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Du X, Jia H, Chang Y, Zhao Y, Song J. Progress of organoid platform in cardiovascular research. Bioact Mater 2024; 40:88-103. [PMID: 38962658 PMCID: PMC11220467 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2024.05.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Revised: 05/28/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease is a significant cause of death in humans. Various models are necessary for the study of cardiovascular diseases, but once cellular and animal models have some defects, such as insufficient fidelity. As a new technology, organoid has certain advantages and has been used in many applications in the study of cardiovascular diseases. This article aims to summarize the application of organoid platforms in cardiovascular diseases, including organoid construction schemes, modeling, and application of cardiovascular organoids. Advances in cardiovascular organoid research have provided many models for different cardiovascular diseases in a variety of areas, including myocardium, blood vessels, and valves. Physiological and pathological models of different diseases, drug research models, and methods for evaluating and promoting the maturation of different kinds of organ tissues are provided for various cardiovascular diseases, including cardiomyopathy, myocardial infarction, and atherosclerosis. This article provides a comprehensive overview of the latest research progress in cardiovascular organ tissues, including construction protocols for cardiovascular organoid tissues and their evaluation system, different types of disease models, and applications of cardiovascular organoid models in various studies. The problems and possible solutions in organoid development are summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingchao Du
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Preclinical Research and Evaluation for Cardiovascular Implant Materials, Animal Experimental Centre, National Centre for Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Cardiac Surgery, Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, PUMC, 167 Beilishi Road, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100037, China
| | - Hao Jia
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Preclinical Research and Evaluation for Cardiovascular Implant Materials, Animal Experimental Centre, National Centre for Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Cardiac Surgery, Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, PUMC, 167 Beilishi Road, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100037, China
| | - Yuan Chang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Preclinical Research and Evaluation for Cardiovascular Implant Materials, Animal Experimental Centre, National Centre for Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Cardiac Surgery, Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, PUMC, 167 Beilishi Road, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100037, China
| | - Yiqi Zhao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Preclinical Research and Evaluation for Cardiovascular Implant Materials, Animal Experimental Centre, National Centre for Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Cardiac Surgery, Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, PUMC, 167 Beilishi Road, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100037, China
| | - Jiangping Song
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Preclinical Research and Evaluation for Cardiovascular Implant Materials, Animal Experimental Centre, National Centre for Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Cardiac Surgery, Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, PUMC, 167 Beilishi Road, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100037, China
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Suh YJ, Li AT, Pandey M, Nordmann CS, Huang YL, Wu M. Decoding physical principles of cell migration under controlled environment using microfluidics. BIOPHYSICS REVIEWS 2024; 5:031302. [PMID: 39091432 PMCID: PMC11290890 DOI: 10.1063/5.0199161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2024] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024]
Abstract
Living cells can perform incredible tasks that man-made micro/nano-sized robots have not yet been able to accomplish. One example is that white blood cells can sense and move to the site of pathogen attack within minutes. The robustness and precision of cellular functions have been perfected through billions of years of evolution. In this context, we ask the question whether cells follow a set of physical principles to sense, adapt, and migrate. Microfluidics has emerged as an enabling technology for recreating well-defined cellular environment for cell migration studies, and its ability to follow single cell dynamics allows for the results to be amenable for theoretical modeling. In this review, we focus on the development of microfluidic platforms for recreating cellular biophysical (e.g., mechanical stress) and biochemical (e.g., nutrients and cytokines) environments for cell migration studies in 3D. We summarize the basic principles that cells (including bacteria, algal, and mammalian cells) use to respond to chemical gradients learned from microfluidic systems. We also discuss about novel biological insights gained from studies of cell migration under biophysical cues and the need for further quantitative studies of cell function under well-controlled biophysical environments in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Joon Suh
- Department of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA
| | - Alan T. Li
- Department of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA
| | - Mrinal Pandey
- Department of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA
| | - Cassidy S. Nordmann
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA
| | - Yu Ling Huang
- Department of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA
| | - Mingming Wu
- Department of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA
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Morita T, Nie M, Takeuchi S. Human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiac muscle rings for biohybrid self-beating actuator. LAB ON A CHIP 2024; 24:3377-3387. [PMID: 38916038 DOI: 10.1039/d4lc00276h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/26/2024]
Abstract
Cardiac muscle, a subtype of striated muscle composing our heart, has garnered attention as a source of autonomously driven actuators due to its inherent capability for spontaneous contraction. However, conventional cardiac biohybrid robots have utilized planar (2D) cardiac tissue consisting of a thin monolayer of cardiac myotubes with a thickness of 3-5 μm, which can generate a limited contractile force per unit footprint. In this study, 3D cardiac muscle rings were proposed as robotic actuator units. These units not only exhibit higher contractile force per unit footprint compared to their 2D counterparts due to their increased height, but they can also be integrated into desired 3D configurations. We fabricated cardiac muscle rings from human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (hiPSC-CMs), evaluated their driving characteristics, and verified the actuation effects by integrating them with artificial components. After the 10th day from culture, the cardiac muscle rings exhibited rhythmic spontaneous contraction and increased contractile force in response to stretching stimuli. Furthermore, after constructing a centimeter-sized biohybrid self-beating actuator with an antagonistic pair structure of cardiac muscle rings, the periodic antagonistic beating motion at its tail portion was confirmed. We believe that 3D cardiac muscle rings, possessing high contractile force and capable of being positioned within limited 3D space, can be used as potent biohybrid robotic actuators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomohiro Morita
- Department of Mechano-Informatics, Graduate School of Information Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan.
| | - Minghao Nie
- Department of Mechano-Informatics, Graduate School of Information Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan.
| | - Shoji Takeuchi
- Department of Mechano-Informatics, Graduate School of Information Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan.
- Institude of Industrial Science (IIS), The University of Tokyo, 153-8505, Japan
- International Research Center for Neurointelligence (WPI-IRCN), the University of Tokyo Institutes for Advanced Study (UTIAS), 113-0033, Japan
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Fan L, Li H, Xu Y, Huang Y, Qian Y, Jin P, Shen X, Li Z, Liu M, Liang Y, Shen G, Dong M. Identification of four TTN variants in three families with fetal akinesia deformation sequence. BMC Med Genomics 2024; 17:170. [PMID: 38937733 PMCID: PMC11212154 DOI: 10.1186/s12920-024-01946-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND TTN is a complex gene with large genomic size and highly repetitive structure. Pathogenic variants in TTN have been reported to cause a range of skeletal muscle and cardiac disorders. Homozygous or compound heterozygous mutations tend to cause a wide spectrum of phenotypes with congenital or childhood onset. The onset and severity of the features were considered to be correlated with the types and location of the TTN variants. METHODS Whole-exome sequencing was performed on three unrelated families presenting with fetal akinesia deformation sequence (FADS), mainly characterized by reduced fetal movements and limb contractures. Sanger sequencing was performed to confirm the variants. RT-PCR analysis was performed. RESULTS TTN c.38,876-2 A > C, a meta transcript-only variant, with a second pathogenic or likely pathogenic variant in trans, was observed in five affected fetuses from the three families. Sanger sequencing showed that all the fetal variants were inherited from the parents. RT-PCR analysis showed two kinds of abnormal splicing, including intron 199 extension and skipping of 8 bases. CONCLUSIONS Here we report on three unrelated families presenting with FADS caused by four TTN variants. In addition, our study demonstrates that pathogenic meta transcript-only TTN variant can lead to defects which is recognizable prenatally in a recessive manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihong Fan
- Center of Prenatal Diagnosis, Huzhou Maternity & Child Health Care Hospital, No. 2 East Street, Wuxing district, Huzhou, 313000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Haibo Li
- Central Laboratory of Birth Defects Prevention and Control, Ningbo Women and Children's Hospital, Ningbo, China
| | - Ying Xu
- Central Laboratory of Birth Defects Prevention and Control, Ningbo Women and Children's Hospital, Ningbo, China
| | - Yingzhi Huang
- Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, No.1 Xueshi road, Shangcheng district, Hangzhou, 310006, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yeqing Qian
- Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, No.1 Xueshi road, Shangcheng district, Hangzhou, 310006, Zhejiang, China
| | - Pengzhen Jin
- Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, No.1 Xueshi road, Shangcheng district, Hangzhou, 310006, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xueping Shen
- Center of Prenatal Diagnosis, Huzhou Maternity & Child Health Care Hospital, No. 2 East Street, Wuxing district, Huzhou, 313000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhi Li
- Center of Prenatal Diagnosis, Huzhou Maternity & Child Health Care Hospital, No. 2 East Street, Wuxing district, Huzhou, 313000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Mingsong Liu
- Center of Prenatal Diagnosis, Huzhou Maternity & Child Health Care Hospital, No. 2 East Street, Wuxing district, Huzhou, 313000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yufei Liang
- Center of Prenatal Diagnosis, Huzhou Maternity & Child Health Care Hospital, No. 2 East Street, Wuxing district, Huzhou, 313000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Guosong Shen
- Center of Prenatal Diagnosis, Huzhou Maternity & Child Health Care Hospital, No. 2 East Street, Wuxing district, Huzhou, 313000, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Minyue Dong
- Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, No.1 Xueshi road, Shangcheng district, Hangzhou, 310006, Zhejiang, China.
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Genetics (Zhejiang University), Ministry of Education, Hangzhou, China.
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Groen E, Mummery CL, Yiangou L, Davis RP. Three-dimensional cardiac models: a pre-clinical testing platform. Biochem Soc Trans 2024; 52:1045-1059. [PMID: 38778769 DOI: 10.1042/bst20230444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Revised: 04/25/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Major advancements in human pluripotent stem cell (hPSC) technology over recent years have yielded valuable tools for cardiovascular research. Multi-cell type 3-dimensional (3D) cardiac models in particular, are providing complementary approaches to animal studies that are better representatives than simple 2-dimensional (2D) cultures of differentiated hPSCs. These human 3D cardiac models can be broadly divided into two categories; namely those generated through aggregating pre-differentiated cells and those that form self-organizing structures during their in vitro differentiation from hPSCs. These models can either replicate aspects of cardiac development or enable the examination of interactions among constituent cell types, with some of these models showing increased maturity compared with 2D systems. Both groups have already emerged as physiologically relevant pre-clinical platforms for studying heart disease mechanisms, exhibiting key functional attributes of the human heart. In this review, we describe the different cardiac organoid models derived from hPSCs, their generation methods, applications in cardiovascular disease research and use in drug screening. We also address their current limitations and challenges as pre-clinical testing platforms and propose potential improvements to enhance their efficacy in cardiac drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eline Groen
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Christine L Mummery
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Stem Cell Medicine (reNEW), Leiden University Medical Center, 2300RC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Loukia Yiangou
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Richard P Davis
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Stem Cell Medicine (reNEW), Leiden University Medical Center, 2300RC Leiden, The Netherlands
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Pardon G, Vander Roest AS, Chirikian O, Birnbaum F, Lewis H, Castillo EA, Wilson R, Denisin AK, Blair CA, Holbrook C, Koleckar K, Chang ACY, Blau HM, Pruitt BL. Tracking single hiPSC-derived cardiomyocyte contractile function using CONTRAX an efficient pipeline for traction force measurement. Nat Commun 2024; 15:5427. [PMID: 38926342 PMCID: PMC11208611 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-49755-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Cardiomyocytes derived from human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSC-CMs) are powerful in vitro models to study the mechanisms underlying cardiomyopathies and cardiotoxicity. Quantification of the contractile function in single hiPSC-CMs at high-throughput and over time is essential to disentangle how cellular mechanisms affect heart function. Here, we present CONTRAX, an open-access, versatile, and streamlined pipeline for quantitative tracking of the contractile dynamics of single hiPSC-CMs over time. Three software modules enable: parameter-based identification of single hiPSC-CMs; automated video acquisition of >200 cells/hour; and contractility measurements via traction force microscopy. We analyze >4,500 hiPSC-CMs over time in the same cells under orthogonal conditions of culture media and substrate stiffnesses; +/- drug treatment; +/- cardiac mutations. Using undirected clustering, we reveal converging maturation patterns, quantifiable drug response to Mavacamten and significant deficiencies in hiPSC-CMs with disease mutations. CONTRAX empowers researchers with a potent quantitative approach to develop cardiac therapies.
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Grants
- K99 HL153679 NHLBI NIH HHS
- RM1 GM131981 NIGMS NIH HHS
- 20POST35211011 American Heart Association (American Heart Association, Inc.)
- 17CSA33590101 American Heart Association (American Heart Association, Inc.)
- 18CDA34110411 American Heart Association (American Heart Association, Inc.)
- 1R21HL13099301 U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI)
- 18POST34080160 American Heart Association (American Heart Association, Inc.)
- 1F31HL158227 U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI)
- F31 HL158227 NHLBI NIH HHS
- 201411MFE-338745-169197 Gouvernement du Canada | Canadian Institutes of Health Research (Instituts de Recherche en Santé du Canada)
- P2SKP2_164954 Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur Förderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung (Swiss National Science Foundation)
- 13POST14480004 American Heart Association (American Heart Association, Inc.)
- RM1GM131981 U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI)
- 82070248 National Natural Science Foundation of China (National Science Foundation of China)
- P400PM_180825 Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur Förderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung (Swiss National Science Foundation)
- U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI)
- Shanghai Pujiang Program 19PJ1407000 Program for Professor of Special Appointment (Eastern Scholar) at Shanghai Institutions of Higher Learning 0900000024 to A.C.Y.C. Innovative Research Team of High-Level Local Universities in Shanghai (A.C.Y.C.)
- the Baxter Foundation, Li Ka Shing Foundation and The Stanford Cardiovascular Institute
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaspard Pardon
- Departments of Mechanical Engineering and of Bioengineering, Stanford University, School of Engineering and School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Baxter Laboratory for Stem Cell Biology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Departments of Bioengineering and Mechanical Engineering, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
- School of Life Sciences, EPFL École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Alison S Vander Roest
- Departments of Mechanical Engineering and of Bioengineering, Stanford University, School of Engineering and School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics (Cardiology), Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Michigan Engineering, University of Michigan Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Orlando Chirikian
- Biomolecular Science and Engineering Program, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
| | - Foster Birnbaum
- Baxter Laboratory for Stem Cell Biology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Henry Lewis
- Departments of Mechanical Engineering and of Bioengineering, Stanford University, School of Engineering and School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Erica A Castillo
- Departments of Mechanical Engineering and of Bioengineering, Stanford University, School of Engineering and School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Departments of Bioengineering and Mechanical Engineering, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
| | - Robin Wilson
- Departments of Mechanical Engineering and of Bioengineering, Stanford University, School of Engineering and School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Aleksandra K Denisin
- Departments of Mechanical Engineering and of Bioengineering, Stanford University, School of Engineering and School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Cheavar A Blair
- Departments of Mechanical Engineering and of Bioengineering, Stanford University, School of Engineering and School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Departments of Bioengineering and Mechanical Engineering, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
- Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Colin Holbrook
- Baxter Laboratory for Stem Cell Biology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Kassie Koleckar
- Baxter Laboratory for Stem Cell Biology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Alex C Y Chang
- Baxter Laboratory for Stem Cell Biology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Shanghai Institute of Precision Medicine and Department of Cardiology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200125, China
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Helen M Blau
- Baxter Laboratory for Stem Cell Biology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Beth L Pruitt
- Departments of Mechanical Engineering and of Bioengineering, Stanford University, School of Engineering and School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
- Departments of Bioengineering and Mechanical Engineering, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, USA.
- Biomolecular Science and Engineering Program, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, USA.
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Wali R, Xu H, Cheruiyot C, Saleem HN, Janshoff A, Habeck M, Ebert A. Integrated machine learning and multimodal data fusion for patho-phenotypic feature recognition in iPSC models of dilated cardiomyopathy. Biol Chem 2024; 405:427-439. [PMID: 38651266 DOI: 10.1515/hsz-2024-0023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
Integration of multiple data sources presents a challenge for accurate prediction of molecular patho-phenotypic features in automated analysis of data from human model systems. Here, we applied a machine learning-based data integration to distinguish patho-phenotypic features at the subcellular level for dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM). We employed a human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocyte (iPSC-CM) model of a DCM mutation in the sarcomere protein troponin T (TnT), TnT-R141W, compared to isogenic healthy (WT) control iPSC-CMs. We established a multimodal data fusion (MDF)-based analysis to integrate source datasets for Ca2+ transients, force measurements, and contractility recordings. Data were acquired for three additional layer types, single cells, cell monolayers, and 3D spheroid iPSC-CM models. For data analysis, numerical conversion as well as fusion of data from Ca2+ transients, force measurements, and contractility recordings, a non-negative blind deconvolution (NNBD)-based method was applied. Using an XGBoost algorithm, we found a high prediction accuracy for fused single cell, monolayer, and 3D spheroid iPSC-CM models (≥92 ± 0.08 %), as well as for fused Ca2+ transient, beating force, and contractility models (>96 ± 0.04 %). Integrating MDF and XGBoost provides a highly effective analysis tool for prediction of patho-phenotypic features in complex human disease models such as DCM iPSC-CMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruheen Wali
- Department of Cardiology and Pneumology, Heart Research Center, University Medical Center, 27177 Göttingen University , Robert-Koch-Strasse 40, D-37075 Göttingen, Germany
- Partner Site Göttingen, DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Robert-Koch-Strasse 40, D-37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Hang Xu
- Department of Cardiology and Pneumology, Heart Research Center, University Medical Center, 27177 Göttingen University , Robert-Koch-Strasse 40, D-37075 Göttingen, Germany
- Partner Site Göttingen, DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Robert-Koch-Strasse 40, D-37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Cleophas Cheruiyot
- Department of Cardiology and Pneumology, Heart Research Center, University Medical Center, 27177 Göttingen University , Robert-Koch-Strasse 40, D-37075 Göttingen, Germany
- Partner Site Göttingen, DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Robert-Koch-Strasse 40, D-37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Hafiza Nosheen Saleem
- Department of Cardiology and Pneumology, Heart Research Center, University Medical Center, 27177 Göttingen University , Robert-Koch-Strasse 40, D-37075 Göttingen, Germany
- Partner Site Göttingen, DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Robert-Koch-Strasse 40, D-37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Andreas Janshoff
- Institute for Physical Chemistry, Göttingen University, Tammannstraße 6, D-37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Michael Habeck
- Microscopic Image Analysis, 39065 Jena University Hospital , Kollegiengasse 10, D-07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Antje Ebert
- Department of Cardiology and Pneumology, Heart Research Center, University Medical Center, 27177 Göttingen University , Robert-Koch-Strasse 40, D-37075 Göttingen, Germany
- Partner Site Göttingen, DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Robert-Koch-Strasse 40, D-37075 Göttingen, Germany
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8
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Mukhopadhyay S, Dixit P, Khanom N, Sanghera G, McGurk KA. The Genetic Factors Influencing Cardiomyopathies and Heart Failure across the Allele Frequency Spectrum. J Cardiovasc Transl Res 2024:10.1007/s12265-024-10520-y. [PMID: 38771459 DOI: 10.1007/s12265-024-10520-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
Heart failure (HF) remains a major cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide. Understanding the genetic basis of HF allows for the development of disease-modifying therapies, more appropriate risk stratification, and personalised management of patients. The advent of next-generation sequencing has enabled genome-wide association studies; moving beyond rare variants identified in a Mendelian fashion and detecting common DNA variants associated with disease. We summarise the latest GWAS and rare variant data on mixed and refined HF aetiologies, and cardiomyopathies. We describe the recent understanding of the functional impact of titin variants and highlight FHOD3 as a novel cardiomyopathy-associated gene. We describe future directions of research in this field and how genetic data can be leveraged to improve the care of patients with HF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srinjay Mukhopadhyay
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, LMS Building, Hammersmith Campus, London, UK
- School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Wales, UK
| | - Prithvi Dixit
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, LMS Building, Hammersmith Campus, London, UK
| | - Najiyah Khanom
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, LMS Building, Hammersmith Campus, London, UK
| | - Gianluca Sanghera
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, LMS Building, Hammersmith Campus, London, UK
| | - Kathryn A McGurk
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, LMS Building, Hammersmith Campus, London, UK.
- MRC Laboratory of Medical Sciences, Imperial College London, London, UK.
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9
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Karimi E, Gohlke J, van der Borgh M, Lindqvist J, Hourani Z, Kolb J, Cossette S, Lawlor MW, Ottenheijm C, Granzier H. Characterization of NEB pathogenic variants in patients reveals novel nemaline myopathy disease mechanisms and omecamtiv mecarbil force effects. Acta Neuropathol 2024; 147:72. [PMID: 38634969 PMCID: PMC11026289 DOI: 10.1007/s00401-024-02726-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Revised: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
Nebulin, a critical protein of the skeletal muscle thin filament, plays important roles in physiological processes such as regulating thin filament length (TFL), cross-bridge cycling, and myofibril alignment. Pathogenic variants in the nebulin gene (NEB) cause NEB-based nemaline myopathy (NEM2), a genetically heterogeneous disorder characterized by hypotonia and muscle weakness, currently lacking curative therapies. In this study, we examined a cohort of ten NEM2 patients, each with unique pathogenic variants, aiming to understand their impact on mRNA, protein, and functional levels. Results show that pathogenic truncation variants affect NEB mRNA stability and lead to nonsense-mediated decay of the mutated transcript. Moreover, a high incidence of cryptic splice site activation was found in patients with pathogenic splicing variants that are expected to disrupt the actin-binding sites of nebulin. Determination of protein levels revealed patients with either relatively normal or markedly reduced nebulin. We observed a positive relation between the reduction in nebulin and a reduction in TFL, or reduction in tension (both maximal and submaximal tension). Interestingly, our study revealed a pathogenic duplication variant in nebulin that resulted in a four-copy gain in the triplicate region of NEB and a much larger nebulin protein and longer TFL. Additionally, we investigated the effect of Omecamtiv mecarbil (OM), a small-molecule activator of cardiac myosin, on force production of type 1 muscle fibers of NEM2 patients. OM treatment substantially increased submaximal tension across all NEM2 patients ranging from 87 to 318%, with the largest effects in patients with the lowest level of nebulin. In summary, this study indicates that post-transcriptional or post-translational mechanisms regulate nebulin expression. Moreover, we propose that the pathomechanism of NEM2 involves not only shortened but also elongated thin filaments, along with the disruption of actin-binding sites resulting from pathogenic splicing variants. Significantly, our findings highlight the potential of OM treatment to improve skeletal muscle function in NEM2 patients, especially those with large reductions in nebulin levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esmat Karimi
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Jochen Gohlke
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Mila van der Borgh
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Johan Lindqvist
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Zaynab Hourani
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Justin Kolb
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Stacy Cossette
- Department of Pathology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Michael W Lawlor
- Department of Pathology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
- Diverge Translational Science Laboratory, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Coen Ottenheijm
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
- Department of Physiology, Amsterdam UMC (Location VUMC), Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Henk Granzier
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA.
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10
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Akagi K, Baba S, Fujita H, Fuseya Y, Yoshinaga D, Kubota H, Kume E, Fukumura F, Matsuda K, Tanaka T, Hirata T, Saito MK, Iwai K, Takita J. HOIL-1L deficiency induces cell cycle alteration which causes immaturity of skeletal muscle and cardiomyocytes. Sci Rep 2024; 14:8871. [PMID: 38632277 PMCID: PMC11024103 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-57504-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
HOIL-1L deficiency was recently reported to be one of the causes of myopathy and dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM). However, the mechanisms by which myopathy and DCM develop have not been clearly elucidated. Here, we sought to elucidate these mechanisms using the murine myoblast cell line C2C12 and disease-specific human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs). Myotubes differentiated from HOIL-1L-KO C2C12 cells exhibited deteriorated differentiation and mitotic cell accumulation. CMs differentiated from patient-derived hiPSCs had an abnormal morphology with a larger size and were excessively multinucleated compared with CMs differentiated from control hiPSCs. Further analysis of hiPSC-derived CMs showed that HOIL-1L deficiency caused cell cycle alteration and mitotic cell accumulation. These results demonstrate that abnormal cell maturation possibly contribute to the development of myopathy and DCM. In conclusion, HOIL-1L is an important intrinsic regulator of cell cycle-related myotube and CM maturation and cell proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kentaro Akagi
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 54 Kawahara-cho, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto City, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Shiro Baba
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 54 Kawahara-cho, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto City, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan.
| | - Hiroaki Fujita
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Yoshidakonoe-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto City, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Fuseya
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Yoshidakonoe-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto City, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
| | - Daisuke Yoshinaga
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 54 Kawahara-cho, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto City, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Hirohito Kubota
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Yoshidakonoe-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto City, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
| | - Eitaro Kume
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 54 Kawahara-cho, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto City, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Fumiaki Fukumura
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 54 Kawahara-cho, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto City, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Koichi Matsuda
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 54 Kawahara-cho, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto City, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Takayuki Tanaka
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 54 Kawahara-cho, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto City, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Takuya Hirata
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 54 Kawahara-cho, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto City, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Megumu K Saito
- Department of Clinical Application, Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, 53 Kawahara-cho, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto City, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Iwai
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Yoshidakonoe-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto City, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
| | - Junko Takita
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 54 Kawahara-cho, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto City, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
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11
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Ghahremani S, Kanwal A, Pettinato A, Ladha F, Legere N, Thakar K, Zhu Y, Tjong H, Wilderman A, Stump WT, Greenberg L, Greenberg MJ, Cotney J, Wei CL, Hinson JT. CRISPR Activation Reverses Haploinsufficiency and Functional Deficits Caused by TTN Truncation Variants. Circulation 2024; 149:1285-1297. [PMID: 38235591 PMCID: PMC11031707 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.123.063972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND TTN truncation variants (TTNtvs) are the most common genetic lesion identified in individuals with dilated cardiomyopathy, a disease with high morbidity and mortality rates. TTNtvs reduce normal TTN (titin) protein levels, produce truncated proteins, and impair sarcomere content and function. Therapeutics targeting TTNtvs have been elusive because of the immense size of TTN, the rarity of specific TTNtvs, and incomplete knowledge of TTNtv pathogenicity. METHODS We adapted CRISPR activation using dCas9-VPR to functionally interrogate TTNtv pathogenicity and develop a therapeutic in human cardiomyocytes and 3-dimensional cardiac microtissues engineered from induced pluripotent stem cell models harboring a dilated cardiomyopathy-associated TTNtv. We performed guide RNA screening with custom TTN reporter assays, agarose gel electrophoresis to quantify TTN protein levels and isoforms, and RNA sequencing to identify molecular consequences of TTN activation. Cardiomyocyte epigenetic assays were also used to nominate DNA regulatory elements to enable cardiomyocyte-specific TTN activation. RESULTS CRISPR activation of TTN using single guide RNAs targeting either the TTN promoter or regulatory elements in spatial proximity to the TTN promoter through 3-dimensional chromatin interactions rescued TTN protein deficits disturbed by TTNtvs. Increasing TTN protein levels normalized sarcomere content and contractile function despite increasing truncated TTN protein. In addition to TTN transcripts, CRISPR activation also increased levels of myofibril assembly-related and sarcomere-related transcripts. CONCLUSIONS TTN CRISPR activation rescued TTNtv-related functional deficits despite increasing truncated TTN levels, which provides evidence to support haploinsufficiency as a relevant genetic mechanism underlying heterozygous TTNtvs. CRISPR activation could be developed as a therapeutic to treat a large proportion of TTNtvs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Aditya Kanwal
- The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, CT 06032, USA
| | - Anthony Pettinato
- Cardiology Center, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06030, USA
| | - Feria Ladha
- Cardiology Center, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06030, USA
| | - Nicholas Legere
- The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, CT 06032, USA
| | - Ketan Thakar
- The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, CT 06032, USA
| | - Yanfen Zhu
- The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, CT 06032, USA
| | - Harianto Tjong
- The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, CT 06032, USA
| | - Andrea Wilderman
- Cardiology Center, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06030, USA
| | - W. Tom Stump
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Lina Greenberg
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Michael J. Greenberg
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Justin Cotney
- Cardiology Center, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06030, USA
| | - Chia-Lin Wei
- The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, CT 06032, USA
| | - J. Travis Hinson
- The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, CT 06032, USA
- Cardiology Center, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06030, USA
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12
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Zhu P, Li J, Yan F, Islam S, Lin X, Xu X. Allelic heterogeneity of TTNtv dilated cardiomyopathy can be modeled in adult zebrafish. JCI Insight 2024; 9:e175501. [PMID: 38412038 PMCID: PMC11128207 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.175501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Allelic heterogeneity (AH) has been noted in truncational TTN-associated (TTNtv-associated) dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM); i.e., mutations affecting A-band-encoding exons are pathogenic, but those affecting Z-disc-encoding exons are likely benign. The lack of an in vivo animal model that recapitulates AH hinders the deciphering of the underlying mechanism. Here, we explored zebrafish as a candidate vertebrate model by phenotyping a collection of zebrafish ttntv alleles. We noted that cardiac function and sarcomere structure were more severely disrupted in ttntv-A than in ttntv-Z homozygous embryos. Consistently, cardiomyopathy-like phenotypes were present in ttntv-A but not ttntv-Z adult heterozygous mutants. The phenotypes observed in ttntv-A alleles were recapitulated in null mutants with the full titin-encoding sequences removed. Defective autophagic flux, largely due to impaired autophagosome-lysosome fusion, was also noted only in ttntv-A but not in ttntv-Z models. Moreover, we found that genetic manipulation of ulk1a restored autophagy flux and rescued cardiac dysfunction in ttntv-A animals. Together, our findings presented adult zebrafish as an in vivo animal model for studying AH in TTNtv DCM, demonstrated TTN loss of function is sufficient to trigger ttntv DCM in zebrafish, and uncovered ulk1a as a potential therapeutic target gene for TTNtv DCM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Zhu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Jiarong Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Feixiang Yan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Shahidul Islam
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Xueying Lin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Xiaolei Xu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
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13
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Kieda J, Shakeri A, Landau S, Wang EY, Zhao Y, Lai BF, Okhovatian S, Wang Y, Jiang R, Radisic M. Advances in cardiac tissue engineering and heart-on-a-chip. J Biomed Mater Res A 2024; 112:492-511. [PMID: 37909362 PMCID: PMC11213712 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.37633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Abstract
Recent advances in both cardiac tissue engineering and hearts-on-a-chip are grounded in new biomaterial development as well as the employment of innovative fabrication techniques that enable precise control of the mechanical, electrical, and structural properties of the cardiac tissues being modelled. The elongated structure of cardiomyocytes requires tuning of substrate properties and application of biophysical stimuli to drive its mature phenotype. Landmark advances have already been achieved with induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiac patches that advanced to human testing. Heart-on-a-chip platforms are now commonly used by a number of pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies. Here, we provide an overview of cardiac physiology in order to better define the requirements for functional tissue recapitulation. We then discuss the biomaterials most commonly used in both cardiac tissue engineering and heart-on-a-chip, followed by the discussion of recent representative studies in both fields. We outline significant challenges common to both fields, specifically: scalable tissue fabrication and platform standardization, improving cellular fidelity through effective tissue vascularization, achieving adult tissue maturation, and ultimately developing cryopreservation protocols so that the tissues are available off the shelf.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Kieda
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Terrence Donnelly Centre for Cellular & Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Amid Shakeri
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Terrence Donnelly Centre for Cellular & Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Shira Landau
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Terrence Donnelly Centre for Cellular & Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Erika Yan Wang
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Yimu Zhao
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Benjamin Fook Lai
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Terrence Donnelly Centre for Cellular & Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sargol Okhovatian
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Terrence Donnelly Centre for Cellular & Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ying Wang
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Terrence Donnelly Centre for Cellular & Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Richard Jiang
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Terrence Donnelly Centre for Cellular & Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Milica Radisic
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Terrence Donnelly Centre for Cellular & Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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14
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Skriver SV, Krett B, Poulsen NS, Krag T, Walas HR, Christensen AH, Bundgaard H, Vissing J, Vissing CR. Skeletal Muscle Involvement in Patients With Truncations of Titin and Familial Dilated Cardiomyopathy. JACC. HEART FAILURE 2024; 12:740-753. [PMID: 37999665 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchf.2023.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Revised: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Genetic variants in titin (TTN) are associated with dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) and skeletal myopathy. However, the skeletal muscle phenotype in individuals carrying heterozygous truncating TTN variants (TTNtv), the leading cause of DCM, is understudied. OBJECTIVES This study aimed to assess the skeletal muscle phenotype associated with TTNtv. METHODS Participants with TTNtv were included in a cross-sectional study. Skeletal muscle fat fraction was evaluated by magnetic resonance imaging (compared with healthy controls and controls with non-TTNtv DCM). Muscle strength was evaluated by dynamometry and muscle biopsy specimens were analyzed. RESULTS Twenty-five TTNtv participants (11 women, mean age 51 ± 15 years, left ventricular ejection fraction 45% ± 10%) were included (19 had DCM). Compared to healthy controls (n = 25), fat fraction was higher in calf (12.5% vs 9.9%, P = 0.013), thigh (12.2% vs 9.3%, P = 0.004), and paraspinal muscles (18.8% vs 13.9%, P = 0.008) of TTNtv participants. Linear mixed effects modelling found higher fat fractions in TTNtv participants compared to healthy controls (2.5%; 95% CI: 1.4-3.7; P < 0.001) and controls with non-TTNtv genetic DCM (n = 7) (1.5%; 95% CI: 0.2-2.8; P = 0.025). Muscle strength was within 1 SD of normal values. Biopsy specimens from 21 participants found myopathic features in 13 (62%), including central nuclei. Electron microscopy showed well-ordered Z-lines and T-tubuli but uneven and discontinuous M-lines and excessive glycogen depositions flanked by autophagosomes, lysosomes, and abnormal mitochondria with mitophagy. CONCLUSIONS Mild skeletal muscle involvement was prevalent in patients with TTNtv. The phenotype was characterized by an increased muscle fat fraction and excessive accumulation of glycogen, possibly due to reduced autophagic flux. These findings indicate an impact of TTNtv beyond the heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofie Vinther Skriver
- Copenhagen Neuromuscular Center, Department of Neurology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Bjørg Krett
- Copenhagen Neuromuscular Center, Department of Neurology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Nanna Scharf Poulsen
- Copenhagen Neuromuscular Center, Department of Neurology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Thomas Krag
- Copenhagen Neuromuscular Center, Department of Neurology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Helle Rudkjær Walas
- Copenhagen Neuromuscular Center, Department of Neurology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Alex Hørby Christensen
- Department of Cardiology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Cardiology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev-Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Henning Bundgaard
- Department of Cardiology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - John Vissing
- Copenhagen Neuromuscular Center, Department of Neurology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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15
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Min S, Kim S, Sim WS, Choi YS, Joo H, Park JH, Lee SJ, Kim H, Lee MJ, Jeong I, Cui B, Jo SH, Kim JJ, Hong SB, Choi YJ, Ban K, Kim YG, Park JU, Lee HA, Park HJ, Cho SW. Versatile human cardiac tissues engineered with perfusable heart extracellular microenvironment for biomedical applications. Nat Commun 2024; 15:2564. [PMID: 38519491 PMCID: PMC10960018 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-46928-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Engineered human cardiac tissues have been utilized for various biomedical applications, including drug testing, disease modeling, and regenerative medicine. However, the applications of cardiac tissues derived from human pluripotent stem cells are often limited due to their immaturity and lack of functionality. Therefore, in this study, we establish a perfusable culture system based on in vivo-like heart microenvironments to improve human cardiac tissue fabrication. The integrated culture platform of a microfluidic chip and a three-dimensional heart extracellular matrix enhances human cardiac tissue development and their structural and functional maturation. These tissues are comprised of cardiovascular lineage cells, including cardiomyocytes and cardiac fibroblasts derived from human induced pluripotent stem cells, as well as vascular endothelial cells. The resultant macroscale human cardiac tissues exhibit improved efficacy in drug testing (small molecules with various levels of arrhythmia risk), disease modeling (Long QT Syndrome and cardiac fibrosis), and regenerative therapy (myocardial infarction treatment). Therefore, our culture system can serve as a highly effective tissue-engineering platform to provide human cardiac tissues for versatile biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sungjin Min
- Department of Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Suran Kim
- Department of Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
- Cellartgen, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Woo-Sup Sim
- Department of Biomedicine & Health Sciences, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, 06591, Republic of Korea
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, 06591, Republic of Korea
| | - Yi Sun Choi
- Department of Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyebin Joo
- Department of Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Hyun Park
- Department of Biomedicine & Health Sciences, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, 06591, Republic of Korea
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, 06591, Republic of Korea
| | - Su-Jin Lee
- Department of Predictive Toxicology, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Daejeon, 34114, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeok Kim
- Department of Biomedicine & Health Sciences, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, 06591, Republic of Korea
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, 06591, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi Jeong Lee
- Department of Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Inhea Jeong
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Baofang Cui
- Department of Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Hyun Jo
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Soongsil University, Seoul, 06978, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Ju Kim
- Department of Biomedicine & Health Sciences, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, 06591, Republic of Korea
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, 06591, Republic of Korea
| | - Seok Beom Hong
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, 06591, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeon-Jik Choi
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Eunpyeong St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, 03312, Republic of Korea
| | - Kiwon Ban
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, 999077, Hong Kong
| | - Yun-Gon Kim
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Soongsil University, Seoul, 06978, Republic of Korea
| | - Jang-Ung Park
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
- Center for Nanomedicine, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
- Graduate Program of Nano Biomedical Engineering (NanoBME), Advanced Science Institute, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyang-Ae Lee
- Department of Predictive Toxicology, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Daejeon, 34114, Republic of Korea
| | - Hun-Jun Park
- Department of Biomedicine & Health Sciences, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, 06591, Republic of Korea.
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, 06591, Republic of Korea.
- Cell Death Disease Research Center, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, 06591, Republic of Korea.
| | - Seung-Woo Cho
- Department of Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea.
- Cellartgen, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea.
- Center for Nanomedicine, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea.
- Graduate Program of Nano Biomedical Engineering (NanoBME), Advanced Science Institute, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea.
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16
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Garg A, Lavine KJ, Greenberg MJ. Assessing Cardiac Contractility From Single Molecules to Whole Hearts. JACC Basic Transl Sci 2024; 9:414-439. [PMID: 38559627 PMCID: PMC10978360 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacbts.2023.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Revised: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Fundamentally, the heart needs to generate sufficient force and power output to dynamically meet the needs of the body. Cardiomyocytes contain specialized structures referred to as sarcomeres that power and regulate contraction. Disruption of sarcomeric function or regulation impairs contractility and leads to cardiomyopathies and heart failure. Basic, translational, and clinical studies have adapted numerous methods to assess cardiac contraction in a variety of pathophysiological contexts. These tools measure aspects of cardiac contraction at different scales ranging from single molecules to whole organisms. Moreover, these studies have revealed new pathogenic mechanisms of heart disease leading to the development of novel therapies targeting contractility. In this review, the authors explore the breadth of tools available for studying cardiac contractile function across scales, discuss their strengths and limitations, highlight new insights into cardiac physiology and pathophysiology, and describe how these insights can be harnessed for therapeutic candidate development and translational.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankit Garg
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
- Center for Cardiovascular Research, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Kory J. Lavine
- Center for Cardiovascular Research, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Michael J. Greenberg
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
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17
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Butler D, Reyes DR. Heart-on-a-chip systems: disease modeling and drug screening applications. LAB ON A CHIP 2024; 24:1494-1528. [PMID: 38318723 DOI: 10.1039/d3lc00829k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death worldwide, casting a substantial economic footprint and burdening the global healthcare system. Historically, pre-clinical CVD modeling and therapeutic screening have been performed using animal models. Unfortunately, animal models oftentimes fail to adequately mimic human physiology, leading to a poor translation of therapeutics from pre-clinical trials to consumers. Even those that make it to market can be removed due to unforeseen side effects. As such, there exists a clinical, technological, and economical need for systems that faithfully capture human (patho)physiology for modeling CVD, assessing cardiotoxicity, and evaluating drug efficacy. Heart-on-a-chip (HoC) systems are a part of the broader organ-on-a-chip paradigm that leverages microfluidics, tissue engineering, microfabrication, electronics, and gene editing to create human-relevant models for studying disease, drug-induced side effects, and therapeutic efficacy. These compact systems can be capable of real-time measurements and on-demand characterization of tissue behavior and could revolutionize the drug development process. In this review, we highlight the key components that comprise a HoC system followed by a review of contemporary reports of their use in disease modeling, drug toxicity and efficacy assessment, and as part of multi-organ-on-a-chip platforms. We also discuss future perspectives and challenges facing the field, including a discussion on the role that standardization is expected to play in accelerating the widespread adoption of these platforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Derrick Butler
- Microsystems and Nanotechnology Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA.
| | - Darwin R Reyes
- Microsystems and Nanotechnology Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA.
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18
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Wu Y, Kong XJ, Ji YY, Fan J, Chen XM, Ji CC, Cheng YJ, Wu SH. Correction of I to in human induced pluripotent stem Cell-derived cardiomyocyte carrying DPP6 mutation in early repolarization syndrome by CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing. Exp Cell Res 2024; 435:113929. [PMID: 38272106 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2024.113929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
Early repolarization syndrome (ERS) is defined as occurring in patients with early repolarization pattern who have survived idiopathic ventricular fibrillation with clinical evaluation unrevealing for other explanations. The pathophysiologic basis of the ERS is currently uncertain. The objective of the present study was to examine the electrophysiological mechanism of ERS utilizing induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) and CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing. Whole genome sequencing was used to identify the DPP6 (c.2561T > C/p.L854P) variant in four families with sudden cardiac arrest induced by ERS. Cardiomyocytes were generated from iPSCs from a 14-year-old boy in the four families with ERS and an unrelated healthy control subject. Patch clamp recordings revealed more significant prolongation of the action potential duration (APD) and increased transient outward potassium current (Ito) (103.97 ± 18.73 pA/pF vs 44.36 ± 16.54 pA/pF at +70 mV, P < 0.05) in ERS cardiomyocytes compared with control cardiomyocytes. Of note, the selective correction of the causal variant in iPSC-derived cardiomyocytes using CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing normalized the Ito, whereas prolongation of the APD remained unchanged. ERS cardiomyocytes carrying DPP6 mutation increased Ito and lengthen APD, which maybe lay the electrophysiological foundation of ERS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Wu
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Assisted Circulation, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Xiang-Jun Kong
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Assisted Circulation, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ying-Ying Ji
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Assisted Circulation, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jun Fan
- Department of Cardiology, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xu-Miao Chen
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Cheng-Cheng Ji
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Assisted Circulation, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Yun-Jiu Cheng
- Department of Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Su-Hua Wu
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Assisted Circulation, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China.
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19
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Hinson JT, Campbell SG. TTN truncation variants produce sarcomere-integrating proteins of uncertain functional significance. J Clin Invest 2024; 134:e175206. [PMID: 38226618 PMCID: PMC10786689 DOI: 10.1172/jci175206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Titin (TTN) is one of the largest and most complex proteins expressed in humans, and truncation variants are the most prevalent genetic lesion identified in individuals with dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) or other disorders of impaired cardiac contractility. Two reports in this issue of the JCI shed light on a potential mechanism involving truncated TTN sarcomere integration and the potential for disruption of sarcomere structural integrity. Kellermayer, Tordai, and colleagues confirmed the presence of truncated TTN protein in human DCM samples. McAfee and authors developed a patient-specific TTN antibody to study truncated TTN subcellular localization and to explore its functional consequences. A "poison peptide" mechanism emerges that inspires alternative therapeutic approaches while opening new lines for inquiry, such as the role of haploinsufficiency of full-length TTN protein, mechanisms explaining sarcomere dysfunction, and explanations for variable penetrance.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. Travis Hinson
- The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, Connecticut, USA
- Cardiology Center, UConn Health, Farmington, Connecticut, USA
| | - Stuart G. Campbell
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
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20
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Kellermayer D, Tordai H, Kiss B, Török G, Péter DM, Sayour AA, Pólos M, Hartyánszky I, Szilveszter B, Labeit S, Gángó A, Bedics G, Bödör C, Radovits T, Merkely B, Kellermayer MS. Truncated titin is structurally integrated into the human dilated cardiomyopathic sarcomere. J Clin Invest 2024; 134:e169753. [PMID: 37962957 PMCID: PMC10763722 DOI: 10.1172/jci169753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Heterozygous (HET) truncating variant mutations in the TTN gene (TTNtvs), encoding the giant titin protein, are the most common genetic cause of dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM). However, the molecular mechanisms by which TTNtv mutations induce DCM are controversial. Here, we studied 127 clinically identified DCM human cardiac samples with next-generation sequencing (NGS), high-resolution gel electrophoresis, Western blot analysis, and super-resolution microscopy in order to dissect the structural and functional consequences of TTNtv mutations. The occurrence of TTNtv was found to be 15% in the DCM cohort. Truncated titin proteins matching, by molecular weight, the gene sequence predictions were detected in the majority of the TTNtv+ samples. Full-length titin was reduced in TTNtv+ compared with TTNtv- samples. Proteomics analysis of washed myofibrils and stimulated emission depletion (STED) super-resolution microscopy of myocardial sarcomeres labeled with sequence-specific anti-titin antibodies revealed that truncated titin was structurally integrated into the sarcomere. Sarcomere length-dependent anti-titin epitope position, shape, and intensity analyses pointed at possible structural defects in the I/A junction and the M-band of TTNtv+ sarcomeres, which probably contribute, possibly via faulty mechanosensor function, to the development of manifest DCM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dalma Kellermayer
- Heart and Vascular Center
- Department of Biophysics and Radiation Biology, and
- 1st Department of Pathology and Experimental Cancer Research, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | | | - Balázs Kiss
- Department of Biophysics and Radiation Biology, and
| | - György Török
- Department of Biophysics and Radiation Biology, and
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Siegfried Labeit
- DZHK Partnersite Mannheim-Heidelberg, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Ambrus Gángó
- 1st Department of Pathology and Experimental Cancer Research, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Gábor Bedics
- 1st Department of Pathology and Experimental Cancer Research, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Csaba Bödör
- 1st Department of Pathology and Experimental Cancer Research, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
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21
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Rossler KJ, de Lange WJ, Mann MW, Aballo TJ, Melby JA, Zhang J, Kim G, Bayne EF, Zhu Y, Farrell ET, Kamp TJ, Ralphe JC, Ge Y. Lactate- and immunomagnetic-purified hiPSC-derived cardiomyocytes generate comparable engineered cardiac tissue constructs. JCI Insight 2024; 9:e172168. [PMID: 37988170 PMCID: PMC10906451 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.172168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Three-dimensional engineered cardiac tissue (ECT) using purified human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (hiPSC-CMs) has emerged as an appealing model system for the study of human cardiac biology and disease. A recent study reported widely used metabolic (lactate) purification of monolayer hiPSC-CM cultures results in an ischemic cardiomyopathy-like phenotype compared with magnetic antibody-based cell sorting (MACS) purification, complicating the interpretation of studies using lactate-purified hiPSC-CMs. Herein, our objective was to determine if use of lactate relative to MACS-purified hiPSC-CMs affects the properties of resulting hiPSC-ECTs. Therefore, hiPSC-CMs were differentiated and purified using either lactate-based media or MACS. Global proteomics revealed that lactate-purified hiPSC-CMs displayed a differential phenotype over MACS hiPSC-CMs. hiPSC-CMs were then integrated into 3D hiPSC-ECTs and cultured for 4 weeks. Structurally, there was no significant difference in sarcomere length between lactate and MACS hiPSC-ECTs. Assessment of isometric twitch force and Ca2+ transient measurements revealed similar functional performance between purification methods. High-resolution mass spectrometry-based quantitative proteomics showed no significant difference in protein pathway expression or myofilament proteoforms. Taken together, this study demonstrates that lactate- and MACS-purified hiPSC-CMs generate ECTs with comparable structural, functional, and proteomic features, and it suggests that lactate purification does not result in an irreversible change in a hiPSC-CM phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kalina J. Rossler
- Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology Training Program
- Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology
| | | | | | - Timothy J. Aballo
- Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology Training Program
- Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology
| | | | | | | | | | - Yanlong Zhu
- Human Proteomics Program, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | | | - Timothy J. Kamp
- Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology
- Department of Medicine
| | | | - Ying Ge
- Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology
- Department of Chemistry, and
- Human Proteomics Program, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
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22
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Martinez-Martin I, Crousilles A, Ochoa JP, Velazquez-Carreras D, Mortensen SA, Herrero-Galan E, Delgado J, Dominguez F, Garcia-Pavia P, de Sancho D, Wilmanns M, Alegre-Cebollada J. Titin domains with reduced core hydrophobicity cause dilated cardiomyopathy. Cell Rep 2023; 42:113490. [PMID: 38052212 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.113490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Revised: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The underlying genetic defect in most cases of dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM), a common inherited heart disease, remains unknown. Intriguingly, many patients carry single missense variants of uncertain pathogenicity targeting the giant protein titin, a fundamental sarcomere component. To explore the deleterious potential of these variants, we first solved the wild-type and mutant crystal structures of I21, the titin domain targeted by pathogenic variant p.C3575S. Although both structures are remarkably similar, the reduced hydrophobicity of deeply buried position 3575 strongly destabilizes the mutant domain, a scenario supported by molecular dynamics simulations and by biochemical assays that show no disulfide involving C3575. Prompted by these observations, we have found that thousands of similar hydrophobicity-reducing variants associate specifically with DCM. Hence, our results imply that titin domain destabilization causes DCM, a conceptual framework that not only informs pathogenicity assessment of gene variants but also points to therapeutic strategies counterbalancing protein destabilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ines Martinez-Martin
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), 28029 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Audrey Crousilles
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Hamburg Unit, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Juan Pablo Ochoa
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), 28029 Madrid, Spain; Heart Failure and Inherited Cardiac Diseases Unit, Department of Cardiology, Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro Majadahonda, IDIPHIM, CIBERCV, 28222 Madrid, Spain; Health in Code, 15008 A Coruña, Spain
| | | | - Simon A Mortensen
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Hamburg Unit, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Elias Herrero-Galan
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier Delgado
- Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Fernando Dominguez
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), 28029 Madrid, Spain; Heart Failure and Inherited Cardiac Diseases Unit, Department of Cardiology, Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro Majadahonda, IDIPHIM, CIBERCV, 28222 Madrid, Spain
| | - Pablo Garcia-Pavia
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), 28029 Madrid, Spain; Heart Failure and Inherited Cardiac Diseases Unit, Department of Cardiology, Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro Majadahonda, IDIPHIM, CIBERCV, 28222 Madrid, Spain
| | - David de Sancho
- Polimero eta Material Aurreratuak: Fisika, Kimika eta Teknologia, Kimika Fakultatea, UPV/EHU, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastian, Euskadi, Spain; Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC), 20018 Donostia-San Sebastian, Euskadi, Spain
| | - Matthias Wilmanns
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Hamburg Unit, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
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23
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Karimi E, van der Borgh M, Lindqvist J, Gohlke J, Hourani Z, Kolb J, Cossette S, Lawlor MW, Ottenheijm C, Granzier H. Characterization of NEB mutations in patients reveals novel nemaline myopathy disease mechanisms and omecamtiv mecarbil force effects. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.12.20.572678. [PMID: 38187705 PMCID: PMC10769406 DOI: 10.1101/2023.12.20.572678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
Nebulin, a critical protein of the skeletal muscle thin filament, plays important roles in physiological processes such as regulating thin filament length (TFL), cross-bridge cycling, and myofibril alignment. Mutations in the nebulin gene ( NEB ) cause NEB-based nemaline myopathy (NEM2), a genetically heterogeneous disorder characterized by hypotonia and muscle weakness, currently lacking therapies targeting the underlying pathological mechanisms. In this study, we examined a cohort of ten NEM2 patients, each with unique mutations, aiming to understand their impact on mRNA, protein, and functional levels. Results show that truncation mutations affect NEB mRNA stability and lead to nonsense-mediated decay of the mutated transcript. Moreover, a high incidence of cryptic splice site activation was found in patients with splicing mutations which is expected to disrupt the actin-binding sites of nebulin. Determination of protein levels revealed patients with relatively normal nebulin levels and others with markedly reduced nebulin. We observed a positive relation between the reduction in nebulin and a reduction in TFL, and a positive relation between the reduction in nebulin level and the reduction in tension (both maximal and submaximal tension). Interestingly, our study revealed a duplication mutation in nebulin that resulted in a larger nebulin protein and longer TFL. Additionally, we investigated the effect of Omecamtiv mecarbil (OM), a small-molecule activator of cardiac myosin, on force production of type I muscle fibers of NEM2 patients. OM treatment substantially increased submaximal tension across all NEM2 patients ranging from 87-318%, with the largest effects in patients with the lowest level of nebulin. In summary, this study indicates that post-transcriptional or post-translational mechanisms regulate nebulin expression. Moreover, we propose that the pathomechanism of NEM2 involves not only shortened but also elongated thin filaments, along with the disruption of actin-binding sites resulting from splicing mutations. Significantly, our findings highlight the potential of OM treatment to improve skeletal muscle function in NEM2 patients, especially those with large reductions in nebulin levels.
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24
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Liew LC, Poh BM, An O, Ho BX, Lim CYY, Pang JKS, Beh LY, Yang HH, Soh BS. JAK2 as a surface marker for enrichment of human pluripotent stem cells-derived ventricular cardiomyocytes. Stem Cell Res Ther 2023; 14:367. [PMID: 38093391 PMCID: PMC10720068 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-023-03610-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human pluripotent stem cell (hPSC)-derived cardiomyocytes (CMs) hold great promise for cardiac disease modelling, drug discovery and regenerative medicine. Despite the advancement in various differentiation protocols, the heterogeneity of the generated population composed of diverse cardiac subtypes poses a significant challenge to their practical applications. Mixed populations of cardiac subtypes can compromise disease modelling and drug discovery, while transplanting them may lead to undesired arrhythmias as they may not integrate and synchronize with the host tissue's contractility. It is therefore crucial to identify cell surface markers that could enable high purity of ventricular CMs for subsequent applications. METHODS By exploiting the fact that immature CMs expressing myosin light chain 2A (MLC2A) will gradually express myosin light chain 2 V (MLC2V) protein as they mature towards ventricular fate, we isolated signal regulatory protein alpha (SIRPA)-positive CMs expressing intracellular MLC2A or MLC2V using MARIS (method for analysing RNA following intracellular sorting). Subsequently, RNA sequencing analysis was performed to examine the gene expression profile of MLC2A + and MLC2V + sorted CMs. We identified genes that were significantly up-regulated in MLC2V + samples to be potential surface marker candidates for ventricular specification. To validate these surface markers, we performed immunostaining and western blot analysis to measure MLC2A and MLC2V protein expressions in SIRPA + CMs that were either positive or negative for the putative surface markers, JAK2 (Janus kinase 2) or CD200. We then characterized the electrophysiological properties of surface marker-sorted CMs, using fluo-4 AM, a green-fluorescent calcium indicator, to measure the cellular calcium transient at the single cell level. For functional validation, we investigated the response of the surface marker-sorted CMs to vernakalant, an atrial-selective anti-arrhythmic agent. RESULTS In this study, while JAK2 and CD200 were identified as potential surface markers for the purification of ventricular-like CMs, the SIRPA+/JAK2+ population showed a higher percentage of MLC2V-expressing cells (~ 90%) compared to SIRPA+/CD200+ population (~ 75%). SIRPA+/JAK2+ sorted CMs exhibited ventricular-like electrophysiological properties, including slower beating rate, slower calcium depolarization and longer calcium repolarization duration. Importantly, vernakalant had limited to no significant effect on the calcium repolarization duration of SIRPA+/JAK2+ population, indicating their enrichment for ventricular-like CMs. CONCLUSION Our study lays the groundwork for the identification of cardiac subtype surface markers that allow purification of cardiomyocyte sub-populations. Our findings suggest that JAK2 can be employed as a cell surface marker for enrichment of hPSC-derived ventricular-like CMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lee Chuen Liew
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 61 Biopolis Drive, Proteos, Singapore, 138673, Republic of Singapore
| | - Boon Min Poh
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 61 Biopolis Drive, Proteos, Singapore, 138673, Republic of Singapore
| | - Omer An
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117599, Republic of Singapore
| | - Beatrice Xuan Ho
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 61 Biopolis Drive, Proteos, Singapore, 138673, Republic of Singapore
| | - Christina Ying Yan Lim
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 61 Biopolis Drive, Proteos, Singapore, 138673, Republic of Singapore
| | - Jeremy Kah Sheng Pang
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 61 Biopolis Drive, Proteos, Singapore, 138673, Republic of Singapore
| | - Leslie Y Beh
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 61 Biopolis Drive, Proteos, Singapore, 138673, Republic of Singapore
| | - Henry He Yang
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117599, Republic of Singapore
| | - Boon-Seng Soh
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 61 Biopolis Drive, Proteos, Singapore, 138673, Republic of Singapore.
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117543, Republic of Singapore.
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25
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Wang S, Zhang Z, He J, Liu J, Guo X, Chu H, Xu H, Wang Y. Comprehensive review on gene mutations contributing to dilated cardiomyopathy. Front Cardiovasc Med 2023; 10:1296389. [PMID: 38107262 PMCID: PMC10722203 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2023.1296389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) is one of the most common primary myocardial diseases. However, to this day, it remains an enigmatic cardiovascular disease (CVD) characterized by ventricular dilatation, which leads to myocardial contractile dysfunction. It is the most common cause of chronic congestive heart failure and the most frequent indication for heart transplantation in young individuals. Genetics and various other factors play significant roles in the progression of dilated cardiomyopathy, and variants in more than 50 genes have been associated with the disease. However, the etiology of a large number of cases remains elusive. Numerous studies have been conducted on the genetic causes of dilated cardiomyopathy. These genetic studies suggest that mutations in genes for fibronectin, cytoskeletal proteins, and myosin in cardiomyocytes play a key role in the development of DCM. In this review, we provide a comprehensive description of the genetic basis, mechanisms, and research advances in genes that have been strongly associated with DCM based on evidence-based medicine. We also emphasize the important role of gene sequencing in therapy for potential early diagnosis and improved clinical management of DCM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shipeng Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Zhiyu Zhang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second People's Hospital of Yibin, Yibin, China
| | - Jiahuan He
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Junqian Liu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xia Guo
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Haoxuan Chu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Hanchi Xu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yushi Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
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26
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Neininger-Castro AC, Hayes JB, Sanchez ZC, Taneja N, Fenix AM, Moparthi S, Vassilopoulos S, Burnette DT. Independent regulation of Z-lines and M-lines during sarcomere assembly in cardiac myocytes revealed by the automatic image analysis software sarcApp. eLife 2023; 12:RP87065. [PMID: 37921850 PMCID: PMC10624428 DOI: 10.7554/elife.87065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Sarcomeres are the basic contractile units within cardiac myocytes, and the collective shortening of sarcomeres aligned along myofibrils generates the force driving the heartbeat. The alignment of the individual sarcomeres is important for proper force generation, and misaligned sarcomeres are associated with diseases, including cardiomyopathies and COVID-19. The actin bundling protein, α-actinin-2, localizes to the 'Z-Bodies" of sarcomere precursors and the 'Z-Lines' of sarcomeres, and has been used previously to assess sarcomere assembly and maintenance. Previous measurements of α-actinin-2 organization have been largely accomplished manually, which is time-consuming and has hampered research progress. Here, we introduce sarcApp, an image analysis tool that quantifies several components of the cardiac sarcomere and their alignment in muscle cells and tissue. We first developed sarcApp to utilize deep learning-based segmentation and real space quantification to measure α-actinin-2 structures and determine the organization of both precursors and sarcomeres/myofibrils. We then expanded sarcApp to analyze 'M-Lines' using the localization of myomesin and a protein that connects the Z-Lines to the M-Line (titin). sarcApp produces 33 distinct measurements per cell and 24 per myofibril that allow for precise quantification of changes in sarcomeres, myofibrils, and their precursors. We validated this system with perturbations to sarcomere assembly. We found perturbations that affected Z-Lines and M-Lines differently, suggesting that they may be regulated independently during sarcomere assembly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abigail C Neininger-Castro
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine Basic SciencesNashvilleUnited States
| | - James B Hayes
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine Basic SciencesNashvilleUnited States
| | - Zachary C Sanchez
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine Basic SciencesNashvilleUnited States
| | - Nilay Taneja
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine Basic SciencesNashvilleUnited States
| | - Aidan M Fenix
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine Basic SciencesNashvilleUnited States
| | - Satish Moparthi
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Institut de Myologie, Centre de Recherche en MyologieParisFrance
| | - Stéphane Vassilopoulos
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Institut de Myologie, Centre de Recherche en MyologieParisFrance
| | - Dylan Tyler Burnette
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine Basic SciencesNashvilleUnited States
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Palmieri G, D’Ambrosio MF, Correale M, Brunetti ND, Santacroce R, Iacoviello M, Margaglione M. The Role of Genetics in the Management of Heart Failure Patients. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15221. [PMID: 37894902 PMCID: PMC10607512 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242015221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Revised: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the last decades, the relevance of genetics in cardiovascular diseases has expanded, especially in the context of cardiomyopathies. Its relevance extends to the management of patients diagnosed with heart failure (HF), given its capacity to provide invaluable insights into the etiology of cardiomyopathies and identify individuals at a heightened risk of poor outcomes. Notably, the identification of an etiological genetic variant necessitates a comprehensive evaluation of the family lineage of the affected patients. In the future, these genetic variants hold potential as therapeutic targets with the capability to modify gene expression. In this complex setting, collaboration among cardiologists, specifically those specializing in cardiomyopathies and HF, and geneticists becomes paramount to improving individual and family health outcomes, as well as therapeutic clinical results. This review is intended to offer geneticists and cardiologists an updated perspective on the value of genetic research in HF and its implications in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianpaolo Palmieri
- School of Cardiology, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, 70122 Foggia, Italy; (G.P.); (M.C.); (N.D.B.)
| | - Maria Francesca D’Ambrosio
- Medical Genetics, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, 70122 Foggia, Italy; (M.F.D.); (R.S.); (M.M.)
| | - Michele Correale
- School of Cardiology, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, 70122 Foggia, Italy; (G.P.); (M.C.); (N.D.B.)
| | - Natale Daniele Brunetti
- School of Cardiology, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, 70122 Foggia, Italy; (G.P.); (M.C.); (N.D.B.)
| | - Rosa Santacroce
- Medical Genetics, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, 70122 Foggia, Italy; (M.F.D.); (R.S.); (M.M.)
| | - Massimo Iacoviello
- University Cardiology Unit, Polyclinic Hospital of Bari, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Maurizio Margaglione
- Medical Genetics, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, 70122 Foggia, Italy; (M.F.D.); (R.S.); (M.M.)
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Neininger-Castro AC, Hayes JB, Sanchez ZC, Taneja N, Fenix AM, Moparthi S, Vassilopoulos S, Burnette DT. Independent regulation of Z-lines and M-lines during sarcomere assembly in cardiac myocytes revealed by the automatic image analysis software sarcApp. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.01.11.523681. [PMID: 36711995 PMCID: PMC9882215 DOI: 10.1101/2023.01.11.523681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Sarcomeres are the basic contractile units within cardiac myocytes, and the collective shortening of sarcomeres aligned along myofibrils generates the force driving the heartbeat. The alignment of the individual sarcomeres is important for proper force generation, and misaligned sarcomeres are associated with diseases including cardiomyopathies and COVID-19. The actin bundling protein, α-actinin-2, localizes to the "Z-Bodies" of sarcomere precursors and the "Z-Lines" of sarcomeres, and has been used previously to assess sarcomere assembly and maintenance. Previous measurements of α-actinin-2 organization have been largely accomplished manually, which is time-consuming and has hampered research progress. Here, we introduce sarcApp, an image analysis tool that quantifies several components of the cardiac sarcomere and their alignment in muscle cells and tissue. We first developed sarcApp to utilize deep learning-based segmentation and real space quantification to measure α-actinin-2 structures and determine the organization of both precursors and sarcomeres/myofibrils. We then expanded sarcApp to analyze "M-Lines" using the localization of myomesin and a protein that connects the Z-Lines to the M-Line (titin). sarcApp produces 33 distinct measurements per cell and 24 per myofibril that allow for precise quantification of changes in sarcomeres, myofibrils, and their precursors. We validated this system with perturbations to sarcomere assembly. We found perturbations that affected Z-Lines and M-Lines differently, suggesting that they may be regulated independently during sarcomere assembly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abigail C. Neininger-Castro
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine Basic Sciences, Nashville, TN
| | - James B. Hayes
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine Basic Sciences, Nashville, TN
| | - Zachary C. Sanchez
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine Basic Sciences, Nashville, TN
| | - Nilay Taneja
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine Basic Sciences, Nashville, TN
| | - Aidan M. Fenix
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine Basic Sciences, Nashville, TN
| | - Satish Moparthi
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Institut de Myologie, Centre de Recherche en Myologie, Paris, France
| | - Stéphane Vassilopoulos
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Institut de Myologie, Centre de Recherche en Myologie, Paris, France
| | - Dylan T. Burnette
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine Basic Sciences, Nashville, TN
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Rahul K, Singh SK, Kumar S, Tewarson V, Hakim MZ, Kaushik K, Kumar S, Kumar B. A New Era of Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats/CRISPR-associated Protein 9 Gene Editing Technology in Cardiovascular Diseases: Opportunities, Challenges, and Perspectives. Heart Views 2023; 24:201-207. [PMID: 38188709 PMCID: PMC10766161 DOI: 10.4103/heartviews.heartviews_49_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) remain major causes of global mortality in the world. Genetic approaches have succeeded in the discovery of the molecular basis of an increasing number of cardiac diseases. Genome-editing strategies are one of the most effective methods for assisting therapeutic approaches. Potential therapeutic methods of correcting disease-causing mutations or of knocking out specific genes as approaches for the prevention of CVDs have gained substantial attention using genome-editing techniques. Recently, the clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats/CRISPR-associated protein 9 (CRISPR/Cas9) system has become the most widely used genome-editing technology in molecular biology due to its benefits such as simple design, high efficiency, good repeatability, short cycle, and cost-effectiveness. In the present review, we discuss the possibilities of applying the CRISPR/Cas9 genome-editing tool in the CVDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kumar Rahul
- Department of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Sushil Kumar Singh
- Department of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Sarvesh Kumar
- Department of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Vivek Tewarson
- Department of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Mohammad Zeeshan Hakim
- Department of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Karan Kaushik
- Department of Cardiac Anaesthesiology, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Satish Kumar
- Department of Internal Medicine, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Bhupendra Kumar
- Department of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Yang Z, Zhang Y, Wang J, Yin J, Wang Z, Pei R. Cardiac organoid: multiple construction approaches and potential applications. J Mater Chem B 2023; 11:7567-7581. [PMID: 37477533 DOI: 10.1039/d3tb00783a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
The human cardiac organoid (hCO) is three-dimensional tissue model that is similar to an in vivo organ and has great potential on heart development biology, disease modeling, drug screening and regenerative medicine. However, the construction of hCO presents a unique challenge compared with other organoids such as the lung, small intestine, pancreas, liver. Since heart disease is the dominant cause of death and the treatment of such disease is one of the most unmet medical needs worldwide, developing technologies for the construction and application of hCO is a critical task for the scientific community. In this review, we discuss the current classification and construction methods of hCO. In addition, we describe its applications in drug screening, disease modeling, and regenerative medicine. Finally, we propose the limitations of the cardiac organoid and future research directions. A detailed understanding of hCO will provide ways to improve its construction and expand its applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyi Yang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai University, 200444 Shanghai, China
- CAS Key Laboratory for Nano-Bio Interface, Suzhou Institute of Nano-tech and Nano-bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 215123 Suzhou, China.
| | - Yajie Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory for Nano-Bio Interface, Suzhou Institute of Nano-tech and Nano-bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 215123 Suzhou, China.
| | - Jine Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory for Nano-Bio Interface, Suzhou Institute of Nano-tech and Nano-bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 215123 Suzhou, China.
| | - Jingbo Yin
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai University, 200444 Shanghai, China
| | - Zheng Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory for Nano-Bio Interface, Suzhou Institute of Nano-tech and Nano-bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 215123 Suzhou, China.
| | - Renjun Pei
- CAS Key Laboratory for Nano-Bio Interface, Suzhou Institute of Nano-tech and Nano-bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 215123 Suzhou, China.
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31
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Bui QM, Ding J, Hong KN, Adler EA. The Genetic Evaluation of Dilated Cardiomyopathy. STRUCTURAL HEART : THE JOURNAL OF THE HEART TEAM 2023; 7:100200. [PMID: 37745678 PMCID: PMC10512006 DOI: 10.1016/j.shj.2023.100200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2022] [Revised: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) is a common cause of heart failure and is the primary indication for heart transplantation. A genetic etiology can be found in 20-35% of patients with DCM, especially in those with a family history of cardiomyopathy or sudden cardiac death at an early age. With advancements in genome sequencing, the understanding of genotype-phenotype relationships in DCM has expanded with over 60 genes implicated in the disease. Subsequently, these findings have increased adoption of genetic testing in the management of DCM, which has allowed for improved risk stratification and identification of at risk family members. In this review, we discuss the genetic evaluation of DCM with a focus on practical genetic testing considerations, genotype-phenotype associations, and insights into upcoming personalized therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quan M. Bui
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Jeffrey Ding
- University of California San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Kimberly N. Hong
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Eric A. Adler
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
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Kooiker KB, Mohran S, Turner KL, Ma W, Martinson A, Flint G, Qi L, Gao C, Zheng Y, McMillen TS, Mandrycky C, Mahoney-Schaefer M, Freeman JC, Costales Arenas EG, Tu AY, Irving TC, Geeves MA, Tanner BC, Regnier M, Davis J, Moussavi-Harami F. Danicamtiv Increases Myosin Recruitment and Alters Cross-Bridge Cycling in Cardiac Muscle. Circ Res 2023; 133:430-443. [PMID: 37470183 PMCID: PMC10434831 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.123.322629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2023] [Revised: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Modulating myosin function is a novel therapeutic approach in patients with cardiomyopathy. Danicamtiv is a novel myosin activator with promising preclinical data that is currently in clinical trials. While it is known that danicamtiv increases force and cardiomyocyte contractility without affecting calcium levels, detailed mechanistic studies regarding its mode of action are lacking. METHODS Permeabilized porcine cardiac tissue and myofibrils were used for X-ray diffraction and mechanical measurements. A mouse model of genetic dilated cardiomyopathy was used to evaluate the ability of danicamtiv to correct the contractile deficit. RESULTS Danicamtiv increased force and calcium sensitivity via increasing the number of myosins in the ON state and slowing cross-bridge turnover. Our detailed analysis showed that inhibition of ADP release results in decreased cross-bridge turnover with cross bridges staying attached longer and prolonging myofibril relaxation. Danicamtiv corrected decreased calcium sensitivity in demembranated tissue, abnormal twitch magnitude and kinetics in intact cardiac tissue, and reduced ejection fraction in the whole organ. CONCLUSIONS As demonstrated by the detailed studies of Danicamtiv, increasing myosin recruitment and altering cross-bridge cycling are 2 mechanisms to increase force and calcium sensitivity in cardiac muscle. Myosin activators such as Danicamtiv can treat the causative hypocontractile phenotype in genetic dilated cardiomyopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina B. Kooiker
- Division of Cardiology, Medicine (K.B.K., M.M.-S., J.C.F., E.G.C.A., F.M.-H.), University of Washington
- Center of Translational Muscle Research (K.B.K., S.M., G.F., T.S.M., C.M., A.-Y.T., M.R., J.D., F.M.-H.), University of Washington
- Center for Cardiovascular Biology (K.B.K., A.M., M.R., J.D., F.M.-H.), University of Washington
- Institute for Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine (K.B.K., S.M., A.M., T.S.M., A.-Y.T., M.R., J.D., F.M.-H.), University of Washington
| | - Saffie Mohran
- Center of Translational Muscle Research (K.B.K., S.M., G.F., T.S.M., C.M., A.-Y.T., M.R., J.D., F.M.-H.), University of Washington
- Institute for Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine (K.B.K., S.M., A.M., T.S.M., A.-Y.T., M.R., J.D., F.M.-H.), University of Washington
- Department of Bioengineering (S.M., A.M., G.F., C.M., A.-Y.T., M.R., J.D.), University of Washington
| | - Kyrah L. Turner
- School of Molecular Biosciences, Washington State University (K.L.T.)
| | - Weikang Ma
- Department of Biology, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago (W.M., L.Q., T.C.I.)
| | - Amy Martinson
- Center for Cardiovascular Biology (K.B.K., A.M., M.R., J.D., F.M.-H.), University of Washington
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology (A.M., J.D., F.M.-H.), University of Washington
- Institute for Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine (K.B.K., S.M., A.M., T.S.M., A.-Y.T., M.R., J.D., F.M.-H.), University of Washington
- Department of Bioengineering (S.M., A.M., G.F., C.M., A.-Y.T., M.R., J.D.), University of Washington
| | - Galina Flint
- Center of Translational Muscle Research (K.B.K., S.M., G.F., T.S.M., C.M., A.-Y.T., M.R., J.D., F.M.-H.), University of Washington
- Department of Bioengineering (S.M., A.M., G.F., C.M., A.-Y.T., M.R., J.D.), University of Washington
| | - Lin Qi
- Department of Biology, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago (W.M., L.Q., T.C.I.)
| | - Chengqian Gao
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Liaoning, China (C.G., Y.Z.)
| | - Yahan Zheng
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Liaoning, China (C.G., Y.Z.)
| | - Timothy S. McMillen
- Center of Translational Muscle Research (K.B.K., S.M., G.F., T.S.M., C.M., A.-Y.T., M.R., J.D., F.M.-H.), University of Washington
- Institute for Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine (K.B.K., S.M., A.M., T.S.M., A.-Y.T., M.R., J.D., F.M.-H.), University of Washington
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine (T.S.M.), University of Washington
| | - Christian Mandrycky
- Center of Translational Muscle Research (K.B.K., S.M., G.F., T.S.M., C.M., A.-Y.T., M.R., J.D., F.M.-H.), University of Washington
- Department of Bioengineering (S.M., A.M., G.F., C.M., A.-Y.T., M.R., J.D.), University of Washington
| | - Max Mahoney-Schaefer
- Division of Cardiology, Medicine (K.B.K., M.M.-S., J.C.F., E.G.C.A., F.M.-H.), University of Washington
| | - Jeremy C. Freeman
- Division of Cardiology, Medicine (K.B.K., M.M.-S., J.C.F., E.G.C.A., F.M.-H.), University of Washington
| | | | - An-Yu Tu
- Center of Translational Muscle Research (K.B.K., S.M., G.F., T.S.M., C.M., A.-Y.T., M.R., J.D., F.M.-H.), University of Washington
- Institute for Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine (K.B.K., S.M., A.M., T.S.M., A.-Y.T., M.R., J.D., F.M.-H.), University of Washington
- Department of Bioengineering (S.M., A.M., G.F., C.M., A.-Y.T., M.R., J.D.), University of Washington
| | - Thomas C. Irving
- Department of Biology, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago (W.M., L.Q., T.C.I.)
| | - Michael A. Geeves
- School of Biosciences, Division of Natural Sciences, University of Kent, Canterbury, United Kingdom (M.A.G.)
| | - Bertrand C.W. Tanner
- Department of Integrative Physiology and Neuroscience, Washington State University (B.C.W.T.)
| | - Michael Regnier
- Center of Translational Muscle Research (K.B.K., S.M., G.F., T.S.M., C.M., A.-Y.T., M.R., J.D., F.M.-H.), University of Washington
- Center for Cardiovascular Biology (K.B.K., A.M., M.R., J.D., F.M.-H.), University of Washington
- Institute for Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine (K.B.K., S.M., A.M., T.S.M., A.-Y.T., M.R., J.D., F.M.-H.), University of Washington
- Department of Bioengineering (S.M., A.M., G.F., C.M., A.-Y.T., M.R., J.D.), University of Washington
| | - Jennifer Davis
- Center of Translational Muscle Research (K.B.K., S.M., G.F., T.S.M., C.M., A.-Y.T., M.R., J.D., F.M.-H.), University of Washington
- Center for Cardiovascular Biology (K.B.K., A.M., M.R., J.D., F.M.-H.), University of Washington
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology (A.M., J.D., F.M.-H.), University of Washington
- Institute for Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine (K.B.K., S.M., A.M., T.S.M., A.-Y.T., M.R., J.D., F.M.-H.), University of Washington
- Department of Bioengineering (S.M., A.M., G.F., C.M., A.-Y.T., M.R., J.D.), University of Washington
| | - Farid Moussavi-Harami
- Division of Cardiology, Medicine (K.B.K., M.M.-S., J.C.F., E.G.C.A., F.M.-H.), University of Washington
- Center of Translational Muscle Research (K.B.K., S.M., G.F., T.S.M., C.M., A.-Y.T., M.R., J.D., F.M.-H.), University of Washington
- Center for Cardiovascular Biology (K.B.K., A.M., M.R., J.D., F.M.-H.), University of Washington
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology (A.M., J.D., F.M.-H.), University of Washington
- Institute for Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine (K.B.K., S.M., A.M., T.S.M., A.-Y.T., M.R., J.D., F.M.-H.), University of Washington
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Wang X, Khurshid S, Choi SH, Friedman S, Weng LC, Reeder C, Pirruccello JP, Singh P, Lau ES, Venn R, Diamant N, Di Achille P, Philippakis A, Anderson CD, Ho JE, Ellinor PT, Batra P, Lubitz SA. Genetic Susceptibility to Atrial Fibrillation Identified via Deep Learning of 12-Lead Electrocardiograms. CIRCULATION. GENOMIC AND PRECISION MEDICINE 2023; 16:340-349. [PMID: 37278238 PMCID: PMC10524395 DOI: 10.1161/circgen.122.003808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Artificial intelligence (AI) models applied to 12-lead ECG waveforms can predict atrial fibrillation (AF), a heritable and morbid arrhythmia. However, the factors forming the basis of risk predictions from AI models are usually not well understood. We hypothesized that there might be a genetic basis for an AI algorithm for predicting the 5-year risk of new-onset AF using 12-lead ECGs (ECG-AI)-based risk estimates. METHODS We applied a validated ECG-AI model for predicting incident AF to ECGs from 39 986 UK Biobank participants without AF. We then performed a genome-wide association study (GWAS) of the predicted AF risk and compared it with an AF GWAS and a GWAS of risk estimates from a clinical variable model. RESULTS In the ECG-AI GWAS, we identified 3 signals (P<5×10-8) at established AF susceptibility loci marked by the sarcomeric gene TTN and sodium channel genes SCN5A and SCN10A. We also identified 2 novel loci near the genes VGLL2 and EXT1. In contrast, the clinical variable model prediction GWAS indicated a different genetic profile. In genetic correlation analysis, the prediction from the ECG-AI model was estimated to have a higher correlation with AF than that from the clinical variable model. CONCLUSIONS Predicted AF risk from an ECG-AI model is influenced by genetic variation implicating sarcomeric, ion channel and body height pathways. ECG-AI models may identify individuals at risk for disease via specific biological pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Wang
- Cardiovascular Research Ctr, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston
- Cardiovascular Disease Initiative, The Broad Institute of MIT & Harvard, Cambridge
| | - Shaan Khurshid
- Cardiovascular Research Ctr, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston
- Cardiovascular Disease Initiative, The Broad Institute of MIT & Harvard, Cambridge
- Division of Cardiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston
| | - Seung Hoan Choi
- Cardiovascular Disease Initiative, The Broad Institute of MIT & Harvard, Cambridge
| | - Samuel Friedman
- Data Sciences Platform, The Broad Institute of MIT & Harvard, Cambridge
| | - Lu-Chen Weng
- Cardiovascular Research Ctr, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston
- Cardiovascular Disease Initiative, The Broad Institute of MIT & Harvard, Cambridge
| | | | - James P. Pirruccello
- Cardiovascular Research Ctr, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston
- Cardiovascular Disease Initiative, The Broad Institute of MIT & Harvard, Cambridge
- Division of Cardiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston
| | - Pulkit Singh
- Data Sciences Platform, The Broad Institute of MIT & Harvard, Cambridge
| | - Emily S. Lau
- Cardiovascular Research Ctr, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston
- Cardiovascular Disease Initiative, The Broad Institute of MIT & Harvard, Cambridge
- Division of Cardiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston
| | - Rachael Venn
- Cardiovascular Research Ctr, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston
- Division of Cardiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston
| | - Nate Diamant
- Data Sciences Platform, The Broad Institute of MIT & Harvard, Cambridge
| | - Paolo Di Achille
- Data Sciences Platform, The Broad Institute of MIT & Harvard, Cambridge
| | - Anthony Philippakis
- Data Sciences Platform, The Broad Institute of MIT & Harvard, Cambridge
- Eric & Wendy Schmidt Ctr, The Broad Institute of MIT & Harvard, Cambridge
| | - Christopher D. Anderson
- Dept of Neurology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital
- Ctr for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston
- Henry & Allison McCance Ctr for Brain Health, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston
| | - Jennifer E. Ho
- CardioVascular Institute & Division of Cardiology, Dept of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Ctr, Boston, MA
| | - Patrick T. Ellinor
- Cardiovascular Research Ctr, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston
- Cardiovascular Disease Initiative, The Broad Institute of MIT & Harvard, Cambridge
- Demoulas Ctr for Cardiac Arrhythmias, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston
| | - Puneet Batra
- Data Sciences Platform, The Broad Institute of MIT & Harvard, Cambridge
| | - Steven A. Lubitz
- Cardiovascular Research Ctr, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston
- Cardiovascular Disease Initiative, The Broad Institute of MIT & Harvard, Cambridge
- Demoulas Ctr for Cardiac Arrhythmias, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston
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34
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Nakhaei-Rad S, Haghighi F, Bazgir F, Dahlmann J, Busley AV, Buchholzer M, Kleemann K, Schänzer A, Borchardt A, Hahn A, Kötter S, Schanze D, Anand R, Funk F, Kronenbitter AV, Scheller J, Piekorz RP, Reichert AS, Volleth M, Wolf MJ, Cirstea IC, Gelb BD, Tartaglia M, Schmitt JP, Krüger M, Kutschka I, Cyganek L, Zenker M, Kensah G, Ahmadian MR. Molecular and cellular evidence for the impact of a hypertrophic cardiomyopathy-associated RAF1 variant on the structure and function of contractile machinery in bioartificial cardiac tissues. Commun Biol 2023; 6:657. [PMID: 37344639 PMCID: PMC10284840 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-023-05013-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Noonan syndrome (NS), the most common among RASopathies, is caused by germline variants in genes encoding components of the RAS-MAPK pathway. Distinct variants, including the recurrent Ser257Leu substitution in RAF1, are associated with severe hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM). Here, we investigated the elusive mechanistic link between NS-associated RAF1S257L and HCM using three-dimensional cardiac bodies and bioartificial cardiac tissues generated from patient-derived induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) harboring the pathogenic RAF1 c.770 C > T missense change. We characterize the molecular, structural, and functional consequences of aberrant RAF1-associated signaling on the cardiac models. Ultrastructural assessment of the sarcomere revealed a shortening of the I-bands along the Z disc area in both iPSC-derived RAF1S257L cardiomyocytes and myocardial tissue biopsies. The aforementioned changes correlated with the isoform shift of titin from a longer (N2BA) to a shorter isoform (N2B) that also affected the active force generation and contractile tensions. The genotype-phenotype correlation was confirmed using cardiomyocyte progeny of an isogenic gene-corrected RAF1S257L-iPSC line and was mainly reversed by MEK inhibition. Collectively, our findings uncovered a direct link between a RASopathy gene variant and the abnormal sarcomere structure resulting in a cardiac dysfunction that remarkably recapitulates the human disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeideh Nakhaei-Rad
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine Research Group, Institute of Biotechnology, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Fereshteh Haghighi
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Clinic for Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), partner site Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Farhad Bazgir
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Julia Dahlmann
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), partner site Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital, Otto von Guericke-University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Alexandra Viktoria Busley
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), partner site Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
- Stem Cell Unit, Clinic for Cardiology and Pneumology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence "Multiscale Bioimaging: from Molecular Machines to Networks of Excitable Cells", University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Marcel Buchholzer
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Karolin Kleemann
- Clinic for Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), partner site Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Anne Schänzer
- Institute of Neuropathology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Andrea Borchardt
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology I, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Andreas Hahn
- Department of Child Neurology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, 35392, Giessen, Germany
| | - Sebastian Kötter
- Institute of Cardiovascular Physiology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Denny Schanze
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital, Otto von Guericke-University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Ruchika Anand
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology I, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Florian Funk
- Institute of Pharmacology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Annette Vera Kronenbitter
- Institute of Pharmacology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Jürgen Scheller
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Roland P Piekorz
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Andreas S Reichert
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology I, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Marianne Volleth
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital, Otto von Guericke-University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Matthew J Wolf
- Department of Medicine and Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA
| | - Ion Cristian Cirstea
- Institute of Comparative Molecular Endocrinology, University of Ulm, Helmholtzstrasse 8/1, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Bruce D Gelb
- Mindich Child Health and Development Institute and Departments of Pediatrics and Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Marco Tartaglia
- Molecular Genetics and Functional Genomics, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, IRCCS, 00146, Rome, Italy
| | - Joachim P Schmitt
- Institute of Pharmacology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Martina Krüger
- Institute of Cardiovascular Physiology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Ingo Kutschka
- Clinic for Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), partner site Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Lukas Cyganek
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), partner site Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
- Stem Cell Unit, Clinic for Cardiology and Pneumology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence "Multiscale Bioimaging: from Molecular Machines to Networks of Excitable Cells", University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Martin Zenker
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital, Otto von Guericke-University, Magdeburg, Germany.
| | - George Kensah
- Clinic for Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), partner site Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.
| | - Mohammad R Ahmadian
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany.
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Koslow M, Mondaca-Ruff D, Xu X. Transcriptome studies of inherited dilated cardiomyopathies. Mamm Genome 2023; 34:312-322. [PMID: 36749382 PMCID: PMC10426000 DOI: 10.1007/s00335-023-09978-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) is a group of heart muscle diseases that often lead to heart failure, with more than 50 causative genes have being linked to DCM. The heterogenous nature of the inherited DCMs suggest the need of precision medicine. Consistent with this emerging concept, transcriptome studies in human patients with DCM indicated distinct molecular signature for DCMs of different genetic etiology. To facilitate this line of research, we reviewed the status of transcriptome studies of inherited DCMs by focusing on three predominant DCM causative genes, TTN, LMNA, and BAG3. Besides studies in human patients, we summarized transcriptomic analysis of these inherited DCMs in a variety of model systems ranging from iPSCs to rodents and zebrafish. We concluded that the RNA-seq technology is a powerful genomic tool that has already led to the discovery of new modifying genes, signaling pathways, and related therapeutic avenues. We also pointed out that both temporal (different pathological stages) and spatial (different cell types) information need to be considered for future transcriptome studies. While an important bottle neck is the low throughput in experimentally testing differentially expressed genes, new technologies in efficient animal models such as zebrafish starts to be developed. It is anticipated that the RNA-seq technology will continue to uncover both unique and common pathological events, aiding the development of precision medicine for inherited DCMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Koslow
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - David Mondaca-Ruff
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Xiaolei Xu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA.
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Theodoris CV, Xiao L, Chopra A, Chaffin MD, Al Sayed ZR, Hill MC, Mantineo H, Brydon EM, Zeng Z, Liu XS, Ellinor PT. Transfer learning enables predictions in network biology. Nature 2023; 618:616-624. [PMID: 37258680 PMCID: PMC10949956 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-023-06139-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 78.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Mapping gene networks requires large amounts of transcriptomic data to learn the connections between genes, which impedes discoveries in settings with limited data, including rare diseases and diseases affecting clinically inaccessible tissues. Recently, transfer learning has revolutionized fields such as natural language understanding1,2 and computer vision3 by leveraging deep learning models pretrained on large-scale general datasets that can then be fine-tuned towards a vast array of downstream tasks with limited task-specific data. Here, we developed a context-aware, attention-based deep learning model, Geneformer, pretrained on a large-scale corpus of about 30 million single-cell transcriptomes to enable context-specific predictions in settings with limited data in network biology. During pretraining, Geneformer gained a fundamental understanding of network dynamics, encoding network hierarchy in the attention weights of the model in a completely self-supervised manner. Fine-tuning towards a diverse panel of downstream tasks relevant to chromatin and network dynamics using limited task-specific data demonstrated that Geneformer consistently boosted predictive accuracy. Applied to disease modelling with limited patient data, Geneformer identified candidate therapeutic targets for cardiomyopathy. Overall, Geneformer represents a pretrained deep learning model from which fine-tuning towards a broad range of downstream applications can be pursued to accelerate discovery of key network regulators and candidate therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina V Theodoris
- Department of Data Science, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA.
- Cardiovascular Disease Initiative and Precision Cardiology Laboratory, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- Division of Genetics and Genomics, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
- Harvard Medical School Genetics Training Program, Boston, USA.
| | - Ling Xiao
- Cardiovascular Disease Initiative and Precision Cardiology Laboratory, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Anant Chopra
- Precision Cardiology Laboratory, Bayer US LLC, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Mark D Chaffin
- Cardiovascular Disease Initiative and Precision Cardiology Laboratory, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Zeina R Al Sayed
- Cardiovascular Disease Initiative and Precision Cardiology Laboratory, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Matthew C Hill
- Cardiovascular Disease Initiative and Precision Cardiology Laboratory, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Helene Mantineo
- Cardiovascular Disease Initiative and Precision Cardiology Laboratory, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Zexian Zeng
- Department of Data Science, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - X Shirley Liu
- Department of Data Science, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Center for Functional Cancer Epigenetics, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Patrick T Ellinor
- Cardiovascular Disease Initiative and Precision Cardiology Laboratory, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
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Barefield DY, Alvarez-Arce A, Araujo KN. Mechanisms of Sarcomere Protein Mutation-Induced Cardiomyopathies. Curr Cardiol Rep 2023; 25:473-484. [PMID: 37060436 PMCID: PMC11141690 DOI: 10.1007/s11886-023-01876-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 04/16/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The pace of identifying cardiomyopathy-associated mutations and advances in our understanding of sarcomere function that underlies many cardiomyopathies has been remarkable. Here, we aim to synthesize how these advances have led to the promising new treatments that are being developed to treat cardiomyopathies. RECENT FINDINGS The genomics era has identified and validated many genetic causes of hypertrophic and dilated cardiomyopathies. Recent advances in our mechanistic understanding of sarcomere pathophysiology include high-resolution molecular models of sarcomere components and the identification of the myosin super-relaxed state. The advances in our understanding of sarcomere function have yielded several therapeutic agents that are now in development and clinical use to correct contractile dysfunction-mediated cardiomyopathy. New genes linked to cardiomyopathy include targets with limited clinical evidence and require additional investigation. Large portions of cardiomyopathy with family history remain genetically undiagnosed and may be due to polygenic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Y Barefield
- Department of Cell and Molecular Physiology, Loyola University Chicago, 2160 S. 1st Ave, Maywood, IL, 60153, USA.
| | - Alejandro Alvarez-Arce
- Department of Cell and Molecular Physiology, Loyola University Chicago, 2160 S. 1st Ave, Maywood, IL, 60153, USA
| | - Kelly N Araujo
- Department of Cell and Molecular Physiology, Loyola University Chicago, 2160 S. 1st Ave, Maywood, IL, 60153, USA
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Domínguez F, Lalaguna L, Martínez-Martín I, Piqueras-Flores J, Rasmussen TB, Zorio E, Giovinazzo G, Prados B, Ochoa JP, Bornstein B, González-López E, Velázquez-Carreras D, Pricolo MR, Gutiérrez-Agüera F, Bernal JA, Herrero-Galán E, Alegre-Cebollada J, Lara-Pezzi E, García-Pavía P. Titin Missense Variants as a Cause of Familial Dilated Cardiomyopathy. Circulation 2023; 147:1711-1713. [PMID: 37253077 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.122.062833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Domínguez
- Heart Failure and Inherited Cardiac Diseases Unit, Department of Cardiology, Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain (F.D., B.B., E.G.-L., P.G.-P.)
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III, Madrid, Spain (F.D., L.L., I.M.-M., G.G., B.P., J.P.O., D.V.-C., M.R.P., F.G.-A., J.A.B., E.H.-G., J.A.-C., E.L.-P., P.G.-P.)
- CIBER Cardiovascular Diseases (CIBERCV), Madrid, Spain (F.D., E.Z., E.G.-L., E.L.-P., P.G.-P.)
| | - Laura Lalaguna
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III, Madrid, Spain (F.D., L.L., I.M.-M., G.G., B.P., J.P.O., D.V.-C., M.R.P., F.G.-A., J.A.B., E.H.-G., J.A.-C., E.L.-P., P.G.-P.)
| | - Inés Martínez-Martín
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III, Madrid, Spain (F.D., L.L., I.M.-M., G.G., B.P., J.P.O., D.V.-C., M.R.P., F.G.-A., J.A.B., E.H.-G., J.A.-C., E.L.-P., P.G.-P.)
| | - Jesús Piqueras-Flores
- Unidad de Cardiopatías Familiares. Servicio de Cardiología. Hospital Universitario de Ciudad Real, Spain (J.P.-F.)
- Facultad de Medicina de Ciudad Real. Universidad de Castilla La Mancha, Spain (J.P.-F.)
| | | | - Esther Zorio
- CIBER Cardiovascular Diseases (CIBERCV), Madrid, Spain (F.D., E.Z., E.G.-L., E.L.-P., P.G.-P.)
- Unidad de Cardiopatías Familiares, Muerte Súbita y Mecanismos de Enfermedad (CaFaMuSMe), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe, Servicio de Cardiología, Hospital Universitario y Politécnico La Fe, Valencia, Spain (E.Z.)
| | - Giovanna Giovinazzo
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III, Madrid, Spain (F.D., L.L., I.M.-M., G.G., B.P., J.P.O., D.V.-C., M.R.P., F.G.-A., J.A.B., E.H.-G., J.A.-C., E.L.-P., P.G.-P.)
| | - Belen Prados
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III, Madrid, Spain (F.D., L.L., I.M.-M., G.G., B.P., J.P.O., D.V.-C., M.R.P., F.G.-A., J.A.B., E.H.-G., J.A.-C., E.L.-P., P.G.-P.)
| | - Juan Pablo Ochoa
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III, Madrid, Spain (F.D., L.L., I.M.-M., G.G., B.P., J.P.O., D.V.-C., M.R.P., F.G.-A., J.A.B., E.H.-G., J.A.-C., E.L.-P., P.G.-P.)
| | - Belen Bornstein
- Heart Failure and Inherited Cardiac Diseases Unit, Department of Cardiology, Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain (F.D., B.B., E.G.-L., P.G.-P.)
| | - Esther González-López
- Heart Failure and Inherited Cardiac Diseases Unit, Department of Cardiology, Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain (F.D., B.B., E.G.-L., P.G.-P.)
- CIBER Cardiovascular Diseases (CIBERCV), Madrid, Spain (F.D., E.Z., E.G.-L., E.L.-P., P.G.-P.)
| | - Diana Velázquez-Carreras
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III, Madrid, Spain (F.D., L.L., I.M.-M., G.G., B.P., J.P.O., D.V.-C., M.R.P., F.G.-A., J.A.B., E.H.-G., J.A.-C., E.L.-P., P.G.-P.)
| | - Maria Rosaria Pricolo
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III, Madrid, Spain (F.D., L.L., I.M.-M., G.G., B.P., J.P.O., D.V.-C., M.R.P., F.G.-A., J.A.B., E.H.-G., J.A.-C., E.L.-P., P.G.-P.)
| | - Francisco Gutiérrez-Agüera
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III, Madrid, Spain (F.D., L.L., I.M.-M., G.G., B.P., J.P.O., D.V.-C., M.R.P., F.G.-A., J.A.B., E.H.-G., J.A.-C., E.L.-P., P.G.-P.)
| | - Juan Antonio Bernal
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III, Madrid, Spain (F.D., L.L., I.M.-M., G.G., B.P., J.P.O., D.V.-C., M.R.P., F.G.-A., J.A.B., E.H.-G., J.A.-C., E.L.-P., P.G.-P.)
| | - Elías Herrero-Galán
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III, Madrid, Spain (F.D., L.L., I.M.-M., G.G., B.P., J.P.O., D.V.-C., M.R.P., F.G.-A., J.A.B., E.H.-G., J.A.-C., E.L.-P., P.G.-P.)
| | - Jorge Alegre-Cebollada
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III, Madrid, Spain (F.D., L.L., I.M.-M., G.G., B.P., J.P.O., D.V.-C., M.R.P., F.G.-A., J.A.B., E.H.-G., J.A.-C., E.L.-P., P.G.-P.)
| | - Enrique Lara-Pezzi
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III, Madrid, Spain (F.D., L.L., I.M.-M., G.G., B.P., J.P.O., D.V.-C., M.R.P., F.G.-A., J.A.B., E.H.-G., J.A.-C., E.L.-P., P.G.-P.)
- CIBER Cardiovascular Diseases (CIBERCV), Madrid, Spain (F.D., E.Z., E.G.-L., E.L.-P., P.G.-P.)
| | - Pablo García-Pavía
- Heart Failure and Inherited Cardiac Diseases Unit, Department of Cardiology, Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain (F.D., B.B., E.G.-L., P.G.-P.)
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III, Madrid, Spain (F.D., L.L., I.M.-M., G.G., B.P., J.P.O., D.V.-C., M.R.P., F.G.-A., J.A.B., E.H.-G., J.A.-C., E.L.-P., P.G.-P.)
- CIBER Cardiovascular Diseases (CIBERCV), Madrid, Spain (F.D., E.Z., E.G.-L., E.L.-P., P.G.-P.)
- Universidad Francisco de Vitoria (UFV), Pozuelo de Alarcón, Spain (P.G.-P.)
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Murphy JF, Costa KD, Turnbull IC. Rianú: Multi-tissue tracking software for increased throughput of engineered cardiac tissue screening. COMPUTER METHODS AND PROGRAMS IN BIOMEDICINE UPDATE 2023; 3:100107. [PMID: 37476002 PMCID: PMC10359020 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmpbup.2023.100107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
Background The field of tissue engineering has provided valuable three-dimensional species-specific models of the human myocardium in the form of human Engineered Cardiac Tissues (hECTs) and similar constructs. However, hECT systems are often bottlenecked by a lack of openly available software that can collect data from multiple tissues at a time, even in multi-tissue bioreactors, which limits throughput in phenotypic and therapeutic screening applications. Methods We developed Rianú, an open-source web application capable of simultaneously tracking multiple hECTs on flexible end-posts. This software is operating system agnostic and deployable on a remote server, accessible via a web browser with no local hardware or software requirements. The software incorporates object-tracking capabilities for multiple objects simultaneously, an algorithm for twitch tracing analysis and contractile force calculation, and a data compilation system for comparative analysis within and amongst groups. Validation tests were performed using in-silico and in-vitro experiments for comparison with established methods and interventions. Results Rianú was able to detect the displacement of the flexible end-posts with a sub-pixel sensitivity of 0.555 px/post (minimum increment in post displacement) and a lower limit of 1.665 px/post (minimum post displacement). Compared to our established reference for contractility assessment, Rianú had a high correlation for all parameters analyzed (ranging from R 2 = 0.7514 to R 2 = 0.9695 ), demonstrating its high accuracy and reliability. Conclusions Rianú provides simultaneous tracking of multiple hECTs, expediting the recording and analysis processes, and simplifies time-based intervention studies. It also allows data collection from different formats and has scale-up capabilities proportional to the number of tissues per field of view. These capabilities will enhance throughput of hECTs and similar assays for in-vitro analysis in disease modeling and drug screening applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jack F. Murphy
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, Box 1014, New York City, 10029, NY, USA
| | - Kevin D. Costa
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, Box 1014, New York City, 10029, NY, USA
| | - Irene C. Turnbull
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, Box 1014, New York City, 10029, NY, USA
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Wolfe JT, He W, Kim MS, Liang HL, Shradhanjali A, Jurkiewicz H, Freudinger BP, Greene AS, LaDisa JF, Tayebi L, Mitchell ME, Tomita-Mitchell A, Tefft BJ. 3D-bioprinting of patient-derived cardiac tissue models for studying congenital heart disease. Front Cardiovasc Med 2023; 10:1162731. [PMID: 37293290 PMCID: PMC10247285 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2023.1162731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Congenital heart disease is the leading cause of death related to birth defects and affects 1 out of every 100 live births. Induced pluripotent stem cell technology has allowed for patient-derived cardiomyocytes to be studied in vitro. An approach to bioengineer these cells into a physiologically accurate cardiac tissue model is needed in order to study the disease and evaluate potential treatment strategies. Methods To accomplish this, we have developed a protocol to 3D-bioprint cardiac tissue constructs comprised of patient-derived cardiomyocytes within a hydrogel bioink based on laminin-521. Results Cardiomyocytes remained viable and demonstrated appropriate phenotype and function including spontaneous contraction. Contraction remained consistent during 30 days of culture based on displacement measurements. Furthermore, tissue constructs demonstrated progressive maturation based on sarcomere structure and gene expression analysis. Gene expression analysis also revealed enhanced maturation in 3D constructs compared to 2D cell culture. Discussion This combination of patient-derived cardiomyocytes and 3D-bioprinting represents a promising platform for studying congenital heart disease and evaluating individualized treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jayne T. Wolfe
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Medical College of Wisconsin & Marquette University, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Wei He
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Medical College of Wisconsin & Marquette University, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Min-Su Kim
- Department of Surgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Huan-Ling Liang
- Department of Surgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Akankshya Shradhanjali
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Medical College of Wisconsin & Marquette University, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Hilda Jurkiewicz
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Medical College of Wisconsin & Marquette University, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | | | | | - John F. LaDisa
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Medical College of Wisconsin & Marquette University, Milwaukee, WI, United States
- Department of Pediatrics - Section of Cardiology, Children’s Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
- The Herma Heart Institute, Children’s Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
- Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Lobat Tayebi
- School of Dentistry, Marquette University, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Michael E. Mitchell
- Department of Surgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
- The Herma Heart Institute, Children’s Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Aoy Tomita-Mitchell
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Medical College of Wisconsin & Marquette University, Milwaukee, WI, United States
- Department of Surgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
- The Herma Heart Institute, Children’s Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
- Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Brandon J. Tefft
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Medical College of Wisconsin & Marquette University, Milwaukee, WI, United States
- Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
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41
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Ma MS, Sundaram S, Lou L, Agarwal A, Chen CS, Bifano TG. High throughput screening system for engineered cardiac tissues. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1177688. [PMID: 37251575 PMCID: PMC10210164 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1177688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Three dimensional engineered cardiac tissues (3D ECTs) have become indispensable as in vitro models to assess drug cardiotoxicity, a leading cause of failure in pharmaceutical development. A current bottleneck is the relatively low throughput of assays that measure spontaneous contractile forces exerted by millimeter-scale ECTs typically recorded through precise optical measurement of deflection of the polymer scaffolds that support them. The required resolution and speed limit the field of view to at most a few ECTs at a time using conventional imaging. Methods: To balance the inherent tradeoff among imaging resolution, field of view and speed, an innovative mosaic imaging system was designed, built, and validated to sense contractile force of 3D ECTs seeded on a 96-well plate. Results: The system performance was validated through real-time, parallel contractile force monitoring for up to 3 weeks. Pilot drug testing was conducted using isoproterenol. Discussion: The described tool increases contractile force sensing throughput to 96 samples per measurement; significantly reduces cost, time and labor needed for preclinical cardiotoxicity assay using 3D ECT. More broadly, our mosaicking approach is a general way to scale up image-based screening in multi-well formats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marshall S. Ma
- Mechanical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA, United States
- Photonics Center, Boston University, Boston, MA, United States
| | | | - Lihua Lou
- Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Florida International University, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Arvind Agarwal
- Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Florida International University, Miami, FL, United States
| | | | - Thomas G. Bifano
- Mechanical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA, United States
- Photonics Center, Boston University, Boston, MA, United States
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Rossler KJ, de Lange WJ, Mann MW, Aballo TJ, Melby JA, Zhang J, Kim G, Bayne EF, Zhu Y, Farrell ET, Kamp TJ, Ralphe JC, Ge Y. Lactate and Immunomagnetic-purified iPSC-derived Cardiomyocytes Generate Comparable Engineered Cardiac Tissue Constructs. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.05.05.539642. [PMID: 37205556 PMCID: PMC10187273 DOI: 10.1101/2023.05.05.539642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Three-dimensional engineered cardiac tissue (ECT) using purified human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (hiPSC-CMs) has emerged as an appealing model system for the study of human cardiac biology and disease. A recent study reported widely-used metabolic (lactate) purification of monolayer hiPSC-CM cultures results in an ischemic cardiomyopathy-like phenotype compared to magnetic antibody-based cell sorting (MACS) purification, complicating the interpretation of studies using lactate-purified hiPSC-CMs. Herein, our objective was to determine if use of lactate relative to MACs-purified hiPSC-CMs impacts the properties of resulting hiPSC-ECTs. Therefore, hiPSC-CMs were differentiated and purified using either lactate-based media or MACS. After purification, hiPSC-CMs were combined with hiPSC-cardiac fibroblasts to create 3D hiPSC-ECT constructs maintained in culture for four weeks. There were no structural differences observed, and there was no significant difference in sarcomere length between lactate and MACS hiPSC-ECTs. Assessment of isometric twitch force, Ca 2+ transients, and β-adrenergic response revealed similar functional performance between purification methods. High-resolution mass spectrometry (MS)-based quantitative proteomics showed no significant difference in any protein pathway expression or myofilament proteoforms. Taken together, this study demonstrates lactate- and MACS-purified hiPSC-CMs generate ECTs with comparable molecular and functional properties, and suggests lactate purification does not result in an irreversible change in hiPSC-CM phenotype.
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Asencio A, Malingen S, Kooiker KB, Powers JD, Davis J, Daniel T, Moussavi-Harami F. Machine learning meets Monte Carlo methods for models of muscle's molecular machinery to classify mutations. J Gen Physiol 2023; 155:e202213291. [PMID: 37000171 PMCID: PMC10067704 DOI: 10.1085/jgp.202213291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The timing and magnitude of force generation by a muscle depend on complex interactions in a compliant, contractile filament lattice. Perturbations in these interactions can result in cardiac muscle diseases. In this study, we address the fundamental challenge of connecting the temporal features of cardiac twitches to underlying rate constants and their perturbations associated with genetic cardiomyopathies. Current state-of-the-art metrics for characterizing the mechanical consequence of cardiac muscle disease do not utilize information embedded in the complete time course of twitch force. We pair dimension reduction techniques and machine learning methods to classify underlying perturbations that shape the timing of twitch force. To do this, we created a large twitch dataset using a spatially explicit Monte Carlo model of muscle contraction. Uniquely, we modified the rate constants of this model in line with mouse models of cardiac muscle disease and varied mutation penetrance. Ultimately, the results of this study show that machine learning models combined with biologically informed dimension reduction techniques can yield excellent classification accuracy of underlying muscle perturbations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony Asencio
- Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Division of Cardiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Center for Transnational Muscle Research, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Sage Malingen
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Center for Transnational Muscle Research, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Kristina B. Kooiker
- Division of Cardiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Center for Transnational Muscle Research, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Center for Cardiovascular Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Joseph D. Powers
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Jennifer Davis
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Center for Transnational Muscle Research, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Laboratory Medicine Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Center for Cardiovascular Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Thomas Daniel
- Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Center for Transnational Muscle Research, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Farid Moussavi-Harami
- Division of Cardiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Center for Transnational Muscle Research, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Laboratory Medicine Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Center for Cardiovascular Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
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44
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Mu X, Gerhard-Herman MD, Zhang YS. Building Blood Vessel Chips with Enhanced Physiological Relevance. ADVANCED MATERIALS TECHNOLOGIES 2023; 8:2201778. [PMID: 37693798 PMCID: PMC10489284 DOI: 10.1002/admt.202201778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
Blood vessel chips are bioengineered microdevices, consisting of biomaterials, human cells, and microstructures, which recapitulate essential vascular structure and physiology and allow a well-controlled microenvironment and spatial-temporal readouts. Blood vessel chips afford promising opportunities to understand molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying a range of vascular diseases. The physiological relevance is key to these blood vessel chips that rely on bioinspired strategies and bioengineering approaches to translate vascular physiology into artificial units. Here, we discuss several critical aspects of vascular physiology, including morphology, material composition, mechanical properties, flow dynamics, and mass transport, which provide essential guidelines and a valuable source of bioinspiration for the rational design of blood vessel chips. We also review state-of-art blood vessel chips that exhibit important physiological features of the vessel and reveal crucial insights into the biological processes and disease pathogenesis, including rare diseases, with notable implications for drug screening and clinical trials. We envision that the advances in biomaterials, biofabrication, and stem cells improve the physiological relevance of blood vessel chips, which, along with the close collaborations between clinicians and bioengineers, enable their widespread utility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Mu
- Division of Engineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Roy J. Carver Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Marie Denise Gerhard-Herman
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Yu Shrike Zhang
- Division of Engineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
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45
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Sahara M. Recent Advances in Generation of In Vitro Cardiac Organoids. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24076244. [PMID: 37047216 PMCID: PMC10094119 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24076244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiac organoids are in vitro self-organizing and three-dimensional structures composed of multiple cardiac cells (i.e., cardiomyocytes, endothelial cells, cardiac fibroblasts, etc.) with or without biological scaffolds. Since cardiac organoids recapitulate structural and functional characteristics of the native heart to a higher degree compared to the conventional two-dimensional culture systems, their applications, in combination with pluripotent stem cell technologies, are being widely expanded for the investigation of cardiogenesis, cardiac disease modeling, drug screening and development, and regenerative medicine. In this mini-review, recent advances in cardiac organoid technologies are summarized in chronological order, with a focus on the methodological points for each organoid formation. Further, the current limitations and the future perspectives in these promising systems are also discussed.
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Bhatia S, Pooja, Yadav SK. CRISPR-Cas for genome editing: Classification, mechanism, designing and applications. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 238:124054. [PMID: 36933595 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.124054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Revised: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/12/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
Clustered regularly interspersed short pallindromic repeats (CRISPR) and CRISPR associated proteins (Cas) system (CRISPR-Cas) came into light as prokaryotic defence mechanism for adaptive immune response. CRISPR-Cas works by integrating short sequences of the target genome (spacers) into the CRISPR locus. The locus containing spacers interspersed repeats is further expressed into small guide CRISPR RNA (crRNA) which is then deployed by the Cas proteins to evade the target genome. Based on the Cas proteins CRISPR-Cas is classified according to polythetic system of classification. The characteristic of the CRISPR-Cas9 system to target DNA sequences using programmable RNAs has opened new arenas due to which today CRISPR-Cas has evolved as cutting end technique in the field of genome editing. Here, we discuss about the evolution of CRISPR, its classification and various Cas systems including the designing and molecular mechanism of CRISPR-Cas. Applications of CRISPR-Cas as a genome editing tools are also highlighted in the areas such as agriculture, and anticancer therapy. Briefly discuss the role of CRISPR and its Cas systems in the diagnosis of COVID-19 and its possible preventive measures. The challenges in existing CRISP-Cas technologies and their potential solutions are also discussed briefly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simran Bhatia
- Center of Innovative and applied Bioprocessing, Sector-81, Knowledge City, Mohali, India; Regional Center for Biotechnology, Faridabad, India
| | - Pooja
- Center of Innovative and applied Bioprocessing, Sector-81, Knowledge City, Mohali, India
| | - Sudesh Kumar Yadav
- Center of Innovative and applied Bioprocessing, Sector-81, Knowledge City, Mohali, India; Regional Center for Biotechnology, Faridabad, India.
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47
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Li ZH, Wang J, Xu JP, Wang J, Yang X. Recent advances in CRISPR-based genome editing technology and its applications in cardiovascular research. Mil Med Res 2023; 10:12. [PMID: 36895064 PMCID: PMC9999643 DOI: 10.1186/s40779-023-00447-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The rapid development of genome editing technology has brought major breakthroughs in the fields of life science and medicine. In recent years, the clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)-based genome editing toolbox has been greatly expanded, not only with emerging CRISPR-associated protein (Cas) nucleases, but also novel applications through combination with diverse effectors. Recently, transposon-associated programmable RNA-guided genome editing systems have been uncovered, adding myriads of potential new tools to the genome editing toolbox. CRISPR-based genome editing technology has also revolutionized cardiovascular research. Here we first summarize the advances involving newly identified Cas orthologs, engineered variants and novel genome editing systems, and then discuss the applications of the CRISPR-Cas systems in precise genome editing, such as base editing and prime editing. We also highlight recent progress in cardiovascular research using CRISPR-based genome editing technologies, including the generation of genetically modified in vitro and animal models of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) as well as the applications in treating different types of CVD. Finally, the current limitations and future prospects of genome editing technologies are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen-Hua Li
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences, Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing, 100071, China
| | - Jun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences, Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing, 100071, China
| | - Jing-Ping Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences, Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing, 100071, China.,Yaneng BIOScience (Shenzhen) Co., Ltd., Shenzhen, 518102, Guangdong, China
| | - Jian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences, Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing, 100071, China.
| | - Xiao Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences, Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing, 100071, China.
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Martin M, Gähwiler EKN, Generali M, Hoerstrup SP, Emmert MY. Advances in 3D Organoid Models for Stem Cell-Based Cardiac Regeneration. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24065188. [PMID: 36982261 PMCID: PMC10049446 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24065188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The adult human heart cannot regain complete cardiac function following tissue injury, making cardiac regeneration a current clinical unmet need. There are a number of clinical procedures aimed at reducing ischemic damage following injury; however, it has not yet been possible to stimulate adult cardiomyocytes to recover and proliferate. The emergence of pluripotent stem cell technologies and 3D culture systems has revolutionized the field. Specifically, 3D culture systems have enhanced precision medicine through obtaining a more accurate human microenvironmental condition to model disease and/or drug interactions in vitro. In this study, we cover current advances and limitations in stem cell-based cardiac regenerative medicine. Specifically, we discuss the clinical implementation and limitations of stem cell-based technologies and ongoing clinical trials. We then address the advent of 3D culture systems to produce cardiac organoids that may better represent the human heart microenvironment for disease modeling and genetic screening. Finally, we delve into the insights gained from cardiac organoids in relation to cardiac regeneration and further discuss the implications for clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcy Martin
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine (IREM), University of Zurich, 8952 Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Eric K. N. Gähwiler
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine (IREM), University of Zurich, 8952 Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Melanie Generali
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine (IREM), University of Zurich, 8952 Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Simon P. Hoerstrup
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine (IREM), University of Zurich, 8952 Schlieren, Switzerland
- Wyss Zurich Translational Center, University of Zurich and ETH Zurich, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Maximilian Y. Emmert
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine (IREM), University of Zurich, 8952 Schlieren, Switzerland
- Wyss Zurich Translational Center, University of Zurich and ETH Zurich, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, Deutsches Herzzentrum der Charité (DHZC), 13353 Berlin, Germany
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +41-44-634-5610
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49
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Saeed S, Khan SU, Khan WU, Abdel-Maksoud MA, Mubarak AS, Mohammed MA, Kiani FA, Wahab A, Shah MW, Saleem MH. Genome Editing Technology: A New Frontier for the Treatment and Prevention of Cardiovascular Diseases. Curr Probl Cardiol 2023; 48:101692. [PMID: 36898595 DOI: 10.1016/j.cpcardiol.2023.101692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023]
Abstract
Over the past two decades, genome-editing technique has proven to be a robust editing method that revolutionizes the field of biomedicine. At the genetic level, it can be efficiently utilized to generate various disease-resistance models to elucidate the mechanism of human diseases. It also develops an outstanding tool and enables the generation of genetically modified organisms for the treatment and prevention of various diseases. The versatile and novel CRISPR/Cas9 system mitigates the challenges of various GETs such as ZFNs, and TALENs. For this reason, it has become a ground-breaking technology potentially employed to manipulate the desired gene of interest. Interestingly, this system has been broadly utilized due to its tremendous applications for treating and preventing tumors and various rare disorders; however, its applications for treating CVDs remain in infancy. More recently, two newly developed GETs, such as base editing and prime editing, have further broadened the accuracy range to treat CVDs under consideration. Furthermore, recently emerged CRISPR tools have been potentially applied in vivo and in vitro to treat CVDs. To the best of our knowledge, we strongly enlightened the applications of the CRISPR/Cas9 system that opened a new window in the field of cardiovascular research and, in detail, discussed the challenges and limitations of CVDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumbul Saeed
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, P.R, China
| | - Shahid Ullah Khan
- Women Medical and Dental College, Khyber Medical University, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Wasim Ullah Khan
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, PR China.
| | - Mostafa A Abdel-Maksoud
- Botany and Microbiology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ayman S Mubarak
- Botany and Microbiology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Aufy Mohammed
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Faisal Ayub Kiani
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, 60800, Pakistan
| | - Abdul Wahab
- Department of Pharmacy, Kohat University of Science and Technology, Kohat, Khyber, Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | | | - Muhammad Hamzah Saleem
- Office of Academic Research, Office of VP for Research & Graduate Studies, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar
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50
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Bersell KR, Yang T, Mosley JD, Glazer AM, Hale AT, Kryshtal DO, Kim K, Steimle JD, Brown JD, Salem JE, Campbell CC, Hong CC, Wells QS, Johnson AN, Short L, Blair MA, Behr ER, Petropoulou E, Jamshidi Y, Benson MD, Keyes MJ, Ngo D, Vasan RS, Yang Q, Gerszten RE, Shaffer C, Parikh S, Sheng Q, Kannankeril PJ, Moskowitz IP, York JD, Wang TJ, Knollmann BC, Roden DM. Transcriptional Dysregulation Underlies Both Monogenic Arrhythmia Syndrome and Common Modifiers of Cardiac Repolarization. Circulation 2023; 147:824-840. [PMID: 36524479 PMCID: PMC9992308 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.122.062193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Brugada syndrome (BrS) is an inherited arrhythmia syndrome caused by loss-of-function variants in the cardiac sodium channel gene SCN5A (sodium voltage-gated channel alpha subunit 5) in ≈20% of subjects. We identified a family with 4 individuals diagnosed with BrS harboring the rare G145R missense variant in the cardiac transcription factor TBX5 (T-box transcription factor 5) and no SCN5A variant. METHODS We generated induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) from 2 members of a family carrying TBX5-G145R and diagnosed with Brugada syndrome. After differentiation to iPSC-derived cardiomyocytes (iPSC-CMs), electrophysiologic characteristics were assessed by voltage- and current-clamp experiments (n=9 to 21 cells per group) and transcriptional differences by RNA sequencing (n=3 samples per group), and compared with iPSC-CMs in which G145R was corrected by CRISPR/Cas9 approaches. The role of platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)/phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) pathway was elucidated by small molecule perturbation. The rate-corrected QT (QTc) interval association with serum PDGF was tested in the Framingham Heart Study cohort (n=1893 individuals). RESULTS TBX5-G145R reduced transcriptional activity and caused multiple electrophysiologic abnormalities, including decreased peak and enhanced "late" cardiac sodium current (INa), which were entirely corrected by editing G145R to wild-type. Transcriptional profiling and functional assays in genome-unedited and -edited iPSC-CMs showed direct SCN5A down-regulation caused decreased peak INa, and that reduced PDGF receptor (PDGFRA [platelet-derived growth factor receptor α]) expression and blunted signal transduction to PI3K was implicated in enhanced late INa. Tbx5 regulation of the PDGF axis increased arrhythmia risk due to disruption of PDGF signaling and was conserved in murine model systems. PDGF receptor blockade markedly prolonged normal iPSC-CM action potentials and plasma levels of PDGF in the Framingham Heart Study were inversely correlated with the QTc interval (P<0.001). CONCLUSIONS These results not only establish decreased SCN5A transcription by the TBX5 variant as a cause of BrS, but also reveal a new general transcriptional mechanism of arrhythmogenesis of enhanced late sodium current caused by reduced PDGF receptor-mediated PI3K signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin R Bersell
- Departments of Pharmacology (K.R.B., A.M.G., D.O.K., K.K., J-E.S., C.C.C., Q.S.W., S.P., B.C.K., D.M.R.), Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN
| | - Tao Yang
- Medicine (T.Y., J.D.M., J.D.B., J-E.S., Q.S.W., L.S., M.A.B., C.S., T.J.W., B.C.K., D.M.R.), Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN
| | - Jonathan D Mosley
- Departments of Pharmacology (K.R.B., A.M.G., D.O.K., K.K., J-E.S., C.C.C., Q.S.W., S.P., B.C.K., D.M.R.), Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN
| | - Andrew M Glazer
- Departments of Pharmacology (K.R.B., A.M.G., D.O.K., K.K., J-E.S., C.C.C., Q.S.W., S.P., B.C.K., D.M.R.), Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN
| | - Andrew T Hale
- Biochemistry (A.T.H., J.D.Y.), Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN
| | - Dmytro O Kryshtal
- Departments of Pharmacology (K.R.B., A.M.G., D.O.K., K.K., J-E.S., C.C.C., Q.S.W., S.P., B.C.K., D.M.R.), Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN
| | - Kyungsoo Kim
- Departments of Pharmacology (K.R.B., A.M.G., D.O.K., K.K., J-E.S., C.C.C., Q.S.W., S.P., B.C.K., D.M.R.), Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN
| | - Jeffrey D Steimle
- Departments of Pediatrics, Pathology, and Human Genetics, University of Chicago, IL (J.D.S., I.P.M.)
| | - Jonathan D Brown
- Medicine (T.Y., J.D.M., J.D.B., J-E.S., Q.S.W., L.S., M.A.B., C.S., T.J.W., B.C.K., D.M.R.), Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN
| | - Joe-Elie Salem
- Departments of Pharmacology (K.R.B., A.M.G., D.O.K., K.K., J-E.S., C.C.C., Q.S.W., S.P., B.C.K., D.M.R.), Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN
- Medicine (T.Y., J.D.M., J.D.B., J-E.S., Q.S.W., L.S., M.A.B., C.S., T.J.W., B.C.K., D.M.R.), Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN
- Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Department of Pharmacology, CIC-1901, Sorbonne University, Paris, France (J-E.S.)
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, Faculty of Medicine, France (J-E.S.)
| | - Courtney C Campbell
- Departments of Pharmacology (K.R.B., A.M.G., D.O.K., K.K., J-E.S., C.C.C., Q.S.W., S.P., B.C.K., D.M.R.), Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN
| | - Charles C Hong
- Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore (C.C.H.)
| | - Quinn S Wells
- Departments of Pharmacology (K.R.B., A.M.G., D.O.K., K.K., J-E.S., C.C.C., Q.S.W., S.P., B.C.K., D.M.R.), Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN
- Medicine (T.Y., J.D.M., J.D.B., J-E.S., Q.S.W., L.S., M.A.B., C.S., T.J.W., B.C.K., D.M.R.), Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN
- Biomedical Informatics (Q.S.W., D.M.R.), Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN
| | - Amanda N Johnson
- Molecular Physiology and Biophysics (A.N.J.), Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN
| | - Laura Short
- Medicine (T.Y., J.D.M., J.D.B., J-E.S., Q.S.W., L.S., M.A.B., C.S., T.J.W., B.C.K., D.M.R.), Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN
| | - Marcia A Blair
- Medicine (T.Y., J.D.M., J.D.B., J-E.S., Q.S.W., L.S., M.A.B., C.S., T.J.W., B.C.K., D.M.R.), Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN
| | | | - Evmorfia Petropoulou
- Cardiology Clinical Academic Group, Molecular and Clinical Sciences Institute, St George's, University of London and St George's University Hospitals National Health Service Foundation Trust, London, UK (E.P., Y.J.)
| | - Yalda Jamshidi
- Cardiology Clinical Academic Group, Molecular and Clinical Sciences Institute, St George's, University of London and St George's University Hospitals National Health Service Foundation Trust, London, UK (E.P., Y.J.)
| | - Mark D Benson
- Cardiovascular Research Center (E.J.B., M.D.B., M.J.K., R.E.G.), Beth Israel Deaconess Hospital, Boston, MA
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA (M.D.B.)
| | - Michelle J Keyes
- Cardiovascular Research Center (E.J.B., M.D.B., M.J.K., R.E.G.), Beth Israel Deaconess Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Debby Ngo
- Division of Pulmonary and Cardiovascular Medicine (D.N., R.E.G.), Beth Israel Deaconess Hospital, Boston, MA
| | | | - Qiong Yang
- Boston University School of Medicine, MA (R.S.V., Q.Y.)
| | - Robert E Gerszten
- Cardiovascular Research Center (E.J.B., M.D.B., M.J.K., R.E.G.), Beth Israel Deaconess Hospital, Boston, MA
- Division of Pulmonary and Cardiovascular Medicine (D.N., R.E.G.), Beth Israel Deaconess Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Christian Shaffer
- Medicine (T.Y., J.D.M., J.D.B., J-E.S., Q.S.W., L.S., M.A.B., C.S., T.J.W., B.C.K., D.M.R.), Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN
| | - Shan Parikh
- Departments of Pharmacology (K.R.B., A.M.G., D.O.K., K.K., J-E.S., C.C.C., Q.S.W., S.P., B.C.K., D.M.R.), Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN
| | | | | | - Ivan P Moskowitz
- Departments of Pediatrics, Pathology, and Human Genetics, University of Chicago, IL (J.D.S., I.P.M.)
| | - John D York
- Biochemistry (A.T.H., J.D.Y.), Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN
| | - Thomas J Wang
- Medicine (T.Y., J.D.M., J.D.B., J-E.S., Q.S.W., L.S., M.A.B., C.S., T.J.W., B.C.K., D.M.R.), Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN
| | - Bjorn C Knollmann
- Departments of Pharmacology (K.R.B., A.M.G., D.O.K., K.K., J-E.S., C.C.C., Q.S.W., S.P., B.C.K., D.M.R.), Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN
- Medicine (T.Y., J.D.M., J.D.B., J-E.S., Q.S.W., L.S., M.A.B., C.S., T.J.W., B.C.K., D.M.R.), Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN
| | - Dan M Roden
- Departments of Pharmacology (K.R.B., A.M.G., D.O.K., K.K., J-E.S., C.C.C., Q.S.W., S.P., B.C.K., D.M.R.), Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN
- Medicine (T.Y., J.D.M., J.D.B., J-E.S., Q.S.W., L.S., M.A.B., C.S., T.J.W., B.C.K., D.M.R.), Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN
- Biomedical Informatics (Q.S.W., D.M.R.), Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN
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