1
|
Gallagher S, Kline J, Jahanbakhshi F, Sadighian JC, Lyons I, Shen G, Hammel BF, Yazdi S, Dukovic G, Rappe AM, Ginger DS. Ligand Equilibrium Influences Photoluminescence Blinking in CsPbBr 3: A Change Point Analysis of Widefield Imaging Data. ACS NANO 2024; 18:19208-19219. [PMID: 38982590 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.4c04968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/11/2024]
Abstract
Photoluminescence intermittency remains one of the biggest challenges in realizing perovskite quantum dots (QDs) as scalable single photon emitters. We compare CsPbBr3 QDs capped with different ligands, lecithin, and a combination of oleic acid and oleylamine, to elucidate the role of surface chemistry on photoluminescence intermittency. We employ widefield photoluminescence microscopy to sample the blinking behavior of hundreds of QDs. Using change point analysis, we achieve the robust classification of blinking trajectories, and we analyze representative distributions from large numbers of QDs (Nlecithin = 1308, Noleic acid/oleylamine = 1317). We find that lecithin suppresses blinking in CsPbBr3 QDs compared with oleic acid/oleylamine. Under common experimental conditions, lecithin-capped QDs are 7.5 times more likely to be nonblinking and spend 2.5 times longer in their most emissive state, despite both QDs having nearly identical solution photoluminescence quantum yields. We measure photoluminescence as a function of dilution and show that the differences between lecithin and oleic acid/oleylamine capping emerge at low concentrations during preparation for single particle experiments. From experiment and first-principles calculations, we attribute the differences in lecithin and oleic acid/oleylamine performance to differences in their ligand binding equilibria. Consistent with our experimental data, density functional theory calculations suggest a stronger binding affinity of lecithin to the QD surface compared to oleic acid/oleylamine, implying a reduced likelihood of ligand desorption during dilution. These results suggest that using more tightly binding ligands is a necessity for surface passivation and, consequently, blinking reduction in perovskite QDs used for single particle and quantum light experiments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shaun Gallagher
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Jessica Kline
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Farzaneh Jahanbakhshi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - James C Sadighian
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Ian Lyons
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Gillian Shen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Benjamin F Hammel
- Materials Science and Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309-0215, United States
| | - Sadegh Yazdi
- Materials Science and Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309-0215, United States
- Renewable and Sustainable Energy Institute, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309-0215, United States
| | - Gordana Dukovic
- Materials Science and Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309-0215, United States
- Renewable and Sustainable Energy Institute, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309-0215, United States
- Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309-0215, United States
| | - Andrew M Rappe
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - David S Ginger
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Wong J, Onizhuk M, Nagura J, Thind AS, Bindra JK, Wicker C, Grant GD, Zhang Y, Niklas J, Poluektov OG, Klie RF, Zhang J, Galli G, Heremans FJ, Awschalom DD, Alivisatos AP. Coherent Erbium Spin Defects in Colloidal Nanocrystal Hosts. ACS NANO 2024; 18:19110-19123. [PMID: 38980975 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.4c04083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/11/2024]
Abstract
We demonstrate nearly a microsecond of spin coherence in Er3+ ions doped in cerium dioxide nanocrystal hosts, despite a large gyromagnetic ratio and nanometric proximity of the spin defect to the nanocrystal surface. The long spin coherence is enabled by reducing the dopant density below the instantaneous diffusion limit in a nuclear spin-free host material, reaching the limit of a single erbium spin defect per nanocrystal. We observe a large Orbach energy in a highly symmetric cubic site, further protecting the coherence in a qubit that would otherwise rapidly decohere. Spatially correlated electron spectroscopy measurements reveal the presence of Ce3+ at the nanocrystal surface, which likely acts as extraneous paramagnetic spin noise. Even with these factors, defect-embedded nanocrystal hosts show tremendous promise for quantum sensing and quantum communication applications, with multiple avenues, including core-shell fabrication, redox tuning of oxygen vacancies, and organic surfactant modification, available to further enhance their spin coherence and functionality in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joeson Wong
- James Franck Institute, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
- Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
- Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Mykyta Onizhuk
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Jonah Nagura
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Arashdeep Singh Thind
- Department of Physics, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607, United States
| | - Jasleen K Bindra
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Christina Wicker
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Gregory D Grant
- Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Yuxuan Zhang
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Jens Niklas
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Oleg G Poluektov
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Robert F Klie
- Department of Physics, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607, United States
| | - Jiefei Zhang
- Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
- Center for Molecular Engineering, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Giulia Galli
- Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
- Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
- Center for Molecular Engineering, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - F Joseph Heremans
- Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
- Center for Molecular Engineering, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - David D Awschalom
- Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
- Center for Molecular Engineering, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - A Paul Alivisatos
- James Franck Institute, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
- Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Swift MW, Sercel PC, Efros AL, Lyons JL, Norris DJ. Identification of Semiconductor Nanocrystals with Bright Ground-State Excitons. ACS NANO 2024. [PMID: 39037050 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.4c02905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/23/2024]
Abstract
While semiconductor nanocrystals provide versatile fluorescent materials for light-emitting devices, their brightness suffers from the "dark exciton"─an optically inactive electronic state into which nanocrystals relax before emitting. Recently, a theoretical mechanism, the Rashba effect, was discovered that can overcome this limitation by inverting the lowest-lying levels and creating a bright excitonic ground state. However, no methodology is available to systematically identify materials that exhibit this inversion, hindering the development of superbright nanocrystals and their devices. Here, based on a detailed understanding of the Rashba mechanism, we demonstrate a procedure that reveals previously unknown "bright-exciton" nanocrystals. We first define physical criteria to reduce over 500,000 known solids to 173 targets. Higher-level first-principles calculations then refine this list to 28 candidates. From these, we select five with high oscillator strength and develop effective-mass models to determine the nature of their lowest excitonic state. We confirm that four of the five solids yield bright ground-state excitons in nanocrystals. Thus, our results provide a badly needed roadmap for experimental investigation of bright-exciton nanomaterials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael W Swift
- Center for Computational Materials Science, U.S. Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, District of Columbia 20375, United States
| | - Peter C Sercel
- Center for Hybrid Organic-Inorganic Semiconductors for Energy, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
| | - Alexander L Efros
- Center for Computational Materials Science, U.S. Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, District of Columbia 20375, United States
| | - John L Lyons
- Center for Computational Materials Science, U.S. Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, District of Columbia 20375, United States
| | - David J Norris
- Optical Materials Engineering Laboratory, Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH Zurich, Zurich 8092, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Mondal P, Saha SK, Roy P, Vasudeva N, Anshu A, Rajasekar GP, Pandey A. Plasmon Mediated Single Photon Emission from a Nanocrystal Ensemble. J Phys Chem Lett 2024:7556-7565. [PMID: 39024059 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.4c00540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/20/2024]
Abstract
Quantum photonic devices require robust sources of single photons to perform basic computational and communication protocols. Thus, developing scalable, integrable, and efficient quantum light sources has become crucial for the realization of quantum photonic devices. Single quantum dots are promising sources of quantum light due to their tunable emission wavelength. Here, we show the emergence of quantum-emitter-like antibunched emission behavior when multiple quantum dots are located in the vicinity of plasmonic particles. To evaluate the robustness of this phenomenon, we consider both monometallic and bimetallic particles. We find that the photoluminescence intensity of the plasmon coupled quantum dots fits well to a single sublinear power law exponent that is distinct from the behavior of CQD aggregates. Significantly, we find that plasmon coupling results in reduced flickering, thus enabling the realization of a more stable and reliable single photon source. Possible roles of emergent excitonic interactions in the coupled system are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pritha Mondal
- Solid State and Structural Chemistry Unit, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
| | - Subham Kumar Saha
- Solid State and Structural Chemistry Unit, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
| | - Parna Roy
- Solid State and Structural Chemistry Unit, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
| | - Navyashree Vasudeva
- Solid State and Structural Chemistry Unit, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
| | - Ashwini Anshu
- Solid State and Structural Chemistry Unit, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
| | - Guru Pratheep Rajasekar
- Solid State and Structural Chemistry Unit, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
| | - Anshu Pandey
- Solid State and Structural Chemistry Unit, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Lafalce E, Bodin R, Larson BW, Hao J, Haque MA, Huynh U, Blackburn JL, Vardeny ZV. Optical Studies of Doped Two-Dimensional Lead Halide Perovskites: Evidence for Rashba-Split Branches in the Conduction Band. ACS NANO 2024; 18:18299-18306. [PMID: 38951488 PMCID: PMC11256896 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.4c01525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Revised: 06/18/2024] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 07/03/2024]
Abstract
Two-dimensional (2D) hybrid organic/inorganic perovskites are an emerging materials class for optoelectronic and spintronic applications due to strong excitonic absorption and emission, large spin-orbit coupling, and Rashba spin-splitting effects. For many of the envisioned applications, tuning the majority charge carrier (electron or hole) concentration is desirable, but electronic doping of metal-halide perovskites has proven to be challenging. Here, we demonstrate electron injection into the lower-energy branch of the Rashba-split conduction band of 2D phenethylammonium lead iodide by means of n-type molecular doping at room temperature. The molecular dopant, benzyl viologen (BV), is shown to compensate adventitious p-type impurities and can lead to a tunable Fermi level above the conduction band minimum and increased conductivity in intrinsic samples. The doping-induced carrier concentration is monitored by the observation of free-carrier absorption and intraband optical transitions in the infrared spectral range. These optical measurements allow for an estimation of the Rashba splitting energy ER ≈38 ± 4 meV. Photoinduced quantum beating measurements demonstrate that the excess electron density reduces the electron spin g-factor by ca. 6%. This work demonstrates controllable carrier concentrations in hybrid organic/inorganic perovskites and yields potential for room temperature spin control through the Rashba effect.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Evan Lafalce
- Department
of Physics and Astronomy, University of
Utah, Salt Lake
City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Rikard Bodin
- Department
of Physics and Astronomy, University of
Utah, Salt Lake
City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Bryon W. Larson
- Chemistry
and Nanoscience Center, National Renewable
Energy Laboratory, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
| | - Ji Hao
- Materials
Science Center, National Renewable Energy
Laboratory, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
| | - Md Azimul Haque
- Materials
Science Center, National Renewable Energy
Laboratory, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
| | - Uyen Huynh
- Department
of Physics and Astronomy, University of
Utah, Salt Lake
City, Utah 84112, United States
| | - Jeffrey L. Blackburn
- Materials
Science Center, National Renewable Energy
Laboratory, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
| | - Zeev Valy Vardeny
- Department
of Physics and Astronomy, University of
Utah, Salt Lake
City, Utah 84112, United States
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Wang Y, Wang S, Li R, Li W, Long T, Wang L, Kong L, Cao F, Wu Q, Jia G, Yang X. Quantum-Confined Perovskite Nanocrystals Enabled by Negative Catalyst Strategy for Efficient Light-Emitting Diodes. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024:e2402825. [PMID: 38990086 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202402825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2024] [Revised: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024]
Abstract
The perovskite nanocrystals (PeNCs) are emerging as a promising emitter for light-emitting diodes (LEDs) due to their excellent optical and electrical properties. However, the ultrafast growth of PeNCs often results in large sizes exceeding the Bohr diameter, leading to low exciton binding energy and susceptibility to nonradiative recombination, while small-sized PeNCs exhibit a large specific surface area, contributing to an increased defect density. Herein, Zn2+ ions as a negative catalyst to realize quantum-confined FAPbBr3 PeNCs with high photoluminescence quantum yields (PL QY) over 90%. Zn2+ ions exhibit robust coordination with Br- ions is introduced, effectively retarding the participation of Br- ions in the perovskite crystallization process and thus facilitating PeNCs size control. Notably, Zn2+ ions neither incorporate into the perovskite lattice nor are absorbed on the surface of PeNCs. And the reduced growth rate also promotes sufficient octahedral coordination of PeNC that reduces defect density. The LEDs based on these optimized PeNCs exhibits an external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 21.7%, significantly surpassing that of the pristine PeNCs (15.2%). Furthermore, the device lifetime is also extended by twofold. This research presents a novel approach to achieving high-performance optoelectronic devices.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuankun Wang
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Solid State Physics and Devices, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, 830017, P. R. China
| | - Sheng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Display and System Applications of Ministry of Education, Shanghai University, 149 Yanchang Road, Shanghai, 200072, P. R. China
| | - Rui Li
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Solid State Physics and Devices, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, 830017, P. R. China
| | - Wenqiang Li
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Display and System Applications of Ministry of Education, Shanghai University, 149 Yanchang Road, Shanghai, 200072, P. R. China
| | - Tengfei Long
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Solid State Physics and Devices, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, 830017, P. R. China
| | - Lin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Display and System Applications of Ministry of Education, Shanghai University, 149 Yanchang Road, Shanghai, 200072, P. R. China
| | - Lingmei Kong
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Display and System Applications of Ministry of Education, Shanghai University, 149 Yanchang Road, Shanghai, 200072, P. R. China
| | - Fan Cao
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Display and System Applications of Ministry of Education, Shanghai University, 149 Yanchang Road, Shanghai, 200072, P. R. China
| | - Qianqian Wu
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Display and System Applications of Ministry of Education, Shanghai University, 149 Yanchang Road, Shanghai, 200072, P. R. China
| | - Guohua Jia
- School of Molecular and Life Sciences, Curtin University, Bentley, Western Australia, 6102, Australia
| | - Xuyong Yang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Display and System Applications of Ministry of Education, Shanghai University, 149 Yanchang Road, Shanghai, 200072, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Yuan J, Hu F, Ju Y, Li S, Zhao H, Zhang C, Gan Z, Xiao M, Wang X. Perovskite Quantum Heterostructure Constructed by Halide Mixing between a Single CsPbI 3 Nanocrystal and an Individual CsPbBr 3 Microplate. J Phys Chem Lett 2024; 15:6763-6770. [PMID: 38912978 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.4c01312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/25/2024]
Abstract
Ion migration is significantly enhanced in lead-halide perovskites with a soft crystal lattice, which can promote the formation of a heterogeneous interface between two such materials with different halide-anion compositions. Here we have deposited a single CsPbI3 nanocrystal (NC) on top of an individual CsPbBr3 microplate to create a mixed-halide CsPbBrxI3-x (0 < x < 3) NC by means of the anion exchange process. The formation of a CsPbBrxI3-x/CsPbBr3 heterostructure is confirmed by the much-enlarged geometric volume of the CsPbBrxI3-x NC as compared to the original CsPbI3 one, as well as by its capability of receiving photogenerated excitons from the CsPbBr3 microplate with a larger bandgap energy. The quantum nature of this heterostructure is reflected from single-photon emission of the composing CsPbBrxI3-x NC, which can also be bulk-like during phase segregation to demonstrate a red shift in the photoluminescence peak that is opposite to the common trend observed in smaller-sized mixed-halide NCs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Junyang Yuan
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, School of Physics, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Fengrui Hu
- College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, and MOE Key Laboratory of Intelligent Optical Sensing and Manipulation, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Yu Ju
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, School of Physics, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Si Li
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, School of Physics, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Hao Zhao
- School of Physics and Technology, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Chunfeng Zhang
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, School of Physics, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Zhixing Gan
- School of Physics and Technology, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Min Xiao
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, School of Physics, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
- Department of Physics, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas 72701, United States
| | - Xiaoyong Wang
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, School of Physics, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Oddi V, Zhu C, Becker MA, Sahin Y, Dirin DN, Kim T, Mahrt RF, Even J, Rainò G, Kovalenko MV, Stöferle T. Circularly Polarized Luminescence Without External Magnetic Fields from Individual CsPbBr 3 Perovskite Quantum Dots. ACS NANO 2024; 18:17218-17227. [PMID: 38904261 PMCID: PMC11223489 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.4c04392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2024] [Revised: 05/31/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024]
Abstract
Lead halide perovskite quantum dots (QDs), the latest generation of the colloidal QD family, exhibit outstanding optical properties, which are now exploited as both classical and quantum light sources. Most of their rather exceptional properties are related to the peculiar exciton fine-structure of band-edge states, which can support unique bright triplet excitons. The degeneracy of the bright triplet excitons is lifted with energetic splitting in the order of millielectronvolts, which can be resolved by the photoluminescence (PL) measurements of single QDs at cryogenic temperatures. Each bright exciton fine-structure-state (FSS) exhibits a dominantly linear polarization, in line with several theoretical models based on the sole crystal field, exchange interaction, and shape anisotropy. Here, we show that in addition to a high degree of linear polarization, the individual exciton FSS can exhibit a non-negligible degree of circular polarization even without external magnetic fields by investigating the four Stokes parameters of the exciton fine-structure in individual CsPbBr3 QDs through Stokes polarimetric measurements. We observe a degree of circular polarization up to ∼38%, which could not be detected by using the conventional polarimetric technique. In addition, we found a consistent transition from left- to right-hand circular polarization within the fine-structure triplet manifold, which was observed in magnetic-field-dependent experiments. Our optical investigation provides deeper insights into the nature of the exciton fine structures and thereby drives the yet-incomplete understanding of the unique photophysical properties of this class of QDs for the benefit of future applications in chiral quantum optics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Virginia Oddi
- IBM
Research Europe—Zurich, Säumerstrasse 4, 8803 Rüschlikon, Switzerland
- Institute
of Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Chenglian Zhu
- Institute
of Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
- Laboratory
for Thin Films and Photovoltaics, Empa,
Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Michael A. Becker
- IBM
Research Europe—Zurich, Säumerstrasse 4, 8803 Rüschlikon, Switzerland
| | - Yesim Sahin
- Institute
of Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
- Laboratory
for Thin Films and Photovoltaics, Empa,
Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Dmitry N. Dirin
- Institute
of Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
- Laboratory
for Thin Films and Photovoltaics, Empa,
Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Taehee Kim
- Institute
of Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
- Laboratory
for Thin Films and Photovoltaics, Empa,
Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Rainer F. Mahrt
- IBM
Research Europe—Zurich, Säumerstrasse 4, 8803 Rüschlikon, Switzerland
| | - Jacky Even
- Université
de Rennes, INSA Rennes, CNRS, Institut FOTON - UMR6082, 35000 Rennes, France
| | - Gabriele Rainò
- Institute
of Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
- Laboratory
for Thin Films and Photovoltaics, Empa,
Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Maksym V. Kovalenko
- Institute
of Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
- Laboratory
for Thin Films and Photovoltaics, Empa,
Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Thilo Stöferle
- IBM
Research Europe—Zurich, Säumerstrasse 4, 8803 Rüschlikon, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Zhu J, Li Y, Lin X, Han Y, Wu K. Coherent phenomena and dynamics of lead halide perovskite nanocrystals for quantum information technologies. NATURE MATERIALS 2024:10.1038/s41563-024-01922-z. [PMID: 38951651 DOI: 10.1038/s41563-024-01922-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 07/03/2024]
Abstract
Solution-processed colloidal nanocrystals of lead halide perovskites have been intensively investigated in recent years in the context of optoelectronic devices, during which time their quantum properties have also begun to attract attention. Their unmatched ease of synthetic tunability and unique structural, optical and electronic properties, in conjunction with the confinement of carriers in three dimensions, have motivated studies on observing and controlling coherent light-matter interaction in these materials for quantum information technologies. This Review outlines the recent efforts and achievements in this direction. Particularly notable examples are the observation of coherent single-photon emission, evidence for superfluorescence and the realization of room-temperature coherent spin manipulation for ensemble samples, which have not been achieved for prototypical colloidal CdSe nanocrystals that have been under investigation for decades. This Review aims to highlight these results, point out the challenges ahead towards realistic applications and bring together the efforts of multidisciplinary communities in this nascent field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jingyi Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, China
| | - Yuxuan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xuyang Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yaoyao Han
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Kaifeng Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Ye J, Gaur D, Mi C, Chen Z, Fernández IL, Zhao H, Dong Y, Polavarapu L, Hoye RLZ. Strongly-confined colloidal lead-halide perovskite quantum dots: from synthesis to applications. Chem Soc Rev 2024. [PMID: 38894687 DOI: 10.1039/d4cs00077c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
Colloidal semiconductor nanocrystals enable the realization and exploitation of quantum phenomena in a controlled manner, and can be scaled up for commercial uses. These materials have become important for a wide range of applications, from ultrahigh definition displays, to solar cells, quantum computing, bioimaging, optical communications, and many more. Over the last decade, lead-halide perovskite nanocrystals have rapidly gained prominence as efficient semiconductors. Although the majority of studies have focused on large nanocrystals in the weak- to intermediate-confinement regime, quantum dots (QDs) in the strongly-confined regime (with sizes smaller than the Bohr diameter, which ranges from 4-12 nm for lead-halide perovskites) offer unique opportunities, including polarized light emission and color-pure, stable luminescence in the region that is unattainable by perovskites with single-halide compositions. In this tutorial review, we bring together the latest insights into this emerging and rapidly growing area, focusing on the synthesis, steady-state optical properties (including exciton fine-structure splitting), and transient kinetics (including hot carrier cooling) of strongly-confined perovskite QDs. We also discuss recent advances in their applications, including single photon emission for quantum technologies, as well as light-emitting diodes. We finish with our perspectives on future challenges and opportunities for strongly-confined QDs, particularly around improving the control over monodispersity and stability, important fundamental questions on the photophysics, and paths forward to improve the performance of perovskite QDs in light-emitting diodes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Junzhi Ye
- Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QR, UK.
| | - Deepika Gaur
- CINBIO, Universidade de Vigo, Materials Chemistry and Physics Group, Department of Physical Chemistry Campus Universitario As Lagoas, Marcosende 36310, Vigo, Spain.
| | - Chenjia Mi
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma 73019, USA
| | - Zijian Chen
- Centre for Intelligent and Biomimetic Systems, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 440305, China
| | - Iago López Fernández
- CINBIO, Universidade de Vigo, Materials Chemistry and Physics Group, Department of Physical Chemistry Campus Universitario As Lagoas, Marcosende 36310, Vigo, Spain.
| | - Haitao Zhao
- Centre for Intelligent and Biomimetic Systems, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 440305, China
| | - Yitong Dong
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma 73019, USA
| | - Lakshminarayana Polavarapu
- CINBIO, Universidade de Vigo, Materials Chemistry and Physics Group, Department of Physical Chemistry Campus Universitario As Lagoas, Marcosende 36310, Vigo, Spain.
| | - Robert L Z Hoye
- Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QR, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Rojas-Gatjens E, Akkerman QA, Manna L, Srimath Kandada AR, Silva-Acuña C. Exciton-photocarrier interference in mixed lead-halide-perovskite nanocrystals. J Chem Phys 2024; 160:221101. [PMID: 38856052 DOI: 10.1063/5.0203982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024] Open
Abstract
The use of semiconductor nanocrystals in scalable quantum technologies requires characterization of the exciton coherence dynamics in an ensemble of electronically isolated crystals in which system-bath interactions are nevertheless strong. In this communication, we identify signatures of Fano-like interference between excitons and photocarriers in the coherent two-dimensional photoluminescence excitation spectral lineshapes of mixed lead-halide perovskite nanocrystals in dilute solution. Specifically, by tuning the femtosecond-pulse spectrum, we show such interference in an intermediate coupling regime, which is evident in the coherent lineshape when simultaneously exciting the exciton and the free-carrier band at higher energy. We conclude that this interference is an intrinsic effect that will be consequential in the quantum dynamics of the system and will thus dictate decoherence dynamics, with consequences in their application in quantum technologies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Esteban Rojas-Gatjens
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, 901 Atlantic Drive, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, USA
- School of Physics, Georgia Institute of Technology, 837 State St. NW, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, USA
| | - Quinten A Akkerman
- Nanochemistry Department, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego 30, 16163 Genova, Italy
| | - Liberato Manna
- Nanochemistry Department, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego 30, 16163 Genova, Italy
| | - Ajay Ram Srimath Kandada
- Department of Physics and Center for Functional Materials, Wake Forest University, 2090 Eure Drive, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27109, USA
| | - Carlos Silva-Acuña
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, 901 Atlantic Drive, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, USA
- School of Physics, Georgia Institute of Technology, 837 State St. NW, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, USA
- Institut Courtois & Département de Physique, Université de Montréal, 1375 Avenue Thérèse-Lavoie-Roux, Montréal, Québec H2V 0B3, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Li X, Chen L, Mao D, Li J, Xie W, Dong H, Zhang L. Low-threshold cavity-enhanced superfluorescence in polyhedral quantum dot superparticles. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2024; 6:3220-3228. [PMID: 38868834 PMCID: PMC11166106 DOI: 10.1039/d4na00188e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024]
Abstract
Due to the unique and excellent optical performance and promising prospect for various photonics applications, cavity-enhanced superfluorescence (CESF) in perovskite quantum dot assembled superstructures has garnered wide attention. However, the stringent requirements and high threshold for achieving CESF limit its further development and application. The high threshold of CESF in quantum dot superstructures is mainly attributed to the low radiation recombination rate of the quantum dot and the unsatisfactory light field limiting the ability of the assembled superstructures originating from low controllability of self-assembly. Herein, we propose a strategy to reduce the threshold of CESF in quantum dot superstructure microcavities from two aspects: facet engineering optimization of quantum dot blocks and controllability improvement of the assembly method. We introduce dodecahedral quantum dots with lower nonradiative recombination, substituting frequently used cubic quantum dots as assembly blocks. Besides, we adopt the micro-emulsion droplet assembly method to obtain spherical perovskite quantum dot superparticles with high packing factors and orderly internal arrangements, which are more controllable and efficient than the conventional solvent-drying methods. Based on the dodecahedral quantum dot superparticles, we realized low-threshold CESF (Pth = 15.6 μJ cm-2). Our work provides a practical and scalable avenue for realizing low threshold CESF in quantum dot assembled superstructure systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xinjie Li
- Key Laboratory of Materials for High-Power Laser, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai 201800 China
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University Shanghai 201210 China
| | - Linqi Chen
- Key Laboratory of Materials for High-Power Laser, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai 201800 China
| | - Danqun Mao
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, School of Physics and Electronic Science, East China Normal University Shanghai 200241 China
| | - Jingzhou Li
- Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences No. 1, Sub-Lane Xiangshan, Xihu District Hangzhou 310024 China
| | - Wei Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, School of Physics and Electronic Science, East China Normal University Shanghai 200241 China
| | - Hongxing Dong
- Key Laboratory of Materials for High-Power Laser, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai 201800 China
- Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences No. 1, Sub-Lane Xiangshan, Xihu District Hangzhou 310024 China
| | - Long Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Materials for High-Power Laser, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai 201800 China
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University Shanghai 201210 China
- Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences No. 1, Sub-Lane Xiangshan, Xihu District Hangzhou 310024 China
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Wang H, Kim H, Dong D, Shinokita K, Watanabe K, Taniguchi T, Matsuda K. Quantum coherence and interference of a single moiré exciton in nano-fabricated twisted monolayer semiconductor heterobilayers. Nat Commun 2024; 15:4905. [PMID: 38851776 PMCID: PMC11162440 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-48623-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 06/10/2024] Open
Abstract
The moiré potential serves as a periodic quantum confinement for optically generated excitons, creating spatially ordered zero-dimensional quantum systems. However, a broad emission spectrum resulting from inhomogeneity among moiré potentials hinders the investigation of their intrinsic properties. In this study, we demonstrated a method for the optical observation of quantum coherence and interference of a single moiré exciton in a twisted semiconducting heterobilayer beyond the diffraction limit of light. We observed a single and sharp photoluminescence peak from a single moiré exciton following nanofabrication. Our findings revealed the extended duration of quantum coherence in a single moiré exciton, persisting beyond 10 ps, and an accelerated decoherence process with increasing temperature and excitation power density. Moreover, quantum interference experiments revealed the coupling between moiré excitons in different moiré potential minima. The observed quantum coherence and interference of moiré exciton will facilitate potential applications of moiré quantum systems in quantum technologies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haonan Wang
- Institute of Advanced Energy, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto, 611-0011, Japan
| | - Heejun Kim
- Institute of Advanced Energy, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto, 611-0011, Japan
| | - Duanfei Dong
- Institute of Advanced Energy, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto, 611-0011, Japan
| | - Keisuke Shinokita
- Institute of Advanced Energy, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto, 611-0011, Japan
| | - Kenji Watanabe
- Research Center for Electronic and Optical Materials, National Institute for Materials Science, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0044, Japan
| | - Takashi Taniguchi
- Research Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics, National Institute for Materials Science, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0044, Japan
| | - Kazunari Matsuda
- Institute of Advanced Energy, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto, 611-0011, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Chuang YT, Lin TY, Tan GH, Jan PE, Lin HC, Chen HM, Hsiao KY, Chen BH, Lu CH, Lee CH, Pao CW, Yang SD, Lu MY, Lin HW. Highly Efficient MAPbI 3-Based Quantum Dots Exhibiting Unusual Nonblinking Single Photon Emission at Room Temperature. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2308676. [PMID: 38072780 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202308676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Revised: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2024]
Abstract
Highly emissive semiconductor nanocrystals, or so-called quantum dots (QDs) possess a variety of applications from displays and biology labeling, to quantum communication and modern security. Though ensembles of QDs have already shown very high photoluminescent quantum yields (PLQYs) and have been widely utilized in current optoelectronic products, QDs that exhibit high absorption cross-section, high emission intensity, and, most important, nonblinking behavior at single-dot level have long been desired and not yet realized at room temperature. In this work, infrared-emissive MAPbI3-based halide perovskite QDs is demonstrated. These QDs not only show a ≈100% PLQY at the ensemble level but also, surprisingly, at the single-dot level, display an extra-large absorption cross-section up to 1.80 × 10-12 cm2 and non-blinking single photon emission with a high single photon purity of 95.3%, a unique property that is extremely rare among all types of quantum emitters operated at room temperature. An in-depth analysis indicates that neither trion formation nor band-edge carrier trapping is observed in MAPbI3 QDs, resulting in the suppression of intensity blinking and lifetime blinking. Fluence-dependent transient absorption measurements reveal that the coexistence of non-blinking behavior and high single photon purity in these perovskite QDs results from a significant repulsive exciton-exciton interaction, which suppresses the formation of biexciton, and thus greatly reduces photocharging. The robustness of these QDs is confirmed by their excellent stability under continuous 1 h electron irradiation in high-resolution transmission electron microscope inspection. It is believed that these results mark an important milestone in realizing nonblinking single photon emission in semiconductor QDs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yung-Tang Chuang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, 30013, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Yu Lin
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, 30013, Taiwan
| | - Guang-Hsun Tan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, 30013, Taiwan
| | - Pei-En Jan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, 30013, Taiwan
| | - Hao-Cheng Lin
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, 30013, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Ming Chen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, 30013, Taiwan
| | - Kai-Yuan Hsiao
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, 30013, Taiwan
| | - Bo-Han Chen
- Institute of Photonics Technologies, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, 30013, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Hsuan Lu
- Institute of Photonics Technologies, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, 30013, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Hsuan Lee
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 106319, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Wei Pao
- Research Center for Applied Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
| | - Shang-Da Yang
- Institute of Photonics Technologies, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, 30013, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Yen Lu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, 30013, Taiwan
| | - Hao-Wu Lin
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, 30013, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
von Schwerin P, Döblinger M, Debnath T, Feldmann J, Akkerman QA. Size-Tunable Manganese-Doped Spheroidal CsPbCl 3 Quantum Dots. J Phys Chem Lett 2024; 15:3728-3732. [PMID: 38546986 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.4c00049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
Manganese doping has been demonstrated as a versatile tool to tune the emission of CsPbCl3 nanocrystals (NCs). Although this has been demonstrated in nanocubes and nanoplatelets, strategies for doping Mn2+ in size-tunable, excitonic CsPbCl3 quantum dots (QDs) remain absent. In this work, we demonstrate the synthesis of size-tunable spheroidal CsPbCl3:Mn2+ QDs, which can be obtained by a water-hexane interfacial combined anion and cation exchange strategy starting from CsPbBr3 QDs. Interestingly, the QDs exhibit a fast 0.2 ms Mn2+ photoluminescence (PL) lifetime and an energy transfer (ET) time of approximately 100 ps from the excitonic state of the QD to the atomic state of the Mn2+ ion. The size dependence observation of the manganese PL efficiency and the slow ET rate suggest that Mn2+ mainly gets incorporated at the QD's surface, highlighting the importance of strategies chosen for the incorporation of Mn2+ into perovskite QDs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Patrick von Schwerin
- Chair for Photonics and Optoelectronics, Nano-Institute Munich and Department of Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität (LMU), Königinstr. 10, 80539 Munich, Germany
| | - Markus Döblinger
- Department of Chemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Butenandtstr. 5-13 (E), 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Tushar Debnath
- Chair for Photonics and Optoelectronics, Nano-Institute Munich and Department of Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität (LMU), Königinstr. 10, 80539 Munich, Germany
- Nano Physical Spectroscopy Group, Department of Chemistry, School of Natural Sciences, Shiv Nadar Institution of Eminence, Delhi NCR, Uttar Pradesh 201314, India
| | - Jochen Feldmann
- Chair for Photonics and Optoelectronics, Nano-Institute Munich and Department of Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität (LMU), Königinstr. 10, 80539 Munich, Germany
| | - Quinten A Akkerman
- Chair for Photonics and Optoelectronics, Nano-Institute Munich and Department of Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität (LMU), Königinstr. 10, 80539 Munich, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Amara MR, Huo C, Voisin C, Xiong Q, Diederichs C. Impact of Bright-Dark Exciton Thermal Population Mixing on the Brightness of CsPbBr 3 Nanocrystals. NANO LETTERS 2024; 24:4265-4271. [PMID: 38557055 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.4c00605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Understanding the interplay between bright and dark exciton states is crucial for deciphering the luminescence properties of low-dimensional materials. The origin of the outstanding brightness of lead halide perovskites remains elusive. Here, we analyze temperature-dependent time-resolved photoluminescence to investigate the population mixing between bright and dark exciton sublevels in individual CsPbBr3 nanocrystals in the intermediate confinement regime. We extract bright and dark exciton decay rates and show quantitatively that the decay dynamics can only be reproduced with second-order phonon transitions. Furthermore, we find that any exciton sublevel ordering is compatible with the most likely population transfer mechanism. The remarkable brightness of lead halide perovskite nanocrystals rather stems from a reduced asymmetry between bright-to-dark and dark-to-bright conversion originating from the peculiar second-order phonon-assisted transitions that freeze bright-dark conversion at low temperatures together with the very fast radiative recombination and favorable degeneracy of the bright exciton state.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed-Raouf Amara
- Laboratoire de Physique de l'École Normale Supérieure, ENS, Université PSL, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Université Paris-Cité, F-75005 Paris, France
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 637371 Singapore
| | - Caixia Huo
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 637371 Singapore
- Institute of Materials/School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
- Shaoxing Institute of Technology, Shanghai University, Zhejiang 312000, China
| | - Christophe Voisin
- Laboratoire de Physique de l'École Normale Supérieure, ENS, Université PSL, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Université Paris-Cité, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Qihua Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Quantum Physics, Department of Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, People's Republic of China
- Frontier Science Center for Quantum Information, Beijing 100084, People's Republic of China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, Beijing 100084, People's Republic of China
- Beijing Academy of Quantum Information Sciences, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Carole Diederichs
- Laboratoire de Physique de l'École Normale Supérieure, ENS, Université PSL, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Université Paris-Cité, F-75005 Paris, France
- Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), 75231 Paris, France
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Cueto C, Hu M, Russell TP, Emrick T. Conjugated Zwitterionic Oligomers as Ligands on Perovskite Nanocrystals: Hybrid Structures with Tunable Interparticle Spacing. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:8189-8197. [PMID: 38471087 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c12723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
Conventional ligands for CsPbBr3 perovskite nanocrystals (NCs), composed of polar, coordinating head groups (e.g., ammonium or zwitterionic) and aliphatic tails, are instrumental in stabilizing the NCs against sintering and aggregation. Nonetheless, the aliphatic (insulating) nature of these ligands represents drawbacks with respect to objectives in optoelectronics, and yet removing these ligands typically leads to a loss of colloidal stability. In this paper, we describe the preparation of CsPbBr3 NCs in the presence of discrete conjugated oligomers that were prepared by an iterative synthetic approach and capped at their chain ends with sulfobetaine zwitterions for perovskite coordination. Notably, these zwitterionic oligofluorenes are compatible with the hot injection and ligand exchange conditions used to prepare CsPbBr3 NCs, yielding stable NC dispersions with high photoluminescence quantum yields (PLQY, >90%) and spectral features representative of both the perovskite core and conjugated ligand shell. Controlling the chain length of these capping ligands effectively regulated inter-NC spacing and packing geometry when cast into solid films, with evidence derived from both transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and grazing incidence X-ray scattering measurements.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Cueto
- Department of Polymer Science & Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Conte Center for Polymer Research, 120 Governors Dr, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | - Mingqiu Hu
- Department of Polymer Science & Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Conte Center for Polymer Research, 120 Governors Dr, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | - Thomas P Russell
- Department of Polymer Science & Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Conte Center for Polymer Research, 120 Governors Dr, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | - Todd Emrick
- Department of Polymer Science & Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Conte Center for Polymer Research, 120 Governors Dr, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Aebli M, Kaul CJ, Yazdani N, Krieg F, Bernasconi C, Guggisberg D, Marczak M, Morad V, Piveteau L, Bodnarchuk MI, Verel R, Wood V, Kovalenko MV. Disorder and Halide Distributions in Cesium Lead Halide Nanocrystals as Seen by Colloidal 133Cs Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy. CHEMISTRY OF MATERIALS : A PUBLICATION OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY 2024; 36:2767-2775. [PMID: 38558917 PMCID: PMC10976639 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemmater.3c02901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Revised: 03/02/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Colloidal nuclear magnetic resonance (cNMR) spectroscopy on inorganic cesium lead halide nanocrystals (CsPbX3 NCs) is found to serve for noninvasive characterization and quantification of disorder within these structurally soft and labile particles. In particular, we show that 133Cs cNMR is highly responsive to size variations from 3 to 11 nm or to altering the capping ligands on the surfaces of CsPbX3 NCs. Distinct 133Cs signals are attributed to the surface and core NC regions. Increased heterogeneous broadening of 133Cs signals, observed for smaller NCs as well as for long-chain zwitterionic capping ligands (phosphocholines, phosphoethanol(propanol)amine, and sulfobetaines), can be attributed to more significant surface disorder and multifaceted surfaces (truncated cubes). On the contrary, capping with dimethyldidodecylammonium bromide (DDAB) successfully reduces signal broadening owing to better surface passivation and sharper (001)-bound cuboid shape. DFT calculations on various sizes of NCs corroborate the notion that the surface disorder propagates over several octahedral layers. 133Cs NMR is a sensitive probe for studying halide gradients in mixed Br/Cl NCs, indicating bromide-rich surfaces and chloride-rich cores. On the contrary, mixed Br/I NCs exhibit homogeneous halide distributions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marcel Aebli
- Department
of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH
Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1-5, Zürich CH-8093, Switzerland
- Empa-Swiss
Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Überlandstrasse 129, Dübendorf CH-8600, Switzerland
| | - Christoph J. Kaul
- Department
of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH
Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1-5, Zürich CH-8093, Switzerland
- Empa-Swiss
Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Überlandstrasse 129, Dübendorf CH-8600, Switzerland
| | - Nuri Yazdani
- Department
of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg
1-5, Zürich CH-8093, Switzerland
| | - Franziska Krieg
- Department
of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH
Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1-5, Zürich CH-8093, Switzerland
- Empa-Swiss
Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Überlandstrasse 129, Dübendorf CH-8600, Switzerland
| | - Caterina Bernasconi
- Department
of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH
Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1-5, Zürich CH-8093, Switzerland
- Empa-Swiss
Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Überlandstrasse 129, Dübendorf CH-8600, Switzerland
| | - Dominic Guggisberg
- Department
of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH
Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1-5, Zürich CH-8093, Switzerland
- Empa-Swiss
Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Überlandstrasse 129, Dübendorf CH-8600, Switzerland
| | - Malwina Marczak
- Department
of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH
Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1-5, Zürich CH-8093, Switzerland
- Empa-Swiss
Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Überlandstrasse 129, Dübendorf CH-8600, Switzerland
| | - Viktoriia Morad
- Department
of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH
Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1-5, Zürich CH-8093, Switzerland
- Empa-Swiss
Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Überlandstrasse 129, Dübendorf CH-8600, Switzerland
| | - Laura Piveteau
- Department
of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH
Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1-5, Zürich CH-8093, Switzerland
- Empa-Swiss
Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Überlandstrasse 129, Dübendorf CH-8600, Switzerland
| | - Maryna I. Bodnarchuk
- Department
of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH
Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1-5, Zürich CH-8093, Switzerland
- Empa-Swiss
Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Überlandstrasse 129, Dübendorf CH-8600, Switzerland
| | - René Verel
- Department
of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH
Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1-5, Zürich CH-8093, Switzerland
| | - Vanessa Wood
- Department
of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg
1-5, Zürich CH-8093, Switzerland
| | - Maksym V. Kovalenko
- Department
of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH
Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1-5, Zürich CH-8093, Switzerland
- Empa-Swiss
Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Überlandstrasse 129, Dübendorf CH-8600, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Almutlaq J, Liu Y, Mir WJ, Sabatini RP, Englund D, Bakr OM, Sargent EH. Engineering colloidal semiconductor nanocrystals for quantum information processing. NATURE NANOTECHNOLOGY 2024:10.1038/s41565-024-01606-4. [PMID: 38514820 DOI: 10.1038/s41565-024-01606-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
Quantum information processing-which relies on spin defects or single-photon emission-has shown quantum advantage in proof-of-principle experiments including microscopic imaging of electromagnetic fields, strain and temperature in applications ranging from battery research to neuroscience. However, critical gaps remain on the path to wider applications, including a need for improved functionalization, deterministic placement, size homogeneity and greater programmability of multifunctional properties. Colloidal semiconductor nanocrystals can close these gaps in numerous application areas, following years of rapid advances in synthesis and functionalization. In this Review, we specifically focus on three key topics: optical interfaces to long-lived spin states, deterministic placement and delivery for sensing beyond the standard quantum limit, and extensions to multifunctional colloidal quantum circuits.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jawaher Almutlaq
- Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Yuan Liu
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Wasim J Mir
- KAUST Catalysis Center, Division of Physical Sciences and Engineering (PSE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Randy P Sabatini
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
| | - Dirk Englund
- Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.
| | - Osman M Bakr
- KAUST Catalysis Center, Division of Physical Sciences and Engineering (PSE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
| | - Edward H Sargent
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA.
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Sekh T, Cherniukh I, Kobiyama E, Sheehan TJ, Manoli A, Zhu C, Athanasiou M, Sergides M, Ortikova O, Rossell MD, Bertolotti F, Guagliardi A, Masciocchi N, Erni R, Othonos A, Itskos G, Tisdale WA, Stöferle T, Rainò G, Bodnarchuk MI, Kovalenko MV. All-Perovskite Multicomponent Nanocrystal Superlattices. ACS NANO 2024; 18:8423-8436. [PMID: 38446635 PMCID: PMC10958606 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c13062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
Nanocrystal superlattices (NC SLs) have long been sought as promising metamaterials, with nanoscale-engineered properties arising from collective and synergistic effects among the constituent building blocks. Lead halide perovskite (LHP) NCs come across as outstanding candidates for SL design, as they demonstrate collective light emission, known as superfluorescence, in single- and multicomponent SLs. Thus far, LHP NCs have only been assembled in single-component SLs or coassembled with dielectric NC building blocks acting solely as spacers between luminescent NCs. Here, we report the formation of multicomponent LHP NC-only SLs, i.e., using only CsPbBr3 NCs of different sizes as building blocks. The structural diversity of the obtained SLs encompasses the ABO6, ABO3, and NaCl structure types, all of which contain orientationally and positionally locked NCs. For the selected model system, the ABO6-type SL, we observed efficient NC coupling and Förster-like energy transfer from strongly confined 5.3 nm CsPbBr3 NCs to weakly confined 17.6 nm CsPbBr3 NCs, along with characteristic superfluorescence features at cryogenic temperatures. Spatiotemporal exciton dynamics measurements reveal that binary SLs exhibit enhanced exciton diffusivity compared to single-component NC assemblies across the entire temperature range (from 5 to 298 K). The observed coherent and incoherent NC coupling and controllable excitonic transport within the solid NC SLs hold promise for applications in quantum optoelectronic devices.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Taras
V. Sekh
- Institute
of Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
- Laboratory
for Thin Films and Photovoltaics, Empa−Swiss
Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Ihor Cherniukh
- Institute
of Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
- Laboratory
for Thin Films and Photovoltaics, Empa−Swiss
Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | | | - Thomas J. Sheehan
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute
of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Andreas Manoli
- Experimental
Condensed Matter Physics Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Cyprus, 1678 Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Chenglian Zhu
- Institute
of Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
- Laboratory
for Thin Films and Photovoltaics, Empa−Swiss
Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Modestos Athanasiou
- Experimental
Condensed Matter Physics Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Cyprus, 1678 Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Marios Sergides
- Laboratory
of Ultrafast Science, Department of Physics, University of Cyprus, Nicosia 1678, Cyprus
| | - Oleksandra Ortikova
- Electron
Microscopy Center, Empa−Swiss Federal
Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, CH-8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Marta D. Rossell
- Electron
Microscopy Center, Empa−Swiss Federal
Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, CH-8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Federica Bertolotti
- Department
of Science and High Technology and To.Sca.Lab, University of Insubria, via Valleggio 11, 22100 Como, Italy
| | - Antonietta Guagliardi
- Istituto
di Cristallografia and To.Sca.Lab, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, via Valleggio 11, 22100 Como, Italy
| | - Norberto Masciocchi
- Department
of Science and High Technology and To.Sca.Lab, University of Insubria, via Valleggio 11, 22100 Como, Italy
| | - Rolf Erni
- Electron
Microscopy Center, Empa−Swiss Federal
Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, CH-8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Andreas Othonos
- Laboratory
of Ultrafast Science, Department of Physics, University of Cyprus, Nicosia 1678, Cyprus
| | - Grigorios Itskos
- Experimental
Condensed Matter Physics Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Cyprus, 1678 Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - William A. Tisdale
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute
of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Thilo Stöferle
- IBM
Research Europe−Zürich, Rüschlikon CH-8803, Switzerland
| | - Gabriele Rainò
- Institute
of Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
- Laboratory
for Thin Films and Photovoltaics, Empa−Swiss
Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Maryna I. Bodnarchuk
- Institute
of Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
- Laboratory
for Thin Films and Photovoltaics, Empa−Swiss
Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Maksym V. Kovalenko
- Institute
of Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
- Laboratory
for Thin Films and Photovoltaics, Empa−Swiss
Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Ma Y, Wang N, Liu Q, Tian Y, Tian Z, Gu Y. Entangled dark state mediated by a dielectric cavity within epsilon-near-zero materials. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2024; 35:235002. [PMID: 38417160 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ad2e4b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/01/2024]
Abstract
Two emitters can be entangled by manipulating them through optical fields within a photonic cavity. However, maintaining entanglement for a long time is challenging due to the decoherence of the entangled qubits, primarily caused by cavity loss and atomic decay. Here, we found the entangled dark state between two emitters mediated by a dielectric cavity within epsilon-near-zero (ENZ) materials, ensuring entanglement maintenance over an extended period. To obtain the entangled dark state, we derived an effective model with degenerate mode modulation. In the dielectric cavities within ENZ materials, the decay rate of emitters can be regarded as 0, which is the key to achieving the entangled dark state. Meanwhile, the dark state immune to cavity loss exists when two emitters are in symmetric positions in the dielectric cavity. Additionally, by adjusting the emitters to specific asymmetric positions, it is possible to achieve transient entanglement with higher concurrence. By overcoming the decoherence of the entangled qubits, this study demonstrates stable, long-term entanglement with ENZ materials, holding significant importance for applications such as nanodevice design for quantum communication and quantum information processing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yun Ma
- State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics, Department of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
| | - Nuo Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics, Department of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
| | - Qi Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics, Department of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
- Frontiers Science Center for Nano-optoelectronics & Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter & Beijing Academy of Quantum Information Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Tian
- State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics, Department of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
- Frontiers Science Center for Nano-optoelectronics & Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter & Beijing Academy of Quantum Information Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhaohua Tian
- State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics, Department of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Gu
- State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics, Department of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
- Frontiers Science Center for Nano-optoelectronics & Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter & Beijing Academy of Quantum Information Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, People's Republic of China
- Peking University Yangtze Delta Institute of Optoelectronics, Nantong 226010, People's Republic of China
- Hefei National Laboratory, Hefei 230088, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Ye Y, Liu S, Lei H, Lv L, Qin H, Fang W, Peng X. Suppressed Magnitude of Spectral Diffusion in Cube-Shaped CdSe/CdS Core/Shell Nanocrystals with Exceedingly Stable Photoluminescence. NANO LETTERS 2024; 24:2712-2718. [PMID: 38407061 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c04250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
Colloidal semiconductor nanocrystals are promising candidates for quantum light sources, yet their application has been impeded by photoluminescence instability due to blinking and spectral diffusion. This study introduces a new category of cube-shaped CdSe/CdS core/shell nanocrystals with exceptionally stable photoluminescence characteristics. Under continuous excitation, the emissive quantum state remained consistent without alterations of the charge state for 4000 s, and the average photon energy variation stayed within the bounds of spectral resolution throughout this extended duration. Systematic examination of single-nanocrystal photoluminescence, upon variation of the core and shell dimensions, revealed that a thicker CdS shell and increased core edge length significantly curtail spectral diffusion, considering that the nanocrystals possess well-controlled CdSe-CdS and facet-ligand interfaces. This study advances the optimization of colloidal semiconductor nanocrystals as high-performance quantum light sources.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yongzheng Ye
- Interdisciplinary Center for Quantum Information, State Key Laboratory of Extreme Photonics and Instrumentation, College of Optical Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Shaojie Liu
- Key Laboratory of Excited-State Materials of Zhejiang Province and Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Haixin Lei
- Key Laboratory of Excited-State Materials of Zhejiang Province and Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Liulin Lv
- Key Laboratory of Excited-State Materials of Zhejiang Province and Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Haiyan Qin
- Key Laboratory of Excited-State Materials of Zhejiang Province and Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Wei Fang
- Interdisciplinary Center for Quantum Information, State Key Laboratory of Extreme Photonics and Instrumentation, College of Optical Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
- Jiaxing Key Laboratory of Photonic Sensing & Intelligent Imaging, Jiaxing 314000, China
- Intelligent Optics & Photonics Research Center, Jiaxing Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Jiaxing 314000, China
| | - Xiaogang Peng
- Key Laboratory of Excited-State Materials of Zhejiang Province and Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Shcherbakov-Wu W, Saris S, Sheehan TJ, Wong NN, Powers ER, Krieg F, Kovalenko MV, Willard AP, Tisdale WA. Persistent enhancement of exciton diffusivity in CsPbBr 3 nanocrystal solids. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2024; 10:eadj2630. [PMID: 38381813 PMCID: PMC10881049 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adj2630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
In semiconductors, exciton or charge carrier diffusivity is typically described as an inherent material property. Here, we show that the transport of excitons among CsPbBr3 perovskite nanocrystals (NCs) depends markedly on how recently those NCs were occupied by a previous exciton. Using transient photoluminescence microscopy, we observe a striking dependence of the apparent exciton diffusivity on excitation laser power that does not arise from nonlinear exciton-exciton interactions or thermal heating. We interpret our observations with a model in which excitons cause NCs to transition to a long-lived metastable configuration that markedly increases exciton transport. The exciton diffusivity observed here (>0.15 square centimeters per second) is considerably higher than that observed in other NC systems, revealing unusually strong excitonic coupling between NCs. The finding of a persistent enhancement in excitonic coupling may help explain other photophysical behaviors observed in CsPbBr3 NCs, such as superfluorescence, and inform the design of optoelectronic devices.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenbi Shcherbakov-Wu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Seryio Saris
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Laboratory of Nanochemistry for Energy (LNCE), Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering (ISIC), École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1950 Sion, Switzerland
| | - Thomas John Sheehan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Narumi Nagaya Wong
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Eric R. Powers
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Franziska Krieg
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Bioscience, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
- Laboratory for Thin Films and Photovoltaics and Laboratory for Transport at Nanoscale Interfaces, Empa – Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Maksym V. Kovalenko
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Bioscience, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
- Laboratory for Thin Films and Photovoltaics and Laboratory for Transport at Nanoscale Interfaces, Empa – Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Adam P. Willard
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - William A. Tisdale
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Tosa K, Ding C, Chen S, Hayase S, Shen Q. Classifying the Role of Surface Ligands on the Passivation and Stability of Cs 2NaInCl 6 Double Perovskite Quantum Dots. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 14:376. [PMID: 38392749 PMCID: PMC10892567 DOI: 10.3390/nano14040376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
Cs2NaInCl6 double perovskites, which have excellent photoelectric conversion properties and are non-toxic and lead-free, have recently gained significant attention. In particular, double-perovskite quantum dots (QDs) are viewed as a promising material for optoelectronic device applications. Ligands such as oleic acid (OA) and oleylamine (OAm) are essential for the synthesis of perovskite QDs, but their specific roles in double-perovskite QDs remain unclear. In this study, we have investigated the binding of OA and OAm to Cs2NaInCl6 QDs through FTIR and NMR and their effects on the surface defect reduction and stability improvement for Cs2NaInCl6 QDs. We found that only OAm was bound to the QD surfaces while OA was not. The OAm has a significant effect on the photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) improvement by passivating the QD surface defects. The stability of the QDs was also evaluated, and it was observed that OA played a significant role in the stability of the QDs. Our findings provide valuable insights into the roles of ligands in influencing the photophysical properties and stability of lead-free double-perovskite QDs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Keita Tosa
- Faculty of Informatics and Engineering, The University of Electro-Communications, 1-5-1 Chofugaoka, Chofu, Tokyo 182-8585, Japan; (K.T.); (S.C.); (S.H.)
| | - Chao Ding
- Institute of New Energy and Low-Carbon Technology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Shikai Chen
- Faculty of Informatics and Engineering, The University of Electro-Communications, 1-5-1 Chofugaoka, Chofu, Tokyo 182-8585, Japan; (K.T.); (S.C.); (S.H.)
| | - Shuzi Hayase
- Faculty of Informatics and Engineering, The University of Electro-Communications, 1-5-1 Chofugaoka, Chofu, Tokyo 182-8585, Japan; (K.T.); (S.C.); (S.H.)
| | - Qing Shen
- Faculty of Informatics and Engineering, The University of Electro-Communications, 1-5-1 Chofugaoka, Chofu, Tokyo 182-8585, Japan; (K.T.); (S.C.); (S.H.)
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Bujalance C, Caliò L, Dirin DN, Tiede DO, Galisteo-López JF, Feist J, García-Vidal FJ, Kovalenko MV, Míguez H. Strong Light-Matter Coupling in Lead Halide Perovskite Quantum Dot Solids. ACS NANO 2024; 18:4922-4931. [PMID: 38301147 PMCID: PMC10867889 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c10358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
Strong coupling between lead halide perovskite materials and optical resonators enables both polaritonic control of the photophysical properties of these emerging semiconductors and the observation of fundamental physical phenomena. However, the difficulty in achieving optical-quality perovskite quantum dot (PQD) films showing well-defined excitonic transitions has prevented the study of strong light-matter coupling in these materials, central to the field of optoelectronics. Herein we demonstrate the formation at room temperature of multiple cavity exciton-polaritons in metallic resonators embedding highly transparent Cesium Lead Bromide quantum dot (CsPbBr3-QD) solids, revealed by a significant reconfiguration of the absorption and emission properties of the system. Our results indicate that the effects of biexciton interaction or large polaron formation, frequently invoked to explain the properties of PQDs, are seemingly absent or compensated by other more conspicuous effects in the CsPbBr3-QD optical cavity. We observe that strong coupling enables a significant reduction of the photoemission line width, as well as the ultrafast modulation of the optical absorption, controllable by means of the excitation fluence. We find that the interplay of the polariton states with the large dark state reservoir plays a decisive role in determining the dynamics of the emission and transient absorption properties of the hybridized light-quantum dot solid system. Our results should serve as the basis for future investigations of PQD solids as polaritonic materials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Clara Bujalance
- Multifunctional
Optical Materials Group, Institute of Materials
Science of Sevilla, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas
− Universidad de Sevilla (CSIC-US), Américo Vespucio 49, Sevilla 41092, Spain
| | - Laura Caliò
- Multifunctional
Optical Materials Group, Institute of Materials
Science of Sevilla, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas
− Universidad de Sevilla (CSIC-US), Américo Vespucio 49, Sevilla 41092, Spain
| | - Dmitry N. Dirin
- Laboratory
of Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, Zürich CH-8093, Switzerland
- EMPA
− Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Dübendorf CH-8600, Switzerland
| | - David O. Tiede
- Multifunctional
Optical Materials Group, Institute of Materials
Science of Sevilla, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas
− Universidad de Sevilla (CSIC-US), Américo Vespucio 49, Sevilla 41092, Spain
| | - Juan F. Galisteo-López
- Multifunctional
Optical Materials Group, Institute of Materials
Science of Sevilla, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas
− Universidad de Sevilla (CSIC-US), Américo Vespucio 49, Sevilla 41092, Spain
| | - Johannes Feist
- Departamento
de Física Teórica de la Materia Condensada and Condensed
Matter Physics Center (IFIMAC), Universidad
Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid 28049, Spain
| | - Francisco J. García-Vidal
- Departamento
de Física Teórica de la Materia Condensada and Condensed
Matter Physics Center (IFIMAC), Universidad
Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid 28049, Spain
| | - Maksym V. Kovalenko
- Laboratory
of Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, Zürich CH-8093, Switzerland
- EMPA
− Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Dübendorf CH-8600, Switzerland
| | - Hernán Míguez
- Multifunctional
Optical Materials Group, Institute of Materials
Science of Sevilla, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas
− Universidad de Sevilla (CSIC-US), Américo Vespucio 49, Sevilla 41092, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Bodnarchuk MI, Feld LG, Zhu C, Boehme SC, Bertolotti F, Avaro J, Aebli M, Mir SH, Masciocchi N, Erni R, Chakraborty S, Guagliardi A, Rainò G, Kovalenko MV. Colloidal Aziridinium Lead Bromide Quantum Dots. ACS NANO 2024. [PMID: 38320982 PMCID: PMC10883123 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c11579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
The compositional engineering of lead-halide perovskite nanocrystals (NCs) via the A-site cation represents a lever to fine-tune their structural and electronic properties. However, the presently available chemical space remains minimal since, thus far, only three A-site cations have been reported to favor the formation of stable lead-halide perovskite NCs, i.e., Cs+, formamidinium (FA), and methylammonium (MA). Inspired by recent reports on bulk single crystals with aziridinium (AZ) as the A-site cation, we present a facile colloidal synthesis of AZPbBr3 NCs with a narrow size distribution and size tunability down to 4 nm, producing quantum dots (QDs) in the regime of strong quantum confinement. NMR and Raman spectroscopies confirm the stabilization of the AZ cations in the locally distorted cubic structure. AZPbBr3 QDs exhibit bright photoluminescence with quantum efficiencies of up to 80%. Stabilized with cationic and zwitterionic capping ligands, single AZPbBr3 QDs exhibit stable single-photon emission, which is another essential attribute of QDs. In particular, didodecyldimethylammonium bromide and 2-octyldodecyl-phosphoethanolamine ligands afford AZPbBr3 QDs with high spectral stability at both room and cryogenic temperatures, reduced blinking with a characteristic ON fraction larger than 85%, and high single-photon purity (g(2)(0) = 0.1), all comparable to the best-reported values for MAPbBr3 and FAPbBr3 QDs of the same size.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maryna I Bodnarchuk
- Laboratory for Thin Films and Photovoltaics, Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Dübendorf 8600, Switzerland
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, Zürich 8093, Switzerland
| | - Leon G Feld
- Laboratory for Thin Films and Photovoltaics, Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Dübendorf 8600, Switzerland
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, Zürich 8093, Switzerland
| | - Chenglian Zhu
- Laboratory for Thin Films and Photovoltaics, Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Dübendorf 8600, Switzerland
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, Zürich 8093, Switzerland
| | - Simon C Boehme
- Laboratory for Thin Films and Photovoltaics, Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Dübendorf 8600, Switzerland
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, Zürich 8093, Switzerland
| | - Federica Bertolotti
- Department of Science and High Technology and To.Sca.Lab., University of Insubria, via Valleggio 11, Como 22100, Italy
| | - Jonathan Avaro
- Centre for X-ray Analytics & Laboratory for Biomimetic Membranes and Textiles, Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, St. Gallen 9014, Switzerland
| | - Marcel Aebli
- Laboratory for Thin Films and Photovoltaics, Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Dübendorf 8600, Switzerland
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, Zürich 8093, Switzerland
| | - Showkat Hassan Mir
- Materials Theory for Energy Scavenging (MATES) Lab, Harish-Chandra Research Institute (HRI) Allahabad, A C.I. of Homi Bhabha National Institute (HBNI), Chhatnag Road, Jhunsi, Prayagraj (Allahabad) 211019, India
| | - Norberto Masciocchi
- Department of Science and High Technology and To.Sca.Lab., University of Insubria, via Valleggio 11, Como 22100, Italy
| | - Rolf Erni
- Electron Microscopy Center, Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Dübendorf 8600, Switzerland
| | - Sudip Chakraborty
- Materials Theory for Energy Scavenging (MATES) Lab, Harish-Chandra Research Institute (HRI) Allahabad, A C.I. of Homi Bhabha National Institute (HBNI), Chhatnag Road, Jhunsi, Prayagraj (Allahabad) 211019, India
| | - Antonietta Guagliardi
- Istituto di Cristallografia and To.Sca.Lab, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, via Valleggio 11, Como 22100, Italy
| | - Gabriele Rainò
- Laboratory for Thin Films and Photovoltaics, Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Dübendorf 8600, Switzerland
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, Zürich 8093, Switzerland
| | - Maksym V Kovalenko
- Laboratory for Thin Films and Photovoltaics, Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Dübendorf 8600, Switzerland
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, Zürich 8093, Switzerland
- SKKU Institute of Energy Science and Technology (SIEST), Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, South Korea
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Cho K, Sato T, Yamada T, Sato R, Saruyama M, Teranishi T, Suzuura H, Kanemitsu Y. Size Dependence of Trion and Biexciton Binding Energies in Lead Halide Perovskite Nanocrystals. ACS NANO 2024. [PMID: 38316049 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c11842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
Lead halide perovskite nanocrystals (NCs) have attracted much attention as light-source materials for light-emitting diodes, lasers, and quantum light emitters. The luminescence properties of perovskite NCs and the performance of NC-based light-source devices depend on trion and biexciton dynamics. Here, we examined the size dependence of trion and biexciton binding energies by conducting low-temperature single-dot spectroscopy on three different perovskite NCs: CsPbBr3, CsPbI3, and FAPbBr3. While the photoluminescence spectral widths of the all-inorganic CsPbBr3 and CsPbI3 NCs were narrow, compared with those of the organic-inorganic hybrid FAPbBr3 NCs, the binding energies of trions and biexcitons of all three samples showed similar size dependences, independent of the A-site cation and halogen. The effective-mass approximation calculations implied the importance of dynamical dielectric screening on the formation of trions and biexcitons.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kenichi Cho
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
| | - Takao Sato
- Graduate School of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8628, Japan
| | - Takumi Yamada
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
| | - Ryota Sato
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
| | - Masaki Saruyama
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
| | - Toshiharu Teranishi
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
| | - Hidekatsu Suzuura
- Graduate School of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8628, Japan
| | - Yoshihiko Kanemitsu
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Gao K, Li Y, Yang Y, Liu Y, Liu M, Liang W, Zhang B, Wang L, Zhu J, Wu K. Manipulating Coherent Exciton Dynamics in CsPbI 3 Perovskite Quantum Dots Using Magnetic Field. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2309420. [PMID: 38009823 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202309420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
Lead halide perovskite quantum dots (QDs) have recently emerged as a promising material platform for quantum information processing owing to their strong light-matter interaction and relatively long-lived optical and spin coherences. In particular, the coherence of the fine-structure bright excitons is sustainable up to room temperature and can be observed even at an ensemble level. Here modulation of the polarization of these excitons in CsPbI3 QDs and manipulation of their time-domain coherent dynamics using a longitudinal magnetic field are demonstrated. The manipulation is realized using femtosecond quantum beat spectroscopy performed with both circularly- and linearly-polarized pulses. The results are well captured by the density of matrix simulation and are picturized using a Bloch sphere. This study forms the basis for preparing arbitrary coherent superpositions of excitons in perovskite QDs for an array of quantum technologies under near-ambient conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kaimin Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, Liaoning, 116023, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yuxuan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, Liaoning, 116023, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yupeng Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, Liaoning, 116023, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yuan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, Liaoning, 116023, China
- Department of Chemical Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China
| | - Meng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, Liaoning, 116023, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Wenfei Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, Liaoning, 116023, China
| | - Boyu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, Liaoning, 116023, China
| | - Lifeng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, Liaoning, 116023, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Jingyi Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, Liaoning, 116023, China
| | - Kaifeng Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, Liaoning, 116023, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
- Department of Chemical Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Zhu C, Boehme SC, Feld LG, Moskalenko A, Dirin DN, Mahrt RF, Stöferle T, Bodnarchuk MI, Efros AL, Sercel PC, Kovalenko MV, Rainò G. Single-photon superradiance in individual caesium lead halide quantum dots. Nature 2024; 626:535-541. [PMID: 38297126 PMCID: PMC10866711 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-023-07001-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2024]
Abstract
The brightness of an emitter is ultimately described by Fermi's golden rule, with a radiative rate proportional to its oscillator strength times the local density of photonic states. As the oscillator strength is an intrinsic material property, the quest for ever brighter emission has relied on the local density of photonic states engineering, using dielectric or plasmonic resonators1,2. By contrast, a much less explored avenue is to boost the oscillator strength, and hence the emission rate, using a collective behaviour termed superradiance. Recently, it was proposed3 that the latter can be realized using the giant oscillator-strength transitions of a weakly confined exciton in a quantum well when its coherent motion extends over many unit cells. Here we demonstrate single-photon superradiance in perovskite quantum dots with a sub-100 picosecond radiative decay time, almost as short as the reported exciton coherence time4. The characteristic dependence of radiative rates on the size, composition and temperature of the quantum dot suggests the formation of giant transition dipoles, as confirmed by effective-mass calculations. The results aid in the development of ultrabright, coherent quantum light sources and attest that quantum effects, for example, single-photon emission, persist in nanoparticles ten times larger than the exciton Bohr radius.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chenglian Zhu
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
- Laboratory for Thin Films and Photovoltaics, Empa-Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Simon C Boehme
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
- Laboratory for Thin Films and Photovoltaics, Empa-Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Leon G Feld
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
- Laboratory for Thin Films and Photovoltaics, Empa-Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Anastasiia Moskalenko
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
- Laboratory for Thin Films and Photovoltaics, Empa-Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Dmitry N Dirin
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
- Laboratory for Thin Films and Photovoltaics, Empa-Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Maryna I Bodnarchuk
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
- Laboratory for Thin Films and Photovoltaics, Empa-Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Alexander L Efros
- Center for Computational Materials Science, US Naval Research Laboratory, Washington DC, USA
| | - Peter C Sercel
- Center for Hybrid Organic Inorganic Semiconductors for Energy, Golden, CO, USA.
| | - Maksym V Kovalenko
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland.
- Laboratory for Thin Films and Photovoltaics, Empa-Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Dübendorf, Switzerland.
| | - Gabriele Rainò
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland.
- Laboratory for Thin Films and Photovoltaics, Empa-Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Dübendorf, Switzerland.
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Meng L, Xu Q, Zhang J, Wang X. Colloidal quantum dot materials for next-generation near-infrared optoelectronics. Chem Commun (Camb) 2024; 60:1072-1088. [PMID: 38174780 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc04315k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Colloidal quantum dots (CQDs) are a promising class of materials for next-generation optoelectronic devices, such as displays, LEDs, lasers, photodetectors, and solar cells. CQDs can be obtained at low cost and in large quantities using wet chemistry. CQDs have also been produced using various materials, such as CdSe, InP, perovskites, PbS, PbSe, and InAs. Some of these CQD materials absorb and emit photons in the visible region, making them excellent candidates for displays and LEDs, while others interact with low-energy photons in the near-infrared (NIR) region and are intensively utilized in NIR lasers, NIR photodetectors, and solar cells. In this review, we have focused on NIR CQD materials and reviewed the development of CQD materials for solar cells, NIR lasers, and NIR photodetectors since the first set of reports on CQD materials in these particular applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lingju Meng
- Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, Espoo, Finland
- Department of Chemistry and Materials Science, Micronova Nanofabrication Centre, Aalto University, Espoo, Finland
| | - Qiwei Xu
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada.
| | - Jiangwen Zhang
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada.
| | - Xihua Wang
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Jun S, Kim J, Choi M, Kim BS, Park J, Kim D, Shin B, Cho YH. Ultrafast and Bright Quantum Emitters from the Cavity-Coupled Single Perovskite Nanocrystals. ACS NANO 2024; 18:1396-1403. [PMID: 37943020 PMCID: PMC10795470 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c06760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
Perovskite nanocrystals (NCs) have attracted increasing interest in the realization of single-photon emitters owing to their ease of chemical synthesis, wide spectral tunability, fast recombination rate constant, scalability, and high quantum yield. However, the integration of a single perovskite NC into a photonic structure has yet to be accomplished. In this work, the integration of a highly stable individual zwitterionic ligand-based CsPbBr3 perovskite NC with a circular Bragg grating (CBG) is successfully demonstrated. The far-field radiation pattern of the NC inside the CBG exhibits high directionality toward a low azimuthal angle, which is consistent with the simulation results. A 5.4-fold enhancement in brightness is observed due to an increase in collection efficiency. Moreover, a 1.95-fold increase in the recombination rate constant is achieved. This study offers ultrafast (<100 ps) single-photon emission and an improved brightness of perovskite NCs, which are critical factors for practical quantum optical applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Seongmoon Jun
- Department
of Physics and KI for the NanoCentury, Korea
Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Joonyun Kim
- Department
of Material Science and Engineering, Korea
Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Minho Choi
- Department
of Physics and KI for the NanoCentury, Korea
Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung Su Kim
- Department
of Physics and KI for the NanoCentury, Korea
Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinu Park
- Department
of Material Science and Engineering, Korea
Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Daehan Kim
- Department
of Material Science and Engineering, Korea
Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Byungha Shin
- Department
of Material Science and Engineering, Korea
Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Hoon Cho
- Department
of Physics and KI for the NanoCentury, Korea
Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Strandell D, Mora Perez C, Wu Y, Prezhdo OV, Kambhampati P. Excitonic Quantum Coherence in Light Emission from CsPbBr 3 Metal-Halide Perovskite Nanocrystals. NANO LETTERS 2024; 24:61-66. [PMID: 38113396 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c03180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
The decay of excited states via radiative and nonradiative paths is well understood in molecules and bulk semiconductors but less so in nanocrystals. Here, we perform time-resolved photoluminescence (t-PL) experiments on CsPbBr3 metal-halide perovskite nanocrystals, with a time resolution of 3 ps, sufficient to observe the decay of both excitons and biexcitons as a function of temperature. The striking result is that the radiative rate constant of the single exciton increases at low temperatures with an exponential functional form, suggesting quantum coherent effects with dephasing at high temperatures. The opposing directions of the radiative and nonradiative decay rate constants enable enhanced brightening of PL from excitons to biexcitons due to quantum effects, promoting a faster approach to the quantum theoretical limits of light emission. Ab initio quantum dynamics simulations reproduce the experimental observations of radiation controlled by quantum spatial coherence enhanced at low temperatures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dallas Strandell
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 0B8, Canada
| | - Carlos Mora Perez
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
| | - Yifan Wu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
| | - Oleg V Prezhdo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
| | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Strandell DP, Zenatti D, Nagpal P, Ghosh A, Dirin DN, Kovalenko MV, Kambhampati P. Hot Excitons Cool in Metal Halide Perovskite Nanocrystals as Fast as CdSe Nanocrystals. ACS NANO 2024; 18:1054-1062. [PMID: 38109401 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c10301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2023]
Abstract
The idea of phonon bottlenecks has long been pursued in nanoscale materials for their application in hot exciton devices, such as photovoltaics. Decades ago, it was shown that there is no quantum phonon bottleneck in strongly confined quantum dots due to their physics of quantum confinement. More recently, it was proposed that there are hot phonon bottlenecks in metal halide perovskites due to their physics. Recent work has called into question these bottlenecks in metal halide perovskites. Here, we compare hot exciton cooling in a range of sizes of CsPbBr3 nanocrystals from weakly to strongly confined. These results are compared to strongly confined CdSe quantum dots of two sizes and degrees of quantum confinement. CdSe is a model system as a ruler for measuring hot exciton cooling being fast, by virtue of its efficient Auger-assisted processes. By virtue of 3 ps time resolution, the hot exciton photoluminescence can now be directly observed, which is the most direct measure of the presence of hot excitons and their lifetimes. The hot exciton photoluminescence decays on nearly the same 2 ps time scale on both the weakly confined perovskite and the larger CdSe quantum dots, much faster than the 10 ps cooling predicted by transient absorption experiments. The smaller CdSe quantum dot has still faster cooling, as expected from quantum size effects. The quantum dots of perovskites show extremely fast hot exciton cooling, decaying faster than detection limits of <1 ps, even faster than the CdSe system, suggesting the efficiency of Auger processes in these metal halide perovskite nanocrystals and especially in their quantum dot form. These results across a range of sizes of nanocrystals reveal extremely fast hot exciton cooling at high exciton density, independent of composition, but dependent upon size. Hence these metal halide perovskite nanocrystals seem to cool heavily following quantum dot physics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Davide Zenatti
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, Montreal, H3A 0B8, Canada
| | - Priya Nagpal
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, Montreal, H3A 0B8, Canada
| | - Arnab Ghosh
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, Montreal, H3A 0B8, Canada
| | - Dmitry N Dirin
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Maksym V Kovalenko
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
- Empa-Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, 8600 Dubendorf, Switzerland
| | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Dunlap-Shohl WA, Tabassum N, Zhang P, Shiby E, Beratan DN, Waldeck DH. Electron-donating functional groups strengthen ligand-induced chiral imprinting on CsPbBr 3 quantum dots. Sci Rep 2024; 14:336. [PMID: 38172244 PMCID: PMC10764765 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-50595-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Chiral perovskite nanoparticles and films are promising for integration in emerging spintronic and optoelectronic technologies, yet few design rules exist to guide the development of chiral material properties. The chemical space of potential building blocks for these nanostructures is vast, and the mechanisms through which organic ligands can impart chirality to the inorganic perovskite lattice are not well understood. In this work, we investigate how the properties of chiral ammonium ligands, the most common organic ligand type used with perovskites, affect the circular dichroism of strongly quantum confined CsPbBr3 nanocrystals. We show that aromatic ammonium ligands with stronger electron-donating groups lead to higher-intensity circular dichroism associated with the lowest-energy excitonic transition of the perovskite nanocrystal. We argue that this behavior is best explained by a modulation of the exciton wavefunction overlap between the nanocrystal and the organic ligand, as the functional groups on the ligand can shift electron density toward the organic species-perovskite lattice interface to increase the imprinting.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Nazifa Tabassum
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, 15213, USA
| | - Peng Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, 27708, USA
| | - Elizabeth Shiby
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, 15213, USA
| | - David N Beratan
- Department of Physics, Duke University, Durham, 27705, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, Duke University, Durham, 27710, USA
| | - David H Waldeck
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, 15213, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Strandell D, Dirin D, Zenatti D, Nagpal P, Ghosh A, Raino G, Kovalenko MV, Kambhampati P. Enhancing Multiexcitonic Emission in Metal-Halide Perovskites by Quantum Confinement. ACS NANO 2023; 17:24910-24918. [PMID: 38079478 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c06497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2023]
Abstract
Semiconductor metal halide perovskite nanocrystals have been under intense investigation for their promise in a variety of optoelectronic applications, which arises from their remarkable properties of defect tolerance and efficient light emission. Recently, quantum dot versions of perovskite nanocrystals have been available, enabling investigation of how quantum size effects control optical function and performance in these quantum dots (QD), past their well-known covalent II-VI analogues. We perform time-resolved photoluminescence (t-PL) experiments on CsPbBr3 perovskite nanocrystals spanning in diameter from 5.8 nm strongly confined quantum dots to 18 nm weakly confined quantum dots. Experiments are performed with sufficient time resolution of 3 ps to observe the interaction energies and recombination kinetics from excitons to multiexcitons. Comparing the same sized QD reveals that perovskite QD have a larger radiative rate constant for emission from X than CdSe QD due to a larger oscillator strength. The multiexciton (MX) regime reveals that perovskite QD emit brightly and with more focused bandwidth than equivalent sized CdSe QD enabling more spectrally pure brightness. The MX kinetics reveals that the perovskite QD maintain efficient radiative decay, effectively competing with Auger recombination. These experiments reveal that the strongly confined QD of perovskites can be efficient multiexcitonic emitters, such as in high brightness light emitting diodes, especially in the blue.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dallas Strandell
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, Montreal, H3A 0B8, Canada
| | - Dmitry Dirin
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Davide Zenatti
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, Montreal, H3A 0B8, Canada
| | - Priya Nagpal
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, Montreal, H3A 0B8, Canada
| | - Arnab Ghosh
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, Montreal, H3A 0B8, Canada
| | - Gabriele Raino
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
- Empa - Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, 8600 Dubendorf, Switzerland
| | - Maksym V Kovalenko
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
- Empa - Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, 8600 Dubendorf, Switzerland
| | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Farrow T, Dhawan AR, Marshall AR, Ghorbal A, Son W, Snaith HJ, Smith JM, Taylor RA. Ultranarrow Line Width Room-Temperature Single-Photon Source from Perovskite Quantum Dot Embedded in Optical Microcavity. NANO LETTERS 2023; 23:10667-10673. [PMID: 38016047 PMCID: PMC10722583 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c02058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Abstract
Ultranarrow bandwidth single-photon sources operating at room-temperature are of vital importance for viable optical quantum technologies at scale, including quantum key distribution, cloud-based quantum information processing networks, and quantum metrology. Here we show a room-temperature ultranarrow bandwidth single-photon source generating single-mode photons at a rate of 5 MHz based on an inorganic CsPbI3 perovskite quantum dot embedded in a tunable open-access optical microcavity. When coupled to an optical cavity mode, the quantum dot room-temperature emission becomes single-mode, and the spectrum narrows down to just ∼1 nm. The low numerical aperture of the optical cavities enables efficient collection of high-purity single-mode single-photon emission at room-temperature, offering promising performance for photonic and quantum technology applications. We measure 94% pure single-photon emission in a single-mode under pulsed and continuous-wave (CW) excitation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tristan Farrow
- Department
of Physics, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PU, United Kingdom
| | - Amit R. Dhawan
- Department
of Materials, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PH, United Kingdom
| | - Ashley R. Marshall
- Department
of Physics, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PU, United Kingdom
| | - Alexander Ghorbal
- Department
of Physics, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PU, United Kingdom
| | - Wonmin Son
- Sogang
University, 35 Baekbeom-ro, Mapo-gu, Seoul 04107, South
Korea
| | - Henry J. Snaith
- Department
of Physics, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PU, United Kingdom
| | - Jason M. Smith
- Department
of Materials, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PH, United Kingdom
| | - Robert A. Taylor
- Department
of Physics, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PU, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Nguyen TPT, Tan LZ, Baranov D. Tuning perovskite nanocrystal superlattices for superradiance in the presence of disorder. J Chem Phys 2023; 159:204703. [PMID: 37991161 DOI: 10.1063/5.0167542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The cooperative emission of interacting nanocrystals is an exciting topic fueled by recent reports of superfluorescence and superradiance in assemblies of perovskite nanocubes. Several studies estimated that coherent coupling is localized to a small fraction of nanocrystals (10-7-10-3) within the assembly, raising questions about the origins of localization and ways to overcome it. In this work, we examine single-excitation superradiance by calculating radiative decays and the distribution of superradiant wave function in two-dimensional CsPbBr3 nanocube superlattices. The calculations reveal that the energy disorder caused by size distribution and large interparticle separations reduces radiative coupling and leads to the excitation localization, with the energy disorder being the dominant factor. The single-excitation model clearly predicts that, in the pursuit of cooperative effects, having identical nanocubes in the superlattice is more important than achieving a perfect spatial order. The monolayers of large CsPbBr3 nanocubes (LNC = 10-20 nm) are proposed as model systems for experimental tests of superradiance under conditions of non-negligible size dispersion, while small nanocubes (LNC = 5-10 nm) are preferred for realizing the Dicke state under ideal conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- T P Tan Nguyen
- University Rennes, ENSCR, CNRS, ISCR (Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes)-UMR6226, Rennes, France
| | - Liang Z Tan
- Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Dmitry Baranov
- Division of Chemical Physics, Department of Chemistry, Lund University, P.O. Box, 124, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
D'Amato M, Belzane L, Dabard C, Silly M, Patriarche G, Glorieux Q, Le Jeannic H, Lhuillier E, Bramati A. Highly Photostable Zn-Treated Halide Perovskite Nanocrystals for Efficient Single Photon Generation. NANO LETTERS 2023; 23:10228-10235. [PMID: 37930320 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c02739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
Achieving pure single-photon emission is essential for a range of quantum technologies, from quantum computing to quantum key distribution to quantum metrology. Among solid-state quantum emitters, colloidal lead halide perovskite (LHP) nanocrystals (NCs) have attracted considerable interest due to their structural and optical properties, which make them attractive candidates for single-photon sources (SPSs). However, their practical utilization has been hampered by environment-induced instabilities. In this study, we fabricate and characterize in a systematic manner Zn-treated CsPbBr3 colloidal NCs obtained through Zn2+ ion doping at the Pb-site, demonstrating improved stability under dilution and illumination. The doped NCs exhibit high single-photon purity, reduced blinking on a submillisecond time scale, and stability of the bright state even at excitation powers well above saturation. Our findings highlight the potential of this synthesis approach to optimize the performance of LHP-based SPSs, opening up interesting prospects for their integration into nanophotonic systems for quantum technology applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marianna D'Amato
- Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, ENS-PSL Research University, Collège de France, 4 place Jussieu, 75252 Cedex 05 Paris, France
| | - Lucien Belzane
- Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, ENS-PSL Research University, Collège de France, 4 place Jussieu, 75252 Cedex 05 Paris, France
| | - Corentin Dabard
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Institut des NanoSciences de Paris, 4 place Jussieu, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Mathieu Silly
- Synchrotron-SOLEIL, Saint-Aubin, BP48, F91192 Gif sur Yvette Cedex, France
| | - Gilles Patriarche
- Centre de Nanosciences et de Nanotechnologies, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, 10 Bd Thomas Gobert, Palaiseau 91120, France
| | - Quentin Glorieux
- Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, ENS-PSL Research University, Collège de France, 4 place Jussieu, 75252 Cedex 05 Paris, France
| | - Hanna Le Jeannic
- Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, ENS-PSL Research University, Collège de France, 4 place Jussieu, 75252 Cedex 05 Paris, France
| | - Emmanuel Lhuillier
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Institut des NanoSciences de Paris, 4 place Jussieu, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Alberto Bramati
- Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, ENS-PSL Research University, Collège de France, 4 place Jussieu, 75252 Cedex 05 Paris, France
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Brosseau P, Ghosh A, Seiler H, Strandell D, Kambhampati P. Exciton-polaron interactions in metal halide perovskite nanocrystals revealed via two-dimensional electronic spectroscopy. J Chem Phys 2023; 159:184711. [PMID: 37962451 DOI: 10.1063/5.0173369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Metal halide perovskite nanocrystals have been under intense investigation for their promise in optoelectronic devices due to their remarkable physics, such as liquid/solid duality. This liquid/solid duality may give rise to their defect tolerance and other such useful properties. This duality means that the electronic states are fluctuating in time, on a distribution of timescales from femtoseconds to picoseconds. Hence, these lattice induced energy fluctuations that are connected to polaron formation are also connected to exciton formation and dynamics. We observe these correlations and dynamics in metal halide perovskite nanocrystals of CsPbI3 and CsPbBr3 using two-dimensional electronic (2DE) spectroscopy, with its unique ability to resolve dynamics in heterogeneously broadened systems. The 2DE spectra immediately reveal a previously unobserved excitonic splitting in these 15 nm NCs that may have a coarse excitonic structure. 2D lineshape dynamics reveal a glassy response on the 300 fs timescale due to polaron formation. The lighter Br system shows larger amplitude and faster timescale fluctuations that give rise to dynamic line broadening. The 2DE signals enable 1D transient absorption analysis of exciton cooling dynamics. Exciton cooling within this doublet is shown to take place on a slower timescale than within the excitonic continuum. The energy dissipation rates are the same for the I and Br systems for incoherent exciton cooling but are very different for the coherent dynamics that give rise to line broadening. Exciton cooling is shown to take place on the same timescale as polaron formation, revealing both as coupled many-body excitation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Brosseau
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 0B8, Canada
| | - Arnab Ghosh
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 0B8, Canada
| | - Helene Seiler
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 0B8, Canada
| | - Dallas Strandell
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 0B8, Canada
| | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Yazdani N, Bodnarchuk MI, Bertolotti F, Masciocchi N, Fureraj I, Guzelturk B, Cotts BL, Zajac M, Rainò G, Jansen M, Boehme SC, Yarema M, Lin MF, Kozina M, Reid A, Shen X, Weathersby S, Wang X, Vauthey E, Guagliardi A, Kovalenko MV, Wood V, Lindenberg AM. Coupling to octahedral tilts in halide perovskite nanocrystals induces phonon-mediated attractive interactions between excitons. NATURE PHYSICS 2023; 20:47-53. [PMID: 38261834 PMCID: PMC10791581 DOI: 10.1038/s41567-023-02253-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
Understanding the origin of electron-phonon coupling in lead halide perovskites is key to interpreting and leveraging their optical and electronic properties. Here we show that photoexcitation drives a reduction of the lead-halide-lead bond angles, a result of deformation potential coupling to low-energy optical phonons. We accomplish this by performing femtosecond-resolved, optical-pump-electron-diffraction-probe measurements to quantify the lattice reorganization occurring as a result of photoexcitation in nanocrystals of FAPbBr3. Our results indicate a stronger coupling in FAPbBr3 than CsPbBr3. We attribute the enhanced coupling in FAPbBr3 to its disordered crystal structure, which persists down to cryogenic temperatures. We find the reorganizations induced by each exciton in a multi-excitonic state constructively interfere, giving rise to a coupling strength that scales quadratically with the exciton number. This superlinear scaling induces phonon-mediated attractive interactions between excitations in lead halide perovskites.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nuri Yazdani
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA USA
- Stanford Institute for Materials and Energy Sciences, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA USA
- Department of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Maryna I. Bodnarchuk
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
- Empa-Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Federica Bertolotti
- Dipartimento di Scienza e Alta Tecnologia & To.Sca.Lab, Università dell’Insubria, Como, Italy
| | - Norberto Masciocchi
- Dipartimento di Scienza e Alta Tecnologia & To.Sca.Lab, Università dell’Insubria, Como, Italy
| | - Ina Fureraj
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Burak Guzelturk
- X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL USA
| | - Benjamin L. Cotts
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA USA
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Middlebury College, Middlebury, VT USA
| | - Marc Zajac
- X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL USA
| | - Gabriele Rainò
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
- Empa-Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Maximilian Jansen
- Department of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Simon C. Boehme
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
- Empa-Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Maksym Yarema
- Chemistry and Materials Design Group, Department of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Ming-Fu Lin
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA USA
| | - Michael Kozina
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA USA
| | - Alexander Reid
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA USA
| | - Xiaozhe Shen
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA USA
| | | | - Xijie Wang
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA USA
| | - Eric Vauthey
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Antonietta Guagliardi
- Istituto di Cristallografia & To.Sca.Lab, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Como, Italy
| | - Maksym V. Kovalenko
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
- Empa-Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Vanessa Wood
- Department of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Aaron M. Lindenberg
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA USA
- Stanford Institute for Materials and Energy Sciences, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA USA
- Stanford PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA USA
- Department of Photon Science, Stanford University and SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA USA
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Conradt F, Bezold V, Wiechert V, Huber S, Mecking S, Leitenstorfer A, Tenne R. Electric-Field Fluctuations as the Cause of Spectral Instabilities in Colloidal Quantum Dots. NANO LETTERS 2023; 23:9753-9759. [PMID: 37871158 PMCID: PMC10636921 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c02318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Revised: 10/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023]
Abstract
Spectral diffusion (SD) represents a substantial obstacle toward implementation of solid-state quantum emitters as a source of indistinguishable photons. By performing high-resolution emission spectroscopy for individual colloidal quantum dots at cryogenic temperatures, we prove the causal link between the quantum-confined Stark effect and SD. Statistically analyzing the wavelength of emitted photons, we show that increasing the sensitivity of the transition energy to an applied electric field results in amplified spectral fluctuations. This relation is quantitatively fit to a straightforward model, indicating the presence of a stochastic electric field on a microscopic scale, whose standard deviation is 9 kV/cm, on average. The current method will enable the study of SD in multiple types of quantum emitters such as solid-state defects or organic lead halide perovskite quantum dots, for which spectral instability is a critical barrier for applications in quantum sensing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Frieder Conradt
- Department
of Physics and Center for Applied Photonics, University of Konstanz, D-78457 Konstanz, Germany
| | - Vincent Bezold
- Department
of Physics and Center for Applied Photonics, University of Konstanz, D-78457 Konstanz, Germany
| | - Volker Wiechert
- Department
of Physics and Center for Applied Photonics, University of Konstanz, D-78457 Konstanz, Germany
| | - Steffen Huber
- Chair
of Chemical Materials Science, Department of Chemistry, University of Konstanz, D-78457 Konstanz, Germany
| | - Stefan Mecking
- Chair
of Chemical Materials Science, Department of Chemistry, University of Konstanz, D-78457 Konstanz, Germany
| | - Alfred Leitenstorfer
- Department
of Physics and Center for Applied Photonics, University of Konstanz, D-78457 Konstanz, Germany
| | - Ron Tenne
- Department
of Physics and Center for Applied Photonics, University of Konstanz, D-78457 Konstanz, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Akrami F, Jiang F, Giridharagopal R, Ginger DS. Kinetic Suppression of Photoinduced Halide Migration in Wide Bandgap Perovskites via Surface Passivation. J Phys Chem Lett 2023; 14:9310-9315. [PMID: 37818819 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.3c02570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
In this work, we study the kinetics of photoinduced halide migration in FA0.8Cs0.2Pb(I0.8Br0.2)3 wide (∼1.69 eV) bandgap perovskites and show that halide migration slows down following surface passivation with (3-aminopropyl) trimethoxysilane (APTMS). We use scanning Kelvin probe microscopy (SKPM) to probe the contact potential difference (CPD) shift under illumination and the kinetics of surface potential relaxation in the dark. Our results show that APTMS-passivated perovskites exhibit a smaller CPD shift under illumination and a slower surface potential relaxation in the dark. We compare the evolution of the photoluminescence spectra of APTMS-passivated and unpassivated perovskites under illumination. We find that APTMS-passivated perovskites exhibit more than 5 times slower photoluminescence red-shift, consistent with the slower surface potential relaxation as observed by SKPM. These observations provide evidence for kinetic suppression of photoinduced halide migration in APTMS-passivated samples, likely due to reduced halide vacancy densities, opening avenues to more efficient and stable devices.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Farhad Akrami
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Fangyuan Jiang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Rajiv Giridharagopal
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - David S Ginger
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
- Physical Sciences Division, Physical and Computational Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Cherrette VL, Babbe F, Cooper JK, Zhang JZ. Octahedral Distortions Generate a Thermally Activated Phonon-Assisted Radiative Recombination Pathway in Cubic CsPbBr 3 Perovskite Quantum Dots. J Phys Chem Lett 2023; 14:8717-8725. [PMID: 37737107 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.3c02568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/23/2023]
Abstract
Exciton-phonon interactions elucidate structure-function relationships that aid in the control of color purity and carrier diffusion, which is necessary for the performance-driven design of solid-state optical emitters. Temperature-dependent steady-state photoluminescence (PL) and time-resolved PL (TRPL) reveal that thermally activated exciton-phonon interactions originate from structural distortions related to vibrations in cubic CsPbBr3 perovskite quantum dots (PQDs) at room temperature. Exciton-phonon interactions cause performance-degrading PL line width broadening and slower electron-hole recombination. Structural distortions in cubic PQDs at room temperature exist as the bending and stretching of the PbBr6 octahedra subunit. The PbBr6 octahedral distortions cause symmetry breaking, resulting in thermally activated longitudinal optical (LO) phonon coupling to the photoexcited electron-hole pair that manifests as inhomogeneous PL line width broadening. At cryogenic temperatures, the line width broadening is minimized due to a decrease in phonon-assisted recombination through shallow traps. A fundamental understanding of these intrinsic exciton-phonon interactions gives insight into the polymorphic nature of the cubic phase and the origins of performance degradation in PQD optical emitters.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vivien L Cherrette
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Cruz, California 95064, United States
| | - Finn Babbe
- Chemical Science Division, Liquid Sunlight Alliance (LiSA), Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Jason K Cooper
- Chemical Science Division, Liquid Sunlight Alliance (LiSA), Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Jin Z Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Cruz, California 95064, United States
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Wang L, Wang H, Nughays R, Ogieglo W, Yin J, Gutiérrez-Arzaluz L, Zhang X, Wang JX, Pinnau I, Bakr OM, Mohammed OF. Phonon-driven transient bandgap renormalization in perovskite single crystals. MATERIALS HORIZONS 2023; 10:4192-4201. [PMID: 37431707 DOI: 10.1039/d3mh00570d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/12/2023]
Abstract
Tailoring the electronic structure of perovskite materials on ultrafast timescales is expected to shed light on optimizing optoelectronic applications. However, the transient bandgap renormalization observed upon photoexcitation is commonly explained by many-body interactions of optically created electrons and holes, which shrink the original bandgap by a few tens of millielectronvolts with a sub-picosecond time constant, while the accompanying phonon-induced effect remains hitherto unexplored. Here we unravel a significant contribution of hot phonons in the photo-induced transient bandgap renormalization in MAPbBr3 single crystals, as evidenced by asymmetric spectral evolutions and transient reflection spectral shifts in the picosecond timescale. Moreover, we performed a spatiotemporal study upon optical excitation with time-resolved scanning electron microscopy and identified that the surface charge carrier diffusion and transient bandgap renormalization are strongly correlated in time. These findings highlight the need to re-evaluate current theories on photo-induced bandgap renormalization and provide a new approach for precisely controlling the optical and electronic properties of perovskite materials, enabling the design and fabrication of high-performance optoelectronic devices with exceptional efficiency and unique properties.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lijie Wang
- Advanced Membranes and Porous Materials Centre (AMPM), Division of Physical Science and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
| | - Hong Wang
- Advanced Membranes and Porous Materials Centre (AMPM), Division of Physical Science and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
- KAUST Catalysis Centre, Division of Physical Sciences and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Razan Nughays
- Advanced Membranes and Porous Materials Centre (AMPM), Division of Physical Science and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
| | - Wojciech Ogieglo
- Advanced Membranes and Porous Materials Centre (AMPM), Division of Physical Science and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
| | - Jun Yin
- Department of Applied Physics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon 999077, Hong Kong, P. R. China
| | - Luis Gutiérrez-Arzaluz
- Advanced Membranes and Porous Materials Centre (AMPM), Division of Physical Science and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
- KAUST Catalysis Centre, Division of Physical Sciences and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Xinyuan Zhang
- KAUST Catalysis Centre, Division of Physical Sciences and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Jian-Xin Wang
- Advanced Membranes and Porous Materials Centre (AMPM), Division of Physical Science and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
| | - Ingo Pinnau
- Advanced Membranes and Porous Materials Centre (AMPM), Division of Physical Science and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
| | - Osman M Bakr
- KAUST Catalysis Centre, Division of Physical Sciences and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Omar F Mohammed
- Advanced Membranes and Porous Materials Centre (AMPM), Division of Physical Science and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
- KAUST Catalysis Centre, Division of Physical Sciences and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Zhu H, Kick M, Ginterseder M, Krajewska CJ, Šverko T, Li R, Lu Y, Shih MC, Van Voorhis T, Bawendi MG. Synthesis of Zwitterionic CsPbBr 3 Nanocrystals with Controlled Anisotropy using Surface-Selective Ligand Pairs. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2304069. [PMID: 37485908 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202304069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Revised: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
Mechanistic studies of the morphology of lead halide perovskite nanocrystals (LHP-NCs) are hampered by a lack of generalizable suitable synthetic strategies and ligand systems. Here, the synthesis of zwitterionic CsPbBr3 NCs is presented with controlled anisotropy using a proposed "surface-selective ligand pairs" strategy. Such a strategy provides a platform to systematically study the binding affinity of capping ligand pairs and the resulting LHP morphologies. By using zwitterionic ligands (ZwL) with varying structures, majority ZwL-capped LHP NCs with controlled morphology are obtained, including anisotropic nanoplatelets and nanorods, for the first time. Combining experiments with density functional theory calculations, factors that govern the ligand binding on the different surface facets of LHP-NCs are revealed, including the steric bulkiness of the ligand, the number of binding sites, and the charge distance between binding moieties. This study provides guidance for the further exploration of anisotropic LHP-NCs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hua Zhu
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Matthias Kick
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Matthias Ginterseder
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Chantalle J Krajewska
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Tara Šverko
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Ruipeng Li
- National Synchrotron Light Source II, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, 11973, USA
| | - Yongli Lu
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Meng-Chen Shih
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Troy Van Voorhis
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Moungi G Bawendi
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Li Y, Wu K. Stable and pure single-photons from greener quantum dots. NATURE NANOTECHNOLOGY 2023; 18:968-969. [PMID: 37386142 DOI: 10.1038/s41565-023-01428-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuxuan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, Liaoning, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Kaifeng Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, Liaoning, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Proppe AH, Berkinsky DB, Zhu H, Šverko T, Kaplan AEK, Horowitz JR, Kim T, Chung H, Jun S, Bawendi MG. Highly stable and pure single-photon emission with 250 ps optical coherence times in InP colloidal quantum dots. NATURE NANOTECHNOLOGY 2023; 18:993-999. [PMID: 37386140 DOI: 10.1038/s41565-023-01432-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023]
Abstract
Quantum photonic technologies such as quantum communication, sensing or computation require efficient, stable and pure single-photon sources. Epitaxial quantum dots (QDs) have been made capable of on-demand photon generation with high purity, indistinguishability and brightness, although they require precise fabrication and face challenges in scalability. By contrast, colloidal QDs are batch synthesized in solution but typically have broader linewidths, low single-photon purities and unstable emission. Here we demonstrate spectrally stable, pure and narrow-linewidth single-photon emission from InP/ZnSe/ZnS colloidal QDs. Using photon correlation Fourier spectroscopy, we observe single-dot linewidths as narrow as ~5 µeV at 4 K, giving a lower-bounded optical coherence time, T2, of ~250 ps. These dots exhibit minimal spectral diffusion on timescales of microseconds to minutes, and narrow linewidths are maintained on timescales up to 50 ms, orders of magnitude longer than other colloidal systems. Moreover, these InP/ZnSe/ZnS dots have single-photon purities g(2)(τ = 0) of 0.077-0.086 in the absence of spectral filtering. This work demonstrates the potential of heavy-metal-free InP-based QDs as spectrally stable sources of single photons.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew H Proppe
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - David B Berkinsky
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Hua Zhu
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Tara Šverko
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Alexander E K Kaplan
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Jonah R Horowitz
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Taehyung Kim
- Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology, Samsung Electronics, Suwon-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Heejae Chung
- Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology, Samsung Electronics, Suwon-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Shinae Jun
- Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology, Samsung Electronics, Suwon-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Moungi G Bawendi
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Grisard S, Trifonov AV, Solovev IA, Yakovlev DR, Hordiichuk O, Kovalenko MV, Bayer M, Akimov IA. Long-Lived Exciton Coherence in Mixed-Halide Perovskite Crystals. NANO LETTERS 2023; 23:7397-7403. [PMID: 37548595 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c01817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
Compositional engineering of the optical properties of hybrid organic-inorganic lead halide perovskites is crucial for the realization of efficient solar cells and light-emitting devices. We study the effect of band gap fluctuations on coherent exciton dynamics in a mixed FA0.9Cs0.1PbI2.8Br0.2 perovskite crystal by using photon echo spectroscopy. We reveal a narrow homogeneous exciton line width of 16 μeV at a temperature of 1.5 K. The corresponding exciton coherence time T2 = 83 ps is exceptionally long due to the localization of excitons at the scale of tens to hundreds of nanometers. From spectral and temperature dependences of the two- and three-pulse photon echo decay, we conclude that for low-energy excitons pure decoherence associated with elastic scattering on phonons is comparable with the exciton lifetime, while for excitons with higher energies, inelastic scattering to lower energy states via phonon emission dominates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Grisard
- Experimentelle Physik 2, Technische Universität Dortmund, Dortmund 44221, Germany
| | - Artur V Trifonov
- Experimentelle Physik 2, Technische Universität Dortmund, Dortmund 44221, Germany
| | - Ivan A Solovev
- Experimentelle Physik 2, Technische Universität Dortmund, Dortmund 44221, Germany
- Institute of Physics, University of Oldenburg, Carl von Ossietzky Strasse 9-11, Oldenburg 26129, Germany
| | - Dmitri R Yakovlev
- Experimentelle Physik 2, Technische Universität Dortmund, Dortmund 44221, Germany
| | - Oleh Hordiichuk
- Laboratory of Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, Zürich CH-8093, Switzerland
- Laboratory for Thin Films and Photovoltaics, Empa-Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Dübendorf CH-8600, Switzerland
| | - Maksym V Kovalenko
- Laboratory of Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, Zürich CH-8093, Switzerland
- Laboratory for Thin Films and Photovoltaics, Empa-Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Dübendorf CH-8600, Switzerland
| | - Manfred Bayer
- Experimentelle Physik 2, Technische Universität Dortmund, Dortmund 44221, Germany
| | - Ilya A Akimov
- Experimentelle Physik 2, Technische Universität Dortmund, Dortmund 44221, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Dehnel J, Harchol A, Barak Y, Meir I, Horani F, Shapiro A, Strassberg R, de Mello Donegá C, Demir HV, Gamelin DR, Sharma K, Lifshitz E. Optically detected magnetic resonance spectroscopic analyses on the role of magnetic ions in colloidal nanocrystals. J Chem Phys 2023; 159:071001. [PMID: 37581419 DOI: 10.1063/5.0160787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Incorporating magnetic ions into semiconductor nanocrystals has emerged as a prominent research field for manipulating spin-related properties. The magnetic ions within the host semiconductor experience spin-exchange interactions with photogenerated carriers and are often involved in the recombination routes, stimulating special magneto-optical effects. The current account presents a comparative study, emphasizing the impact of engineering nanostructures and selecting magnetic ions in shaping carrier-magnetic ion interactions. Various host materials, including the II-VI group, halide perovskites, and I-III-VI2 in diverse structural configurations such as core/shell quantum dots, seeded nanorods, and nanoplatelets, incorporated with magnetic ions such as Mn2+, Ni2+, and Cu1+/2+ are highlighted. These materials have recently been investigated by us using state-of-the-art steady-state and transient optically detected magnetic resonance (ODMR) spectroscopy to explore individual spin-dynamics between the photogenerated carriers and magnetic ions and their dependence on morphology, location, crystal composition, and type of the magnetic ion. The information extracted from the analyses of the ODMR spectra in those studies exposes fundamental physical parameters, such as g-factors, exchange coupling constants, and hyperfine interactions, together providing insights into the nature of the carrier (electron, hole, dopant), its local surroundings (isotropic/anisotropic), and spin dynamics. The findings illuminate the importance of ODMR spectroscopy in advancing our understanding of the role of magnetic ions in semiconductor nanocrystals and offer valuable knowledge for designing magnetic materials intended for various spin-related technologies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Dehnel
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry, Solid State Institute, Russell Berrie Nanotechnology Institute, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel
| | - Adi Harchol
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry, Solid State Institute, Russell Berrie Nanotechnology Institute, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel
| | - Yahel Barak
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry, Solid State Institute, Russell Berrie Nanotechnology Institute, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel
| | - Itay Meir
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry, Solid State Institute, Russell Berrie Nanotechnology Institute, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel
| | - Faris Horani
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry, Solid State Institute, Russell Berrie Nanotechnology Institute, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195-1700, USA
| | - Arthur Shapiro
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry, Solid State Institute, Russell Berrie Nanotechnology Institute, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel
- Optical Materials Engineering Laboratory, Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH Zurich, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Rotem Strassberg
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry, Solid State Institute, Russell Berrie Nanotechnology Institute, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel
| | - Celso de Mello Donegá
- Condensed Matter and Interfaces, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht University, 3584 CC Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Hilmi Volkan Demir
- Luminous Center of Excellence for Semiconductor Lighting and Displays, TPI, School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University-NTU Singapore, 639798, Singapore
- Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Department of Physics, UNAM-Institute of Materials Science and Nanotechnology, Bilkent University, Ankara 06800, Türkiye
| | - Daniel R Gamelin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195-1700, USA
| | - Kusha Sharma
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry, Solid State Institute, Russell Berrie Nanotechnology Institute, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel
| | - Efrat Lifshitz
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry, Solid State Institute, Russell Berrie Nanotechnology Institute, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Baronnier J, Mahler B, Dujardin C, Houel J. Low-Temperature Emission Dynamics of Methylammonium Lead Bromide Hybrid Perovskite Thin Films at the Sub-Micrometer Scale. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:2376. [PMID: 37630961 PMCID: PMC10458237 DOI: 10.3390/nano13162376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
We study the low-temperature (T = 4.7 K) emission dynamics of a thin film of methylammonium lead bromide (MAPbBr3), prepared via the anti-solvent method. Using intensity-dependent (over 5 decades) hyperspectral microscopy under quasi-resonant (532 nm) continuous wave excitation, we revealed spatial inhomogeneities in the thin film emission. This was drastically different at the band-edge (∼550 nm, sharp peaks) than in the emission tail (∼568 nm, continuum of emission). We are able to observe regions of the film at the micrometer scale where emission is dominated by excitons, in between regions of trap emission. Varying the density of absorbed photons by the MAPbBr3 thin films, two-color fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy unraveled the emission dynamics: a fast, resolution-limited (∼200 ps) monoexponential tangled with a stretched exponential decay. We associate the first to the relaxation of excitons and the latter to trap emission dynamics. The obtained stretching exponents can be interpreted as the result of a two-dimensional electron diffusion process: Förster resonant transfer mechanism. Furthermore, the non-vanishing fast monoexponential component even in the tail of the MAPbBr3 emission indicates the subsistence of localized excitons. Finally, we estimate the density of traps in MAPbBr3 thin films prepared using the anti-solvent method at n∼1017 cm-3.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Justine Baronnier
- Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Institut Lumière-Matière UMR5306 CNRS, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Benoit Mahler
- Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Institut Lumière-Matière UMR5306 CNRS, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Christophe Dujardin
- Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Institut Lumière-Matière UMR5306 CNRS, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France
- Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Julien Houel
- Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Institut Lumière-Matière UMR5306 CNRS, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France
| |
Collapse
|