1
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Liu S, Liu G, Wang M, Qin L, Guo Q, Li D, Yang L, Zheng M. Free radical mechanisms of ammonium sulfate as intensively used industrial materials on suppressing organic pollutants. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 951:175644. [PMID: 39168350 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.175644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2024] [Revised: 08/15/2024] [Accepted: 08/17/2024] [Indexed: 08/23/2024]
Abstract
Organic free radicals are critical intermediates for the generation and inhibition of organic pollutants during industrial processes. Clarifying the free radical mechanism of pollutant inhibition is significant for their efficient control. Ammonium sulfate is intensively used in industrial materials to suppress organic pollutants. In this study, organic free radical intermediate species in metal-catalyzed reactions inhibited by ammonium sulfate were identified using continuous-wave electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy, providing direct evidence for the free radical mechanisms of organic pollutants inhibition. The transverse (T2) and longitudinal (T1) relaxation time variations catalyzed by different metal catalysts in the presence of ammonium sulfate were compared using pulsed-wave EPR. Consequently, after the addition of ammonium sulfate, the observed increase in T2 suggests that ammonium sulfate leads to radical concentration reduction. A decrease in the T1 relaxation time suggests the enhanced interaction between organic radicals and metals, which is an obstacle to subsequent radical reactions. Therefore, ammonium sulfate dominantly changed the free radical intermediates species, concentrations, and their reactivity, and then inhibited the organic pollutants formations. The inhibition mechanisms of ammonium sulfate on metal-catalyzed pollutants were then proposed combining EPR analysis, X-ray characterization, and high-resolution mass spectrometry screening. As a result, (1) occupying the active sites of metal catalysis and (2) inhibiting free radical intermediates are the two main intrinsic inhibition mechanisms of ammonium sulfate. The findings provide new perspectives on the efficient inhibition of organic pollutants in industrial processes involving various metal catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuting Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100080, China; College of Resource and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Guorui Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100080, China; College of Resource and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; School of Environment, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, UCAS, Hangzhou 310000, China
| | - Mingxuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100080, China; College of Resource and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Linjun Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100080, China; College of Resource and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Qingyu Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100080, China; College of Resource and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Da Li
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100080, China
| | - Lili Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100080, China; College of Resource and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Minghui Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100080, China; College of Resource and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; School of Environment, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, UCAS, Hangzhou 310000, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Fume and Dust Pollution Control, Jianghan University, Wuhan 430056, China
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2
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Tan Y, Pei M, Yang K, Zhou T, Hu A, Guo JJ. Catalytic Generation of Pyridyl Radicals via Electron Donor-Acceptor Complex Photoexcitation: Synthesis of 2-Pyridylindole-Based Heterobiaryls. Org Lett 2024; 26:8084-8089. [PMID: 39287652 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.4c02985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/19/2024]
Abstract
We report the catalytic generation of pyridyl radicals through photoexcitation of the electron donor-acceptor (EDA) complex, which enables the C2-selective heteroarylation of indole under ambient conditions. In this manifold, catalytic triarylamine and chloropyridine aggregate into an EDA complex in the presence of an inorganic base, making readily available chloropyridines good precursors for the generation of diverse pyridyl radicals. Given the broad reaction scope, this catalytic EDA complex protocol provides robust access to heterobiaryl scaffolds that are widely present in biologically important molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingfei Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, 222 South Tianshui Road, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Meiting Pei
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, 222 South Tianshui Road, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Kang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, 222 South Tianshui Road, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Tingting Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, 222 South Tianshui Road, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Anhua Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, 222 South Tianshui Road, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Jing-Jing Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, 222 South Tianshui Road, Lanzhou 730000, China
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3
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Bastick KAC, Roberts DD, Watson AJB. The current utility and future potential of multiborylated alkanes. Nat Rev Chem 2024:10.1038/s41570-024-00650-x. [PMID: 39327469 DOI: 10.1038/s41570-024-00650-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/20/2024] [Indexed: 09/28/2024]
Abstract
Organoboron chemistry has become a cornerstone of modern synthetic methodology. Most of these reactions use an organoboron starting material that contains just one C(sp2)-B or C(sp3)-B bond; however, there has been a recent and accelerating trend to prepare multiborylated alkanes that possess two or more C(sp3)-B bonds. This is despite a lack of general reactivity, meaning many of these compounds currently offer limited downstream synthetic value. This Review summarizes recent advances in the exploration of multiborylated alkanes, including a discussion on how these products may be elaborated in further synthetic manipulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kane A C Bastick
- EaStCHEM, School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, North Haugh, St Andrews, Fife, UK
| | - Dean D Roberts
- EaStCHEM, School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, North Haugh, St Andrews, Fife, UK
| | - Allan J B Watson
- EaStCHEM, School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, North Haugh, St Andrews, Fife, UK.
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4
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Zeng L, Ouyang XH, He DL, Li JH. Synthesis of Diarylalkanes by Photoreductive 1,2-Diarylation of Alkenes with Aryl Halides and Cyanoaromatics. J Org Chem 2024; 89:13641-13653. [PMID: 39235129 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.4c01830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/06/2024]
Abstract
We report a visible light-induced photoreductive strategy for three-component diarylation of alkenes with aryl halides and cyanoaromatics. Upon photoredox catalysis and with tertiary alkyl amines as the electron transfer agent, aryl halides selectively undergo halogen atom transfer to generate the aryl radicals and two C(sp2)-C(sp3) bonds between the cabron atoms are created in a radical addition and radical-radical coupling fashion to rapidly assemble diverse functionalized polyarylalkanes with high regio- and chemoselectivity. This method can be applied to broad feedstocks, including terminal alkenes, internal alkenes, aryl iodides, aryl bromides, aryl chlorides, electron-deficient benzonitriles, and isonicotinonitriles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
- State Key Laboratory Base of Eco-Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China
| | - Xuan-Hui Ouyang
- State Key Laboratory Base of Eco-Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China
| | - De-Liang He
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Jin-Heng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
- State Key Laboratory Base of Eco-Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 475004, China
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5
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Su XD, Liu Q, Cheng JT, Wang ZX, Chen XY. Near-Infrared-Light-Induced Iron(I) Dimer-Enabled Radical Cascade Reactions of Fluoroalkyl Bromides for the Synthesis of Ring-Fused Quinazolinones. Org Lett 2024; 26:7976-7980. [PMID: 39240022 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.4c03087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/07/2024]
Abstract
The use of an earth-abundant and inexpensive iron complex as a catalyst, coupled with near-infrared (NIR) light as the energy source, for radical reactions with alkyl halides has been far less developed. In this study, we report NIR light-mediated iron(I) dimer-catalyzed radical cascade reactions of fluoroalkyl bromides for the synthesis of ring-fused quinazolinones bearing a difluoromethyl group. In this process, the 3-bromo-1,10-phenanthroline ligand facilitates the reactivity of [CpFe(CO)2]2, thereby improving the efficiency of the reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Di Su
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Qiang Liu
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jin-Tang Cheng
- State Key Laboratory for Quality Ensurance and Sustainable Use of Dao-di Herbs, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Zhi-Xiang Wang
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Binzhou Institute of Technology, Weiqiao-UCAS Science and Technology Park, Binzhou, Shandong Province 256606, China
| | - Xiang-Yu Chen
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Binzhou Institute of Technology, Weiqiao-UCAS Science and Technology Park, Binzhou, Shandong Province 256606, China
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6
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Draper F, DiLuzio S, Sayre HJ, Pham LN, Coote ML, Doeven EH, Francis PS, Connell TU. Maximizing Photon-to-Electron Conversion for Atom Efficient Photoredox Catalysis. J Am Chem Soc 2024. [PMID: 39302225 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c07396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/22/2024]
Abstract
Photoredox catalysis is a powerful tool to access challenging and diverse syntheses. Absorption of visible light forms the excited state catalyst (*PC) but photons may be wasted if one of several unproductive pathways occur. Facile dissociation of the charge-separated encounter complex [PC•-:D•+], also known as (solvent) cage escape, is required for productive chemistry and directly governs availability of the critical PC•- intermediate. Competitive charge recombination, either inside or outside the solvent cage, may limit the overall efficiency of a photochemical reaction or internal quantum yield (defined as the moles of product formed per mole of photons absorbed by PC). Measuring the cage escape efficiency (ϕCE) typically requires time-resolved spectroscopy; however, we demonstrate how to estimate ϕCE using steady-state techniques that measure the efficiency of PC•- formation (ϕPC). Our results show that choice of electron donor critically impacts ϕPC, which directly correlates to improved synthetic and internal quantum yields. Furthermore, we demonstrate how modest structural differences between photocatalysts may afford a sizable effect on reactivity due to changes in ϕPC, and by extension ϕCE. Optimizing experimental conditions for cage escape provides photochemical reactions with improved atom economy and energy input, paving the way for sustainable design of photocatalytic systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felicity Draper
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria 3220, Australia
| | - Stephen DiLuzio
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Hannah J Sayre
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Le Nhan Pham
- Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia 5042, Australia
| | - Michelle L Coote
- Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia 5042, Australia
| | - Egan H Doeven
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria 3220, Australia
| | - Paul S Francis
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria 3220, Australia
| | - Timothy U Connell
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria 3220, Australia
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7
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Suo W, Qi JQ, Liu J, Sun S, Jiao L, Guo X. Overestimated Halogen Atom Transfer Reactivity of α-Aminoalkyl Radicals. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:25860-25869. [PMID: 39233359 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c09792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/06/2024]
Abstract
Halogen atom transfer (XAT) is a versatile method for generating carbon radicals. Recent interest has focused on α-aminoalkyl radicals as potential XAT reagents, previously reported to exhibit reactivity comparable to tin radicals. Utilizing an advanced time-resolved EPR technique, the XAT reactions between α-aminoalkyl radicals and organic halides were examined, allowing direct observation of the process through EPR spectroscopy and analysis of radical kinetics. Second-order rate constants for these reactions were determined, with some validated using transient absorption spectroscopy. The key finding is that the reactivity of α-aminoalkyl radicals in XAT reactions is 103 to 105 times lower than that of tin and silicon radicals and only slightly higher than alkyl radicals. This challenges the belief that α-aminoalkyl radicals are as reactive as tin radicals. The study on the solvent effect indicates that the XAT reaction of α-aminoalkyl radicals does not involve a highly polarized transition state, suggesting that the kinetic polar effect in this XAT process is not as significant as previously believed. The present study provides a reliable XAT reactivity scale for α-aminoalkyl radicals, which is crucial for designing XAT reactions and understanding their mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiqun Suo
- Center of Basic Molecular Science (CBMS), Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Jian-Qing Qi
- Center of Basic Molecular Science (CBMS), Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Jing Liu
- Center of Basic Molecular Science (CBMS), Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Songtao Sun
- Center of Basic Molecular Science (CBMS), Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Lei Jiao
- Center of Basic Molecular Science (CBMS), Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Xingwei Guo
- Center of Basic Molecular Science (CBMS), Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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8
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Kong P, Ye Y, Zhang X, Bao X, Huo C. Alkylation of Glycine Derivatives through a Synergistic Single-Electron Transfer and Halogen-Atom Transfer Process. Org Lett 2024; 26:7507-7513. [PMID: 39207059 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.4c02352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
Here, we present a versatile method for forming C(sp3)-C(sp3) bonds, enabling the synthesis of a range of natural and non-natural amino acids. This approach utilizes readily available glycine derivatives and alkyl iodides, combining single-electron transfer and halogen-atom transfer processes. The utility of this step-economic and redox-economic C(sp3)-C(sp3) bond formation is further highlighted in the late-stage site-selective modifications of the glycine residue in short peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Kong
- Gansu International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Water-Retention Chemical Functional Materials, Key Laboratory of Eco-Environment-Related Polymer Materials of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730070, People's Republic of China
| | - Youwan Ye
- Gansu International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Water-Retention Chemical Functional Materials, Key Laboratory of Eco-Environment-Related Polymer Materials of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730070, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Gansu International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Water-Retention Chemical Functional Materials, Key Laboratory of Eco-Environment-Related Polymer Materials of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730070, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiazhen Bao
- Gansu International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Water-Retention Chemical Functional Materials, Key Laboratory of Eco-Environment-Related Polymer Materials of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730070, People's Republic of China
| | - Congde Huo
- Gansu International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Water-Retention Chemical Functional Materials, Key Laboratory of Eco-Environment-Related Polymer Materials of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730070, People's Republic of China
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9
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Yang LF, Zeng L, Liu YL, Hu M, Li JH. Photoreductive 1,4-Dicarbofunctionalization of 1,3-Enynes with Organoiodides and Cyanoarenes via Halogen-Atom Transfer. Org Lett 2024; 26:7661-7666. [PMID: 39197044 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.4c02774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/30/2024]
Abstract
A photoreductive halogen-atom transfer (XAT) strategy for 1,4-dicarbofunctionalization of 1,3-enynes with organoiodides and cyanoarenes is disclosed, enabling access to functionalized allenes in a highly regio-, chemo-, and stereoselective manner. Upon the photoredox catalysis and the activation of Et3N XAT agents, the mild conditions and high functional group tolerance of this protocol enable the formation of two C-C bonds, including a C(sp3)-C(sp3) bond and a C(sp2)-C(sp2) bond, in a single reaction step, and provides a general avenue to polysubstituted allenes and late-stage modification of bioactive compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang-Feng Yang
- Hunan Engineering Laboratory for Preparation Technology of Polyvinyl Alcohol (PVA) Fiber Material, Institute of Organic Synthesis, Huaihua University, Huaihua 418000, China
- State Key Laboratory Base of Eco-Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China
| | - Liang Zeng
- State Key Laboratory Base of Eco-Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China
| | - Yi-Lin Liu
- Hunan Engineering Laboratory for Preparation Technology of Polyvinyl Alcohol (PVA) Fiber Material, Institute of Organic Synthesis, Huaihua University, Huaihua 418000, China
| | - Ming Hu
- State Key Laboratory Base of Eco-Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China
| | - Jin-Heng Li
- Hunan Engineering Laboratory for Preparation Technology of Polyvinyl Alcohol (PVA) Fiber Material, Institute of Organic Synthesis, Huaihua University, Huaihua 418000, China
- State Key Laboratory Base of Eco-Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 475004, China
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10
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Wang S, Luo X, Wang Y, Liu Z, Yu Y, Wang X, Ren D, Wang P, Chen YH, Qi X, Yi H, Lei A. Radical-triggered translocation of C-C double bond and functional group. Nat Chem 2024:10.1038/s41557-024-01633-7. [PMID: 39251841 DOI: 10.1038/s41557-024-01633-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2024] [Indexed: 09/11/2024]
Abstract
Multi-site functionalization of molecules provides a potent approach to accessing intricate compounds. However, simultaneous functionalization of the reactive site and the inert remote C(sp3)-H poses a formidable challenge, as chemical reactions conventionally occur at the most active site. In addition, achieving precise control over site selectivity for remote C(sp3)-H activation presents an additional hurdle. Here we report an alternative modular method for alkene difunctionalization, encompassing radical-triggered translocation of functional groups and remote C(sp3)-H desaturation via photo/cobalt dual catalysis. By systematically combining radical addition, functional group migration and cobalt-promoted hydrogen atom transfer, we successfully effectuate the translocation of the carbon-carbon double bond and another functional group with precise site selectivity and remarkable E/Z selectivity. This redox-neutral approach shows good compatibility with diverse fluoroalkyl and sulfonyl radical precursors, enabling the migration of benzoyloxy, acetoxy, formyl, cyano and heteroaryl groups. This protocol offers a resolution for the simultaneous transformation of manifold sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengchun Wang
- Institute for Advanced Studies (IAS), College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Xu Luo
- Institute for Advanced Studies (IAS), College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Yuan Wang
- Institute for Advanced Studies (IAS), College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Zhao Liu
- Institute for Advanced Studies (IAS), College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Yi Yu
- Institute for Advanced Studies (IAS), College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Xuejie Wang
- Institute for Advanced Studies (IAS), College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Demin Ren
- Institute for Advanced Studies (IAS), College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Pengjie Wang
- Institute for Advanced Studies (IAS), College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Yi-Hung Chen
- Institute for Advanced Studies (IAS), College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Xiaotian Qi
- Institute for Advanced Studies (IAS), College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, P. R. China.
- State Key Laboratory of Power Grid Environmental Protection, School of Electrical Engineering and Automation, Wuhan University, Wuhan, P. R. China.
| | - Hong Yi
- Institute for Advanced Studies (IAS), College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, P. R. China.
| | - Aiwen Lei
- Institute for Advanced Studies (IAS), College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, P. R. China.
- State Key Laboratory of Power Grid Environmental Protection, School of Electrical Engineering and Automation, Wuhan University, Wuhan, P. R. China.
- National Engineering Research Center for Carbohydrate Synthesis, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, P. R. China.
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11
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Min H, Kwon Y, Shin S, Choi M, Mehra MK, Jeon W, Kwon MS, Lee CW. Tailoring the Degradation of Cyanoarene-Based Photocatalysts for Enhanced Visible-Light-Driven Halogen Atom Transfer. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202406880. [PMID: 38842479 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202406880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2024] [Revised: 06/03/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
We present the strategic design of donor-acceptor cyanoarene-based photocatalysts (PCs) aiming to augment beneficial PC degradation for halogen atom transfer (XAT)-induced dehalogenation reactions. Our investigation reveals a competitive nature between the catalytic cycle and the degradation pathway, with the degradation becoming dominant, particularly for less activated alkyl halides. The degradation behavior of PCs significantly impacts the efficiency of the XAT process, leading to exploration into manipulating the degradation behavior in a desirable direction. Recognizing the variation in the nature and rate of PC degradation, as well as its influence on the reaction across the range of PC structures, we carefully engineered the PCs to develop a pre-catalyst, named 3DP-DCDP-IPN. This pre-catalyst undergoes rapid degradation into an active form, 3DP-DCDP-Me-BN, exhibited an enhanced reducing ability in its radical anion form to induce better PC regeneration and consequently effectively catalyzes the XAT reaction, even with a challenging substrate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyunji Min
- Department of Chemistry, Gachon University, 1342 Seongnamdaero, Seongnam, Gyeonggi, 13120, Republic of Korea
| | - Yonghwan Kwon
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Sukhyun Shin
- Department of Chemistry, Gachon University, 1342 Seongnamdaero, Seongnam, Gyeonggi, 13120, Republic of Korea
| | - Miseon Choi
- Department of Chemistry, Gachon University, 1342 Seongnamdaero, Seongnam, Gyeonggi, 13120, Republic of Korea
| | - Manish Kumar Mehra
- Department of Chemistry, Gachon University, 1342 Seongnamdaero, Seongnam, Gyeonggi, 13120, Republic of Korea
- Present address, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, 19104, PA, United States
| | - Woojin Jeon
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Sang Kwon
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Chung Whan Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Gachon University, 1342 Seongnamdaero, Seongnam, Gyeonggi, 13120, Republic of Korea
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12
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Beil SB, Bonnet S, Casadevall C, Detz RJ, Eisenreich F, Glover SD, Kerzig C, Næsborg L, Pullen S, Storch G, Wei N, Zeymer C. Challenges and Future Perspectives in Photocatalysis: Conclusions from an Interdisciplinary Workshop. JACS AU 2024; 4:2746-2766. [PMID: 39211583 PMCID: PMC11350580 DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.4c00527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2024] [Revised: 07/25/2024] [Accepted: 07/29/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
Photocatalysis is a versatile and rapidly developing field with applications spanning artificial photosynthesis, photo-biocatalysis, photoredox catalysis in solution or supramolecular structures, utilization of abundant metals and organocatalysts, sustainable synthesis, and plastic degradation. In this Perspective, we summarize conclusions from an interdisciplinary workshop of young principal investigators held at the Lorentz Center in Leiden in March 2023. We explore how diverse fields within photocatalysis can benefit from one another. We delve into the intricate interplay between these subdisciplines, by highlighting the unique challenges and opportunities presented by each field and how a multidisciplinary approach can drive innovation and lead to sustainable solutions for the future. Advanced collaboration and knowledge exchange across these domains can further enhance the potential of photocatalysis. Artificial photosynthesis has become a promising technology for solar fuel generation, for instance, via water splitting or CO2 reduction, while photocatalysis has revolutionized the way we think about assembling molecular building blocks. Merging such powerful disciplines may give rise to efficient and sustainable protocols across different technologies. While photocatalysis has matured and can be applied in industrial processes, a deeper understanding of complex mechanisms is of great importance to improve reaction quantum yields and to sustain continuous development. Photocatalysis is in the perfect position to play an important role in the synthesis, deconstruction, and reuse of molecules and materials impacting a sustainable future. To exploit the full potential of photocatalysis, a fundamental understanding of underlying processes within different subfields is necessary to close the cycle of use and reuse most efficiently. Following the initial interactions at the Lorentz Center Workshop in 2023, we aim to stimulate discussions and interdisciplinary approaches to tackle these challenges in diverse future teams.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian B. Beil
- Stratingh
Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
- Max Planck
Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion, Stiftstraße 34-36, 45470 Mulheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Sylvestre Bonnet
- Leiden Institute
of Chemistry, Leiden University, Gorlaeus
Laboratories, PO Box 9502, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Carla Casadevall
- Department
of Physical and Inorganic Chemistry, University
Rovira i Virgili (URV), C/Marcel.lí Domingo, 1, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
- Institute
of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), The Barcelona Institute
of Science and Technology, Avinguda dels Països Catalans, 16, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Remko J. Detz
- Energy Transition
Studies (ETS), Netherlands Organization
for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), Radarweg 60, 1043
NT Amsterdam, The
Netherlands
| | - Fabian Eisenreich
- Department
of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry & Institute for Complex
Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University
of Technology, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Starla D. Glover
- Department
of Chemistry, Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, Box 523, 75120 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Christoph Kerzig
- Department
of Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University
Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Line Næsborg
- Department
of Organic Chemistry, University of Münster, Correnstr. 40, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Sonja Pullen
- Homogeneous
and Supramolecular Catalysis, Van ’t Hoff Institute for Molecular
Sciences, University of Amsterdam, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Golo Storch
- Technical
University of Munich (TUM), Lichtenbergstr. 4, 85747 Garching, Germany
| | - Ning Wei
- Stratingh
Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
- Max Planck
Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion, Stiftstraße 34-36, 45470 Mulheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Cathleen Zeymer
- Center for
Functional Protein Assemblies & Department of Bioscience, TUM
School of Natural Sciences, Technical University
of Munich, 85748 Garching, Germany
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13
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Sephton T, Large JM, Natrajan LS, Butterworth S, Greaney MF. XAT-Catalysis for Intramolecular Biaryl Synthesis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202407979. [PMID: 38818676 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202407979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
Radical ipso-substitution offers an alternative to organometallic approaches for biaryl synthesis, but usually requires stoichiometric reagents such as tributyltin hydride. Here, we demonstrate that visible light photoredox catalysis can be used for ipso-biaryl synthesis, via a halogen-atom transfer (XAT) regime. Using amide substrates that promote ipso- over unwanted ortho-addition, we demonstrate smooth biaryl formation with no constraint on the electronic character of the migrating arene ring. The photoreaction can be combined in one operation to achieve a formal arylation of the inert aniline C-N bond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Sephton
- School of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | - Jonathan M Large
- LifeArc, Accelerator Building, Open Innovation Campus, Stevenage, SG1 2FX, UK
| | - Louise S Natrajan
- School of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | - Sam Butterworth
- Division of Pharmacy and Optometry, School of Health Sciences, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | - Michael F Greaney
- School of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
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14
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Zhang Z, Poletti L, Leonori D. A Radical Strategy for the Alkylation of Amides with Alkyl Halides by Merging Boryl Radical-Mediated Halogen-Atom Transfer and Copper Catalysis. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:22424-22430. [PMID: 39087940 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c05487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/02/2024]
Abstract
Amide alkylation is a fundamental process in organic chemistry. However, the low nucleophilicity of amides means that divergent coupling with alkyl electrophiles is often not achievable. To circumvent this reactivity challenge, individual amine synthesis followed by amidation with standard coupling agents is generally required. Herein, we demonstrate a radical solution to this challenge by using an amine-borane complex and copper catalysis under oxidative conditions. While borohydride reagents are generally used as reducing agents in ionic chemistry, their conversion into amine-ligated boryl radicals diverts their reactivity toward halogen-atom transfer. This enables the conversion of alkyl halides into the corresponding alkyl radicals for amide functionalization via copper catalysis. The process is applicable to the N-alkylation of primary amides employing unactivated alkyl iodides and bromides, and it was also showcased in the late-state functionalization of both complex amide- and halide-containing drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenhua Zhang
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, Aachen 52056, Germany
| | - Lorenzo Poletti
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, Aachen 52056, Germany
| | - Daniele Leonori
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, Aachen 52056, Germany
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15
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Capaldo L, Wan T, Mulder R, Djossou J, Noël T. Visible light-induced halogen-atom transfer by N-heterocyclic carbene-ligated boryl radicals for diastereoselective C(sp 3)-C(sp 2) bond formation. Chem Sci 2024:d4sc02962c. [PMID: 39184300 PMCID: PMC11340342 DOI: 10.1039/d4sc02962c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2024] [Accepted: 08/07/2024] [Indexed: 08/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Photoinduced halogen-atom transfer (XAT) has rapidly emerged as a programmable approach to generate carbon-centered radical intermediates, mainly relying on silyl and α-aminoalkyl radicals as halogen abstractors. More recently, ligated boryl radicals have also been proposed as effective halogen abstractors under visible-light irradiation. In this study, we describe the use of this approach to enable C(sp3)-C(sp2) bond formation via radical addition of carbon-centered radicals generated via XAT onto chloroalkynes. Our mechanistic investigation reveals a complex interplay of highly reactive radical intermediates which, under optimized conditions, delivered the targeted vinyl chlorides in excellent yields and Z : E ratios. Finally, we demonstrated the synthetic value of these products in transition metal-based cross-coupling reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Capaldo
- Flow Chemistry Group, Van 't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences (HIMS), University of Amsterdam Science Park 904 1098 XH Amsterdam The Netherlands
- Department of Chemistry, SynCat Lab, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma 43124 Parma Italy
| | - Ting Wan
- Flow Chemistry Group, Van 't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences (HIMS), University of Amsterdam Science Park 904 1098 XH Amsterdam The Netherlands
- The Research Center of Chiral Drugs, Innovation Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Shanghai 201203 China
| | - Robin Mulder
- Flow Chemistry Group, Van 't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences (HIMS), University of Amsterdam Science Park 904 1098 XH Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - Jonas Djossou
- Flow Chemistry Group, Van 't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences (HIMS), University of Amsterdam Science Park 904 1098 XH Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - Timothy Noël
- Flow Chemistry Group, Van 't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences (HIMS), University of Amsterdam Science Park 904 1098 XH Amsterdam The Netherlands
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16
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Dam P, Zuo K, Azofra LM, El-Sepelgy O. Biomimetic Photoexcited Cobaloxime Catalysis in Organic Synthesis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202405775. [PMID: 38775208 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202405775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/17/2024]
Abstract
Drawing inspiration from nature has long been a cornerstone of chemical innovation, with natural systems offering a wealth of untapped potential for discovery. In this minireview, we delve into the burgeoning field of cobaloxime catalysis in organic synthesis, which mimics the catalytic activity of the natural organometallic alkylcobalamine enzymes. Our focus lies on elucidating the latest advancements in this area, as well as delineating the primary mechanistic pathways at play. By describing, and comparing these mechanisms, we provide a comprehensive overview of the current state-of-the-art, while also shedding light on the key unresolved challenges that await further exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phong Dam
- Leibniz Institute for Catalysis e.V., Albert-Einstein-Str. 29a, 18059, Rostock, Germany
| | - Kaiming Zuo
- Leibniz Institute for Catalysis e.V., Albert-Einstein-Str. 29a, 18059, Rostock, Germany
| | - Luis Miguel Azofra
- Instituto de Estudios Ambientales y Recursos Naturales (i-UNAT), Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria (ULPGC), Campus de Tafira, 35017, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - Osama El-Sepelgy
- Leibniz Institute for Catalysis e.V., Albert-Einstein-Str. 29a, 18059, Rostock, Germany
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17
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Powell J, Mann CA, Toth PD, Nolan S, Steinert A, Ove C, Seffernick JT, Wozniak DJ, Kebriaei R, Lindert S, Osheroff N, Yalowich JC, Mitton-Fry MJ. Development of Novel Bacterial Topoisomerase Inhibitors Assisted by Computational Screening. ACS Med Chem Lett 2024; 15:1287-1297. [PMID: 39140037 PMCID: PMC11318591 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.4c00162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2024] [Revised: 06/16/2024] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 08/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Multidrug-resistant bacterial infections pose an ever-evolving threat to public health. Since the outset of the antibacterial age, bacteria have developed a multitude of diverse resistance mechanisms that suppress the effectiveness of current therapies. New drug entities, such as Novel Bacterial Topoisomerase Inhibitors (NBTIs), can circumvent this major issue. A computational docking model was employed to predict the binding to DNA gyrase of atypical NBTIs with novel pharmacophores. Synthesis of NBTIs based on computational docking and subsequent antibacterial evaluation against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria yielded congeners with outstanding anti-staphylococcal activity and varying activity against select Gram-negative pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua
W. Powell
- Division
of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Microbial Infection
and Immunity, Division of Outcomes and Translational Sciences, Department of Microbiology, and Division of Pharmaceutics
and Pharmacology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Chelsea A. Mann
- Division
of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Microbial Infection
and Immunity, Division of Outcomes and Translational Sciences, Department of Microbiology, and Division of Pharmaceutics
and Pharmacology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Paul D. Toth
- Division
of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Microbial Infection
and Immunity, Division of Outcomes and Translational Sciences, Department of Microbiology, and Division of Pharmaceutics
and Pharmacology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Sheri Nolan
- Division
of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Microbial Infection
and Immunity, Division of Outcomes and Translational Sciences, Department of Microbiology, and Division of Pharmaceutics
and Pharmacology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Anja Steinert
- Division
of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Microbial Infection
and Immunity, Division of Outcomes and Translational Sciences, Department of Microbiology, and Division of Pharmaceutics
and Pharmacology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Clarissa Ove
- Division
of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Microbial Infection
and Immunity, Division of Outcomes and Translational Sciences, Department of Microbiology, and Division of Pharmaceutics
and Pharmacology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Justin T. Seffernick
- Division
of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Microbial Infection
and Immunity, Division of Outcomes and Translational Sciences, Department of Microbiology, and Division of Pharmaceutics
and Pharmacology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Daniel J. Wozniak
- Division
of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Microbial Infection
and Immunity, Division of Outcomes and Translational Sciences, Department of Microbiology, and Division of Pharmaceutics
and Pharmacology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Razieh Kebriaei
- Division
of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Microbial Infection
and Immunity, Division of Outcomes and Translational Sciences, Department of Microbiology, and Division of Pharmaceutics
and Pharmacology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Steffen Lindert
- Division
of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Microbial Infection
and Immunity, Division of Outcomes and Translational Sciences, Department of Microbiology, and Division of Pharmaceutics
and Pharmacology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Neil Osheroff
- Department of Biochemistry and Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | - Jack C. Yalowich
- Division
of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Microbial Infection
and Immunity, Division of Outcomes and Translational Sciences, Department of Microbiology, and Division of Pharmaceutics
and Pharmacology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Mark J. Mitton-Fry
- Division
of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Microbial Infection
and Immunity, Division of Outcomes and Translational Sciences, Department of Microbiology, and Division of Pharmaceutics
and Pharmacology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
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18
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Ren J, Xia XF. Visible-light-induced alkyl-arylation of olefins via a halogen-atom transfer process. Org Biomol Chem 2024; 22:6370-6375. [PMID: 39046012 DOI: 10.1039/d4ob00971a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/25/2024]
Abstract
Visible-light-induced three-component 1,2-alkyl-arylation of alkenes and alkyl radical addition/cyclization of acrylamides have been realized via a photocatalytic halogen-atom transfer (XAT) process. This metal-free protocol utilizes readily available tertiary alkylamine as both an electron donor and an XAT reagent for the activation of alkyl halides using naphthalimide (NI)-based organic photocatalysts. This process features broad substrate scope and good functional group tolerance under mild conditions, and could be effectively applied to a variety of medicinally relevant substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Ren
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China.
| | - Xiao-Feng Xia
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China.
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan, 453007, China
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19
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Quirós I, Martín M, Pérez-Sánchez C, Rigotti T, Tortosa M. Trityl isocyanide as a general reagent for visible light mediated photoredox-catalyzed cyanations. Chem Sci 2024:d4sc04199b. [PMID: 39149220 PMCID: PMC11320021 DOI: 10.1039/d4sc04199b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2024] [Accepted: 08/05/2024] [Indexed: 08/17/2024] Open
Abstract
A photoredox catalytic strategy has been developed to enable the functionalization of a variety of commercially available, structurally different radical precursors by the use of a bench-stable isonitrile as an efficient cyanating reagent. Specifically, a radical-based reaction has provided a mild and convenient procedure for the cyanation of primary, secondary and tertiary radicals derived from widely accessible sp3-hybridized carboxylic acids, alcohols and halides under visible light irradiation. The reaction tolerates a variety of functional groups and it represents a complementary method for the cyanation of structurally different scaffolds that show diverse native functionalities, expanding the scope of previously reported methodologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Quirós
- Organic Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Autonomous University of Madrid (UAM) Madrid 28049 Spain
| | - María Martín
- Organic Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Autonomous University of Madrid (UAM) Madrid 28049 Spain
| | - Carla Pérez-Sánchez
- Organic Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Autonomous University of Madrid (UAM) Madrid 28049 Spain
| | - Thomas Rigotti
- Organic Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Autonomous University of Madrid (UAM) Madrid 28049 Spain
| | - Mariola Tortosa
- Organic Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Autonomous University of Madrid (UAM) Madrid 28049 Spain
- Center for Innovation in Advanced Chemistry (ORFEO-CINQA), Autonomous University of Madrid (UAM) Madrid 28049 Spain
- Institute for Advanced Research in Chemical Sciences (IAdChem), Autonomous University of Madrid (UAM) Madrid 28049 Spain
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20
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Liu Q, Ren YZ, Zhang BB, Tang WX, Wang ZX, He L, Chen XY. Photoinduced Single Electron Reduction of the 4-O-5 Linkage in Lignin Models for C-P Coupling Catalyzed by Bifunctional N-Heterocyclic Carbenes. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024:e2406095. [PMID: 39099408 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202406095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2024] [Revised: 07/14/2024] [Indexed: 08/06/2024]
Abstract
Catalytic activation of Caryl-O bonds is considered as a powerful strategy for the production of aromatics from lignin. However, due to the high reduction potentials of diaryl ether 4-O-5 linkage models, their single electron reduction remains a daunting challenge. This study presents the blue light-induced bifunctional N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC)-catalyzed one-electron reduction of diaryl ether 4-O-5 linkage models for the synthesis of trivalent phosphines. The H-bond between the newly devised bifunctional NHC and diaryl ethers is responsible for the success of the single electron transfer. Furthermore, this approach demonstrates selective one-electron reduction of unsymmetric diaryl ethers, oligomeric phenylene oxide, and lignin model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Liu
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Ying-Zheng Ren
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
- State Key Laboratory Incubation Base for Green Processing of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shihezi University, Xinjiang, 832000, China
| | - Bei-Bei Zhang
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Wen-Xin Tang
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Zhi-Xiang Wang
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
- Binzhou Institute of Technology, Weiqiao-UCAS Science and Technology Park, Binzhou, Shandong, 256606, China
| | - Lin He
- State Key Laboratory Incubation Base for Green Processing of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shihezi University, Xinjiang, 832000, China
| | - Xiang-Yu Chen
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
- Binzhou Institute of Technology, Weiqiao-UCAS Science and Technology Park, Binzhou, Shandong, 256606, China
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21
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Wu J, Purushothaman R, Kallert F, Homölle SL, Ackermann L. Electrochemical Glycosylation via Halogen-Atom-Transfer for C-Glycoside Assembly. ACS Catal 2024; 14:11532-11544. [PMID: 39114086 PMCID: PMC11301629 DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.4c02322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2024] [Revised: 07/04/2024] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024]
Abstract
Glycosyl donor activation emerged as an enabling technology for anomeric functionalization, but aimed primarily at O-glycosylation. In contrast, we herein disclose mechanistically distinct electrochemical glycosyl bromide donor activations via halogen-atom transfer and anomeric C-glycosylation. The anomeric radical addition to alkenes led to C-alkyl glycoside synthesis under precious metal-free reaction conditions from readily available glycosyl bromides. The robustness of our e-XAT strategy was further mirrored by C-aryl and C-acyl glycosides assembly through nickela-electrocatalysis. Our approach provides an orthogonal strategy for glycosyl donor activation with expedient scope, hence representing a general method for direct C-glycosides assembly.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Felix Kallert
- Wöhler-Research Institute
for Sustainable Chemistry, Georg-August-Universität
Göttingen, Tammannstraße
2, Göttingen 37077, Germany
| | - Simon L. Homölle
- Wöhler-Research Institute
for Sustainable Chemistry, Georg-August-Universität
Göttingen, Tammannstraße
2, Göttingen 37077, Germany
| | - Lutz Ackermann
- Wöhler-Research Institute
for Sustainable Chemistry, Georg-August-Universität
Göttingen, Tammannstraße
2, Göttingen 37077, Germany
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22
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Kim S, Zhou X, Li Y, Yang Q, Liu X, Graf R, Blom PWM, Ferguson CTJ, Landfester K. Size-Dependent Photocatalytic Reactivity of Conjugated Microporous Polymer Nanoparticles. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2404054. [PMID: 38925104 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202404054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2024] [Revised: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
Particle size is a critical factor for improving photocatalytic reactivity of conjugated microporous polymers (CMPs) as mass transfer in the porous materials is often the rate-limiting step. However, due to the synthetic challenge of controlling the size of CMPs, the impact of particle size is yet to be investigated. To address this problem, a simple and versatile dispersion polymerization route that can synthesize dispersible CMP nanoparticles with controlled size from 15 to 180 nm is proposed. Leveraging the precise control of the size, it is demonstrated that smaller CMP nanoparticles have dramatically higher photocatalytic reactivity in various organic transformations, achieving more than 1000% enhancement in the reaction rates by decreasing the size from 180 to 15 nm. The size-dependent photocatalytic reactivity is further scrutinized using a kinetic model and transient absorption spectroscopy, revealing that only the initial 5 nm-thick surface layer of CMP nanoparticles is involved in the photocatalytic reactions because of internal mass transfer limitations. This finding substantiates the potential of small CMP nanoparticles to efficiently use photo-generated excitons and improve energy-efficiency of numerous photocatalytic reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seunghyeon Kim
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Xin Zhou
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Yungui Li
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Qiqi Yang
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Xiaomin Liu
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Robert Graf
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Paul W M Blom
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Calum T J Ferguson
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany
- School of Chemistry, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Katharina Landfester
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany
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23
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Kato N, Seki Y, Nanjo T, Takemoto Y. Bulky Alkyl Substituents Enhance the Photocatalytic Activity of Pyridine-Based Donor-Acceptor Molecules in the Direct Reductive Cleavage of the C-Br Bond of Aliphatic Bromides. Org Lett 2024; 26:5883-5887. [PMID: 38967316 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.4c01613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/06/2024]
Abstract
We report new pyridine-based donor-acceptor (D-A) molecules that enable the direct reductive transformation of a variety of secondary and tertiary aliphatic bromides. A series of experimental and theoretical results suggested that the D-A molecules promote direct C-Br bond cleavage triggered by the excitation of the complex between the catalyst and the aliphatic bromide and that the alkyl groups significantly contribute to the stabilization of the complex, which improves the efficiency of its excitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natsuki Kato
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Yoshida, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Yuta Seki
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Yoshida, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Takeshi Nanjo
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Yoshida, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Yoshiji Takemoto
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Yoshida, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
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24
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Guo SY, Liu YP, Huang JS, He LB, He GC, Ji DW, Wan B, Chen QA. Visible light-induced chemoselective 1,2-diheteroarylation of alkenes. Nat Commun 2024; 15:6102. [PMID: 39030211 PMCID: PMC11271625 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-50460-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2024] [Accepted: 07/12/2024] [Indexed: 07/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Visible-light photocatalysis has evolved as a powerful technique to enable controllable radical reactions. Exploring unique photocatalytic mode for obtaining new chemoselectivity and product diversity is of great significance. Herein, we present a photo-induced chemoselective 1,2-diheteroarylation of unactivated alkenes utilizing halopyridines and quinolines. The ring-fused azaarenes serve as not only substrate, but also potential precursors for halogen-atom abstraction for pyridyl radical generation in this photocatalysis. As a complement to metal catalysis, this photo-induced radical process with mild and redox neutral conditions assembles two different heteroaryl groups into alkenes regioselectively and contribute to broad substrates scope. The obtained products containing aza-arene units permit various further diversifications, demonstrating the synthetic utility of this protocol. We anticipate that this protocol will trigger the further advancement of photo-induced alkyl/aryl halides activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi-Yu Guo
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, China
| | - Yi-Peng Liu
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, China
| | - Jin-Song Huang
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, China
| | - Li-Bowen He
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Gu-Cheng He
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ding-Wei Ji
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, China
| | - Boshun Wan
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, China
| | - Qing-An Chen
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
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25
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Wan T, Ciszewski ŁW, Ravelli D, Capaldo L. Photoinduced Intermolecular Radical Hydroalkylation of Olefins via Ligated Boryl Radicals-Mediated Halogen Atom Transfer. Org Lett 2024; 26:5839-5843. [PMID: 38950385 PMCID: PMC11250028 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.4c02034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2024] [Revised: 06/21/2024] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/03/2024]
Abstract
Light-mediated Halogen-Atom Transfer (XAT) has become a significant methodology in contemporary synthesis. Unlike α-aminoalkyl and silyl radicals, ligated boryl radicals (LBRs) have not been extensively explored as halogen atom abstractors. In this study, we introduce NHC-ligated boranes as optimal radical chain carriers for the intermolecular reductive radical hydroalkylation and hydroarylation of electron-deficient olefins by using direct UV-A light irradiation. DFT analysis allowed us to rationalize the critical role of the NHC ligand in facilitating efficient chain propagation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Wan
- Flow
Chemistry Group, van’t Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences
(HIMS), University of Amsterdam, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- The
Research Center of Chiral Drugs, Innovation Research Institute of
Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University
of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Łukasz W. Ciszewski
- Flow
Chemistry Group, van’t Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences
(HIMS), University of Amsterdam, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Davide Ravelli
- PhotoGreen
Lab, Department of Chemistry, University
of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Luca Capaldo
- Flow
Chemistry Group, van’t Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences
(HIMS), University of Amsterdam, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- SynCat
Lab, Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, 43124 Parma, Italy
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26
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Märsch J, Reiter S, Rittner T, Rodriguez-Lugo RE, Whitfield M, Scott DJ, Kutta RJ, Nuernberger P, de Vivie-Riedle R, Wolf R. Cobalt-Mediated Photochemical C-H Arylation of Pyrroles. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202405780. [PMID: 38693673 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202405780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2024] [Revised: 04/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024]
Abstract
Precious metal complexes remain ubiquitous in photoredox catalysis (PRC) despite concerted efforts to find more earth-abundant catalysts and replacements based on 3d metals in particular. Most otherwise plausible 3d metal complexes are assumed to be unsuitable due to short-lived excited states, which has led researchers to prioritize the pursuit of longer excited-state lifetimes through careful molecular design. However, we report herein that the C-H arylation of pyrroles and related substrates (which are benchmark reactions for assessing the efficacy of photoredox catalysts) can be achieved using a simple and readily accessible octahedral bis(diiminopyridine) cobalt complex, [1-Co](PF6)2. Notably, [1-Co]2+ efficiently functionalizes both chloro- and bromoarene substrates despite the short excited-state lifetime of the key photoexcited intermediate *[1-Co]2+ (8 ps). We present herein the scope of this C-H arylation protocol and provide mechanistic insights derived from detailed spectroscopic and computational studies. These indicate that, despite its transient existence, reduction of *[1-Co]2+ is facilitated via pre-assembly with the NEt3 reductant, highlighting an alternative strategy for the future development of 3d metal-catalyzed PRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Märsch
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Regensburg, 93040, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Sebastian Reiter
- Department of Chemistry, Ludwig Maximilian University Munich, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Thomas Rittner
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, University of Regensburg, 93040, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Rafael E Rodriguez-Lugo
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Regensburg, 93040, Regensburg, Germany
- present address: Istituto di Chimica dei Composti Organometallici, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via Madonna del Piano 10, Sesto Fiorentino, 50019, Italy
| | - Maximilian Whitfield
- Department of Chemistry, Ludwig Maximilian University Munich, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Daniel J Scott
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Regensburg, 93040, Regensburg, Germany
- present address: Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down Bath, BA2 7AY, United Kingdom
| | - Roger Jan Kutta
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, University of Regensburg, 93040, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Patrick Nuernberger
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, University of Regensburg, 93040, Regensburg, Germany
| | | | - Robert Wolf
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Regensburg, 93040, Regensburg, Germany
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27
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Lu S, Hu Z, Wang D, Xu T. Halogen-Atom Transfer Enabled Catalytic Enantioselective Coupling to Chiral Trifluoromethylated Alkynes via Dual Nickel and Photocatalysis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202406064. [PMID: 38619363 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202406064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2024] [Revised: 04/14/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
With halogen-atom transfer as an effective tool, a novel catalytic enantioselective protocol to generate chiral trifluoromethylated alkynes has been established by a cooperative photoredox and nickel catalysis system, providing a straightforward and modular route to access this type of product in good yields and enantioselectivities. The halogen-atom transfer process is essential for the reaction and this novel strategy offers another promising way to utilize alkyl halides with highly negative reduction potentials. It firstly expands nickel-catalyzed asymmetric reductive cross-couplings of organohalides from the traditional single-electron transfer to halogen-atom transfer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanya Lu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Assessment and Sustainability, School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, 200092, Shanghai, P. R. of China
| | - Zihao Hu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Assessment and Sustainability, School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, 200092, Shanghai, P. R. of China
| | - Dong Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Assessment and Sustainability, School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, 200092, Shanghai, P. R. of China
| | - Tao Xu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Assessment and Sustainability, School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, 200092, Shanghai, P. R. of China
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28
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Luo H, Yang Y, Fu Y, Yu F, Gao L, Ma Y, Li Y, Wu K, Lin L. In situ copper photocatalysts triggering halide atom transfer of unactivated alkyl halides for general C(sp3)-N couplings. Nat Commun 2024; 15:5647. [PMID: 38969653 PMCID: PMC11226431 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-50082-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 06/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Direct reduction of unactivated alkyl halides for C(sp3)-N couplings under mild conditions presents a significant challenge in organic synthesis due to their low reduction potential. Herein, we introduce an in situ formed pyridyl-carbene-ligated copper (I) catalyst that is capable of abstracting halide atom and generating alkyl radicals for general C(sp3)-N couplings under visible light. Control experiments confirmed that the mono-pyridyl-carbene-ligated copper complex is the active species responsible for catalysis. Mechanistic investigations using transient absorption spectroscopy across multiple decades of timescales revealed ultrafast intersystem crossing (260 ps) of the photoexcited copper (I) complexes into their long-lived triplet excited states (>2 μs). The non-Stern-Volmer quenching dynamics of the triplets by unactivated alkyl halides suggests an association between copper (I) complexes and alkyl halides, thereby facilitating the abstraction of halide atoms via inner-sphere single electron transfer (SET), rather than outer-sphere SET, for the formation of alkyl radicals for subsequent cross couplings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hang Luo
- School of Chemistry, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning, 116024, China
| | - Yupeng Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences Dalian, Dalian, Liaoning, 116023, China
| | - Yukang Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning, 116024, China
| | - Fangnian Yu
- School of Chemistry, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning, 116024, China
| | - Lei Gao
- School of Chemistry, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning, 116024, China
| | - Yunpeng Ma
- School of Chemistry, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning, 116024, China
| | - Yang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning, 116024, China.
| | - Kaifeng Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences Dalian, Dalian, Liaoning, 116023, China.
| | - Luqing Lin
- School of Chemistry, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning, 116024, China.
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29
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McArthur G, Docherty JH, Hareram MD, Simonetti M, Vitorica-Yrezabal IJ, Douglas JJ, Larrosa I. An air- and moisture-stable ruthenium precatalyst for diverse reactivity. Nat Chem 2024; 16:1141-1150. [PMID: 38570728 PMCID: PMC11230907 DOI: 10.1038/s41557-024-01481-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
Versatile, efficient and robust (pre)catalysts are pivotal in accelerating the discovery and optimization of chemical reactions, shaping diverse synthetic fields such as cross-coupling, C-H functionalization and polymer chemistry. Yet, their scarcity in certain domains has hindered the advancement and adoption of new applications. Here we present a highly reactive air- and moisture-stable ruthenium precatalyst [(tBuCN)5Ru(H2O)](BF4)2, featuring a key exchangeable water ligand. This versatile precatalyst drives an array of transformations, including late-stage C(sp2)-H arylation, primary/secondary alkylation, methylation, hydrogen/deuterium exchange, C(sp3)-H oxidation, alkene isomerization and oxidative cleavage, consistently outperforming conventionally used ruthenium (pre)catalysts. The generality and applicability of this precatalyst is exemplified through the potential for rapid screening and optimization of photocatalytic reactions with a suite of in situ generated ruthenium photocatalysts containing hitherto unknown complexes, and through the rapid discovery of reactivities previously unreported for ruthenium. The diverse applicability observed is suggestive of a generic platform for reaction simplification and accelerated synthetic discovery that will enable broader applicability and accessibility to state-of-the-art ruthenium catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gillian McArthur
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Jamie H Docherty
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- Department of Chemistry, Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK
| | | | - Marco Simonetti
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- bp, Low Carbon Innovation Centre, Saltend Chemicals Park, Hull, UK
| | | | - James J Douglas
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- Early Chemical Development, Pharmaceutical Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, Macclesfield, UK
| | - Igor Larrosa
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
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30
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Hanumanthu R, Weaver JD. Cooperative Catalytic Coupling of Benzyl Chlorides and Bromides with Electron-Deficient Alkenes. Org Lett 2024; 26:5248-5252. [PMID: 38896786 PMCID: PMC11217938 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.4c01413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2024] [Revised: 06/07/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
Benzyl radicals are an important class of intermediate. The use of visible light to generate them directly from their respective halides is an ideal synthetic strategy. The central impediment associated with their direct single-electron reduction (photo- or electro-) lies in their highly variable and structurally dependent reduction potential, which combine to make the identification of a general set of conditions difficult. Herein, we have employed a strategy of nucleophilic cooperative catalysis in which catalytic lutidine undergoes halide substitution, which decreases and levels the reduction potential. This allows a general set of photocatalytic conditions to transform a broad range of benzyl halides into radicals that can be used in the synthesis of more complex molecules, exemplified here by Giese coupling with electron-deficient alkenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roshini Hanumanthu
- 107 Physical Science, Department
of Chemistry, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma 74078, United States
| | - Jimmie D. Weaver
- 107 Physical Science, Department
of Chemistry, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma 74078, United States
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31
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Zeng Q, Nirwan Y, Benet-Buchholz J, Kleij AW. An Expedient Radical Approach for the Decarboxylative Synthesis of Stereodefined All-Carbon Tetrasubstituted Olefins. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202403651. [PMID: 38619179 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202403651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2024] [Revised: 04/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
We report a user-friendly approach for the decarboxylative formation of stereodefined and complex tri- and tetra-substituted olefins from vinyl cyclic carbonates and amines as radical precursors. The protocol relies on easy photo-initiated α-amino-radical formation followed by addition onto the double bond of the substrate resulting in a sequence involving carbonate ring-opening, double bond relay, CO2 extrusion and finally O-protonation. The developed protocol is efficient for both mismatched and matched polarity substrate combinations, and the scope of elaborate stereodefined olefins that can be forged including drug-functionalized derivatives is wide, diverse and further extendable to other types of heterocyclic and radical precursors. Mechanistic control reactions show that the decarboxylation step is a key driving force towards product formation, with the initial radical addition under steric control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Zeng
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ-Cerca), the Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Av. Països Catalans 16, 43007, Tarragona
- Departament de Química Física i Inorgànica/Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Marcel⋅lí Domingo s/n, 43007, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Yamini Nirwan
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ-Cerca), the Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Av. Països Catalans 16, 43007, Tarragona
| | - Jordi Benet-Buchholz
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ-Cerca), the Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Av. Països Catalans 16, 43007, Tarragona
| | - Arjan W Kleij
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ-Cerca), the Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Av. Països Catalans 16, 43007, Tarragona
- Catalan Institute of Research and Advanced Studies (ICREA), Pg. Lluís, Companys 23, 08010, Barcelona, Spain
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32
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McGhie L, Marotta A, Loftus PO, Seeberger PH, Funes-Ardoiz I, Molloy JJ. Photogeneration of α-Bimetalloid Radicals via Selective Activation of Multifunctional C1 Units. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:15850-15859. [PMID: 38805091 PMCID: PMC11177267 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c02261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2024] [Revised: 05/12/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Light-driven strategies that enable the chemoselective activation of a specific bond in multifunctional systems are comparatively underexplored in comparison to transition-metal-based technologies, yet desirable when considering the controlled exploration of chemical space. With the current drive to discover next-generation therapeutics, reaction design that enables the strategic incorporation of an sp3 carbon center, containing multiple synthetic handles for the subsequent exploration of chemical space would be highly enabling. Here, we describe the photoactivation of ambiphilic C1 units to generate α-bimetalloid radicals using only a Lewis base and light source to directly activate the C-I bond. Interception of these transient radicals with various SOMOphiles enables the rapid synthesis of organic scaffolds containing synthetic handles (B, Si, and Ge) for subsequent orthogonal activation. In-depth theoretical and mechanistic studies reveal the prominent role of 2,6-lutidine in forming a photoactive charge transfer complex and in stabilizing in situ generated iodine radicals, as well as the influential role of the boron p-orbital in the activation/weakening of the C-I bond. This simple and efficient methodology enabled expedient access to functionalized 3D frameworks that can be further derivatized using available technologies for C-B and C-Si bond activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lewis McGhie
- Department
of Biomolecular Systems, Max-Planck-Institute
of Colloids and Interfaces, Potsdam 14476, Germany
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität
Berlin, Berlin 14195, Germany
| | - Alessandro Marotta
- Department
of Biomolecular Systems, Max-Planck-Institute
of Colloids and Interfaces, Potsdam 14476, Germany
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität
Berlin, Berlin 14195, Germany
| | - Patrick O. Loftus
- Department
of Biomolecular Systems, Max-Planck-Institute
of Colloids and Interfaces, Potsdam 14476, Germany
| | - Peter H. Seeberger
- Department
of Biomolecular Systems, Max-Planck-Institute
of Colloids and Interfaces, Potsdam 14476, Germany
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität
Berlin, Berlin 14195, Germany
| | - Ignacio Funes-Ardoiz
- Department
of Chemistry, Instituto de Investigación Química de
la Universidad de La Rioja (IQUR), Universidad
de La Rioja Madre de Dios 53, Logroño 26004, Spain
| | - John J. Molloy
- Department
of Biomolecular Systems, Max-Planck-Institute
of Colloids and Interfaces, Potsdam 14476, Germany
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33
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Pillitteri S, Walia R, Van der Eycken EV, Sharma UK. Hydroalkylation of styrenes enabled by boryl radical mediated halogen atom transfer. Chem Sci 2024; 15:8813-8819. [PMID: 38873058 PMCID: PMC11168110 DOI: 10.1039/d4sc01731e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024] Open
Abstract
In this study, we present an inexpensive, stable, and easily available boryl radical source (BPh4Na) employed in a Halogen Atom Transfer (XAT) methodology. This mild and convenient strategy unlocks the use of not only alkyl iodides as radical precursors but also of the more challenging alkyl and aryl bromides to generate C-centered radicals. The generated radicals were further engaged in the anti-Markovnikov hydroalkylation of electronically diverse styrenes, therefore achieving the formation of C(sp3)-C(sp3) and C(sp3)-C(sp2) bonds. A series of experimental and computational studies revealed the prominent role of BPh4Na in the halogen abstraction step.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serena Pillitteri
- Laboratory for Organic & Microwave-Assisted Chemistry (LOMAC), Department of Chemistry, University of Leuven (KU Leuven) Celestijnenlaan 200F B-3001 Leuven Belgium
| | - Rajat Walia
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong Pokfulam Road Hong Kong SAR
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong Tat Chee Avenue Kowloon Hong Kong SAR
| | - Erik V Van der Eycken
- Laboratory for Organic & Microwave-Assisted Chemistry (LOMAC), Department of Chemistry, University of Leuven (KU Leuven) Celestijnenlaan 200F B-3001 Leuven Belgium
- Peoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University) Miklukho-Maklaya Street 6 117198 Moscow Russia
| | - Upendra K Sharma
- Laboratory for Organic & Microwave-Assisted Chemistry (LOMAC), Department of Chemistry, University of Leuven (KU Leuven) Celestijnenlaan 200F B-3001 Leuven Belgium
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34
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Yan W, Poore AT, Yin L, Carter S, Ho YS, Wang C, Yachuw SC, Cheng YH, Krause JA, Cheng MJ, Zhang S, Tian S, Liu W. Catalytically Relevant Organocopper(III) Complexes Formed through Aryl-Radical-Enabled Oxidative Addition. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:15176-15185. [PMID: 38770641 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c01668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
Stepwise oxidative addition of copper(I) complexes to form copper(III) species via single electron transfer (SET) events has been widely proposed in copper catalysis. However, direct observation and detailed investigation of these fundamental steps remain elusive owing largely to the typically slow oxidative addition rate of copper(I) complexes and the instability of the copper(III) species. We report herein a novel aryl-radical-enabled stepwise oxidative addition pathway that allows for the formation of well-defined alkyl-CuIII species from CuI complexes. The process is enabled by the SET from a CuI species to an aryl diazonium salt to form a CuII species and an aryl radical. Subsequent iodine abstraction from an alkyl iodide by the aryl radical affords an alkyl radical, which then reacts with the CuII species to form the alkyl-CuIII complex. The structure of resultant [(bpy)CuIII(CF3)2(alkyl)] complexes has been characterized by NMR spectroscopy and X-ray crystallography. Competition experiments have revealed that the rate at which different alkyl iodides undergo oxidative addition is consistent with the rate of iodine abstraction by carbon-centered radicals. The CuII intermediate formed during the SET process has been identified as a four-coordinate complex, [CuII(CH3CN)2(CF3)2], through electronic paramagnetic resonance (EPR) studies. The catalytic relevance of the high-valent organo-CuIII has been demonstrated by the C-C bond-forming reductive elimination reactivity. Finally, localized orbital bonding analysis of these formal CuIII complexes indicates inverted ligand fields in σ(Cu-CH2) bonds. These results demonstrate the stepwise oxidative addition in copper catalysis and provide a general strategy to investigate the elusive formal CuIII complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhao Yan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45221, United States
| | - Andrew T Poore
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Lingfeng Yin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45221, United States
| | - Samantha Carter
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Yeu-Shiuan Ho
- Department of Chemistry, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
| | - Chao Wang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45221, United States
| | - Stephen C Yachuw
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Yu-Ho Cheng
- Department of Chemistry, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
| | - Jeanette A Krause
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45221, United States
| | - Mu-Jeng Cheng
- Department of Chemistry, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
| | - Shiyu Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Shiliang Tian
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Wei Liu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45221, United States
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35
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Lee J, Lee S. Dehalogenative deuteration of alkyl and aryl bromides by thiyl radical catalysis under visible-light irradiation. Chem Commun (Camb) 2024; 60:5526-5529. [PMID: 38695506 DOI: 10.1039/d4cc00474d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
Herein, we report a mild and practical method for the deuteration of alkyl and aryl bromides by a thiyl radical catalyst and halogen-atom transfer (XAT) using disulfides and silanes under visible-light irradiation. In this study, various organic bromides such as 1°, 2°, and 3°-alkyl bromides and aryl bromides were converted to deuterated products in good to excellent yields and D-incorporation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiin Lee
- Department of Physics and Chemistry, DGIST, Daegu 42988, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sunggi Lee
- Department of Physics and Chemistry, DGIST, Daegu 42988, Republic of Korea.
- Center for Basic Science, DGIST, Daegu 42988, Republic of Korea
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36
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Papadopoulos I, Bosveli A, Montagnon T, Zachilas I, Kalaitzakis D, Vassilikogiannakis G. Eosin, blue LEDs and DIPEA are employed in a simple synthesis of (poly)cyclic O, O- and N, O-acetals. Chem Commun (Camb) 2024; 60:5494-5497. [PMID: 38712582 DOI: 10.1039/d4cc01175a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
A simple procedure for the synthesis of (poly)cyclic O,O- and N,O-acetals from various enol ethers, N-acyl enamines or Boc-protected enamines has been developed. The key step is a photocatalytic Stork-Ueno-type cylization using the very simple metal-free conditions of catalytic eosin, diisopropylamine in the green solvent ethanol with blue LED irradition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioannis Papadopoulos
- Department of Chemistry, University of Crete, Vasilika Vouton, 71003, Iraklion, Crete, Greece.
| | - Artemis Bosveli
- Department of Chemistry, University of Crete, Vasilika Vouton, 71003, Iraklion, Crete, Greece.
| | - Tamsyn Montagnon
- Department of Chemistry, University of Crete, Vasilika Vouton, 71003, Iraklion, Crete, Greece.
| | - Ioannis Zachilas
- Department of Chemistry, University of Crete, Vasilika Vouton, 71003, Iraklion, Crete, Greece.
| | - Dimitris Kalaitzakis
- Department of Chemistry, University of Crete, Vasilika Vouton, 71003, Iraklion, Crete, Greece.
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37
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Kaplaneris N, Akdeniz M, Fillols M, Arrighi F, Raymenants F, Sanil G, Gryko DT, Noël T. Photocatalytic Functionalization of Dehydroalanine-Derived Peptides in Batch and Flow. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202403271. [PMID: 38497510 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202403271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2024] [Revised: 03/17/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
Unnatural amino acids, and their synthesis by the late-stage functionalization (LSF) of peptides, play a crucial role in areas such as drug design and discovery. Historically, the LSF of biomolecules has predominantly utilized traditional synthetic methodologies that exploit nucleophilic residues, such as cysteine, lysine or tyrosine. Herein, we present a photocatalytic hydroarylation process targeting the electrophilic residue dehydroalanine (Dha). This residue possesses an α,β-unsaturated moiety and can be combined with various arylthianthrenium salts, both in batch and flow reactors. Notably, the flow setup proved instrumental for efficient scale-up, paving the way for the synthesis of unnatural amino acids and peptides in substantial quantities. Our photocatalytic approach, being inherently mild, permits the diversification of peptides even when they contain sensitive functional groups. The readily available arylthianthrenium salts facilitate the seamless integration of Dha-containing peptides with a wide range of arenes, drug blueprints, and natural products, culminating in the creation of unconventional phenylalanine derivatives. The synergistic effect of the high functional group tolerance and the modular characteristic of the aryl electrophile enables efficient peptide conjugation and ligation in both batch and flow conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolaos Kaplaneris
- Flow Chemistry Group, Van't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences (HIMS), University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Merve Akdeniz
- Flow Chemistry Group, Van't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences (HIMS), University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Méritxell Fillols
- Flow Chemistry Group, Van't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences (HIMS), University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Francesca Arrighi
- Flow Chemistry Group, Van't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences (HIMS), University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Drug Chemistry and Technologies, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Fabian Raymenants
- Flow Chemistry Group, Van't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences (HIMS), University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Gana Sanil
- Flow Chemistry Group, Van't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences (HIMS), University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Daniel T Gryko
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Timothy Noël
- Flow Chemistry Group, Van't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences (HIMS), University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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38
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Upreti GC, Singh T, Khanna K, Sahoo D, Singh A. Photocatalytic, α-Aminoalkyl Radical-Mediated, Methylene-Extrusive Ring-Closing Transformation of o-Alkynyl and o-Cyano Acrylamides. Org Lett 2024; 26:3652-3656. [PMID: 38656756 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.4c01165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Herein we report a visible-light-induced, α-aminoalkyl radical-mediated cascade reaction of 1,7-enynes that establishes a unique ring-closing enyne transformation pathway which occurs with concomitant loss of a methylene moiety. The α-aminoalkyl radical derived from N,N-dimethylaniline was demonstrated to be a traceless promoter of enyne reorganization leading to 4-alkylquinolinones. The reaction can also be extended to nitrile-substituted acrylamide systems, leading to carbostyrils. Experiments with deuterated N,N-dimethylaniline-d6 (PhN(CD3)2) established the involvement of 1,5-H atom transfer in the mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ganesh Chandra Upreti
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, UP-208016, India
| | - Tavinder Singh
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, UP-208016, India
| | - Kirti Khanna
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, UP-208016, India
| | - Debasish Sahoo
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, UP-208016, India
| | - Anand Singh
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, UP-208016, India
- Department of Sustainable Energy Engineering, Kotak School of Sustainability, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, UP-208016, India
- Chandrakanta Kesavan Center for Energy Policy and Climate Solutions, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, UP-208016, India
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39
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Zeng L, Xu CH, Zou XY, Sun Q, Hu M, Ouyang XH, He DL, Li JH. Iodoarene-directed photoredox β-C(sp 3)-H arylation of 1-( o-iodoaryl)alkan-1-ones with cyanoarenes via halogen atom transfer and hydrogen atom transfer. Chem Sci 2024; 15:6522-6529. [PMID: 38699280 PMCID: PMC11062093 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc06637a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Site selective functionalization of inert remote C(sp3)-H bonds to increase molecular complexity offers vital potential for chemical synthesis and new drug development, thus it has been attracting ongoing research interest. In particular, typical β-C(sp3)-H arylation methods using chelation-assisted metal catalysis or metal-catalyzed oxidative/photochemical in situ generated allyl C(sp3)-H bond processes have been well developed. However, radical-mediated direct β-C(sp3)-H arylation of carbonyls remains elusive. Herein, we describe an iodoarene-directed photoredox β-C(sp3)-H arylation of 1-(o-iodoaryl)alkan-1-ones with cyanoarenes via halogen atom transfer (XAT) and hydrogen atom transfer (HAT). The method involves diethylaminoethyl radical-mediated generation of an aryl radical intermediate via XAT, then directed 1,5-HAT to form the remote alkyl radical intermediate and radical-radical coupling with cyanoarenes, and is applicable to a broad scope of unactivated remote C(sp3)-H bonds like β-C(sp3)-H bonds of o-iodoaryl-substituted alkanones and α-C(sp3)-H bonds of o-iodoarylamides. Experimental findings are supported by computational studies (DFT calculations), revealing that this method operates via a radical-relay stepwise mechanism involving multiple SET, XAT, 1,5-HAT and radical-radical coupling processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, Hunan University Changsha 410082 China
- Key Laboratory of Jiangxi Province for Persistent Pollutants Control and Resources Recycle, Nanchang Hangkong University Nanchang 330063 China
| | - Chong-Hui Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, Hunan University Changsha 410082 China
| | - Xiu-Yuan Zou
- Key Laboratory of Jiangxi Province for Persistent Pollutants Control and Resources Recycle, Nanchang Hangkong University Nanchang 330063 China
| | - Qing Sun
- Key Laboratory of Jiangxi Province for Persistent Pollutants Control and Resources Recycle, Nanchang Hangkong University Nanchang 330063 China
| | - Ming Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, Hunan University Changsha 410082 China
- Key Laboratory of Jiangxi Province for Persistent Pollutants Control and Resources Recycle, Nanchang Hangkong University Nanchang 330063 China
| | - Xuan-Hui Ouyang
- Key Laboratory of Jiangxi Province for Persistent Pollutants Control and Resources Recycle, Nanchang Hangkong University Nanchang 330063 China
| | - De-Liang He
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, Hunan University Changsha 410082 China
| | - Jin-Heng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, Hunan University Changsha 410082 China
- State Key Laboratory Base of Eco-Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology Qingdao 266042 China
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University Lanzhou 730000 China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University Xinxiang Henan 475004 China
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40
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Lu YN, Che C, Zhen G, Chang X, Dong XQ, Wang CJ. Visible-light-enabled stereoselective synthesis of functionalized cyclohexylamine derivatives via [4 + 2] cycloadditions. Chem Sci 2024; 15:6507-6514. [PMID: 38699278 PMCID: PMC11062095 DOI: 10.1039/d4sc00667d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024] Open
Abstract
An unprecedented intermolecular [4 + 2] cycloaddition of benzocyclobutylamines with α-substituted vinylketones, enabled by photoredox catalysis, has been developed. The current method enables facile access to highly functionalized cyclohexylamine derivatives that were otherwise inaccessible, in moderate to good yields with excellent diastereoselectivities. This protocol has some excellent features, such as full atom economy, good functional-group compatibility, mild reaction conditions, and an overall redox-neutral process. Additionally, an asymmetric version of this cycloaddition was preliminarily investigated via the incorporation of a chiral phosphoric acid (CPA), and moderate to good enantioselectivity could be effectively realized with excellent diastereoselectivity. Synthetic applications were demonstrated via a scale-up experiment and elaborations to access amino alcohol and cyclobutene derivatives. Based on the results of control experiments, a reasonable reaction mechanism was proposed to elucidate the reaction pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Nan Lu
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Engineering Research Center of Organosilicon Compounds & Materials, Ministry of Education, Wuhan University Wuhan Hubei 430072 China
| | - Chao Che
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Engineering Research Center of Organosilicon Compounds & Materials, Ministry of Education, Wuhan University Wuhan Hubei 430072 China
| | - Guangjin Zhen
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Engineering Research Center of Organosilicon Compounds & Materials, Ministry of Education, Wuhan University Wuhan Hubei 430072 China
| | - Xin Chang
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Engineering Research Center of Organosilicon Compounds & Materials, Ministry of Education, Wuhan University Wuhan Hubei 430072 China
| | - Xiu-Qin Dong
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Engineering Research Center of Organosilicon Compounds & Materials, Ministry of Education, Wuhan University Wuhan Hubei 430072 China
| | - Chun-Jiang Wang
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Engineering Research Center of Organosilicon Compounds & Materials, Ministry of Education, Wuhan University Wuhan Hubei 430072 China
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry Shanghai 230021 China
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41
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Peng Y, Bao H, Zheng L, Zhou Y, Ni Q, Chen X, Li Y, Yan P, Yang YF, Liu Y. Cu(I)-Photosensitizer-Catalyzed Olefin-α-Amino Radical Metathesis/Demethylenative Cyclization of 1,7-Enynes. Org Lett 2024; 26:3218-3223. [PMID: 38587936 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.4c00793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
A demethylenative En-Yne radical cyclization of 1,7-enynes has been successfully developed to chemoselectively afford 3,4-dihyroquinolin-2-ones or quinolin-2-ones under the catalysis of Cu(I) photosensitizers PS3 and PS6 with different redox potentials. The preliminary mechanistic experiments revealed that the reaction underwent an unprecedented olefin-α-amino radical metathesis-type process. A reasonable mechanism was proposed to illustrate the catalyst-controlled chemoselectivity of the reaction based on preliminary mechanistic experiments and DFT calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Peng
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Chemistry-Synthesis Technology, College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, P. R. China
| | - Hanyang Bao
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Chemistry-Synthesis Technology, College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, P. R. China
- Raybow (Hangzhou) Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310018, P. R. China
| | - Limeng Zheng
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Chemistry-Synthesis Technology, College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, P. R. China
- Raybow (Hangzhou) Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310018, P. R. China
| | - Yan Zhou
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Chemistry-Synthesis Technology, College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, P. R. China
| | - Qibo Ni
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Chemistry-Synthesis Technology, College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, P. R. China
| | - Xiahe Chen
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Chemistry-Synthesis Technology, College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, P. R. China
| | - Yuanqiang Li
- Raybow (Hangzhou) Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310018, P. R. China
| | - Pucha Yan
- Raybow (Hangzhou) Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310018, P. R. China
| | - Yun-Fang Yang
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Chemistry-Synthesis Technology, College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, P. R. China
| | - Yunkui Liu
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Chemistry-Synthesis Technology, College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, P. R. China
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42
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Kundu S, Maji MS. Solution-Phase Late-Stage Chemoselective Photocatalytic Removal of Sulfonyl and Phenacyl Groups in Peptides. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202400033. [PMID: 38345998 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202400033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
Herein, BPC catalyzed visible-light-triggered target-specific late-stage solution phase desulfonylation from tryptophan in oligopeptides is portrayed by overcoming the isolation issue up to octamers. This robust and mild method is highly predictable and chemoselective, tolerating myriad of functional groups in aza-heteroaromatics and peptides. Interestingly, reductive desulfonylation is also amenable to biologically significant reactive histidine and tyrosine side chains, signifying the versatility of the strategy. Additional efficacy of BPC is demonstrated by solution phase phenacyl deprotection from C-terminal in peptides. Furthermore, excellent catalyst loading of 0.5 mol% and recyclability demonstrate the practical utility and applicability of this strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samrat Kundu
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, 721302, West Bengal, India
| | - Modhu Sudan Maji
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, 721302, West Bengal, India
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43
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Liu YL, Liu J, Li XY, He P, Liu YX, Xiang M, Tang S. A radical 1,4-aryl migration enables nickel-catalysed remote cross-electrophile coupling of β-bromo amino acid esters with vinyl triflates. Chem Commun (Camb) 2024; 60:4306-4309. [PMID: 38533558 DOI: 10.1039/d4cc00627e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
A radical 1,4-aryl migration enabling a cross-electrophile coupling reaction toward remote transalkylation of N-benzyl alanine has been developed. In this strategy, with the occurrence of a radical-mediated Turce-Smiles rearrangement, key α-aminoalkyl radicals are generated. The as-formed α-aminoalkyl radical serves as a robust coupling partner for cross-electrophilic coupling with vinyl triflates, affording a series of olefin-tethered amino acid motifs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin-Ling Liu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jishou University, Jishou 416000, China.
| | - Jian Liu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jishou University, Jishou 416000, China.
| | - Xin-Yu Li
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jishou University, Jishou 416000, China.
| | - Peng He
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jishou University, Jishou 416000, China.
| | - Yu-Xuan Liu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jishou University, Jishou 416000, China.
| | - Mei Xiang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jishou University, Jishou 416000, China.
| | - Shi Tang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jishou University, Jishou 416000, China.
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44
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Tripathy A, Bisoyi A, P A, Venugopal S, Yatham VR. Synergistic Merger of Ketone, Halogen Atom Transfer (XAT), and Nickel-Mediated C(sp 3)-C(sp 2) Cross-Electrophile Coupling Enabled by Light. ACS ORGANIC & INORGANIC AU 2024; 4:229-234. [PMID: 38585508 PMCID: PMC10996044 DOI: 10.1021/acsorginorgau.3c00062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
In the present manuscript, we have developed a unique catalytic system by merging photoexcited ketone catalysis, halogen atom transfer (XAT), and nickel catalysis to forge C(sp3)-C(sp2) cross-electrophile coupling products from unactivated iodoalkanes and (hetero)aryl bromides. The synergistic catalytic system works under mild reaction conditions and tolerates a variety of functional groups; moreover, this strategy allows the late-stage modification of medicinally relevant molecules. Preliminary mechanistic studies reveal the role of the α-aminoalkyl radical, which further participates in the XAT process with alkyl iodides to generate the desired alkyl radical, which eventually intercepts with the nickel catalytic cycle to liberate the products in good to excellent yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alisha
Rani Tripathy
- School
of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science
Education and Research, Thiruvananthapuram 695551, India
| | - Akash Bisoyi
- School
of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science
Education and Research, Thiruvananthapuram 695551, India
| | - Arya P
- School
of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science
Education and Research, Thiruvananthapuram 695551, India
| | - Sreelakshmi Venugopal
- School
of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science
Education and Research, Thiruvananthapuram 695551, India
| | - Veera Reddy Yatham
- School
of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science
Education and Research, Thiruvananthapuram 695551, India
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45
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Hossain MM, Shaikh AC, Kaur R, Gianetti TL. Red Light-Blue Light Chromoselective C(sp 2)-X Bond Activation by Organic Helicenium-Based Photocatalysis. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:7922-7930. [PMID: 38498938 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c13380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
Chromoselective bond activation has been achieved in organic helicenium (nPr-DMQA+)-based photoredox catalysis. Consequently, control over chromoselective C(sp2)-X bond activation in multihalogenated aromatics has been demonstrated. nPr-DMQA+ can only initiate the halogen atom transfer (XAT) pathway under red light irradiation to activate low-energy-accessible C(sp2)-I bonds. In contrast, blue light irradiation initiates consecutive photoinduced electron transfer (conPET) to activate more challenging C(sp2)-Br bonds. Comparative reaction outcomes have been demonstrated in the α-arylation of cyclic ketones with red and blue lights. Furthermore, red-light-mediated selective C(sp2)-I bonds have been activated in iodobromoarenes to keep the bromo functional handle untouched. Finally, the strength of the chromoselective catalysis has been highlighted with two-fold functionalization using both photo-to-transition metal and photo-to-photocatalyzed transformations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Mubarak Hossain
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
| | - Aslam C Shaikh
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Ropar, Rupnagar, Punjab 140001, India
| | - Ramandeep Kaur
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
| | - Thomas L Gianetti
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
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46
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Tiwari S, Kumari M, Rawat DS. Air Induced Phosphoryl Radical Mediated Stereoselective Hydrosulfonylation of Alkynes via Halogen Atom Transfer: Ingress of Z-Vinyl Sulfones. Org Lett 2024; 26:2303-2308. [PMID: 38457440 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.4c00539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/10/2024]
Abstract
The phosphoryl radical is well-known to participate in addition reactions with alkenes/alkynes. Here, we report a novel reaction mode of the phosphoryl radical where it participates in halogen atom transfer (XAT) with electron deficient vinyl halides instead of a facile addition reaction. Nevertheless, in comparison with aryl and alkyl halides, the exploitation of vinyl halides into a carbon radical via XAT is quite rare. This protocol provides an opportunity for direct hydrosulfonylation of numerous internal as well as terminal alkynes to get various Z-vinyl sulfones under environmentally benign conditions. Generation of the phosphoryl radical in the open air, water as a solvent, excellent functional group compatibility, and exceptional chemoselectivity are the attractive features of the present methodology.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Manisha Kumari
- Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, Delhi-110007, India
| | - Diwan S Rawat
- Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, Delhi-110007, India
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47
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Shlapakov NS, Kobelev AD, Burykina JV, Kostyukovich AY, König B, Ananikov VP. Reversible Radical Addition Guides Selective Photocatalytic Intermolecular Thiol-Yne-Ene Molecular Assembly. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202314208. [PMID: 38240738 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202314208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 02/21/2024]
Abstract
In modern organic chemistry, harnessing the power of multicomponent radical reactions presents both significant challenges and extraordinary potential. This article delves into this scientific frontier by addressing the critical issue of controlling selectivity in such complex processes. We introduce a novel approach that revolves around the reversible addition of thiyl radicals to multiple bonds, reshaping the landscape of multicomponent radical reactions. The key to selectivity lies in the intricate interplay between reversibility and the energy landscapes governing C-C bond formation in thiol-yne-ene reactions. The developed approach not only allows to prioritize the thiol-yne-ene cascade, dominating over alternative reactions, but also extends the scope of coupling products obtained from alkenes and alkynes of various structures and electron density distributions, regardless of their relative polarity difference, opening doors to more versatile synthetic possibilities. In the present study, we provide a powerful tool for atom-economical C-S and C-C bond formation, paving the way for the efficient synthesis of complex molecules. Carrying out our experimental and computational studies, we elucidated the fundamental mechanisms underlying radical cascades, a knowledge that can be broadly applied in the field of organic chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikita S Shlapakov
- Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prospect, 47, 119991, Moscow, Russia
| | - Andrey D Kobelev
- Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prospect, 47, 119991, Moscow, Russia
- Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory GSP-1, 1-3, 119991, Moscow, Russia
| | - Julia V Burykina
- Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prospect, 47, 119991, Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexander Yu Kostyukovich
- Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prospect, 47, 119991, Moscow, Russia
| | - Burkhard König
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Regensburg, Universitätstrasse 31, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Valentine P Ananikov
- Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prospect, 47, 119991, Moscow, Russia
- Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory GSP-1, 1-3, 119991, Moscow, Russia
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48
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Zeng L, Ren HZ, Lv GF, Ouyang XH, He DL, Li JH. Electroreductive Remote Benzylic C(sp 3)-H Arylation of Aliphatic Ethers Using Cyanoarenes for the Synthesis of α-(Hetero)aryl Ethers. Org Lett 2024. [PMID: 38502576 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.4c00615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
An iodoarene-driven electroreductive remote C(sp3)-H arylation of unsymmetrical 1-(o-iodoaryl)alkyl ethers with cyanoarenes for the site selective synthesis of α-(hetero)aryl ethers is developed. With the introduction of cyanoarenes as both aryl sources and electron transfer mediators, this method includes an iodoarene-driven strategy to enable the regiocontrollable formation of two new bonds, one C(sp2)-H bond, and one C(sp2)-C(sp3) bond, in a single reaction step through the sequence of halogen atom transfer (XAT), hydrogen atom transfer (HAT), radical-radical coupling, and decyanation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Jiangxi Province for Persistent Pollutants Control and Resources Recycle, Nanchang Hangkong University, Nanchang 330063, China
- State Key Laboratory Base of Eco-Chemical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Hua-Zhan Ren
- State Key Laboratory Base of Eco-Chemical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China
| | - Gui-Fen Lv
- Key Laboratory of Jiangxi Province for Persistent Pollutants Control and Resources Recycle, Nanchang Hangkong University, Nanchang 330063, China
| | - Xuan-Hui Ouyang
- Key Laboratory of Jiangxi Province for Persistent Pollutants Control and Resources Recycle, Nanchang Hangkong University, Nanchang 330063, China
| | - De-Liang He
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Jin-Heng Li
- Key Laboratory of Jiangxi Province for Persistent Pollutants Control and Resources Recycle, Nanchang Hangkong University, Nanchang 330063, China
- State Key Laboratory Base of Eco-Chemical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
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49
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De Jesus IS, Vélez JAC, Pissinati EF, Correia JTM, Rivera DG, Paixao MW. Recent Advances in Photoinduced Modification of Amino Acids, Peptides, and Proteins. CHEM REC 2024; 24:e202300322. [PMID: 38279622 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.202300322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2024]
Abstract
The chemical modification of biopolymers like peptides and proteins is a key technology to access vaccines and pharmaceuticals. Similarly, the tunable derivatization of individual amino acids is important as they are key building blocks of biomolecules, bioactive natural products, synthetic polymers, and innovative materials. The high diversity of functional groups present in amino acid-based molecules represents a significant challenge for their selective derivatization Recently, visible light-mediated transformations have emerged as a powerful strategy for achieving chemoselective biomolecule modification. This technique offers numerous advantages over other methods, including a higher selectivity, mild reaction conditions and high functional-group tolerance. This review provides an overview of the most recent methods covering the photoinduced modification for single amino acids and site-selective functionalization in peptides and proteins under mild and even biocompatible conditions. Future challenges and perspectives are discussed beyond the diverse types of photocatalytic transformations that are currently available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iva S De Jesus
- Laboratory for Sustainable Organic Synthesis and Catalysis, Department of Chemistry, Federal University of São Carlos - UFSCar, São Carlos, São Paulo, 13565-905, Brazil
| | - Jeimy A C Vélez
- Laboratory for Sustainable Organic Synthesis and Catalysis, Department of Chemistry, Federal University of São Carlos - UFSCar, São Carlos, São Paulo, 13565-905, Brazil
| | - Emanuele F Pissinati
- Laboratory for Sustainable Organic Synthesis and Catalysis, Department of Chemistry, Federal University of São Carlos - UFSCar, São Carlos, São Paulo, 13565-905, Brazil
| | - Jose Tiago M Correia
- Laboratory for Sustainable Organic Synthesis and Catalysis, Department of Chemistry, Federal University of São Carlos - UFSCar, São Carlos, São Paulo, 13565-905, Brazil
| | - Daniel G Rivera
- Laboratory of Synthetic and Biomolecular Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Havana Zapata & G, Havana, 10400, Cuba
| | - Márcio W Paixao
- Laboratory for Sustainable Organic Synthesis and Catalysis, Department of Chemistry, Federal University of São Carlos - UFSCar, São Carlos, São Paulo, 13565-905, Brazil
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50
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Mao X, Li MM, Wang P, Cao Q, Zhou W, Ding W. Transition-Metal-Free Anti-Markovnikov Hydroarylation of Alkenes with Aryl Chlorides through Consecutive Photoinduced Electron Transfer. Org Lett 2024; 26:1265-1270. [PMID: 38319734 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.4c00106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
The hydroarylation of alkenes has emerged as a powerful strategy for arene functionalization. However, aryl chlorides remain a large challenge in this type of reaction due to the chemical inertness of the C(sp2)-Cl bond and high negative reduction potential. Herein, we report an anti-Markovnikov radical hydroarylation of alkenes with aryl chlorides via visible-light photoredox catalysis. The key reactive aryl radicals can be efficiently achieved from aryl chlorides by consecutive photoinduced electron transfer. This transition-metal-free protocol features mild conditions, a wide substrate scope, and functional group tolerance, producing a diverse range of linear alkylarenes in moderate to good yields. The reaction is proposed to proceed through a radical-polar crossover pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xudong Mao
- Division of Molecular Catalysis and Synthesis, Henan Institute of Advanced Technology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, P. R. China
| | - Miao-Miao Li
- Division of Molecular Catalysis and Synthesis, Henan Institute of Advanced Technology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, P. R. China
| | - Pengfei Wang
- Technology Center of China Tobacco Henan Industrial Co., Ltd, Zhengzhou 450000, P. R. China
| | - Qingzhi Cao
- Division of Molecular Catalysis and Synthesis, Henan Institute of Advanced Technology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, P. R. China
| | - Wei Zhou
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, P. R. China
| | - Wei Ding
- Division of Molecular Catalysis and Synthesis, Henan Institute of Advanced Technology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, P. R. China
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