck & Co., Inc, Rahway, NJ, USA
| | - Hanmi Xi
- Analytical Research and Development, Merck & Co., Inc, Rahway, NJ, USA
| | - Akhilesh Bhambhani
- Pharmaceutical Sciences and Clinical Supply, Merck & Co., Inc, Rahway, NJ, USA
| | - Guangli Hu
- Pharmaceutical Sciences and Clinical Supply, Merck & Co., Inc, Rahway, NJ, USA
| | - Yongchao Su
- Analytical Research and Development, Merck & Co., Inc, Rahway, NJ, USA
- Pharmaceutical Sciences and Clinical Supply, Merck & Co., Inc, Rahway, NJ, USA
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8
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Wiedmer SK, Riekkola ML. Field-flow fractionation - an excellent tool for fractionation, isolation and/or purification of biomacromolecules. J Chromatogr A 2023; 1712:464492. [PMID: 37944435 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2023.464492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
Field-flow fractionation (FFF) with its several variants, has developed into a mature methodology. The scope of the FFF investigations has expanded, covering both a wide range of basic studies and especially a wide range of analytical applications. Special attention of this review is given to the achievements of FFF with reference to recent applications in the fractionation, isolation, and purification of biomacromolecules, and from which especially those of (in alphabetical order) bacteria, cells, extracellular vesicles, liposomes, lipoproteins, nucleic acids, and viruses and virus-like particles. In evaluating the major approaches and trends demonstrated since 2012, the most significant biomacromolecule applications are compiled in tables. It is also evident that asymmetrical flow field-flow fractionation is by far the most dominant technique in the studies. The industry has also shown current interest in FFF and adopted it in some sophisticated fields. FFF, in combination with appropriate detectors, handles biomacromolecules in open channel in a gentle way due to the lack of shear forces and unwanted interactions caused by the stationary phase present in chromatography. In addition, in isolation and purification of biomacromolecules quite high yields can be achieved under optimal conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne K Wiedmer
- Department of Chemistry, POB 55, 00014 University of Helsinki, Finland
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9
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Larson NR, Bou-Assaf GM. Increasing the Resolution of Field-Flow Fractionation with Increasing Crossflow Gradients. Anal Chem 2023; 95:16138-16143. [PMID: 37874938 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c02570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2023]
Abstract
The resolution of flow field-flow fractionation (flow FFF) depends primarily on the crossflow rate and its change over time. In this work, we demonstrate a method for modulation of the crossflow rate during separation that increases the peak-to-peak resolution of the resulting fractograms. In classical FFF methods, the crossflow rate is either maintained constant or decreased during the separation of the different species. In this work, higher resolution between peaks was achieved by a novel gradient method in which the crossflow is increased briefly during separation to allow stronger retention of the later eluting peaks. We first outline the theoretical basis by which improved separation is achieved. We confirm our hypothesis by quantifying the impact of increasing crossflow on the resolution between a monoclonal antibody monomer and its high-molecular-weight aggregate. We then demonstrate that this method is applicable to two different FFF methods (AF4 and HF5) and various pharmaceutically relevant samples (monoclonal antibodies and adeno-associated viruses). Finally, we hypothesize that increasing the force perpendicular to the laminar flow as described here is broadly applicable to all FFF methods and improves the quality of FFF-based separations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas R Larson
- Pharmaceutical Operations & Technology, 225 Binney Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - George M Bou-Assaf
- Pharmaceutical Operations & Technology, 225 Binney Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
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10
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Ivaneev AI, Ermolin MS, Fedotov PS, De Carsalade Du Pont V, Lespes G. Novel zone elution mode in coiled tube field-flow fractionation for online separation and characterization of environmental submicron particles. Anal Bioanal Chem 2023; 415:6363-6373. [PMID: 37606645 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-023-04913-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Revised: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023]
Abstract
Coiled tube field-flow fractionation (CTFFF) is currently applied to environmental and material studies. In the present work, a novel zone elution mode in CTFFF has been proposed and developed. Zone elution mode is based on the separation of particles by stepwise decreasing the flow rate of the carrier fluid and their subsequent elution at a constant flow rate. The fractionation parameters were optimized using a mixture of standard silica submicron particles (150, 390, and 900 nm). Taking samples of volcanic ash as examples, it has been demonstrated that zone elution mode can be successfully used for the fractionation of environmental nano- and submicron particles. For the first time, CTFFF was coupled online with a dynamic light scattering detector for the size characterization of eluted particles. Zone elution in CTFFF can serve for the further development of hyphenated techniques enabling efficient fractionation and size/elemental characterization of environmental particles in nano- and submicrometric size ranges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandr I Ivaneev
- Laboratory of Nanoparticle Geochemistry, Vernadsky Institute of Geochemistry and Analytical Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119991, Russia.
| | - Mikhail S Ermolin
- Laboratory of Nanoparticle Geochemistry, Vernadsky Institute of Geochemistry and Analytical Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119991, Russia.
| | - Petr S Fedotov
- Laboratory of Nanoparticle Geochemistry, Vernadsky Institute of Geochemistry and Analytical Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - Valentin De Carsalade Du Pont
- Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour (UPPA-E2S), Institut des Sciences Analytiques et de Physico-Chimie pour l'Environnement et les matériaux (IPREM), UMR 5254 UPPA/CNRS, 64053, Pau, France
| | - Gaёtane Lespes
- Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour (UPPA-E2S), Institut des Sciences Analytiques et de Physico-Chimie pour l'Environnement et les matériaux (IPREM), UMR 5254 UPPA/CNRS, 64053, Pau, France
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11
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Bauer T, Alberg I, Zengerling LA, Besenius P, Koynov K, Slütter B, Zentel R, Que I, Zhang H, Barz M. Tuning the Cross-Linking Density and Cross-Linker in Core Cross-Linked Polymeric Micelles and Its Effects on the Particle Stability in Human Blood Plasma and Mice. Biomacromolecules 2023; 24:3545-3556. [PMID: 37449781 PMCID: PMC10428167 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.3c00308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Core cross-linked polymeric micelles (CCPMs) are designed to improve the therapeutic profile of hydrophobic drugs, reduce or completely avoid protein corona formation, and offer prolonged circulation times, a prerequisite for passive or active targeting. In this study, we tuned the CCPM stability by using bifunctional or trifunctional cross-linkers and varying the cross-linkable polymer block length. For CCPMs, amphiphilic thiol-reactive polypept(o)ides of polysarcosine-block-poly(S-ethylsulfonyl-l-cysteine) [pSar-b-pCys(SO2Et)] were employed. While the pCys(SO2Et) chain lengths varied from Xn = 17 to 30, bivalent (derivatives of dihydrolipoic acid) and trivalent (sarcosine/cysteine pentapeptide) cross-linkers have been applied. Asymmetrical flow field-flow fraction (AF4) displayed the absence of aggregates in human plasma, yet for non-cross-linked PM and CCPMs cross-linked with dihydrolipoic acid at [pCys(SO2Et)]17, increasing the cross-linking density or the pCys(SO2Et) chain lengths led to stable CCPMs. Interestingly, circulation time and biodistribution in mice of non-cross-linked and bivalently cross-linked CCPMs are comparable, while the trivalent peptide cross-linkers enhance the circulation half-life from 11 to 19 h.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias
A. Bauer
- Leiden
Academic Centre for Drug Research (LACDR), Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Irina Alberg
- Department
of Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University
Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Lydia A. Zengerling
- Department
of Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University
Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Pol Besenius
- Department
of Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University
Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Kaloian Koynov
- Max
Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Bram Slütter
- Leiden
Academic Centre for Drug Research (LACDR), Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Rudolf Zentel
- Department
of Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University
Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Ivo Que
- Translational
Nanobiomaterials and Imaging Group, Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333
ZA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Heyang Zhang
- Leiden
Academic Centre for Drug Research (LACDR), Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Matthias Barz
- Leiden
Academic Centre for Drug Research (LACDR), Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC Leiden, The Netherlands
- Department
of Dermatology, University Medical Center
of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Langenbeckstraße 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany
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12
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Yu S, Tan Z, Lai Y, Li Q, Liu J. Nanoparticulate pollutants in the environment: Analytical methods, formation, and transformation. ECO-ENVIRONMENT & HEALTH 2023; 2:61-73. [PMID: 38075291 PMCID: PMC10702925 DOI: 10.1016/j.eehl.2023.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
The wide application of nanomaterials and plastic products generates a substantial number of nanoparticulate pollutants in the environment. Nanoparticulate pollutants are quite different from their bulk counterparts because of their unique physicochemical properties, which may pose a threat to environmental organisms and human beings. To accurately predict the environmental risks of nanoparticulate pollutants, great efforts have been devoted to developing reliable methods to define their occurrence and track their fate and transformation in the environment. Herein, we summarized representative studies on the preconcentration, separation, formation, and transformation of nanoparticulate pollutants in environmental samples. Finally, some perspectives on future research directions are proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sujuan Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zhiqiang Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yujian Lai
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Qingcun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jingfu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
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13
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Choudhury A, Simnani FZ, Singh D, Patel P, Sinha A, Nandi A, Ghosh A, Saha U, Kumari K, Jaganathan SK, Kaushik NK, Panda PK, Suar M, Verma SK. Atmospheric microplastic and nanoplastic: The toxicological paradigm on the cellular system. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2023; 259:115018. [PMID: 37216859 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.115018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Revised: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The increasing demand for plastic in our daily lives has led to global plastic pollution. The improper disposal of plastic has resulted in a massive amount of atmospheric microplastics (MPs), which has further resulted in the production of atmospheric nanoplastics (NPs). Because of its intimate relationship with the environment and human health, microplastic and nanoplastic contamination is becoming a problem. Because microplastics and nanoplastics are microscopic and light, they may penetrate deep into the human lungs. Despite several studies demonstrating the abundance of microplastics and nanoplastics in the air, the potential risks of atmospheric microplastics and nanoplastics remain unknown. Because of its small size, atmospheric nanoplastic characterization has presented significant challenges. This paper describes sampling and characterization procedures for atmospheric microplastics and nanoplastics. This study also examines the numerous harmful effects of plastic particles on human health and other species. There is a significant void in research on the toxicity of airborne microplastics and nanoplastics upon inhalation, which has significant toxicological potential in the future. Further study is needed to determine the influence of microplastic and nanoplastic on pulmonary diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anmol Choudhury
- KIIT School of Biotechnology, KIIT University, Bhubaneswar 751024, Odisha, India
| | | | - Dibyangshee Singh
- KIIT School of Biotechnology, KIIT University, Bhubaneswar 751024, Odisha, India
| | - Paritosh Patel
- KIIT School of Biotechnology, KIIT University, Bhubaneswar 751024, Odisha, India; Plasma Bioscience Research Center, Department of Electrical and Biological Physics, Kwangwoon University, 01897 Seoul, South Korea
| | - Adrija Sinha
- KIIT School of Biotechnology, KIIT University, Bhubaneswar 751024, Odisha, India
| | - Aditya Nandi
- KIIT School of Biotechnology, KIIT University, Bhubaneswar 751024, Odisha, India
| | - Aishee Ghosh
- KIIT School of Biotechnology, KIIT University, Bhubaneswar 751024, Odisha, India
| | - Utsa Saha
- KIIT School of Biotechnology, KIIT University, Bhubaneswar 751024, Odisha, India
| | - Khushbu Kumari
- KIIT School of Biotechnology, KIIT University, Bhubaneswar 751024, Odisha, India
| | - Saravana Kumar Jaganathan
- School of Engineering, College of Science, University of Lincoln, Brayford Pool, Lincoln LN6 7TS, UK
| | - Nagendra Kumar Kaushik
- Plasma Bioscience Research Center, Department of Electrical and Biological Physics, Kwangwoon University, 01897 Seoul, South Korea
| | - Pritam Kumar Panda
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, Box 516, SE-75120 Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Mrutyunjay Suar
- KIIT School of Biotechnology, KIIT University, Bhubaneswar 751024, Odisha, India.
| | - Suresh K Verma
- KIIT School of Biotechnology, KIIT University, Bhubaneswar 751024, Odisha, India.
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14
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Mayer DB, Braun D, Franosch T. Thermophoretic motion of a charged single colloidal particle. Phys Rev E 2023; 107:044602. [PMID: 37198806 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.107.044602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
We calculate the thermophoretic drift of a charged single colloidal particle with hydrodynamically slipping surface immersed in an electrolyte solution in response to a small temperature gradient. Here we rely on a linearized hydrodynamic approach for the fluid flow and the motion of the electrolyte ions while keeping the full nonlinearity of the Poisson-Boltzmann equation of the unperturbed system to account for possible large surface charging. The partial differential equations are transformed into a coupled set of ordinary differential equations in linear response. Numerical solutions are elaborated for parameter regimes of small and large Debye shielding and different hydrodynamic boundary conditions encoded in a varying slip length. Our results are in good agreement with predictions from recent theoretical work and successfully describe experimental observations on thermophoresis of DNA. We also compare our numerical results with experimental data on polystyrene beads.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel B Mayer
- Institut für Theoretische Physik, Universität Innsbruck, Technikerstraße 21A, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Dieter Braun
- Systems Biophysics, Physics Department, Nanosystems Initiative Munich and Center for NanoScience, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Amalienstrasse 54, D-80799 München, Germany
| | - Thomas Franosch
- Institut für Theoretische Physik, Universität Innsbruck, Technikerstraße 21A, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
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15
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Tan Z, Zhao W, Yin Y, Xu M, Pan W, Liu Y, Zhang Q, Gale BK, Rui Y, Liu J. Insight into the formation and biological effects of natural organic matter corona on silver nanoparticles in water environment using biased cyclical electrical field-flow fractionation. WATER RESEARCH 2023; 228:119355. [PMID: 36423551 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2022.119355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Revised: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Natural organic matter (NOM) readily interacts with nanoparticles, leading to the formation of NOM corona structures on their surface. NOM corona formation is closely related to the surface coatings and bioavailability of nanoparticles. However, the mechanism underlying NOM corona formation on silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) remains largely unknown due to the lack of effective analytical methods for identifying the changes in the AgNP surface. Herein, the separation ability of biased cyclical electrical field-flow fractionation (BCyElFFF) for same-sized polyvinyl pyrrolidone-coated and poly(ethylene glycol)-coated silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) with different electrophoretic mobilities was evaluated under various electrical conditions. Then, the mechanism behind the NOM corona formation on these AgNP surfaces was elucidated based on the changes in the elution time and off-line characterization of the collected fractions during their elution time in a BCyElFFF run. Finally, the survival rates of E. coli exposed to polyvinyl pyrrolidone-coated and poly(ethylene glycol)-coated AgNPs with or without NOM collected during repeated BCyElFFF runs were observed to increase with increasing NOM concentration, clearly demonstrating the negative effect of NOM corona structures on the bioavailability of AgNPs. These findings highlight the powerful separation and isolation ability of BCyElFFF in studying the transformation and fate of nanoparticles in aqueous environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqiang Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; School of Environment, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310024, China.
| | - Weichen Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Farmland Soil Pollution Prevention and Remediation, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yongguang Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; School of Environment, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310024, China
| | - Ming Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; School of Environment, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310024, China
| | - Wenxiao Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Yanwanjing Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; School of Environment, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310024, China
| | - Qinghua Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; School of Environment, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310024, China
| | - Bruce K Gale
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City 84112, United States
| | - Yukui Rui
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Farmland Soil Pollution Prevention and Remediation, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jingfu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; School of Environment, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310024, China.
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16
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Advancement and obstacles in microfluidics-based isolation of extracellular vesicles. Anal Bioanal Chem 2023; 415:1265-1285. [PMID: 36284018 PMCID: PMC9928917 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-022-04362-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Revised: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
There is a great need for techniques which enable reproducible separation of extracellular vesicles (EVs) from biofluids with high recovery, purity and throughput. The development of new techniques for isolation of EVs from minute sample volumes is instrumental in enabling EV-based biomarker profiling in large biobank cohorts and paves the way to improved diagnostic profiles in precision medicine. Recent advances in microfluidics-based devices offer a toolbox for separating EVs from small sample volumes. Microfluidic devices that have been used in EV isolation utilise different fundamental principles and rely largely on benefits of scaling laws as the biofluid processing is miniaturised to chip level. Here, we review the progress in the practicality and performance of both passive devices (such as mechanical filtering and hydrodynamic focusing) and active devices (using magnetic, electric or acoustic fields). As it stands, many microfluidic devices isolate intact EV populations at higher purities than centrifugation, precipitation or size-exclusion chromatography. However, this comes at a cost. We address challenges (in particular low throughput, clogging risks and ability to process biofluids) and highlight the need for more improvements in microfluidic devices. Finally, we conclude that there is a need to refine and standardise these lab-on-a-chip techniques to meet the growing interest in the diagnostic and therapeutic value of purified EVs.
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17
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Razavi Bazaz S, Mihandust A, Salomon R, Joushani HAN, Li W, A Amiri H, Mirakhorli F, Zhand S, Shrestha J, Miansari M, Thierry B, Jin D, Ebrahimi Warkiani M. Zigzag microchannel for rigid inertial separation and enrichment (Z-RISE) of cells and particles. LAB ON A CHIP 2022; 22:4093-4109. [PMID: 36102894 DOI: 10.1039/d2lc00290f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Separation and enrichment of target cells prior to downstream analyses is an essential pre-treatment step in many biomedical and clinical assays. Separation techniques utilizing simple, cost-effective, and user-friendly devices are highly desirable, both in the lab and at the point of need. Passive microfluidic approaches, especially inertial microfluidics, fit this brief perfectly and are highly desired. Using an optimized additive manufacturing technique, we developed a zigzag microchannel for rigid inertial separation and enrichment, hereafter referred to as Z-RISE. We empirically showed that the Z-RISE device outperforms equivalent devices based on curvilinear (sinusoidal), asymmetric curvilinear, zigzag with round corners, or square-wave formats and modelled this behavior to gain a better understanding of the physics underpinning the improved focusing and separation performance. The comparison between rigid and soft zigzag microchannels reveals that channel rigidity significantly affects and enhances the focusing performance of the microchannel. Compared to other serpentine microchannels, zigzag microfluidics demonstrates superior separation and purity efficiency due to the sudden channel cross-section expansion at the corners. Within Z-RISE, particles are aligned in either double-side or single-line focusing positions. The transition of particles from a double-focusing line to a single focusing line introduced a new phenomenon referred to as the plus focusing position. We experimentally demonstrated that Z-RISE could enrich leukocytes and their subtypes from diluted and RBC lysed blood while depleting dead cells, debris, and RBCs. Z-RISE was also shown to yield outstanding particle or cell concentration with a concentration efficiency of more than 99.99%. Our data support the great potential of Z-RISE for applications that involve particle and cell manipulations and pave the way for commercialization perspective in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sajad Razavi Bazaz
- School of Biomedical Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia.
- Institute for Biomedical Materials & Devices (IBMD), Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Asma Mihandust
- School of Biomedical Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia.
| | - Robert Salomon
- Institute for Biomedical Materials & Devices (IBMD), Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia
- Children's Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Centre, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, NSW, Australia
| | | | - Wenyan Li
- Children's Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Centre, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, NSW, Australia
| | - Hoseyn A Amiri
- Micro+Nanosystems & Applied Biophysics Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Babol Noshirvani University of Technology, P.O. Box 484, Babol 47148-71167, Iran
- Department of Cancer Medicine, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, Isar 11, Babol 47138-18983, Iran
| | - Fateme Mirakhorli
- School of Biomedical Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia.
| | - Sareh Zhand
- School of Biomedical Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia.
- Institute for Biomedical Materials & Devices (IBMD), Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Jesus Shrestha
- School of Biomedical Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia.
| | - Morteza Miansari
- Micro+Nanosystems & Applied Biophysics Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Babol Noshirvani University of Technology, P.O. Box 484, Babol 47148-71167, Iran
- Department of Cancer Medicine, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, Isar 11, Babol 47138-18983, Iran
| | - Benjamin Thierry
- Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes Campus, Adelaide, SA, 5095 Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, Parkville, Victoria, 3052 Australia
| | - Dayong Jin
- Institute for Biomedical Materials & Devices (IBMD), Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Majid Ebrahimi Warkiani
- School of Biomedical Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia.
- Institute for Biomedical Materials & Devices (IBMD), Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia
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18
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Ko M, Choi HJ, Kim JY, Kim IH, Kim SO, Moon MH. Optimization for size separation of graphene oxide sheets by flow/hyperlayer field-flow fractionation. J Chromatogr A 2022; 1681:463475. [PMID: 36088778 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2022.463475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Revised: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
Graphene oxide (GO)-a chemical derivative of graphene with numerous oxygen functional groups on its surface-has attracted considerable interest because of its intriguing properties in relation to those of pristine graphene. In addition to the inherent wide lateral size distribution of GO sheets arising from the typical oxidative exfoliation of graphite, control of the lateral size of GO is critical for desired GO-based applications. Herein, flow/hyperlayer field-flow fractionation (flow/hyperlayer FFF) is optimized to separate GO sheets by lateral dimensions. Optimized fractionation is achieved by investigating the influences of carrier solvent, channel thickness, and flow rate conditions on the steric/hyperlayer separation of GO sheets by flow FFF. Due to the strong hydrodynamic lift forces of extremely thin GO sheets, a thick flow FFF channel (w = 350 μm) and a very low field strength are required to retain the GO sheets within the channel. GO sheets with narrow size fractions are successfully collected from two different graphite sources during flow/hyperlayer FFF runs and are examined to verify the size evolution. Considering the average lateral diameter of the GO fraction calculated on the basis of the assumption of a circular disk shape, the retention of the GO sheets is 2.2-5.0 times faster than that of spherical particles of the same diameter. This study demonstrates that through flow/hyperlayer FFF, the size distribution of GO sheets can be determined and narrow size fractions can be collected (which is desirable for GO-based applications), which are commonly influenced by the GO lateral dimension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myoungjae Ko
- Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Jae Choi
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, KAIST, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Yong Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - In Ho Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, KAIST, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Ouk Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, KAIST, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Myeong Hee Moon
- Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea.
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19
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Shin SY, Seo JW, Kim JY, Williams PS, Moon MH. Flow Field-Flow Fractionation with a Thickness-Tapered Channel. Anal Chem 2022; 94:14460-14466. [PMID: 36194886 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c03503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
This study introduces the thickness-tapered channel design for flow field-flow fractionation (FlFFF) for the first time. In this design, the channel thickness linearly decreases along the channel axis such that the flow velocity increases down the channel. Channel thickness is an important variable for controlling retention time and resolution in field-flow fractionation. Especially, in the steric/hyperlayer mode of FlFFF, in which particles (>1 μm) migrate at elevated heights above the channel wall owing to hydrodynamic lift forces, the migration of long-retaining smaller-sized particles can be enhanced in a relatively thin channel or by increasing the migration flow rate; however, an upper size limit that can be resolved is simultaneously sacrificed. A thickness-tapered channel was constructed without a channel spacer by carving the surface of a channel block such that the channel inlet was deeper than the outlet (w = 400 → 200 μm). The performance of a thickness-tapered channel was evaluated using polystyrene standards and compared to that of a channel of uniform thickness (w = 300 μm) with a similar effective channel volume in terms of sample recovery, dynamic size range of separation, and steric transition under different flow rate conditions. The thickness-tapered channel can be an alternative to maintain the resolving power for particles with an upper large-diameter limit, faster separation of particles with a lower limit, and higher elution recovery without implementing the additional field-programming option.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung Yeon Shin
- Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seoul03722, South Korea
| | - Jae Won Seo
- Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seoul03722, South Korea
| | - Jin Yong Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seoul03722, South Korea
| | | | - Myeong Hee Moon
- Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seoul03722, South Korea
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20
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van der Put RMF, Spies A, Metz B, Some D, Scherrers R, Pieters R, Danial M. Validation of an FFF-MALS Method to Characterize the Production and Functionalization of Outer-Membrane Vesicles for Conjugate Vaccines. Anal Chem 2022; 94:12033-12041. [PMID: 36007249 PMCID: PMC9453738 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c01590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
With the ongoing development of conjugate vaccines battling infectious diseases, there is a need for novel carriers. Although tetanus toxoid and CRM197 belong to the traditional carrier proteins, outer-membrane vesicles (OMVs) are an excellent alternative: in addition to their size, OMVs have self-adjuvanting properties due to the presence of genetically detoxified lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and are therefore ideal as a vaccine component or antigen carrier. An essential aspect of their development for vaccine products is characterization of OMVs with respect to size and purity. We report on the development of a field-flow fractionation multiangle light-scattering (FFF-MALS) method for such characterization. Here, we introduced NIST-traceable particle-size standards and BSA as a model protein to verify the precision of the size and purity analysis of the OMVs. We executed a validation program according to the principles provided in the ICH Guidelines Q2 (R1) to assess the quality attributes of the results obtained by FFF-MALS analysis. All validation characteristics showed excellent results with coefficients of variation between 0.4 and 7.32%. Estimation of limits of detection for hydrodynamic radius and particle concentration revealed that as little as 1 μg OMV still yielded accurate results. With the validated method, we further characterized a full downstream purification process of our proprietary OMV. This was followed by the evaluation of other purified OMVs from different bacterial origin. Finally, functionalizing OMVs with N-γ-(maleimidobutyryl)oxysuccinimide-ester (GMBS), generating ready-to-conjugate OMVs, did not affect the structural integrity of the OMVs and as such, they could be evaluated with the validated FFF-MALS method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert M F van der Put
- Department of Chemical Biology & Drug Discovery, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, P.O. Box 80082, NL-3508 TB Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Intravacc, P.O. Box 450, 3720 AL Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Arnoud Spies
- Intravacc, P.O. Box 450, 3720 AL Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Bernard Metz
- Intravacc, P.O. Box 450, 3720 AL Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Daniel Some
- Wyatt Technology Corp., Santa Barbara, California 93117, United States
| | | | - Roland Pieters
- Department of Chemical Biology & Drug Discovery, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, P.O. Box 80082, NL-3508 TB Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Maarten Danial
- Intravacc, P.O. Box 450, 3720 AL Bilthoven, The Netherlands
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21
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Abstract
Advances in microfabrication enable the tailoring of surfaces to achieve optimal sorting, mixing, and focusing of complex particulate suspensions in microfluidic devices. Corrugated surfaces have proved to be a powerful tool to manipulate particle motion for a variety of applications, yet the fundamental physical mechanism underlying the hydrodynamic coupling of the suspended particles and surface topography has remained elusive. Here, we study the hydrodynamic interactions between sedimenting spherical particles and nearby corrugated surfaces, whose corrugations are tilted with respect to gravity. Our experiments show three-dimensional, helical particle trajectories with an overall drift along the corrugations, which agree quantitatively with our analytical perturbation theory. The theoretical predictions reveal that the interaction of the disturbance flows, induced by the particle motion, with the corrugations generates locally a transverse anisotropy of the pressure field, which explains the helical dynamics and particle drift. We demonstrate that this dynamical behavior is generic for various surface shapes, including rectangular, sinusoidal, and triangular corrugations, and we identify surface characteristics that produce an optimal particle drift. Our findings reveal a universal feature inherent to particle transport near patterned surfaces and provide fundamental insights for future microfluidic applications that aim to enhance the focusing or sorting of particulate suspensions.
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22
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Chen X, Tian Y, Zhang J, Li Y, Zhang W, Zhang J, Dou Y, Dou H. Study on effects of preparation method on the structure and antioxidant activity of protein-Tremella fuciformis polysaccharide complexes by asymmetrical flow field-flow fractionation. Food Chem 2022; 384:132619. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.132619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 01/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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23
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Farasat M, Aalaei E, Kheirati Ronizi S, Bakhshi A, Mirhosseini S, Zhang J, Nguyen NT, Kashaninejad N. Signal-Based Methods in Dielectrophoresis for Cell and Particle Separation. BIOSENSORS 2022; 12:510. [PMID: 35884313 PMCID: PMC9313092 DOI: 10.3390/bios12070510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Revised: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Separation and detection of cells and particles in a suspension are essential for various applications, including biomedical investigations and clinical diagnostics. Microfluidics realizes the miniaturization of analytical devices by controlling the motion of a small volume of fluids in microchannels and microchambers. Accordingly, microfluidic devices have been widely used in particle/cell manipulation processes. Different microfluidic methods for particle separation include dielectrophoretic, magnetic, optical, acoustic, hydrodynamic, and chemical techniques. Dielectrophoresis (DEP) is a method for manipulating polarizable particles' trajectories in non-uniform electric fields using unique dielectric characteristics. It provides several advantages for dealing with neutral bioparticles owing to its sensitivity, selectivity, and noninvasive nature. This review provides a detailed study on the signal-based DEP methods that use the applied signal parameters, including frequency, amplitude, phase, and shape for cell/particle separation and manipulation. Rather than employing complex channels or time-consuming fabrication procedures, these methods realize sorting and detecting the cells/particles by modifying the signal parameters while using a relatively simple device. In addition, these methods can significantly impact clinical diagnostics by making low-cost and rapid separation possible. We conclude the review by discussing the technical and biological challenges of DEP techniques and providing future perspectives in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malihe Farasat
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, College of Engineering, Tehran University, Tehran 14399-57131, Iran; (M.F.); (A.B.); (S.M.)
| | - Ehsan Aalaei
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Shiraz University, Shiraz 71936-16548, Iran; (E.A.); (S.K.R.)
| | - Saeed Kheirati Ronizi
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Shiraz University, Shiraz 71936-16548, Iran; (E.A.); (S.K.R.)
| | - Atin Bakhshi
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, College of Engineering, Tehran University, Tehran 14399-57131, Iran; (M.F.); (A.B.); (S.M.)
| | - Shaghayegh Mirhosseini
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, College of Engineering, Tehran University, Tehran 14399-57131, Iran; (M.F.); (A.B.); (S.M.)
| | - Jun Zhang
- Queensland Micro-Nanotechnology Centre, Griffith University, Nathan, QLD 4111, Australia; (J.Z.); (N.-T.N.)
| | - Nam-Trung Nguyen
- Queensland Micro-Nanotechnology Centre, Griffith University, Nathan, QLD 4111, Australia; (J.Z.); (N.-T.N.)
| | - Navid Kashaninejad
- Queensland Micro-Nanotechnology Centre, Griffith University, Nathan, QLD 4111, Australia; (J.Z.); (N.-T.N.)
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Choi HJ, Ko M, Kim IH, Yu H, Kim JY, Yun T, Yang JS, Yang GG, Jeong HS, Moon MH, Kim SO. Wide-Range Size Fractionation of Graphene Oxide by Flow Field-Flow Fractionation. ACS NANO 2022; 16:9172-9182. [PMID: 35679534 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c01402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Many interesting properties of 2D materials and their assembled structures are strongly dependent on the lateral size and size distribution of 2D materials. Accordingly, effective size separation of polydisperse 2D sheets is critical for desirable applications. Here, we introduce flow field-flow fractionation (FlFFF) for a wide-range size fractionation of graphene oxide (GO) up to 100 μm. Two different separation mechanisms are identified for FlFFF, including normal mode and steric/hyperlayer mode, to size fractionate wide size-distributed GOs while employing a crossflow field for either diffusion or size-controlled migration of GO. Obviously, the 2D GO sheet reveals size separation behavior distinctive from typical spherical particles arising from its innate planar geometry. We also investigate 2D sheet size-dependent mechanical and electrical properties of three different graphene fibers produced from size-fractionated GOs. This FlFFF-based size selection methodology can be used as a generic approach for effective wide-range size separation for 2D materials, including rGO, TMDs, and MXene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hee Jae Choi
- National Creative Research Initiative Center for Multi-Dimensional Directed Nanoscale Assembly, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Myoungjae Ko
- Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - In Ho Kim
- National Creative Research Initiative Center for Multi-Dimensional Directed Nanoscale Assembly, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Hayoung Yu
- Institute of Advanced Composite Materials, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Jeonrabuk-do 55324, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Yong Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Taeyeong Yun
- National Creative Research Initiative Center for Multi-Dimensional Directed Nanoscale Assembly, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Joon Seon Yang
- Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Geon Gug Yang
- National Creative Research Initiative Center for Multi-Dimensional Directed Nanoscale Assembly, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeon Su Jeong
- Institute of Advanced Composite Materials, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Jeonrabuk-do 55324, Republic of Korea
| | - Myeong Hee Moon
- Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Ouk Kim
- National Creative Research Initiative Center for Multi-Dimensional Directed Nanoscale Assembly, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
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25
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Kim YB, Lee GB, Moon MH. Size Separation of Exosomes and Microvesicles Using Flow Field-Flow Fractionation/Multiangle Light Scattering and Lipidomic Comparison. Anal Chem 2022; 94:8958-8965. [PMID: 35694825 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c00806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are cell-derived membrane-bound particles, including exosomes and microvesicles that differ in cellular origin, content, and lipid composition. This study reports that exosomes and microvesicles can be simultaneously separated by size using flow field-flow fractionation (FlFFF) employed with field programming and that the detection of low-concentration EV species can be significantly improved using multiangle light scattering (MALS). The efficiency of ultracentrifugation (UC) and ultrafiltration (UF) in isolating EVs from the culture media of DU145 cells was compared, and the results showed that UF retrieves more EVs than UC. Two size fractions (small and large) of both exosomes and microvesicles were collected during the FlFFF runs and examined using Western blotting to confirm each EV, and transmission electron microscopy was performed for size analysis. Sizes were compared using the root-mean-square radius obtained from the MALS calculation. The collected fractions were further examined using nanoflow ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry for the size-dependent lipidomic profiles of exosomes and microvesicles, showing that lipids were more enriched in the fraction containing large exosomes than in that containing small exosomes; however, an opposite trend was observed with microvesicles. The present study demonstrated that UF followed by FlFFF-MALS can be utilized for the size separation of exosomes and microvesicles without sequential centrifugation, which is useful for monitoring the changes in the size distribution of EVs depending on the biological status along with generating size-dependent lipidomic profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Beom Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seoul 03722, South Korea
| | - Gwang Bin Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seoul 03722, South Korea
| | - Myeong Hee Moon
- Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seoul 03722, South Korea
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26
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Rauschendorfer RJ, Whitham KM, Summer S, Patrick SA, Pierce AE, Sefi-Cyr H, Tadjiki S, Kraft MD, Emory SR, Rider DA, Montaño MD. Development and Application of Nanoparticle-Nanopolymer Composite Spheres for the Study of Environmental Processes. FRONTIERS IN TOXICOLOGY 2022; 3:752296. [PMID: 35295116 PMCID: PMC8915914 DOI: 10.3389/ftox.2021.752296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Plastics have long been an environmental contaminant of concern as both large-scale plastic debris and as micro- and nano-plastics with demonstrated wide-scale ubiquity. Research in the past decade has focused on the potential toxicological risks posed by microplastics, as well as their unique fate and transport brought on by their colloidal nature. These efforts have been slowed by the lack of analytical techniques with sufficient sensitivity and selectivity to adequately detect and characterize these contaminants in environmental and biological matrices. To improve analytical analyses, microplastic tracers are developed with recognizable isotopic, metallic, or fluorescent signatures capable of being identified amidst a complex background. Here we describe the synthesis, characterization, and application of a novel synthetic copolymer nanoplastic based on polystyrene (PS) and poly(2-vinylpyridine) (P2VP) intercalated with gold, platinum or palladium nanoparticles that can be capped with different polymeric shells meant to mimic the intended microplastic. In this work, particles with PS and polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) shells are used to examine the behavior of microplastic particles in estuarine sediment and coastal waters. The micro- and nanoplastic tracers, with sizes between 300 and 500 nm in diameter, were characterized using multiple physical, chemical, and colloidal analysis techniques. The metallic signatures of the tracers allow for quantification by both bulk and single-particle inductively-coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS and spICP-MS, respectively). As a demonstration of environmental applicability, the tracers were equilibrated with sediment collected from Bellingham Bay, WA, United States to determine the degree to which microplastics bind and sink in an estuary based of grain size and organic carbon parameters. In these experiments, between 80 and 95% of particles were found to associate with the sediment, demonstrative of estuaries being a major anticipated sink for these contaminants. These materials show considerable promise in their versatility, potential for multiplexing, and utility in studying micro- and nano-plastic transport in real-world environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert J Rauschendorfer
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Western Washington University, Bellingham, WA, United States
| | - Kyle M Whitham
- Department of Chemistry, Western Washington University, Bellingham, WA, United States
| | - Star Summer
- Department of Chemistry, Western Washington University, Bellingham, WA, United States
| | - Samantha A Patrick
- Department of Chemistry, Western Washington University, Bellingham, WA, United States
| | - Aliandra E Pierce
- Department of Chemistry, Western Washington University, Bellingham, WA, United States
| | - Haley Sefi-Cyr
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Western Washington University, Bellingham, WA, United States
| | - Soheyl Tadjiki
- Postnova Analytics Inc., Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - Michael D Kraft
- Scientific Technical Services, Western Washington University, Bellingham, WA, United States
| | - Steven R Emory
- Department of Chemistry, Western Washington University, Bellingham, WA, United States
| | - David A Rider
- Department of Chemistry, Western Washington University, Bellingham, WA, United States.,Department of Engineering and Design, Western Washington University, Bellingham, WA, United States
| | - Manuel D Montaño
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Western Washington University, Bellingham, WA, United States
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27
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Shim S. Diffusiophoresis, Diffusioosmosis, and Microfluidics: Surface-Flow-Driven Phenomena in the Presence of Flow. Chem Rev 2022; 122:6986-7009. [PMID: 35285634 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Diffusiophoresis is the spontaneous motion of particles under a concentration gradient of solutes. Since the first recognition by Derjaguin and colleagues in 1947 in the form of capillary osmosis, the phenomenon has been broadly investigated theoretically and experimentally. Early studies were mostly theoretical and were largely interested in surface coating applications, which considered the directional transport of coating particles. In the past decade, advances in microfluidics enabled controlled demonstrations of diffusiophoresis of micro- and nanoparticles. The electrokinetic nature and the typical scales of interest of the phenomenon motivated various experimental studies using simple microfluidic configurations. In this review, I will discuss studies that report diffusiophoresis in microfluidic systems, with the focus on the fundamental aspects of the reported results. In particular, parameters and influences of diffusiophoresis and diffusioosmosis in microfluidic systems and their combinations are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suin Shim
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
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28
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Berger S, Berger M, Bantz C, Maskos M, Wagner E. Performance of nanoparticles for biomedical applications: The in vitro/ in vivo discrepancy. BIOPHYSICS REVIEWS 2022; 3:011303. [PMID: 38505225 PMCID: PMC10903387 DOI: 10.1063/5.0073494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
Nanomedicine has a great potential to revolutionize the therapeutic landscape. However, up-to-date results obtained from in vitro experiments predict the in vivo performance of nanoparticles weakly or not at all. There is a need for in vitro experiments that better resemble the in vivo reality. As a result, animal experiments can be reduced, and potent in vivo candidates will not be missed. It is important to gain a deeper knowledge about nanoparticle characteristics in physiological environment. In this context, the protein corona plays a crucial role. Its formation process including driving forces, kinetics, and influencing factors has to be explored in more detail. There exist different methods for the investigation of the protein corona and its impact on physico-chemical and biological properties of nanoparticles, which are compiled and critically reflected in this review article. The obtained information about the protein corona can be exploited to optimize nanoparticles for in vivo application. Still the translation from in vitro to in vivo remains challenging. Functional in vitro screening under physiological conditions such as in full serum, in 3D multicellular spheroids/organoids, or under flow conditions is recommended. Innovative in vivo screening using barcoded nanoparticles can simultaneously test more than hundred samples regarding biodistribution and functional delivery within a single mouse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Berger
- Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Department of Pharmacy, Ludwig–Maximilians-Universität (LMU) Munich, Butenandtstr. 5-13, D-81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Martin Berger
- Department of Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Christoph Bantz
- Fraunhofer Institute for Microengineering and Microsystems IMM, Carl-Zeiss-Str. 18-20, D-55129 Mainz, Germany
| | | | - Ernst Wagner
- Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Department of Pharmacy, Ludwig–Maximilians-Universität (LMU) Munich, Butenandtstr. 5-13, D-81377 Munich, Germany
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29
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Wang D, Zhang J, Cao R, Zhang Y, Li J. The detection and characterization techniques for the interaction between graphene oxide and natural colloids: A review. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 808:151906. [PMID: 34838546 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.151906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Revised: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The high dispersibility of graphene oxide (GO) and the universality of natural colloids (clay minerals, (hydr)oxides of Al, Fe, silica, etc.) make them interact easily. Many kinds of analytical methods have been used to study the interaction between GO and natural colloids. This review provides a comprehensive overview of analytical methods for the detection and quantification of interaction process. We highlighted the influence of the most relevant environmental factors (ionic strength, pH, etc.) on batch experiment, quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation monitoring measurements, and column experiments. Besides, the benefits and drawbacks of spectroscopic, microscopic techniques, theoretical models, calculation and time-resolved dynamic light scattering methods also have discussed in this work. This review can give some guidance to researchers in their selection and combination of the technique for the research of the interaction between GO and natural colloids.
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Affiliation(s)
- De Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Photovoltaic and Energy Conservation Materials, Institute of Plasma Physics, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, PR China; University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, PR China
| | - Jianfeng Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Photovoltaic and Energy Conservation Materials, Institute of Plasma Physics, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, PR China; University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, PR China
| | - Ruya Cao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Photovoltaic and Energy Conservation Materials, Institute of Plasma Physics, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, PR China; University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, PR China
| | - Yingzi Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Photovoltaic and Energy Conservation Materials, Institute of Plasma Physics, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, PR China; University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, PR China
| | - Jiaxing Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Photovoltaic and Energy Conservation Materials, Institute of Plasma Physics, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, PR China; University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, PR China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, PR China.
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30
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Luo D, Zhao C, Xue G, Cao Z, Oztekin A, Cheng X. Label-free focusing of viral particles under a temperature gradient coupled with continuous swirling flow. RSC Adv 2022; 12:4263-4275. [PMID: 35425424 PMCID: PMC8981173 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra09462a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The advances of biomedicine and biotechnology demand new approaches to enrich biological nanoparticles, such as viruses, viral vectors and nanovesicles, in an easy-to-operate fashion. Conventional methods, such as ultracentrifugation and ultrafiltration, require bulky instruments and extensive manual operation. Inspired by recent research of thermophoresis of biomolecules and bio-nanoparticles in aqueous solutions, we present a microfluidic design that directly focuses nanoparticles in a label-free and flow-through process by coupling an engineered swirling flow and a moderate, one-dimensional temperature gradient. Enrichment of polystyrene particles, HIV and bacteriophage samples was quantitatively determined, indicating the compatibility of the microfluidic approach with synthetic and biological samples. The focusing results are well predicted using a numerical model. As thermophoresis is ubiquitous, the microfluidic approach can be applied broadly to bio-nanoparticle enrichment without the necessity of labeling, buffer exchange, or sheath fluids, permitting continuous retrieval of concentrated species in a simple, controlled flow with little infrastructure needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danli Luo
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Lehigh University Bethlehem PA 18015 USA
| | - Chao Zhao
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Lehigh University Bethlehem PA 18015 USA
| | - Guanyang Xue
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Mechanics, Lehigh University Bethlehem PA 18015 USA
| | - Zhibo Cao
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Lehigh University Bethlehem PA 18015 USA
| | - Alparslan Oztekin
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Mechanics, Lehigh University Bethlehem PA 18015 USA
| | - Xuanhong Cheng
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Lehigh University Bethlehem PA 18015 USA
- Department of Bioengineering, Lehigh University Bethlehem PA 18015 USA
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31
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Karmakar R, Chakrabarti J. A long-range order in a thermally driven system with temperature-dependent interactions. SOFT MATTER 2022; 18:867-876. [PMID: 35001096 DOI: 10.1039/d1sm01379c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Aggregation of macro-molecules under an external force is far from being understood. An important driving situation is achieved by temperature difference. Inter-particle interactions in metallic nanoparticles with ligand capping are reported to be sensitive to temperature and the zeta potential of the particles being reduced in the cold region. Such particles form aggregates in the cold region of the system in the presence of temperature difference. Here we study the aggregation of particles in the presence of temperature difference with temperature-dependent interaction parameters using Brownian dynamics simulation. The particle interaction and particle diffusion are considered to be sensitive to the local temperature. We identify a long-range structural order in the cold region of the system using the Avrami equation for crystal growth kinetics. Our observations might be useful in designing ordered structures with macro-molecules under non-equilibrium steady-state conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Karmakar
- Department of Chemical, Biological and Macro-Molecular Sciences, S. N. Bose National Centre for Basic Sciences, Block-JD, Sector-III, Salt Lake, Kolkata 700106, India.
| | - J Chakrabarti
- Department of Chemical, Biological and Macro-Molecular Sciences, S. N. Bose National Centre for Basic Sciences, Block-JD, Sector-III, Salt Lake, Kolkata 700106, India.
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32
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Ghafouri V, Badieirostami M, Fathipour M. Simulation and fabrication of an integrating well-aligned silicon nanowires substrate for trapping circulating tumor cells labeled with Fe 3O 4 nanoparticles in a microfluidic device. BIOIMPACTS : BI 2022; 12:533-548. [PMID: 36644542 PMCID: PMC9809138 DOI: 10.34172/bi.2022.23393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 08/07/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Introduction: Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) are the transformed tumor cells that can penetrate into the bloodstream and are available at concentrations as low as 1-100 cells per milliliter. To trap CTCs in the blood, one valid and mature technique that has been developed is the magnetophoresis-based separation in a microfluidic channel. Recently, nanostructured platforms have also been developed to trap specific targeted and marker cells in the blood. We aimed to integrate both in one platform to improve trapping. Methods: Here, we developed a numerical scheme and an integrated device that considered the interaction between drag and magnetic forces on paramagnetic labeled cells in the fluid as well as interaction of these two forces with the adhesive force and the surface friction of the nanowires substrate. We aimed on developing a more advanced technique that integrated the magnetophoretic property of some Fe3O4 paramagnetic nanoparticles (PMNPs) with a silicon nanowires (SiNWs) substrate in a microfluidic device to trap MDA-MB231 cell lines as CTCs in the blood. Results: Simulation indicated assuming that the nanoparticles adhere perfectly to the white blood cells (WBCs) and the CTCs, the magnetic moment of the CTCs was almost one order of magnitude larger than that of the WBCs, so its attraction by the magnetic field was much higher. In general with significant statistics, the integrated device can trap almost all of the CTCs on the SiNWs substrate. In the experimental section, we took advantage of the integrated trapping techniques, including micropost barriers, magnetophoresis, and nanowires-based substrate to more effectively isolate the CTCs. Conclusion: The simulation indicated that the proposed device could almost trap all of the CTCs onto the SiNWs substrate, whereas trapping in flat substrates with magnetophoretic force was very low. As a result of the magnetic field gradient, magnetophoretic force was applied to the cells through the nanoparticles, which would efficiently drive down the nanoparticle-tagged cells. For the experimental validation, anti-EpCAM antibodies for specific binding to tumor cells were used. Using this specific targeting method and by statistically counting, it was shown that the proposed technique has excellent performance and results in the trapping efficiency of above 90%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vahid Ghafouri
- MEMS Lab, School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
,Corresponding author: Vahid Ghafouri,
| | - Majid Badieirostami
- MEMS Lab, School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Morteza Fathipour
- MEMS Lab, School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
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33
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Song T, Zhang W, Chen X, Zhang A, Guo S, Shen S, Li H, Dou H. Insights into the correlations between the size of starch at nano- to microscale and its functional properties based on asymmetrical flow field-flow fractionation. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 193:500-509. [PMID: 34710476 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.10.090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Revised: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
In this study, the starches were isolated from three botanical sources (i.e., rice, sweet potato, and lotus seed). The size distributions of starch granules and molecules were determined by asymmetrical flow field-flow fractionation (AF4), and compared with those measured from optical microscopy (OM) and dynamic light scattering (DLS). Furthermore, the starches were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). AF4 coupled online with UV-visible, multiangle light scattering (MALS), and differential refractive index (dRI) detectors (AF4-UV-MALS-dRI) was employed for the investigation of the digestion and retrogradation properties of starches. Meanwhile, the relationships between the size of starch at nano- to microscale and its functional properties (i.e., digestibility, retrogradation, and thermal properties) were studied by Pearson correlation analysis. AF4-UV-MALS-dRI was proved to be a rapid and gentle method for the separation and size characterization of starches at both micro- and nano-molecule levels. Moreover, it was demonstrated that AF4-UV-MALS-dRI is a useful tool for the monitoring of the digestion and retrogradation properties of starches. The results suggested that the sizes of starch granules and molecules were to some extent correlated with their thermal properties and digestibility, but not with retrogradation property.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiange Song
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Science and Technology of Hebei Province, College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China
| | - Wenhui Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Science and Technology of Hebei Province, College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China
| | - Xue Chen
- Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis Mechanism and Control of Inflammatory-Autoimmune Disease of Hebei Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding 071000, China
| | - Aixia Zhang
- Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Shijiazhuang 050035, China
| | - Suna Guo
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Metrology Instrument and System, College of Quality and Technical Supervision, Hebei University, Baoding 071000, China
| | - Shigang Shen
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Science and Technology of Hebei Province, College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China
| | - Huili Li
- Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis Mechanism and Control of Inflammatory-Autoimmune Disease of Hebei Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding 071000, China
| | - Haiyang Dou
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Science and Technology of Hebei Province, College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China; Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University, Baoding 071000, China; Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis Mechanism and Control of Inflammatory-Autoimmune Disease of Hebei Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding 071000, China.
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34
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Methodology of measurement of ionic strength based on field-flow fractionation. J Chromatogr A 2021; 1658:462591. [PMID: 34656839 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2021.462591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Revised: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
In this report, we put forward an experimental method to determine the ionic strength of an aqueous solution. To this end, we have developed a theory of ionic strength I expressed in terms of the retention ratios in field-flow fractionation (FFF) as I1/2=κ(1-R)/(1-Ro)-ε-1/2. Here R is a measured retention ratio using an FFF technique, for instance, sedimentation FFF (SdFFF), and Ro is the sterically-corrected standard retention ratio as given by the standard retention theory (SRT) for a latex particle system of diameter d. For a standard latex system with known d (or Ro) and I, we can construct a linear calibration of I1/2 against (1-R)/(1-Ro). Therefore, if we measure the retention ratio R of a carrier liquid of which ionic strength is of interest, then we will be able to estimate the ionic strength from the calibration curve thus built. In this paper, we have demonstrated the relation of I1/2with respect to (1-R)/(1-Ro) for the polystyrene latex systems of which information on R, Ro, and I is available from Ref. [1].
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Geißler F, Martínez-Cabanas M, Lodeiro P, Achterberg EP. Optimization of hyphenated asymmetric flow field-flow fractionation for the analysis of silver nanoparticles in aqueous solutions. Anal Bioanal Chem 2021; 413:6889-6904. [PMID: 34537865 PMCID: PMC8449749 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-021-03647-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Revised: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The extensive use of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) in consumer products, medicine, and industry leads to their release into the environment. Thus, a characterization of the concentration, size, fate, and toxicity of AgNPs under environmental conditions is required. In this study, we present the characterization and optimization of an asymmetric flow field-flow fractionation (AF4) system coupled with UV/Vis spectrophotometer and dynamic light scattering (DLS) detector as a powerful tool for the size separation and multi-parameter characterization of AgNPs in complex matrices. The hyphenated AF4-UV/Vis-DLS system was first characterized using individual injections of the different size fractions. We used electrostatically stabilized AgNPs of 20-, 50-, and 80-nm nominal diameters coated with lipoic acid. We investigated the effect of applied cross-flows, carrier solutions, focus times, and quantity of injected particles on the nature of the AF4 fractograms and on the integrity of the AgNPs. Best size separation of a 1:1 mixture of 20- and 80-nm AgNPs was achieved using cross-flows of 0.5 and 0.7 mL/min with 1 mM NaCl and 0.05% v/v Mucasol as carrier solutions. We also researched the behavior of AgNPs in natural waters using the hyphenated AF4-UV/Vis-DLS system, under determined optimal conditions. Schematic and photograph of the AF4 setup with numbered hardware devices. Dashed lines represent electrical connections; continuous lines represent fluidic connections. For a better overview, not all fluidic connections between pump/6-way valve (2) and the Eclipse AF4 device (3) are shown in the schematic. The fluorescence detector (FL (7)) was not used in the study presented herein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix Geißler
- Chemical Oceanography, Marine Biogeochemistry, GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - María Martínez-Cabanas
- Chemical Oceanography, Marine Biogeochemistry, GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, Kiel, Germany.
| | - Pablo Lodeiro
- Chemical Oceanography, Marine Biogeochemistry, GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, Kiel, Germany
- Department of Chemistry, University of Lleida - AGROTECNIO-CERCA Center, Rovira Roure 191, 25198, Lleida, Spain
| | - Eric P Achterberg
- Chemical Oceanography, Marine Biogeochemistry, GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, Kiel, Germany
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Kaupbayeva B, Murata H, Matyjaszewski K, Russell AJ, Boye S, Lederer A. A comprehensive analysis in one run - in-depth conformation studies of protein-polymer chimeras by asymmetrical flow field-flow fractionation. Chem Sci 2021; 12:13848-13856. [PMID: 34760170 PMCID: PMC8549772 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc03033g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Polymer-based protein engineering has enabled the synthesis of a variety of protein-polymer conjugates that are widely applicable in therapeutic, diagnostic and biotechnological industries. Accurate characterizations of physical-chemical properties, in particular, molar masses, sizes, composition and their dispersities are critical parameters that determine the functionality and conformation of protein-polymer conjugates and are important for creating reproducible manufacturing processes. Most of the current characterization techniques suffer from fundamental limitations and do not provide an accurate understanding of a sample's true nature. In this paper, we demonstrate the advantage of asymmetrical flow field-flow fractionation (AF4) coupled with multiple detectors for the characterization of a library of complex, zwitterionic and neutral protein-polymer conjugates. This method allows for determination of intrinsic physical properties of protein-polymer chimeras from a single, rapid measurement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bibifatima Kaupbayeva
- Department of Biological Sciences, Carnegie Mellon University 4400 Fifth Avenue Pittsburgh PA 15213 USA
- Center for Polymer-Based Protein Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University 5000 Forbes Avenue Pittsburgh PA 15213 USA
| | - Hironobu Murata
- Center for Polymer-Based Protein Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University 5000 Forbes Avenue Pittsburgh PA 15213 USA
| | - Krzysztof Matyjaszewski
- Center for Polymer-Based Protein Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University 5000 Forbes Avenue Pittsburgh PA 15213 USA
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University 4400 Fifth Avenue Pittsburgh PA 15213 USA
| | - Alan J Russell
- Department of Biological Sciences, Carnegie Mellon University 4400 Fifth Avenue Pittsburgh PA 15213 USA
- Center for Polymer-Based Protein Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University 5000 Forbes Avenue Pittsburgh PA 15213 USA
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University 4400 Fifth Avenue Pittsburgh PA 15213 USA
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University 5000 Forbes Avenue Pittsburgh PA 15213 USA
| | - Susanne Boye
- Center Macromolecular Structure Analysis, Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V. Hohe Straße 6 Dresden 01069 Germany
| | - Albena Lederer
- Center Macromolecular Structure Analysis, Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V. Hohe Straße 6 Dresden 01069 Germany
- Stellenbosch University, Department of Chemistry and Polymer Science Private Bag X1 Matieland 7602 South Africa
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Buschmann K, Gramlich Y, Chaban R, Oelze M, Hink U, Münzel T, Treede H, Daiber A, Duerr GD. Disturbed Lipid Metabolism in Diabetic Patients with Manifest Coronary Artery Disease Is Associated with Enhanced Inflammation. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph182010892. [PMID: 34682638 PMCID: PMC8535387 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182010892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 09/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Background: Diabetic vasculopathy plays an important role in the pathophysiology of coronary artery disease (CAD) with oxidative stress as a strong mediator. This study aims to elucidate the underlying pathomechanisms of diabetic cardiac vasculopathy leading to coronary disease with an emphasis on the role of oxidative stress. Therefore, novel insights into antioxidant pathways might contribute to new strategies in the treatment and prevention of diabetic CAD. Methods: In 20 patients with insulin-dependent or non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM/NIDDM) and 39 non-diabetic (CTR) patients, myocardial markers of oxidative stress, vasoactive proteins, endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), activated phosphorylated eNOS (p-eNOS), and antioxidant enzymes, e.g., tetrahydrobiopterin generating dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR), heme oxygenase (HO-1), as well as serum markers of inflammation, e.g., E-selectin, interleukin-6 (IL-6), and lipid metabolism, e.g., high- and low-density lipoptrotein (HDL- and LDL-cholesterol) were determined in specimens of right atrial tissue and in blood samples from type 2 diabetic and non-diabetic patients undergoing coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery. Results: IDDM/NIDDM increased markers of inflammation (e.g., E-selectin, p = 0.005 and IL-6, p = 0.051), decreased the phosphorylated myocardial p-eNOS (p = 0.032), upregulated the myocardial stress response protein HO-1 (p = 0.018), and enhanced the serum LDL-/HDL-cholesterol ratio (p = 0.019). However, the oxidative stress markers in the myocardium and the expression of vasoactive proteins (eNOS, DHFR) showed only marginal adverse changes in patients with IDDM/NIDDM. Conclusion: Dyslipidemia and myocardial inflammation seem to be the major determinants of diabetic CAD complications. Dysregulation in pro-oxidative enzymes might be attributable to the severity of CAD and oxidative stress levels in all included patients undergoing CABG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katja Buschmann
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg, University Mainz, Langenbeckstraße 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (K.B.); (R.C.); (H.T.)
| | - Yves Gramlich
- Department for Cardiology I, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg, University Mainz, Langenbeckstraße 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (Y.G.); (M.O.); (U.H.); (T.M.); (A.D.)
| | - Ryan Chaban
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg, University Mainz, Langenbeckstraße 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (K.B.); (R.C.); (H.T.)
| | - Matthias Oelze
- Department for Cardiology I, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg, University Mainz, Langenbeckstraße 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (Y.G.); (M.O.); (U.H.); (T.M.); (A.D.)
| | - Ulrich Hink
- Department for Cardiology I, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg, University Mainz, Langenbeckstraße 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (Y.G.); (M.O.); (U.H.); (T.M.); (A.D.)
| | - Thomas Münzel
- Department for Cardiology I, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg, University Mainz, Langenbeckstraße 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (Y.G.); (M.O.); (U.H.); (T.M.); (A.D.)
| | - Hendrik Treede
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg, University Mainz, Langenbeckstraße 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (K.B.); (R.C.); (H.T.)
| | - Andreas Daiber
- Department for Cardiology I, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg, University Mainz, Langenbeckstraße 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (Y.G.); (M.O.); (U.H.); (T.M.); (A.D.)
| | - Georg Daniel Duerr
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg, University Mainz, Langenbeckstraße 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (K.B.); (R.C.); (H.T.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-6131-17-0; Fax: +49-6131-17-3626
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Dai S, Zhang W, Dou Y, Liu H, Chen X, Shi J, Dou H. Towards a better understanding of the relationships between the structure and antitumor activity of Gastrodia elata polysaccharides by asymmetrical flow field-flow fractionation. Food Res Int 2021; 149:110673. [PMID: 34600675 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2021.110673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Revised: 08/15/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
To better understand the structure-function relationship of Gastrodia elata polysaccharides (PGEs), PGEs were extracted by ultrasound-assisted extraction method and the effects of extraction time on the structure and conformation of PGEs were evaluated by asymmetrical flow field-flow fractionation (AF4) coupled online with multiangle light scattering (MALS) and differential refractive index (dRI) detectors (AF4-MALS-dRI). Besides separation, AF4-MALS-dRI can provide more information about PGEs, such as size and molecular weight (Mw) distributions, apparent density, and conformation. The effects of PGEs on the proliferation, apoptosis, and cell cycle of MCF-7 cells were investigated. The cell activity assay indicated that the PGEs can inhibit the growth of MCF-7 cells by inducing late apoptosis. The results indicated that PGEs with a spherical conformation and compact structure seem to be beneficial to inducing MCF-7 cells late apoptosis. Moreover, results demonstrated that the information obtained by AF4-MALS-dRI is valuable for better understanding of the relationship of structure-activity of PGEs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Dai
- Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis Mechanism and Control of Inflammatory-Autoimmune Disease of Hebei Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding 071000, China
| | - Wenhui Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Analytical Science and Technology of Hebei Province, College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China
| | - Yuwei Dou
- Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis Mechanism and Control of Inflammatory-Autoimmune Disease of Hebei Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding 071000, China
| | - Hongmei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Analytical Science and Technology of Hebei Province, College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China
| | - Xue Chen
- Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis Mechanism and Control of Inflammatory-Autoimmune Disease of Hebei Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding 071000, China
| | - Jianhong Shi
- Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University, Baoding 071000, China
| | - Haiyang Dou
- Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis Mechanism and Control of Inflammatory-Autoimmune Disease of Hebei Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding 071000, China; Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University, Baoding 071000, China.
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Investigation on the stability of low‐density lipoproteins modified by phospholipase A2 using asymmetrical flow field‐flow fractionation. JOURNAL OF FOOD MEASUREMENT AND CHARACTERIZATION 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11694-021-00918-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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40
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Jiang H, Li J, Tan Z, Guo Y, Liu Y, Hu L, Yin Y, Cai Y, Jiang G. [Application of non-stationary phase separation hyphenated with inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry in the analysis of trace metal-containing nanoparticles in the environment]. Se Pu 2021; 39:855-869. [PMID: 34212586 PMCID: PMC9404049 DOI: 10.3724/sp.j.1123.2020.12016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
环境中金属纳米颗粒的分析检测不仅需要关注其浓度和化学组成,还需要对其形状、粒径和表面电荷等进行表征。此外,环境中金属纳米颗粒的分析需要解决其低赋存浓度以及复杂基质干扰的难题。无固定相分离技术与电感耦合等离子体质谱(ICP-MS)的在线联用,具有较强的颗粒分离能力和较低的元素检出限,能够快速准确地提供金属纳米颗粒的粒径分布、化学组成等信息,在金属纳米颗粒的分离检测方面表现出极大的潜能。但这一联用技术尚无法获得金属纳米颗粒物的颗粒数浓度和单个颗粒的元素信息,难以判断金属纳米颗粒涂层厚度、纯度以及颗粒的均相/异相团聚行为等。新兴的单颗粒-电感耦合等离子体质谱(SP-ICP-MS)与无固定相分离技术的在线联用,可以获得金属纳米颗粒的流体动力学粒径、元素质量计算粒径和颗粒数浓度等信息,进而弥补无固定相分离与ICP-MS在线联用技术的不足。该文介绍了流体动力色谱、毛细管电泳和场流分离3种常用无固定相分离技术的分离机制和适用检测器,着重综述了无固定相分离技术与ICP-MS/SP-ICP-MS在线联用技术的特点及其在环境金属纳米颗粒分析中的应用。关于场流分离,主要介绍了可以与ICP-MS联用的沉降场流分离和流场流分离。该文还对流体动力色谱、毛细管电泳和流场流分离与ICP-MS在线联用技术的特点进行了比较。最后,该文对无固定相分离技术与ICP-MS/SP-ICP-MS在线联用技术的发展提出了展望。
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Affiliation(s)
- Haowen Jiang
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jian Li
- Zhejiang Environmental Monitoring Engineering Limited Company, Hangzhou 310012, China
| | - Zhiqiang Tan
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China;4. School of Environment, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, UCAS, Hangzhou 310024, China
| | - Yingying Guo
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yanwei Liu
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Ligang Hu
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yongguang Yin
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China;4. School of Environment, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, UCAS, Hangzhou 310024, China
| | - Yong Cai
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China.,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida International University, Miami 33199, United States
| | - Guibin Jiang
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
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Huang X, Liu H, Lu D, Lin Y, Liu J, Liu Q, Nie Z, Jiang G. Mass spectrometry for multi-dimensional characterization of natural and synthetic materials at the nanoscale. Chem Soc Rev 2021; 50:5243-5280. [PMID: 33656017 DOI: 10.1039/d0cs00714e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Characterization of materials at the nanoscale plays a crucial role in in-depth understanding the nature and processes of the substances. Mass spectrometry (MS) has characterization capabilities for nanomaterials (NMs) and nanostructures by offering reliable multi-dimensional information consisting of accurate mass, isotopic, and molecular structural information. In the last decade, MS has emerged as a powerful nano-characterization technique. This review comprehensively summarizes the capabilities of MS in various aspects of nano-characterization that greatly enrich the toolbox of nano research. Compared with other characterization techniques, MS has unique capabilities for real-time monitoring and tracking reaction intermediates and by-products. Moreover, MS has shown application potential in some novel aspects, such as MS imaging of the biodistribution and fate of NMs in animals and humans, stable isotopic tracing of NMs, and risk assessment of NMs, which deserve update and integration into the current knowledge framework of nano-characterization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiu Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China. and University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Huihui Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.
| | - Dawei Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China.
| | - Yue Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China.
| | - Jingfu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China. and University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Qian Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China. and University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China and Institute of Environment and Health, Jianghan University, Wuhan 430056, China
| | - Zongxiu Nie
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China and Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.
| | - Guibin Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China. and University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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Kim JY, Lee GB, Lee JC, Moon MH. High-Speed Screening of Lipoprotein Components Using Online Miniaturized Asymmetrical Flow Field-Flow Fractionation and Electrospray Ionization Tandem Mass Spectrometry: Application to Hepatocellular Carcinoma Plasma Samples. Anal Chem 2021; 93:4867-4875. [PMID: 33689313 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.0c04756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
This study introduces a high-speed screening method for the quantitative analysis of lipoprotein components in human plasma samples using online miniaturized asymmetrical flow field-flow fractionation and electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry (mAF4-ESI-MS/MS). Using an mAF4 channel, high-density lipoproteins and low-density lipoproteins can be fractionated by size at a high speed (<10 min) and directly fed to ESI-MS/MS for the simultaneous screening of targeted lipid species and apolipoprotein A1 (ApoA1). By employing the heated electrospray ionization probe as an ionization source, an mAF4 effluent flow rate of up to a few tens of microliters per minute can be used, which is adequate for direct feeding to MS without splitting the outflow, resulting in a consistent feed rate to MS for stable MS detection. mAF4-ESI-MS/MS was applied to hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) plasma samples for targeted quantification of 25 lipid biomarker candidates and ApoA1 compared with healthy controls, the results of which were in statistical agreement with the quantified results obtained by nanoflow ultrahigh performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Moreover, the present method provided the simultaneous detection of changes in lipoprotein size and the relative amount. This study demonstrated the potential of mAF4-ESI-MS/MS as an alternative high-speed screening platform for the top-down analysis of targeted lipoprotein components in patients with HCC, which is applicable to other diseases that involve the perturbation of lipoproteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Yong Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Gwang Bin Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Cheol Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Myeong Hee Moon
- Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
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Nwoko KC, Liang X, Perez MA, Krupp E, Gadd GM, Feldmann J. Characterisation of selenium and tellurium nanoparticles produced by Aureobasidium pullulans using a multi-method approach. J Chromatogr A 2021; 1642:462022. [PMID: 33714080 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2021.462022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Revised: 02/14/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Aureobasidium pullulans was grown in liquid culture media amended with selenite and tellurite and selenium (Se) and tellurium (Te) nanoparticles (NPs) were recovered after 30 d incubation. A separation method was applied to recover and characterise Se and Te NPs by asymmetric flow field flow fractionation (AF4) with online coupling to multi-angle light scattering (MALS), ultraviolet visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis), and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) detectors. Additional characterisation data was obtained from transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and dynamic light scattering (DLS). Solutions of 0.2% Novachem surfactant and 10 mM phosphate buffer were compared as mobile phases to investigate optimal AF4 separation and particle recovery using Se-NP as a model sample. 88% recovery was reported for 0.2% Novachem solution, compared with 50% recovery for phosphate buffer. Different crossflow (Cflow) rates were compared to further investigate optimum separation, with recoveries of 88% and 30% for Se-NPs, and 90% and 29% for Te-NPs for 3.5 mL min-1 and 2.5 mL min-1 respectively. Zeta-potential (ZP) data suggested higher stability for NP elution in Novachem solution, with increased stability attributed to minimised NP-membrane interaction due to PEGylation. Detection with MALS showed monodisperse Se-NPs (45-90 nm) and polydisperse Te-NPs (5-65 nm).Single particle ICP-MS showed mean particle diameters of 49.7 ± 2.7 nm, and 135 ± 4.3 nm, and limit of size detection (LOSD) of 20 nm and 45 nm for Se-NPs and Te-NPs respectively. TEM images of Se-NPs and Te-NPs displayed a spherical morphology, with the Te-NPs showing a clustered arrangement, which suggested electrostatic attraction amongst neighbouring particles. Particle hydrodynamic diameters (dH) measured with dynamic light scattering (DLS) further suggested monodisperse Se-NPs and polydisperse Te-NPs distributions, showing good agreement with AF4-MALS for Se-NPs, but suggests that the Rg obtained from AF4-MALS for Te-NP was unreliable. The results demonstrate a complementary application of asymmetric flow field-flow fractionation (AF4), ICP-MS, light scattering, UV-Vis detection, and microscopic techniques to characterise biogenic Se and Te NPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth C Nwoko
- Trace Element Speciation Laboratories, Dept. of Chemistry, University of Aberdeen, AB24 3UE, United Kingdom.
| | - Xinjin Liang
- Geomicrobiology Group, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, DD1 5EH, United Kingdom
| | - Magali Amj Perez
- Trace Element Speciation Laboratories, Dept. of Chemistry, University of Aberdeen, AB24 3UE, United Kingdom
| | - Eva Krupp
- Trace Element Speciation Laboratories, Dept. of Chemistry, University of Aberdeen, AB24 3UE, United Kingdom
| | - Geoffrey Michael Gadd
- Geomicrobiology Group, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, DD1 5EH, United Kingdom; State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Pollution Control, College of Science and Environment, China University of Petroleum, Beijing, 102249, China
| | - Jörg Feldmann
- Trace Element Speciation Laboratories, Dept. of Chemistry, University of Aberdeen, AB24 3UE, United Kingdom; Institute of Chemistry, Environmental Analytical Chemistry, University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria.
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Meili-Borovinskaya O, Meier F, Drexel R, Baalousha M, Flamigni L, Hegetschweiler A, Kraus T. Analysis of complex particle mixtures by asymmetrical flow field-flow fractionation coupled to inductively coupled plasma time-of-flight mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2021; 1641:461981. [PMID: 33684778 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2021.461981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Revised: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Asymmetrical flow field-flow fractionation (AF4) hyphenated with inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) has been widely used to characterize metal containing particles. This study demonstrates the advantages of coupling AF4 with ICP-time-of-flight mass spectrometry (ICP-TOFMS) in standard and single particle modes to determine size distribution, elemental composition, and number concentration of composite particles. The coupled system was used to characterize two complex particle mixtures. The first mixture consisted of particles extracted from micro-alloyed steels with two size populations of different elemental composition. The second mixture consisted of particles extracted from soil spiked with various engineered nanoparticles (ENPs). The equivalent hydrodynamic sizes of individual micro-alloyed steel particles were up to 6 times larger than the sizes determined by single particle (sp)-ICP-TOFMS. The larger AF4 sizes were attributed to the presence of a surface coating, which is not reflected in the core size determined by sp-ICP-TOFMS. Two particle populations could not be separated by AF4 due to their broad size distributions but were resolved by sp-ICP-TOFMS using their unique elemental signatures. Multi-angle light scattering and ICP-TOFMS signals of soil suspensions increased with the spiked ENP concentrations. However, only after conducting full element screening and single particle fingerprinting by ICP-TOFMS could this increase be attributed to enhanced extraction efficiency of natural particles and the risk for false conclusions be eliminated. In this study, we describe how AF4 coupled to ICP-TOFMS can be applied to study complex samples of inorganic particles which contain organic compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Mohammed Baalousha
- Center for Environmental Nanoscience and Risk, Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, United States
| | | | | | - Tobias Kraus
- INM - Leibniz Institute for New Materials, Saarbrücken, Germany; Colloid and Interface Chemistry, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany
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Zhang W, Shen S, Song T, Chen X, Zhang A, Dou H. Insights into the structure and conformation of potato resistant starch (type 2) using asymmetrical flow field-flow fractionation coupled with multiple detectors. Food Chem 2021; 349:129168. [PMID: 33548882 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.129168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Revised: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Insight into the structure and conformation characteristics of starch that influence its enzyme susceptibility is import for its potential application. In this study, the capacity of asymmetrical flow field-flow fractionation (AF4) coupled online with multi-angle light scatting (MALS) and differential refractive index (dRI) detectors (AF4-MALS-dRI) for monitoring of change in structure and conformation of potato starch during enzymatic hydrolysis was evaluated. The dissolution behavior of potato resistant starch (type 2) (PRS) was investigated. The effect of incubation time and amyloglucosidase concentration on the structure and conformation of potato starch was studied. The apparent density and the ratio of Rg (radius of gyration) to Rh (hydrodynamic radius) obtained from AF4-MALS-dRI were proven to be important parameters as they offer an insight into conformation of PRS at molecular level. Results suggested that gelatinization process made potato amylose molecules have a loose and random coil conformation which could contribute to an acceleration of enzymatic hydrolysis of potato starch. Furthermore, an intermediate with an elongated branched conformation was found between amylose and amylopectin populations, which may play a role in digestion property of potato starch. The results demonstrated that AF4-MALS-dRI is a powerful tool for better understanding of conformation of PRS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhui Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Science and Technology of Hebei Province, College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China
| | - Shigang Shen
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Science and Technology of Hebei Province, College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China; Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University, Baoding 071000, China
| | - Tiange Song
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Science and Technology of Hebei Province, College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China
| | - Xue Chen
- Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis Mechanism and Control of Inflammatory-Autoimmune Disease of Hebei Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding 071000, China
| | - Aixia Zhang
- National Foxtail Millet Improvement Center, Institute of Millet Crops, Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Shijiazhuang 050035, China
| | - Haiyang Dou
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Science and Technology of Hebei Province, College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China; Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University, Baoding 071000, China; Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis Mechanism and Control of Inflammatory-Autoimmune Disease of Hebei Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding 071000, China.
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46
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Marassi V, De Marchis F, Roda B, Bellucci M, Capecchi A, Reschiglian P, Pompa A, Zattoni A. Perspectives on protein biopolymers: miniaturized flow field-flow fractionation-assisted characterization of a single-cysteine mutated phaseolin expressed in transplastomic tobacco plants. J Chromatogr A 2021; 1637:461806. [PMID: 33360435 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2020.461806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2020] [Revised: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
The development of plant-based protein polymers to employ in biofilm production represents the promising intersection between material science and sustainability, and allows to obtain biodegradable materials that also possess excellent physicochemical properties. A possible candidate for protein biopolymer production is phaseolin, a storage protein highly abundant in P Vulgaris beans. We previously showed that transformed tobacco chloroplasts could be employed to express a mutated phaseolin carrying a signal peptide (directing it into the thylakoids) also enriched of a cysteine residue added to its C-terminal region. This modification allows for the formation of inter-chain disulfide bonds, as we previously demonstrated, and should promote polymerization. To verify the effect of the peptide modification and to quantify polymer formation, we employed hollow-fiber flow field-flow fractionation coupled to UV and multi-angle laser scattering detection (HF5-UV-MALS): HF5 allows for the selective size-based separation of phaseolin species, whereas MALS calculates molar mass and conformation state of each population. With the use of two different HF5 separation methods we first observed the native state of P.Vulgaris phaseolin, mainly assembled into trimers, and compared it to mutated phaseolin (P*) which instead resulted highly aggregated. Then we further characterized P* using a second separation method, discriminating between two and distinct high-molecular weight (HMW) species, one averaging 0.8 × 106 Da and the second reaching the tens of million Da. Insight on the conformation of these HMW species was offered from their conformation plots, which confirmed the positive impact of the Cys modification on polymerization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Marassi
- Department of Chemistry G. Ciamician, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy; byFlow srl, via dell'Arcoveggio 74, 40128 Bologna (BO), Italy
| | - Francesca De Marchis
- Institute of Biosciences and Bioresources-Research Division of Perugia, National Research Council of Italy, via della Madonna Alta 130, 06128, Perugia (PG), Italy
| | - Barbara Roda
- Department of Chemistry G. Ciamician, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy; byFlow srl, via dell'Arcoveggio 74, 40128 Bologna (BO), Italy
| | - Michele Bellucci
- Institute of Biosciences and Bioresources-Research Division of Perugia, National Research Council of Italy, via della Madonna Alta 130, 06128, Perugia (PG), Italy
| | - Alice Capecchi
- Institute of Biosciences and Bioresources-Research Division of Perugia, National Research Council of Italy, via della Madonna Alta 130, 06128, Perugia (PG), Italy
| | - Pierluigi Reschiglian
- Department of Chemistry G. Ciamician, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy; byFlow srl, via dell'Arcoveggio 74, 40128 Bologna (BO), Italy
| | - Andrea Pompa
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino "Carlo Bo", via Donato Bramante 28, 61029 Urbino (PU), Italy
| | - Andrea Zattoni
- Department of Chemistry G. Ciamician, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy; byFlow srl, via dell'Arcoveggio 74, 40128 Bologna (BO), Italy.
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Weißpflog J, Vehlow D, Müller M, Kohn B, Scheler U, Boye S, Schwarz S. Characterization of chitosan with different degree of deacetylation and equal viscosity in dissolved and solid state - Insights by various complimentary methods. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 171:242-261. [PMID: 33418043 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Revised: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, chitosan has attracted considerable interest in many fields due to its sufficient charge density under biological, non-hazardous conditions. Since chitosan originates from natural resources and has two different monomer units, its characterization must be carried out in a goal-oriented and precise manner. This work focuses on the characterization of chitosans most important parameters - solubility, crystallinity, degree of deacetylation (DD) and molecular weight - in a simple and convenient way. The DD was determined using Nuclear Magnetic Resonance spectroscopy (NMR), Particle Charge Detection (PCD), Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), CHN elemental analysis (CHN-EA) and conductometric/potentiometric titration with special attention to its physical state as solid or liquid. Investigation of DD by FTIR was successfully determined by calculating peak heights, peak areas and peak deconvolution from a linear combination of Gaussian and Lorentzian functions. Asymmetrical flow field flow fractionation with light scattering detection (AF4-LS) was applied in order to calculate molar masses and radii. In addition, pH-potentiometric titrations demonstrated a reproducible displacement of the point of zero charge (PZC) in form of a hysteresis depending on the titration direction. The DD affects the crystallinity, which was determined by deconvolution of the crystalline and amorphous domains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janek Weißpflog
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden, Physikalische Chemie und Physik der Polymere, Hohe Straße 6, D-01069 Dresden, Germany.
| | - David Vehlow
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden, Physikalische Chemie und Physik der Polymere, Hohe Straße 6, D-01069 Dresden, Germany.
| | - Martin Müller
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden, Physikalische Chemie und Physik der Polymere, Hohe Straße 6, D-01069 Dresden, Germany.
| | - Benjamin Kohn
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden, Physikalische Chemie und Physik der Polymere, Hohe Straße 6, D-01069 Dresden, Germany.
| | - Ulrich Scheler
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden, Physikalische Chemie und Physik der Polymere, Hohe Straße 6, D-01069 Dresden, Germany.
| | - Susanne Boye
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden, Physikalische Chemie und Physik der Polymere, Hohe Straße 6, D-01069 Dresden, Germany.
| | - Simona Schwarz
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden, Physikalische Chemie und Physik der Polymere, Hohe Straße 6, D-01069 Dresden, Germany.
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48
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Marassi V, Marangon M, Zattoni A, Vincenzi S, Versari A, Reschiglian P, Roda B, Curioni A. Characterization of red wine native colloids by asymmetrical flow field-flow fractionation with online multidetection. Food Hydrocoll 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2020.106204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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49
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Folta-Stogniew E. Characterization of Protein-Nucleic Acid Complexes by Size-Exclusion Chromatography Coupled with Light Scattering, Absorbance, and Refractive Index Detectors. Methods Mol Biol 2021; 2263:381-395. [PMID: 33877609 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-1197-5_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Size-exclusion chromatography (SEC) coupled with multiangle light scattering detection (SEC/MALS) enables determination of the molecular weight, oligomeric state, and stoichiometry of protein-nucleic acid complexes in solution. Often such complexes show anomalous behavior on SEC, thus presenting a challenge in determination of molecular weight and stoichiometry based solely on the elution position from SEC. In contrast to analytical ultracentrifugation, the SEC/MALS analysis is not affected by the shape of the complex. Here we describe the use of SEC/MALS for characterization of the stoichiometry of the complex between the reverse transcriptase (RT) domain from group II intron-maturase from Eubacterium rectale and intron RNA, and for monitoring protein dimerization that is driven by interaction between single-stranded DNA upstream of the P1 promoter, known as FUSE and FUSE binding protein-interacting repressor (FIR).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Folta-Stogniew
- W.M. Keck Biotechnology Resource Laboratory, Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
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50
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Xie Y, Rufo J, Zhong R, Rich J, Li P, Leong KW, Huang TJ. Microfluidic Isolation and Enrichment of Nanoparticles. ACS NANO 2020; 14:16220-16240. [PMID: 33252215 PMCID: PMC8164652 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c06336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Over the past decades, nanoparticles have increased in implementation to a variety of applications ranging from high-efficiency electronics to targeted drug delivery. Recently, microfluidic techniques have become an important tool to isolate and enrich populations of nanoparticles with uniform properties (e.g., size, shape, charge) due to their precision, versatility, and scalability. However, due to the large number of microfluidic techniques available, it can be challenging to identify the most suitable approach for isolating or enriching a nanoparticle of interest. In this review article, we survey microfluidic methods for nanoparticle isolation and enrichment based on their underlying mechanisms, including acoustofluidics, dielectrophoresis, filtration, deterministic lateral displacement, inertial microfluidics, optofluidics, electrophoresis, and affinity-based methods. We discuss the principles, applications, advantages, and limitations of each method. We also provide comparisons with bulk methods, perspectives for future developments and commercialization, and next-generation applications in chemistry, biology, and medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuliang Xie
- Roy J. Carver Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, United States
| | - Joseph Rufo
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
| | - Ruoyu Zhong
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
| | - Joseph Rich
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
| | - Peng Li
- C. Eugene Bennett Department of Chemistry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia 26506, United States
| | - Kam W Leong
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, New York 10032, United States
| | - Tony Jun Huang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
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