1
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Brennan N, Noble CA, Tang J, Ziebel ME, Bae YJ. Important Elements of Spin-Exciton and Magnon-Exciton Coupling. ACS PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY AU 2024; 4:322-327. [PMID: 39069974 PMCID: PMC11273446 DOI: 10.1021/acsphyschemau.4c00010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Revised: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
The recent discovery of spin-exciton and magnon-exciton coupling in a layered antiferromagnetic semiconductor, CrSBr, is both fundamentally intriguing and technologically significant. This discovery unveils a unique capability to optically access and manipulate spin information using excitons, opening doors to applications in quantum interconnects, quantum photonics, and opto-spintronics. Despite their remarkable potential, materials exhibiting spin-exciton and magnon-exciton coupling remain limited. To broaden the library of such materials, we explore key parameters for achieving and tuning spin-exciton and magnon-exciton couplings. We begin by examining the mechanisms of couplings in CrSBr and drawing comparisons with other recently identified two-dimensional magnetic semiconductors. Furthermore, we propose various promising scenarios for spin-exciton coupling, laying the groundwork for future research endeavors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas
J. Brennan
- Department
of Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Cora A. Noble
- Department
of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell
University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Jiacheng Tang
- Department
of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell
University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Michael E. Ziebel
- Department
of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Youn Jue Bae
- Department
of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell
University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
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2
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Serha RO, Voronov AA, Schmoll D, Verba R, Levchenko KO, Koraltan S, Davídková K, Budinská B, Wang Q, Dobrovolskiy OV, Urbánek M, Lindner M, Reimann T, Dubs C, Gonzalez-Ballestero C, Abert C, Suess D, Bozhko DA, Knauer S, Chumak AV. Magnetic anisotropy and GGG substrate stray field in YIG films down to millikelvin temperatures. NPJ SPINTRONICS 2024; 2:29. [PMID: 38966324 PMCID: PMC11219280 DOI: 10.1038/s44306-024-00030-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024]
Abstract
Quantum magnonics investigates the quantum-mechanical properties of magnons, such as quantum coherence or entanglement for solid-state quantum information technologies at the nanoscale. The most promising material for quantum magnonics is the ferrimagnetic yttrium iron garnet (YIG), which hosts magnons with the longest lifetimes. YIG films of the highest quality are grown on a paramagnetic gadolinium gallium garnet (GGG) substrate. The literature has reported that ferromagnetic resonance (FMR) frequencies of YIG/GGG decrease at temperatures below 50 K despite the increase in YIG magnetization. We investigated a 97 nm-thick YIG film grown on 500 μm-thick GGG substrate through a series of experiments conducted at temperatures as low as 30 mK, and using both analytical and numerical methods. Our findings suggest that the primary factor contributing to the FMR frequency shift is the stray magnetic field created by the partially magnetized GGG substrate. This stray field is antiparallel to the applied external field and is highly inhomogeneous, reaching up to 40 mT in the center of the sample. At temperatures below 500 mK, the GGG field exhibits a saturation that cannot be described by the standard Brillouin function for a paramagnet. Including the calculated GGG field in the analysis of the FMR frequency versus temperature dependence allowed the determination of the cubic and uniaxial anisotropies. We find that the total crystallographic anisotropy increases more than three times with the decrease in temperature down to 2 K. Our findings enable accurate predictions of the YIG/GGG magnetic systems behavior at low and ultralow millikelvin temperatures, crucial for developing quantum magnonic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rostyslav O. Serha
- Faculty of Physics, University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
- Vienna Doctoral School in Physics, University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Andrey A. Voronov
- Faculty of Physics, University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
- Vienna Doctoral School in Physics, University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - David Schmoll
- Faculty of Physics, University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
- Vienna Doctoral School in Physics, University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | | | | | - Sabri Koraltan
- Faculty of Physics, University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
- Vienna Doctoral School in Physics, University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
- Research Platform MMM Mathematics - Magnetism - Materials, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Kristýna Davídková
- Faculty of Physics, University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
- Vienna Doctoral School in Physics, University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Barbora Budinská
- Faculty of Physics, University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
- Vienna Doctoral School in Physics, University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Qi Wang
- Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | | | - Michal Urbánek
- CEITEC BUT, Brno University of Technology, 61200 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Morris Lindner
- INNOVENT e.V. Technologieentwicklung, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Timmy Reimann
- INNOVENT e.V. Technologieentwicklung, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Carsten Dubs
- INNOVENT e.V. Technologieentwicklung, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | | | - Claas Abert
- Faculty of Physics, University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
- Research Platform MMM Mathematics - Magnetism - Materials, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Dieter Suess
- Faculty of Physics, University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
- Research Platform MMM Mathematics - Magnetism - Materials, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Dmytro A. Bozhko
- Department of Physics and Energy Science, University of Colorado Colorado Springs, Colorado Springs, CO 80918 USA
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3
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Flebus B, Grundler D, Rana B, Otani Y, Barsukov I, Barman A, Gubbiotti G, Landeros P, Akerman J, Ebels U, Pirro P, Demidov VE, Schultheiss K, Csaba G, Wang Q, Ciubotaru F, Nikonov DE, Che P, Hertel R, Ono T, Afanasiev D, Mentink J, Rasing T, Hillebrands B, Kusminskiy SV, Zhang W, Du CR, Finco A, van der Sar T, Luo YK, Shiota Y, Sklenar J, Yu T, Rao J. The 2024 magnonics roadmap. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2024; 36:363501. [PMID: 38565125 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/ad399c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Magnonicsis a research field that has gained an increasing interest in both the fundamental and applied sciences in recent years. This field aims to explore and functionalize collective spin excitations in magnetically ordered materials for modern information technologies, sensing applications and advanced computational schemes. Spin waves, also known as magnons, carry spin angular momenta that allow for the transmission, storage and processing of information without moving charges. In integrated circuits, magnons enable on-chip data processing at ultrahigh frequencies without the Joule heating, which currently limits clock frequencies in conventional data processors to a few GHz. Recent developments in the field indicate that functional magnonic building blocks for in-memory computation, neural networks and Ising machines are within reach. At the same time, the miniaturization of magnonic circuits advances continuously as the synergy of materials science, electrical engineering and nanotechnology allows for novel on-chip excitation and detection schemes. Such circuits can already enable magnon wavelengths of 50 nm at microwave frequencies in a 5G frequency band. Research into non-charge-based technologies is urgently needed in view of the rapid growth of machine learning and artificial intelligence applications, which consume substantial energy when implemented on conventional data processing units. In its first part, the 2024 Magnonics Roadmap provides an update on the recent developments and achievements in the field of nano-magnonics while defining its future avenues and challenges. In its second part, the Roadmap addresses the rapidly growing research endeavors on hybrid structures and magnonics-enabled quantum engineering. We anticipate that these directions will continue to attract researchers to the field and, in addition to showcasing intriguing science, will enable unprecedented functionalities that enhance the efficiency of alternative information technologies and computational schemes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benedetta Flebus
- Department of Physics, Boston College, 140 Commonwealth Avenue, Chestnut Hill, MA 02467, United States of America
| | - Dirk Grundler
- Laboratory of Nanoscale Magnetic Materials and Magnonics, Institute of Materials (IMX), Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne 1015, Switzerland
- Institute of Electrical and Micro Engineering (IEM), EPFL, Lausanne 1015, Switzerland
| | - Bivas Rana
- Institute of Spintronics and Quantum Information (ISQI), Faculty of Physics, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, Poland
| | - YoshiChika Otani
- Center for Emergent Matter Science, RIKEN, Wako, Japan
- Institute for Solid State Physics (ISSP), University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Japan
| | - Igor Barsukov
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Riverside, United States of America
| | - Anjan Barman
- S N Bose National Centre for Basic Sciences, Salt Lake, Sector III, Kolkata, India
| | | | - Pedro Landeros
- Universidad Técnica Federico Santa María, Av. España 1680, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Johan Akerman
- Department of Physics, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Ursula Ebels
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CEA, CNRS, Grenoble-INP, SPINTEC, Grenoble 38000, France
| | - Philipp Pirro
- Fachbereich Physik and Landesforschungszentrum OPTIMAS, RPTU Kaiserslautern-Landau, Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | | | | | - Gyorgy Csaba
- Pázmány Péter Catholic University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Qi Wang
- School of Physics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, People's Republic of China
| | | | - Dmitri E Nikonov
- Components Research, Intel Corp., Hillsboro, OR 97124, United States of America
| | - Ping Che
- Laboratoire Albert Fert, CNRS, Thales, Université Paris-Saclay, Palaiseau 91767, France
| | - Riccardo Hertel
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, Institut de Physique et Chimie des Matériaux de Strasbourg, Strasbourg 67000, France
| | - Teruo Ono
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Center for Spintronics Research Network, Kyoto University, Uji, Japan
| | - Dmytro Afanasiev
- Radboud University, Institute for Molecules and Materials, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Johan Mentink
- Radboud University, Institute for Molecules and Materials, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Theo Rasing
- Radboud University, Institute for Molecules and Materials, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Burkard Hillebrands
- Fachbereich Physik and Landesforschungszentrum OPTIMAS, RPTU Kaiserslautern-Landau, Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Silvia Viola Kusminskiy
- RWTH Aachen University, Aachen and Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Light, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Wei Zhang
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, United States of America
| | - Chunhui Rita Du
- School of Physics, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, United States of America
| | - Aurore Finco
- Laboratoire Charles Coulomb, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, Montpellier 34095, France
| | - Toeno van der Sar
- Department of Quantum Nanoscience, Kavli Institute of Nanoscience, Delft University of Technology, Lorentzweg 1, Delft 2628 CJ, The Netherlands
| | - Yunqiu Kelly Luo
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, United States of America
- Kavli Institute at Cornell, Ithaca, NY 14853, United States of America
| | - Yoichi Shiota
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Gokasho, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
| | - Joseph Sklenar
- Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, United States of America
| | - Tao Yu
- School of Physics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinwei Rao
- ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
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4
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Kumar R, Srivastav SK, Roy U, Park J, Spånslätt C, Watanabe K, Taniguchi T, Gefen Y, Mirlin AD, Das A. Electrical noise spectroscopy of magnons in a quantum Hall ferromagnet. Nat Commun 2024; 15:4998. [PMID: 38866830 PMCID: PMC11169481 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-49446-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Collective spin-wave excitations, magnons, are promising quasi-particles for next-generation spintronics devices, including platforms for information transfer. In a quantum Hall ferromagnets, detection of these charge-neutral excitations relies on the conversion of magnons into electrical signals in the form of excess electrons and holes, but if the excess electron and holes are equal, detecting an electrical signal is challenging. In this work, we overcome this shortcoming by measuring the electrical noise generated by magnons. We use the symmetry-broken quantum Hall ferromagnet of the zeroth Landau level in graphene to launch magnons. Absorption of these magnons creates excess noise above the Zeeman energy and remains finite even when the average electrical signal is zero. Moreover, we formulate a theoretical model in which the noise is produced by equilibration between edge channels and propagating magnons. Our model also allows us to pinpoint the regime of ballistic magnon transport in our device.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravi Kumar
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560012, India
| | | | - Ujjal Roy
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560012, India
| | - Jinhong Park
- Institute for Quantum Materials and Technologies, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76021, Karlsruhe, Germany
- Institut für Theorie der Kondensierten Materie, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76128, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Christian Spånslätt
- Department of Microtechnology and Nanoscience (MC2), Chalmers University of Technology, S-412 96, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - K Watanabe
- National Institute of Material Science, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, 305-0044, Japan
| | - T Taniguchi
- National Institute of Material Science, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, 305-0044, Japan
| | - Yuval Gefen
- Department of Condensed Matter Physics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 76100, Israel
| | - Alexander D Mirlin
- Institute for Quantum Materials and Technologies, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76021, Karlsruhe, Germany
- Institut für Theorie der Kondensierten Materie, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76128, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Anindya Das
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560012, India.
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5
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Cleland AY, Wollack EA, Safavi-Naeini AH. Studying phonon coherence with a quantum sensor. Nat Commun 2024; 15:4979. [PMID: 38862502 PMCID: PMC11167028 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-48306-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Nanomechanical oscillators offer numerous advantages for quantum technologies. Their integration with superconducting qubits shows promise for hardware-efficient quantum error-correction protocols involving superpositions of mechanical coherent states. Limitations of this approach include mechanical decoherence processes, particularly two-level system (TLS) defects, which have been widely studied using classical fields and detectors. In this manuscript, we use a superconducting qubit as a quantum sensor to perform phonon number-resolved measurements on a piezoelectrically coupled phononic crystal cavity. This enables a high-resolution study of mechanical dissipation and dephasing in coherent states of variable size (n ¯ ≃ 1 - 10 phonons). We observe nonexponential relaxation and state size-dependent reduction of the dephasing rate, which we attribute to TLS. Using a numerical model, we reproduce the dissipation signatures (and to a lesser extent, the dephasing signatures) via emission into a small ensemble (N = 5) of rapidly dephasing TLS. Our findings comprise a detailed examination of TLS-induced phonon decoherence in the quantum regime.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnetta Y Cleland
- Department of Applied Physics and Ginzton Laboratory, Stanford University 348 Via Pueblo Mall, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - E Alex Wollack
- Department of Applied Physics and Ginzton Laboratory, Stanford University 348 Via Pueblo Mall, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Amir H Safavi-Naeini
- Department of Applied Physics and Ginzton Laboratory, Stanford University 348 Via Pueblo Mall, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.
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6
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Di K, Wang X, Xia H, Zhao Y, Liu Y, Cheng A, Du J. Macroscopic entanglement between ferrimagnetic magnons and atoms via crossed optical cavities. OPTICS LETTERS 2024; 49:2878-2881. [PMID: 38824282 DOI: 10.1364/ol.520039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/03/2024]
Abstract
We consider a two-dimensional opto-magnomechanical (OMM) system including two optical cavity modes, a magnon mode, a phonon mode, and a collection of two-level atoms. We show how the stationary entanglement between two-level atoms and magnons can be achieved. The presence of two optical cavities leads the atom-magnon entanglement to be achieved in a wide parameter regime. Furthermore, it is shown that one optical cavity can get entangled with magnons, phonons, and the other optical cavity. The entanglement is robust against thermal noise. The work may find applications in building hybrid quantum networks and quantum information processing.
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7
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Bayati S, Bagheri Harouni M, Mahdifar A. Magnomechanically induced transparency and tunable slow-fast light via a levitated micromagnet. OPTICS EXPRESS 2024; 32:14914-14928. [PMID: 38859155 DOI: 10.1364/oe.515093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024]
Abstract
In this paper, we theoretically investigate the magnomechanically induced transparency (MIT) phenomenon and slow-fast light propagation in a microwave cavity-magnomechanical system which includes a levitated ferromagnetic sphere. Magnetic dipole interaction determines the interaction between the photon, magnon, and center of mass motion of the cavity-magnomechanical system. As a result, we find that apart from coupling strength, which has an important role in MIT, the levitated ferromagnetic sphere's position provides us a parameter to manipulate the width of the transparency window. In addition, the control field's frequency has crucial influences on the MIT. Also this hybrid magnonic system allows us to demonstrate MIT in both the strong coupling and intermediate coupling regimes. More interestingly, we demonstrate tunable slow and fast light in this hybrid magnonic system. In other words, we show that the group delay can be adjusted by varying the control field's frequency, the sphere position, and the magnon-photon coupling strength. These parameters have an influence on the transformation from slow to fast light propagation and vice versa. Based on the recent experimental advancements, our results provide the possibility to engineer hybrid magnonic systems with levitated particles for the light propagation, and the quantum measurements and sensing of physical quantities.
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8
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Wang YY, Wang YX, van Geldern S, Connolly T, Clerk AA, Wang C. Dispersive nonreciprocity between a qubit and a cavity. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2024; 10:eadj8796. [PMID: 38630825 PMCID: PMC11023507 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adj8796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
The dispersive interaction between a qubit and a cavity is ubiquitous in circuit and cavity quantum electrodynamics. It describes the frequency shift of one quantum mode in response to excitations in the other and, in closed systems, is necessarily bidirectional, i.e., reciprocal. Here, we present an experimental study of a nonreciprocal dispersive-type interaction between a transmon qubit and a superconducting cavity, arising from a common coupling to dissipative intermediary modes with broken time reversal symmetry. We characterize the qubit-cavity dynamics, including asymmetric frequency pulls and photon shot noise dephasing, under varying degrees of nonreciprocity by tuning the magnetic field bias of a ferrite component in situ. We introduce a general master equation model for nonreciprocal interactions in the dispersive regime, providing a compact description of the observed qubit-cavity dynamics agnostic to the intermediary system. Our result provides an example of quantum nonreciprocal phenomena beyond the typical paradigms of non-Hermitian Hamiltonians and cascaded systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Ying Wang
- Department of Physics, University of Massachusetts-Amherst, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - Yu-Xin Wang
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Sean van Geldern
- Department of Physics, University of Massachusetts-Amherst, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - Thomas Connolly
- Department of Physics, University of Massachusetts-Amherst, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - Aashish A. Clerk
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Chen Wang
- Department of Physics, University of Massachusetts-Amherst, Amherst, MA, USA
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9
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Xu X, Zhang Y, Tang J, Chen P, Zeng L, Xia Z, Xing W, Zhou Q, Wang Y, Song H, Guo G, Deng G. Optomechanical Microwave-to-Optical Photon Transducer Chips: Empowering the Quantum Internet Revolution. MICROMACHINES 2024; 15:485. [PMID: 38675296 PMCID: PMC11052314 DOI: 10.3390/mi15040485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2024] [Revised: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
The first quantum revolution has brought us the classical Internet and information technology. Today, as technology advances rapidly, the second quantum revolution quietly arrives, with a crucial moment for quantum technology to establish large-scale quantum networks. However, solid-state quantum bits (such as superconducting and semiconductor qubits) typically operate in the microwave frequency range, making it challenging to transmit signals over long distances. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop quantum transducer chips capable of converting microwaves into optical photons in the communication band, since the thermal noise of optical photons at room temperature is negligible, rendering them an ideal information carrier for large-scale spatial communication. Such devices are important for connecting different physical platforms and efficiently transmitting quantum information. This paper focuses on the fast-developing field of optomechanical quantum transducers, which has flourished over the past decade, yielding numerous advanced achievements. We categorize transducers based on various mechanical resonators and discuss their principles of operation and their achievements. Based on existing research on optomechanical transducers, we compare the parameters of several mechanical resonators and analyze their advantages and limitations, as well as provide prospects for the future development of quantum transducers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyao Xu
- Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Sciences, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China; (X.X.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Yifei Zhang
- Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Sciences, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China; (X.X.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Jindao Tang
- Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Sciences, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China; (X.X.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Peiqin Chen
- Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Sciences, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China; (X.X.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Liping Zeng
- Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Sciences, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China; (X.X.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Ziwei Xia
- Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Sciences, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China; (X.X.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Wenbo Xing
- Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Sciences, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China; (X.X.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Qiang Zhou
- Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Sciences, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China; (X.X.); (Y.Z.)
- Key Laboratory of Quantum Physics and Photonic Quantum Information, Ministry of Education, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China
| | - You Wang
- Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Sciences, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China; (X.X.); (Y.Z.)
- Southwest Institute of Technical Physics, Chengdu 610054, China
| | - Haizhi Song
- Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Sciences, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China; (X.X.); (Y.Z.)
- Southwest Institute of Technical Physics, Chengdu 610054, China
| | - Guangcan Guo
- Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Sciences, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China; (X.X.); (Y.Z.)
- CAS Key Laboratory of Quantum Information, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Guangwei Deng
- Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Sciences, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China; (X.X.); (Y.Z.)
- Key Laboratory of Quantum Physics and Photonic Quantum Information, Ministry of Education, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China
- Institute of Electronics and Information Industry Technology of Kash, Kash 844000, China
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10
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Bejarano M, Goncalves FJT, Hache T, Hollenbach M, Heins C, Hula T, Körber L, Heinze J, Berencén Y, Helm M, Fassbender J, Astakhov GV, Schultheiss H. Parametric magnon transduction to spin qubits. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2024; 10:eadi2042. [PMID: 38507479 PMCID: PMC10954226 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adi2042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
The integration of heterogeneous modular units for building large-scale quantum networks requires engineering mechanisms that allow suitable transduction of quantum information. Magnon-based transducers are especially attractive due to their wide range of interactions and rich nonlinear dynamics, but most of the work to date has focused on linear magnon transduction in the traditional system composed of yttrium iron garnet and diamond, two materials with difficult integrability into wafer-scale quantum circuits. In this work, we present a different approach by using wafer-compatible materials to engineer a hybrid transducer that exploits magnon nonlinearities in a magnetic microdisc to address quantum spin defects in silicon carbide. The resulting interaction scheme points to the unique transduction behavior that can be obtained when complementing quantum systems with nonlinear magnonics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mauricio Bejarano
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute for Ion Beam Physics and Materials Research, 01328 Dresden, Germany
- Faculty of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Technical University of Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - Francisco J. T. Goncalves
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute for Ion Beam Physics and Materials Research, 01328 Dresden, Germany
| | - Toni Hache
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute for Ion Beam Physics and Materials Research, 01328 Dresden, Germany
- Max Planck Institute for Solid State Research, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Michael Hollenbach
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute for Ion Beam Physics and Materials Research, 01328 Dresden, Germany
- Faculty of Physics, Technical University of Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - Christopher Heins
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute for Ion Beam Physics and Materials Research, 01328 Dresden, Germany
| | - Tobias Hula
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute for Ion Beam Physics and Materials Research, 01328 Dresden, Germany
- Institute of Physics, Technical University of Chemnitz, 09107 Chemnitz, Germany
| | - Lukas Körber
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute for Ion Beam Physics and Materials Research, 01328 Dresden, Germany
- Faculty of Physics, Technical University of Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - Jakob Heinze
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute for Ion Beam Physics and Materials Research, 01328 Dresden, Germany
| | - Yonder Berencén
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute for Ion Beam Physics and Materials Research, 01328 Dresden, Germany
| | - Manfred Helm
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute for Ion Beam Physics and Materials Research, 01328 Dresden, Germany
- Faculty of Physics, Technical University of Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - Jürgen Fassbender
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute for Ion Beam Physics and Materials Research, 01328 Dresden, Germany
- Faculty of Physics, Technical University of Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - Georgy V. Astakhov
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute for Ion Beam Physics and Materials Research, 01328 Dresden, Germany
| | - Helmut Schultheiss
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute for Ion Beam Physics and Materials Research, 01328 Dresden, Germany
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11
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Xu J, Zhong C, Zhuang S, Qian C, Jiang Y, Pishehvar A, Han X, Jin D, Jornet JM, Zhen B, Hu J, Jiang L, Zhang X. Slow-Wave Hybrid Magnonics. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2024; 132:116701. [PMID: 38563939 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.132.116701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Revised: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Cavity magnonics is an emerging research area focusing on the coupling between magnons and photons. Despite its great potential for coherent information processing, it has been long restricted by the narrow interaction bandwidth. In this Letter, we theoretically propose and experimentally demonstrate a novel approach to achieve broadband photon-magnon coupling by adopting slow waves on engineered microwave waveguides. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time that slow wave is combined with hybrid magnonics. Its unique properties promise great potentials for both fundamental research and practical applications, for instance, by deepening our understanding of the light-matter interaction in the slow wave regime and providing high-efficiency spin wave transducers. The device concept can be extended to other systems such as optomagnonics and magnomechanics, opening up new directions for hybrid magnonics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Xu
- Center for Nanoscale Materials, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - Changchun Zhong
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
| | - Shihao Zhuang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - Chen Qian
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Yu Jiang
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Amin Pishehvar
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Xu Han
- Center for Nanoscale Materials, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - Dafei Jin
- Center for Nanoscale Materials, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, USA
| | - Josep M Jornet
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Bo Zhen
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Jiamian Hu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - Liang Jiang
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
| | - Xufeng Zhang
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
- Department of Physics, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
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12
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Wang Y, Zhang Y, Li C, Wei J, He B, Xu H, Xia J, Luo X, Li J, Dong J, He W, Yan Z, Yang W, Ma F, Chai G, Yan P, Wan C, Han X, Yu G. Ultrastrong to nearly deep-strong magnon-magnon coupling with a high degree of freedom in synthetic antiferromagnets. Nat Commun 2024; 15:2077. [PMID: 38453947 PMCID: PMC10920873 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-46474-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Ultrastrong and deep-strong coupling are two coupling regimes rich in intriguing physical phenomena. Recently, hybrid magnonic systems have emerged as promising candidates for exploring these regimes, owing to their unique advantages in quantum engineering. However, because of the relatively weak coupling between magnons and other quasiparticles, ultrastrong coupling is predominantly realized at cryogenic temperatures, while deep-strong coupling remains to be explored. In our work, we achieve both theoretical and experimental realization of room-temperature ultrastrong magnon-magnon coupling in synthetic antiferromagnets with intrinsic asymmetry of magnetic anisotropy. Unlike most ultrastrong coupling systems, where the counter-rotating coupling strength g2 is strictly equal to the co-rotating coupling strength g1, our systems allow for highly tunable g1 and g2. This high degree of freedom also enables the realization of normalized g1 or g2 larger than 0.5. Particularly, our experimental findings reveal that the maximum observed g1 is nearly identical to the bare frequency, with g1/ω0 = 0.963, indicating a close realization of deep-strong coupling within our hybrid magnonic systems. Our results highlight synthetic antiferromagnets as platforms for exploring unconventional ultrastrong and even deep-strong coupling regimes, facilitating the further exploration of quantum phenomena.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqiang Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Opto-Electronic Technology, School of Physics and Technology, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210046, China
| | - Chaozhong Li
- Key Laboratory for Magnetism and Magnetic Materials of the Ministry of Education, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Jinwu Wei
- Key Laboratory for Magnetism and Magnetic Materials of the Ministry of Education, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Bin He
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Hongjun Xu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Dongguan, Guangdong, 523808, China
| | - Jihao Xia
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xuming Luo
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Jiahui Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Jing Dong
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Dongguan, Guangdong, 523808, China
| | - Wenqing He
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Zhengren Yan
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Wenlong Yang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Fusheng Ma
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Opto-Electronic Technology, School of Physics and Technology, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210046, China.
| | - Guozhi Chai
- Key Laboratory for Magnetism and Magnetic Materials of the Ministry of Education, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Peng Yan
- School of Electronic Science and Engineering and State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Films and Integrated Devices, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054, China
| | - Caihua Wan
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xiufeng Han
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
- Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Dongguan, Guangdong, 523808, China
| | - Guoqiang Yu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China.
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
- Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Dongguan, Guangdong, 523808, China.
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13
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Feygenson M, Huang Z, Xiao Y, Teng X, Lohstroh W, Nandakumaran N, Neuefeind JC, Everett M, Podlesnyak AA, Salazar-Alvarez G, Ulusoy S, Valvo M, Su Y, Ehlert S, Qdemat A, Ganeva M, Zhang L, Aronson MC. Probing spin waves in Co 3O 4 nanoparticles for magnonics applications. NANOSCALE 2024; 16:1291-1303. [PMID: 38131194 DOI: 10.1039/d3nr04424f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
The magnetic properties of spinel nanoparticles can be controlled by synthesizing particles of a specific shape and size. The synthesized nanorods, nanodots and cubic nanoparticles have different crystal planes selectively exposed on the surface. The surface effects on the static magnetic properties are well documented, while their influence on spin waves dispersion is still being debated. Our ability to manipulate spin waves using surface and defect engineering in magnetic nanoparticles is the key to designing magnonic devices. We synthesized cubic and spherical nanoparticles of a classical antiferromagnetic material Co3O4 to study the shape and size effects on their static and dynamic magnetic proprieties. Using a combination of experimental methods, we probed the magnetic and crystal structures of our samples and directly measured spin wave dispersions using inelastic neutron scattering. We found a weak, but unquestionable, increase in exchange interactions for the cubic nanoparticles as compared to spherical nanoparticle and bulk powder reference samples. Interestingly, the exchange interactions in spherical nanoparticles have bulk-like properties, despite a ferromagnetic contribution from canted surface spins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikhail Feygenson
- European Spallation Source ERIC, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden.
- Jülich Centre for Neutron Science (JCNS-1) at Forschungszentrum Jülich, D-52425 Jülich, Germany
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Uppsala University, Box 35, 751 03, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Zhongyuan Huang
- School of Advanced Materials, Peking University, Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Yinguo Xiao
- School of Advanced Materials, Peking University, Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Xiaowei Teng
- Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Department of Chemical Engineering, Worcester 01609, USA
| | - Wiebke Lohstroh
- Heinz Maier-Leibnitz Zentrum (MLZ), Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstr. 1, 8574 Garching, Germany
| | - Nileena Nandakumaran
- Jülich Centre for Neutron Science (JCNS-2) and Peter Grünberg Institute (PGI-4), Jülich GmbH, 52425, Jülich, Germany
| | - Jörg C Neuefeind
- Neutron Scattering Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA
| | - Michelle Everett
- Neutron Scattering Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA
| | - Andrey A Podlesnyak
- Neutron Scattering Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA
| | - Germán Salazar-Alvarez
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Uppsala University, Box 35, 751 03, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Seda Ulusoy
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Uppsala University, Box 35, 751 03, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Mario Valvo
- Department of Chemistry, Uppsala University, 75121 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Yixi Su
- Jülich Centre for Neutron Science (JCNS-4) at Heinz Maier-Leibnitz-Zentrum (MLZ), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Lichtenbergstr. 1, 85747 Garching, Germany
| | - Sascha Ehlert
- Jülich Centre for Neutron Science (JCNS-1) at Forschungszentrum Jülich, D-52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Asma Qdemat
- Jülich Centre for Neutron Science (JCNS-2) and Peter Grünberg Institute (PGI-4), Jülich GmbH, 52425, Jülich, Germany
| | - Marina Ganeva
- Jülich Centre for Neutron Science (JCNS-4) at Heinz Maier-Leibnitz-Zentrum (MLZ), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Lichtenbergstr. 1, 85747 Garching, Germany
| | - Lihua Zhang
- Center for Functional Nanomaterials, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973-5000, USA
| | - Meigan C Aronson
- Stewart Blusson Quantum Matter Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
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14
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Ueda H, Mankowsky R, Paris E, Sander M, Deng Y, Liu B, Leroy L, Nag A, Skoropata E, Wang C, Ukleev V, Perren GS, Dössegger J, Gurung S, Svetina C, Abreu E, Savoini M, Kimura T, Patthey L, Razzoli E, Lemke HT, Johnson SL, Staub U. Non-equilibrium dynamics of spin-lattice coupling. Nat Commun 2023; 14:7778. [PMID: 38012165 PMCID: PMC10681982 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-43581-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Quantifying the dynamics of normal modes and how they interact with other excitations is of central importance in condensed matter. Spin-lattice coupling is relevant to several sub-fields of condensed matter physics; examples include spintronics, high-Tc superconductivity, and topological materials. However, experimental approaches that can directly measure it are rare and incomplete. Here we use time-resolved X-ray diffraction to directly access the ultrafast motion of atoms and spins following the coherent excitation of an electromagnon in a multiferroic hexaferrite. One striking outcome is the different phase shifts relative to the driving field of the two different components. This phase shift provides insight into the excitation process of such a coupled mode. This direct observation of combined lattice and magnetization dynamics paves the way to access the mode-selective spin-lattice coupling strength, which remains a missing fundamental parameter for ultrafast control of magnetism and is relevant to a wide variety of materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Ueda
- SwissFEL, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232, Villigen-PSI, Switzerland.
- Swiss Light Source, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232, Villigen-PSI, Switzerland.
| | - Roman Mankowsky
- SwissFEL, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232, Villigen-PSI, Switzerland
| | - Eugenio Paris
- SwissFEL, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232, Villigen-PSI, Switzerland
| | - Mathias Sander
- SwissFEL, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232, Villigen-PSI, Switzerland
| | - Yunpei Deng
- SwissFEL, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232, Villigen-PSI, Switzerland
| | - Biaolong Liu
- SwissFEL, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232, Villigen-PSI, Switzerland
| | - Ludmila Leroy
- Swiss Light Source, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232, Villigen-PSI, Switzerland
| | - Abhishek Nag
- SwissFEL, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232, Villigen-PSI, Switzerland
| | - Elizabeth Skoropata
- Swiss Light Source, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232, Villigen-PSI, Switzerland
| | - Chennan Wang
- Départment de Physique and Fribourg Center for Nanomaterials, Université de Fribourg, 1700, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Victor Ukleev
- Swiss Light Source, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232, Villigen-PSI, Switzerland
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie, Albert-Einstein-Straße 15, 12489, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Janine Dössegger
- Institute for Quantum Electronics, Physics Department, ETH Zurich, 8093, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Sabina Gurung
- Institute for Quantum Electronics, Physics Department, ETH Zurich, 8093, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Cristian Svetina
- SwissFEL, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232, Villigen-PSI, Switzerland
- Madrid Institute for Advanced Studies, IMDEA Nanociencia, Ciudad Universitaria de Cantoblanco, Calle Faraday 9, Madrid, 28049, Spain
| | - Elsa Abreu
- Institute for Quantum Electronics, Physics Department, ETH Zurich, 8093, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Matteo Savoini
- Institute for Quantum Electronics, Physics Department, ETH Zurich, 8093, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Tsuyoshi Kimura
- Department of Advanced Materials Science, University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba, 277-8561, Japan
| | - Luc Patthey
- SwissFEL, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232, Villigen-PSI, Switzerland
| | - Elia Razzoli
- SwissFEL, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232, Villigen-PSI, Switzerland
| | | | - Steven Lee Johnson
- SwissFEL, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232, Villigen-PSI, Switzerland
- Institute for Quantum Electronics, Physics Department, ETH Zurich, 8093, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Urs Staub
- Swiss Light Source, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232, Villigen-PSI, Switzerland.
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15
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Rao J, Wang CY, Yao B, Chen ZJ, Zhao KX, Lu W. Meterscale Strong Coupling between Magnons and Photons. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2023; 131:106702. [PMID: 37739385 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.131.106702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 09/24/2023]
Abstract
We experimentally realize a meterscale strong coupling effect between magnons and photons at room temperature, with a coherent coupling of ∼20 m and a dissipative coupling of ∼7.6 m. To this end, we integrate a saturable gain into a microwave cavity and then couple this active cavity to a magnon mode via a long coaxial cable. The gain compensates for the cavity dissipation, but preserves the cavity radiation that mediates the indirect photon-magnon coupling. It thus enables the long-range strong photon-magnon coupling. With full access to traveling waves, we demonstrate a remote control of photon-magnon coupling by modulating the phase and amplitude of traveling waves, rather than reconfiguring subsystems themselves. Our method for realizing long-range strong coupling in cavity magnonics provides a general idea for other physical systems. Our experimental achievements may promote the construction of information networks based on cavity magnonics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinwei Rao
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - C Y Wang
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Bimu Yao
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
- State Key Laboratory of Infrared Physics, Shanghai Institute of Technical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200083, China
| | - Z J Chen
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - K X Zhao
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Wei Lu
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
- State Key Laboratory of Infrared Physics, Shanghai Institute of Technical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200083, China
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16
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Fang Y, Zhong W, Cheng G, Chen A. Magnon-photon cross-correlations via optical nonlinearity in cavity magnonical system. OPTICS EXPRESS 2023; 31:27381-27392. [PMID: 37710815 DOI: 10.1364/oe.495476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
We propose an alternative scheme to achieve the cross-correlations between magnon and photon in a hybrid nonlinear system including two microwave cavities and one yttrium iron garnet (YIG) sphere, where two cavities nonlinearly interact and meanwhile one of cavities couples to magnon representing the collective excitation in YIG sphere via magnetic dipole interaction. Based on dispersive couplings between two cavities and between one cavity and magnon with the larger detunings, the nonlinear interaction occurs between the other cavity and magnon, which plays a crucial role in generating quantum correlations. By analyzing the second-order correlation functions via numerical simulations and analytical calculations, the remarkable nonclassical correlations are existent in such a system, where the magnon blockade and photon antibunching could be obtainable on demand. The scheme we present is focused on the magnon-photon cross-correlations in the weak coupling regime and relaxes the requirements of experimental conditions, which may have potential applications in quantum information processing in the hybrid system.
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17
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Ghasemian E. Dissipative dynamics of optomagnonic nonclassical features via anti-Stokes optical pulses: squeezing, blockade, anti-correlation, and entanglement. Sci Rep 2023; 13:12757. [PMID: 37550430 PMCID: PMC10406899 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-39822-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/09/2023] Open
Abstract
We propose a feasible experimental model to investigate the generation and characterization of nonclassical states in a cavity optomagnonic system consisting of a ferromagnetic YIG sphere that simultaneously supports both the magnon mode and two whispering gallery modes of optical photons. The photons undergo the magnon-induced Brillouin light scattering, which is a well-established tool for the cavity-assisted manipulations of magnons as well as magnon spintronics. At first, we derive the desired interaction Hamiltonian under the influence of the anti-Stokes scattering process and then proceed to analyze the dynamical evolution of quantum statistics of photons and magnons as well as their intermodal entanglement. The results show that both photons and magnons generally acquire some nonclassical features, e.g., the strong antibunching and anti-correlation. Interestingly, the system may experience the perfect photon and magnon blockade phenomena, simultaneously. Besides, the nonclassical features may be protected against the unwanted environmental effects for a relatively long time, especially, in the weak driving field regime and when the system is initiated with a small number of particles. However, it should be noted that some fast quantum-classical transitions may occur in-between. Although the unwanted dissipative effects plague the nonclassical features, we show that this system can be adopted to prepare optomagnonic entangled states. The generation of entangled states depends on the initial state of the system and the interaction regime. The intermodal photon-magnon entanglement may be generated and pronounced, especially, if the system is initialized with low intensity even Schrödinger cat state in the strong coupling regime. The cavity-assisted manipulation of magnons is a unique and flexible mechanism that allows an interesting test bed for investigating the interdisciplinary contexts involving quantum optics and spintronics. Moreover, such a hybrid optomagnonic system may be used to design both on-demand single-photon and single-magnon sources and may find potential applications in quantum information processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Ghasemian
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Intelligent Systems Engineering and Data Science, Persian Gulf University, Bushehr, Iran.
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18
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Navarathna A, Bennett JS, Bowen WP. Continuous Optical-to-Mechanical Quantum State Transfer in the Unresolved Sideband Regime. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2023; 130:263603. [PMID: 37450795 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.130.263603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Optical-to-mechanical quantum state transfer is an important capability for future quantum networks, quantum communication, and distributed quantum sensing. However, existing continuous state transfer protocols operate in the resolved sideband regime, necessitating a high-quality optical cavity and a high mechanical resonance frequency. Here, we propose a continuous protocol that operates in the unresolved sideband regime. The protocol is based on feedback cooling, can be implemented with current technology, and is able to transfer non-Gaussian quantum states with high fidelity. Our protocol significantly expands the kinds of optomechanical devices for which continuous optical-to-mechanical state transfer is possible, paving the way toward quantum technological applications and the preparation of macroscopic superpositions to test the fundamentals of quantum science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy Navarathna
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Engineered Quantum Systems, St Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
- School of Mathematics and Physics, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - James S Bennett
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Engineered Quantum Systems, St Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
- School of Mathematics and Physics, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
- Centre for Quantum Dynamics, Griffith University, Nathan, Queensland 4222, Australia
| | - Warwick P Bowen
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Engineered Quantum Systems, St Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
- School of Mathematics and Physics, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
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19
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Guo S, Russell D, Lanier J, Da H, Hammel PC, Yang F. Strong on-Chip Microwave Photon-Magnon Coupling Using Ultralow-Damping Epitaxial Y 3Fe 5O 12 Films at 2 K. NANO LETTERS 2023. [PMID: 37235476 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c00959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Y3Fe5O12 is arguably the best magnetic material for magnonic quantum information science (QIS) because of its extremely low damping. We report ultralow damping at 2 K in epitaxial Y3Fe5O12 thin films grown on a diamagnetic Y3Sc2Ga3O12 substrate that contains no rare-earth elements. Using these ultralow damping YIG films, we demonstrate for the first time strong coupling between magnons in patterned YIG thin films and microwave photons in a superconducting Nb resonator. This result paves the road toward scalable hybrid quantum systems that integrate superconducting microwave resonators, YIG film magnon conduits, and superconducting qubits into on-chip QIS devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Side Guo
- Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States of America
| | - Daniel Russell
- Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States of America
| | - Joseph Lanier
- Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States of America
| | - Haotian Da
- Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States of America
| | - P Chris Hammel
- Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States of America
| | - Fengyuan Yang
- Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States of America
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20
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Xu D, Gu XK, Li HK, Weng YC, Wang YP, Li J, Wang H, Zhu SY, You JQ. Quantum Control of a Single Magnon in a Macroscopic Spin System. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2023; 130:193603. [PMID: 37243655 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.130.193603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Nonclassical quantum states are the pivotal features of a quantum system that differs from its classical counterpart. However, the generation and coherent control of quantum states in a macroscopic spin system remain an outstanding challenge. Here we experimentally demonstrate the quantum control of a single magnon in a macroscopic spin system (i.e., 1 mm-diameter yttrium-iron-garnet sphere) coupled to a superconducting qubit via a microwave cavity. By tuning the qubit frequency in situ via the Autler-Townes effect, we manipulate this single magnon to generate its nonclassical quantum states, including the single-magnon state and the superposition of single-magnon state and vacuum (zero magnon) state. Moreover, we confirm the deterministic generation of these nonclassical states by Wigner tomography. Our experiment offers the first reported deterministic generation of the nonclassical quantum states in a macroscopic spin system and paves a way to explore its promising applications in quantum engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da Xu
- Interdisciplinary Center of Quantum Information, State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation and Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Quantum Technology and Device, School of Physics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Xu-Ke Gu
- Interdisciplinary Center of Quantum Information, State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation and Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Quantum Technology and Device, School of Physics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - He-Kang Li
- Interdisciplinary Center of Quantum Information, State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation and Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Quantum Technology and Device, School of Physics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Yuan-Chao Weng
- Interdisciplinary Center of Quantum Information, State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation and Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Quantum Technology and Device, School of Physics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Yi-Pu Wang
- Interdisciplinary Center of Quantum Information, State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation and Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Quantum Technology and Device, School of Physics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Jie Li
- Interdisciplinary Center of Quantum Information, State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation and Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Quantum Technology and Device, School of Physics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - H Wang
- Interdisciplinary Center of Quantum Information, State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation and Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Quantum Technology and Device, School of Physics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
- Hefei National Laboratory, Hefei 230088, China
| | - Shi-Yao Zhu
- Interdisciplinary Center of Quantum Information, State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation and Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Quantum Technology and Device, School of Physics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
- Hefei National Laboratory, Hefei 230088, China
| | - J Q You
- Interdisciplinary Center of Quantum Information, State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation and Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Quantum Technology and Device, School of Physics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
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21
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Yao B, Gui YS, Rao JW, Zhang YH, Lu W, Hu CM. Coherent Microwave Emission of Gain-Driven Polaritons. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2023; 130:146702. [PMID: 37084460 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.130.146702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
By developing a gain-embedded cavity magnonics platform, we create a gain-driven polariton (GDP) that is activated by an amplified electromagnetic field. Distinct effects of gain-driven light-matter interaction, such as polariton auto-oscillations, polariton phase singularity, self-selection of a polariton bright mode, and gain-induced magnon-photon synchronization, are theoretically studied and experimentally manifested. Utilizing the gain-sustained photon coherence of the GDP, we demonstrate polariton-based coherent microwave amplification (∼40 dB) and achieve high-quality coherent microwave emission (Q>10^{9}).
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Affiliation(s)
- Bimu Yao
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, R3T 2N2, Canada
- State Key Laboratory of Infrared Physics, Shanghai Institute of Technical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200083, China
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Y S Gui
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - J W Rao
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, R3T 2N2, Canada
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Y H Zhang
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Wei Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Infrared Physics, Shanghai Institute of Technical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200083, China
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - C-M Hu
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, R3T 2N2, Canada
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22
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Zheng Y, Song X, Fredj Z, Bian S, Sawan M. Challenges and perspectives of multi-virus biosensing techniques: A review. Anal Chim Acta 2023; 1244:340860. [PMID: 36737150 PMCID: PMC9868144 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2023.340860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
In the context of globalization, individuals have an increased chance of being infected by multiple viruses simultaneously, thereby highlighting the importance of developing multiplexed devices. In addition to sufficient sensitivity and rapid response, multi-virus sensing techniques are expected to offer additional advantages including high throughput, one-time sampling for parallel analysis, and full automation with data visualization. In this paper, we review the optical, electrochemical, and mechanical platforms that enable multi-virus biosensing. The working mechanisms of each platform, including the detection principle, transducer configuration, bio-interface design, and detected signals, are reviewed. The advantages and limitations, as well as the challenges in implementing various detection strategies in real-life scenarios, were evaluated. Future perspectives on multiplexed biosensing techniques are critically discussed. Earlier access to multi-virus biosensors will efficiently serve for immediate pandemic control, such as in emerging SARS-CoV-2 and monkeypox cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqiao Zheng
- Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang, China,Research Center for Industries of the Future, Westlake University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310030, China
| | - Xixi Song
- Research Center for Industries of the Future, Westlake University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310030, China
| | - Zina Fredj
- Research Center for Industries of the Future, Westlake University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310030, China
| | - Sumin Bian
- Research Center for Industries of the Future, Westlake University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310030, China.
| | - Mohamad Sawan
- Research Center for Industries of the Future, Westlake University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310030, China.
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23
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Hei XL, Li PB, Pan XF, Nori F. Enhanced Tripartite Interactions in Spin-Magnon-Mechanical Hybrid Systems. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2023; 130:073602. [PMID: 36867822 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.130.073602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Coherent tripartite interactions among degrees of freedom of completely different nature are instrumental for quantum information and simulation technologies, but they are generally difficult to realize and remain largely unexplored. Here, we predict a tripartite coupling mechanism in a hybrid setup comprising a single nitrogen-vacancy (NV) center and a micromagnet. We propose to realize direct and strong tripartite interactions among single NV spins, magnons, and phonons via modulating the relative motion between the NV center and the micromagnet. Specifically, by introducing a parametric drive (two-phonon drive) to modulate the mechanical motion (such as the center-of-mass motion of a NV spin in diamond trapped in an electrical trap or a levitated micromagnet in a magnetic trap), we can obtain a tunable and strong spin-magnon-phonon coupling at the single quantum level, with up to 2 orders of magnitude enhancement for the tripartite coupling strength. This enables, for example, tripartite entanglement among solid-state spins, magnons, and mechanical motions in quantum spin-magnonics-mechanics with realistic experimental parameters. This protocol can be readily implemented with the well-developed techniques in ion traps or magnetic traps and could pave the way for general applications in quantum simulations and information processing based on directly and strongly coupled tripartite systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Lei Hei
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Nonequilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter, Shaanxi Province Key Laboratory of Quantum Information and Quantum Optoelectronic Devices, School of Physics, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Peng-Bo Li
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Nonequilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter, Shaanxi Province Key Laboratory of Quantum Information and Quantum Optoelectronic Devices, School of Physics, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
- Theoretical Quantum Physics Laboratory, RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research, Wako-shi, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Xue-Feng Pan
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Nonequilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter, Shaanxi Province Key Laboratory of Quantum Information and Quantum Optoelectronic Devices, School of Physics, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Franco Nori
- Theoretical Quantum Physics Laboratory, RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research, Wako-shi, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
- RIKEN Center for Quantum Computing (RQC), 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako-shi, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
- Physics Department, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1040, USA
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24
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Sheng L, Elyasi M, Chen J, He W, Wang Y, Wang H, Feng H, Zhang Y, Medlej I, Liu S, Jiang W, Han X, Yu D, Ansermet JP, Bauer GEW, Yu H. Nonlocal Detection of Interlayer Three-Magnon Coupling. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2023; 130:046701. [PMID: 36763421 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.130.046701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Revised: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
A leading nonlinear effect in magnonics is the interaction that splits a high-frequency magnon into two low-frequency magnons with conserved linear momentum. Here, we report experimental observation of nonlocal three-magnon scattering between spatially separated magnetic systems, viz. a CoFeB nanowire and a yttrium iron garnet (YIG) thin film. Above a certain threshold power of an applied microwave field, a CoFeB Kittel magnon splits into a pair of counterpropagating YIG magnons that induce voltage signals in Pt electrodes on each side, in excellent agreement with model calculations based on the interlayer dipolar interaction. The excited YIG magnon pairs reside mainly in the first excited (n=1) perpendicular standing spin-wave mode. With increasing power, the n=1 magnons successively scatter into nodeless (n=0) magnons through a four-magnon process. Our results demonstrate nonlocal detection of two separately propagating magnons emerging from one common source that may enable quantum entanglement between distant magnons for quantum information applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lutong Sheng
- Fert Beijing Institute, MIIT Key Laboratory of Spintronics, School of Integrated Circuit Science and Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Mehrdad Elyasi
- WPI Advanced Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan
| | - Jilei Chen
- Shenzhen Institute for Quantum Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
- International Quantum Academy, Shenzhen 518048, China
| | - Wenqing He
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Yizhan Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Hanchen Wang
- Fert Beijing Institute, MIIT Key Laboratory of Spintronics, School of Integrated Circuit Science and Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
- International Quantum Academy, Shenzhen 518048, China
| | - Hongmei Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Quantum Physics and Department of Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Israa Medlej
- Shenzhen Institute for Quantum Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
- International Quantum Academy, Shenzhen 518048, China
| | - Song Liu
- Shenzhen Institute for Quantum Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
- International Quantum Academy, Shenzhen 518048, China
| | - Wanjun Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Quantum Physics and Department of Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Xiufeng Han
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Dapeng Yu
- Shenzhen Institute for Quantum Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
- International Quantum Academy, Shenzhen 518048, China
| | - Jean-Philippe Ansermet
- Shenzhen Institute for Quantum Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Institute of Physics, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Gerrit E W Bauer
- WPI Advanced Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan
- Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan
- Center for Spintronics Research Network, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan
- Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, 9747 AG Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Haiming Yu
- Fert Beijing Institute, MIIT Key Laboratory of Spintronics, School of Integrated Circuit Science and Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
- International Quantum Academy, Shenzhen 518048, China
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25
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Rao JW, Yao B, Wang CY, Zhang C, Yu T, Lu W. Unveiling a Pump-Induced Magnon Mode via Its Strong Interaction with Walker Modes. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2023; 130:046705. [PMID: 36763434 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.130.046705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Revised: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
We observe a power-dependent anticrossing of Walker spin-wave modes under microwave pumping when a ferrimagnet is placed in a microwave waveguide that does not support any discrete photon mode. We interpret this unexpected anticrossing as the generation of a pump-induced magnon mode that couples strongly to the Walker modes of the ferrimagnet. This anticrossing inherits an excellent tunability from the pump, which allows us to control the anticrossing via the pump power, frequency, and waveform. Further, we realize a remarkable functionality of this anticrossing, namely, a microwave frequency comb, in terms of the nonlinear interaction that mixes the pump and probe frequencies. Such a frequency comb originates from the magnetic dynamics and thereby does not suffer from the charge noise. The unveiled hybrid magnonics driven away from its equilibrium enriches the utilization of anticrossing for coherent information processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- J W Rao
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Bimu Yao
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
- State Key Laboratory of Infrared Physics, Shanghai Institute of Technical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200083, China
| | - C Y Wang
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - C Zhang
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Tao Yu
- School of Physics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Wei Lu
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
- State Key Laboratory of Infrared Physics, Shanghai Institute of Technical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200083, China
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26
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Shen Z, Xu GT, Zhang M, Zhang YL, Wang Y, Chai CZ, Zou CL, Guo GC, Dong CH. Coherent Coupling between Phonons, Magnons, and Photons. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2022; 129:243601. [PMID: 36563280 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.129.243601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Revised: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Mechanical degrees of freedom, which have often been overlooked in various quantum systems, have been studied for applications ranging from quantum information processing to sensing. Here, we develop a hybrid platform consisting of a magnomechanical cavity and an optomechanical cavity, which are coherently coupled by the straightway physical contact. The phonons in the system can be manipulated either with the magnetostrictive interaction or optically through the radiation pressure. Together with mechanical state preparation and sensitive readout, we demonstrate the microwave-to-optical conversion with an ultrawide tuning range up to 3 GHz. In addition, we observe a mechanical motion interference effect, in which the optically driven mechanical motion is canceled by the microwave-driven coherent motion. Manipulating mechanical oscillators with equal facility through both magnonic and photonic channels enables new architectures for signal transduction between the optical, microwave, mechanical, and magnetic fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Shen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Quantum Information, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - Guan-Ting Xu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Quantum Information, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - Mai Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Quantum Information, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan-Lei Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Quantum Information, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Quantum Information, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - Cheng-Zhe Chai
- Yongjiang Laboratory (Y-LAB), Ningbo, Zhejiang 315202 People's Republic of China
| | - Chang-Ling Zou
- CAS Key Laboratory of Quantum Information, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, People's Republic of China
- Hefei National Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230088, People's Republic of China
| | - Guang-Can Guo
- CAS Key Laboratory of Quantum Information, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, People's Republic of China
- Hefei National Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230088, People's Republic of China
| | - Chun-Hua Dong
- CAS Key Laboratory of Quantum Information, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, People's Republic of China
- Hefei National Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230088, People's Republic of China
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27
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Alotaibi MF, Khalil EM, Abd-Rabbou MY, Marin M. The Classicality and Quantumness of the Driven Qubit–Photon–Magnon System. MATHEMATICS 2022; 10:4458. [DOI: 10.3390/math10234458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
The hybrid architecture of the driven qubit–photon–magnon system has recently emerged as a promising candidate for novel quantum technologies. In this paper, we introduce the effective wave-function of a superconducting single qubit and a magnon mode contained within a cavity resonator and an external field. The non-classicality of the magnon and resonator modes are investigated by using the negative values of the Wigner function. Additionally, we discuss the non-classicality of the qubit state via the Wigner–Yanase skew information. We find that the mixture angle of the qubit–resonator plays a controllable role in non-classicality. However, the strength of the magnon–photon increases the non-classical behaviour of the system.
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28
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Andersen AL, Mølmer K. Quantum Nondemolition Measurements of Moving Target States. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2022; 129:120402. [PMID: 36179166 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.129.120402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
We present a protocol for probing the state of a quantum system by its resonant coupling and entanglement with a meter system. By continuous measurement of a time evolving meter observable, we infer the evolution of the entangled systems and, ultimately, the state and dynamics of the system of interest. The photon number in a cavity field is thus resolved by simulated monitoring of the Rabi oscillations of a resonantly coupled two-level system, and we propose to regard this as a practical extension of quantum nondemolition measurements with applications in quantum metrology and quantum computing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anton L Andersen
- Center for Complex Quantum Systems, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Aarhus University, Ny Munkegade 120, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Klaus Mølmer
- Aarhus Institute of Advanced Studies, Aarhus University, Høegh-Guldbergs Gade 6B, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark and Center for Complex Quantum Systems, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Aarhus University, Ny Munkegade 120, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
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29
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Kong D, Xu J, Gong C, Wang F, Hu X. Magnon-atom-optical photon entanglement via the microwave photon-mediated Raman interaction. OPTICS EXPRESS 2022; 30:34998-35013. [PMID: 36242502 DOI: 10.1364/oe.468400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
We show that it is possible to generate magnon-atom-optical photon tripartite entanglement via the microwave photon-mediated Raman interaction. Magnons in a macroscopic ferromagnet and optical photons in a cavity are induced into a Raman interaction with an atomic spin ensemble when a microwave field couples the magnons to one Raman wing. The controllable magnon-atom entanglement, magnon-optical photon entanglement, and even genuine magnon-atom-optical photon tripartite entanglement can be generated simultaneously. In addition, these bipartite and tripartite entanglements are robust against the environment temperature. Our scheme paves the way for exploring a quantum interface bridging the microwave and optical domains, and may provide a promising building block for hybrid quantum networks.
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30
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Ryu H, Kang JH. Devitalizing noise-driven instability of entangling logic in silicon devices with bias controls. Sci Rep 2022; 12:15200. [PMID: 36071130 PMCID: PMC9452571 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-19404-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The quality of quantum bits (qubits) in silicon is highly vulnerable to charge noise that is omnipresent in semiconductor devices and is in principle hard to be suppressed. For a realistically sized quantum dot system based on a silicon-germanium heterostructure whose confinement is manipulated with electrical biases imposed on top electrodes, we computationally explore the noise-robustness of 2-qubit entangling operations with a focus on the controlled-X (CNOT) logic that is essential for designs of gate-based universal quantum logic circuits. With device simulations based on the physics of bulk semiconductors augmented with electronic structure calculations, we not only quantify the degradation in fidelity of single-step CNOT operations with respect to the strength of charge noise, but also discuss a strategy of device engineering that can significantly enhance noise-robustness of CNOT operations with almost no sacrifice of speed compared to the single-step case. Details of device designs and controls that this work presents can establish practical guideline for potential efforts to secure silicon-based quantum processors using an electrode-driven quantum dot platform.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hoon Ryu
- Korea Institute of Science and Technology Information, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea.
| | - Ji-Hoon Kang
- Korea Institute of Science and Technology Information, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
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31
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Exciton-coupled coherent magnons in a 2D semiconductor. Nature 2022; 609:282-286. [PMID: 36071189 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-022-05024-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The recent discoveries of two-dimensional (2D) magnets1-6 and their stacking into van der Waals structures7-11 have expanded the horizon of 2D phenomena. One exciting application is to exploit coherent magnons12 as energy-efficient information carriers in spintronics and magnonics13,14 or as interconnects in hybrid quantum systems15-17. A particular opportunity arises when a 2D magnet is also a semiconductor, as reported recently for CrSBr (refs. 18-20) and NiPS3 (refs. 21-23) that feature both tightly bound excitons with a large oscillator strength and potentially long-lived coherent magnons owing to the bandgap and spatial confinement. Although magnons and excitons are energetically mismatched by orders of magnitude, their coupling can lead to efficient optical access to spin information. Here we report strong magnon-exciton coupling in the 2D A-type antiferromagnetic semiconductor CrSBr. Coherent magnons launched by above-gap excitation modulate the exciton energies. Time-resolved exciton sensing reveals magnons that can coherently travel beyond seven micrometres, with a coherence time of above five nanoseconds. We observe these exciton-coupled coherent magnons in both even and odd numbers of layers, with and without compensated magnetization, down to the bilayer limit. Given the versatility of van der Waals heterostructures, these coherent 2D magnons may be a basis for optically accessible spintronics, magnonics and quantum interconnects.
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32
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Kounalakis M, Bauer GEW, Blanter YM. Analog Quantum Control of Magnonic Cat States on a Chip by a Superconducting Qubit. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2022; 129:037205. [PMID: 35905351 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.129.037205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
We propose to directly and quantum-coherently couple a superconducting transmon qubit to magnons-the quanta of the collective spin excitations, in a nearby magnetic particle. The magnet's stray field couples to the qubit via a superconducting quantum interference device. We predict a resonant magnon-qubit exchange and a nonlinear radiation-pressure interaction that are both stronger than dissipation rates and tunable by an external flux bias. We additionally demonstrate a quantum control scheme that generates magnon-qubit entanglement and magnonic Schrödinger cat states with high fidelity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marios Kounalakis
- Kavli Institute of Nanoscience, Delft University of Technology, 2628 CJ Delft, Netherlands
| | - Gerrit E W Bauer
- Kavli Institute of Nanoscience, Delft University of Technology, 2628 CJ Delft, Netherlands
- WPI-AIMR, Tohoku University, 2-1-1, Katahira, Sendai 980-8577, Japan
- Kavli Institute for Theoretical Sciences, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100190 Beijing, China
| | - Yaroslav M Blanter
- Kavli Institute of Nanoscience, Delft University of Technology, 2628 CJ Delft, Netherlands
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33
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Quantum state preparation and tomography of entangled mechanical resonators. Nature 2022; 604:463-467. [PMID: 35444325 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-022-04500-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Precisely engineered mechanical oscillators keep time, filter signals and sense motion, making them an indispensable part of the technological landscape of today. These unique capabilities motivate bringing mechanical devices into the quantum domain by interfacing them with engineered quantum circuits. Proposals to combine microwave-frequency mechanical resonators with superconducting devices suggest the possibility of powerful quantum acoustic processors1-3. Meanwhile, experiments in several mechanical systems have demonstrated quantum state control and readout4,5, phonon number resolution6,7 and phonon-mediated qubit-qubit interactions8,9. At present, these acoustic platforms lack processors capable of controlling the quantum states of several mechanical oscillators with a single qubit and the rapid quantum non-demolition measurements of mechanical states needed for error correction. Here we use a superconducting qubit to control and read out the quantum state of a pair of nanomechanical resonators. Our device is capable of fast qubit-mechanics swap operations, which we use to deterministically manipulate the mechanical states. By placing the qubit into the strong dispersive regime with both mechanical resonators simultaneously, we determine the phonon number distributions of the resonators by means of Ramsey measurements. Finally, we present quantum tomography of the prepared nonclassical and entangled mechanical states. Our result represents a concrete step towards feedback-based operation of a quantum acoustic processor.
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34
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Li Y, Yefremenko VG, Lisovenko M, Trevillian C, Polakovic T, Cecil TW, Barry PS, Pearson J, Divan R, Tyberkevych V, Chang CL, Welp U, Kwok WK, Novosad V. Coherent Coupling of Two Remote Magnonic Resonators Mediated by Superconducting Circuits. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2022; 128:047701. [PMID: 35148146 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.128.047701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate microwave-mediated distant magnon-magnon coupling on a superconducting circuit platform, incorporating chip-mounted single-crystal Y_{3}Fe_{5}O_{12} (YIG) spheres. Coherent level repulsion and dissipative level attraction between the magnon modes of the two YIG spheres are demonstrated. The former is mediated by cavity photons of a superconducting resonator, and the latter is mediated by propagating photons of a coplanar waveguide. Our results open new avenues toward exploring integrated hybrid magnonic networks for coherent information processing on a quantum-compatible superconducting platform.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Li
- Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, USA
| | | | - Marharyta Lisovenko
- High Energy Physics Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - Cody Trevillian
- Department of Physics, Oakland University, Rochester, Michigan 48309, USA
| | - Tomas Polakovic
- Physics Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - Thomas W Cecil
- High Energy Physics Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - Peter S Barry
- High Energy Physics Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - John Pearson
- Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - Ralu Divan
- Center for Nanoscale Materials, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - Vasyl Tyberkevych
- Department of Physics, Oakland University, Rochester, Michigan 48309, USA
| | - Clarence L Chang
- High Energy Physics Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - Ulrich Welp
- Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - Wai-Kwong Kwok
- Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - Valentine Novosad
- Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, USA
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35
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Heinrich AJ, Oliver WD, Vandersypen LMK, Ardavan A, Sessoli R, Loss D, Jayich AB, Fernandez-Rossier J, Laucht A, Morello A. Quantum-coherent nanoscience. NATURE NANOTECHNOLOGY 2021; 16:1318-1329. [PMID: 34845333 DOI: 10.1038/s41565-021-00994-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
For the past three decades nanoscience has widely affected many areas in physics, chemistry and engineering, and has led to numerous fundamental discoveries, as well as applications and products. Concurrently, quantum science and technology has developed into a cross-disciplinary research endeavour connecting these same areas and holds burgeoning commercial promise. Although quantum physics dictates the behaviour of nanoscale objects, quantum coherence, which is central to quantum information, communication and sensing, has not played an explicit role in much of nanoscience. This Review describes fundamental principles and practical applications of quantum coherence in nanoscale systems, a research area we call quantum-coherent nanoscience. We structure this Review according to specific degrees of freedom that can be quantum-coherently controlled in a given nanoscale system, such as charge, spin, mechanical motion and photons. We review the current state of the art and focus on outstanding challenges and opportunities unlocked by the merging of nanoscience and coherent quantum operations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas J Heinrich
- Center for Quantum Nanoscience (QNS), Institute for Basic Science, Seoul, Korea.
- Physics Department, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Korea.
| | - William D Oliver
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, and Department of Physics, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Lincoln Laboratory, MIT, Lexington, MA, USA
| | | | - Arzhang Ardavan
- CAESR, The Clarendon Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Roberta Sessoli
- Department of Chemistry 'U. Schiff' & INSTM, University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Daniel Loss
- Department of Physics, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Joaquin Fernandez-Rossier
- QuantaLab, International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory (INL), Braga, Portugal
- Departamento de Física Aplicada, Universidad de Alicante, Alicante, Spain
| | - Arne Laucht
- School of Electrical Engineering and Telecommunications, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Andrea Morello
- School of Electrical Engineering and Telecommunications, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
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36
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Shen RC, Wang YP, Li J, Zhu SY, Agarwal GS, You JQ. Long-Time Memory and Ternary Logic Gate Using a Multistable Cavity Magnonic System. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2021; 127:183202. [PMID: 34767406 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.127.183202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Multistability is an extraordinary nonlinear property of dynamical systems and can be explored to implement memory and switches. Here we experimentally realize the tristability in a three-mode cavity magnonic system with Kerr nonlinearity. The three stable states in the tristable region correspond to the stable solutions of the frequency shift of the cavity magnon polariton under specific driving conditions. We find that the system staying in which stable state depends on the history experienced by the system, and this state can be harnessed to store the history information. In our experiment, the memory time can reach as long as 5.11 s. Moreover, we demonstrate the ternary logic gate with good on-off characteristics using this multistable hybrid system. Our new findings pave a way towards cavity magnonics-based information storage and processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui-Chang Shen
- Interdisciplinary Center of Quantum Information, State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, and Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Quantum Technology and Device, Department of Physics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Yi-Pu Wang
- Interdisciplinary Center of Quantum Information, State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, and Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Quantum Technology and Device, Department of Physics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Jie Li
- Interdisciplinary Center of Quantum Information, State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, and Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Quantum Technology and Device, Department of Physics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Shi-Yao Zhu
- Interdisciplinary Center of Quantum Information, State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, and Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Quantum Technology and Device, Department of Physics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - G S Agarwal
- Institute for Quantum Science and Engineering and Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, and Department of Physics and Astronomy, Texas AM University, College Station, Texas 77843, USA
| | - J Q You
- Interdisciplinary Center of Quantum Information, State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, and Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Quantum Technology and Device, Department of Physics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
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37
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Sun FX, Zheng SS, Xiao Y, Gong Q, He Q, Xia K. Remote Generation of Magnon Schrödinger Cat State via Magnon-Photon Entanglement. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2021; 127:087203. [PMID: 34477416 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.127.087203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Revised: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The magnon cat state represents a macroscopic quantum superposition of collective magnetic excitations of large number spins that not only provides fundamental tests of macroscopic quantum effects but also finds applications in quantum metrology and quantum computation. In particular, remote generation and manipulation of Schrödinger cat states are particularly interesting for the development of long-distance and large-scale quantum information processing. Here, we propose an approach to remotely prepare magnon even or odd cat states by performing local non-Gaussian operations on the optical mode that is entangled with the magnon mode through pulsed optomagnonic interaction. By evaluating key properties of the resulting cat states, we show that for experimentally feasible parameters, they are generated with both high fidelity and nonclassicality, as well as with a size large enough to be useful for quantum technologies. Furthermore, the effects of experimental imperfections such as the error of projective measurements and dark count when performing single-photon operations have been discussed, where the lifetime of the created magnon cat states is expected to be t∼1 μs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng-Xiao Sun
- State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics, School of Physics, Frontiers Science Center for Nano-Optoelectronics, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, China
| | - Sha-Sha Zheng
- State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics, School of Physics, Frontiers Science Center for Nano-Optoelectronics, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, China
| | - Yang Xiao
- Department of Applied Physics, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 210016, China
| | - Qihuang Gong
- State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics, School of Physics, Frontiers Science Center for Nano-Optoelectronics, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, China
- Yangtze Delta Institute of Optoelectronics, Peking University, Nantong 226010, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qiongyi He
- State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics, School of Physics, Frontiers Science Center for Nano-Optoelectronics, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, China
- Yangtze Delta Institute of Optoelectronics, Peking University, Nantong 226010, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ke Xia
- Beijing Computational Science Research Center, Beijing 100193, China
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38
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Psaroudaki C, Panagopoulos C. Skyrmion Qubits: A New Class of Quantum Logic Elements Based on Nanoscale Magnetization. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2021; 127:067201. [PMID: 34420323 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.127.067201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
We introduce a new class of primitive building blocks for realizing quantum logic elements based on nanoscale magnetization textures called skyrmions. In a skyrmion qubit, information is stored in the quantum degree of helicity, and the logical states can be adjusted by electric and magnetic fields, offering a rich operation regime with high anharmonicity. By exploring a large parameter space, we propose two skyrmion qubit variants depending on their quantized state. We discuss appropriate microwave pulses required to generate single-qubit gates for quantum computing, and skyrmion multiqubit schemes for a scalable architecture with tailored couplings. Scalability, controllability by microwave fields, operation time scales, and readout by nonvolatile techniques converge to make the skyrmion qubit highly attractive as a logical element of a quantum processor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Psaroudaki
- Department of Physics and Institute for Quantum Information and Matter, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
- Institute for Theoretical Physics, University of Cologne, D-50937 Cologne, Germany
| | - Christos Panagopoulos
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link 637371, Singapore
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Barman A, Gubbiotti G, Ladak S, Adeyeye AO, Krawczyk M, Gräfe J, Adelmann C, Cotofana S, Naeemi A, Vasyuchka VI, Hillebrands B, Nikitov SA, Yu H, Grundler D, Sadovnikov AV, Grachev AA, Sheshukova SE, Duquesne JY, Marangolo M, Csaba G, Porod W, Demidov VE, Urazhdin S, Demokritov SO, Albisetti E, Petti D, Bertacco R, Schultheiss H, Kruglyak VV, Poimanov VD, Sahoo S, Sinha J, Yang H, Münzenberg M, Moriyama T, Mizukami S, Landeros P, Gallardo RA, Carlotti G, Kim JV, Stamps RL, Camley RE, Rana B, Otani Y, Yu W, Yu T, Bauer GEW, Back C, Uhrig GS, Dobrovolskiy OV, Budinska B, Qin H, van Dijken S, Chumak AV, Khitun A, Nikonov DE, Young IA, Zingsem BW, Winklhofer M. The 2021 Magnonics Roadmap. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2021; 33:413001. [PMID: 33662946 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/abec1a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Magnonics is a budding research field in nanomagnetism and nanoscience that addresses the use of spin waves (magnons) to transmit, store, and process information. The rapid advancements of this field during last one decade in terms of upsurge in research papers, review articles, citations, proposals of devices as well as introduction of new sub-topics prompted us to present the first roadmap on magnonics. This is a collection of 22 sections written by leading experts in this field who review and discuss the current status besides presenting their vision of future perspectives. Today, the principal challenges in applied magnonics are the excitation of sub-100 nm wavelength magnons, their manipulation on the nanoscale and the creation of sub-micrometre devices using low-Gilbert damping magnetic materials and its interconnections to standard electronics. To this end, magnonics offers lower energy consumption, easier integrability and compatibility with CMOS structure, reprogrammability, shorter wavelength, smaller device features, anisotropic properties, negative group velocity, non-reciprocity and efficient tunability by various external stimuli to name a few. Hence, despite being a young research field, magnonics has come a long way since its early inception. This roadmap asserts a milestone for future emerging research directions in magnonics, and hopefully, it will inspire a series of exciting new articles on the same topic in the coming years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anjan Barman
- Department of Condensed Matter Physics and Material Sciences, S N Bose National Centre for Basic Sciences, Salt Lake, Kolkata 700106, India
| | - Gianluca Gubbiotti
- Istituto Officina dei Materiali del Consiglio nazionale delle Ricerche (IOM-CNR), Perugia, Italy
| | - S Ladak
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Cardiff University, United Kingdom
| | - A O Adeyeye
- Department of Physics, University of Durham, United Kingdom
| | - M Krawczyk
- Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznan, Poland
| | - J Gräfe
- Max Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems, Stuttgart, Germany
| | | | - S Cotofana
- Delft University of Technology, The Netherlands
| | - A Naeemi
- Georgia Institute of Technology, United States of America
| | - V I Vasyuchka
- Department of Physics and State Research Center OPTIMAS, Technische Universität Kaiserslautern (TUK), Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - B Hillebrands
- Department of Physics and State Research Center OPTIMAS, Technische Universität Kaiserslautern (TUK), Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - S A Nikitov
- Kotelnikov Institute of Radioengineering and Electronics, Moscow, Russia
| | - H Yu
- Fert Beijing Institute, BDBC, School of Microelectronics, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Big Data and Brian Computing, Beihang University, People's Republic of China
| | - D Grundler
- Laboratory of Nanoscale Magnetic Materials and Magnonics, Institute of Materials (IMX), Institute of Electrical and Micro Engineering, School of Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Switzerland
| | - A V Sadovnikov
- Kotelnikov Institute of Radioengineering and Electronics, Moscow, Russia
- Laboratory 'Magnetic Metamaterials', Saratov State University, Saratov, Russia
| | - A A Grachev
- Kotelnikov Institute of Radioengineering and Electronics, Moscow, Russia
- Laboratory 'Magnetic Metamaterials', Saratov State University, Saratov, Russia
| | - S E Sheshukova
- Kotelnikov Institute of Radioengineering and Electronics, Moscow, Russia
- Laboratory 'Magnetic Metamaterials', Saratov State University, Saratov, Russia
| | - J-Y Duquesne
- Institut des NanoSciences de Paris, Sorbonne University, CNRS, Paris, France
| | - M Marangolo
- Institut des NanoSciences de Paris, Sorbonne University, CNRS, Paris, France
| | - G Csaba
- Pázmány University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - W Porod
- University of Notre Dame, IN, United States of America
| | - V E Demidov
- Institute for Applied Physics, University of Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - S Urazhdin
- Department of Physics, Emory University, Atlanta, United States of America
| | - S O Demokritov
- Institute for Applied Physics, University of Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | | | - D Petti
- Polytechnic University of Milan, Italy
| | | | - H Schultheiss
- Helmholtz-Center Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Ion Beam Physics and Materials Research, Germany
- Technische Universität Dresden, Germany
| | | | | | - S Sahoo
- Department of Condensed Matter Physics and Material Sciences, S N Bose National Centre for Basic Sciences, Salt Lake, Kolkata 700106, India
| | - J Sinha
- Department of Physics and Nanotechnology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, India
| | - H Yang
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - M Münzenberg
- Institute of Physics, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - T Moriyama
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Gokasho, Uji, Kyoto, Japan
- Centre for Spintronics Research Network, Japan
| | - S Mizukami
- Centre for Spintronics Research Network, Japan
- Advanced Institute for Materials Research (WPI-AIMR), Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - P Landeros
- Departamento de Física, Universidad Técnica Federico Santa María, Valparaíso, Chile
- Center for the Development of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (CEDENNA), Santiago, Chile
| | - R A Gallardo
- Departamento de Física, Universidad Técnica Federico Santa María, Valparaíso, Chile
- Center for the Development of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (CEDENNA), Santiago, Chile
| | - G Carlotti
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Geologia, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
- CNR Instituto Nanoscienze, Modena, Italy
| | - J-V Kim
- Centre for Nanosciences and Nanotechnology, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, Palaiseau, France
| | - R L Stamps
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manitoba, Canada
| | - R E Camley
- Center for Magnetism and Magnetic Nanostructures, University of Colorado, Colorado Springs, United States of America
| | | | - Y Otani
- RIKEN, Japan
- Institute for Solid State Physics (ISSP), University of Tokyo, Japan
| | - W Yu
- Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University, Sendai, 980-8577, Japan
| | - T Yu
- Max Planck Institute for the Structure and Dynamics of Matter, Hamburg, Germany
| | - G E W Bauer
- Advanced Institute for Materials Research (WPI-AIMR), Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
- Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, Groningen University, The Netherlands
| | - C Back
- Technical University Munich, Germany
| | - G S Uhrig
- Technical University Dortmund, Germany
| | | | - B Budinska
- Faculty of Physics, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - H Qin
- Department of Applied Physics, School of Science, Aalto University, Finland
| | - S van Dijken
- Department of Applied Physics, School of Science, Aalto University, Finland
| | - A V Chumak
- Faculty of Physics, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - A Khitun
- University of California Riverside, United States of America
| | - D E Nikonov
- Components Research, Intel, Hillsboro, Oregon, United States of America
| | - I A Young
- Components Research, Intel, Hillsboro, Oregon, United States of America
| | - B W Zingsem
- The University of Duisburg-Essen, CENIDE, Germany
| | - M Winklhofer
- The Carl von Ossietzky University of Oldenburg, Germany
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40
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Wang Z, Yuan HY, Cao Y, Li ZX, Duine RA, Yan P. Magnonic Frequency Comb through Nonlinear Magnon-Skyrmion Scattering. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2021; 127:037202. [PMID: 34328762 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.127.037202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
An optical frequency comb consists of a set of discrete and equally spaced frequencies and has found wide applications in the synthesis over a broad range of spectral frequencies of electromagnetic waves and precise optical frequency metrology. Despite the analogies between magnons and photons in many aspects, the analog of an optical frequency comb in magnonic systems has not been reported. Here, we theoretically study the magnon-skyrmion interaction and find that a magnonic frequency comb (MFC) can be generated above a threshold driving amplitude, where the nonlinear scattering process involving three magnons prevails. The mode spacing of the MFC is equal to the breathing-mode frequency of the skyrmion and is thus tunable by either electric or magnetic means. The theoretical prediction is verified by micromagnetic simulations, and the essential physics can be generalized to a large class of magnetic solitons. Our findings open a new pathway to observe frequency comb structures in magnonic devices that may inspire the study of fundamental nonlinear physics in spintronic platforms in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenyu Wang
- School of Electronic Science and Engineering and State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Films and Integrated Devices, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China
| | - H Y Yuan
- Institute for Theoretical Physics, Utrecht University, 3584 CC Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Yunshan Cao
- School of Electronic Science and Engineering and State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Films and Integrated Devices, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China
| | - Z-X Li
- School of Electronic Science and Engineering and State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Films and Integrated Devices, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China
| | - Rembert A Duine
- Institute for Theoretical Physics, Utrecht University, 3584 CC Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Peng Yan
- School of Electronic Science and Engineering and State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Films and Integrated Devices, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China
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41
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Merbouche H, Boventer I, Haspot V, Fusil S, Garcia V, Gouéré D, Carrétéro C, Vecchiola A, Lebrun R, Bortolotti P, Vila L, Bibes M, Barthélémy A, Anane A. Voltage-Controlled Reconfigurable Magnonic Crystal at the Sub-micrometer Scale. ACS NANO 2021; 15:9775-9781. [PMID: 34013720 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.1c00499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Multiferroics offer an elegant means to implement voltage control and on the fly reconfigurability in microscopic, nanoscaled systems based on ferromagnetic materials. These properties are particularly interesting for the field of magnonics, where spin waves are used to perform advanced logical or analogue functions. Recently, the emergence of nanomagnonics is expected to eventually lead to the large-scale integration of magnonic devices. However, a compact voltage-controlled, on demand reconfigurable magnonic system has yet to be shown. Here, we introduce the combination of multiferroics with ferromagnets in a fully epitaxial heterostructure to achieve such voltage-controlled and reconfigurable magnonic systems. Imprinting a remnant electrical polarization in thin multiferroic BiFeO3 with a periodicity of 500 nm yields a modulation of the effective magnetic field in the micrometer-scale, ferromagnetic La2/3Sr1/3MnO3 magnonic waveguide. We evidence the magnetoelectric coupling by characterizing the spin wave propagation spectrum in this artificial, voltage induced, magnonic crystal and demonstrate the occurrence of a robust magnonic band gap with >20 dB rejection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hugo Merbouche
- Unité Mixte de Physique CNRS, Thales, Université Paris-Saclay, 91767 Palaiseau, France
| | - Isabella Boventer
- Unité Mixte de Physique CNRS, Thales, Université Paris-Saclay, 91767 Palaiseau, France
| | - Victor Haspot
- Unité Mixte de Physique CNRS, Thales, Université Paris-Saclay, 91767 Palaiseau, France
| | - Stéphane Fusil
- Unité Mixte de Physique CNRS, Thales, Université Paris-Saclay, 91767 Palaiseau, France
- Université d'Evry, Université Paris-Saclay, 91000 Evry, France
| | - Vincent Garcia
- Unité Mixte de Physique CNRS, Thales, Université Paris-Saclay, 91767 Palaiseau, France
| | - Diane Gouéré
- Unité Mixte de Physique CNRS, Thales, Université Paris-Saclay, 91767 Palaiseau, France
| | - Cécile Carrétéro
- Unité Mixte de Physique CNRS, Thales, Université Paris-Saclay, 91767 Palaiseau, France
| | - Aymeric Vecchiola
- Unité Mixte de Physique CNRS, Thales, Université Paris-Saclay, 91767 Palaiseau, France
| | - Romain Lebrun
- Unité Mixte de Physique CNRS, Thales, Université Paris-Saclay, 91767 Palaiseau, France
| | - Paolo Bortolotti
- Unité Mixte de Physique CNRS, Thales, Université Paris-Saclay, 91767 Palaiseau, France
| | - Laurent Vila
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CEA, CNRS, Grenoble INP, Spintec, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Manuel Bibes
- Unité Mixte de Physique CNRS, Thales, Université Paris-Saclay, 91767 Palaiseau, France
| | - Agnès Barthélémy
- Unité Mixte de Physique CNRS, Thales, Université Paris-Saclay, 91767 Palaiseau, France
| | - Abdelmadjid Anane
- Unité Mixte de Physique CNRS, Thales, Université Paris-Saclay, 91767 Palaiseau, France
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42
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Golovchanskiy IA, Abramov NN, Stolyarov VS, Weides M, Ryazanov VV, Golubov AA, Ustinov AV, Kupriyanov MY. Ultrastrong photon-to-magnon coupling in multilayered heterostructures involving superconducting coherence via ferromagnetic layers. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2021; 7:eabe8638. [PMID: 34144980 PMCID: PMC8213224 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abe8638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The critical step for future quantum industry demands realization of efficient information exchange between different-platform hybrid systems that can harvest advantages of distinct platforms. The major restraining factor for the progress in certain hybrids is weak coupling strength between the elemental particles. In particular, this restriction impedes a promising field of hybrid magnonics. In this work, we propose an approach for realization of on-chip hybrid magnonic systems with unprecedentedly strong coupling parameters. The approach is based on multilayered microstructures containing superconducting, insulating, and ferromagnetic layers with modified photon phase velocities and magnon eigenfrequencies. The enhanced coupling strength is provided by the radically reduced photon mode volume. Study of the microscopic mechanism of the photon-to-magnon coupling evidences formation of the long-range superconducting coherence via thick strong ferromagnetic layers in superconductor/ferromagnet/superconductor trilayer in the presence of magnetization precession. This discovery offers new opportunities in microwave superconducting spintronics for quantum technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor A Golovchanskiy
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, State University, 9 Institutskiy per., Dolgoprudny, Moscow Region 141700, Russia.
- National University of Science and Technology MISIS, 4 Leninsky prosp., Moscow 119049, Russia
| | - Nikolay N Abramov
- National University of Science and Technology MISIS, 4 Leninsky prosp., Moscow 119049, Russia
| | - Vasily S Stolyarov
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, State University, 9 Institutskiy per., Dolgoprudny, Moscow Region 141700, Russia
- Dukhov Research Institute of Automatics (VNIIA), Sushchevskaya 22, Moscow 127055, Russia
| | - Martin Weides
- James Watt School of Engineering, Electronics and Nanoscale Engineering Division, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Valery V Ryazanov
- National University of Science and Technology MISIS, 4 Leninsky prosp., Moscow 119049, Russia
- Institute of Solid State Physics (ISSP RAS), Chernogolovka, Moscow Region 142432, Russia
| | - Alexander A Golubov
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, State University, 9 Institutskiy per., Dolgoprudny, Moscow Region 141700, Russia
- Faculty of Science and Technology and MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Twente, 7500 AE Enschede, Netherlands
| | - Alexey V Ustinov
- National University of Science and Technology MISIS, 4 Leninsky prosp., Moscow 119049, Russia
- Physikalisches Institut, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
- Russian Quantum Center, Skolkovo, 143025 Moscow Region, Russia
| | - Mikhail Yu Kupriyanov
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, State University, 9 Institutskiy per., Dolgoprudny, Moscow Region 141700, Russia
- Skobeltsyn Institute of Nuclear Physics, MSU, Moscow 119991, Russia
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43
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Abstract
Scalable quantum information systems would store, manipulate, and transmit quantum information locally and across a quantum network, but no single qubit technology is currently robust enough to perform all necessary tasks. Defect centers in solid-state materials have emerged as potential intermediaries between other physical manifestations of qubits, such as superconducting qubits and photonic qubits, to leverage their complementary advantages. It remains an open question, however, how to design and to control quantum interfaces to defect centers. Such interfaces would enable quantum information to be moved seamlessly between different physical systems. Understanding and constructing the required interfaces would, therefore, unlock the next big steps in quantum computing, sensing, and communications. In this Perspective, we highlight promising coupling mechanisms, including dipole-, phonon-, and magnon-mediated interactions, and discuss how contributions from nanotechnologists will be paramount in realizing quantum information processors in the near-term.
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Affiliation(s)
- Derek S Wang
- Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - Michael Haas
- Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - Prineha Narang
- Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
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44
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Xu J, Zhong C, Han X, Jin D, Jiang L, Zhang X. Coherent Gate Operations in Hybrid Magnonics. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2021; 126:207202. [PMID: 34110202 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.126.207202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Revised: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Electromagnonics-the hybridization of spin excitations and electromagnetic waves-has been recognized as a promising candidate for coherent information processing in recent years. Among its various implementations, the lack of available approaches for real-time manipulation on the system dynamics has become a common and urgent limitation. In this work, by introducing a fast and uniform modulation technique, we successfully demonstrate a series of benchmark coherent gate operations in hybrid magnonics, including semiclassical analogies of Landau-Zener transitions, Rabi oscillations, Ramsey interference, and controlled mode swap operations. Our approach lays the groundwork for dynamical manipulation of coherent signals in hybrid magnonics and can be generalized to a broad range of applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Xu
- Center for Nanoscale Materials, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - Changchun Zhong
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
| | - Xu Han
- Center for Nanoscale Materials, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - Dafei Jin
- Center for Nanoscale Materials, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - Liang Jiang
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
| | - Xufeng Zhang
- Center for Nanoscale Materials, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, USA
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45
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Etesamirad A, Rodriguez R, Bocanegra J, Verba R, Katine J, Krivorotov IN, Tyberkevych V, Ivanov B, Barsukov I. Controlling Magnon Interaction by a Nanoscale Switch. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:20288-20295. [PMID: 33885300 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c01562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The ability to control and tune magnetic dissipation is a key concept of emergent spintronic technologies. Magnon scattering processes constitute a major dissipation channel in nanomagnets, redefine their response to spin torque, and hold the promise for manipulating magnetic states on the quantum level. Controlling these processes in nanomagnets, while being imperative for spintronic applications, has remained difficult to achieve. Here, we propose an approach for controlling magnon scattering by a switch that generates nonuniform magnetic field at nanoscale. We provide an experimental demonstration in magnetic tunnel junction nanodevices, consisting of a free layer and a synthetic antiferromagnet. By triggering the spin-flop transition in the synthetic antiferromagnet and utilizing its stray field, magnon interaction in the free layer is toggled. The results open up avenues for tuning nonlinearities in magnetic neuromorphic applications and for engineering coherent magnon coupling in hybrid quantum information technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arezoo Etesamirad
- Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, California 92521, United States
| | - Rodolfo Rodriguez
- Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, California 92521, United States
| | - Joshua Bocanegra
- Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, California 92521, United States
| | | | - Jordan Katine
- Western Digital, San Jose, California 95119, United States
| | - Ilya N Krivorotov
- Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | - Vasyl Tyberkevych
- Department of Physics, Oakland University, Rochester, Michigan 48309, United States
| | | | - Igor Barsukov
- Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, California 92521, United States
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46
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Li Y, Zhao C, Amin VP, Zhang Z, Vogel M, Xiong Y, Sklenar J, Divan R, Pearson J, Stiles MD, Zhang W, Hoffmann A, Novosad V. Phase-resolved electrical detection of hybrid magnonic devices. APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS 2021; 118:10.1063/5.0042784. [PMID: 36452035 PMCID: PMC9706546 DOI: 10.1063/5.0042784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate the electrical detection of magnon-magnon hybrid dynamics in yttrium iron garnet/permalloy (YIG/Py) thin film bilayer devices. Direct microwave current injection through the conductive Py layer excites the hybrid dynamics consisting of the uniform mode of Py and the first standing spin wave (n = 1) mode of YIG, which are coupled via interfacial exchange. Both the two hybrid modes, with Py or YIG dominated excitations, can be detected via the spin rectification signals from the conductive Py layer, providing phase resolution of the coupled dynamics. The phase characterization is also applied to a nonlocally excited Py device, revealing the additional phase shift due to the perpendicular Oersted field. Our results provide a device platform for exploring hybrid magnonic dynamics and probing their phases, which are crucial for implementing coherent information processing with magnon excitations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Li
- Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL 60439, USA†
| | - Chenbo Zhao
- Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL 60439, USA†
| | - Vivek P. Amin
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
- Physical Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, USA
| | - Zhizhi Zhang
- Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL 60439, USA†
| | - Michael Vogel
- Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL 60439, USA†
- Institute of Physics and Center for Interdisciplinary Nanostructure Science and Technology (CINSaT), University of Kassel, Heinrich-Plett-Strasse 40, Kassel 34132, Germany
| | - Yuzan Xiong
- Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL 60439, USA†
- Department of Physics, Oakland University, Rochester, MI 48309, USA
| | - Joseph Sklenar
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48202, USA
| | - Ralu Divan
- Center for Nanoscale Materials, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL 60439, USA
| | - John Pearson
- Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL 60439, USA†
| | - Mark D. Stiles
- Physical Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, USA
| | - Wei Zhang
- Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL 60439, USA†
- Department of Physics, Oakland University, Rochester, MI 48309, USA
| | - Axel Hoffmann
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Valentine Novosad
- Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL 60439, USA†
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47
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Neuman T, Wang DS, Narang P. Nanomagnonic Cavities for Strong Spin-Magnon Coupling and Magnon-Mediated Spin-Spin Interactions. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2020; 125:247702. [PMID: 33412028 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.125.247702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
We present a theoretical approach to use ferromagnetic or ferrimagnetic nanoparticles as microwave nanomagnonic cavities to concentrate microwave magnetic fields into deeply subwavelength volumes ∼10^{-13} mm^{3}. We show that the field in such nanocavities can efficiently couple to isolated spin emitters (spin qubits) positioned close to the nanoparticle surface reaching the single magnon-spin strong-coupling regime and mediate efficient long-range quantum state transfers between isolated spin emitters. Nanomagnonic cavities thus pave the way toward magnon-based quantum networks and magnon-mediated quantum gates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomáš Neuman
- Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - Derek S Wang
- Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - Prineha Narang
- Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
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48
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Xu J, Zhong C, Han X, Jin D, Jiang L, Zhang X. Floquet Cavity Electromagnonics. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2020; 125:237201. [PMID: 33337181 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.125.237201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Revised: 09/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Hybrid magnonics has recently attracted intensive attention as a promising platform for coherent information processing. In spite of its rapid development, on-demand control over the interaction of magnons with other information carriers, in particular, microwave photons in electromagnonic systems, has been long missing, significantly limiting the potential broad applications of hybrid magnonics. Here, we show that, by introducing Floquet engineering into cavity electromagnonics, coherent control on the magnon-microwave photon coupling can be realized. Leveraging the periodic temporal modulation from a Floquet drive, our first-of-its-kind Floquet cavity electromagnonic system enables the manipulation of the interaction between hybridized cavity electromagnonic modes. Moreover, we have achieved a new coupling regime in such systems: the Floquet ultrastrong coupling, where the Floquet splitting is comparable with or even larger than the level spacing of the two interacting modes, beyond the conventional rotating-wave picture. Our findings open up new directions for magnon-based coherent signal processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Xu
- Center for Nanoscale Materials, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - Changchun Zhong
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
| | - Xu Han
- Center for Nanoscale Materials, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - Dafei Jin
- Center for Nanoscale Materials, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - Liang Jiang
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
| | - Xufeng Zhang
- Center for Nanoscale Materials, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, USA
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49
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Wolski SP, Lachance-Quirion D, Tabuchi Y, Kono S, Noguchi A, Usami K, Nakamura Y. Dissipation-Based Quantum Sensing of Magnons with a Superconducting Qubit. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2020; 125:117701. [PMID: 32975985 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.125.117701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Revised: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Hybrid quantum devices expand the tools and techniques available for quantum sensing in various fields. Here, we experimentally demonstrate quantum sensing of a steady-state magnon population in a magnetostatic mode of a ferrimagnetic crystal. Dispersively coupling the magnetostatic mode to a superconducting qubit allows for the detection of magnons using Ramsey interferometry with a sensitivity on the order of 10^{-3} magnons/sqrt[Hz]. The protocol is based on dissipation as dephasing via fluctuations in the magnetostatic mode reduces the qubit coherence proportionally to the number of magnons.
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Affiliation(s)
- S P Wolski
- Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology (RCAST), The University of Tokyo, Meguro, Tokyo 153-8904, Japan
| | - D Lachance-Quirion
- Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology (RCAST), The University of Tokyo, Meguro, Tokyo 153-8904, Japan
| | - Y Tabuchi
- Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology (RCAST), The University of Tokyo, Meguro, Tokyo 153-8904, Japan
| | - S Kono
- Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology (RCAST), The University of Tokyo, Meguro, Tokyo 153-8904, Japan
- Center for Emergent Matter Science (CEMS), RIKEN, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - A Noguchi
- Komaba Institute for Science (KIS), The University of Tokyo, Meguro, Tokyo 153-8902, Japan
| | - K Usami
- Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology (RCAST), The University of Tokyo, Meguro, Tokyo 153-8904, Japan
| | - Y Nakamura
- Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology (RCAST), The University of Tokyo, Meguro, Tokyo 153-8904, Japan
- Center for Emergent Matter Science (CEMS), RIKEN, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
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50
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Xiong Y, Li Y, Hammami M, Bidthanapally R, Sklenar J, Zhang X, Qu H, Srinivasan G, Pearson J, Hoffmann A, Novosad V, Zhang W. Probing magnon-magnon coupling in exchange coupled Y[Formula: see text]Fe[Formula: see text]O[Formula: see text]/Permalloy bilayers with magneto-optical effects. Sci Rep 2020; 10:12548. [PMID: 32724049 PMCID: PMC7387351 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-69364-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
We demonstrate the magnetically-induced transparency (MIT) effect in Y[Formula: see text]Fe[Formula: see text]O[Formula: see text](YIG)/Permalloy (Py) coupled bilayers. The measurement is achieved via a heterodyne detection of the coupled magnetization dynamics using a single wavelength that probes the magneto-optical Kerr and Faraday effects of Py and YIG, respectively. Clear features of the MIT effect are evident from the deeply modulated ferromagnetic resonance of Py due to the perpendicular-standing-spin-wave of YIG. We develop a phenomenological model that nicely reproduces the experimental results including the induced amplitude and phase evolution caused by the magnon-magnon coupling. Our work offers a new route towards studying phase-resolved spin dynamics and hybrid magnonic systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuzan Xiong
- Department of Physics, Oakland University, Rochester, MI 48309 USA
- Department of Electronic and Computer Engineering, Oakland University, Rochester, MI 48309 USA
| | - Yi Li
- Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL 60439 USA
| | - Mouhamad Hammami
- Department of Physics, Oakland University, Rochester, MI 48309 USA
| | | | - Joseph Sklenar
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201 USA
| | - Xufeng Zhang
- Center for Nanoscale Materials, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL 60439 USA
| | - Hongwei Qu
- Department of Electronic and Computer Engineering, Oakland University, Rochester, MI 48309 USA
| | | | - John Pearson
- Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL 60439 USA
| | - Axel Hoffmann
- Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL 60439 USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801 USA
| | - Valentine Novosad
- Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL 60439 USA
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Physics, Oakland University, Rochester, MI 48309 USA
- Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL 60439 USA
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