1
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Mallem SPR, Puneetha P, Lee DY, An SJ. Strain-Modulated Flexible Bio-Organic/Graphene/PET Sensors Based on DNA-Curcumin Biopolymer. Biomolecules 2024; 14:698. [PMID: 38927101 PMCID: PMC11201641 DOI: 10.3390/biom14060698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2024] [Revised: 06/12/2024] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
In recent years, there has been growing interest in the development of metal-free, environmentally friendly, and cost-effective biopolymer-based piezoelectric strain sensors (bio-PSSs) for flexible applications. In this study, we have developed a bio-PSS based on pure deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and curcumin materials in a thin-film form and studied its strain-induced current-voltage characteristics based on piezoelectric phenomena. The bio-PSS exhibited flexibility under varying compressive and tensile loads. Notably, the sensor achieved a strain gauge factor of 407 at an applied compressive strain of -0.027%, which is 8.67 times greater than that of traditional metal strain gauges. Furthermore, the flexible bio-PSS demonstrated a rapid response under a compressive strain of -0.08%. Our findings suggest that the proposed flexible bio-PSS holds significant promise as a motion sensor, addressing the demand for environmentally safe, wearable, and flexible strain sensor applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siva Pratap Reddy Mallem
- Advanced Material Research Center, Kumoh National Institute of Technology, Gumi 39177, Republic of Korea;
| | - Peddathimula Puneetha
- Department of Robotics and Intelligent Machine Engineering, College of Mechanical and IT Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Republic of Korea;
| | - Dong Yeon Lee
- Department of Robotics and Intelligent Machine Engineering, College of Mechanical and IT Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Republic of Korea;
| | - Sung Jin An
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Kumoh National Institute of Technology, Gumi 39177, Republic of Korea
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2
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Huang Y, Chen T, Chen X, Chen X, Zhang J, Liu S, Lu M, Chen C, Ding X, Yang C, Huang R, Song Y. Decoding Biomechanical Cues Based on DNA Sensors. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2310330. [PMID: 38185740 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202310330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
Biological systems perceive and respond to mechanical forces, generating mechanical cues to regulate life processes. Analyzing biomechanical forces has profound significance for understanding biological functions. Therefore, a series of molecular mechanical techniques have been developed, mainly including single-molecule force spectroscopy, traction force microscopy, and molecular tension sensor systems, which provide indispensable tools for advancing the field of mechanobiology. DNA molecules with a programmable structure and well-defined mechanical characteristics have attached much attention to molecular tension sensors as sensing elements, and are designed for the study of biomechanical forces to present biomechanical information with high sensitivity and resolution. In this work, a comprehensive overview of molecular mechanical technology is presented, with a particular focus on molecular tension sensor systems, specifically those based on DNA. Finally, the future development and challenges of DNA-based molecular tension sensor systems are looked upon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yihao Huang
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis and Instrumentation, the Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Department of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361005, China
| | - Ting Chen
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis and Instrumentation, the Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Department of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361005, China
| | - Xiaodie Chen
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis and Instrumentation, the Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Department of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361005, China
| | - Ximing Chen
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis and Instrumentation, the Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Department of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361005, China
| | - Jialu Zhang
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis and Instrumentation, the Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Department of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361005, China
| | - Sinong Liu
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis and Instrumentation, the Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Department of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361005, China
| | - Menghao Lu
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis and Instrumentation, the Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Department of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361005, China
| | - Chong Chen
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis and Instrumentation, the Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Department of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361005, China
| | - Xiangyu Ding
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis and Instrumentation, the Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Department of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361005, China
| | - Chaoyong Yang
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis and Instrumentation, the Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Department of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361005, China
- Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Ruiyun Huang
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis and Instrumentation, the Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Department of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361005, China
| | - Yanling Song
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis and Instrumentation, the Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Department of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361005, China
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3
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Kellner AV, Hunter R, Do P, Eggert J, Jaffe M, Geitgey DK, Lee M, Hamilton JAG, Ross AJ, Ank RS, Bender RL, Ma R, Porter CC, Dreaden EC, Au-Yeung BB, Haynes KA, Henry CJ, Salaita K. The T-cell niche tunes immune function through modulation of the cytoskeleton and TCR-antigen forces. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.01.31.578101. [PMID: 38352441 PMCID: PMC10862838 DOI: 10.1101/2024.01.31.578101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/19/2024]
Abstract
Obesity is a major public health crisis given its rampant growth and association with an increased risk for cancer. Interestingly, patients with obesity tend to have an increased tumor burden and decreased T-cell function. It remains unclear how obesity compromises T-cell mediated immunity. To address this question, we modeled the adipocyte niche using the secretome released from adipocytes as well as the niche of stromal cells and investigated how these factors modulated T-cell function. We found that the secretomes altered antigen-specific T-cell receptor (TCR) triggering and activation. RNA-sequencing analysis identified thousands of gene targets modulated by the secretome including those associated with cytoskeletal regulation and actin polymerization. We next used molecular force probes to show that T-cells exposed to the adipocyte niche display dampened force transmission to the TCR-antigen complex and conversely, stromal cell secreted factors lead to significantly enhanced TCR forces. These results were then validated in diet-induced obese mice. Importantly, secretome-mediated TCR force modulation mirrored the changes in T-cell functional responses in human T-cells using the FDA-approved immunotherapy, blinatumomab. Thus, this work shows that the adipocyte niche contributes to T-cell dysfunction through cytoskeletal modulation and reduces TCR triggering by dampening TCR forces consistent with the mechanosensor model of T-cell activation.
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4
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Velusamy A, Sharma R, Rashid SA, Ogasawara H, Salaita K. DNA mechanocapsules for programmable piconewton responsive drug delivery. Nat Commun 2024; 15:704. [PMID: 38267454 PMCID: PMC10808132 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-44061-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2024] Open
Abstract
The mechanical dysregulation of cells is associated with a number of disease states, that spans from fibrosis to tumorigenesis. Hence, it is highly desirable to develop strategies to deliver drugs based on the "mechanical phenotype" of a cell. To achieve this goal, we report the development of DNA mechanocapsules (DMC) comprised of DNA tetrahedrons that are force responsive. Modeling shows the trajectory of force-induced DMC rupture and predicts how applied force spatial position and orientation tunes the force-response threshold. DMCs functionalized with adhesion ligands mechanically denature in vitro as a result of cell receptor forces. DMCs are designed to encapsulate macromolecular cargos such as dextran and oligonucleotide drugs with minimal cargo leakage and high nuclease resistance. Force-induced release and uptake of DMC cargo is validated using flow cytometry. Finally, we demonstrate force-induced mRNA knockdown of HIF-1α in a manner that is dependent on the magnitude of cellular traction forces. These results show that DMCs can be effectively used to target biophysical phenotypes which may find useful applications in immunology and cancer biology.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Radhika Sharma
- Department of Chemistry, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | | | | | - Khalid Salaita
- Department of Chemistry, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.
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5
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Kramm K, Schröder T, Vera AM, Grabenhorst L, Tinnefeld P, Grohmann D. DNA Origami-Based Single-Molecule Force Spectroscopy and Applications. Methods Mol Biol 2024; 2694:479-507. [PMID: 37824019 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3377-9_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
Over the last years, single-molecule force spectroscopy provided insights into the intricate connection between mechanical stimuli and biochemical signaling. The underlying molecular mechanisms were uncovered and explored using techniques such as atomic force microscopy and force spectroscopy using optical or magnetic tweezers. These experimental approaches are limited by thermal noise resulting from a physical connection of the studied biological system to the macroscopic world. To overcome this limitation, we recently introduced the DNA origami force clamp (FC) which is a freely diffusing nanodevice that generates piconewton forces on a DNA sequence of interest. Binding of a protein to the DNA under tension can be detected employing fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) as a sensitive readout.This protocol introduces the reader to the working principles of the FC and provides instructions to design and generate a DNA origami FC customized for a protein of interest. Molecular cloning techniques are employed to modify, produce, and purify a custom DNA scaffold. A fluorescently labeled DNA suitable to detect protein binding via FRET is generated via enzymatic ligation of commercial DNA oligonucleotides. After thermal annealing of all components, the DNA origami FC is purified using agarose gel electrophoresis. The final section covers the interrogation of the FC using confocal single-molecule FRET measurements and subsequent data analysis to quantify the binding of a DNA-binding protein to its cognate recognition site under a range of forces. Using this approach, force-dependent DNA-protein interactions can be studied on the single-molecule level on thousands of molecules in a parallelized fashion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Kramm
- University of Regensburg, Department of Microbiology and Archaea Centre, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Tim Schröder
- Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Department of Chemistry and Center for NanoScience (CeNS), Munich, Germany
| | - Andrés Manuel Vera
- Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Department of Chemistry and Center for NanoScience (CeNS), Munich, Germany
| | - Lennart Grabenhorst
- Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Department of Chemistry and Center for NanoScience (CeNS), Munich, Germany
| | - Philip Tinnefeld
- Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Department of Chemistry and Center for NanoScience (CeNS), Munich, Germany
| | - Dina Grohmann
- University of Regensburg, Department of Microbiology and Archaea Centre, Regensburg, Germany.
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6
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Zhang YW, Li S, Wang SM, Li XQ, Cui MR, Kang B, Chen HY, Xu JJ. An intelligent DNA nanomachine for amplified MicroRNA imaging and MicroRNA-Guided efficient gene silencing. Talanta 2023; 265:124820. [PMID: 37331040 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2023.124820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023]
Abstract
The DNA nanomachines as excellent synthetic biological tools have been widely used for the sensitive detection of intracellular microRNA (miRNA) and DNAzyme-involved gene silencing. However, intelligent DNA nanomachines which have the ability to sense intracellular specific biomolecules and respond to external information in complex environments still remain challenging. Herein, we develop a miRNA-responsive DNAzyme cascaded catalytic (MDCC) nanomachine to perform multilayer cascade reactions, enabling the amplified intracellular miRNA imaging and miRNA-guided efficient gene silencing. The intelligent MDCC nanomachine is designed based on multiple DNAzyme subunit-encoded catalyzed hairpin assembly (CHA) reactants sustained by the pH-responsive Zeolitic imidazolate framework-8 (ZIF-8) nanoparticles. After cellular uptake, the MDCC nanomachine degrades in acidic endosome and releases three hairpin DNA reactants and Zn2+, and the latter can act as an effective cofactor for DNAzyme. In the presence of miRNA-21, a catalytic hairpin assembly (CHA) reaction is triggered, which produces a large number of Y-shaped fluorescent DNA constructs containing three DNAzyme modules for gene silencing. The construction of Y-shaped DNA modified with multisite fluorescence and the circular reaction realizes ultrasensitive miRNA-21 imaging of cancer cells. Moreover, miRNA-guided gene silencing inhibits the cancer cell proliferation through the DNAzyme-specific recognition and cleavage of target EGR-1 (Early Growth Response-1) mRNA, which is one key tumor-involved mRNA. The strategy may provide a promising platform for highly sensitive determination of biomolecules and accurate gene therapy of cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Wen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, PR China
| | - Shan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, PR China
| | - Shu-Min Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, PR China
| | - Xiao-Qiong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, PR China
| | - Mei-Rong Cui
- State Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biosensors, Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, 210023, PR China.
| | - Bin Kang
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, PR China
| | - Hong-Yuan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, PR China
| | - Jing-Juan Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, PR China.
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7
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Förste S, Vonshak O, Daube SS, Bar-Ziv RH, Lipowsky R, Rudorf S. Computational analysis of protein synthesis, diffusion, and binding in compartmental biochips. Microb Cell Fact 2023; 22:244. [PMID: 38037098 PMCID: PMC10688499 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-023-02237-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Protein complex assembly facilitates the combination of individual protein subunits into functional entities, and thus plays a crucial role in biology and biotechnology. Recently, we developed quasi-twodimensional, silicon-based compartmental biochips that are designed to study and administer the synthesis and assembly of protein complexes. At these biochips, individual protein subunits are synthesized from locally confined high-density DNA brushes and are captured on the chip surface by molecular traps. Here, we investigate single-gene versions of our quasi-twodimensional synthesis systems and introduce the trap-binding efficiency to characterize their performance. We show by mathematical and computational modeling how a finite trap density determines the dynamics of protein-trap binding and identify three distinct regimes of the trap-binding efficiency. We systematically study how protein-trap binding is governed by the system's three key parameters, which are the synthesis rate, the diffusion constant and the trap-binding affinity of the expressed protein. In addition, we describe how spatially differential patterns of traps modulate the protein-trap binding dynamics. In this way, we extend the theoretical knowledge base for synthesis, diffusion, and binding in compartmental systems, which helps to achieve better control of directed molecular self-assembly required for the fabrication of nanomachines for synthetic biology applications or nanotechnological purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie Förste
- Theory and Bio-Systems, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, 14476, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Ohad Vonshak
- Department of Chemical and Biological Physics, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 7610001, Israel
| | - Shirley S Daube
- Department of Chemical and Biological Physics, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 7610001, Israel
| | - Roy H Bar-Ziv
- Department of Chemical and Biological Physics, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 7610001, Israel
| | - Reinhard Lipowsky
- Theory and Bio-Systems, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, 14476, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Sophia Rudorf
- Institute of Cell Biology and Biophysics, Leibniz University Hannover, 30419, Hannover, Germany.
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8
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Wang W, Chen W, Wu C, Zhang C, Feng J, Liu P, Hu Y, Li H, Sun F, Jiang K, Zhang X, Liu Z. Hydrogel-based molecular tension fluorescence microscopy for investigating receptor-mediated rigidity sensing. Nat Methods 2023; 20:1780-1789. [PMID: 37798478 DOI: 10.1038/s41592-023-02037-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular matrix (ECM) rigidity serves as a crucial mechanical cue impacting diverse biological processes. However, understanding the molecular mechanisms of rigidity sensing has been limited by the spatial resolution and force sensitivity of current cellular force measurement techniques. Here we developed a method to functionalize DNA tension probes on soft hydrogel surfaces in a controllable and reliable manner, enabling molecular tension fluorescence microscopy for rigidity sensing studies. Our findings showed that fibroblasts respond to substrate rigidity by recruiting more force-bearing integrins and modulating integrin sampling frequency of the ECM, rather than simply overloading the existing integrin-ligand bonds, to promote focal adhesion maturation. We also demonstrated that ECM rigidity positively regulates the pN force of T cell receptor-ligand bond and T cell receptor mechanical sampling frequency, promoting T cell activation. Thus, hydrogel-based molecular tension fluorescence microscopy implemented on a standard confocal microscope provides a simple and effective means to explore detailed molecular force information for rigidity-dependent biological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenxu Wang
- TaiKang Center for Life and Medical Sciences, the Institute for Advanced Studies, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Wei Chen
- TaiKang Center for Life and Medical Sciences, the Institute for Advanced Studies, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Chaoyang Wu
- TaiKang Center for Life and Medical Sciences, the Institute for Advanced Studies, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Chen Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jingjing Feng
- TaiKang Center for Life and Medical Sciences, the Institute for Advanced Studies, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Pengxiang Liu
- TaiKang Center for Life and Medical Sciences, the Institute for Advanced Studies, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yuru Hu
- TaiKang Center for Life and Medical Sciences, the Institute for Advanced Studies, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Hongyun Li
- TaiKang Center for Life and Medical Sciences, the Institute for Advanced Studies, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Feng Sun
- TaiKang Center for Life and Medical Sciences, the Institute for Advanced Studies, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Kai Jiang
- Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Medical Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xinghua Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zheng Liu
- TaiKang Center for Life and Medical Sciences, the Institute for Advanced Studies, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.
- College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.
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9
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Chen Y, Zhu F, Leng J, Ying T, Jiang JW, Zhou Q, Chang T, Guo W, Gao H. Fluctuotaxis: Nanoscale directional motion away from regions of fluctuation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2220500120. [PMID: 37487105 PMCID: PMC10401016 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2220500120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Regulating the motion of nanoscale objects on a solid surface is vital for a broad range of technologies such as nanotechnology, biotechnology, and mechanotechnology. In spite of impressive advances achieved in the field, there is still a lack of a robust mechanism which can operate under a wide range of situations and in a controllable manner. Here, we report a mechanism capable of controllably driving directed motion of any nanoobjects (e.g., nanoparticles, biomolecules, etc.) in both solid and liquid forms. We show via molecular dynamics simulations that a nanoobject would move preferentially away from the fluctuating region of an underlying substrate, a phenomenon termed fluctuotaxis-for which the driving force originates from the difference in atomic fluctuations of the substrate behind and ahead of the object. In particular, we find that the driving force can depend quadratically on both the amplitude and frequency of the substrate and can thus be tuned flexibly. The proposed driving mechanism provides a robust and controllable way for nanoscale mass delivery and has potential in various applications including nanomotors, molecular machines, etc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Chen
- Shanghai Institute of Applied Mathematics and Mechanics, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Mechanics in Energy Engineering, Shanghai Frontier Science Center of Mechanoinformatics, School of Mechanics and Engineering Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai200072, China
| | - Fangyan Zhu
- Shanghai Institute of Applied Mathematics and Mechanics, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Mechanics in Energy Engineering, Shanghai Frontier Science Center of Mechanoinformatics, School of Mechanics and Engineering Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai200072, China
| | - Jiantao Leng
- Shanghai Institute of Applied Mathematics and Mechanics, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Mechanics in Energy Engineering, Shanghai Frontier Science Center of Mechanoinformatics, School of Mechanics and Engineering Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai200072, China
| | - Tianquan Ying
- Shanghai Institute of Applied Mathematics and Mechanics, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Mechanics in Energy Engineering, Shanghai Frontier Science Center of Mechanoinformatics, School of Mechanics and Engineering Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai200072, China
| | - Jin-Wu Jiang
- Shanghai Institute of Applied Mathematics and Mechanics, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Mechanics in Energy Engineering, Shanghai Frontier Science Center of Mechanoinformatics, School of Mechanics and Engineering Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai200072, China
- Joint-Research Center for Computational Materials, Zhejiang Laboratory, Hangzhou311100, China
| | - Quan Zhou
- Shanghai Institute of Applied Mathematics and Mechanics, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Mechanics in Energy Engineering, Shanghai Frontier Science Center of Mechanoinformatics, School of Mechanics and Engineering Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai200072, China
| | - Tienchong Chang
- Shanghai Institute of Applied Mathematics and Mechanics, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Mechanics in Energy Engineering, Shanghai Frontier Science Center of Mechanoinformatics, School of Mechanics and Engineering Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai200072, China
- Joint-Research Center for Computational Materials, Zhejiang Laboratory, Hangzhou311100, China
- Shanghai Institute of Aircraft Mechanics and Control, Tongji University, Shanghai200092, China
| | - Wanlin Guo
- Key Laboratory for Intelligent Nano Materials and Devices of the Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Mechanics and Control of Mechanical Structures, Institute of Nanoscience of Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing210016, China
| | - Huajian Gao
- School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, College of Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore639798, Singapore
- Institute of High Performance Computing, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore138632, Singapore
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10
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Shan X, Xie H, Zhou T, Wu M, Yang J. Dual DNA recycling amplifications coupled with Au NPs@ZIF-MOF accelerator for enhanced electrochemical ratiometric sensing of pathogenic bacteria. Talanta 2023; 263:124751. [PMID: 37267887 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2023.124751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Sensitive and accurate quantification of pathogenic bacteria is vastly significant to the related food safety. Herein, a sensitive ratiometric electrochemical biosensor was developed for the detection of Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) based on dual DNA recycling amplifications and Au NPs@ZIF-MOF accelerator. Gold nanoparticles-loaded Zeolitic imidazolate metal-organic framework (Au NPs@ZIF-MOF) as electrode substrate possessed a large specific surface area for nucleic acid adsorption, and as an accelerator promoted the transfer of electrons. The strong recognition of aptamer to target S. aureus could initiate the padlock probe-based exponential rolling circle amplification (P-ERCA, as the first DNA recycling amplification), generating large numbers of trigger DNA strands. The released trigger DNA further activated the catalytic hairpin assembly (CHA, as the second DNA recycling amplification) on electrode surface. Consequently, P-ERCA and CHA continuously brought about one target to many signal transduction, leading to an exponential amplification. To achieve the accuracy of detection, the signal ratio of methylene blue (MB) and ferrocene (Fc) (IMB/IFc) was applied for intrinsic self-calibrating. Taking advantages of dual DNA recycling amplifications and Au NPs@ZIF-MOF, the proposed sensing system displayed high sensitivity for S. aureus quantification with a linear range of 5-108 CFU/mL, and the limit of detection was 1 CFU/mL. Moreover, this system represented excellent reproducibility, selectivity, and practicability for S. aureus analysis in foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Shan
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China; Xinglin College, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, China
| | - Haojie Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Tianci Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Meisheng Wu
- Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, 1 Weigang, Nanjing 210095, China.
| | - Jie Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China.
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11
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Zhan P, Peil A, Jiang Q, Wang D, Mousavi S, Xiong Q, Shen Q, Shang Y, Ding B, Lin C, Ke Y, Liu N. Recent Advances in DNA Origami-Engineered Nanomaterials and Applications. Chem Rev 2023; 123:3976-4050. [PMID: 36990451 PMCID: PMC10103138 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023]
Abstract
DNA nanotechnology is a unique field, where physics, chemistry, biology, mathematics, engineering, and materials science can elegantly converge. Since the original proposal of Nadrian Seeman, significant advances have been achieved in the past four decades. During this glory time, the DNA origami technique developed by Paul Rothemund further pushed the field forward with a vigorous momentum, fostering a plethora of concepts, models, methodologies, and applications that were not thought of before. This review focuses on the recent progress in DNA origami-engineered nanomaterials in the past five years, outlining the exciting achievements as well as the unexplored research avenues. We believe that the spirit and assets that Seeman left for scientists will continue to bring interdisciplinary innovations and useful applications to this field in the next decade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengfei Zhan
- 2nd Physics
Institute, University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 57, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Andreas Peil
- 2nd Physics
Institute, University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 57, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Qiao Jiang
- National
Center for Nanoscience and Technology, No 11, BeiYiTiao Zhongguancun, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Dongfang Wang
- School
of Biomedical Engineering and Suzhou Institute for Advanced Research, University of Science and Technology of China, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Shikufa Mousavi
- Department
of Chemistry, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - Qiancheng Xiong
- Department
of Cell Biology, Yale School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
- Nanobiology
Institute, Yale University, 850 West Campus Drive, West Haven, Connecticut 06516, United States
| | - Qi Shen
- Department
of Cell Biology, Yale School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
- Nanobiology
Institute, Yale University, 850 West Campus Drive, West Haven, Connecticut 06516, United States
- Department
of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University, 266
Whitney Avenue, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, United States
| | - Yingxu Shang
- National
Center for Nanoscience and Technology, No 11, BeiYiTiao Zhongguancun, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Baoquan Ding
- National
Center for Nanoscience and Technology, No 11, BeiYiTiao Zhongguancun, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Chenxiang Lin
- Department
of Cell Biology, Yale School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
- Nanobiology
Institute, Yale University, 850 West Campus Drive, West Haven, Connecticut 06516, United States
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, 17 Hillhouse Avenue, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, United States
| | - Yonggang Ke
- Wallace
H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - Na Liu
- 2nd Physics
Institute, University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 57, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
- Max Planck
Institute for Solid State Research, Heisenbergstrasse 1, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
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12
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Mills A, Aissaoui N, Finkel J, Elezgaray J, Bellot G. Mechanical DNA Origami to Investigate Biological Systems. Adv Biol (Weinh) 2023; 7:e2200224. [PMID: 36509679 DOI: 10.1002/adbi.202200224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2022] [Revised: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The ability to self-assemble DNA nanodevices with programmed structural dynamics that can sense and respond to the local environment can enable transformative applications in fields including mechanobiology and nanomedicine. The responsive function of biomolecules is often driven by alterations in conformational distributions mediated by highly sensitive interactions with the local environment. In this review, the current state-of-the-art in constructing complex DNA geometries with dynamic and mechanical properties to enable a molecular scale force measurement is first summarized. Next, an overview of engineering modular DNA devices that interact with cell surfaces is highlighted detailing examples of mechanosensitive proteins and the force-induced dynamic molecular interaction on the downstream biochemical signaling. Finally, the challenges and an outlook on this promising class of DNA devices acting as nanomachines to operate at a low piconewton range suitable for a majority of biological effects or as hybrid materials to achieve higher tension exertion required for other biological investigations, are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allan Mills
- Centre de Biologie Structurale, INSERM, CNRS, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, 34090, France
| | - Nesrine Aissaoui
- Laboratoire CiTCoM, Faculté de Santé, Université Paris Cité, CNRS, Paris, 75006, France
| | - Julie Finkel
- Centre de Biologie Structurale, INSERM, CNRS, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, 34090, France
| | - Juan Elezgaray
- CRPP, CNRS, UMR 5031, Université de Bordeaux, Pessac, 33600, France
| | - Gaëtan Bellot
- Centre de Biologie Structurale, INSERM, CNRS, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, 34090, France
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13
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Liao Y, Hu H, Tang X, Qin Y, Zhang W, Dong K, Yan B, Mu Y, Li L, Ming Z, Xiao X. A versatile and convenient tool for regulation of DNA strand displacement and post-modification on pre-fabricated DNA nanodevices. Nucleic Acids Res 2022; 51:29-40. [PMID: 36537218 PMCID: PMC9841412 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkac1193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Toehold-mediated strand displacement and its regulatory tools are fundamental for DNA nanotechnology. However, current regulatory tools all need to change the original sequence of reactants, making the regulation inconvenient and cumbersome. More importantly, the booming development of DNA nanotechnology will soon promote the production of packaged and batched devices or circuits with specified functions. Regarding standardized, packaged DNA nanodevices, access to personalized post-modification will greatly help users, whereas none of the current regulatory tools can provide such access, which has greatly constrained DNA nanodevices from becoming more powerful and practical. Herein, we developed a novel regulation tool named Cap which has two basic functions of subtle regulation of the reaction rate and erasability. Based on these functions, we further developed three advanced functions. Through integration of all functions of Cap and its distinct advantage of working independently, we finally realized personalized tailor-made post-modification on pre-fabricated DNA circuits. A pre-fabricated dual-output DNA circuit was successfully transformed into an equal-output circuit, a signal-antagonist circuit and a covariant circuit according to our requirements. Taken together, Cap is easy to design and generalizable for all strand displacement-based DNA nanodevices. We believe the Cap tool will be widely used in regulating reaction networks and personalized tailor-made post-modification of DNA nanodevices.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Yang Qin
- Institute of Reproductive Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Institute of Reproductive Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Kejun Dong
- Institute of Reproductive Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Bei Yan
- Institute of Reproductive Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Yaoqin Mu
- Institute of Reproductive Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Longjie Li
- Correspondence may also be addressed to Longjie Li.
| | - Zhihao Ming
- Correspondence may also be addressed to Zhihao Ming.
| | - Xianjin Xiao
- To whom correspondence should be addressed. Tel: +86 027 8369 2651; Fax: +86 027 8369 2651;
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14
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Shukla S, Troitskaia A, Swarna N, Maity BK, Tjioe M, Bookwalter CS, Trybus KM, Chemla YR, Selvin PR. High-throughput force measurement of individual kinesin-1 motors during multi-motor transport. NANOSCALE 2022; 14:12463-12475. [PMID: 35980233 PMCID: PMC9983033 DOI: 10.1039/d2nr01701f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Molecular motors often work in teams to move a cellular cargo. Yet measuring the forces exerted by each motor is challenging. Using a sensor made with denatured ssDNA and multi-color fluorescence, we measured picoNewtons of forces and nanometer distances exerted by individual constrained kinesin-1 motors acting together while driving a common microtubule in vitro. We find that kinesins primarily exerted less than 1 pN force, even while the microtubule is bypassing artificial obstacles of 20-100 nanometer size. Occasionally, individual forces increase upon encountering obstacles, although at other times they do not, with the cargo continuing in a directional manner. Our high-throughput technique, which can measure forces by many motors simultaneously, is expected to be useful for many different types of molecular motors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saurabh Shukla
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
- Center for the Physics of Living Cells, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA.
| | - Alice Troitskaia
- Center for Biophysics and Quantitative Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | - Nikhila Swarna
- Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | - Barun Kumar Maity
- Center for the Physics of Living Cells, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA.
- Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | - Marco Tjioe
- Center for the Physics of Living Cells, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA.
- Center for Biophysics and Quantitative Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
- Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | - Carol S Bookwalter
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Kathleen M Trybus
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Yann R Chemla
- Center for the Physics of Living Cells, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA.
- Center for Biophysics and Quantitative Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
- Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | - Paul R Selvin
- Center for the Physics of Living Cells, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA.
- Center for Biophysics and Quantitative Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
- Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
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15
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Blanchard AT, Li Z, Duran EC, Scull CE, Hoff JD, Wright KR, Pan V, Walter NG. Ultra-photostable DNA FluoroCubes: Mechanism of Photostability and Compatibility with FRET and Dark Quenching. NANO LETTERS 2022; 22:6235-6244. [PMID: 35881934 PMCID: PMC10080265 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.2c01757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
DNA-based FluoroCubes were recently developed as a solution to photobleaching, a ubiquitous limitation of fluorescence microscopy (Niekamp; ; Stuurman; ; Vale Nature Methods, 2020). FluoroCubes, that is, compact ∼4 × 4 × 5.4 nm3 four-helix bundles coupled to ≤6 fluorescent dyes, remain fluorescent up to ∼50× longer than single dyes and emit up to ∼40× as many photons. The current work answers two important questions about the FluoroCubes. First, what is the mechanism by which photostability is enhanced? Second, are FluoroCubes compatible with Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) and similar techniques? We use single particle photobleaching studies to show that photostability arises through interactions between the fluorophores and the four-helix DNA bundle. Supporting this, we discover that smaller ∼4 × 4 × 2.7 nm3 FluoroCubes also confer ultraphotostability. However, we find that certain dye-dye interactions negatively impact FluoroCube performance. Accordingly, 4-dye FluoroCubes lacking these interactions perform better than 6-dye FluoroCubes. We also demonstrate that FluoroCubes are compatible with FRET and dark quenching applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron T. Blanchard
- Single Molecule Analysis Group, Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, 48109, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, 48109, United States
- Michigan Society of Fellows, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Zi Li
- Single Molecule Analysis Group, Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, 48109, United States
| | - Elizabeth C. Duran
- Single Molecule Analysis Group, Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, 48109, United States
| | - Catherine E. Scull
- Single Molecule Analysis Group, Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, 48109, United States
| | - J. Damon Hoff
- Single Molecule Analysis in Real-Time (SMART) Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - Keenan R. Wright
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, 48109, United States
| | - Victor Pan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Emory University and the Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, 30322
| | - Nils G. Walter
- Single Molecule Analysis Group, Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, 48109, United States
- Center for RNA Biomedicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, 48109, United States
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16
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A modular spring-loaded actuator for mechanical activation of membrane proteins. Nat Commun 2022; 13:3182. [PMID: 35902570 PMCID: PMC9334261 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-30745-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
How cells respond to mechanical forces by converting them into biological signals underlie crucial cellular processes. Our understanding of mechanotransduction has been hindered by technical barriers, including limitations in our ability to effectively apply low range piconewton forces to specific mechanoreceptors on cell membranes without laborious and repetitive trials. To overcome these challenges we introduce the Nano-winch, a robust, easily assembled, programmable DNA origami-based molecular actuator. The Nano-winch is designed to manipulate multiple mechanoreceptors in parallel by exerting fine-tuned, low- piconewton forces in autonomous and remotely activated modes via adjustable single- and double-stranded DNA linkages, respectively. Nano-winches in autonomous mode can land and operate on the cell surface. Targeting the device to integrin stimulated detectable downstream phosphorylation of focal adhesion kinase, an indication that Nano-winches can be applied to study cellular mechanical processes. Remote activation mode allowed finer extension control and greater force exertion. We united remotely activated Nano-winches with single-channel bilayer experiments to directly observe the opening of a channel by mechanical force in the force responsive gated channel protein, BtuB. This customizable origami provides an instrument-free approach that can be applied to control and explore a diversity of mechanotransduction circuits on living cells. Studies on mechanotransduction are limited by our ability to apply low range forces to specific mechanoreceptors on cell membranes. Here the authors report the Nano-winch, a programmable DNA origami-based molecular actuator, to manipulate multiple mechanoreceptors in parallel by exerting piconewton forces.
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17
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Mustapha F, Sengupta K, Puech PH. May the force be with your (immune) cells: an introduction to traction force microscopy in Immunology. Front Immunol 2022; 13:898558. [PMID: 35990636 PMCID: PMC9389945 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.898558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
For more than a couple of decades now, “force” has been recognized as an important physical parameter that cells employ to adapt to their microenvironment. Whether it is externally applied, or internally generated, cells use force to modulate their various actions, from adhesion and migration to differentiation and immune function. T lymphocytes use such mechano-sensitivity to decipher signals when recognizing cognate antigens presented on the surface of antigen presenting cells (APCs), a critical process in the adaptive immune response. As such, many techniques have been developed and used to measure the forces felt/exerted by these small, solitary and extremely reactive cells to decipher their influence on diverse T cell functions, primarily activation. Here, we focus on traction force microscopy (TFM), in which a deformable substrate, coated with the appropriate molecules, acts as a force sensor on the cellular scale. This technique has recently become a center of interest for many groups in the “ImmunoBiophysics” community and, as a consequence, has been subjected to refinements for its application to immune cells. Here, we present an overview of TFM, the precautions and pitfalls, and the most recent developments in the context of T cell immunology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farah Mustapha
- Laboratory Adhesion Inflammation (LAI), INSERM, CNRS, Aix Marseille University, Marseille, France
- Centre Interdisciplinaire de Nanoscience de Marseille (CINaM), CNRS, Aix Marseille University, Marseille, France
- Turing Center for Living Systems (CENTURI), Marseille, France
| | - Kheya Sengupta
- Centre Interdisciplinaire de Nanoscience de Marseille (CINaM), CNRS, Aix Marseille University, Marseille, France
- Turing Center for Living Systems (CENTURI), Marseille, France
- *Correspondence: Pierre-Henri Puech, ; Kheya Sengupta,
| | - Pierre-Henri Puech
- Laboratory Adhesion Inflammation (LAI), INSERM, CNRS, Aix Marseille University, Marseille, France
- Turing Center for Living Systems (CENTURI), Marseille, France
- *Correspondence: Pierre-Henri Puech, ; Kheya Sengupta,
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18
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Sun M, Lu P, Yu C, Feng F, Li Q, Zhan J, Xu M, Liu Y, Yao L. Force-Coded Strategy for the Simultaneous Detection of Multiple Tumor-Related Proteins. Anal Chem 2022; 94:8992-8998. [PMID: 35713197 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c01014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Multiplexed simultaneous detection of various cancer markers is required for accurate diagnosis and treatment of early cancer. In this work, we present a force-coded strategy for the simultaneous detection of tumor-related proteins with tunable dynamic range via magnetic sensing. The multiplexing capability of this method is achieved by designing DNA devices that can recognize different biomarkers and code them with different binding forces measured by the force-induced remnant magnetization spectroscopy, which is not influenced by the color of the light and the solution. Moreover, the force-coded assay with high sensitivity and adjustable detection range is robust, which could be used for practical biological applications such as magnetic sensing, handheld miniaturized systems, and potential in vivo diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengxue Sun
- State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Pan Lu
- State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Chanchan Yu
- State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Feng Feng
- State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Qilong Li
- State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jinxiu Zhan
- State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Min Xu
- State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yajing Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Li Yao
- State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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19
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The Free-Energy Landscape of a Mechanically Bistable DNA Origami. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/app12125875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Molecular simulations using coarse-grained models allow the structure, dynamics and mechanics of DNA origamis to be comprehensively characterized. Here, we focus on the free-energy landscape of a jointed DNA origami that has been designed to exhibit two mechanically stable states and for which a bistable landscape has been inferred from ensembles of structures visualized by electron microscopy. Surprisingly, simulations using the oxDNA model predict that the defect-free origami has a single free-energy minimum. The expected second state is not stable because the hinge joints do not simply allow free angular motion but instead lead to increasing free-energetic penalties as the joint angles relevant to the second state are approached. This raises interesting questions about the cause of this difference between simulations and experiment, such as how assembly defects might affect the ensemble of structures observed experimentally.
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20
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Wang L, Chen W, Li H, Xiong C, Sun F, Liu X, Hu Y, Wang W, Zhong W, Liu Z. Exploring Integrin-Mediated Force Transmission during Confined Cell Migration by DNA-Based Tension Probes. Anal Chem 2022; 94:4570-4575. [PMID: 35257583 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.1c04962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Mechanical forces have profound effects on the morphology and migration of cells in a two-dimensional environment. However, cells in vivo mostly migrate in three-dimensional space while physically constrained, and the mechanism by which cellular dynamic forces drive migration in this confined environment is unclear. Here, we present a method of fabricating microfluidic chips with integrated DNA-based tension probes to measure spatiotemporal variations in integrin-mediated force exerted during confined cell migration. Using this developed device, we measured the spatial locations, magnitudes, and temporal characteristics of integrin-ligand tension signals in motile cells in different microchannels and found that cells exerted less force and underwent increasingly transitory integrin-ligand interactions when migrating in confined spaces. This study demonstrates that the described method provides insights into understanding the migratory machinery of cells in geometrically confined environment that better mimics physiological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Wang
- The Institute for Advanced Studies, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Wei Chen
- The Institute for Advanced Studies, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Hongyun Li
- The Institute for Advanced Studies, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Chaohui Xiong
- The Institute for Advanced Studies, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Feng Sun
- The Institute for Advanced Studies, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Xiaoqing Liu
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Yuru Hu
- The Institute for Advanced Studies, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Wenxu Wang
- The Institute for Advanced Studies, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Wenqun Zhong
- Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Zheng Liu
- The Institute for Advanced Studies, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
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21
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Hang X, He S, Dong Z, Li Y, Huang Z, Zhang Y, Sun H, Lin L, Li H, Wang Y, Liu B, Wu N, Ren T, Fan Y, Lou J, Yang R, Jiang L, Chang L. High-Throughput DNA Tensioner Platform for Interrogating Mechanical Heterogeneity of Single Living Cells. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2022; 18:e2106196. [PMID: 35322558 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202106196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Revised: 12/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Cell mechanical forces play fundamental roles in regulating cellular responses to environmental stimulations. The shortcomings of conventional methods, including force resolution and cellular throughput, make them less accessible to mechanical heterogeneity at the single-cell level. Here, a DNA tensioner platform is introduced with high throughput (>10 000 cells per chip) and pN-level resolution. A microfluidic-based cell array is trapped on "hairpin-structured" DNA tensioners that enable transformation of the mechanical information of living cells into fluorescence signals. By using the platform, one can identify enhanced mechanical forces of drug-resistant cells as compared to their drug-sensitive counterparts, and mechanical differences between metastatic tumor cells in pleural effusion and nonmetastatic histiocytes. Further genetic analysis traces two genes, VEGFA and MINK1, that may play deterministic roles in regulating mechanical heterogeneities. In view of the ubiquity of cells' mechanical forces in the extracellular microenvironment (ECM), this platform shows wide potential to establish links of cellular mechanical heterogeneity to genetic heterogeneity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinxin Hang
- Key Laboratory of Biomechanics and Mechanobiology, Ministry of Education, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, No. 37 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Shiqi He
- Key Laboratory of Biomechanics and Mechanobiology, Ministry of Education, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, No. 37 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Zaizai Dong
- Key Laboratory of Biomechanics and Mechanobiology, Ministry of Education, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, No. 37 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Yun Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Genome Sciences and Information, Beijing Institute of Genomics, and China National Center for Bioinformation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 1 Beichen West Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Zheng Huang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Genome Sciences and Information, Beijing Institute of Genomics, and China National Center for Bioinformation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 1 Beichen West Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Yanruo Zhang
- Key Laboratory of RNA Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 15 Datun Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Hong Sun
- Key Laboratory of Biomechanics and Mechanobiology, Ministry of Education, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, No. 37 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Long Lin
- Key Laboratory of Biomechanics and Mechanobiology, Ministry of Education, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, No. 37 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Hu Li
- Key Laboratory of Biomechanics and Mechanobiology, Ministry of Education, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, No. 37 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Yang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biomechanics and Mechanobiology, Ministry of Education, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, No. 37 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Bing Liu
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research of Ministry of Education, Department of Thoracic Surgery II, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, No. 52 Fucheng Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100142, China
| | - Nan Wu
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research of Ministry of Education, Department of Thoracic Surgery II, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, No. 52 Fucheng Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100142, China
| | - Tianling Ren
- Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology (BNRist), Institute of Microelectronics, Tsinghua University, No. 30 Shuangqing Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Yubo Fan
- Key Laboratory of Biomechanics and Mechanobiology, Ministry of Education, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, No. 37 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Jizhong Lou
- Key Laboratory of RNA Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 15 Datun Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Ruiguo Yang
- Nebraska Center for Integrated Biomolecular Communication, Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, 68588, USA
| | - Lan Jiang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Genome Sciences and Information, Beijing Institute of Genomics, and China National Center for Bioinformation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 1 Beichen West Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100101, China
- College of Future Technology, and Sino-Danish College, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19(A) Yuquan Road, Shijingshan District, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Lingqian Chang
- Key Laboratory of Biomechanics and Mechanobiology, Ministry of Education, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, No. 37 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100083, China
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Research and Engineering Center of Biomedical Materials, Anhui Medical University, No. 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, China
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22
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Wong CK, Tang C, Schreck JS, Doye JPK. Characterizing the free-energy landscapes of DNA origamis. NANOSCALE 2022; 14:2638-2648. [PMID: 35129570 DOI: 10.1039/d1nr05716b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
We show how coarse-grained modelling combined with umbrella sampling using distance-based order parameters can be applied to compute the free-energy landscapes associated with mechanical deformations of large DNA nanostructures. We illustrate this approach for the strong bending of DNA nanotubes and the potentially bistable landscape of twisted DNA origami sheets. The homogeneous bending of the DNA nanotubes is well described by the worm-like chain model; for more extreme bending the nanotubes reversibly buckle with the bending deformations localized at one or two "kinks". For a twisted one-layer DNA origami, the twist is coupled to the bending of the sheet giving rise to a free-energy landscape that has two nearly-degenerate minima that have opposite curvatures. By contrast, for a two-layer origami, the increased stiffness with respect to bending leads to a landscape with a single free-energy minimum that has a saddle-like geometry. The ability to compute such landscapes is likely to be particularly useful for DNA mechanotechnology and for understanding stress accumulation during the self-assembly of origamis into higher-order structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chak Kui Wong
- Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QZ, UK.
| | - Chuyan Tang
- Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QZ, UK.
| | - John S Schreck
- National Center for Atmospheric Research, Computational and Information Systems Laboratory, 850 Table Mesa Drive, Boulder, CO 80305, USA
| | - Jonathan P K Doye
- Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QZ, UK.
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23
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Manayia AH, Ilhami FB, Lee AW, Cheng CC. Photoreactive Cytosine-Functionalized Self-Assembled Micelles with Enhanced Cellular Uptake Capability for Efficient Cancer Chemotherapy. Biomacromolecules 2021; 22:5307-5318. [PMID: 34802236 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.1c01199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Design, fabrication, and control of photoreactive supramolecular macromers─which are composed of a thermoresponsive polymer backbone and photoreactive nucleobase end-groups─to achieve the desired physical-chemical performance and provide the high efficiency required for chemotherapy drug delivery purposes still present challenges. Herein, a difunctional cytosine-terminated supramolecular macromer was successfully obtained at high yield. UV-irradiation induces the formation of cytosine photodimers within the structure. The irradiated macromer can self-assemble into nanosized spherical micelles in water that possess a number of interesting and unique features, such as desired micellar size and morphology, tunable drug-loading capacity, and excellent structural stability in serum-containing medium, in addition to well-controlled drug-release behaviors in response to changes in environmental temperature and pH; these extremely desirable, rare features are required to augment the functions of polymeric nanocarriers for drug delivery. Importantly, a series of in vitro studies demonstrated that photodimerized cytosine moieties within the drug-loaded micelles substantially enhance their internalization and accumulation inside cells via endocytosis and subsequently lead to induction of massive apoptotic cell death compared with the corresponding nonirradiated micelles. Thus, this newly developed "photomodified" nanocarrier system could provide a potentially fruitful route to enhance the drug delivery performance of nanocages without the need to introduce targeting moieties or additional components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abere Habtamu Manayia
- Graduate Institute of Applied Science and Technology, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei 10607, Taiwan
| | - Fasih Bintang Ilhami
- Graduate Institute of Applied Science and Technology, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei 10607, Taiwan
| | - Ai-Wei Lee
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Chia Cheng
- Graduate Institute of Applied Science and Technology, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei 10607, Taiwan.,Advanced Membrane Materials Research Center, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei 10607, Taiwan
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24
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Gong Z, Tang Y, Ma N, Cao W, Wang Y, Wang S, Tian Y. Applications of DNA-Functionalized Proteins. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:12911. [PMID: 34884714 PMCID: PMC8657886 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222312911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2021] [Revised: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
As an important component that constitutes all the cells and tissues of the human body, protein is involved in most of the biological processes. Inspired by natural protein systems, considerable efforts covering many discipline fields were made to design artificial protein assemblies and put them into application in recent decades. The rapid development of structural DNA nanotechnology offers significant means for protein assemblies and promotes their application. Owing to the programmability, addressability and accurate recognition ability of DNA, many protein assemblies with unprecedented structures and improved functions have been successfully fabricated, consequently creating many brand-new researching fields. In this review, we briefly introduced the DNA-based protein assemblies, and highlighted the limitations in application process and corresponding strategies in four aspects, including biological catalysis, protein detection, biomedicine treatment and other applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoqiu Gong
- College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China; (Z.G.); (Y.T.); (N.M.); (W.C.); (Y.W.)
- Shenzhen Research Institute of Nanjing University, Shenzhen 518000, China
| | - Yuanyuan Tang
- College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China; (Z.G.); (Y.T.); (N.M.); (W.C.); (Y.W.)
| | - Ningning Ma
- College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China; (Z.G.); (Y.T.); (N.M.); (W.C.); (Y.W.)
| | - Wenhong Cao
- College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China; (Z.G.); (Y.T.); (N.M.); (W.C.); (Y.W.)
| | - Yong Wang
- College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China; (Z.G.); (Y.T.); (N.M.); (W.C.); (Y.W.)
| | - Shuang Wang
- College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China; (Z.G.); (Y.T.); (N.M.); (W.C.); (Y.W.)
- Institute of Marine Biomedicine, Shenzhen Polytechnic, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Ye Tian
- College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China; (Z.G.); (Y.T.); (N.M.); (W.C.); (Y.W.)
- Shenzhen Research Institute of Nanjing University, Shenzhen 518000, China
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25
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Ilhami FB, Bayle EA, Cheng CC. Complementary Nucleobase Interactions Drive Co-Assembly of Drugs and Nanocarriers for Selective Cancer Chemotherapy. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:1929. [PMID: 34834344 PMCID: PMC8625492 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13111929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Revised: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A new concept in cooperative adenine-uracil (A-U) hydrogen bonding interactions between anticancer drugs and nanocarrier complexes was successfully demonstrated by invoking the co-assembly of water soluble, uracil end-capped polyethylene glycol polymer (BU-PEG) upon association with the hydrophobic drug adenine-modified rhodamine (A-R6G). This concept holds promise as a smart and versatile drug delivery system for the achievement of targeted, more efficient cancer chemotherapy. Due to A-U base pairing between BU-PEG and A-R6G, BU-PEG has high tendency to interact with A-R6G, which leads to the formation of self-assembled A-R6G/BU-PEG nanogels in aqueous solution. The resulting nanogels exhibit a number of unique physical properties, including extremely high A-R6G-loading capacity, well-controlled, pH-triggered A-R6G release behavior, and excellent structural stability in biological media. Importantly, a series of in vitro cellular experiments clearly demonstrated that A-R6G/BU-PEG nanogels improved the selective uptake of A-R6G by cancer cells via endocytosis and promoted the intracellular release of A-R6G to subsequently induce apoptotic cell death, while control rhodamine/BU-PEG nanogels did not exert selective toxicity in cancer or normal cell lines. Overall, these results indicate that cooperative A-U base pairing within nanogels is a critical factor that improves selective drug uptake and effectively promotes apoptotic programmed cell death in cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fasih Bintang Ilhami
- Graduate Institute of Applied Science and Technology, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei 10607, Taiwan; (F.B.I.); (E.A.B.)
| | - Enyew Alemayehu Bayle
- Graduate Institute of Applied Science and Technology, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei 10607, Taiwan; (F.B.I.); (E.A.B.)
| | - Chih-Chia Cheng
- Graduate Institute of Applied Science and Technology, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei 10607, Taiwan; (F.B.I.); (E.A.B.)
- Advanced Membrane Materials Research Center, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei 10607, Taiwan
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26
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Yang P, Zhou R, Kong C, Fan L, Dong C, Chen J, Hou X, Li F. Stimuli-Responsive Three-Dimensional DNA Nanomachines Engineered by Controlling Dynamic Interactions at Biomolecule-Nanoparticle Interfaces. ACS NANO 2021; 15:16870-16877. [PMID: 34596378 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.1c07598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Stimuli-responsive nanomachines are attractive tools for biosensing, imaging, and drug delivery. Herein, we demonstrate that the orientation of macromolecules and subsequent dynamic interactions at the biomolecule-nanoparticle (bio-nano) interfaces can be rationally controlled to engineer stimuli-responsive DNA nanomachines. The success of this design principle was demonstrated by engineering a series of antibody-responsive DNA walkers capable of moving persistently on a three-dimensional track made of DNA functionalized gold nanoparticles. We show that drastically different responses to antibodies could be achieved using DNA walkers of identical sequences but with varying number or sites of modifications. We also show that multiple interfacial factors could be combined to engineer stimuli-responsive DNA nanomachines with high sensitivity and modularity. The potential of our strategy for practical uses was finally demonstrated for the amplified detection of antibodies and small molecules in both buffer and human serum samples. Unlike many DNA-based nanomachines, the performance of which could be significantly hindered by the matrix of serum, our system shows a matrix-enhanced sensitivity as a result of the engineering approach at the bio-nano interface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Yang
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Analytical & Testing Centre, Sichuan University, 29 Wangjiang Road, Chengdu, Sichuan, China, 610064
- Department of Chemistry, Centre for Biotechnology, Brock University, 1812 Sir Isaac Brock Way, St. Catharines, Ontario, Canada, L2S 3A1
| | - Rongxing Zhou
- Biliary Surgical Department of West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China, 610064
| | - Chuipeng Kong
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Analytical & Testing Centre, Sichuan University, 29 Wangjiang Road, Chengdu, Sichuan, China, 610064
| | - Li Fan
- Institute of Environmental Science, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China, 030006
| | - Chuan Dong
- Institute of Environmental Science, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China, 030006
| | - Junbo Chen
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Analytical & Testing Centre, Sichuan University, 29 Wangjiang Road, Chengdu, Sichuan, China, 610064
| | - Xiandeng Hou
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Analytical & Testing Centre, Sichuan University, 29 Wangjiang Road, Chengdu, Sichuan, China, 610064
| | - Feng Li
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Analytical & Testing Centre, Sichuan University, 29 Wangjiang Road, Chengdu, Sichuan, China, 610064
- Department of Chemistry, Centre for Biotechnology, Brock University, 1812 Sir Isaac Brock Way, St. Catharines, Ontario, Canada, L2S 3A1
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27
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Blanchard A, Combs JD, Brockman JM, Kellner AV, Glazier R, Su H, Bender RL, Bazrafshan AS, Chen W, Quach ME, Li R, Mattheyses AL, Salaita K. Turn-key mapping of cell receptor force orientation and magnitude using a commercial structured illumination microscope. Nat Commun 2021; 12:4693. [PMID: 34344862 PMCID: PMC8333341 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-24602-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Many cellular processes, including cell division, development, and cell migration require spatially and temporally coordinated forces transduced by cell-surface receptors. Nucleic acid-based molecular tension probes allow one to visualize the piconewton (pN) forces applied by these receptors. Building on this technology, we recently developed molecular force microscopy (MFM) which uses fluorescence polarization to map receptor force orientation with diffraction-limited resolution (~250 nm). Here, we show that structured illumination microscopy (SIM), a super-resolution technique, can be used to perform super-resolution MFM. Using SIM-MFM, we generate the highest resolution maps of both the magnitude and orientation of the pN traction forces applied by cells. We apply SIM-MFM to map platelet and fibroblast integrin forces, as well as T cell receptor forces. Using SIM-MFM, we show that platelet traction force alignment occurs on a longer timescale than adhesion. Importantly, SIM-MFM can be implemented on any standard SIM microscope without hardware modifications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron Blanchard
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - J Dale Combs
- Department of Chemistry, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Joshua M Brockman
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Anna V Kellner
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Roxanne Glazier
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Hanquan Su
- Department of Chemistry, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | | | | | - Wenchun Chen
- Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - M Edward Quach
- Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Renhao Li
- Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Alexa L Mattheyses
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Khalid Salaita
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.
- Department of Chemistry, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.
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28
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Liu L, Hu Q, Zhang W, Li W, Zhang W, Ming Z, Li L, Chen N, Wang H, Xiao X. Multifunctional Clip Strand for the Regulation of DNA Strand Displacement and Construction of Complex DNA Nanodevices. ACS NANO 2021; 15:11573-11584. [PMID: 34213302 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.1c01763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Strand displacement reactions are important bricks for the construction of various DNA nanodevices, among which the toehold-mediated strand displacement reaction is the most prevalently adopted. However, only a limited number of tools could be used to finely regulate the toehold reaction, thus restricting DNA nanodevices from being more multifunctional and powerful. Herein, we developed a regulation tool, Clip, and achieved multiple regulatory functions, including subtle adjustment of the reaction rates, allosteric strand displacement, selective activation, and resetting of the reaction. Taking advantages of the multiple functions, we constructed Clip-toehold-based DNA walking machines. They showed behaviors of controllable walking, concatenation, and programmable pathways. Furthermore, we built Clip-toehold-based AND and OR logic gates and integrated those logic gates to construct multilayer circuits, which could be reset and reused to process different input signals. We believe that the proposed Clip tool has expanded the functionality of DNA strand displacement-based nanodevices to a much more complex and diverse level and anticipate that the tool will be widely adopted in DNA nanotechnology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liquan Liu
- Institute of Reproductive Health, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Qingyi Hu
- Institute of Reproductive Health, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Wenkai Zhang
- Institute of Reproductive Health, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Wenhao Li
- Institute of Reproductive Health, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Institute of Reproductive Health, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Zhihao Ming
- Institute of Reproductive Health, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Longjie Li
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry and Materia Medica, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering. Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Na Chen
- Institute of Reproductive Health, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Hongbo Wang
- Institute of Reproductive Health, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Xianjin Xiao
- Institute of Reproductive Health, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
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29
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Abstract
Cytoskeletal active nematics exhibit striking nonequilibrium dynamics that are powered by energy-consuming molecular motors. To gain insight into the structure and mechanics of these materials, we design programmable clusters in which kinesin motors are linked by a double-stranded DNA linker. The efficiency by which DNA-based clusters power active nematics depends on both the stepping dynamics of the kinesin motors and the chemical structure of the polymeric linker. Fluorescence anisotropy measurements reveal that the motor clusters, like filamentous microtubules, exhibit local nematic order. The properties of the DNA linker enable the design of force-sensing clusters. When the load across the linker exceeds a critical threshold, the clusters fall apart, ceasing to generate active stresses and slowing the system dynamics. Fluorescence readout reveals the fraction of bound clusters that generate interfilament sliding. In turn, this yields the average load experienced by the kinesin motors as they step along the microtubules. DNA-motor clusters provide a foundation for understanding the molecular mechanism by which nanoscale molecular motors collectively generate mesoscopic active stresses, which in turn power macroscale nonequilibrium dynamics of active nematics.
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30
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Zhovmer AS, Chandler M, Manning A, Afonin KA, Tabdanov ED. Programmable DNA-augmented hydrogels for controlled activation of human lymphocytes. NANOMEDICINE-NANOTECHNOLOGY BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2021; 37:102442. [PMID: 34284132 DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2021.102442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Revised: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Contractile forces within the planar interface between T cell and antigen-presenting surface mechanically stimulate T cell receptors (TCR) in the mature immune synapses. However, the origin of mechanical stimulation during the initial, i.e., presynaptic, microvilli-based TCR activation in the course of immune surveillance remains unknown and new tools to help address this problem are needed. In this work, we develop nucleic acid nanoassembly (NAN)-based technology for functionalization of hydrogels using isothermal toehold-mediated reassociation of RNA/DNA heteroduplexes. Resulting platform allows for regulation with NAN linkers of 3D force momentum along the TCR mechanical axis, whereas hydrogels contribute to modulation of 2D shear modulus. By utilizing different lengths of NAN linkers conjugated to polyacrylamide gels of different shear moduli, we demonstrate an efficient capture of human T lymphocytes and tunable activation of TCR, as confirmed by T-cell spreading and pY foci.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander S Zhovmer
- Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA.
| | - Morgan Chandler
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC, USA
| | - Alexis Manning
- Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Kirill A Afonin
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC, USA.
| | - Erdem D Tabdanov
- Department of Pharmacology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA.
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31
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Blanchard AT. Burnt bridge ratchet motor force scales linearly with polyvalency: a computational study. SOFT MATTER 2021; 17:6056-6062. [PMID: 34151336 DOI: 10.1039/d1sm00676b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Nano- and micro-scale burnt bridge ratchet motors, which translocate via "guide" molecules that bind to and degrade a field of "fuel" molecules, have recently emerged in several biological and engineering contexts. The capacity of these motors to generate mechanical forces remains an open question. Here, chemomechanical modeling suggests that BBR force scales linearly with the steady-state number of guide-fuel bonds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron T Blanchard
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA and Michigan Society of Fellows, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA.
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32
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Kong G, Xiong M, Liu L, Hu L, Meng HM, Ke G, Zhang XB, Tan W. DNA origami-based protein networks: from basic construction to emerging applications. Chem Soc Rev 2021; 50:1846-1873. [PMID: 33306073 DOI: 10.1039/d0cs00255k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Natural living systems are driven by delicate protein networks whose functions are precisely controlled by many parameters, such as number, distance, orientation, and position. Focusing on regulation rather than just imitation, the construction of artificial protein networks is important in many research areas, including biomedicine, synthetic biology and chemical biology. DNA origami, sophisticated nanostructures with rational design, can offer predictable, programmable, and addressable scaffolds for protein assembly with nanometer precision. Recently, many interdisciplinary efforts have achieved the precise construction of DNA origami-based protein networks, and their emerging application in many areas. To inspire more fantastic research and applications, herein we highlight the applicability and potentiality of DNA origami-based protein networks. After a brief introduction to the development and features of DNA origami, some important factors for the precise construction of DNA origami-based protein networks are discussed, including protein-DNA conjugation methods, networks with different patterns and the controllable parameters in the networks. The discussion then focuses on the emerging application of DNA origami-based protein networks in several areas, including enzymatic reaction regulation, sensing, bionics, biophysics, and biomedicine. Finally, current challenges and opportunities in this research field are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gezhi Kong
- Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan 410082, China.
| | - Mengyi Xiong
- Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan 410082, China.
| | - Lu Liu
- Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan 410082, China.
| | - Ling Hu
- Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan 410082, China.
| | - Hong-Min Meng
- College of Chemistry, Green Catalysis Center, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Guoliang Ke
- Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan 410082, China.
| | - Xiao-Bing Zhang
- Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan 410082, China.
| | - Weihong Tan
- Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan 410082, China.
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33
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Dey K, Roca E, Ramorino G, Sartore L. Progress in the mechanical modulation of cell functions in tissue engineering. Biomater Sci 2021; 8:7033-7081. [PMID: 33150878 DOI: 10.1039/d0bm01255f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
In mammals, mechanics at multiple stages-nucleus to cell to ECM-underlie multiple physiological and pathological functions from its development to reproduction to death. Under this inspiration, substantial research has established the role of multiple aspects of mechanics in regulating fundamental cellular processes, including spreading, migration, growth, proliferation, and differentiation. However, our understanding of how these mechanical mechanisms are orchestrated or tuned at different stages to maintain or restore the healthy environment at the tissue or organ level remains largely a mystery. Over the past few decades, research in the mechanical manipulation of the surrounding environment-known as substrate or matrix or scaffold on which, or within which, cells are seeded-has been exceptionally enriched in the field of tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. To do so, traditional tissue engineering aims at recapitulating key mechanical milestones of native ECM into a substrate for guiding the cell fate and functions towards specific tissue regeneration. Despite tremendous progress, a big puzzle that remains is how the cells compute a host of mechanical cues, such as stiffness (elasticity), viscoelasticity, plasticity, non-linear elasticity, anisotropy, mechanical forces, and mechanical memory, into many biological functions in a cooperative, controlled, and safe manner. High throughput understanding of key cellular decisions as well as associated mechanosensitive downstream signaling pathway(s) for executing these decisions in response to mechanical cues, solo or combined, is essential to address this issue. While many reports have been made towards the progress and understanding of mechanical cues-particularly, substrate bulk stiffness and viscoelasticity-in regulating the cellular responses, a complete picture of mechanical cues is lacking. This review highlights a comprehensive view on the mechanical cues that are linked to modulate many cellular functions and consequent tissue functionality. For a very basic understanding, a brief discussion of the key mechanical players of ECM and the principle of mechanotransduction process is outlined. In addition, this review gathers together the most important data on the stiffness of various cells and ECM components as well as various tissues/organs and proposes an associated link from the mechanical perspective that is not yet reported. Finally, beyond addressing the challenges involved in tuning the interplaying mechanical cues in an independent manner, emerging advances in designing biomaterials for tissue engineering are also explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamol Dey
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Science, University of Chittagong, Bangladesh
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34
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Smart Nucleic Acids as Future Therapeutics. Trends Biotechnol 2021; 39:1289-1307. [PMID: 33980422 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibtech.2021.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Revised: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Nucleic acid therapeutics (NATs) hold promise in treating undruggable diseases and are recognized as the third major category of therapeutics in addition to small molecules and antibodies. Despite the milestones that NATs have made in clinical translation over the past decade, one important challenge pertains to increasing the specificity of this class of drugs. Activating NATs exclusively in disease-causing cells is highly desirable because it will safely broaden the application of NATs to a wider range of clinical indications. Smart NATs are triggered through a photo-uncaging reaction or a specific molecular input such as a transcript, protein, or small molecule, thus complementing the current strategy of targeting cells and tissues with receptor-specific ligands to enhance specificity. This review summarizes the programmable modalities that have been incorporated into NATs to build in responsive behaviors. We discuss the various inputs, transduction mechanisms, and output response functions that have been demonstrated to date.
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35
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Li D, Colin-York H, Barbieri L, Javanmardi Y, Guo Y, Korobchevskaya K, Moeendarbary E, Li D, Fritzsche M. Astigmatic traction force microscopy (aTFM). Nat Commun 2021; 12:2168. [PMID: 33846322 PMCID: PMC8042066 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-22376-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Quantifying small, rapidly progressing three-dimensional forces generated by cells remains a major challenge towards a more complete understanding of mechanobiology. Traction force microscopy is one of the most broadly applied force probing technologies but ascertaining three-dimensional information typically necessitates slow, multi-frame z-stack acquisition with limited sensitivity. Here, by performing traction force microscopy using fast single-frame astigmatic imaging coupled with total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy we improve the temporal resolution of three-dimensional mechanical force quantification up to 10-fold compared to its related super-resolution modalities. 2.5D astigmatic traction force microscopy (aTFM) thus enables live-cell force measurements approaching physiological sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Li
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Huw Colin-York
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Kennedy Institute for Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Liliana Barbieri
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Yousef Javanmardi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University College London, London, UK
| | - Yuting Guo
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | | | - Emad Moeendarbary
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University College London, London, UK.
| | - Dong Li
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | - Marco Fritzsche
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
- Kennedy Institute for Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
- Rosalind Franklin Institute, Harwell Campus, Didcot, UK.
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36
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Pfannenstill V, Barbotin A, Colin-York H, Fritzsche M. Quantitative Methodologies to Dissect Immune Cell Mechanobiology. Cells 2021; 10:851. [PMID: 33918573 PMCID: PMC8069647 DOI: 10.3390/cells10040851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Revised: 04/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Mechanobiology seeks to understand how cells integrate their biomechanics into their function and behavior. Unravelling the mechanisms underlying these mechanobiological processes is particularly important for immune cells in the context of the dynamic and complex tissue microenvironment. However, it remains largely unknown how cellular mechanical force generation and mechanical properties are regulated and integrated by immune cells, primarily due to a profound lack of technologies with sufficient sensitivity to quantify immune cell mechanics. In this review, we discuss the biological significance of mechanics for immune cells across length and time scales, and highlight several experimental methodologies for quantifying the mechanics of immune cells. Finally, we discuss the importance of quantifying the appropriate mechanical readout to accelerate insights into the mechanobiology of the immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronika Pfannenstill
- Kennedy Institute for Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7LF, UK; (V.P.); (A.B.)
| | - Aurélien Barbotin
- Kennedy Institute for Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7LF, UK; (V.P.); (A.B.)
| | - Huw Colin-York
- Kennedy Institute for Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7LF, UK; (V.P.); (A.B.)
| | - Marco Fritzsche
- Kennedy Institute for Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7LF, UK; (V.P.); (A.B.)
- Rosalind Franklin Institute, Harwell Campus, Didcot OX11 0FA, UK
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37
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Ye J, Teske J, Kemper U, Seidel R. Sequential Pull-Down Purification of DNA Origami Superstructures. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2021; 17:e2007218. [PMID: 33728738 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202007218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Revised: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Higher-order superstructures of individual DNA origami building blocks are frequently used in DNA nanotechnology in order to increase the structure dimensions and complexity. Here, a purification method is presented to specifically enrich a fully assembled superstructure out of an excess of substructures. The approach is based on pull-down reactions with magnetic beads, where superstructures are captured via an anchor strand on a specific terminus and then become separated from terminus-free structures. By carrying out several pull-down reactions sequentially on different termini, the full superstructures that possess all termini become finally enriched. The approach is demonstrated by purifying linear origami superstructures with up to nine monomers by two-sided pull-down reactions and a T-shaped superstructure in a three-sided pull-down reaction. In all cases, high recovery yields and purities are obtained. A crucial prerequisite for the sequential pull-down scheme is the establishment of highly specific, orthogonal sequence sets for capture, and anchor strands. It is expected that the introduced approach provides a useful and universal method to purify complex DNA origami superstructures with high specificity and yield and this way allows the massive parallel fabrication of nanostructures at high homogeneity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Ye
- Molecular Biophysics Group, Peter Debye Institute for Soft Matter Physics, Universität Leipzig, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed), Technische Universität Dresden, 01062, Dresden, Germany
| | - Josephine Teske
- Molecular Biophysics Group, Peter Debye Institute for Soft Matter Physics, Universität Leipzig, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Ulrich Kemper
- Molecular Biophysics Group, Peter Debye Institute for Soft Matter Physics, Universität Leipzig, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Ralf Seidel
- Molecular Biophysics Group, Peter Debye Institute for Soft Matter Physics, Universität Leipzig, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed), Technische Universität Dresden, 01062, Dresden, Germany
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38
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Lavrenyuk K, Conway D, Dahl KN. Imaging methods in mechanosensing: a historical perspective and visions for the future. Mol Biol Cell 2021; 32:842-854. [PMID: 33788578 PMCID: PMC8108522 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e20-10-0671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the past three decades, as mechanobiology has become a distinct area of study, researchers have developed novel imaging tools to discover the pathways of biomechanical signaling. Early work with substrate engineering and particle tracking demonstrated the importance of cell–extracellular matrix interactions on the cell cycle as well as the mechanical flux of the intracellular environment. Most recently, tension sensor approaches allowed directly measuring tension in cell–cell and cell–substrate interactions. We retrospectively analyze how these various optical techniques progressed the field and suggest our vision forward for a unified theory of cell mechanics, mapping cellular mechanosensing, and novel biomedical applications for mechanobiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirill Lavrenyuk
- Carnegie Mellon University, College of Engineering, Pittsburgh, PA 15213
| | - Daniel Conway
- Virginia Commonwealth University, College of Engineering, Richmond, VA 23284
| | - Kris Noel Dahl
- Carnegie Mellon University, College of Engineering, Pittsburgh, PA 15213
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39
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Blanchard AT, Salaita K. Multivalent molecular tension probes as anisotropic mechanosensors: concept and simulation. Phys Biol 2021; 18:034001. [PMID: 33316784 DOI: 10.1088/1478-3975/abd333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Cells use protein-based mechanosensors to measure the physical properties of their surroundings. Synthetic tension sensors made of proteins, DNA, and other molecular building blocks have recently emerged as tools to visualize and perturb the mechanics of these mechanosensors. While almost all synthetic tension sensors are designed to exhibit orientation-independent force responses, recent work has shown that biological mechanosensors often function in a manner that is highly dependent on force orientation. Accordingly, the design of synthetic mechanosensors with orientation-dependent force responses can provide a means to study the role of orientation in mechanosensation. Furthermore, the process of designing anisotropic force responses may yield insight into the physical basis for orientation-dependence in biological mechanosensors. Here, we propose a DNA-based molecular tension sensor design wherein multivalency is used to create an orientation-dependent force response. We apply chemomechanical modeling to show that multivalency can be used to create synthetic mechanosensors with force response thresholds that vary by tens of pN with respect to force orientation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron T Blanchard
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, United States of America
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40
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Glazier R, Shinde P, Ogasawara H, Salaita K. Spectroscopic Analysis of a Library of DNA Tension Probes for Mapping Cellular Forces at Fluid Interfaces. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:2145-2164. [PMID: 33417432 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c09774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Oligonucleotide-based probes offer the highest spatial resolution, force sensitivity, and molecular specificity for cellular tension sensing and have been developed to measure a variety of molecular forces mediated by individual receptors in T cells, platelets, fibroblasts, B-cells, and immortalized cancer cell lines. These fluorophore-oligonucleotide conjugate probes are designed with a stem-loop structure that engages cell receptors and reversibly unfolds due to mechanical strain. With the growth of recent work bridging molecular mechanobiology and biomaterials, there is a need for a detailed spectroscopic analysis of DNA tension probes that are used for cellular imaging. In this manuscript, we conducted an analysis of 19 DNA hairpin-based tension probe variants using molecular dynamics simulations, absorption spectroscopy, and fluorescence imaging (epifluorescence and fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy). We find that tension probes are highly sensitive to their molecular design, including donor and acceptor proximity and pairing, DNA stem-loop structure, and conjugation chemistry. We demonstrate the impact of these design features using a supported lipid bilayer model of podosome-like adhesions. Finally, we discuss the requirements for tension imaging in various biophysical contexts and offer a series of experimental recommendations, thus providing a guide for the design and application of DNA hairpin-based molecular tension probes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roxanne Glazier
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering at Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - Pushkar Shinde
- Department of Chemistry, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - Hiroaki Ogasawara
- Department of Chemistry, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - Khalid Salaita
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering at Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
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41
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Rifaie‐Graham O, Galensowske NFB, Dean C, Pollard J, Balog S, Gouveia MG, Chami M, Vian A, Amstad E, Lattuada M, Bruns N. Shear Stress-Responsive Polymersome Nanoreactors Inspired by the Marine Bioluminescence of Dinoflagellates. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:904-909. [PMID: 32961006 PMCID: PMC7839717 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202010099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Some marine plankton called dinoflagellates emit light in response to the movement of surrounding water, resulting in a phenomenon called milky seas or sea sparkle. The underlying concept, a shear-stress induced permeabilisation of biocatalytic reaction compartments, is transferred to polymer-based nanoreactors. Amphiphilic block copolymers that carry nucleobases in their hydrophobic block are self-assembled into polymersomes. The membrane of the vesicles can be transiently switched between an impermeable and a semipermeable state by shear forces occurring in flow or during turbulent mixing of polymersome dispersions. Nucleobase pairs in the hydrophobic leaflet separate when mechanical force is applied, exposing their hydrogen bonding motifs and therefore making the membrane less hydrophobic and more permeable for water soluble compounds. This polarity switch is used to release payload of the polymersomes on demand, and to activate biocatalytic reactions in the interior of the polymersomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omar Rifaie‐Graham
- Adolphe Merkle InstituteUniversity of FribourgChemin des Verdiers 41700FribourgSwitzerland
- Current address: Department of Materials and Department of BioengineeringInstitute of Biomedical EngineeringImperial College LondonExhibition RoadLondonSW7 2AZUK
| | | | - Charlie Dean
- Adolphe Merkle InstituteUniversity of FribourgChemin des Verdiers 41700FribourgSwitzerland
| | - Jonas Pollard
- Adolphe Merkle InstituteUniversity of FribourgChemin des Verdiers 41700FribourgSwitzerland
| | - Sandor Balog
- Adolphe Merkle InstituteUniversity of FribourgChemin des Verdiers 41700FribourgSwitzerland
| | - Micael G. Gouveia
- Department of Pure and Applied ChemistryUniversity of StrathclydeThomas Graham Building, 295 Cathedral StreetGlasgowG1 1XLUK
| | - Mohamed Chami
- BioEM labCenter of Cellular Imaging and NanoAnalytics (C-CINA)BiozentrumUniversity of BaselMattenstrasse 264058BaselSwitzerland
| | - Antoine Vian
- Soft Materials LaboratoryInstitute of MaterialsÉcole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, EPFL-STI-IMX-SMALMXC 231 Station 121015LausanneSwitzerland
| | - Esther Amstad
- Soft Materials LaboratoryInstitute of MaterialsÉcole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, EPFL-STI-IMX-SMALMXC 231 Station 121015LausanneSwitzerland
| | - Marco Lattuada
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of FribourgChemin du Musée 91700FribourgSwitzerland
| | - Nico Bruns
- Adolphe Merkle InstituteUniversity of FribourgChemin des Verdiers 41700FribourgSwitzerland
- Department of Pure and Applied ChemistryUniversity of StrathclydeThomas Graham Building, 295 Cathedral StreetGlasgowG1 1XLUK
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42
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Abstract
Nanorobotics, which has long been a fantasy in the realm of science fiction, is now a reality due to the considerable developments in diverse fields including chemistry, materials, physics, information and nanotechnology in the past decades. Not only different prototypes of nanorobots whose sizes are nanoscale are invented for various biomedical applications, but also robotic nanomanipulators which are able to handle nano-objects obtain substantial achievements for applications in biomedicine. The outstanding achievements in nanorobotics have significantly expanded the field of medical robotics and yielded novel insights into the underlying mechanisms guiding life activities, remarkably showing an emerging and promising way for advancing the diagnosis & treatment level in the coming era of personalized precision medicine. In this review, the recent advances in nanorobotics (nanorobots, nanorobotic manipulations) for biomedical applications are summarized from several facets (including molecular machines, nanomotors, DNA nanorobotics, and robotic nanomanipulators), and the future perspectives are also presented.
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43
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Jung WH, Chen E, Veneziano R, Gaitanaros S, Chen Y. Stretching DNA origami: effect of nicks and Holliday junctions on the axial stiffness. Nucleic Acids Res 2020; 48:12407-12414. [PMID: 33152066 PMCID: PMC7708044 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkaa985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Revised: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The axial stiffness of DNA origami is determined as a function of key nanostructural characteristics. Different constructs of two-helix nanobeams with specified densities of nicks and Holliday junctions are synthesized and stretched by fluid flow. Implementing single particle tracking to extract force–displacement curves enables the measurement of DNA origami stiffness values at the enthalpic elasticity regime, i.e. for forces larger than 15 pN. Comparisons between ligated and nicked helices show that the latter exhibit nearly a two-fold decrease in axial stiffness. Numerical models that treat the DNA helices as elastic rods are used to evaluate the local loss of stiffness at the locations of nicks and Holliday junctions. It is shown that the models reproduce the experimental data accurately, indicating that both of these design characteristics yield a local stiffness two orders of magnitude smaller than the corresponding value of the intact double-helix. This local degradation in turn leads to a macroscopic loss of stiffness that is evaluated numerically for multi-helix DNA bundles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Hung Jung
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, USA.,Institute for NanoBioTechnology, Johns Hopkins University, USA.,Center for Cell Dynamics, Johns Hopkins University, USA
| | - Enze Chen
- Department of Civil and Systems Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, USA
| | - Remi Veneziano
- Department of Bioengineering, George Mason University, USA.,Institute for Advanced Biomedical Research, George Mason University, USA
| | - Stavros Gaitanaros
- Department of Civil and Systems Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, USA
| | - Yun Chen
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, USA.,Institute for NanoBioTechnology, Johns Hopkins University, USA.,Center for Cell Dynamics, Johns Hopkins University, USA
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44
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Rifaie‐Graham O, Galensowske NFB, Dean C, Pollard J, Balog S, Gouveia MG, Chami M, Vian A, Amstad E, Lattuada M, Bruns N. Shear Stress‐Responsive Polymersome Nanoreactors Inspired by the Marine Bioluminescence of Dinoflagellates. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202010099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Omar Rifaie‐Graham
- Adolphe Merkle Institute University of Fribourg Chemin des Verdiers 4 1700 Fribourg Switzerland
- Current address: Department of Materials and Department of Bioengineering Institute of Biomedical Engineering Imperial College London Exhibition Road London SW7 2AZ UK
| | | | - Charlie Dean
- Adolphe Merkle Institute University of Fribourg Chemin des Verdiers 4 1700 Fribourg Switzerland
| | - Jonas Pollard
- Adolphe Merkle Institute University of Fribourg Chemin des Verdiers 4 1700 Fribourg Switzerland
| | - Sandor Balog
- Adolphe Merkle Institute University of Fribourg Chemin des Verdiers 4 1700 Fribourg Switzerland
| | - Micael G. Gouveia
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry University of Strathclyde Thomas Graham Building, 295 Cathedral Street Glasgow G1 1XL UK
| | - Mohamed Chami
- BioEM lab Center of Cellular Imaging and NanoAnalytics (C-CINA) Biozentrum University of Basel Mattenstrasse 26 4058 Basel Switzerland
| | - Antoine Vian
- Soft Materials Laboratory Institute of Materials École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, EPFL-STI-IMX-SMAL MXC 231 Station 12 1015 Lausanne Switzerland
| | - Esther Amstad
- Soft Materials Laboratory Institute of Materials École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, EPFL-STI-IMX-SMAL MXC 231 Station 12 1015 Lausanne Switzerland
| | - Marco Lattuada
- Department of Chemistry University of Fribourg Chemin du Musée 9 1700 Fribourg Switzerland
| | - Nico Bruns
- Adolphe Merkle Institute University of Fribourg Chemin des Verdiers 4 1700 Fribourg Switzerland
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry University of Strathclyde Thomas Graham Building, 295 Cathedral Street Glasgow G1 1XL UK
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45
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Chhabra H, Mishra G, Cao Y, Prešern D, Skoruppa E, Tortora MMC, Doye JPK. Computing the Elastic Mechanical Properties of Rodlike DNA Nanostructures. J Chem Theory Comput 2020; 16:7748-7763. [PMID: 33164531 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.0c00661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
To study the elastic properties of rodlike DNA nanostructures, we perform long simulations of these structures using the oxDNA coarse-grained model. By analyzing the fluctuations in these trajectories, we obtain estimates of the bend and twist persistence lengths and the underlying bend and twist elastic moduli and couplings between them. Only on length scales beyond those associated with the spacings between the interhelix crossovers do the bending fluctuations behave like those of a wormlike chain. The obtained bending persistence lengths are much larger than that for double-stranded DNA and increase nonlinearly with the number of helices, whereas the twist moduli increase approximately linearly. To within the numerical error in our data, the twist-bend coupling constants are of order zero. That the bending persistence lengths that we obtain are generally somewhat higher than in experiment probably reflects both that the simulated origamis have no assembly defects and that the oxDNA extensional modulus for double-stranded DNA is too large.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hemani Chhabra
- Physical & Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QZ, United Kingdom
| | - Garima Mishra
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur 208016, India
| | - Yijing Cao
- Physical & Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QZ, United Kingdom
| | - Domen Prešern
- Physical & Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QZ, United Kingdom
| | - Enrico Skoruppa
- Laboratory for Soft Matter and Biophysics, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200D, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Maxime M C Tortora
- Physical & Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QZ, United Kingdom.,Laboratory of Biology and Modeling of the Cell, École Normale Supérieure de Lyon, 46, allée d'Italie, 69364 Lyon Cedex 07, France
| | - Jonathan P K Doye
- Physical & Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QZ, United Kingdom
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46
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Engel MC, Romano F, Louis AA, Doye JPK. Measuring Internal Forces in Single-Stranded DNA: Application to a DNA Force Clamp. J Chem Theory Comput 2020; 16:7764-7775. [PMID: 33147408 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.0c00286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
We present a new method for calculating internal forces in DNA structures using coarse-grained models and demonstrate its utility with the oxDNA model. The instantaneous forces on individual nucleotides are explored and related to model potentials, and using our framework, internal forces are calculated for two simple DNA systems and for a recently published nanoscopic force clamp. Our results highlight some pitfalls associated with conventional methods for estimating internal forces, which are based on elastic polymer models, and emphasize the importance of carefully considering secondary structure and ionic conditions when modeling the elastic behavior of single-stranded DNA. Beyond its relevance to the DNA nanotechnological community, we expect our approach to be broadly applicable to calculations of internal force in a variety of structures-from DNA to protein-and across other coarse-grained simulation models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan C Engel
- School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, 29 Oxford Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States.,Rudolf Peierls Centre for Theoretical Physics, University of Oxford, 1 Keble Road, Oxford, OX1 3NP, U.K
| | - Flavio Romano
- Dipartimento di Scienze Molecolari e Nanosistemi, Universitá Ca Foscari di Venezia, Via Torino 155, 30172, Venezia Mestre, Italy
| | - Ard A Louis
- Rudolf Peierls Centre for Theoretical Physics, University of Oxford, 1 Keble Road, Oxford, OX1 3NP, U.K
| | - Jonathan P K Doye
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QZ, U.K
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47
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Brockman JM, Su H, Blanchard AT, Duan Y, Meyer T, Quach ME, Glazier R, Bazrafshan A, Bender RL, Kellner AV, Ogasawara H, Ma R, Schueder F, Petrich BG, Jungmann R, Li R, Mattheyses AL, Ke Y, Salaita K. Live-cell super-resolved PAINT imaging of piconewton cellular traction forces. Nat Methods 2020; 17:1018-1024. [PMID: 32929270 PMCID: PMC7574592 DOI: 10.1038/s41592-020-0929-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Despite the vital role of mechanical forces in biology, it still remains a challenge to image cellular force with sub-100-nm resolution. Here, we present tension points accumulation for imaging in nanoscale topography (tPAINT), integrating molecular tension probes with the DNA points accumulation for imaging in nanoscale topography (DNA-PAINT) technique to map piconewton mechanical events with ~25-nm resolution. To perform live-cell dynamic tension imaging, we engineered reversible probes with a cryptic docking site revealed only when the probe experiences forces exceeding a defined mechanical threshold (~7-21 pN). Additionally, we report a second type of irreversible tPAINT probe that exposes its cryptic docking site permanently and thus integrates force history over time, offering improved spatial resolution in exchange for temporal dynamics. We applied both types of tPAINT probes to map integrin receptor forces in live human platelets and mouse embryonic fibroblasts. Importantly, tPAINT revealed a link between platelet forces at the leading edge of cells and the dynamic actin-rich ring nucleated by the Arp2/3 complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua M Brockman
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Hanquan Su
- Department of Chemistry, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Aaron T Blanchard
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Yuxin Duan
- Department of Chemistry, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Travis Meyer
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - M Edward Quach
- Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Roxanne Glazier
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | | | | | - Anna V Kellner
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | | | - Rong Ma
- Department of Chemistry, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Florian Schueder
- Faculty of Physics and Center for Nanoscience, Ludwig Maximilian University, Munich, Germany
- Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Brian G Petrich
- Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Ralf Jungmann
- Faculty of Physics and Center for Nanoscience, Ludwig Maximilian University, Munich, Germany
- Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Renhao Li
- Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Alexa L Mattheyses
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Yonggang Ke
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Khalid Salaita
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.
- Department of Chemistry, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.
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48
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Jung W, Li J, Chaudhuri O, Kim T. Nonlinear Elastic and Inelastic Properties of Cells. J Biomech Eng 2020; 142:100806. [PMID: 32253428 PMCID: PMC7477719 DOI: 10.1115/1.4046863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2019] [Revised: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Mechanical forces play an important role in various physiological processes, such as morphogenesis, cytokinesis, and migration. Thus, in order to illuminate mechanisms underlying these physiological processes, it is crucial to understand how cells deform and respond to external mechanical stimuli. During recent decades, the mechanical properties of cells have been studied extensively using diverse measurement techniques. A number of experimental studies have shown that cells are far from linear elastic materials. Cells exhibit a wide variety of nonlinear elastic and inelastic properties. Such complicated properties of cells are known to emerge from unique mechanical characteristics of cellular components. In this review, we introduce major cellular components that largely govern cell mechanical properties and provide brief explanations of several experimental techniques used for rheological measurements of cell mechanics. Then, we discuss the representative nonlinear elastic and inelastic properties of cells. Finally, continuum and discrete computational models of cell mechanics, which model both nonlinear elastic and inelastic properties of cells, will be described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wonyeong Jung
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, 206 S. Martin Jischke Drive, West Lafayette, IN 47907
| | - Jing Li
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, 206 S. Martin Jischke Drive, West Lafayette, IN 47907
| | - Ovijit Chaudhuri
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Stanford University, 440 Escondido Mall, Stanford, CA 94305
| | - Taeyoon Kim
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, 206 S. Martin Jischke Drive, West Lafayette, IN 47907
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49
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Xue C, Zhang S, Yu X, Hu S, Lu Y, Wu Z. Periodically Ordered, Nuclease‐Resistant DNA Nanowires Decorated with Cell‐Specific Aptamers as Selective Theranostic Agents. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202004805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chang Xue
- Cancer Metastasis Alert and Prevention Center Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Cancer Metastasis Chemoprevention and Chemotherapy National and Local Joint Biomedical Engineering Research Center on Photodynamic Technologies Pharmaceutical Photocatalysis of State Key Laboratory of, Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment College of Chemistry Fuzhou University Fuzhou 350002 China
| | - Songbai Zhang
- Cancer Metastasis Alert and Prevention Center Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Cancer Metastasis Chemoprevention and Chemotherapy National and Local Joint Biomedical Engineering Research Center on Photodynamic Technologies Pharmaceutical Photocatalysis of State Key Laboratory of, Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment College of Chemistry Fuzhou University Fuzhou 350002 China
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering Hunan University of Arts and Science Changde 415000 China
| | - Xin Yu
- Cancer Metastasis Alert and Prevention Center Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Cancer Metastasis Chemoprevention and Chemotherapy National and Local Joint Biomedical Engineering Research Center on Photodynamic Technologies Pharmaceutical Photocatalysis of State Key Laboratory of, Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment College of Chemistry Fuzhou University Fuzhou 350002 China
| | - Shuyao Hu
- Cancer Metastasis Alert and Prevention Center Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Cancer Metastasis Chemoprevention and Chemotherapy National and Local Joint Biomedical Engineering Research Center on Photodynamic Technologies Pharmaceutical Photocatalysis of State Key Laboratory of, Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment College of Chemistry Fuzhou University Fuzhou 350002 China
| | - Yi Lu
- Department of Chemistry Cancer Center at Illinois University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Urbana IL 61801 USA
| | - Zai‐Sheng Wu
- Cancer Metastasis Alert and Prevention Center Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Cancer Metastasis Chemoprevention and Chemotherapy National and Local Joint Biomedical Engineering Research Center on Photodynamic Technologies Pharmaceutical Photocatalysis of State Key Laboratory of, Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment College of Chemistry Fuzhou University Fuzhou 350002 China
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50
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Xue C, Zhang S, Yu X, Hu S, Lu Y, Wu ZS. Periodically Ordered, Nuclease-Resistant DNA Nanowires Decorated with Cell-Specific Aptamers as Selective Theranostic Agents. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:17540-17547. [PMID: 32613705 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202004805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
DNA nanostructures have shown potential in cancer therapy. However, their clinical application is hampered by the difficulty to deliver them into cancer cells and susceptibility to nuclease degradation. To overcome these limitations, we report herein a periodically ordered nick-hidden DNA nanowire (NW) with high serum stability and active targeting functionality. The inner core is made of multiple connected DNA double helices, and the outer shell is composed of regularly arranged standing-up hairpin aptamers. All termini of the components are hidden from nuclease attack, whereas the target-binding sites are exposed to allow delivery to the cancer target. The DNA NW remained intact during incubation for 24 h in serum solution. Animal imaging and cell apoptosis showed that NWs loaded with an anticancer drug displayed long blood-circulation time and high specificity in inducing cancer-cell apoptosis, thus validating this approach for the targeted imaging and therapy of cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Xue
- Cancer Metastasis Alert and Prevention Center, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Cancer Metastasis Chemoprevention and Chemotherapy, National and Local Joint Biomedical Engineering Research Center on Photodynamic Technologies, Pharmaceutical Photocatalysis of State Key Laboratory of, Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Songbai Zhang
- Cancer Metastasis Alert and Prevention Center, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Cancer Metastasis Chemoprevention and Chemotherapy, National and Local Joint Biomedical Engineering Research Center on Photodynamic Technologies, Pharmaceutical Photocatalysis of State Key Laboratory of, Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350002, China.,College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Hunan University of Arts and Science, Changde, 415000, China
| | - Xin Yu
- Cancer Metastasis Alert and Prevention Center, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Cancer Metastasis Chemoprevention and Chemotherapy, National and Local Joint Biomedical Engineering Research Center on Photodynamic Technologies, Pharmaceutical Photocatalysis of State Key Laboratory of, Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Shuyao Hu
- Cancer Metastasis Alert and Prevention Center, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Cancer Metastasis Chemoprevention and Chemotherapy, National and Local Joint Biomedical Engineering Research Center on Photodynamic Technologies, Pharmaceutical Photocatalysis of State Key Laboratory of, Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Yi Lu
- Department of Chemistry, Cancer Center at Illinois, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Zai-Sheng Wu
- Cancer Metastasis Alert and Prevention Center, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Cancer Metastasis Chemoprevention and Chemotherapy, National and Local Joint Biomedical Engineering Research Center on Photodynamic Technologies, Pharmaceutical Photocatalysis of State Key Laboratory of, Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
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