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Bogoni JA, Peres CA, Navarro AB, Carvalho-Rocha V, Galetti M. Using historical habitat loss to predict contemporary mammal extirpations in Neotropical forests. CONSERVATION BIOLOGY : THE JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR CONSERVATION BIOLOGY 2024; 38:e14245. [PMID: 38456548 DOI: 10.1111/cobi.14245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
Understanding which species will be extirpated in the aftermath of large-scale human disturbance is critical to mitigating biodiversity loss, particularly in hyperdiverse tropical biomes. Deforestation is the strongest driver of contemporary local extinctions in tropical forests but may occur at different tempos. The 2 most extensive tropical forest biomes in South America-the Atlantic Forest and the Amazon-have experienced historically divergent pathways of habitat loss and biodiversity decay, providing a unique case study to investigate rates of local species persistence on a single continent. We quantified medium- to large-bodied mammal species persistence across these biomes to elucidate how landscape configuration affects their persistence and associated ecological functions. We collected occurrence data for 617 assemblages of medium- to large-bodied mammal species (>1 kg) in the Atlantic Forest and the Amazon. Analyzing natural habitat cover based on satellite data (1985-2022), we employed descriptive statistics and generalized linear models (GLMs) to investigate ecospecies occurrence patterns in relation to habitat cover across the landscapes. The subregional erosion of Amazonian mammal assemblage diversity since the 1970s mirrors that observed since the colonial conquest of the Atlantic Forest, given that 52.8% of all Amazonian mammals are now on a similar trajectory. Four out of 5 large mammals in the Atlantic Forest were prone to extirpation, whereas 53% of Amazonian mammals were vulnerable to extirpation. Greater natural habitat cover increased the persistence likelihood of ecospecies in both biomes. These trends reflected a median local species loss 63.9% higher in the Atlantic Forest than in the Amazon, which appears to be moving toward a turning point of forest habitat loss and degradation. The contrasting trajectories of species persistence in the Amazon and Atlantic Forest domains underscore the importance of considering historical habitat loss pathways and regional biodiversity erosion in conservation strategies. By focusing on landscape configuration and identifying essential ecological functions associated with large vertebrate species, conservation planning and management practices can be better informed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliano A Bogoni
- Departamento de Ecologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Ambientais, Centro de Pesquisa de Limnologia, Biodiversidade e Etnobiologia do Pantanal-CELBE, Laboratório de Mastozoologia, Universidade do Estado de Mato Grosso, Cáceres, Brazil
| | - Carlos A Peres
- School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
- Instituto Juruá, Manaus, Brazil
| | - Ana B Navarro
- Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Vitor Carvalho-Rocha
- Departamento de Botânica, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
- Departamento de Ecologia e Zoologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Mauro Galetti
- Department of Biodiversity, Center for Research in Biodiversity Dynamics and Climate Change, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Rio Claro, Brazil
- Kimberly Green Latin American and Caribbean Center, Florida International University (FIU), Miami, Florida, USA
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Nian D, Bathiany S, Sakschewski B, Drüke M, Blaschke L, Ben-Yami M, von Bloh W, Boers N. Rainfall seasonality dominates critical precipitation threshold for the Amazon forest in the LPJmL vegetation model. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 947:174378. [PMID: 38960201 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.174378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Revised: 06/20/2024] [Accepted: 06/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024]
Abstract
Understanding the Amazon Rainforest's response to shifts in precipitation is paramount with regard to its sensitivity to climate change and deforestation. Studies using Dynamic Global Vegetation Models (DGVMs) typically only explore a range of socio-economically plausible pathways. In this study, we applied the state-of-the-art DGVM LPJmL to simulate the Amazon forest's response under idealized scenarios where precipitation is linearly decreased and subsequently increased between current levels and zero. Our results indicate a nonlinear but reversible relationship between vegetation Above Ground Biomass (AGB) and Mean Annual Precipitation (MAP), suggesting a threshold at a critical MAP value, below which vegetation biomass decline accelerates with decreasing MAP. We find that approaching this critical threshold is accompanied by critical slowing down, which can hence be expected to warn of accelerating biomass decline with decreasing rainfall. The critical precipitation threshold is lowest in the northwestern Amazon, whereas the eastern and southern regions may already be below their critical MAP thresholds. Overall, we identify the seasonality of precipitation and the potential evapotranspiration (PET) as the most important parameters determining the threshold value. While vegetation fires show little effect on the critical threshold and the biomass pattern in general, the ability of trees to adapt to water stress by investing in deep roots leads to increased biomass and a lower critical threshold in some areas in the eastern and southern Amazon where seasonality and PET are high. Our findings underscore the risk of Amazon forest degradation due to changes in the water cycle, and imply that regions that are currently characterized by higher water availability may exhibit heightened vulnerability to future drying.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da Nian
- Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research, 14473 Potsdam, Germany.
| | - Sebastian Bathiany
- Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research, 14473 Potsdam, Germany; Earth System Modelling, School of Engineering and Design, Technical University Munich., Munich 80333, Germany
| | - Boris Sakschewski
- Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research, 14473 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Markus Drüke
- Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research, 14473 Potsdam, Germany; Deutscher Wetterdienst, Hydrometeorologie, Frankfurter Str., 135, 63067 Offenbach, Germany
| | - Lana Blaschke
- Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research, 14473 Potsdam, Germany; Earth System Modelling, School of Engineering and Design, Technical University Munich., Munich 80333, Germany
| | - Maya Ben-Yami
- Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research, 14473 Potsdam, Germany; Earth System Modelling, School of Engineering and Design, Technical University Munich., Munich 80333, Germany
| | - Werner von Bloh
- Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research, 14473 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Niklas Boers
- Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research, 14473 Potsdam, Germany; Earth System Modelling, School of Engineering and Design, Technical University Munich., Munich 80333, Germany; Department of Mathematics and Global Systems Institute, University of Exeter, Exeter EX4 4QF, UK
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Bourgoin C, Ceccherini G, Girardello M, Vancutsem C, Avitabile V, Beck PSA, Beuchle R, Blanc L, Duveiller G, Migliavacca M, Vieilledent G, Cescatti A, Achard F. Human degradation of tropical moist forests is greater than previously estimated. Nature 2024; 631:570-576. [PMID: 38961293 PMCID: PMC11254752 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-024-07629-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024]
Abstract
Tropical forest degradation from selective logging, fire and edge effects is a major driver of carbon and biodiversity loss1-3, with annual rates comparable to those of deforestation4. However, its actual extent and long-term impacts remain uncertain at global tropical scale5. Here we quantify the magnitude and persistence of multiple types of degradation on forest structure by combining satellite remote sensing data on pantropical moist forest cover changes4 with estimates of canopy height and biomass from spaceborne6 light detection and ranging (LiDAR). We estimate that forest height decreases owing to selective logging and fire by 15% and 50%, respectively, with low rates of recovery even after 20 years. Agriculture and road expansion trigger a 20% to 30% reduction in canopy height and biomass at the forest edge, with persistent effects being measurable up to 1.5 km inside the forest. Edge effects encroach on 18% (approximately 206 Mha) of the remaining tropical moist forests, an area more than 200% larger than previously estimated7. Finally, degraded forests with more than 50% canopy loss are significantly more vulnerable to subsequent deforestation. Collectively, our findings call for greater efforts to prevent degradation and protect already degraded forests to meet the conservation pledges made at recent United Nations Climate Change and Biodiversity conferences.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Bourgoin
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre, Ispra, Italy.
| | - G Ceccherini
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre, Ispra, Italy
| | - M Girardello
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre, Ispra, Italy
| | - C Vancutsem
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre, Ispra, Italy
| | - V Avitabile
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre, Ispra, Italy
| | - P S A Beck
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre, Ispra, Italy
| | - R Beuchle
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre, Ispra, Italy
| | - L Blanc
- CIRAD, Forêts et Sociétés, Montpellier, France
- Forêts et Sociétés, Univ Montpellier, CIRAD, Montpellier, France
| | - G Duveiller
- Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, Jena, Germany
| | - M Migliavacca
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre, Ispra, Italy
| | - G Vieilledent
- CIRAD, UMR AMAP, Montpellier, France
- AMAP, Univ Montpellier, CIRAD, CNRS, INRAE, IRD, Montpellier, France
| | - A Cescatti
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre, Ispra, Italy
| | - F Achard
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre, Ispra, Italy
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4
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Srinivasan U. Forest-degradation thresholds shape tropical biodiversity. Nature 2024; 631:741-742. [PMID: 39020187 DOI: 10.1038/d41586-024-02155-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/19/2024]
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Pirasteh S, Fang Y, Mafi-Gholami D, Abulibdeh A, Nouri-Kamari A, Khonsari N. Enhancing vulnerability assessment through spatially explicit modeling of mountain social-ecological systems exposed to multiple environmental hazards. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 930:172744. [PMID: 38685429 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.172744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2024] [Revised: 04/14/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
The evaluation of the vulnerability of coupled socio-ecological systems is critical for addressing and preventing the adverse impacts of various environmental hazards and devising strategies for climate change adaptation. The initial step in vulnerability assessment involves exposure assessment, which entails quantifying and mapping the risks posed by multiple environmental hazards, thereby offering valuable insights for the implementation of vulnerability assessment methodologies. Consequently, this study sought to model the exposure of coupled social-ecological systems in mountainous regions to various environmental hazards. By a set of socio-economic, climatic, geospatial, hydrological, and demographic data, as well as satellite imagery, and examining 11 hazards, including droughts, pests, dust storms, winds, extreme temperatures, evapotranspiration, landslides, floods, wildfires, and social vulnerability, this research employed machine learning (ML) techniques and the fuzzy analytical hierarchy process (FAHP). Expert opinions were utilized to guide hazard weighting and calculate the exposure index (EI). Through the precise spatial mapping of EI variations across the socio-ecological systems in mountainous areas, this investigation provides insights into vulnerability to multiple environmental hazards, thereby laying the groundwork for future endeavors in supporting national-level vulnerability assessments aimed at fostering sustainable environments. The findings reveal that social vulnerability and pests receive the highest weighting, while floods and landslides are ranked lower. All hazards demonstrate significant correlations with the EI, with droughts exhibiting the strongest correlation (r > 0.81). Spatial analysis indicates a north-south gradient in forest exposure, with southern regions showing higher exposure hotspots (EI 29.08) compared to northern areas (EI 10.60). Validation based on Area Under Curve (AUC) and Consistency Rate (CR) in FAHP demonstrates robustness, with AUC values exceeding 0.78 and CR values below 0.1. Considering the anticipated intensification of hazards, management strategies should prioritize reducing social vulnerability, restore degraded areas using drought-resistant species, combat pests, and mitigate desertification. By integrating multidisciplinary data and expert opinions, this research contributes to informed decision-making regarding sustainable forest management and climate resilience in mountain ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saied Pirasteh
- Institute of Artificial Intelligence, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, 508 West Huancheng Road, Yuecheng District, Zhejiang Province 312000, China; Department of Geotechnics and Geomatics, Saveetha School of Engineering, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai, Tamilnadu, India.
| | - Yiming Fang
- School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing 312000, China.
| | - Davood Mafi-Gholami
- Institute of Artificial Intelligence, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, 508 West Huancheng Road, Yuecheng District, Zhejiang Province 312000, China; Department of Forest Sciences, Faculty of Natural Resources and Earth Sciences, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord 8818634141, Iran.
| | - Ammar Abulibdeh
- Applied Geography and GIS Program, Department of Humanities, College of Arts and Sciences, Qatar University, P.O. Box 2713, Doha, Qatar.
| | - Akram Nouri-Kamari
- Institute of Artificial Intelligence, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, 508 West Huancheng Road, Yuecheng District, Zhejiang Province 312000, China; Department of Environment, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Nasim Khonsari
- College of Business, Westcliff University, 17877 Von Karman Ave, Irvine, CA 92614, USA.
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Ribeiro MR, Lima MVM, Ilacqua RC, Savoia EJL, Alvarenga R, Vittor AY, Raimundo RD, Laporta GZ. Amazon Wildfires and Respiratory Health: Impacts during the Forest Fire Season from 2009 to 2019. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2024; 21:675. [PMID: 38928922 PMCID: PMC11204220 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph21060675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2024] [Revised: 05/14/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
The Brazilian Amazon, a vital tropical region, faces escalating threats from human activities, agriculture, and climate change. This study aims to assess the relationship between forest fire occurrences, meteorological factors, and hospitalizations due to respiratory diseases in the Legal Amazon region from 2009 to 2019. Employing simultaneous equation models with official data, we examined the association between deforestation-induced fires and respiratory health issues. Over the studied period, the Legal Amazon region recorded a staggering 1,438,322 wildfires, with 1,218,606 (85%) occurring during August-December, known as the forest fire season. During the forest fire season, a substantial portion (566,707) of the total 1,532,228 hospital admissions for respiratory diseases were recorded in individuals aged 0-14 years and 60 years and above. A model consisting of two sets of simultaneous equations was constructed. This model illustrates the seasonal fluctuations in meteorological conditions driving human activities associated with increased forest fires. It also represents how air quality variations impact the occurrence of respiratory diseases during forest fires. This modeling approach unveiled that drier conditions, elevated temperatures, and reduced precipitation exacerbate fire incidents, impacting hospital admissions for respiratory diseases at a rate as high as 22 hospital admissions per 1000 forest fire events during the forest fire season in the Legal Amazon, 2009-2019. This research highlights the urgent need for environmental and health policies to mitigate the effects of Amazon rainforest wildfires, stressing the interplay of deforestation, climate change, and human-induced fires on respiratory health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maura R. Ribeiro
- Graduate Program in Health Sciences, FMABC Medical School University Center, Santo André 09060-870, SP, Brazil; (M.R.R.); (R.C.I.); (R.D.R.)
- Laboratory of Study Design and Scientific Writing, FMABC Medical School University Center, Santo André 09060-870, SP, Brazil
| | - Marcos V. M. Lima
- Health Surveillance Department, Acre State Secretary of Health, Rio Branco 69914-220, AC, Brazil;
| | - Roberto C. Ilacqua
- Graduate Program in Health Sciences, FMABC Medical School University Center, Santo André 09060-870, SP, Brazil; (M.R.R.); (R.C.I.); (R.D.R.)
| | - Eriane J. L. Savoia
- Environmental Health Department, FMABC Medical School University Center, Santo André 09060-870, SP, Brazil; (E.J.L.S.); (R.A.)
| | - Rogerio Alvarenga
- Environmental Health Department, FMABC Medical School University Center, Santo André 09060-870, SP, Brazil; (E.J.L.S.); (R.A.)
| | - Amy Y. Vittor
- Department of Medicine, Emerging Pathogens Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA;
| | - Rodrigo D. Raimundo
- Graduate Program in Health Sciences, FMABC Medical School University Center, Santo André 09060-870, SP, Brazil; (M.R.R.); (R.C.I.); (R.D.R.)
- Laboratory of Study Design and Scientific Writing, FMABC Medical School University Center, Santo André 09060-870, SP, Brazil
| | - Gabriel Z. Laporta
- Graduate Program in Health Sciences, FMABC Medical School University Center, Santo André 09060-870, SP, Brazil; (M.R.R.); (R.C.I.); (R.D.R.)
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Prates SMS, Mügge FLB, Labanca R, Paula-Souza J, Brandão MGL. Cytotoxicity Screening of Sterculia striata A.St.-Hil. & Naudin (Chichá) and Arachis hypogaea L. (Peanut) and Comparative Chemical Profiles Before and After in Vitro Digestion. J Med Food 2024. [PMID: 38770660 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2023.0016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2024] Open
Abstract
This study traced the cytotoxicity, antioxidant activity, and phytochemical profile before and after in vitro digestion of nuts from Sterculia striata A. St.-Hil. & Naudin (Malvaceae) (chichá or monkey's peanut), a native plant from Brazil, in comparison with Arachis hypogaea L. (peanut). The antioxidant activity in the 2,2'-Azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS), 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), and Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power Assay (FRAP) assays was lower in chichá when compared with peanuts, corroborating the lower concentration of polyphenols. None of the samples studied showed significant cytotoxicity in 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromideDAD: diode-array detection (MTT) assays. In vitro digestion altered the phytochemical profile in both plants, increasing the concentration of rutin in fresh and roasted chichá but only in raw peanuts. In roasted peanuts, rutin was converted into quercetin. Chichá nuts have been used by the local population for centuries, and the identification of their bioactive components can be useful to promote their benefits as a functional food.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Morais Senna Prates
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciência de Alimentos, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais. Av. Antônio Carlos, 6627. 31270-901 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Fernanda L B Mügge
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais. Av. Antônio Carlos, 6627. 31270-901 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Renata Labanca
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciência de Alimentos, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais. Av. Antônio Carlos, 6627. 31270-901 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Juliana Paula-Souza
- Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Departamento de Botânica, Rua Eng. Agronômico Andrei Cristian Ferreira, 216. 88040-535 Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Maria G L Brandão
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciência de Alimentos, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais. Av. Antônio Carlos, 6627. 31270-901 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
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Bongasie A, Dhakal T, Ayalew A, Kim TS, Lee Y, Jang GS. Analysis of forest cover change and its driving factors in Senan district, Amhara Region, Ethiopia. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2024; 196:339. [PMID: 38436740 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-024-12392-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
Forests are pivotal in upholding and stabilizing ecosystem functions and services globally. Assessing changes in forest cover serves as a crucial indicator to comprehend the scope, scale, and dynamics of land use and land cover alterations on regional and global scales. This study evaluates the forest cover changes between 2005 and 2021, pinpointing the key drivers of forest land changes within the Senan district in Ethiopia's Amhara region. The analysis incorporated Landsat satellite images from 2005, 2011, and 2021, supplemented by field surveys using questionnaire data. Results reveal a shift: forest cover declined from 13.6% (2005) to 11.2% (2011) but rose to 15.4% by 2021, averaging a 12.9% annual change. Several crucial factors were identified as contributors to this forest cover change. These include expanding agricultural land, population growth, urbanization, and using wood as a fuel source. Poverty, exacerbated by population growth, climate change impacts, and a scarcity of food resources, directly linked to a shortage of farmlands, emerged as significant drivers of forest cover change. In light of these findings, an in-depth analysis of land use and land cover dynamics should be conducted, particularly at the expense of forest lands. Moreover, implementing sustainable management practices by developing strategies for intensive agriculture and fostering environmentally friendly non-farm income-generating activities is essential. This study provides reference material to policymakers and land-use planners setting sustainable development goals, advocating for balanced economic growth and environmental conservation to foster a harmonious relationship between humans and forests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anteneh Bongasie
- Department of Life Science, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, 38541, Republic of Korea
| | - Thakur Dhakal
- Department of Life Science, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, 38541, Republic of Korea
| | - Alemu Ayalew
- Department of Agricultural Technical and Vocational Training, Ministry of Labor and Skills, 40/1080, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Tae-Su Kim
- Department of Life Science, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, 38541, Republic of Korea
| | - Yohan Lee
- Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Bioresources, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Korea.
| | - Gab-Sue Jang
- Department of Life Science, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, 38541, Republic of Korea.
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Ferreira SRG, Macotela Y, Velloso LA, Mori MA. Determinants of obesity in Latin America. Nat Metab 2024; 6:409-432. [PMID: 38438626 DOI: 10.1038/s42255-024-00977-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024]
Abstract
Obesity rates are increasing almost everywhere in the world, although the pace and timing for this increase differ when populations from developed and developing countries are compared. The sharp and more recent increase in obesity rates in many Latin American countries is an example of that and results from regional characteristics that emerge from interactions between multiple factors. Aware of the complexity of enumerating these factors, we highlight eight main determinants (the physical environment, food exposure, economic and political interest, social inequity, limited access to scientific knowledge, culture, contextual behaviour and genetics) and discuss how they impact obesity rates in Latin American countries. We propose that initiatives aimed at understanding obesity and hampering obesity growth in Latin America should involve multidisciplinary, global approaches that consider these determinants to build more effective public policy and strategies, accounting for regional differences and disease complexity at the individual and systemic levels.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yazmín Macotela
- Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, UNAM Campus-Juriquilla, Querétaro, Mexico
| | - Licio A Velloso
- Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Marcelo A Mori
- Institute of Biology, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, Brazil.
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Mataveli G, Jones MW, Carmenta R, Sanchez A, Dutra DJ, Chaves M, de Oliveira G, Anderson LO, Aragão LEOC. Deforestation falls but rise of wildfires continues degrading Brazilian Amazon forests. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2024; 30:e17202. [PMID: 38362838 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.17202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
In 2023, Brazil achieved positive environmental strides in the Amazon, with a 22% reduction in deforestation rates and a 16% decline in total fire counts compared with 2022, attributed to renewed environmental policy implementation. However, despite progress, deforestation remains above the target, and forest wildfires in old‐growth Amazonian forests surged by 152% in 2023 versus 2022, threatening biodiversity and carbon stocks. The rise in fires poses challenges for traditional farmers, impacts urban areas' air quality, and necessitates urgent measures like enhanced firefighting capabilities and long‐term strategies for fire‐free production chains to protect the Amazonian standing forests—a global socio‐environmental asset.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guilherme Mataveli
- Earth Observation and Geoinformatics Division, National Institute for Space Research (INPE), São José dos Campos, Brazil
- School of Environmental Sciences, Tyndall Centre for Climate Change Research, Norwich Research Park, University of East Anglia (UEA), Norwich, UK
| | - Matthew W Jones
- School of Environmental Sciences, Tyndall Centre for Climate Change Research, Norwich Research Park, University of East Anglia (UEA), Norwich, UK
| | - Rachel Carmenta
- School of Global Development, Tyndall Centre for Climate Change Research, Norwich Research Park, University of East Anglia (UEA), Norwich, UK
| | - Alber Sanchez
- Earth Observation and Geoinformatics Division, National Institute for Space Research (INPE), São José dos Campos, Brazil
| | - Débora J Dutra
- National Centre for Monitoring and Early Warning of Natural Disaster (CEMADEN), São José dos Campos, Brazil
| | - Michel Chaves
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Sciences and Engineering, Tupã, Brazil
| | - Gabriel de Oliveira
- Department of Earth Sciences, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama, USA
- Stokes School of Marine and Environmental Sciences, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama, USA
| | - Liana O Anderson
- National Centre for Monitoring and Early Warning of Natural Disaster (CEMADEN), São José dos Campos, Brazil
| | - Luiz E O C Aragão
- Earth Observation and Geoinformatics Division, National Institute for Space Research (INPE), São José dos Campos, Brazil
- Geography, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
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11
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Scorched Earth. NATURE PLANTS 2024; 10:197-198. [PMID: 38388722 DOI: 10.1038/s41477-024-01647-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
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12
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Flores BM, Montoya E, Sakschewski B, Nascimento N, Staal A, Betts RA, Levis C, Lapola DM, Esquível-Muelbert A, Jakovac C, Nobre CA, Oliveira RS, Borma LS, Nian D, Boers N, Hecht SB, Ter Steege H, Arieira J, Lucas IL, Berenguer E, Marengo JA, Gatti LV, Mattos CRC, Hirota M. Critical transitions in the Amazon forest system. Nature 2024; 626:555-564. [PMID: 38356065 PMCID: PMC10866695 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-023-06970-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
The possibility that the Amazon forest system could soon reach a tipping point, inducing large-scale collapse, has raised global concern1-3. For 65 million years, Amazonian forests remained relatively resilient to climatic variability. Now, the region is increasingly exposed to unprecedented stress from warming temperatures, extreme droughts, deforestation and fires, even in central and remote parts of the system1. Long existing feedbacks between the forest and environmental conditions are being replaced by novel feedbacks that modify ecosystem resilience, increasing the risk of critical transition. Here we analyse existing evidence for five major drivers of water stress on Amazonian forests, as well as potential critical thresholds of those drivers that, if crossed, could trigger local, regional or even biome-wide forest collapse. By combining spatial information on various disturbances, we estimate that by 2050, 10% to 47% of Amazonian forests will be exposed to compounding disturbances that may trigger unexpected ecosystem transitions and potentially exacerbate regional climate change. Using examples of disturbed forests across the Amazon, we identify the three most plausible ecosystem trajectories, involving different feedbacks and environmental conditions. We discuss how the inherent complexity of the Amazon adds uncertainty about future dynamics, but also reveals opportunities for action. Keeping the Amazon forest resilient in the Anthropocene will depend on a combination of local efforts to end deforestation and degradation and to expand restoration, with global efforts to stop greenhouse gas emissions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernardo M Flores
- Graduate Program in Ecology, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis, Brazil.
| | - Encarni Montoya
- Geosciences Barcelona, Spanish National Research Council, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Boris Sakschewski
- Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research, Member of the Leibniz Association, Potsdam, Germany
| | | | - Arie Staal
- Copernicus Institute of Sustainable Development, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Richard A Betts
- Met Office Hadley Centre, Exeter, UK
- Global Systems Institute, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Carolina Levis
- Graduate Program in Ecology, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis, Brazil
| | - David M Lapola
- Center for Meteorological and Climatic Research Applied to Agriculture, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Adriane Esquível-Muelbert
- School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
- Birmingham Institute of Forest Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Catarina Jakovac
- Department of Plant Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis, Brazil
| | - Carlos A Nobre
- Institute of Advanced Studies, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rafael S Oliveira
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Laura S Borma
- Division of Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerabilities (DIIAV), National Institute for Space Research, São José dos Campos, Brazil
| | - Da Nian
- Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research, Member of the Leibniz Association, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Niklas Boers
- Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research, Member of the Leibniz Association, Potsdam, Germany
- Earth System Modelling, School of Engineering and Design, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Susanna B Hecht
- Luskin School for Public Affairs and Institute of the Environment, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Hans Ter Steege
- Naturalis Biodiversity Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Quantitative Biodiversity Dynamics, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Julia Arieira
- Science Panel for the Amazon (SPA), São José dos Campos, Brazil
| | | | - Erika Berenguer
- Environmental Change Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - José A Marengo
- Centro Nacional de Monitoramento e Alerta de Desastres Naturais, São José dos Campos, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Natural Disasters, UNESP/CEMADEN, São José dos Campos, Brazil
- Graduate School of International Studies, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Luciana V Gatti
- Division of Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerabilities (DIIAV), National Institute for Space Research, São José dos Campos, Brazil
| | - Caio R C Mattos
- Program in Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Marina Hirota
- Graduate Program in Ecology, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis, Brazil.
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil.
- Group IpES, Department of Physics, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis, Brazil.
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Walker RS, Paige J. Modeling the social drivers of environmental sustainability among Amazonian indigenous lands using Bayesian networks. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0297501. [PMID: 38271387 PMCID: PMC10810436 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0297501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/06/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Amazonia is an invaluable global asset for all its ecological and cultural significance. Indigenous peoples and their lands are pivotal in safeguarding this unique biodiversity and mitigating global climate change. Understanding the causal structure behind variation in the degree of environmental conservation across different indigenous lands-each with varying institutional, legal, and socioenvironmental conditions-is an essential source of information in the struggle for long-term sustainable management of Amazonian ecosystems. Here, we use data from the Instituto Socioambiental for 361 indigenous lands in the Brazilian Amazon coded for environmental integrity, territorial integrity, legal stability, indigenous governance, and threats due to infrastructure projects. Using Bayesian networks to learn the causal structure amongst these variables reveals two causal pathways leading to environmental integrity. One causal pathway starts with territorial integrity and is mediated by infrastructure projects, while the other is directly from legal stability. Hence, safeguarding indigenous lands from exploitation is best accomplished via legal land rights and stricter enforcement instead of placing the onus on indigenous governance, which is also a direct outcome of legal stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert S. Walker
- Department of Anthropology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Jonathan Paige
- Department of Anthropology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States of America
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14
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Fang M, Lu G, Zhang S, Liang W. Overgrazing on unmanaged grassland interfered with the restoration of adjacent grazing-banned grassland by affecting soil properties and microbial community. Front Microbiol 2024; 14:1327056. [PMID: 38239733 PMCID: PMC10794652 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1327056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2024] Open
Abstract
A "grazing ban" policy has been implemented in some pastoral areas in China to fence degraded grasslands for restoration. However, fencing increased grazing pressures in unmanaged grasslands. Based on the mechanism of negative edge effect, we investigated whether overgrazing on unmanaged grassland interfered with the restoration of adjacent grazing-banned grassland by affecting soil properties and microbial community using a sample in Hulun Buir of Inner Mongolia, in order to optimize the "grazing ban" policy. Plant and soil were sampled in areas 30 m away from the fence in unmanaged grassland (UM) and in areas 30 m (adjacent to UM) and 30-60 m (not adjacent to UM) away from the fence in the grazing-banned grassland (F-30 m and F-60 m). The species richness and diversity of plant communities and the ASV number of fungal communities significantly decreased in F-30 m and UM, and the Simpson index of the bacterial community significantly decreased in F-30 m compared with F-60 m. The abundance of fungi involved in soil organic matter decomposition significantly decreased and the abundance of stress-resistant bacteria significantly increased, while the abundance of bacteria involved in litter decomposition significantly decreased in UM and F-30 m compared with F-60 m. The simplification of plant communities decreased in soil water and total organic carbon contents can explain the variations of soil microbial communities in both UM and F-30 m compared with F-60 m. The results of PLS-PM show that changes in plant community and soil microbial function guilds in UM may affect those in F-30 m by changing soil water and total organic carbon contents. These results indicate that overgrazing on unmanaged grassland interfered with the restoration of adjacent grazing-banned grassland by affecting soil properties and microbial community. The grazing-banned grasslands should be adjusted periodically in order to avoid negative edge effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengchao Fang
- College of Life and Environment Science, Minzu University of China, Beijing, China
| | - Guang Lu
- College of Life and Environment Science, Minzu University of China, Beijing, China
| | - Shuping Zhang
- College of Life and Environment Science, Minzu University of China, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Liang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Ecology of Tropical Islands, Key Laboratory of Tropical Animal and Plant Ecology of Hainan Province, College of Life Sciences, Hainan Normal University, Haikou, China
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15
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Pompeu J, Assis TO, Ometto JP. Landscape changes in the Cerrado: Challenges of land clearing, fragmentation and land tenure for biological conservation. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 906:167581. [PMID: 37813262 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.167581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/11/2023]
Abstract
Land clearing, low levels of protection, and high biodiversity make the Brazilian Cerrado a hotspot for biological conservation. However, one of the most active agricultural frontiers in Brazil is located in this region. We thus aimed to evaluate the current trends of deforestation and fragmentation of the Cerrado, from 1986 to 2019; and the contribution of land tenure and farm size to the Cerrado conservation. We divided the Cerrado (∼2 Mkm2) into three sub-regions and calculated the distribution and size of the fragments; core areas and edge distance; isolation and importance of the smallest fragments for reducing isolation; and connectivity for the years 1986, 1997, 2008, and 2019. We then evaluated vegetation cover and landscape metrics for public lands and private farms. Since 1986, 22 % of the Cerrado's remnant vegetation was cleared and the number of fragments increased by 20 %. Currently, 10 % of the Cerrado vegetation is under the effect of a 30 m edge. Isolation increased in all the sub-regions and smaller fragments (>100 ha) are important for landscape configuration. 10.82 % of the vegetation is preserved in public lands and 57.9 % in private farms, where 377,901.5 km2 could be legally cleared. Compared to other Brazilian regions, the northern Cerrado is relatively well connected and less fragmented but land clearing still threatens biodiversity. Public lands are important for connectivity and habitat amount but play a minor role when compared to private lands. Our results highlight that avoiding further land clearing of the Cerrado is a challenge that requires the engagement of different stakeholders at different levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- João Pompeu
- National Institute for Space Research, Avenida dos Astronautas, 1758 São José dos Campos, Brazil.
| | - Tainá Oliveira Assis
- National Institute for Space Research, Avenida dos Astronautas, 1758 São José dos Campos, Brazil
| | - Jean Pierre Ometto
- National Institute for Space Research, Avenida dos Astronautas, 1758 São José dos Campos, Brazil
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16
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Gomes DF, da Silva Pinto TJ, Raymundo LB, da Fontoura Sperandei V, Daam M, Moreira RA, Rocha O. Ecological risk assessment for metals in sediment and waters from the Brazilian Amazon region. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 345:140413. [PMID: 37844699 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.140413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023]
Abstract
Pollution by metals is a matter of concern around the world. In recent decades, the high population growth in urban centers has significantly magnified the entry of these pollutants into aquatic ecosystems. The Amazon region, intense migratory flow, gold mining, and industrialization have been considered the main driving forces for increasing metal pollution. Thus, the main aim of this study is to conduct, for the first time, an Ecological Risk Assessment (ERA) based on metal concentrations measured in the sediment and water of several aquatic environments from the Amazon basin, based on the risk quotient values (RQ = measured environmental concentration - MEC/predicted no effect concentration - PNEC). In addition, the metal contamination factor (CF) was estimated. Although metal concentrations in water were generally low, these values were far above the limits established by current national legislation in many areas, showing higher concentrations for the metals Co, Pb, Cr, Cu, and Ni. Concentrations of Mn, Cu, Ba, Pb, Co, Ni, Cr, Zn, Cd, and As were especially high in the sediment for several evaluated environments. The ERA for the water compartment revealed that 56% of the studied areas presented high risk (RQ > 1) for aquatic biota. In the sediment, 66% of the sites presented a high risk and 40% medium risk (RQ = 0.1-1). The CF indicated that 49% of the sampling points had high contamination and only 24%, had low contamination. These results reveal that monitoring studies in the Amazon region, provides important information so that public policies for the preservation of water resources can be strengthened in the Amazon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Ferreira Gomes
- DEBE - Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Federal University of São Carlos, Rod. Washington Luís Km 235 - SP-310, São Carlos, São Paulo 13565-905, Brazil.
| | - Thandy Júnio da Silva Pinto
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas - UNICAMP, Rua Josué de Castro, S/n - Cidade Universitária, 13083-970, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Larissa Broggio Raymundo
- DEBE - Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Federal University of São Carlos, Rod. Washington Luís Km 235 - SP-310, São Carlos, São Paulo 13565-905, Brazil
| | - Vinicius da Fontoura Sperandei
- DEBE - Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Federal University of São Carlos, Rod. Washington Luís Km 235 - SP-310, São Carlos, São Paulo 13565-905, Brazil
| | - Michiel Daam
- CENSE - Center for Environmental and Sustainability Research & CHANGE - Global Change and Sustainability Institute, NOVA School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon, Campus de Caparica, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Raquel Aparecida Moreira
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande - FURG, Avenida Itália, Km 8, Rio Grande, Rio Grande do Sul, 96203-900, Brazil
| | - Odete Rocha
- DEBE - Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Federal University of São Carlos, Rod. Washington Luís Km 235 - SP-310, São Carlos, São Paulo 13565-905, Brazil
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17
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de Oliveira G, Mataveli G, Stark SC, Jones MW, Carmenta R, Brunsell NA, Santos CAG, da Silva Junior CA, Cunha HFA, da Cunha AC, Dos Santos CAC, Stewart H, Boanada Fuchs V, Hellenkamp S, Artaxo P, Alencar AAC, Moutinho P, Shimabukuro YE. Increasing wildfires threaten progress on halting deforestation in Brazilian Amazonia. Nat Ecol Evol 2023; 7:1945-1946. [PMID: 37845292 DOI: 10.1038/s41559-023-02233-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Guilherme Mataveli
- Earth Observation and Geoinformatics Division, National Institute for Space Research, São José dos Campos, Brazil
- School of Environmental Sciences, Tyndall Centre for Climate Change Research, Norwich Research Park, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
| | - Scott C Stark
- Department of Forestry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Matthew W Jones
- School of Environmental Sciences, Tyndall Centre for Climate Change Research, Norwich Research Park, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
| | - Rachel Carmenta
- School of Global Development, Tyndall Centre for Climate Change Research, Norwich Research Park, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
| | - Nathaniel A Brunsell
- Department of Geography and Atmospheric Science, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA
| | - Celso A G Santos
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, Brazil
| | | | - Helenilza F A Cunha
- Department of Environment Sciences, Federal University of Amapá, Macapá, Brazil
| | - Alan C da Cunha
- Department of Civil Engineering, Federal University of Amapá, Macapá, Brazil
| | - Carlos A C Dos Santos
- Academic Unit of Atmospheric Sciences, Federal University of Campina Grande, Campina Grande, Brazil
| | - Hannah Stewart
- National Academy of Sciences, Board on Environmental Change and Society, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Vanessa Boanada Fuchs
- School of Economics and Political Science, Institute of Management in Latin America, University of St Gallen, St Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Skye Hellenkamp
- Yale School of the Environment, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Paulo Artaxo
- Physics Department, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ane A C Alencar
- Amazon Environmental Research Institute (IPAM), Brasília, Brazil
| | - Paulo Moutinho
- Amazon Environmental Research Institute (IPAM), Brasília, Brazil
| | - Yosio E Shimabukuro
- Earth Observation and Geoinformatics Division, National Institute for Space Research, São José dos Campos, Brazil
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18
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Blöschl G, Chaffe PLB. Water scarcity is exacerbated in the south. Science 2023; 382:512-513. [PMID: 37917702 DOI: 10.1126/science.adk8164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
The Southern Hemisphere has experienced a 20% drop in water availability in 20 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Günter Blöschl
- Institute of Hydraulic Engineering and Water Resources Management, Technische Universität Wien, Vienna, Austria
| | - Pedro L B Chaffe
- Department of Sanitary and Environmental Engineering, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
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19
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Song Z, Liu H, Hou J, Liu Y, Li Y, Shi L, Cao J. Shifting of nutrient limitation dominates the recovery of aboveground net primary productivity of mixed forests in northeastern China after selective logging. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 897:165378. [PMID: 37422232 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.165378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2023] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/10/2023]
Abstract
The primary productivity of temperate forests is commonly limited by nitrogen (N) supply, which may be aggravated by the removal of trees. After selective logging, whether and the mechanism by which the N limitation can be alleviated by the rapidly increasing nutrient turnover during the recovery processes, which is important for improving carbon sequestration in temperate forests, remain unclear. We investigated the effect of nutrient limitation (leaf N:Pcom: the leaf N:P ratio at the community level) on plant community productivity by selecting 28 forest plots including seven forest recovery periods (at the sites logged 6, 14, 25, 36, 45, 55, and 100 years ago) following low-intensity selective logging (13-14 m3/ha) and one unlogged treatment by measuring the soil N concentration, soil phosphorus (P) concentration, leaf N concentration, leaf P concentration, and the aboveground net primary productivity (ANPP) of 234 plant species. The plant growth in temperate forests was limited by N, but the P limitation was observed at the sites logged 36 years ago, which showed a transition pattern of plant growth from N limitation to P limitation during the forest recovery process. Meanwhile, a robust linear trend in the community ANPP was observed with the increase in the community leaf N:P ratio, which suggests the enhancement in community ANPP with the release of N limitation after selective logging. Nutrient limitation (leaf N:Pcom) had a significant direct effect (56.0 %) on the community ANPP and showed a higher independent contribution (25.6 %) to the variation in the community ANPP than the soil nutrient supply and even the changes in species richness. Our results suggested that selective logging alleviated the N limitation, but a shift toward P limitation should also be highly regarded in learning the changes in carbon sequestration during the recovery processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaopeng Song
- College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, MOE Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Hongyan Liu
- College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, MOE Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
| | - Jihua Hou
- School of Ecology and Nature Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Yanhong Liu
- School of Ecology and Nature Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Ying Li
- School of Ecology and Nature Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Liang Shi
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Jing Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Regional Eco-process and Function Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
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20
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Anderson LO, Silva S, Melo AWF. There's no smoke without fire! CAD SAUDE PUBLICA 2023; 39:e00103823. [PMID: 37820232 PMCID: PMC10566552 DOI: 10.1590/0102-311xpt103823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2023] [Revised: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Liana Oighenstein Anderson
- Centro Nacional de Monitoramento e Alerta de Desastres Naturais, Ministério da Ciência, Tecnologia, Inovações e Comunicações, São José dos Campos, Brasil
| | - Sonaira Silva
- Universidade Federal do Acre, Cruzeiro do Sul, Brasil
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21
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Sayers CJ, Evers DC, Ruiz-Gutierrez V, Adams E, Vega CM, Pisconte JN, Tejeda V, Regan K, Lane OP, Ash AA, Cal R, Reneau S, Martínez W, Welch G, Hartwell K, Teul M, Tzul D, Arendt WJ, Tórrez MA, Watsa M, Erkenswick G, Moore CE, Gerson J, Sánchez V, Purizaca RP, Yurek H, Burton MEH, Shrum PL, Tabares-Segovia S, Vargas K, Fogarty FF, Charette MR, Martínez AE, Bernhardt ES, Taylor RJ, Tear TH, Fernandez LE. Mercury in Neotropical birds: a synthesis and prospectus on 13 years of exposure data. ECOTOXICOLOGY (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2023; 32:1096-1123. [PMID: 37907784 PMCID: PMC10622370 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-023-02706-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023]
Abstract
Environmental mercury (Hg) contamination of the global tropics outpaces our understanding of its consequences for biodiversity. Knowledge gaps of pollution exposure could obscure conservation threats in the Neotropics: a region that supports over half of the world's species, but faces ongoing land-use change and Hg emission via artisanal and small-scale gold mining (ASGM). Due to their global distribution and sensitivity to pollution, birds provide a valuable opportunity as bioindicators to assess how accelerating Hg emissions impact an ecosystem's ability to support biodiversity, and ultimately, global health. We present the largest database on Neotropical bird Hg concentrations (n = 2316) and establish exposure baselines for 322 bird species spanning nine countries across Central America, South America, and the West Indies. Patterns of avian Hg exposure in the Neotropics broadly align with those in temperate regions: consistent bioaccumulation across functional groups and high spatiotemporal variation. Bird species occupying higher trophic positions and aquatic habitats exhibited elevated Hg concentrations that have been previously associated with reductions in reproductive success. Notably, bird Hg concentrations were over four times higher at sites impacted by ASGM activities and differed by season for certain trophic niches. We developed this synthesis via a collaborative research network, the Tropical Research for Avian Conservation and Ecotoxicology (TRACE) Initiative, which exemplifies inclusive, equitable, and international data-sharing. While our findings signal an urgent need to assess sampling biases, mechanisms, and consequences of Hg exposure to tropical avian communities, the TRACE Initiative provides a meaningful framework to achieve such goals. Ultimately, our collective efforts support and inform local, scientific, and government entities, including Parties of the United Nations Minamata Convention on Mercury, as we continue working together to understand how Hg pollution impacts biodiversity conservation, ecosystem function, and public health in the tropics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher J Sayers
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.
- Center for Mercury Studies, Biodiversity Research Institute, 276 Canco Road, Portland, ME, 04103, USA.
- Centro de Innovación Científica Amazónica, Puerto Maldonado, Madre de Dios, 17000, Peru.
| | - David C Evers
- Center for Mercury Studies, Biodiversity Research Institute, 276 Canco Road, Portland, ME, 04103, USA
| | | | - Evan Adams
- Center for Mercury Studies, Biodiversity Research Institute, 276 Canco Road, Portland, ME, 04103, USA
| | - Claudia M Vega
- Centro de Innovación Científica Amazónica, Puerto Maldonado, Madre de Dios, 17000, Peru
- Department of Biology, Center for Energy, Environment and Sustainability, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC, 27106, USA
| | - Jessica N Pisconte
- Centro de Innovación Científica Amazónica, Puerto Maldonado, Madre de Dios, 17000, Peru
| | - Vania Tejeda
- Centro de Innovación Científica Amazónica, Puerto Maldonado, Madre de Dios, 17000, Peru
| | - Kevin Regan
- Center for Mercury Studies, Biodiversity Research Institute, 276 Canco Road, Portland, ME, 04103, USA
| | - Oksana P Lane
- Center for Mercury Studies, Biodiversity Research Institute, 276 Canco Road, Portland, ME, 04103, USA
| | - Abidas A Ash
- Environmental Research Institute, University of Belize, Price Center Road, P.O. Box 340, Belmopan, Cayo District, Belize
| | - Reynold Cal
- Foundation for Wildlife Conservation, Tropical Education Center, 28 George Price Highway, P.O. Box 368, La Democracia, Belize District, Belize
| | - Stevan Reneau
- Foundation for Wildlife Conservation, Tropical Education Center, 28 George Price Highway, P.O. Box 368, La Democracia, Belize District, Belize
| | - Wilber Martínez
- Foundation for Wildlife Conservation, Tropical Education Center, 28 George Price Highway, P.O. Box 368, La Democracia, Belize District, Belize
| | - Gilroy Welch
- Foundation for Wildlife Conservation, Tropical Education Center, 28 George Price Highway, P.O. Box 368, La Democracia, Belize District, Belize
| | - Kayla Hartwell
- Foundation for Wildlife Conservation, Tropical Education Center, 28 George Price Highway, P.O. Box 368, La Democracia, Belize District, Belize
| | - Mario Teul
- Foundation for Wildlife Conservation, Tropical Education Center, 28 George Price Highway, P.O. Box 368, La Democracia, Belize District, Belize
| | - David Tzul
- Foundation for Wildlife Conservation, Tropical Education Center, 28 George Price Highway, P.O. Box 368, La Democracia, Belize District, Belize
| | - Wayne J Arendt
- International Institute of Tropical Forestry, USDA Forest Service, 1201 Calle Ceiba, Jardín Botánico Sur, San Juan, 00926-1119, Puerto Rico
| | - Marvin A Tórrez
- Instituto Interdisciplinario de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Centroamericana, Managua, Nicaragua
| | - Mrinalini Watsa
- Beckman Center for Conservation Research, San Diego Zoo Wildlife Alliance, P.O. Box 120551, San Diego, CA, 92112, USA
- Field Projects International, Escondido, CA, 92029, USA
| | | | - Caroline E Moore
- Beckman Center for Conservation Research, San Diego Zoo Wildlife Alliance, P.O. Box 120551, San Diego, CA, 92112, USA
| | - Jacqueline Gerson
- Department of Earth & Environmental Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Victor Sánchez
- Instituto de Investigación en Ecología y Conservación, Trujillo, Peru
| | - Raúl Pérez Purizaca
- Universidad Nacional de Piura, Urb. Miraflores S/N, Castilla, 20002, Piura, Peru
| | - Helen Yurek
- Center for Mercury Studies, Biodiversity Research Institute, 276 Canco Road, Portland, ME, 04103, USA
| | - Mark E H Burton
- Center for Mercury Studies, Biodiversity Research Institute, 276 Canco Road, Portland, ME, 04103, USA
| | - Peggy L Shrum
- Department of Fisheries and Wildlife Biology, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, 29634, USA
| | | | - Korik Vargas
- Center for Mercury Studies, Biodiversity Research Institute, 276 Canco Road, Portland, ME, 04103, USA
| | - Finola F Fogarty
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Toucan Ridge Ecology and Education Society, 27.5 Miles Hummingbird Hwy, Stann Creek, Belize
| | - Mathieu R Charette
- Toucan Ridge Ecology and Education Society, 27.5 Miles Hummingbird Hwy, Stann Creek, Belize
| | - Ari E Martínez
- Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA, 95064, USA
| | | | - Robert J Taylor
- Department of Veterinary Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Timothy H Tear
- Center for Mercury Studies, Biodiversity Research Institute, 276 Canco Road, Portland, ME, 04103, USA
| | - Luis E Fernandez
- Centro de Innovación Científica Amazónica, Puerto Maldonado, Madre de Dios, 17000, Peru
- Department of Biology, Center for Energy, Environment and Sustainability, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC, 27106, USA
- Department of Global Ecology, Carnegie Institution for Science, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
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22
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Kittipornkul P, Thiravetyan P, Hoshika Y, Sorrentino B, Popa I, Leca S, Sicard P, Paoletti E, De Marco A. Surface ozone risk to human health and vegetation in tropical region: The case of Thailand. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 234:116566. [PMID: 37423361 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.116566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
Tropospheric ozone (O3) is a threat to vegetation and human health over the world, in particular in Asia. Knowledge on O3 impacts on tropical ecosystems is still very limited. An O3 risk assessment to crops, forests, and people from 25 monitoring stations across the tropical and subtropical Thailand during 2005-2018 showed that 44% of sites exceeded the critical levels (CLs) of SOMO35 (i.e., the annual Sum Of daily maximum 8-h Means Over 35 ppb) for human health protection. The concentration-based AOT40 CL (i.e., sum of the hourly exceedances above 40 ppb for daylight hours during the assumed growing season) was exceeded at 52% and 48% of the sites where the main crops rice and maize are present, respectively, and at 88% and 12% of the sites where evergreen or deciduous forests are present, respectively. The flux-based metric PODY (i.e., Phytotoxic Ozone Dose above a threshold Y of uptake) was calculated and was found to exceed the CLs at 1.0%, 1.5%, 20.0%, 1.5%, 0% and 68.0% of the sites where early rice, late rice, early maize, late maize, evergreen forests, and deciduous forests can grow, respectively. Trend analysis indicated that AOT40 increased over the study period (+5.9% year-1), while POD1 decreased (- 5.3% year-1), suggesting that the role of climate change in affecting the environmental factors that control stomatal uptake cannot be neglected. These results contribute novel knowledge on O3 threat to human health, forest productivity, and food security in tropical and subtropical areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piyatida Kittipornkul
- Pilot Plant Development and Training Institute, King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi (Bangkuntien), 49 Soi Tientalay 25, Bangkuntien, Bangkok, 10150, Thailand
| | - Paitip Thiravetyan
- School of Bioresources and Technology, King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi, Bangkok, 10150, Thailand
| | - Yasutomo Hoshika
- Institute of Research on Terrestrial Ecosystems (IRET), National Research Council (CNR), Via Madonna del Piano 10, Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy
| | | | - Ionel Popa
- INCDS, 128 Eroilor Bvd., Voluntari, 077030, Romania
| | - S Leca
- INCDS, 128 Eroilor Bvd., Voluntari, 077030, Romania
| | - Pierre Sicard
- ARGANS, 260 Route du Pin Montard, 06410, Biot, France
| | - Elena Paoletti
- Institute of Research on Terrestrial Ecosystems (IRET), National Research Council (CNR), Via Madonna del Piano 10, Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy
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23
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Carvalho RL, Resende AF, Barlow J, França FM, Moura MR, Maciel R, Alves-Martins F, Shutt J, Nunes CA, Elias F, Silveira JM, Stegmann L, Baccaro FB, Juen L, Schietti J, Aragão L, Berenguer E, Castello L, Costa FRC, Guedes ML, Leal CG, Lees AC, Isaac V, Nascimento RO, Phillips OL, Schmidt FA, Ter Steege H, Vaz-de-Mello F, Venticinque EM, Vieira ICG, Zuanon J, Ferreira J. Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research. Curr Biol 2023; 33:3495-3504.e4. [PMID: 37473761 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2023.06.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Revised: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear understanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5,6,7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8,9,10,11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world's most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepresented in biodiversity databases.13,14,15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may eliminate pieces of the Amazon's biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological communities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple organism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region's vulnerability to environmental change. 15%-18% of the most neglected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lost.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel L Carvalho
- Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária, Amazônia Oriental, Belém 66095-903, Brazil; Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-220, Brazil.
| | - Angelica F Resende
- Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária, Amazônia Oriental, Belém 66095-903, Brazil; Universidade de São Paulo, Esalq, Piracicaba 13418-900, Brazil.
| | - Jos Barlow
- Lancaster University, LA1 4YQ Lancaster, UK.
| | | | - Mario R Moura
- Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas 13083-862, Brazil; Universidade Federal da Paraíba, Areia 58397-000, Brazil.
| | | | | | - Jack Shutt
- Manchester Metropolitan University, M15 6BH Manchester, UK
| | - Cassio A Nunes
- Universidade Federal de Lavras, Lavras 37200-000, Brazil
| | | | | | - Lis Stegmann
- Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária, Amazônia Oriental, Belém 66095-903, Brazil
| | | | - Leandro Juen
- Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém 66075-119, Brazil
| | - Juliana Schietti
- Universidade Federal do Amazonas, Manaus 69067-005, Brazil; Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, Manaus 69067-375, Brazil
| | - Luiz Aragão
- Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais, São José dos Campos 12227-010, Brazil
| | - Erika Berenguer
- Lancaster University, LA1 4YQ Lancaster, UK; University of Oxford, OX1 3QY Oxford, UK
| | | | - Flavia R C Costa
- Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, Manaus 69067-375, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Oliver L Phillips
- Universidade Federal Rural da Amazônia, Belém 66077-830, Brazil; University of Leeds, LS2 9JT Leeds, UK
| | | | - Hans Ter Steege
- Naturalis Biodiversity Center, 2333 CR Leiden, the Netherlands; Utrecht University, 3584 CS Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | | | | | | | - Jansen Zuanon
- Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, Manaus 69067-375, Brazil
| | - Joice Ferreira
- Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária, Amazônia Oriental, Belém 66095-903, Brazil; Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém 66075-119, Brazil
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24
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Zhang L, Li T, Wu J, Yang H. Global estimates of gap-free and fine-scale CO 2 concentrations during 2014-2020 from satellite and reanalysis data. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2023; 178:108057. [PMID: 37385159 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2023.108057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Revised: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023]
Abstract
Carbon dioxide (CO2) is a crucial greenhouse gas with substantial effects on climate change. Satellite-based remote sensing is a commonly used approach to detect CO2 with high precision but often suffers from extensive spatial gaps. Thus, the limited availability of data makes global carbon stocktaking challenging. In this paper, a global gap-free column-averaged dry-air mole fraction of CO2 (XCO2) dataset with a high spatial resolution of 0.1° from 2014 to 2020 is generated by the deep learning-based multisource data fusion, including satellite and reanalyzed XCO2 products, satellite vegetation index data, and meteorological data. Results indicate a high accuracy for 10-fold cross-validation (R2 = 0.959 and RMSE = 1.068 ppm) and ground-based validation (R2 = 0.964 and RMSE = 1.010 ppm). Our dataset has the advantages of high accuracy and fine spatial resolution compared with the XCO2 reanalysis data as well as that generated from other studies. Based on the dataset, our analysis reveals interesting findings regarding the spatiotemporal pattern of CO2 over the globe and the national-level growth rates of CO2. This gap-free and fine-scale dataset has the potential to provide support for understanding the global carbon cycle and making carbon reduction policy, and it can be freely accessed at https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7721945.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingfeng Zhang
- School of Geospatial Engineering and Science, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, China
| | - Tongwen Li
- School of Geospatial Engineering and Science, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, China; Key Laboratory of Natural Resources Monitoring in Tropical and Subtropical Area of South China, Ministry of Natural Resources, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Jingan Wu
- School of Geospatial Engineering and Science, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, China; Key Laboratory of Natural Resources Monitoring in Tropical and Subtropical Area of South China, Ministry of Natural Resources, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hongji Yang
- School of Geospatial Engineering and Science, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, China
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25
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Grossman D. 'We are killing this ecosystem': the scientists tracking the Amazon's fading health. Nature 2023; 620:712-716. [PMID: 37612400 DOI: 10.1038/d41586-023-02599-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
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26
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Silva-Junior CHL, Silva FB, Arisi BM, Mataveli G, Pessôa ACM, Carvalho NS, Reis JBC, Silva Júnior AR, Motta NACS, E Silva PVM, Ribeiro FD, Siqueira-Gay J, Alencar A, Saatchi S, Aragão LEOC, Anderson LO, Melo M. Brazilian Amazon indigenous territories under deforestation pressure. Sci Rep 2023; 13:5851. [PMID: 37037850 PMCID: PMC10085996 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-32746-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 04/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Studies showed that Brazilian Amazon indigenous territories (ITs) are efficient models for preserving forests by reducing deforestation, fires, and related carbon emissions. Considering the importance of ITs for conserving socio-environmental and cultural diversity and the recent climb in the Brazilian Amazon deforestation, we used official remote sensing datasets to analyze deforestation inside and outside indigenous territories within Brazil's Amazon biome during the 2013-2021 period. Deforestation has increased by 129% inside ITs since 2013, followed by an increase in illegal mining areas. In 2019-2021, deforestation was 195% higher and 30% farther from the borders towards the interior of indigenous territories than in previous years (2013-2018). Furthermore, about 59% of carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions within ITs in 2013-2021 (96 million tons) occurred in the last three years of analyzed years, revealing the magnitude of increasing deforestation to climate impacts. Therefore, curbing deforestation in indigenous territories must be a priority for the Brazilian government to secure these peoples' land rights, ensure the forests' protection and regulate the global climate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Celso H L Silva-Junior
- Institute of Environment and Sustainability, University of California Los Angeles - UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory - JPL, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA.
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biodiversidade e Conservação, Universidade Federal do Maranhão - UFMA, São Luís, Brazil.
| | - Fabrício B Silva
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Meio Ambiente, Universidade Ceuma - UNICEUMA, São Luís, MA, Brazil
| | | | - Guilherme Mataveli
- National Institute for Space Research - INPE, São José Dos Campos, SP, Brazil
| | - Ana C M Pessôa
- National Center for Monitoring and Early Warning of Natural Disasters - Cemaden, São José Dos Campos, SP, Brazil
| | | | - João B C Reis
- National Center for Monitoring and Early Warning of Natural Disasters - Cemaden, São José Dos Campos, SP, Brazil
| | - Admo R Silva Júnior
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biodiversidade e Conservação, Universidade Federal do Maranhão - UFMA, São Luís, Brazil
| | - Nathalia A C S Motta
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Meio Ambiente, Universidade Ceuma - UNICEUMA, São Luís, MA, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Ane Alencar
- Instituto de Pesquisa Ambiental da Amazônia - IPAM, Brasília, Brazil
| | - Sassan Saatchi
- Institute of Environment and Sustainability, University of California Los Angeles - UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory - JPL, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Luiz E O C Aragão
- National Institute for Space Research - INPE, São José Dos Campos, SP, Brazil
- University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Liana O Anderson
- National Center for Monitoring and Early Warning of Natural Disasters - Cemaden, São José Dos Campos, SP, Brazil
| | - Maycon Melo
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Meio Ambiente, Universidade Ceuma - UNICEUMA, São Luís, MA, Brazil
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27
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Regrowing tropical forests absorb megatonnes of carbon. Nature 2023; 615:398-399. [PMID: 36922606 DOI: 10.1038/d41586-023-00706-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
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