1
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Li Z, Wu Q, Yan N. A structural atlas of druggable sites on Na v channels. Channels (Austin) 2024; 18:2287832. [PMID: 38033122 PMCID: PMC10732651 DOI: 10.1080/19336950.2023.2287832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Voltage-gated sodium (Nav) channels govern membrane excitability by initiating and propagating action potentials. Consistent with their physiological significance, dysfunction, or mutations in these channels are associated with various channelopathies. Nav channels are thereby major targets for various clinical and investigational drugs. In addition, a large number of natural toxins, both small molecules and peptides, can bind to Nav channels and modulate their functions. Technological breakthrough in cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) has enabled the determination of high-resolution structures of eukaryotic and eventually human Nav channels, alone or in complex with auxiliary subunits, toxins, and drugs. These studies have not only advanced our comprehension of channel architecture and working mechanisms but also afforded unprecedented clarity to the molecular basis for the binding and mechanism of action (MOA) of prototypical drugs and toxins. In this review, we will provide an overview of the recent advances in structural pharmacology of Nav channels, encompassing the structural map for ligand binding on Nav channels. These findings have established a vital groundwork for future drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhangqiang Li
- Beijing Frontier Research Center for Biological Structures, State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Tsinghua-Peking Joint Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Qiurong Wu
- Beijing Frontier Research Center for Biological Structures, State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Tsinghua-Peking Joint Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Nieng Yan
- Beijing Frontier Research Center for Biological Structures, State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Tsinghua-Peking Joint Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
- Shenzhen Medical Academy of Research and Translation, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China
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2
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Huang J, Pan X, Yan N. Structural biology and molecular pharmacology of voltage-gated ion channels. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2024; 25:904-925. [PMID: 39103479 DOI: 10.1038/s41580-024-00763-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 08/07/2024]
Abstract
Voltage-gated ion channels (VGICs), including those for Na+, Ca2+ and K+, selectively permeate ions across the cell membrane in response to changes in membrane potential, thus participating in physiological processes involving electrical signalling, such as neurotransmission, muscle contraction and hormone secretion. Aberrant function or dysregulation of VGICs is associated with a diversity of neurological, psychiatric, cardiovascular and muscular disorders, and approximately 10% of FDA-approved drugs directly target VGICs. Understanding the structure-function relationship of VGICs is crucial for our comprehension of their working mechanisms and role in diseases. In this Review, we discuss how advances in single-particle cryo-electron microscopy have afforded unprecedented structural insights into VGICs, especially on their interactions with clinical and investigational drugs. We present a comprehensive overview of the recent advances in the structural biology of VGICs, with a focus on how prototypical drugs and toxins modulate VGIC activities. We explore how these structures elucidate the molecular basis for drug actions, reveal novel pharmacological sites, and provide critical clues to future drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Huang
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Xiaojing Pan
- Institute of Bio-Architecture and Bio-Interactions (IBABI), Shenzhen Medical Academy of Research and Translation (SMART), Shenzhen, Guangdong, China.
| | - Nieng Yan
- Institute of Bio-Architecture and Bio-Interactions (IBABI), Shenzhen Medical Academy of Research and Translation (SMART), Shenzhen, Guangdong, China.
- Beijing Frontier Research Center for Biological Structure, Tsinghua-Peking Joint Center for Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.
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3
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Infield D, Schene ME, Galpin JD, Ahern CA. Genetic Code Expansion for Mechanistic Studies in Ion Channels: An (Un)natural Union of Chemistry and Biology. Chem Rev 2024; 124:11523-11543. [PMID: 39207057 PMCID: PMC11503617 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.4c00306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2024] [Revised: 08/12/2024] [Accepted: 08/16/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
Ion channels play central roles in biology and human health by catalyzing the transmembrane flow of electrical charge. These proteins are ideal targets for genetic code expansion (GCE) methods because it is feasible to measure ion channel activity from miniscule amounts of protein and to analyze the resulting data via rigorous, established biophysical methods. In an ideal scenario, the encoding of synthetic, noncanonical amino acids via GCE allows the experimenter to ask questions inaccessible to traditional methods. For this reason, GCE has been successfully applied to a variety of ligand- and voltage-gated channels wherein extensive structural, functional, and pharmacological data exist. Here, we provide a comprehensive summary of GCE as applied to ion channels. We begin with an overview of the methods used to encode noncanonical amino acids in channels and then describe mechanistic studies wherein GCE was used for photochemistry (cross-linking; caged amino acids) and atomic mutagenesis (isosteric manipulation of charge and aromaticity; backbone mutation). Lastly, we cover recent advances in the encoding of fluorescent amino acids for the real-time study of protein conformational dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel
T. Infield
- Department of Molecular Physiology
and Biophysics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, United States
| | - Miranda E. Schene
- Department of Molecular Physiology
and Biophysics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, United States
| | - Jason D. Galpin
- Department of Molecular Physiology
and Biophysics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, United States
| | - Christopher A. Ahern
- Department of Molecular Physiology
and Biophysics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, United States
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4
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Phulera S, Dickson CJ, Schwalen CJ, Khoshouei M, Cassell SJ, Sun Y, Condos T, Whicher J, Weihofen WA. Scorpion α-toxin LqhαIT specifically interacts with a glycan at the pore domain of voltage-gated sodium channels. Structure 2024; 32:1611-1620.e4. [PMID: 39181123 DOI: 10.1016/j.str.2024.07.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2024] [Revised: 06/13/2024] [Accepted: 07/30/2024] [Indexed: 08/27/2024]
Abstract
Voltage-gated sodium (Nav) channels sense membrane potential and drive cellular electrical activity. The deathstalker scorpion α-toxin LqhαIT exerts a strong action potential prolonging effect on Nav channels. To elucidate the mechanism of action of LqhαIT, we determined a 3.9 Å cryoelectron microscopy (cryo-EM) structure of LqhαIT in complex with the Nav channel from Periplaneta americana (NavPas). We found that LqhαIT binds to voltage sensor domain 4 and traps it in an "S4 down" conformation. The functionally essential C-terminal epitope of LqhαIT forms an extensive interface with the glycan scaffold linked to Asn330 of NavPas that augments a small protein-protein interface between NavPas and LqhαIT. A combination of molecular dynamics simulations, structural comparisons, and prior mutagenesis experiments demonstrates the functional importance of this toxin-glycan interaction. These findings establish a structural basis for the specificity achieved by scorpion α-toxins and reveal the conserved glycan as an essential component of the toxin-binding epitope.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swastik Phulera
- Discovery Sciences, Novartis Biomedical Research, 250 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Callum J Dickson
- Global Discovery Chemistry, Novartis Biomedical Research, 181 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Christopher J Schwalen
- Global Discovery Chemistry, Novartis Biomedical Research, 181 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Maryam Khoshouei
- Discovery Sciences, Novartis Biomedical Research, Novartis Pharma AG, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Samantha J Cassell
- Discovery Sciences, Novartis Biomedical Research, 250 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Yishan Sun
- Neuroscience, Novartis Biomedical Research, 22 Windsor St, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Tara Condos
- Discovery Sciences, Novartis Biomedical Research, 250 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Jonathan Whicher
- Discovery Sciences, Novartis Biomedical Research, 250 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
| | - Wilhelm A Weihofen
- Discovery Sciences, Novartis Biomedical Research, 250 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
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5
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Wang D, Sun L, Shen WT, Haggard A, Yu Y, Zhang JA, Fang RH, Gao W, Zhang L. Neuronal Membrane-Derived Nanodiscs for Broad-Spectrum Neurotoxin Detoxification. ACS NANO 2024; 18:25069-25080. [PMID: 39190873 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.4c06708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/29/2024]
Abstract
Neurotoxins pose significant challenges in defense and healthcare due to their disruptive effects on nervous tissues. Their extreme potency and enormous structural diversity have hindered the development of effective antidotes. Motivated by the properties of cell membrane-derived nanodiscs, such as their ultrasmall size, disc shape, and inherent cell membrane functions, here, we develop neuronal membrane-derived nanodiscs (denoted "Neuron-NDs") as a countermeasure nanomedicine for broad-spectrum neurotoxin detoxification. We fabricate Neuron-NDs using the plasma membrane of human SH-SY5Y neurons and demonstrate their effectiveness in detoxifying tetrodotoxin (TTX) and botulinum toxin (BoNT), two model toxins with distinct mechanisms of action. Cell-based assays confirm the ability of Neuron-NDs to inhibit TTX-induced ion channel blockage and BoNT-mediated inhibition of synaptic vesicle recycling. In mouse models of TTX and BoNT intoxication, treatment with Neuron-NDs effectively improves survival rates in both therapeutic and preventative settings. Importantly, high-dose administration of Neuron-NDs shows no observable acute toxicity in mice, indicating its safety profile. Overall, our study highlights the facile fabrication of Neuron-NDs and their broad-spectrum detoxification capabilities, offering promising solutions for neurotoxin-related challenges in biodefense and therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Wang
- Aiiso Yufeng Li Family Department of Chemical and Nano Engineering, Shu and K.C. Chien and Peter Farrell Collaboratory, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Lei Sun
- Aiiso Yufeng Li Family Department of Chemical and Nano Engineering, Shu and K.C. Chien and Peter Farrell Collaboratory, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Wei-Ting Shen
- Aiiso Yufeng Li Family Department of Chemical and Nano Engineering, Shu and K.C. Chien and Peter Farrell Collaboratory, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Austin Haggard
- Aiiso Yufeng Li Family Department of Chemical and Nano Engineering, Shu and K.C. Chien and Peter Farrell Collaboratory, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Yiyan Yu
- Aiiso Yufeng Li Family Department of Chemical and Nano Engineering, Shu and K.C. Chien and Peter Farrell Collaboratory, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Jiayuan Alex Zhang
- Aiiso Yufeng Li Family Department of Chemical and Nano Engineering, Shu and K.C. Chien and Peter Farrell Collaboratory, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Ronnie H Fang
- Aiiso Yufeng Li Family Department of Chemical and Nano Engineering, Shu and K.C. Chien and Peter Farrell Collaboratory, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Weiwei Gao
- Aiiso Yufeng Li Family Department of Chemical and Nano Engineering, Shu and K.C. Chien and Peter Farrell Collaboratory, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Liangfang Zhang
- Aiiso Yufeng Li Family Department of Chemical and Nano Engineering, Shu and K.C. Chien and Peter Farrell Collaboratory, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
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6
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Hu J, Han Y, Luo A, Zhang H, Tian L, Cai H, Xue B, Lai R, Luo L. Gating elements for carvacrol activation of the OTOP1 proton channel. Commun Biol 2024; 7:1106. [PMID: 39251752 PMCID: PMC11384762 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-024-06818-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 08/30/2024] [Indexed: 09/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Otopetrin 1 (OTOP1) is a proton-activated channel crucial for animals' perception of sour taste. Despite its significance, the gating mechanism of OTOP1 remains poorly understood. Here, we demonstrate that carvacrol activates the mouse OTOP1 (mOTOP1) channel under neutral and acidic conditions. Functional analysis showed that carvacrol enhances pH fluorescence signals in OTOP1-expressing cells, with reduced efficacy at lower pH levels. Carvacrol selectively activates mOTOP1, while mOTOP2, mOTOP3, and Chelonia mydas OTOP1 (CmOTOP1) are insensitive to carvacrol activation under neutral pH. Through chimera and point mutation experiments, swapping S134 in transmembrane segment 3 (TM3) and T247 in the TM5-6 linker abolished carvacrol activation of mOTOP1 and conferred activation on CmOTOP1, suggesting these two residues are critical for carvacrol sensitivity. These findings highlight TM3 and TM5-6 linker as pivotal gating apparatus of OTOP1 channels and potential docking sites for drug design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingmei Hu
- Engineering Laboratory of Peptides of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioactive Peptides of Yunnan Province, KIZ-CUHK Joint Laboratory of Bioresources and Molecular Research in Common Diseases, National Resource Center for Non-Human Primates, National Research Facility for Phenotypic & Genetic Analysis of Model Animals (Primate Facility), Key Laboratory of Genetic Evolution & Animal Models, Sino-African Joint Research Center, and New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, Kunming Institute of Zoology, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China
- Kunming College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yalan Han
- Engineering Laboratory of Peptides of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioactive Peptides of Yunnan Province, KIZ-CUHK Joint Laboratory of Bioresources and Molecular Research in Common Diseases, National Resource Center for Non-Human Primates, National Research Facility for Phenotypic & Genetic Analysis of Model Animals (Primate Facility), Key Laboratory of Genetic Evolution & Animal Models, Sino-African Joint Research Center, and New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, Kunming Institute of Zoology, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Anna Luo
- Engineering Laboratory of Peptides of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioactive Peptides of Yunnan Province, KIZ-CUHK Joint Laboratory of Bioresources and Molecular Research in Common Diseases, National Resource Center for Non-Human Primates, National Research Facility for Phenotypic & Genetic Analysis of Model Animals (Primate Facility), Key Laboratory of Genetic Evolution & Animal Models, Sino-African Joint Research Center, and New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, Kunming Institute of Zoology, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- Engineering Laboratory of Peptides of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioactive Peptides of Yunnan Province, KIZ-CUHK Joint Laboratory of Bioresources and Molecular Research in Common Diseases, National Resource Center for Non-Human Primates, National Research Facility for Phenotypic & Genetic Analysis of Model Animals (Primate Facility), Key Laboratory of Genetic Evolution & Animal Models, Sino-African Joint Research Center, and New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, Kunming Institute of Zoology, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Lifeng Tian
- Engineering Laboratory of Peptides of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioactive Peptides of Yunnan Province, KIZ-CUHK Joint Laboratory of Bioresources and Molecular Research in Common Diseases, National Resource Center for Non-Human Primates, National Research Facility for Phenotypic & Genetic Analysis of Model Animals (Primate Facility), Key Laboratory of Genetic Evolution & Animal Models, Sino-African Joint Research Center, and New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, Kunming Institute of Zoology, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Huajun Cai
- Engineering Laboratory of Peptides of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioactive Peptides of Yunnan Province, KIZ-CUHK Joint Laboratory of Bioresources and Molecular Research in Common Diseases, National Resource Center for Non-Human Primates, National Research Facility for Phenotypic & Genetic Analysis of Model Animals (Primate Facility), Key Laboratory of Genetic Evolution & Animal Models, Sino-African Joint Research Center, and New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, Kunming Institute of Zoology, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China
- Kunming College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Beiru Xue
- Engineering Laboratory of Peptides of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioactive Peptides of Yunnan Province, KIZ-CUHK Joint Laboratory of Bioresources and Molecular Research in Common Diseases, National Resource Center for Non-Human Primates, National Research Facility for Phenotypic & Genetic Analysis of Model Animals (Primate Facility), Key Laboratory of Genetic Evolution & Animal Models, Sino-African Joint Research Center, and New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, Kunming Institute of Zoology, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China
- Kunming College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Department of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ren Lai
- Engineering Laboratory of Peptides of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioactive Peptides of Yunnan Province, KIZ-CUHK Joint Laboratory of Bioresources and Molecular Research in Common Diseases, National Resource Center for Non-Human Primates, National Research Facility for Phenotypic & Genetic Analysis of Model Animals (Primate Facility), Key Laboratory of Genetic Evolution & Animal Models, Sino-African Joint Research Center, and New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, Kunming Institute of Zoology, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China.
- Kunming College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China.
- Department of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Lei Luo
- Engineering Laboratory of Peptides of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioactive Peptides of Yunnan Province, KIZ-CUHK Joint Laboratory of Bioresources and Molecular Research in Common Diseases, National Resource Center for Non-Human Primates, National Research Facility for Phenotypic & Genetic Analysis of Model Animals (Primate Facility), Key Laboratory of Genetic Evolution & Animal Models, Sino-African Joint Research Center, and New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, Kunming Institute of Zoology, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China.
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7
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Jin X, Huang J, Wang H, Wang K, Yan N. A versatile residue numbering scheme for Na v and Ca v channels. Cell Chem Biol 2024; 31:1394-1404. [PMID: 39151406 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2024.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2024] [Revised: 07/01/2024] [Accepted: 07/18/2024] [Indexed: 08/19/2024]
Abstract
Voltage-gated sodium (Nav) and calcium (Cav) channels are responsible for the initiation of electrical signals. They have long been targeted for the treatment of various diseases. The mounting number of cryoelectron microscopy (cryo-EM) structures for diverse subtypes of Nav and Cav channels from multiple organisms necessitates a generic residue numbering system to establish the structure-function relationship and to aid rational drug design or optimization. Here we suggest a structure-based residue numbering scheme, centering around the most conserved residues on each of the functional segments. We elaborate the generic numbers through illustrative examples, focusing on representative drug-binding sites of eukaryotic Nav and Cav channels. We also extend the numbering scheme to compare common disease mutations among different Nav subtypes. Application of the generic residue numbering scheme affords immediate insights into hotspots for pathogenic mutations and critical loci for drug binding and will facilitate drug discovery targeting Nav and Cav channels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueqin Jin
- Beijing Frontier Research Center for Biological Structures, State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Tsinghua-Peking Joint Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
| | - Jian Huang
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA.
| | - Huan Wang
- Beijing Frontier Research Center for Biological Structures, State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Tsinghua-Peking Joint Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Kan Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Nieng Yan
- Beijing Frontier Research Center for Biological Structures, State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Tsinghua-Peking Joint Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; Institute of Bio-Architecture and Bio-Interactions (IBABI), Shenzhen Medical Academy of Research and Translation, Guangming District, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province 518107, China; Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Guangming District, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province 518132, China.
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8
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Pei S, Wang N, Mei Z, Zhangsun D, Craik DJ, McIntosh JM, Zhu X, Luo S. Conotoxins Targeting Voltage-Gated Sodium Ion Channels. Pharmacol Rev 2024; 76:828-845. [PMID: 38914468 PMCID: PMC11331937 DOI: 10.1124/pharmrev.123.000923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Revised: 06/17/2024] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Voltage-gated sodium (NaV) channels are intimately involved in the generation and transmission of action potentials, and dysfunction of these channels may contribute to nervous system diseases, such as epilepsy, neuropathic pain, psychosis, autism, and cardiac arrhythmia. Many venom peptides selectively act on NaV channels. These include conotoxins, which are neurotoxins secreted by cone snails for prey capture or self-defense but which are also valuable pharmacological tools for the identification and/or treatment of human diseases. Typically, conotoxins contain two or three disulfide bonds, and these internal crossbraces contribute to conotoxins having compact, well defined structures and high stability. Of the conotoxins containing three disulfide bonds, some selectively target mammalian NaV channels and can block, stimulate, or modulate these channels. Such conotoxins have great potential to serve as pharmacological tools for studying the functions and characteristics of NaV channels or as drug leads for neurologic diseases related to NaV channels. Accordingly, discovering or designing conotoxins targeting NaV channels with high potency and selectivity is important. The amino acid sequences, disulfide bond connectivity, and three-dimensional structures are key factors that affect the biological activity of conotoxins, and targeted synthetic modifications of conotoxins can greatly improve their activity and selectivity. This review examines NaV channel-targeted conotoxins, focusing on their structures, activities, and designed modifications, with a view toward expanding their applications. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: NaV channels are crucial in various neurologic diseases. Some conotoxins selectively target NaV channels, causing either blockade or activation, thus enabling their use as pharmacological tools for studying the channels' characteristics and functions. Conotoxins also have promising potential to be developed as drug leads. The disulfide bonds in these peptides are important for stabilizing their structures, thus leading to enhanced specificity and potency. Together, conotoxins targeting NaV channels have both immediate research value and promising future application prospects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengrong Pei
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Special Biomedicine, School of Medicine, Guangxi University, Nanning, China (S.P., N.W., Z.M., D.Z., X.Z., S.L.); Key Laboratory of Tropical Biological Resources of Ministry of Education, Hainan University, Haikou, China (D.Z., S.L.); Institute for Molecular Bioscience, Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Innovations in Peptide and Protein Science, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia (D.J.C.); Departments of Biology and Psychiatry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah (J.M.M.); and George E. Wahlen Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Salt Lake City, Utah (J.M.M.)
| | - Nan Wang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Special Biomedicine, School of Medicine, Guangxi University, Nanning, China (S.P., N.W., Z.M., D.Z., X.Z., S.L.); Key Laboratory of Tropical Biological Resources of Ministry of Education, Hainan University, Haikou, China (D.Z., S.L.); Institute for Molecular Bioscience, Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Innovations in Peptide and Protein Science, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia (D.J.C.); Departments of Biology and Psychiatry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah (J.M.M.); and George E. Wahlen Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Salt Lake City, Utah (J.M.M.)
| | - Zaoli Mei
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Special Biomedicine, School of Medicine, Guangxi University, Nanning, China (S.P., N.W., Z.M., D.Z., X.Z., S.L.); Key Laboratory of Tropical Biological Resources of Ministry of Education, Hainan University, Haikou, China (D.Z., S.L.); Institute for Molecular Bioscience, Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Innovations in Peptide and Protein Science, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia (D.J.C.); Departments of Biology and Psychiatry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah (J.M.M.); and George E. Wahlen Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Salt Lake City, Utah (J.M.M.)
| | - Dongting Zhangsun
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Special Biomedicine, School of Medicine, Guangxi University, Nanning, China (S.P., N.W., Z.M., D.Z., X.Z., S.L.); Key Laboratory of Tropical Biological Resources of Ministry of Education, Hainan University, Haikou, China (D.Z., S.L.); Institute for Molecular Bioscience, Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Innovations in Peptide and Protein Science, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia (D.J.C.); Departments of Biology and Psychiatry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah (J.M.M.); and George E. Wahlen Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Salt Lake City, Utah (J.M.M.)
| | - David J Craik
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Special Biomedicine, School of Medicine, Guangxi University, Nanning, China (S.P., N.W., Z.M., D.Z., X.Z., S.L.); Key Laboratory of Tropical Biological Resources of Ministry of Education, Hainan University, Haikou, China (D.Z., S.L.); Institute for Molecular Bioscience, Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Innovations in Peptide and Protein Science, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia (D.J.C.); Departments of Biology and Psychiatry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah (J.M.M.); and George E. Wahlen Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Salt Lake City, Utah (J.M.M.)
| | - J Michael McIntosh
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Special Biomedicine, School of Medicine, Guangxi University, Nanning, China (S.P., N.W., Z.M., D.Z., X.Z., S.L.); Key Laboratory of Tropical Biological Resources of Ministry of Education, Hainan University, Haikou, China (D.Z., S.L.); Institute for Molecular Bioscience, Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Innovations in Peptide and Protein Science, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia (D.J.C.); Departments of Biology and Psychiatry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah (J.M.M.); and George E. Wahlen Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Salt Lake City, Utah (J.M.M.)
| | - Xiaopeng Zhu
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Special Biomedicine, School of Medicine, Guangxi University, Nanning, China (S.P., N.W., Z.M., D.Z., X.Z., S.L.); Key Laboratory of Tropical Biological Resources of Ministry of Education, Hainan University, Haikou, China (D.Z., S.L.); Institute for Molecular Bioscience, Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Innovations in Peptide and Protein Science, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia (D.J.C.); Departments of Biology and Psychiatry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah (J.M.M.); and George E. Wahlen Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Salt Lake City, Utah (J.M.M.)
| | - Sulan Luo
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Special Biomedicine, School of Medicine, Guangxi University, Nanning, China (S.P., N.W., Z.M., D.Z., X.Z., S.L.); Key Laboratory of Tropical Biological Resources of Ministry of Education, Hainan University, Haikou, China (D.Z., S.L.); Institute for Molecular Bioscience, Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Innovations in Peptide and Protein Science, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia (D.J.C.); Departments of Biology and Psychiatry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah (J.M.M.); and George E. Wahlen Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Salt Lake City, Utah (J.M.M.)
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9
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Zhao Z, Tajkhorshid E. GOLEM: Automated and Robust Cryo-EM-Guided Ligand Docking with Explicit Water Molecules. J Chem Inf Model 2024; 64:5680-5690. [PMID: 38990699 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jcim.4c00917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/13/2024]
Abstract
A detailed understanding of ligand-protein interaction is essential for developing rational drug-design strategies. In recent years, technological advances in cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) brought a new era to the structural determination of biological macromolecules and assemblies at high resolution, marking cryo-EM as a promising tool for studying ligand-protein interactions. However, even in high-resolution cryo-EM results, the densities for the bound small-molecule ligands are often of lower quality due to their relatively dynamic and flexible nature, frustrating their accurate coordinate assignment. To address the challenge of ligand modeling in cryo-EM maps, here we report the development of GOLEM (Genetic Optimization of Ligands in Experimental Maps), an automated and robust ligand docking method that predicts a ligand's pose and conformation in cryo-EM maps. GOLEM employs a Lamarckian genetic algorithm to perform a hybrid global/local search for exploring the ligand's conformational, orientational, and positional space. As an important feature, GOLEM explicitly considers water molecules and places them at optimal positions and orientations. GOLEM takes into account both molecular energetics and the correlation with the cryo-EM maps in its scoring function to optimally place the ligand. We have validated GOLEM against multiple cryo-EM structures with a wide range of map resolutions and ligand types, returning ligand poses in excellent agreement with the densities. As a VMD plugin, GOLEM is free of charge and accessible to the community. With these features, GOLEM will provide a valuable tool for ligand modeling in cryo-EM efforts toward drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyu Zhao
- Theoretical and Computational Biophysics Group, NIH Resource Center for Macromolecular Modeling and Visualization, Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, Department of Biochemistry, and Center for Biophysics and Quantitative Biology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Emad Tajkhorshid
- Theoretical and Computational Biophysics Group, NIH Resource Center for Macromolecular Modeling and Visualization, Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, Department of Biochemistry, and Center for Biophysics and Quantitative Biology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
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10
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Elleman AV, Milicic N, Williams DJ, Simko J, Liu CJ, Haynes AL, Ehrlich DE, Makinson CD, Du Bois J. Behavioral control through the direct, focal silencing of neuronal activity. Cell Chem Biol 2024; 31:1324-1335.e20. [PMID: 38729162 PMCID: PMC11260259 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2024.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
The ability to optically stimulate and inhibit neurons has revolutionized neuroscience research. Here, we present a direct, potent, user-friendly chemical approach for optically silencing neurons. We have rendered saxitoxin (STX), a naturally occurring paralytic agent, transiently inert through chemical protection with a previously undisclosed nitrobenzyl-derived photocleavable group. Exposing the caged toxin, STX-bpc, to a brief (5 ms) pulse of light effects rapid release of a potent STX derivative and transient, spatially precise blockade of voltage-gated sodium channels (NaVs). We demonstrate the efficacy of STX-bpc for parametrically manipulating action potentials in mammalian neurons and brain slice. Additionally, we show the effectiveness of this reagent for silencing neural activity by dissecting sensory-evoked swimming in larval zebrafish. Photo-uncaging of STX-bpc is a straightforward method for non-invasive, reversible, spatiotemporally precise neural silencing without the need for genetic access, thus removing barriers for comparative research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna V Elleman
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, 333 Campus Drive, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Nikola Milicic
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 121 Integrative Biology Research Building, 1117 W Johnson St, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Damian J Williams
- Department of Neurology, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, 710 W 168th St, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Jane Simko
- Department of Neurology, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, 710 W 168th St, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Christine J Liu
- Department of Neurology, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, 710 W 168th St, New York, NY 10032, USA; Department of Neuroscience, Columbia University, Jerome L. Greene Science Center, 3227 Broadway, MC 9872, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Allison L Haynes
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, 333 Campus Drive, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - David E Ehrlich
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 121 Integrative Biology Research Building, 1117 W Johnson St, Madison, WI 53706, USA.
| | - Christopher D Makinson
- Department of Neurology, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, 710 W 168th St, New York, NY 10032, USA; Department of Neuroscience, Columbia University, Jerome L. Greene Science Center, 3227 Broadway, MC 9872, New York, NY 10027, USA.
| | - J Du Bois
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, 333 Campus Drive, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
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11
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Luo A, He J, Yu J, Wu Y, Harvey PJ, Kasheverov IE, Kudryavtsev DS, McIntosh JM, Tsetlin VI, Craik DJ, Zhangsun D, Luo S. Aspartic acid mutagenesis of αO-Conotoxin GeXIVA isomers reveals arginine residues crucial for inhibition of the α9α10 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 271:132472. [PMID: 38772455 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.132472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2024] [Revised: 05/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/23/2024]
Abstract
The two most active disulfide bond isomers of the analgesic αO-conotoxin GeXIVA, namely GeXIVA[1, 2] and GeXIVA[1, 4], were subjected to Asp-scanning mutagenesis to determine the key amino acid residues for activity at the rat α9α10 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR). These studies revealed the key role of arginine residues for the activity of GeXIVA isomers towards the α9α10 nAChR. Based on these results, additional analogues with 2-4 mutations were designed and tested. The analogues [T1A,D14A,V28K]GeXIVA[1, 2] and [D14A,I23A,V28K]GeXIVA[1, 4] were developed and showed sub-nanomolar activity for the α9α10 nAChR with IC50 values of 0.79 and 0.38 nM. The latter analogue had exceptional selectivity for the α9α10 receptor subtype over other nAChR subtypes and can be considered as a drug candidate for further development. Molecular dynamics of receptor-ligand complexes allowed us to make deductions about the possible causes of increases in the affinity of key GeXIVA[1, 4] mutants for the α9α10 nAChR.
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Affiliation(s)
- An Luo
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Biological Resources of Ministry of Education, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China; Guangxi Key Laboratory of Special Biomedicine, School of Medicine, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Jie He
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Special Biomedicine, School of Medicine, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Jinpeng Yu
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Special Biomedicine, School of Medicine, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Yong Wu
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Special Biomedicine, School of Medicine, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Peta J Harvey
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Innovations in Peptide and Protein Science, The University of Queensland, Brisbane 4072, Australia
| | - Igor E Kasheverov
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Miklukho-Maklaya str. 16/10, Moscow 117997, Russian Federation
| | - Denis S Kudryavtsev
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Miklukho-Maklaya str. 16/10, Moscow 117997, Russian Federation
| | - J Michael McIntosh
- Departments of Biology and Psychiatry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City 84112, USA. George E. Wahlen Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Salt Lake City, USA 84108
| | - Victor I Tsetlin
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Miklukho-Maklaya str. 16/10, Moscow 117997, Russian Federation
| | - David J Craik
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Innovations in Peptide and Protein Science, The University of Queensland, Brisbane 4072, Australia
| | - Dongting Zhangsun
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Biological Resources of Ministry of Education, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China; Guangxi Key Laboratory of Special Biomedicine, School of Medicine, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China.
| | - Sulan Luo
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Biological Resources of Ministry of Education, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China; Guangxi Key Laboratory of Special Biomedicine, School of Medicine, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China.
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12
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Tonggu L, Wisedchaisri G, Gamal El-Din TM, Lenaeus MJ, Logan MM, Toma T, Du Bois J, Zheng N, Catterall WA. Dual receptor-sites reveal the structural basis for hyperactivation of sodium channels by poison-dart toxin batrachotoxin. Nat Commun 2024; 15:2306. [PMID: 38485923 PMCID: PMC10940626 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-45958-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024] Open
Abstract
The poison dart toxin batrachotoxin is exceptional for its high potency and toxicity, and for its multifaceted modification of the function of voltage-gated sodium channels. By using cryogenic electron microscopy, we identify two homologous, but nonidentical receptor sites that simultaneously bind two molecules of toxin, one at the interface between Domains I and IV, and the other at the interface between Domains III and IV of the cardiac sodium channel. Together, these two bound toxin molecules stabilize α/π helical conformation in the S6 segments that gate the pore, and one of the bound BTX-B molecules interacts with the crucial Lys1421 residue that is essential for sodium conductance and selectivity via an apparent water-bridged hydrogen bond. Overall, our structure provides insight into batrachotoxin's potency, efficacy, and multifaceted functional effects on voltage-gated sodium channels via a dual receptor site mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lige Tonggu
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | | | | | - Michael J Lenaeus
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Matthew M Logan
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
- Vividion Therapeutics, Inc., 5820 Nancy Ridge Dr., San Diego, CA, 92121, USA
| | - Tatsuya Toma
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
- PRISM BioLab Co., Ltd., 2-26-1 Muraokahigashi, Fujisawa-shi, Kanagawa, 251-8555, Japan
| | - Justin Du Bois
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Ning Zheng
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA.
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA.
| | - William A Catterall
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA.
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13
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Matkivska R, Samborska I, Maievskyi O. Effect of animal venom toxins on the main links of the homeostasis of mammals (Review). Biomed Rep 2024; 20:16. [PMID: 38144889 PMCID: PMC10739175 DOI: 10.3892/br.2023.1704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The human body is affected by environmental factors. The dynamic balance between the organism and its environment results from the influence of natural, anthropogenic and social aspects. The factors of exogenous origin determine development of adaptive changes. The present article summarises the mechanisms of animal venom toxins and homeostasis disruption in the body of mammals. The mechanisms underlying pathological changes are associated with shifts in biochemical reactions. Components of the immune, nervous and endocrine systems are key in the host defense and adaptation processes in response to venom by triggering signalling pathways (PI3kinase pathway, arachidonic acid cascade). Animal venom toxins initiate the development of inflammatory processes, the synthesis of pro-inflammatory mediators (cytokines), ROS, proteolytic enzymes, activate the migration of leukocytes and macrophages. Keratinocytes and endothelial cells act as protective barriers under the action of animal venom toxins on the body of mammals. In addition, the formation of pores in cell membranes, structural changes in cell ion channels are characteristic of the action of animal venom toxins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruzhena Matkivska
- Department of Descriptive and Clinical Anatomy, Bogomolets National Medical University, Kyiv 03680, Ukraine
| | - Inha Samborska
- Department of Biological and General Chemistry, National Pirogov Memorial Medical University, Vinnytsya 21018, Ukraine
| | - Oleksandr Maievskyi
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Educational and Scientific Center ‘Institute of Biology and Medicine’ of Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Kyiv 03127, Ukraine
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14
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Seneci L, Mikheyev AS. Sodium Channel β Subunits-An Additional Element in Animal Tetrodotoxin Resistance? Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1478. [PMID: 38338757 PMCID: PMC10855141 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25031478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 12/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Tetrodotoxin (TTX) is a neurotoxic molecule used by many animals for defense and/or predation, as well as an important biomedical tool. Its ubiquity as a defensive agent has led to repeated independent evolution of tetrodotoxin resistance in animals. TTX binds to voltage-gated sodium channels (VGSC) consisting of α and β subunits. Virtually all studies investigating the mechanisms behind TTX resistance have focused on the α subunit of voltage-gated sodium channels, where tetrodotoxin binds. However, the possibility of β subunits also contributing to tetrodotoxin resistance was never explored, though these subunits act in concert. In this study, we present preliminary evidence suggesting a potential role of β subunits in the evolution of TTX resistance. We gathered mRNA sequences for all β subunit types found in vertebrates across 12 species (three TTX-resistant and nine TTX-sensitive) and tested for signatures of positive selection with a maximum likelihood approach. Our results revealed several sites experiencing positive selection in TTX-resistant taxa, though none were exclusive to those species in subunit β1, which forms a complex with the main physiological target of TTX (VGSC Nav1.4). While experimental data validating these findings would be necessary, this work suggests that deeper investigation into β subunits as potential players in tetrodotoxin resistance may be worthwhile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Seneci
- Adaptive Biotoxicology Lab, School of the Environment, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4067, Australia;
| | - Alexander S. Mikheyev
- Evolutionary Genomics Group, Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia
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15
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Chen P, Wang J, Zhang S, Wang Y, Sun Y, Bai S, Wu Q, Cheng X, Cao P, Qi X. Total syntheses of Tetrodotoxin and 9-epiTetrodotoxin. Nat Commun 2024; 15:679. [PMID: 38263179 PMCID: PMC10806222 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-45037-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Tetrodotoxin and congeners are specific voltage-gated sodium channel blockers that exhibit remarkable anesthetic and analgesic effects. Here, we present a scalable asymmetric syntheses of Tetrodotoxin and 9-epiTetrodotoxin from the abundant chemical feedstock furfuryl alcohol. The optically pure cyclohexane skeleton is assembled via a stereoselective Diels-Alder reaction. The dense heteroatom substituents are established sequentially by a series of functional group interconversions on highly oxygenated cyclohexane frameworks, including a chemoselective cyclic anhydride opening, and a decarboxylative hydroxylation. An innovative SmI2-mediated concurrent fragmentation, an oxo-bridge ring opening and ester reduction followed by an Upjohn dihydroxylation deliver the highly oxidized skeleton. Ruthenium-catalyzed oxidative alkyne cleavage and formation of the hemiaminal and orthoester under acidic conditions enable the rapid assembly of Tetrodotoxin, anhydro-Tetrodotoxin, 9-epiTetrodotoxin, and 9-epi lactone-Tetrodotoxin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peihao Chen
- School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, 7 Science Park Road, Zhongguancun Life Science Park, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Jing Wang
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, 7 Science Park Road, Zhongguancun Life Science Park, Beijing, 102206, China
- School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
- Tsinghua Institute of Multidisciplinary Biomedical Research, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Shuangfeng Zhang
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, 7 Science Park Road, Zhongguancun Life Science Park, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Yan Wang
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, 7 Science Park Road, Zhongguancun Life Science Park, Beijing, 102206, China
- School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
- Tsinghua Institute of Multidisciplinary Biomedical Research, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Yuze Sun
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, 7 Science Park Road, Zhongguancun Life Science Park, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Songlin Bai
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, 7 Science Park Road, Zhongguancun Life Science Park, Beijing, 102206, China
- School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
- Tsinghua Institute of Multidisciplinary Biomedical Research, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Qingcui Wu
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, 7 Science Park Road, Zhongguancun Life Science Park, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Xinyu Cheng
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, 7 Science Park Road, Zhongguancun Life Science Park, Beijing, 102206, China
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences&Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Peng Cao
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, 7 Science Park Road, Zhongguancun Life Science Park, Beijing, 102206, China
- Tsinghua Institute of Multidisciplinary Biomedical Research, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Xiangbing Qi
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, 7 Science Park Road, Zhongguancun Life Science Park, Beijing, 102206, China.
- Tsinghua Institute of Multidisciplinary Biomedical Research, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.
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16
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Abd-Allah WH, El-Mohsen Anwar MA, Mohammed ER, El Moghazy SM. Anticonvulsant Classes and Possible Mechanism of Actions. ACS Chem Neurosci 2023; 14:4076-4092. [PMID: 37948544 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.3c00613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Epilepsy is considered one of the most common neurological disorders worldwide; it needs long-term or life-long treatment. Despite the presence of several novel antiepileptic drugs, approximately 30% patients still suffer from drug-resistant epilepsy. Subsequently, searching for new anticonvulsants with lower toxicity and better efficacy is still in paramount demand. Using target-based studies in the discovery of novel antiepileptics is uncommon owing to the insufficient information on the molecular pathway of epilepsy and complex mode of action for most of known antiepileptic drugs. In this review, we investigated the properties of anticonvulsants, types of epileptic seizures, and mechanism of action for anticonvulsants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walaa Hamada Abd-Allah
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Collage of Pharmaceutical Science and Drug Manufacturing, Misr University for Science and Technology, P.O. 77, 12568 6th of October City, Giza, Egypt
| | - Mostafa Abd El-Mohsen Anwar
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Collage of Pharmaceutical Science and Drug Manufacturing, Misr University for Science and Technology, P.O. 77, 12568 6th of October City, Giza, Egypt
| | - Eman R Mohammed
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, 11562 Cairo, Egypt
| | - Samir M El Moghazy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, 11562 Cairo, Egypt
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17
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Krieg JL, Leonard AV, Turner RJ, Corrigan F. Identifying the Phenotypes of Diffuse Axonal Injury Following Traumatic Brain Injury. Brain Sci 2023; 13:1607. [PMID: 38002566 PMCID: PMC10670443 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci13111607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Revised: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Diffuse axonal injury (DAI) is a significant feature of traumatic brain injury (TBI) across all injury severities and is driven by the primary mechanical insult and secondary biochemical injury phases. Axons comprise an outer cell membrane, the axolemma which is anchored to the cytoskeletal network with spectrin tetramers and actin rings. Neurofilaments act as space-filling structural polymers that surround the central core of microtubules, which facilitate axonal transport. TBI has differential effects on these cytoskeletal components, with axons in the same white matter tract showing a range of different cytoskeletal and axolemma alterations with different patterns of temporal evolution. These require different antibodies for detection in post-mortem tissue. Here, a comprehensive discussion of the evolution of axonal injury within different cytoskeletal elements is provided, alongside the most appropriate methods of detection and their temporal profiles. Accumulation of amyloid precursor protein (APP) as a result of disruption of axonal transport due to microtubule failure remains the most sensitive marker of axonal injury, both acutely and chronically. However, a subset of injured axons demonstrate different pathology, which cannot be detected via APP immunoreactivity, including degradation of spectrin and alterations in neurofilaments. Furthermore, recent work has highlighted the node of Ranvier and the axon initial segment as particularly vulnerable sites to axonal injury, with loss of sodium channels persisting beyond the acute phase post-injury in axons without APP pathology. Given the heterogenous response of axons to TBI, further characterization is required in the chronic phase to understand how axonal injury evolves temporally, which may help inform pharmacological interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Frances Corrigan
- Translational Neuropathology Laboratory, School of Biomedicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide 5000, Australia; (J.L.K.)
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18
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Bian Y, Tuo J, He L, Li W, Li S, Chu H, Zhao Y. Voltage-gated sodium channels in cancer and their specific inhibitors. Pathol Res Pract 2023; 251:154909. [PMID: 37939447 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2023.154909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2023] [Revised: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
Voltage-gated sodium channels (VGSCs) participate in generating and spreading action potentials in electrically excited cells such as neurons and muscle fibers. Abnormal expression of VGSCs has been observed in various types of tumors, while they are either not expressed or expressed at a low level in the matching normal tissue. Hence, this abnormal expression suggests that VGSCs confer some advantage or viability on tumor cells, making them a valuable indicator for identifying tumor cells. In addition, overexpression of VGSCs increased the ability of cancer cells to metastasize and invade, as well as correlated with the metastatic behavior of different cancers. Therefore, blocking VGSCs presents a new strategy for the treatment of cancers. A portion of this review summarizes the structure and function of VGSCs and also describes the correlation between VGSCs and cancers. Most importantly, we provide an overview of current research on various subtype-selective VGSC inhibitors and updates on ongoing clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Bian
- School of Life Science and Bio-Pharmaceutics, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, PR China
| | - Jiale Tuo
- School of Life Science and Bio-Pharmaceutics, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, PR China
| | - Liangpeng He
- School of Life Science and Bio-Pharmaceutics, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, PR China
| | - Wenwen Li
- School of Life Science and Bio-Pharmaceutics, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, PR China
| | - Shangxiao Li
- School of Medical Devices, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Benxi, Liaoning 117004, PR China
| | - Huiying Chu
- Laboratory of Molecular Modeling and Design, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, China
| | - Yongshan Zhao
- School of Life Science and Bio-Pharmaceutics, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, PR China.
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19
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Wu H, Prithiviraj B, Tan Z. Physiological Effects of Oxidative Stress Caused by Saxitoxin in the Nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. Mar Drugs 2023; 21:544. [PMID: 37888479 PMCID: PMC10608204 DOI: 10.3390/md21100544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Saxitoxin (STX) causes high toxicity by blocking voltage-gated sodium channels, and it poses a major threat to marine ecosystems and human health worldwide. Our work evaluated the neurotoxicity and chronic toxicology of STX to Caenorhabditis elegans by an analysis of lifespan, brood size, growth ability, reactive oxygen species (ROS) and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) levels, and the overexpression of green fluorescent protein (GFP). After exposure to a series of concentrations of STX for 24 h, worms showed paralysis symptoms and fully recovered within 6 h; less than 5% of worms died at the highest concentration of 1000 ng/mL for first larval stage (L1) worms and 10,000 ng/mL for fourth larval stage (L4) worms. Declines in lifespan, productivity, and body size of C. elegans were observed under the stress of 1, 10, and 100 ng/mL STX, and the lifespan was shorter than that in controls. With STX exposure, the productivity declined by 32-49%; the body size, including body length and body area, declined by 13-18% and 25-27%, respectively. The levels of ROS exhibited a gradual increase over time, accompanied by a positive concentration effect of STX resulting in 1.14-1.86 times higher levels compared to the control group in L4 worms. Conversely, no statistically significant differences were observed between L1 worms. Finally, after exposure to STX for 48 h, ATP levels and GFP expression in C. elegans showed a significant dose-dependent increase. Our study reports the first evidence that STX is not lethal but imposes substantial oxidative stress on C. elegans, with a dose-responsive relationship. Our results indicated that C. elegans is an ideal model to further study the mechanisms underlying the fitness of organisms under the stress caused by paralytic shellfish toxins including STX.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyan Wu
- Key Laboratory of Testing and Evaluation for Aquatic Product Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China;
| | - Balakrishnan Prithiviraj
- Department of Plant, Food and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Dalhousie University, Nova Scotia, NS B2N5E3, Canada;
| | - Zhijun Tan
- Key Laboratory of Testing and Evaluation for Aquatic Product Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China;
- Department of Plant, Food and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Dalhousie University, Nova Scotia, NS B2N5E3, Canada;
- State Key Laboratory of Mariculture Biobreeding and Sustainable Goods, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
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20
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Raisch T, Raunser S. The modes of action of ion-channel-targeting neurotoxic insecticides: lessons from structural biology. Nat Struct Mol Biol 2023; 30:1411-1427. [PMID: 37845413 DOI: 10.1038/s41594-023-01113-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023]
Abstract
Insecticides are indispensable tools for plant protection in modern agriculture. Despite having highly heterogeneous structures, many neurotoxic insecticides use similar principles to inhibit or deregulate neuronal ion channels. Insecticides targeting pentameric ligand-gated channels are structural mimetics of neurotransmitters or manipulate and deregulate the proteins. Those binding to (pseudo-)tetrameric voltage-gated(-like) channels, on the other hand, are natural or synthetic compounds that directly block the ion-conducting pore or prevent conformational changes in the transmembrane domain necessary for opening and closing the pore. The use of a limited number of inhibition mechanisms can be problematic when resistances arise and become more widespread. Therefore, there is a rising interest in the development of insecticides with novel mechanisms that evade resistance and are pest-insect-specific. During the last decade, most known insecticide targets, many with bound compounds, have been structurally characterized, bringing the rational design of novel classes of agrochemicals within closer reach than ever before.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Raisch
- Department of Structural Biochemistry, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, Dortmund, Germany.
| | - Stefan Raunser
- Department of Structural Biochemistry, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, Dortmund, Germany.
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21
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Niklas B, Rydzewski J, Lapied B, Nowak W. Toward Overcoming Pyrethroid Resistance in Mosquito Control: The Role of Sodium Channel Blocker Insecticides. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10334. [PMID: 37373481 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241210334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Revised: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Diseases spread by mosquitoes lead to the death of 700,000 people each year. The main way to reduce transmission is vector control by biting prevention with chemicals. However, the most commonly used insecticides lose efficacy due to the growing resistance. Voltage-gated sodium channels (VGSCs), membrane proteins responsible for the depolarizing phase of an action potential, are targeted by a broad range of neurotoxins, including pyrethroids and sodium channel blocker insecticides (SCBIs). Reduced sensitivity of the target protein due to the point mutations threatened malaria control with pyrethroids. Although SCBIs-indoxacarb (a pre-insecticide bioactivated to DCJW in insects) and metaflumizone-are used in agriculture only, they emerge as promising candidates in mosquito control. Therefore, a thorough understanding of molecular mechanisms of SCBIs action is urgently needed to break the resistance and stop disease transmission. In this study, by performing an extensive combination of equilibrium and enhanced sampling molecular dynamics simulations (3.2 μs in total), we found the DIII-DIV fenestration to be the most probable entry route of DCJW to the central cavity of mosquito VGSC. Our study revealed that F1852 is crucial in limiting SCBI access to their binding site. Our results explain the role of the F1852T mutation found in resistant insects and the increased toxicity of DCJW compared to its bulkier parent compound, indoxacarb. We also delineated residues that contribute to both SCBIs and non-ester pyrethroid etofenprox binding and thus could be involved in the target site cross-resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beata Niklas
- Institute of Physics, Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Informatics, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Grudziadzka 5, 87-100 Torun, Poland
| | - Jakub Rydzewski
- Institute of Physics, Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Informatics, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Grudziadzka 5, 87-100 Torun, Poland
| | - Bruno Lapied
- University Angers, INRAE, SIFCIR, SFR QUASAV, F-49045 Angers, France
| | - Wieslaw Nowak
- Institute of Physics, Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Informatics, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Grudziadzka 5, 87-100 Torun, Poland
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22
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Wang T, Fernandes SPS, Araújo J, Li X, Salonen LM, Espiña B. A carboxyl-functionalized covalent organic polymer for the efficient adsorption of saxitoxin. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 452:131247. [PMID: 36963199 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.131247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Revised: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Saxitoxin (STX), the most widely distributed neurotoxin in marine waters and emerging cyanotoxin of concern in freshwaters, causes paralytic shellfish poisoning in humans upon consumption of contaminated shellfish. To allow for the efficient monitoring of this biotoxin, it is of high importance to find high-affinity materials for its adsorption. Herein, we report the design and synthesis of a covalent organic polymer for the efficient adsorption of STX. Two β-keto-enamine-based materials were prepared by self-assembly of 2,4,6-triformylphloroglucinol (Tp) with 2,5-diaminobenzoic acid (Pa-COOH) to give TpPa-COOH and with 2,5-diaminotoluene (Pa-CH3) to give TpPa-CH3. The carboxylic acid functionalized TpPa-COOH outperformed the methyl-bearing counterpart TpPa-CH3 by an order of magnitude despite the higher long-range order and surface area of the latter. The adsorption of STX by TpPa-COOH was fast with equilibrium reached within 1 h, and the Langmuir adsorption model gave a calculated maximum adsorption capacity, Qm, of 5.69 mg g-1, making this material the best reported adsorbent for this toxin. More importantly, the prepared TpPa-COOH also showed good reusability and high recovery rates for STX in natural freshwater, thereby highlighting the material as a good candidate for the extraction and pre-concentration of STX from aquatic environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianxing Wang
- International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory (INL), Avenida Mestre José Veiga, 4715-330 Braga, Portugal; Ministry of Education Engineering Research Center of Starch and Protein Processing, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Natural Products and Product Safety, School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Soraia P S Fernandes
- International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory (INL), Avenida Mestre José Veiga, 4715-330 Braga, Portugal; Associate Laboratory for Green Chemistry-Network of Chemistry and Technology (LAQV-REQUIMTE), Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Joana Araújo
- International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory (INL), Avenida Mestre José Veiga, 4715-330 Braga, Portugal
| | - Xiaoxi Li
- Ministry of Education Engineering Research Center of Starch and Protein Processing, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Natural Products and Product Safety, School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Laura M Salonen
- CINBIO, Universidade de Vigo, Department of Organic Chemistry, 36310 Vigo, Spain; Nanochemistry Research Group, International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory, Braga 4715-330, Portugal.
| | - Begoña Espiña
- International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory (INL), Avenida Mestre José Veiga, 4715-330 Braga, Portugal.
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23
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Wu Q, Huang J, Fan X, Wang K, Jin X, Huang G, Li J, Pan X, Yan N. Structural mapping of Na v1.7 antagonists. Nat Commun 2023; 14:3224. [PMID: 37270609 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-38942-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Voltage-gated sodium (Nav) channels are targeted by a number of widely used and investigational drugs for the treatment of epilepsy, arrhythmia, pain, and other disorders. Despite recent advances in structural elucidation of Nav channels, the binding mode of most Nav-targeting drugs remains unknown. Here we report high-resolution cryo-EM structures of human Nav1.7 treated with drugs and lead compounds with representative chemical backbones at resolutions of 2.6-3.2 Å. A binding site beneath the intracellular gate (site BIG) accommodates carbamazepine, bupivacaine, and lacosamide. Unexpectedly, a second molecule of lacosamide plugs into the selectivity filter from the central cavity. Fenestrations are popular sites for various state-dependent drugs. We show that vinpocetine, a synthetic derivative of a vinca alkaloid, and hardwickiic acid, a natural product with antinociceptive effect, bind to the III-IV fenestration, while vixotrigine, an analgesic candidate, penetrates the IV-I fenestration of the pore domain. Our results permit building a 3D structural map for known drug-binding sites on Nav channels summarized from the present and previous structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiurong Wu
- Beijing Frontier Research Center for Biological Structures, Tsinghua-Peking Joint Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Jian Huang
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, 08544, USA.
| | - Xiao Fan
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, 08544, USA.
| | - Kan Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Xueqin Jin
- Beijing Frontier Research Center for Biological Structures, Tsinghua-Peking Joint Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Gaoxingyu Huang
- Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Key Laboratory of Structural Biology of Zhejiang Province, School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, 18 Shilongshan Road, Hangzhou, 310024, Zhejiang Province, China
- Institute of Biology, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, 18 Shilongshan Road, Hangzhou, 310024, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Jiaao Li
- Beijing Frontier Research Center for Biological Structures, Tsinghua-Peking Joint Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Xiaojing Pan
- Beijing Frontier Research Center for Biological Structures, Tsinghua-Peking Joint Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.
| | - Nieng Yan
- Beijing Frontier Research Center for Biological Structures, Tsinghua-Peking Joint Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, 08544, USA.
- Shenzhen Medical Academy of Research and Translation, Guangming District, Shenzhen, 518107, Guangdong Province, China.
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24
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Wang F, Zhang F, Song J, Zou S, Li J, Huang Y, Zhang L, Wang Q. Acute Toxic Effects of Tetrodotoxin in Mice via Intramuscular Injection and Oral Gavage. Toxins (Basel) 2023; 15:toxins15050334. [PMID: 37235368 DOI: 10.3390/toxins15050334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2023] [Revised: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Tetrodotoxin (TTX) is a highly fatal marine biotoxin. Constantly increasing intoxications and the lack of specific antitoxic drugs in clinical applications highlight the need for further research into the toxic effects of TTX. Current reports on poisoning cases and the TTX toxicity mechanism suggest that the blocking of voltage-gated sodium channels (VGSCs) by TTX is probably reversible, but direct evidence of this is lacking, as far as we are aware. This study explored the acute toxic effects of TTX at sub-lethal doses via different routes, analyzing variations in muscle strength and TTX concentration in the blood in mice. We found that the loss of muscle strength in mice caused by TTX was dose-dependent and reversible, and the death time and muscle strength variations after oral gavage with TTX appeared to occur later and were more variable than those after intramuscular injection. In conclusion, we systematically compared the acute toxic effects of TTX for two different administration routes at sub-lethal doses, directly verifying the reversible reaction of TTX blocking VGSCs and speculating that averting a complete block of VGSCs by TTX could be an effective strategy for preventing death from TTX poisoning. This work may provide data for the diagnosis and treatment of TTX poisoning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Wang
- Department of Marine Biomedicine and Polar Medicine, Naval Special Medical Center, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Fuhai Zhang
- Department of Marine Biomedicine and Polar Medicine, Naval Special Medical Center, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Juxingsi Song
- Department of Marine Biomedicine and Polar Medicine, Naval Special Medical Center, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Shuaijun Zou
- Department of Marine Biomedicine and Polar Medicine, Naval Special Medical Center, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Jie Li
- Department of Marine Biomedicine and Polar Medicine, Naval Special Medical Center, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Yichao Huang
- Department of Marine Biomedicine and Polar Medicine, Naval Special Medical Center, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Liming Zhang
- Department of Marine Biomedicine and Polar Medicine, Naval Special Medical Center, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Qianqian Wang
- Department of Marine Biomedicine and Polar Medicine, Naval Special Medical Center, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
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25
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Tao X, Zhao C, MacKinnon R. Membrane protein isolation and structure determination in cell-derived membrane vesicles. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2302325120. [PMID: 37098056 PMCID: PMC10160969 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2302325120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Integral membrane protein structure determination traditionally requires extraction from cell membranes using detergents or polymers. Here, we describe the isolation and structure determination of proteins in membrane vesicles derived directly from cells. Structures of the ion channel Slo1 from total cell membranes and from cell plasma membranes were determined at 3.8 Å and 2.7 Å resolution, respectively. The plasma membrane environment stabilizes Slo1, revealing an alteration of global helical packing, polar lipid, and cholesterol interactions that stabilize previously unresolved regions of the channel and an additional ion binding site in the Ca2+ regulatory domain. The two methods presented enable structural analysis of both internal and plasma membrane proteins without disrupting weakly interacting proteins, lipids, and cofactors that are essential to biological function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Tao
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology and Biophysics, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY10065
- HHMI, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY10065
| | - Chen Zhao
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology and Biophysics, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY10065
- HHMI, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY10065
| | - Roderick MacKinnon
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology and Biophysics, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY10065
- HHMI, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY10065
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26
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Groome JR. Historical Perspective of the Characterization of Conotoxins Targeting Voltage-Gated Sodium Channels. Mar Drugs 2023; 21:md21040209. [PMID: 37103349 PMCID: PMC10142487 DOI: 10.3390/md21040209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Revised: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Marine toxins have potent actions on diverse sodium ion channels regulated by transmembrane voltage (voltage-gated ion channels) or by neurotransmitters (nicotinic acetylcholine receptor channels). Studies of these toxins have focused on varied aspects of venom peptides ranging from evolutionary relationships of predator and prey, biological actions on excitable tissues, potential application as pharmacological intervention in disease therapy, and as part of multiple experimental approaches towards an understanding of the atomistic characterization of ion channel structure. This review examines the historical perspective of the study of conotoxin peptides active on sodium channels gated by transmembrane voltage, which has led to recent advances in ion channel research made possible with the exploitation of the diversity of these marine toxins.
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Affiliation(s)
- James R Groome
- Department of Biological Sciences, Idaho State University, Pocatello, ID 83209, USA
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27
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Kimball IH, Nguyen PT, Olivera BM, Sack JT, Yarov-Yarovoy V. Molecular determinants of μ-conotoxin KIIIA interaction with the human voltage-gated sodium channel Na V1.7. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1156855. [PMID: 37007002 PMCID: PMC10060530 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1156855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The voltage-gated sodium (NaV) channel subtype NaV1.7 plays a critical role in pain signaling, making it an important drug target. Here we studied the molecular interactions between μ-Conotoxin KIIIA (KIIIA) and the human NaV1.7 channel (hNaV1.7). We developed a structural model of hNaV1.7 using Rosetta computational modeling and performed in silico docking of KIIIA using RosettaDock to predict residues forming specific pairwise contacts between KIIIA and hNaV1.7. We experimentally validated these contacts using mutant cycle analysis. Comparison between our KIIIA-hNaV1.7 model and the cryo-EM structure of KIIIA-hNaV1.2 revealed key similarities and differences between NaV channel subtypes with potential implications for the molecular mechanism of toxin block. The accuracy of our integrative approach, combining structural data with computational modeling, experimental validation, and molecular dynamics simulations, suggests that Rosetta structural predictions will be useful for rational design of novel biologics targeting specific NaV channels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian H. Kimball
- Department of Physiology and Membrane Biology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Phuong T. Nguyen
- Department of Physiology and Membrane Biology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | | | - Jon T. Sack
- Department of Physiology and Membrane Biology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Vladimir Yarov-Yarovoy
- Department of Physiology and Membrane Biology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
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28
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Salvage SC, Jeevaratnam K, Huang CL, Jackson AP. Cardiac sodium channel complexes and arrhythmia: structural and functional roles of the β1 and β3 subunits. J Physiol 2023; 601:923-940. [PMID: 36354758 PMCID: PMC10953345 DOI: 10.1113/jp283085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In cardiac myocytes, the voltage-gated sodium channel NaV 1.5 opens in response to membrane depolarisation and initiates the action potential. The NaV 1.5 channel is typically associated with regulatory β-subunits that modify gating and trafficking behaviour. These β-subunits contain a single extracellular immunoglobulin (Ig) domain, a single transmembrane α-helix and an intracellular region. Here we focus on the role of the β1 and β3 subunits in regulating NaV 1.5. We catalogue β1 and β3 domain specific mutations that have been associated with inherited cardiac arrhythmia, including Brugada syndrome, long QT syndrome, atrial fibrillation and sudden death. We discuss how new structural insights into these proteins raises new questions about physiological function.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Christopher L.‐H. Huang
- Department of BiochemistryUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
- Department of PhysiologyDevelopment and NeuroscienceUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
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29
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Structure of human Na V1.6 channel reveals Na + selectivity and pore blockade by 4,9-anhydro-tetrodotoxin. Nat Commun 2023; 14:1030. [PMID: 36823201 PMCID: PMC9950489 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-36766-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The sodium channel NaV1.6 is widely expressed in neurons of the central and peripheral nervous systems, which plays a critical role in regulating neuronal excitability. Dysfunction of NaV1.6 has been linked to epileptic encephalopathy, intellectual disability and movement disorders. Here we present cryo-EM structures of human NaV1.6/β1/β2 alone and complexed with a guanidinium neurotoxin 4,9-anhydro-tetrodotoxin (4,9-ah-TTX), revealing molecular mechanism of NaV1.6 inhibition by the blocker. The apo-form structure reveals two potential Na+ binding sites within the selectivity filter, suggesting a possible mechanism for Na+ selectivity and conductance. In the 4,9-ah-TTX bound structure, 4,9-ah-TTX binds to a pocket similar to the tetrodotoxin (TTX) binding site, which occupies the Na+ binding sites and completely blocks the channel. Molecular dynamics simulation results show that subtle conformational differences in the selectivity filter affect the affinity of TTX analogues. Taken together, our results provide important insights into NaV1.6 structure, ion conductance, and inhibition.
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30
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Liu K, Ma S, Zhang K, Gao R, Jin H, Cao P, Yuchi Z, Wu S. Functional Characterization of Knockdown Resistance Mutation L1014S in the German Cockroach, Blattella germanica (Linnaeus). JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023; 71:2734-2744. [PMID: 36701428 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c05625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The effectiveness of pyrethroid insecticides is seriously threatened by knockdown resistance (kdr), which is induced in insects by inherited single-nucleotide polymorphisms in the voltage-gated sodium channel (VGSC) gene. VGSC's L1014F substitution results in the classic kdr mutation, which is found in many pest species. Other substitutions of the L1014 locus, such as L1014S, L1014C, L1014W, and L1014H, were also reported. In 2022, a new amino acid substitute L1014S of Blattella germanica was first discovered in China. We modified the BgNav1-1 sodium channel from cockroaches with the L1014S mutation to study how pyrethroid sensitivity and channel gating were affected in Xenopus oocytes. The L1014S mutation reduced the half-maximal activation voltage (V1/2,act) from -19.0 (wild type) to -15.5 mV while maintaining the voltage dependency of activation. Moreover, the voltage dependence of inactivation in the hyperpolarizing shifts from -48.3 (wild type) to -50.9 mV. However, compared with wild type, the mutation L1014S did not cause a significant shift in the half activation voltage (V1/2,act). Notably, the voltage dependency of activation was unaffected greatly by the L1014S mutation. Tail currents are induced by two types of pyrethroids (1 μM): type I (permethrin, bifenthrin) and type II (deltamethrin, λ-cyhalothrin). All four pyrethroids produced tail currents, and significant differences were found in the percentages of channel modifications between variants and wild types. Further computer modeling showed that the L1014S mutation allosterically modifies pyrethroid binding and action on B. germanica VGSC, with some residues playing a critical role in pyrethroid binding. This study elucidated the pyrethroid resistance mechanism of B. germanica and predicted the residues that may confer the risk of pyrethroid resistance, providing a molecular basis for understanding the resistance mechanisms conferred by mutations at the 1014 site in VGSC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaiyang Liu
- Sanya Nanfan Research Institute, Hainan University, Sanya572024, China
- College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou570228, China
| | - Shuyue Ma
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery & High-Efficiency; Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering; School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin30072, China
| | - Kun Zhang
- Sanya Nanfan Research Institute, Hainan University, Sanya572024, China
- College of Plant Protection, Hainan University, Haikou570228, China
| | - Ruibo Gao
- Sanya Nanfan Research Institute, Hainan University, Sanya572024, China
- College of Plant Protection, Hainan University, Haikou570228, China
| | - Haifeng Jin
- Sanya Nanfan Research Institute, Hainan University, Sanya572024, China
- College of Plant Protection, Hainan University, Haikou570228, China
| | - Peng Cao
- Key Laboratory of Drug Targets and Drug Leads for Degenerative Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing210023, China
| | - Zhiguang Yuchi
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery & High-Efficiency; Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering; School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin30072, China
| | - Shaoying Wu
- Sanya Nanfan Research Institute, Hainan University, Sanya572024, China
- College of Plant Protection, Hainan University, Haikou570228, China
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31
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Mateos DL, Yarov-Yarovoy V. Structural modeling of peptide toxin-ion channel interactions using RosettaDock. Proteins 2023. [PMID: 36729043 DOI: 10.1002/prot.26474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Revised: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Voltage-gated ion channels play essential physiological roles in action potential generation and propagation. Peptidic toxins from animal venoms target ion channels and provide useful scaffolds for the rational design of novel channel modulators with enhanced potency and subtype selectivity. Despite recent progress in obtaining experimental structures of peptide toxin-ion channel complexes, structural determination of peptide toxins bound to ion channels in physiologically important states remains challenging. Here we describe an application of RosettaDock approach to the structural modeling of peptide toxins interactions with ion channels. We tested this approach on 10 structures of peptide toxin-ion channel complexes and demonstrated that it can sample near-native structures in all tested cases. Our approach will be useful for improving the understanding of the molecular mechanism of natural peptide toxin modulation of ion channel gating and for the structural modeling of novel peptide-based ion channel modulators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Lopez Mateos
- Department of Physiology and Membrane Biology, University of California Davis, Davis, California, USA.,Biophysics Graduate Group, University of California Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - Vladimir Yarov-Yarovoy
- Department of Physiology and Membrane Biology, University of California Davis, Davis, California, USA.,Biophysics Graduate Group, University of California Davis, Davis, California, USA.,Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, California, USA
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32
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Galles GD, Infield DT, Clark CJ, Hemshorn ML, Manikandan S, Fazan F, Rasouli A, Tajkhorshid E, Galpin JD, Cooley RB, Mehl RA, Ahern CA. Tuning phenylalanine fluorination to assess aromatic contributions to protein function and stability in cells. Nat Commun 2023; 14:59. [PMID: 36599844 PMCID: PMC9813137 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-35761-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The aromatic side-chains of phenylalanine, tyrosine, and tryptophan interact with their environments via both hydrophobic and electrostatic interactions. Determining the extent to which these contribute to protein function and stability is not possible with conventional mutagenesis. Serial fluorination of a given aromatic is a validated method in vitro and in silico to specifically alter electrostatic characteristics, but this approach is restricted to a select few experimental systems. Here, we report a group of pyrrolysine-based aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase/tRNA pairs (tRNA/RS pairs) that enable the site-specific encoding of a varied spectrum of fluorinated phenylalanine amino acids in E. coli and mammalian (HEK 293T) cells. By allowing the cross-kingdom expression of proteins bearing these unnatural amino acids at biochemical scale, these tools may potentially enable the study of biological mechanisms which utilize aromatic interactions in structural and cellular contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grace D Galles
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, University of Iowa College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, USA
- The GCE4All Research Center, Department of Biochemistry & Biophysics, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - Daniel T Infield
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, University of Iowa College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Colin J Clark
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, University of Iowa College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Marcus L Hemshorn
- The GCE4All Research Center, Department of Biochemistry & Biophysics, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - Shivani Manikandan
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, University of Iowa College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Frederico Fazan
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, University of Iowa College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Ali Rasouli
- Theoretical and Computational Biophysics Group, NIH Center for Macromolecular Modeling and Bioinformatics, Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Emad Tajkhorshid
- Theoretical and Computational Biophysics Group, NIH Center for Macromolecular Modeling and Bioinformatics, Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Jason D Galpin
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, University of Iowa College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Richard B Cooley
- The GCE4All Research Center, Department of Biochemistry & Biophysics, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - Ryan A Mehl
- The GCE4All Research Center, Department of Biochemistry & Biophysics, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - Christopher A Ahern
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, University of Iowa College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, USA.
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Oladipo SD, Akinpelu OI, Omondi B. Ligand-Guided Investigation of a Series of Formamidine-Based Thiuram Disulfides as Potential Dual-Inhibitors of COX-1and COX-2. Chem Biodivers 2023; 20:e202200875. [PMID: 36515971 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202200875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
A series of thiuram disulfides 1-6 which had been previously synthesized and characterized,[1] were studied for their potential therapeutic properties. Target-fishing analyses through HitPick and SwissTarget prediction identified COX1 and COX2, which are essential biomolecules in cancer-related inflammations, as the possible targets for compounds 1 and 4 among all the compounds tested. These two proteins have enjoyed interest as targets for treating some neoplastic cancer types such as breast, colorectal, skin, pancreatic, haematological and head cancers. The inhibitory potency of 1 and 4 as lead anticancer drug candidates with dual-target ability against COX1 and COX2 was examined through molecular docking, molecular dynamics simulation and post-MD analyses such as binding energy calculation, RMSD, RMSF, and RoG. The two compounds had better docking scores and binding energies than the known inhibitors of COX1 and COX2. Insights from the RMSD, RMSF, and RoG suggested that both 1 and 4 showed observable influence on the structural stability of these targets throughout the simulation. The reported observations of the effects of 1 and 4 on the structures of COX1 and COX2 indicate their probable inhibitory properties against these target proteins and their potential as lead anticancer drug candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Segun D Oladipo
- School of Chemistry and Physics, Westville Campus, University of Kwazulu-Natal, Private Bag X54001, Durban, 4000, South Africa.,Department of Chemical Sciences, Olabisi Onabanjo University, P.M.B 2002, Ago-Iwoye, Nigeria
| | - Olayinka I Akinpelu
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, Faculty of Natural Science, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X20, Hatfield, 0028, South Africa
| | - Bernard Omondi
- School of Chemistry and Physics, Westville Campus, University of Kwazulu-Natal, Private Bag X54001, Durban, 4000, South Africa
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Kasai S, Itokawa K, Uemura N, Takaoka A, Furutani S, Maekawa Y, Kobayashi D, Imanishi-Kobayashi N, Amoa-Bosompem M, Murota K, Higa Y, Kawada H, Minakawa N, Cuong TC, Yen NT, Phong TV, Keo S, Kang K, Miura K, Ng LC, Teng HJ, Dadzie S, Subekti S, Mulyatno KC, Sawabe K, Tomita T, Komagata O. Discovery of super-insecticide-resistant dengue mosquitoes in Asia: Threats of concomitant knockdown resistance mutations. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabq7345. [PMID: 36542722 PMCID: PMC9770935 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abq7345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Aedes aegypti (Linnaeus, 1762) is the main mosquito vector for dengue and other arboviral infectious diseases. Control of this important vector highly relies on the use of insecticides, especially pyrethroids. The high frequency (>78%) of the L982W substitution was detected at the target site of the pyrethroid insecticide, the voltage-gated sodium channel (Vgsc) of A. aegypti collected from Vietnam and Cambodia. Alleles having concomitant mutations L982W + F1534C and V1016G + F1534C were also confirmed in both countries, and their frequency was high (>90%) in Phnom Penh, Cambodia. Strains having these alleles exhibited substantially higher levels of pyrethroid resistance than any other field population ever reported. The L982W substitution has never been detected in any country of the Indochina Peninsula except Vietnam and Cambodia, but it may be spreading to other areas of Asia, which can cause an unprecedentedly serious threat to the control of dengue fever as well as other Aedes-borne infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinji Kasai
- Department of Medical Entomology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan
| | - Kentaro Itokawa
- Department of Medical Entomology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan
| | - Nozomi Uemura
- Department of Medical Entomology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan
| | - Aki Takaoka
- Department of Medical Entomology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan
| | - Shogo Furutani
- Department of Medical Entomology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan
| | - Yoshihide Maekawa
- Department of Medical Entomology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan
| | - Daisuke Kobayashi
- Department of Medical Entomology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan
| | | | - Michael Amoa-Bosompem
- Department of Medical Entomology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan
| | - Katsunori Murota
- Kagoshima Research Station, National Institute of Animal Health, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Kagoshima 891-0105, Japan
| | - Yukiko Higa
- Department of Medical Entomology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Kawada
- Department of Vector Ecology and Environment, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki 852-8523, Japan
| | - Noboru Minakawa
- Department of Vector Ecology and Environment, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki 852-8523, Japan
| | - Tran Chi Cuong
- Medical Entomology and Zoology Department, National Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Nguyen Thi Yen
- Medical Entomology and Zoology Department, National Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Tran Vu Phong
- Medical Entomology and Zoology Department, National Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Sath Keo
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Royal University of Agriculture, P.O. Box 2696, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Kroesna Kang
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Royal University of Agriculture, P.O. Box 2696, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Kozue Miura
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Lee Ching Ng
- Environmental Health Institute, National Environment Agency, Singapore 138667, Singapore
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 60 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637551, Singapore
| | - Hwa-Jen Teng
- Center for Diagnostics and Vaccine Development, Centers for Disease Control, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Taipei City 10050, Taiwan
| | - Samuel Dadzie
- Department of Parasitology, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, P.O. Box LG 581, Legon,, Ghana
| | - Sri Subekti
- Entomology Study Group, Institute of Tropical Disease, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya 60115, Indonesia
| | - Kris Cahyo Mulyatno
- Entomology Study Group, Institute of Tropical Disease, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya 60115, Indonesia
| | - Kyoko Sawabe
- Department of Medical Entomology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan
| | - Takashi Tomita
- Department of Medical Entomology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan
| | - Osamu Komagata
- Department of Medical Entomology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan
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Choudhury K, Howard RJ, Delemotte L. An α-π transition in S6 shapes the conformational cycle of the bacterial sodium channel NavAb. J Gen Physiol 2022; 155:213748. [PMID: 36515966 PMCID: PMC9754703 DOI: 10.1085/jgp.202213214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Revised: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Voltage-gated sodium channels play an important role in electrical signaling in excitable cells. In response to changes in membrane potential, they cycle between nonconducting and conducting conformations. With recent advances in structural biology, structures of sodium channels have been captured in several distinct conformations, which are thought to represent different functional states. However, it has been difficult to capture the intrinsically transient open state. We recently showed that a proposed open state of the bacterial sodium channel NavMs was not conductive and that a conformational change involving a transition to a π-helix in the pore-lining S6 helix converted this structure into a conducting state. However, the relevance of this structural feature in other sodium channels, and its implications for the broader gating cycle, remained unclear. Here, we propose a comparable open state of another class of bacterial channel from Aliarcobacter butzleri (NavAb) with characteristic pore hydration, ion permeation, and drug binding properties. Furthermore, we show that a π-helix transition can lead to pore opening and that such a conformational change blocks fenestrations in the inner helix bundle. We also discover that a region in the C-terminal domain can undergo a disordering transition proposed to be important for pore opening. These results support a role for a π-helix transition in the opening of NavAb, enabling new proposals for the structural annotation and drug modulation mechanisms in this important sodium channel model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koushik Choudhury
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Applied Physics, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Solna, Sweden
| | - Rebecca J. Howard
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lucie Delemotte
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Applied Physics, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Solna, Sweden,Correspondence to Lucie Delemotte:
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Hadiatullah H, Zhang Y, Samurkas A, Xie Y, Sundarraj R, Zuilhof H, Qiao J, Yuchi Z. Recent progress in the structural study of ion channels as insecticide targets. INSECT SCIENCE 2022; 29:1522-1551. [PMID: 35575601 DOI: 10.1111/1744-7917.13032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Revised: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Ion channels, many expressed in insect neural and muscular systems, have drawn huge attention as primary targets of insecticides. With the recent technical breakthroughs in structural biology, especially in cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM), many new high-resolution structures of ion channel targets, apo or in complex with insecticides, have been solved, shedding light on the molecular mechanism of action of the insecticides and resistance mutations. These structures also provide accurate templates for structure-based insecticide screening and rational design. This review summarizes the recent progress in the structural studies of 5 ion channel families: the ryanodine receptor (RyR), the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR), the voltage-gated sodium channel (VGSC), the transient receptor potential (TRP) channel, and the ligand-gated chloride channel (LGCC). We address the selectivity of the channel-targeting insecticides by examining the conservation of key coordinating residues revealed by the structures. The possible resistance mechanisms are proposed based on the locations of the identified resistance mutations on the 3D structures of the target channels and their impacts on the binding of insecticides. Finally, we discuss how to develop "green" insecticides with a novel mode of action based on these high-resolution structures to overcome the resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hadiatullah Hadiatullah
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery & High-Efficiency, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yongliang Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery & High-Efficiency, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Arthur Samurkas
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery & High-Efficiency, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Yunxuan Xie
- Department of Environmental Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Rajamanikandan Sundarraj
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery & High-Efficiency, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Han Zuilhof
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery & High-Efficiency, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jianjun Qiao
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhiguang Yuchi
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery & High-Efficiency, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute & Hospital; National Clinical Research Center for Cancer; Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin; Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
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37
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Zhou Y, Hao Y, Sun P, Chen M, Zhang T, Wu H. Relationship among surface electric double layer of cardiomyocyte membrane and toxicology of digoxin and opening of ion channels. Sci Rep 2022; 12:20749. [PMID: 36456624 PMCID: PMC9715572 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-25205-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
We applied a new idea that the potential effect can change the ion adsorption structure on the cell surface to explore the mechanism of digoxin poisoning and the regulation of ion channels. The effects of digoxin on the electrophoretic mobility and behaviors (non-contraction or contraction or autorhythmicity) of cardiomyocytes were observed by single-cell electrophoresis technique (imitate the opening method of in vivo channel) and the method of decomposing surface potential components on the cells. As well as affect the association with electrical activity. The results suggested that the increase of cardiomyocytes transmembrane potential and the Na+-K+ exchange on the cell surface of the action potential phase 4 caused by the poisoning dose of digoxin, leading to the oscillation of adsorbed ions on the cell surface and the incomplete channel structure, which were the mechanism of cardiac ectopic beats. The results revealed that the opening of ion channels is regulated by the surface electric double layer of the cell membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhou
- grid.414252.40000 0004 1761 8894The Sixth Medical Center, Chinese People’s Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing, 100142 China
| | - Yanfei Hao
- grid.414252.40000 0004 1761 8894The Eighth Medical Center, Chinese People’s Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing, 100091 China
| | - Pei Sun
- grid.414252.40000 0004 1761 8894The Eighth Medical Center, Chinese People’s Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing, 100091 China
| | - Ming Chen
- grid.414252.40000 0004 1761 8894The Medical Security Center, Chinese People’s Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing, 100039 China
| | - Ting Zhang
- grid.414252.40000 0004 1761 8894The Eighth Medical Center, Chinese People’s Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing, 100091 China
| | - Hong Wu
- grid.414252.40000 0004 1761 8894The Medical Security Center, Chinese People’s Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing, 100039 China
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38
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Wu H, Hu Y, Wang J, Gong X, Bao B. Adaptive evolution of scn4aa in Takifugu and Tetraodon. AQUACULTURE AND FISHERIES 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aaf.2022.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
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39
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Definition of a saxitoxin (STX) binding code enables discovery and characterization of the anuran saxiphilin family. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2210114119. [PMID: 36279441 PMCID: PMC9636910 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2210114119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
American bullfrog (Rana castesbeiana) saxiphilin (RcSxph) is a high-affinity "toxin sponge" protein thought to prevent intoxication by saxitoxin (STX), a lethal bis-guanidinium neurotoxin that causes paralytic shellfish poisoning (PSP) by blocking voltage-gated sodium channels (NaVs). How specific RcSxph interactions contribute to STX binding has not been defined and whether other organisms have similar proteins is unclear. Here, we use mutagenesis, ligand binding, and structural studies to define the energetic basis of Sxph:STX recognition. The resultant STX "recognition code" enabled engineering of RcSxph to improve its ability to rescue NaVs from STX and facilitated discovery of 10 new frog and toad Sxphs. Definition of the STX binding code and Sxph family expansion among diverse anurans separated by ∼140 My of evolution provides a molecular basis for understanding the roles of toxin sponge proteins in toxin resistance and for developing novel proteins to sense or neutralize STX and related PSP toxins.
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40
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Fernandes MJG, Pereira RB, Rodrigues ARO, Vieira TF, Fortes AG, Pereira DM, Sousa SF, Gonçalves MST, Castanheira EMS. Liposomal Formulations Loaded with a Eugenol Derivative for Application as Insecticides: Encapsulation Studies and In Silico Identification of Protein Targets. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:3583. [PMID: 36296773 PMCID: PMC9611868 DOI: 10.3390/nano12203583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2022] [Revised: 10/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
A recently synthesized new eugenol derivative, ethyl 4-(2-methoxy-4-(oxiran-2-ylmethyl)phenoxy)butanoate, with a high insecticidal activity against Sf9 (Spodoptera frugiperda) insect cells, was encapsulated in the liposomal formulations of egg-phosphatidylcholine/cholesterol (Egg-PC:Ch) 70:30 and 100% dioleoylphosphatidylglycerol (DOPG), aiming at the future application as insecticides. Compound-loaded DOPG liposomes have sizes of 274 ± 12 nm, while Egg-PC:Ch liposomes exhibit smaller hydrodynamic diameters (69.5 ± 7 nm), high encapsulation efficiency (88.8 ± 2.7%), higher stability, and a more efficient compound release, thus, they were chosen for assays in Sf9 insect cells. The compound elicited a loss of cell viability up to 80% after 72 h of incubation. Relevantly, nanoencapsulation maintained the toxicity of the compound toward insect cells while lowering the toxicity toward human cells, thus showing the selectivity of the system. Structure-based inverted virtual screening was used to predict the most likely targets and molecular dynamics simulations and free energy calculations were used to demonstrate that this molecule can form a stable complex with insect odorant binding proteins and/or acetylcholinesterase. The results are promising for the future application of compound-loaded nanoliposome formulations as crop insecticides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria José G. Fernandes
- Centre of Chemistry (CQUM), University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - Renato B. Pereira
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Laboratory of Pharmacognosy, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, R. Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana Rita O. Rodrigues
- Physics Centre of Minho and Porto Universities (CF-UM-UP), University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory LaPMET, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - Tatiana F. Vieira
- UCIBIO/REQUIMTE, BioSIM—Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Alameda Prof. Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory i4HB—Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
| | - A. Gil Fortes
- Centre of Chemistry (CQUM), University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - David M. Pereira
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Laboratory of Pharmacognosy, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, R. Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Sérgio F. Sousa
- UCIBIO/REQUIMTE, BioSIM—Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Alameda Prof. Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory i4HB—Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
| | - M. Sameiro T. Gonçalves
- Centre of Chemistry (CQUM), University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - Elisabete M. S. Castanheira
- Physics Centre of Minho and Porto Universities (CF-UM-UP), University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory LaPMET, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
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Piper SJ, Johnson RM, Wootten D, Sexton PM. Membranes under the Magnetic Lens: A Dive into the Diverse World of Membrane Protein Structures Using Cryo-EM. Chem Rev 2022; 122:13989-14017. [PMID: 35849490 PMCID: PMC9480104 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Membrane proteins are highly diverse in both structure and function and can, therefore, present different challenges for structure determination. They are biologically important for cells and organisms as gatekeepers for information and molecule transfer across membranes, but each class of membrane proteins can present unique obstacles to structure determination. Historically, many membrane protein structures have been investigated using highly engineered constructs or using larger fusion proteins to improve solubility and/or increase particle size. Other strategies included the deconstruction of the full-length protein to target smaller soluble domains. These manipulations were often required for crystal formation to support X-ray crystallography or to circumvent lower resolution due to high noise and dynamic motions of protein subdomains. However, recent revolutions in membrane protein biochemistry and cryo-electron microscopy now provide an opportunity to solve high resolution structures of both large, >1 megadalton (MDa), and small, <100 kDa (kDa), drug targets in near-native conditions, routinely reaching resolutions around or below 3 Å. This review provides insights into how the recent advances in membrane biology and biochemistry, as well as technical advances in cryo-electron microscopy, help us to solve structures of a large variety of membrane protein groups, from small receptors to large transporters and more complex machineries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah J. Piper
- Drug
Discovery Biology theme, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville 3052, Victoria, Australia
- ARC
Centre for Cryo-electron Microscopy of Membrane Proteins, Monash Institute
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville 3052, Victoria, Australia
| | - Rachel M. Johnson
- Drug
Discovery Biology theme, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville 3052, Victoria, Australia
- ARC
Centre for Cryo-electron Microscopy of Membrane Proteins, Monash Institute
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville 3052, Victoria, Australia
| | - Denise Wootten
- Drug
Discovery Biology theme, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville 3052, Victoria, Australia
- ARC
Centre for Cryo-electron Microscopy of Membrane Proteins, Monash Institute
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville 3052, Victoria, Australia
| | - Patrick M. Sexton
- Drug
Discovery Biology theme, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville 3052, Victoria, Australia
- ARC
Centre for Cryo-electron Microscopy of Membrane Proteins, Monash Institute
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville 3052, Victoria, Australia
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Zhang H, Li P, Wu B, Hou J, Ren J, Zhu Y, Xu J, Si F, Sun Z, Liu X. Transcriptomic analysis reveals the genes involved in tetrodotoxin (TTX) accumulation, translocation, and detoxification in the pufferfish Takifugu rubripes. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 303:134962. [PMID: 35580645 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.134962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Revised: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Tetrodotoxin (TTX) is a potent marine neurotoxin that exists in a variety of aquatic and terrestrial organisms. Pufferfish in different habitats show great variation in their TTX contents. Exploring the genes involved in TTX metabolism could contribute to our understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying TTX accumulation, translocation, and detoxification in pufferfish. In this study, transcriptomic analysis was used to identify the functional genes related to TTX metabolism in the blood, liver, and muscle of the toxic and non-toxic tiger puffer (Takifugu rubripes). A total of 6101 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were obtained after transcriptomic analysis; of these, 2401 were identified in the blood, 2262 in the liver, and 1438 in the muscle. After enrichment analysis, fourteen genes encoding glutathione S-transferases (GSTs), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), thioredoxins (TXNs), superoxide dismutase (SOD), ATP-binding cassettes (ABCs), apolipoproteins (APOs), inhibitors of apoptosis protein (IAP), and solute carrier (SLC), which are mainly antioxidant enzymes, membrane transporters, or anti-apoptotic factors, were revealed in the blood. Thirty-six genes encoding SLCs, ABCs, long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligases (ACSLs), interleukin 6 cytokine family signal transducer (IL6ST), endoplasmic reticulum (ER), and heat shock protein family A (Hsp70) were involved in transmembrane transporter activity and innate immune response. Notably, a large number of slc genes were found to play critical and diverse roles in TTX accumulation and translocation in the liver of T. rubripes. Nine genes from the slc, hsp70, complement C5 (c5), acsl, er, and serpin peptidase inhibitor (serpin) gene families were found to participate in the regulation of protein processing and anti-apoptosis. These results reflect the diverse functions of genes closely related to TTX accumulation, translocation, and detoxification in T. rubripes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanyuan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Genomics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing Key Laboratory of Fishery Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Beijing, 100141, China.
| | - Peizhen Li
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Genomics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing Key Laboratory of Fishery Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Beijing, 100141, China
| | - Biyin Wu
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Genomics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing Key Laboratory of Fishery Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Beijing, 100141, China
| | - Jilun Hou
- Beidaihe Central Experiment Station, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qinhuangdao, Hebei, 066100, China
| | - Jiangong Ren
- Beidaihe Central Experiment Station, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qinhuangdao, Hebei, 066100, China
| | - Youxiu Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Genomics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing Key Laboratory of Fishery Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Beijing, 100141, China
| | - Jian Xu
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Genomics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing Key Laboratory of Fishery Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Beijing, 100141, China
| | - Fei Si
- Beidaihe Central Experiment Station, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qinhuangdao, Hebei, 066100, China
| | - Zhaohui Sun
- Beidaihe Central Experiment Station, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qinhuangdao, Hebei, 066100, China
| | - Xia Liu
- Beidaihe Central Experiment Station, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qinhuangdao, Hebei, 066100, China
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McCollum MM, Larmore M, Ishihara S, Ng LCT, Kimura LF, Guadarrama E, Ta MC, Vien TN, Frost GB, Scheidt KA, Miller RE, DeCaen PG. Targeting the tamoxifen receptor within sodium channels to block osteoarthritic pain. Cell Rep 2022; 40:111248. [PMID: 36001977 PMCID: PMC9523973 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.111248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Revised: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Voltage-gated sodium channels (NaV) in nociceptive neurons initiate action potentials required for transmission of aberrant painful stimuli observed in osteoarthritis (OA). Targeting NaV subtypes with drugs to produce analgesic effects for OA pain management is a developing therapeutic area. Previously, we determined the receptor site for the tamoxifen analog N-desmethyltamoxifen (ND-Tam) within a prokaryotic NaV. Here, we report the pharmacology of ND-Tam against eukaryotic NaVs natively expressed in nociceptive neurons. ND-Tam and analogs occupy two conserved intracellular receptor sites in domains II and IV of NaV1.7 to block ion entry using a "bind and plug" mechanism. We find that ND-Tam inhibition of the sodium current is state dependent, conferring a potent frequency- and voltage-dependent block of hyperexcitable nociceptive neuron action potentials implicated in OA pain. When evaluated using a mouse OA pain model, ND-Tam has long-lasting efficacy, which supports the potential of repurposing ND-Tam analogs as NaV antagonists for OA pain management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan M McCollum
- Department of Pharmacology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Megan Larmore
- Department of Pharmacology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Shingo Ishihara
- Division of Rheumatology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Leo C T Ng
- Department of Pharmacology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Louise F Kimura
- Department of Pharmacology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Eduardo Guadarrama
- Department of Pharmacology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - My C Ta
- Department of Pharmacology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Thuy N Vien
- Department of Pharmacology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Grant B Frost
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Karl A Scheidt
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Rachel E Miller
- Division of Rheumatology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Paul G DeCaen
- Department of Pharmacology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.
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44
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Unwinding and spiral sliding of S4 and domain rotation of VSD during the electromechanical coupling in Na v1.7. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2209164119. [PMID: 35878056 PMCID: PMC9388133 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2209164119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Nav1.7 has been targeted for pain management for its well-established role in pain sensation. Hundreds of mutations of Nav1.7 have been found in patients with pain disorders. Structures of Nav1.7 captured in different conformations will reveal its working mechanism and facilitate drug discovery. Here we present the rational design of a Nav1.7 variant, Nav1.7-M11, that may be trapped in the closed-state inactivation conformation at 0 mV. Cryoelectron microscopy analysis of Nav1.7-M11 reveals voltage-sensing domain in the first repeat (VSDI) in the completely down conformation, VSDII at an intermediate state, and the pore domain tightly closed. Structural comparison of Nav1.7-M11 with the WT channel provides unprecedented insight into the electromechanical coupling details and affords mechanistic interpretation for a number of pain-related mutations. Voltage-gated sodium (Nav) channel Nav1.7 has been targeted for the development of nonaddictive pain killers. Structures of Nav1.7 in distinct functional states will offer an advanced mechanistic understanding and aid drug discovery. Here we report the cryoelectron microscopy analysis of a human Nav1.7 variant that, with 11 rationally introduced point mutations, has a markedly right-shifted activation voltage curve with V1/2 reaching 69 mV. The voltage-sensing domain in the first repeat (VSDI) in a 2.7-Å resolution structure displays a completely down (deactivated) conformation. Compared to the structure of WT Nav1.7, three gating charge (GC) residues in VSDI are transferred to the cytosolic side through a combination of helix unwinding and spiral sliding of S4I and ∼20° domain rotation. A conserved WNФФD motif on the cytoplasmic end of S3I stabilizes the down conformation of VSDI. One GC residue is transferred in VSDII mainly through helix sliding. Accompanying GC transfer in VSDI and VSDII, rearrangement and contraction of the intracellular gate is achieved through concerted movements of adjacent segments, including S4-5I, S4-5II, S5II, and all S6 segments. Our studies provide important insight into the electromechanical coupling mechanism of the single-chain voltage-gated ion channels and afford molecular interpretations for a number of pain-associated mutations whose pathogenic mechanism cannot be revealed from previously reported Nav structures.
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45
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Zhu Z, Deng Z, Wang Q, Wang Y, Zhang D, Xu R, Guo L, Wen H. Simulation and Machine Learning Methods for Ion-Channel Structure Determination, Mechanistic Studies and Drug Design. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:939555. [PMID: 35837274 PMCID: PMC9275593 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.939555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Ion channels are expressed in almost all living cells, controlling the in-and-out communications, making them ideal drug targets, especially for central nervous system diseases. However, owing to their dynamic nature and the presence of a membrane environment, ion channels remain difficult targets for the past decades. Recent advancement in cryo-electron microscopy and computational methods has shed light on this issue. An explosion in high-resolution ion channel structures paved way for structure-based rational drug design and the state-of-the-art simulation and machine learning techniques dramatically improved the efficiency and effectiveness of computer-aided drug design. Here we present an overview of how simulation and machine learning-based methods fundamentally changed the ion channel-related drug design at different levels, as well as the emerging trends in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengdan Zhu
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Institute of Big Data Research, Beijing, China
| | - Zhenfeng Deng
- DP Technology, Beijing, China
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | | | | | - Duo Zhang
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing, China
- DP Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Ruihan Xu
- DP Technology, Beijing, China
- National Engineering Research Center of Visual Technology, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | | | - Han Wen
- DP Technology, Beijing, China
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46
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Jiang D, Zhang J, Xia Z. Structural Advances in Voltage-Gated Sodium Channels. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:908867. [PMID: 35721169 PMCID: PMC9204039 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.908867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Voltage-gated sodium (NaV) channels are responsible for the rapid rising-phase of action potentials in excitable cells. Over 1,000 mutations in NaV channels are associated with human diseases including epilepsy, periodic paralysis, arrhythmias and pain disorders. Natural toxins and clinically-used small-molecule drugs bind to NaV channels and modulate their functions. Recent advances from cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) structures of NaV channels reveal invaluable insights into the architecture, activation, fast inactivation, electromechanical coupling, ligand modulation and pharmacology of eukaryotic NaV channels. These structural analyses not only demonstrate molecular mechanisms for NaV channel structure and function, but also provide atomic level templates for rational development of potential subtype-selective therapeutics. In this review, we summarize recent structural advances of eukaryotic NaV channels, highlighting the structural features of eukaryotic NaV channels as well as distinct modulation mechanisms by a wide range of modulators from natural toxins to synthetic small-molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daohua Jiang
- Laboratory of Soft Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Daohua Jiang,
| | - Jiangtao Zhang
- Laboratory of Soft Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of MOE, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhanyi Xia
- Laboratory of Soft Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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47
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von Reumont BM, Anderluh G, Antunes A, Ayvazyan N, Beis D, Caliskan F, Crnković A, Damm M, Dutertre S, Ellgaard L, Gajski G, German H, Halassy B, Hempel BF, Hucho T, Igci N, Ikonomopoulou MP, Karbat I, Klapa MI, Koludarov I, Kool J, Lüddecke T, Ben Mansour R, Vittoria Modica M, Moran Y, Nalbantsoy A, Ibáñez MEP, Panagiotopoulos A, Reuveny E, Céspedes JS, Sombke A, Surm JM, Undheim EAB, Verdes A, Zancolli G. Modern venomics-Current insights, novel methods, and future perspectives in biological and applied animal venom research. Gigascience 2022; 11:giac048. [PMID: 35640874 PMCID: PMC9155608 DOI: 10.1093/gigascience/giac048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2022] [Revised: 04/10/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Venoms have evolved >100 times in all major animal groups, and their components, known as toxins, have been fine-tuned over millions of years into highly effective biochemical weapons. There are many outstanding questions on the evolution of toxin arsenals, such as how venom genes originate, how venom contributes to the fitness of venomous species, and which modifications at the genomic, transcriptomic, and protein level drive their evolution. These questions have received particularly little attention outside of snakes, cone snails, spiders, and scorpions. Venom compounds have further become a source of inspiration for translational research using their diverse bioactivities for various applications. We highlight here recent advances and new strategies in modern venomics and discuss how recent technological innovations and multi-omic methods dramatically improve research on venomous animals. The study of genomes and their modifications through CRISPR and knockdown technologies will increase our understanding of how toxins evolve and which functions they have in the different ontogenetic stages during the development of venomous animals. Mass spectrometry imaging combined with spatial transcriptomics, in situ hybridization techniques, and modern computer tomography gives us further insights into the spatial distribution of toxins in the venom system and the function of the venom apparatus. All these evolutionary and biological insights contribute to more efficiently identify venom compounds, which can then be synthesized or produced in adapted expression systems to test their bioactivity. Finally, we critically discuss recent agrochemical, pharmaceutical, therapeutic, and diagnostic (so-called translational) aspects of venoms from which humans benefit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bjoern M von Reumont
- Goethe University Frankfurt, Institute for Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Department for Applied Bioinformatics, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- LOEWE Centre for Translational Biodiversity Genomics, Senckenberg Frankfurt, Senckenberganlage 25, 60235 Frankfurt, Germany
- Justus Liebig University Giessen, Institute for Insectbiotechnology, Heinrich Buff Ring 26-32, 35396 Giessen, Germany
| | - Gregor Anderluh
- Department of Molecular Biology and Nanobiotechnology, National Institute of Chemistry, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Agostinho Antunes
- CIIMAR/CIMAR, Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos, s/n, 4450–208 Porto, Portugal
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - Naira Ayvazyan
- Orbeli Institute of Physiology of NAS RA, Orbeli ave. 22, 0028 Yerevan, Armenia
| | - Dimitris Beis
- Developmental Biology, Centre for Clinical, Experimental Surgery and Translational Research, Biomedical Research Foundation Academy of Athens, Athens 11527, Greece
| | - Figen Caliskan
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Letters, Eskisehir Osmangazi University, TR-26040 Eskisehir, Turkey
| | - Ana Crnković
- Department of Molecular Biology and Nanobiotechnology, National Institute of Chemistry, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Maik Damm
- Technische Universität Berlin, Department of Chemistry, Straße des 17. Juni 135, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Lars Ellgaard
- Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Goran Gajski
- Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Mutagenesis Unit, Ksaverska cesta 2, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Hannah German
- Amsterdam Institute of Molecular and Life Sciences, Division of BioAnalytical Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Beata Halassy
- University of Zagreb, Centre for Research and Knowledge Transfer in Biotechnology, Trg Republike Hrvatske 14, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Benjamin-Florian Hempel
- BIH Center for Regenerative Therapies BCRT, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Tim Hucho
- Translational Pain Research, Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Nasit Igci
- Nevsehir Haci Bektas Veli University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, 50300 Nevsehir, Turkey
| | - Maria P Ikonomopoulou
- Madrid Institute for Advanced Studies in Food, Madrid,E28049, Spain
- The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Izhar Karbat
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Maria I Klapa
- Metabolic Engineering and Systems Biology Laboratory, Institute of Chemical Engineering Sciences, Foundation for Research & Technology Hellas (FORTH/ICE-HT), Patras GR-26504, Greece
| | - Ivan Koludarov
- Justus Liebig University Giessen, Institute for Insectbiotechnology, Heinrich Buff Ring 26-32, 35396 Giessen, Germany
| | - Jeroen Kool
- Amsterdam Institute of Molecular and Life Sciences, Division of BioAnalytical Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Tim Lüddecke
- LOEWE Centre for Translational Biodiversity Genomics, Senckenberg Frankfurt, Senckenberganlage 25, 60235 Frankfurt, Germany
- Department of Bioresources, Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology, 35392 Gießen, Germany
| | - Riadh Ben Mansour
- Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, Gafsa University, Campus Universitaire Siidi Ahmed Zarrouk, 2112 Gafsa, Tunisia
| | - Maria Vittoria Modica
- Dept. of Biology and Evolution of Marine Organisms (BEOM), Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Via Po 25c, I-00198 Roma, Italy
| | - Yehu Moran
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Behavior, Alexander Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9190401, Israel
| | - Ayse Nalbantsoy
- Department of Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering, Ege University, 35100 Bornova, Izmir, Turkey
| | - María Eugenia Pachón Ibáñez
- Unit of Infectious Diseases, Microbiology, and Preventive Medicine, Virgen del Rocío University Hospital, Institute of Biomedicine of Seville, 41013 Sevilla, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alexios Panagiotopoulos
- Metabolic Engineering and Systems Biology Laboratory, Institute of Chemical Engineering Sciences, Foundation for Research & Technology Hellas (FORTH/ICE-HT), Patras GR-26504, Greece
- Animal Biology Division, Department of Biology, University of Patras, Patras, GR-26500, Greece
| | - Eitan Reuveny
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Javier Sánchez Céspedes
- Unit of Infectious Diseases, Microbiology, and Preventive Medicine, Virgen del Rocío University Hospital, Institute of Biomedicine of Seville, 41013 Sevilla, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Andy Sombke
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, University of Vienna, Djerassiplatz 1, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Joachim M Surm
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Behavior, Alexander Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9190401, Israel
| | - Eivind A B Undheim
- University of Oslo, Centre for Ecological and Evolutionary Synthesis, Postboks 1066 Blindern 0316 Oslo, Norway
| | - Aida Verdes
- Department of Biodiversity and Evolutionary Biology, Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales, José Gutiérrez Abascal 2, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Giulia Zancolli
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, University of Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
- Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
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48
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Pathophysiological Responses to Conotoxin Modulation of Voltage-Gated Ion Currents. Mar Drugs 2022; 20:md20050282. [PMID: 35621933 PMCID: PMC9143252 DOI: 10.3390/md20050282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Revised: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Voltage-gated ion channels are plasma membrane proteins that generate electrical signals following a change in the membrane voltage. Since they are involved in several physiological processes, their dysfunction may be responsible for a series of diseases and pain states particularly related to neuronal and muscular systems. It is well established for decades that bioactive peptides isolated from venoms of marine mollusks belonging to the Conus genus, collectively known as conotoxins, can target different types and isoforms of these channels exerting therapeutic effects and pain relief. For this reason, conotoxins are widely used for either therapeutic purposes or studies on ion channel mechanisms of action disclosure. In addition their positive property, however, conotoxins may generate pathological states through similar ion channel modulation. In this narrative review, we provide pieces of evidence on the pathophysiological impacts that different members of conotoxin families exert by targeting the three most important voltage-gated channels, such as sodium, calcium, and potassium, involved in cellular processes.
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49
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Cens T, Chavanieu A, Bertaud A, Mokrane N, Estaran S, Roussel J, Ménard C, De Jesus Ferreira M, Guiramand J, Thibaud J, Cohen‐Solal C, Rousset M, Rolland V, Vignes M, Charnet P. Molecular Targets of Neurotoxic Insecticides in
Apis mellifera. European J Org Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202101531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Thierry Cens
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron Université de Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM 1919 Route de Mende 34293 Montpellier France
| | - Alain Chavanieu
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron Université de Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM 1919 Route de Mende 34293 Montpellier France
| | - Anaïs Bertaud
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron Université de Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM 1919 Route de Mende 34293 Montpellier France
| | - Nawfel Mokrane
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron Université de Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM 1919 Route de Mende 34293 Montpellier France
| | - Sébastien Estaran
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron Université de Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM 1919 Route de Mende 34293 Montpellier France
| | - Julien Roussel
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron Université de Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM 1919 Route de Mende 34293 Montpellier France
| | - Claudine Ménard
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron Université de Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM 1919 Route de Mende 34293 Montpellier France
| | | | - Janique Guiramand
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron Université de Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM 1919 Route de Mende 34293 Montpellier France
| | - Jean‐Baptiste Thibaud
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron Université de Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM 1919 Route de Mende 34293 Montpellier France
| | - Catherine Cohen‐Solal
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron Université de Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM 1919 Route de Mende 34293 Montpellier France
| | - Matthieu Rousset
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron Université de Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM 1919 Route de Mende 34293 Montpellier France
| | - Valérie Rolland
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron Université de Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM 1919 Route de Mende 34293 Montpellier France
| | - Michel Vignes
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron Université de Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM 1919 Route de Mende 34293 Montpellier France
| | - Pierre Charnet
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron Université de Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM 1919 Route de Mende 34293 Montpellier France
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50
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Wisedchaisri G, Gamal El-Din TM. Druggability of Voltage-Gated Sodium Channels-Exploring Old and New Drug Receptor Sites. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:858348. [PMID: 35370700 PMCID: PMC8968173 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.858348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Voltage-gated ion channels are important drug targets because they play crucial physiological roles in both excitable and non-excitable cells. About 15% of clinical drugs used for treating human diseases target ion channels. However, most of these drugs do not provide sufficient specificity to a single subtype of the channels and their off-target side effects can be serious and sometimes fatal. Recent advancements in imaging techniques have enabled us for the first time to visualize unique and hidden parts of voltage-gated sodium channels in different structural conformations, and to develop drugs that further target a selected functional state in each channel subtype with the potential for high precision and low toxicity. In this review we describe the druggability of voltage-gated sodium channels in distinct functional states, which could potentially be used to selectively target the channels. We review classical drug receptors in the channels that have recently been structurally characterized by cryo-electron microscopy with natural neurotoxins and clinical drugs. We further examine recent drug discoveries for voltage-gated sodium channels and discuss opportunities to use distinct, state-dependent receptor sites in the voltage sensors as unique drug targets. Finally, we explore potential new receptor sites that are currently unknown for sodium channels but may be valuable for future drug discovery. The advancement presented here will help pave the way for drug development that selectively targets voltage-gated sodium channels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Goragot Wisedchaisri
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Tamer M Gamal El-Din
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
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