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Zha Q, Aliaga D, Krejci R, Sinclair VA, Wu C, Ciarelli G, Scholz W, Heikkinen L, Partoll E, Gramlich Y, Huang W, Leiminger M, Enroth J, Peräkylä O, Cai R, Chen X, Koenig AM, Velarde F, Moreno I, Petäjä T, Artaxo P, Laj P, Hansel A, Carbone S, Kulmala M, Andrade M, Worsnop D, Mohr C, Bianchi F. Oxidized organic molecules in the tropical free troposphere over Amazonia. Natl Sci Rev 2024; 11:nwad138. [PMID: 38116089 PMCID: PMC10727843 DOI: 10.1093/nsr/nwad138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Revised: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023] Open
Abstract
New particle formation (NPF) in the tropical free troposphere (FT) is a globally important source of cloud condensation nuclei, affecting cloud properties and climate. Oxidized organic molecules (OOMs) produced from biogenic volatile organic compounds are believed to contribute to aerosol formation in the tropical FT, but without direct chemical observations. We performed in situ molecular-level OOMs measurements at the Bolivian station Chacaltaya at 5240 m above sea level, on the western edge of Amazonia. For the first time, we demonstrate the presence of OOMs, mainly with 4-5 carbon atoms, in both gas-phase and particle-phase (in terms of mass contribution) measurements in tropical FT air from Amazonia. These observations, combined with air mass history analyses, indicate that the observed OOMs are linked to isoprene emitted from the rainforests hundreds of kilometers away. Based on particle-phase measurements, we find that these compounds can contribute to NPF, at least the growth of newly formed nanoparticles, in the tropical FT on a continental scale. Thus, our study is a fundamental and significant step in understanding the aerosol formation process in the tropical FT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiaozhi Zha
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research / Physics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki00014, Finland
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Atmospheric and Earth System Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing210023, China
| | - Diego Aliaga
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research / Physics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki00014, Finland
| | - Radovan Krejci
- Department of Environmental Science & Bolin Centre for Climate Research, Stockholm University, Stockholm, SE-106 91, Sweden
| | - Victoria A Sinclair
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research / Physics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki00014, Finland
| | - Cheng Wu
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg 40530, Sweden
| | - Giancarlo Ciarelli
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research / Physics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki00014, Finland
| | - Wiebke Scholz
- Institute for Ion and Applied Physics, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck 6020, Austria
| | - Liine Heikkinen
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research / Physics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki00014, Finland
- Department of Environmental Science & Bolin Centre for Climate Research, Stockholm University, Stockholm, SE-106 91, Sweden
| | - Eva Partoll
- Institute for Ion and Applied Physics, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck 6020, Austria
| | - Yvette Gramlich
- Department of Environmental Science & Bolin Centre for Climate Research, Stockholm University, Stockholm, SE-106 91, Sweden
| | - Wei Huang
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research / Physics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki00014, Finland
| | - Markus Leiminger
- Institute for Ion and Applied Physics, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck 6020, Austria
- Ionicon Analytik GmbH, Innsbruck 6020, Austria
| | - Joonas Enroth
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research / Physics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki00014, Finland
| | - Otso Peräkylä
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research / Physics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki00014, Finland
| | - Runlong Cai
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research / Physics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki00014, Finland
| | - Xuemeng Chen
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research / Physics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki00014, Finland
| | - Alkuin Maximilian Koenig
- Laboratory for Atmospheric Physics, Institute for Physics Research, Universidad Mayor de San Andrés, La Paz, Bolivia
| | - Fernando Velarde
- Laboratory for Atmospheric Physics, Institute for Physics Research, Universidad Mayor de San Andrés, La Paz, Bolivia
| | - Isabel Moreno
- Laboratory for Atmospheric Physics, Institute for Physics Research, Universidad Mayor de San Andrés, La Paz, Bolivia
| | - Tuukka Petäjä
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research / Physics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki00014, Finland
| | - Paulo Artaxo
- Institute of Physics, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo 05508-900, Brazil
| | - Paolo Laj
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research / Physics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki00014, Finland
- Institute for Geosciences and Environmental Research (IGE), University of Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble38000, France
| | - Armin Hansel
- Institute for Ion and Applied Physics, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck 6020, Austria
| | - Samara Carbone
- Agrarian Sciences Institute, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia 38408-100, Brazil
| | - Markku Kulmala
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research / Physics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki00014, Finland
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Atmospheric and Earth System Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing210023, China
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing100029, China
| | - Marcos Andrade
- Laboratory for Atmospheric Physics, Institute for Physics Research, Universidad Mayor de San Andrés, La Paz, Bolivia
- Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Douglas Worsnop
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research / Physics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki00014, Finland
- Aerodyne Research, Inc., Billerica, MA01821, USA
| | - Claudia Mohr
- Department of Environmental System Science, ETH Zürich, Zürich 8092, Switzerland
- Switzerland and Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen 5232, Switzerland
| | - Federico Bianchi
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research / Physics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki00014, Finland
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2
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Fu M, Li H, Wang L, Tian M, Qin X, Zou X, Chen C, Wang G, Deng C, Huang K. Atmospheric saccharides over the East China Sea: Assessment of the contribution of sea-land emission and the aging of levoglucosan. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 898:165328. [PMID: 37423276 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.165328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
A one-year observation of aerosols on a remote island was conducted and saccharides were applied to reveal the behaviors of organic aerosol in the East China Sea (ECS). The seasonal fluctuations of total saccharides were relatively small, with annual mean concentration of 64.82 ± 26.88 ng/m3, contributing 10.20 % and 4.90 % to WSOC and OC, respectively. However, the individual species showed significant seasonal variations due to the differences in both the emission sources and the influencing factors between marine and terrestrial areas. Anhydrosugars was the highest species and showed little diurnal variation in air mass from land areas. Primary sugars and primary sugar alcohols showed higher concentrations in blooming spring and summer and were higher in daytime than nighttime due to intense biogenic emissions both in marine and mainland areas. Accordingly, secondary sugar alcohols showed obvious different diurnal variation with ratios of day/night reducing to 0.86 in summer but even increasing to 1.53 in winter, attributing to the additional impact of secondary transmission process. Source appointment suggested that biomass burning emission (36.41 %) and biogenic emission (43.17 %) were the main causes of organic aerosol, while anthropogenic related secondary process and sea salt injection accounted for 13.57 % and 6.85 %, respectively. We further elucidate that the biomass burning emission might be underestimated, as levoglucosan undergoes degradation processes in the atmosphere, which are affected by various atmospheric physicochemical factors, and the degradation degree is particularly severe in remote areas like the oceans. In addition, significantly low ratio of levoglucosan to mannosan (L/M) occurred in air mass from marine area, indicating that levoglucosan was likely be more fully aged after hovering over a large-scale of oceanic area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengxin Fu
- Center for Atmospheric Chemistry Study, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP(3)), Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Hao Li
- Center for Atmospheric Chemistry Study, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP(3)), Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Lan Wang
- Center for Atmospheric Chemistry Study, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP(3)), Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Mengke Tian
- Center for Atmospheric Chemistry Study, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP(3)), Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Xiaofei Qin
- Center for Atmospheric Chemistry Study, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP(3)), Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Xuan Zou
- Center for Atmospheric Chemistry Study, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP(3)), Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Cheng Chen
- Center for Atmospheric Chemistry Study, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP(3)), Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Guochen Wang
- Center for Atmospheric Chemistry Study, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP(3)), Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Congrui Deng
- Center for Atmospheric Chemistry Study, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP(3)), Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China; Institute of Eco-Chongming (IEC), Shanghai 202162, China; IRDR ICoE on Risk Interconnectivity and Governance on Weather/Climate Extremes Impact and Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China.
| | - Kan Huang
- Center for Atmospheric Chemistry Study, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP(3)), Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China; Institute of Eco-Chongming (IEC), Shanghai 202162, China; IRDR ICoE on Risk Interconnectivity and Governance on Weather/Climate Extremes Impact and Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China.
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3
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Sukul P, Richter A, Junghanss C, Schubert JK, Miekisch W. Origin of breath isoprene in humans is revealed via multi-omic investigations. Commun Biol 2023; 6:999. [PMID: 37777700 PMCID: PMC10542801 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-023-05384-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Plants, animals and humans metabolically produce volatile isoprene (C5H8). Humans continuously exhale isoprene and exhaled concentrations differ under various physio-metabolic and pathophysiological conditions. Yet unknown metabolic origin hinders isoprene to reach clinical practice as a biomarker. Screening 2000 individuals from consecutive mass-spectrometric studies, we herein identify five healthy German adults without exhaled isoprene. Whole exome sequencing in these adults reveals only one shared homozygous (European prevalence: <1%) IDI2 stop-gain mutation, which causes losses of enzyme active site and Mg2+-cofactor binding sites. Consequently, the conversion of isopentenyl diphosphate to dimethylallyl diphosphate (DMAPP) as part of the cholesterol metabolism is prevented in these adults. Targeted sequencing depicts that the IDI2 rs1044261 variant (p.Trp144Stop) is heterozygous in isoprene deficient blood-relatives and absent in unrelated isoprene normal adults. Wild-type IDI1 and cholesterol metabolism related serological parameters are normal in all adults. IDI2 determines isoprene production as only DMAPP sources isoprene and unlike plants, humans lack isoprene synthase and its enzyme homologue. Human IDI2 is expressed only in skeletal-myocellular peroxisomes and instant spikes in isoprene exhalation during muscle activity underpins its origin from muscular lipolytic cholesterol metabolism. Our findings translate isoprene as a clinically interpretable breath biomarker towards potential applications in human medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pritam Sukul
- Rostock Medical Breath Research Analytics and Technologies (ROMBAT), Dept. of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care Medicine and Pain Therapy, University Medicine Rostock, Schillingallee 35, 18057, Rostock, Germany.
| | - Anna Richter
- Department of Medicine, Clinic III - Hematology, Oncology, Palliative Medicine, Rostock University Medical Center, Ernst-Heydemann-Strasse 6, 18057, Rostock, Germany
| | - Christian Junghanss
- Department of Medicine, Clinic III - Hematology, Oncology, Palliative Medicine, Rostock University Medical Center, Ernst-Heydemann-Strasse 6, 18057, Rostock, Germany
| | - Jochen K Schubert
- Rostock Medical Breath Research Analytics and Technologies (ROMBAT), Dept. of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care Medicine and Pain Therapy, University Medicine Rostock, Schillingallee 35, 18057, Rostock, Germany
| | - Wolfram Miekisch
- Rostock Medical Breath Research Analytics and Technologies (ROMBAT), Dept. of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care Medicine and Pain Therapy, University Medicine Rostock, Schillingallee 35, 18057, Rostock, Germany
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4
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Jo DS, Nault BA, Tilmes S, Gettelman A, McCluskey CS, Hodzic A, Henze DK, Nawaz MO, Fung KM, Jimenez JL. Global Health and Climate Effects of Organic Aerosols from Different Sources. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2023; 57:13793-13807. [PMID: 37671787 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c02823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/07/2023]
Abstract
The impact of aerosols on human health and climate is well-recognized, yet many studies have only focused on total PM2.5 or changes from anthropogenic activities. This study quantifies the health and climate effects of organic aerosols (OA) from anthropogenic, biomass burning, and biogenic sources. Using two atmospheric chemistry models, CAM-chem and GEOS-Chem, our findings reveal that anthropogenic primary OA (POA) has the highest efficiency for health effects but the lowest for direct radiative effects due to spatial and temporal variations associated with population and surface albedo. The treatment of POA as nonvolatile or semivolatile also influences these efficiencies through different chemical processes. Biogenic OA shows moderate efficiency for health effects and the highest for direct radiative effects but has the lowest efficiency for indirect effects due to the reduced high cloud, caused by stabilized temperature profiles from aerosol-radiation interactions in biogenic OA-rich regions. Biomass burning OA is important for cloud radiative effect changes in remote atmospheres due to its ability to be transported further than other OAs. This study highlights the importance of not only OA characteristics such as toxicity and refractive index but also atmospheric processes such as transport and chemistry in determining health and climate impact efficiencies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duseong S Jo
- Atmospheric Chemistry Observations and Modeling Laboratory, National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, Colorado 80301, United States
| | - Benjamin A Nault
- Center for Aerosols and Cloud Chemistry, Aerodyne Research, Inc., Billerica, Massachusetts 01821, United States
- Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, United States
| | - Simone Tilmes
- Atmospheric Chemistry Observations and Modeling Laboratory, National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, Colorado 80301, United States
| | - Andrew Gettelman
- Atmospheric Chemistry Observations and Modeling Laboratory, National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, Colorado 80301, United States
- Climate and Global Dynamics Laboratory, National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, Colorado 80305, United States
| | - Christina S McCluskey
- Climate and Global Dynamics Laboratory, National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, Colorado 80305, United States
| | - Alma Hodzic
- Atmospheric Chemistry Observations and Modeling Laboratory, National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, Colorado 80301, United States
| | - Daven K Henze
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Muhammad Omar Nawaz
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Ka Ming Fung
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Jose L Jimenez
- Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
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5
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Palmer PI, Woodwark AJP, Finch DP, Taylor TE, Butz A, Tamminen J, Bösch H, Eldering A, Vincent-Bonnieu S. Role of space station instruments for improving tropical carbon flux estimates using atmospheric data. NPJ Microgravity 2022; 8:51. [PMID: 36404345 PMCID: PMC9676185 DOI: 10.1038/s41526-022-00231-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The tropics is the nexus for many of the remaining gaps in our knowledge of environmental science, including the carbon cycle and atmospheric chemistry, with dire consequences for our ability to describe the Earth system response to a warming world. Difficulties associated with accessibility, coordinated funding models and economic instabilities preclude the establishment of a dense pan-tropical ground-based atmospheric measurement network that would otherwise help to describe the evolving state of tropical ecosystems and the associated biosphere-atmosphere fluxes on decadal timescales. The growing number of relevant sensors aboard sun-synchronous polar orbiters provide invaluable information over the remote tropics, but a large fraction of the data collected along their orbits is from higher latitudes. The International Space Station (ISS), which is in a low-inclination, precessing orbit, has already demonstrated value as a proving ground for Earth observing atmospheric sensors and as a testbed for new technology. Because low-inclination orbits spend more time collecting data over the tropics, we argue that the ISS and its successors, offer key opportunities to host new Earth-observing atmospheric sensors that can lead to a step change in our understanding of tropical carbon fluxes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul I Palmer
- School of GeoSciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.
- National Centre for Earth Observation, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.
| | | | - Douglas P Finch
- School of GeoSciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Thomas E Taylor
- Cooperative Institute for Research in the Atmosphere, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - André Butz
- Institute of Environmental Physics, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Hartmut Bösch
- National Centre for Earth Observation, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
- Earth Observation Science, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Annmarie Eldering
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Sebastien Vincent-Bonnieu
- Directorate of Human and Robotic Exploration Programmes, European Space Agency - ESTEC, Noordwijk-ZH, The Netherlands
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6
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Han Z, Zhang Y, Zhang H, Ge X, Gu D, Liu X, Bai J, Ma Z, Tan Y, Zhu F, Xia S, Du J, Tan Y, Shu X, Tang J, Sun Y. Impacts of Drought and Rehydration Cycles on Isoprene Emissions in Populus nigra Seedlings. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:14528. [PMID: 36361409 PMCID: PMC9655116 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192114528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Revised: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The volatile organic compounds emitted by plants significantly impact the atmospheric environment. The impacts of drought stress on the biogenic volatile organic compound (BVOC) emissions of plants are still under debate. In this study, the effects of two drought-rehydration cycle groups with different durations on isoprene emissions from Populus nigra (black poplar) seedlings were studied. The P. nigra seedlings were placed in a chamber that controlled the soil water content, radiation, and temperature. The daily emissions of isoprene and physiological parameters were measured. The emission rates of isoprene (Fiso) reached the maximum on the third day (D3), increasing by 58.0% and 64.2% compared with the controlled groups, respectively, and then Fiso significantly decreased. Photosynthesis decreased by 34.2% and 21.6% in D3 in the first and second groups, respectively. After rehydration, Fiso and photosynthesis recovered fully in two groups. However, Fiso showed distinct inconsistencies in two groups, and the recovery rates of Fiso in the second drought group were slower than the recovery rates of Fiso in the first groups. The response of BVOC emissions during the drought-rehydration cycle was classified into three phases, including stimulated, inhibited, and restored after rehydration. The emission pattern of isoprene indicated that isoprene played an important role in the response of plants to drought stress. A drought-rehydration model was constructed, which indicated the regularity of BVOC emissions in the drought-rehydration cycle. BVOC emissions were extremely sensitive to drought, especially during droughts of short duration. Parameters in computational models related to BVOC emissions of plants under drought stress should be continuously improved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyu Han
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Qingdao University of Technology, Qingdao 266520, China
| | - Yisheng Zhang
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Qingdao University of Technology, Qingdao 266520, China
- Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Joint Laboratory of Collaborative Innovation for Environmental Quality, Guangzhou 511486, China
| | - Houyong Zhang
- Jinan Ecology and Environment Monitoring Center of Shandong Province, Jinan 250101, China
| | - Xuan Ge
- Jinan Ecology and Environment Monitoring Center of Shandong Province, Jinan 250101, China
| | - Dasa Gu
- Division of Environment and Sustainability, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Xiaohuan Liu
- Key Lab of Marine Environment and Ecology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Jianhui Bai
- LAGEO, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Zizhen Ma
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Qingdao University of Technology, Qingdao 266520, China
| | - Yan Tan
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Qingdao University of Technology, Qingdao 266520, China
| | - Feng Zhu
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Soil Ecology, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Water Resources, Center for Agricultural Resources Research, Institute of Genetic and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shijiazhuang 050022, China
| | - Shiyong Xia
- School of Environment and Energy, Peking University, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Jinhua Du
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Qingdao University of Technology, Qingdao 266520, China
| | - Yuran Tan
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Qingdao University of Technology, Qingdao 266520, China
| | - Xiao Shu
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Qingdao University of Technology, Qingdao 266520, China
| | - Jingchao Tang
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Qingdao University of Technology, Qingdao 266520, China
| | - Yingjie Sun
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Qingdao University of Technology, Qingdao 266520, China
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7
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Nascimento JP, Barbosa HMJ, Banducci AL, Rizzo LV, Vara-Vela AL, Meller BB, Gomes H, Cezar A, Franco MA, Ponczek M, Wolff S, Bela MM, Artaxo P. Major Regional-Scale Production of O 3 and Secondary Organic Aerosol in Remote Amazon Regions from the Dynamics and Photochemistry of Urban and Forest Emissions. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2022; 56:9924-9935. [PMID: 35801846 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c01358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The Amazon rainforest suffers increasing pressure from anthropogenic activities. A key aspect not fully understood is how anthropogenic atmospheric emissions within the basin interact with biogenic emissions and impact the forest's atmosphere and biosphere. We combine a high-resolution atmospheric chemical transport model with an improved emissions inventory and in-situ measurements to investigate a surprisingly high concentration of ozone (O3) and secondary organic aerosol (SOA) 150-200 km downwind of Manaus city in an otherwise pristine forested region. We show that atmospheric dynamics and photochemistry determine a gross production of secondary pollutants seen in the simulation. After sunrise, the erosion of the nocturnal boundary layer mixes natural forest emissions, rich in biogenic volatile organic compounds, with a lofted pollution layer transported overnight, rich in nitrogen oxides and formaldehyde. As a result, O3 and SOA concentrations greater than ∼47 ppbv and 1.8 μg m-3, respectively, were found, with maximum concentrations occurring at 2 pm LT, 150-200 km downwind of Manaus city. These high concentrations affect a large primary forested area of about 11,250 km2. These oxidative areas are under a NOx-limited regime so that changes in NOx emissions from Manaus have a significant impact on O3 and SOA production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janaina P Nascimento
- National Institute for Amazonian Research, Manaus, AM 69.060-000, Brazil
- Amazonas State University, Manaus, AM 69470000, Brazil
- NOAA Global Systems Laboratory, Boulder, Colorado 80305, United States
| | | | - Alessandro L Banducci
- Department of Physics, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, United States
| | - Luciana V Rizzo
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Institute of Environmental, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP 09913-030, Brazil
| | - Angel Liduvino Vara-Vela
- Department of Atmospheric Sciences, Institute of Astronomy, Geophysics and Atmospheric Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo 05508-090, Brazil
- Federal University of Technology, Londrina, Puerto Rico 86047-125, Brazil
| | - Bruno B Meller
- Institute of Physics, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP 05508-090, Brazil
| | - Helber Gomes
- Institute of Atmospheric Sciences, Federal University of Alagoas, Maceio, Alabama 57072-900, Brazil
- Department of Meteorology, Federal University of Campina Grande, Campina Grande, PB 58428-830, Brazil
| | - André Cezar
- Institute of Physics, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP 05508-090, Brazil
| | - Marco A Franco
- Institute of Physics, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP 05508-090, Brazil
| | - Milena Ponczek
- Institute of Physics, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP 05508-090, Brazil
| | - Stefan Wolff
- Multiphase Chemistry Department, Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Mainz 55128, Germany
| | - Megan M Bela
- NOAA Chemical Sciences Laboratory, Boulder, Colorado 80305, United States
| | - Paulo Artaxo
- Institute of Physics, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP 05508-090, Brazil
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8
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Wang H, Gao Y, Sheng L, Wang Y, Zeng X, Kou W, Ma M, Cheng W. The Impact of Meteorology and Emissions on Surface Ozone in Shandong Province, China, during Summer 2014-2019. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:6758. [PMID: 35682342 PMCID: PMC9180826 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19116758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2022] [Revised: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
China has been experiencing severe ozone pollution problems in recent years. While a number of studies have focused on the ozone-pollution-prone regions such as the North China Plain, Yangtze River Delta, and Pearl River Delta regions, few studies have investigated the mechanisms modulating the interannual variability of ozone concentrations in Shandong Province, where a large population is located and is often subject to ozone pollution. By utilizing both the reanalysis dataset and regional numerical model (WRF-CMAQ), we delve into the potential governing mechanisms of ozone pollution in Shandong Province-especially over the major port city of Qingdao-during summer 2014-2019. During this period, ozone pollution in Qingdao exceeded the tier II standard of the Chinese National Ambient Air Quality (GB 3095-2012) for 75 days. From the perspective of meteorology, the high-pressure ridge over Baikal Lake and to its northeast, which leads to a relatively low humidity and sufficient sunlight, is the most critical weather system inducing high-ozone events in Qingdao. In terms of emissions, biogenic emissions contribute to ozone enhancement close to 10 ppb in the west and north of Shandong Province. Numerical experiments show that the local impact of biogenic emissions on ozone production in Shandong Province is relatively small, whereas biogenic emissions on the southern flank of Shandong Province enhance ozone production and further transport northeastward, resulting in an increase in ozone concentrations over Shandong Province. For the port city of Qingdao, ship emissions increase ozone concentrations when sea breezes (easterlies) prevail over Qingdao, with the 95th percentile reaching 8.7 ppb. The findings in this study have important implications for future ozone pollution in Shandong Province, as well as the northern and coastal areas in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Houwen Wang
- College of Oceanic and Atmospheric Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China; (H.W.); (X.Z.)
| | - Yang Gao
- Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System, and Key Laboratory of Marine Environment and Ecology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, and Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266100, China; (W.K.); (M.M.); (W.C.)
| | - Lifang Sheng
- College of Oceanic and Atmospheric Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China; (H.W.); (X.Z.)
| | - Yuhang Wang
- School of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA;
| | - Xinran Zeng
- College of Oceanic and Atmospheric Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China; (H.W.); (X.Z.)
| | - Wenbin Kou
- Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System, and Key Laboratory of Marine Environment and Ecology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, and Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266100, China; (W.K.); (M.M.); (W.C.)
| | - Mingchen Ma
- Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System, and Key Laboratory of Marine Environment and Ecology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, and Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266100, China; (W.K.); (M.M.); (W.C.)
| | - Wenxuan Cheng
- Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System, and Key Laboratory of Marine Environment and Ecology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, and Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266100, China; (W.K.); (M.M.); (W.C.)
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