1
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Martin-Gutierrez L, Waddington KE, Maggio A, Coelewij L, Oppong AE, Yang N, Adriani M, Nytrova P, Farrell R, Pineda-Torra I, Jury EC. Dysregulated lipid metabolism networks modulate T-cell function in people with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis. Clin Exp Immunol 2024; 217:204-218. [PMID: 38625017 PMCID: PMC11239565 DOI: 10.1093/cei/uxae032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Altered cholesterol, oxysterol, sphingolipid, and fatty acid concentrations are reported in blood, cerebrospinal fluid, and brain tissue of people with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) and are linked to disease progression and treatment responses. CD4 + T cells are pathogenic in RRMS, and defective T-cell function could be mediated in part by liver X receptors (LXRs)-nuclear receptors that regulate lipid homeostasis and immunity. RNA-sequencing and pathway analysis identified that genes within the 'lipid metabolism' and 'signalling of nuclear receptors' pathways were dysregulated in CD4 + T cells isolated from RRMS patients compared with healthy donors. While LXRB and genes associated with cholesterol metabolism were upregulated, other T-cell LXR-target genes, including genes involved in cellular lipid uptake (inducible degrader of the LDL receptor, IDOL), and the rate-limiting enzyme for glycosphingolipid biosynthesis (UDP-glucosylceramide synthase, UGCG) were downregulated in T cells from patients with RRMS compared to healthy donors. Correspondingly, plasma membrane glycosphingolipids were reduced, and cholesterol levels increased in RRMS CD4 + T cells, an effect partially recapitulated in healthy T cells by in vitro culture with T-cell receptor stimulation in the presence of serum from RRMS patients. Notably, stimulation with LXR-agonist GW3965 normalized membrane cholesterol levels, and reduced proliferation and IL17 cytokine production in RRMS CD4 + T-cells. Thus, LXR-mediated lipid metabolism pathways were dysregulated in T cells from patients with RRMS and could contribute to RRMS pathogenesis. Therapies that modify lipid metabolism could help restore immune cell function.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kirsty E Waddington
- Centre for Rheumatology, Division of Medicine, University College London, UK
| | - Annalisa Maggio
- Centre for Rheumatology, Division of Medicine, University College London, UK
| | - Leda Coelewij
- Centre for Rheumatology, Division of Medicine, University College London, UK
| | - Alexandra E Oppong
- Centre for Rheumatology, Division of Medicine, University College London, UK
| | - Nina Yang
- Centre for Rheumatology, Division of Medicine, University College London, UK
| | - Marsilio Adriani
- Centre for Rheumatology, Division of Medicine, University College London, UK
| | - Petra Nytrova
- Department of Neurology and Centre of Clinical, Neuroscience, First Faculty of Medicine, General University Hospital and First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Rachel Farrell
- Department of Neuroinflammation, University College London and Institute of Neurology and National Hospital of Neurology and Neurosurgery, UK
| | - Inés Pineda-Torra
- Centre for Experimental & Translational Medicine, Division of Medicine, University College London, UK
| | - Elizabeth C Jury
- Centre for Rheumatology, Division of Medicine, University College London, UK
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2
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Díaz-Basabe A, Lattanzi G, Perillo F, Amoroso C, Baeri A, Farini A, Torrente Y, Penna G, Rescigno M, Ghidini M, Cassinotti E, Baldari L, Boni L, Vecchi M, Caprioli F, Facciotti F, Strati F. Porphyromonas gingivalis fuels colorectal cancer through CHI3L1-mediated iNKT cell-driven immune evasion. Gut Microbes 2024; 16:2388801. [PMID: 39132842 PMCID: PMC11321422 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2024.2388801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2024] [Revised: 07/19/2024] [Accepted: 07/31/2024] [Indexed: 08/13/2024] Open
Abstract
The interaction between the gut microbiota and invariant Natural Killer T (iNKT) cells plays a pivotal role in colorectal cancer (CRC). The pathobiont Fusobacterium nucleatum influences the anti-tumor functions of CRC-infiltrating iNKT cells. However, the impact of other bacteria associated with CRC, like Porphyromonas gingivalis, on their activation status remains unexplored. In this study, we demonstrate that mucosa-associated P. gingivalis induces a protumour phenotype in iNKT cells, subsequently influencing the composition of mononuclear-phagocyte cells within the tumor microenvironment. Mechanistically, in vivo and in vitro experiments showed that P. gingivalis reduces the cytotoxic functions of iNKT cells, hampering the iNKT cell lytic machinery through increased expression of chitinase 3-like-1 protein (CHI3L1). Neutralization of CHI3L1 effectively restores iNKT cell cytotoxic functions suggesting a therapeutic potential to reactivate iNKT cell-mediated antitumour immunity. In conclusion, our data demonstrate how P. gingivalis accelerates CRC progression by inducing the upregulation of CHI3L1 in iNKT cells, thus impairing their cytotoxic functions and promoting host tumor immune evasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angélica Díaz-Basabe
- Department of Experimental Oncology, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Georgia Lattanzi
- Department of Experimental Oncology, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy
- Gastroenterology and Endoscopy Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Federica Perillo
- Department of Experimental Oncology, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Chiara Amoroso
- Gastroenterology and Endoscopy Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Alberto Baeri
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Andrea Farini
- Neurology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Yvan Torrente
- Neurology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
- Centro Dino Ferrari, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Penna
- IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Maria Rescigno
- IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Milan, Italy
| | - Michele Ghidini
- Medical Oncology, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Elisa Cassinotti
- Department of General and Minimally Invasive Surgery, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Ludovica Baldari
- Department of General and Minimally Invasive Surgery, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Luigi Boni
- Department of General and Minimally Invasive Surgery, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Maurizio Vecchi
- Gastroenterology and Endoscopy Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Flavio Caprioli
- Gastroenterology and Endoscopy Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Federica Facciotti
- Department of Experimental Oncology, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesco Strati
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
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3
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Wawrzyniak P, Hubeli B, Wawrzyniak M, Noureddine N, Walberg A, Scharl S, Turina M, Scharl M, Zaugg M, Krämer SD, Rogler G, Hersberger M. Crosstalk within peripheral blood mononuclear cells mediates anti-inflammatory effects of n-3 PUFA-rich lipid emulsions in parenteral nutrition. Clin Nutr 2023; 42:2422-2433. [PMID: 37871483 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2023.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Revised: 10/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Parenteral nutrition (PN) rich in n-6 and n-3 long-chain fatty acids is used in clinical practice for nourishing patients who are unable to receive adequate nutrition through their digestive systems. In this study, we compare the effect on inflammation of the commonly used lipid emulsions Omegaven (n-3-rich) and Intralipid (n-6-rich) in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). METHODS PBMCs were treated with different doses of n-3-rich Omegaven and n-6-rich Intralipid and the immune cells were characterized by flow cytometry. RESULTS We show that incubation of PBMCs with n-3-rich Omegaven leads to an increase in expression of CD1d and CD86 in CD14+monocytes. At the same time, an increased number of NKT cells expressing cytotoxic T cell antigen 4 is observed, suggesting immunological synapse formation. Both CD14+monocytes and NKT cells showed an increase in IL-10 production and a reduction in the pro-inflammatory cytokines IFN-γ, TNF-α, and IL-4, which led to an increase in the number of FOXP3+T regulatory cells. In addition, we show that n-3-rich Omegaven reduces the expression of TNFα, IFNγ and IL-4 in CD4+T and CD8+T cells independent of the presented interaction between CD14+monocytes and NKT cells. The described mechanism of n-3 rich lipid emulsions was confirmed in PBMCs from patients with inflammatory bowel disease but not in colorectal cancer patients which seem to lack the interaction between CD14+monocytes and NKT cells. CONCLUSIONS These results show a mechanism for the beneficial effect of the n-3-rich Omegaven in patients with inflammatory conditions but questions its use in patients with cancer. Hence, our results may assist in choosing the best lipid emulsion for patients who require PN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulina Wawrzyniak
- Division of Clinical Chemistry and Biochemistry and Children's Research Center, University Children's Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Barbara Hubeli
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Marcin Wawrzyniak
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Nazek Noureddine
- Division of Clinical Chemistry and Biochemistry and Children's Research Center, University Children's Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Center for Integrative Human Physiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Asa Walberg
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Sylvie Scharl
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Matthias Turina
- Department of Visceral and Transplant Surgery, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Michael Scharl
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Michael Zaugg
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine and Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Alberta, Canada; Department of Pharmacology, University of Alberta, Canada
| | - Stefanie D Krämer
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Gerhard Rogler
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Martin Hersberger
- Division of Clinical Chemistry and Biochemistry and Children's Research Center, University Children's Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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4
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Tobin R, Patel N, Tobb K, Weber B, Mehta PK, Isiadinso I. Atherosclerosis in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus. Curr Atheroscler Rep 2023; 25:819-827. [PMID: 37768411 DOI: 10.1007/s11883-023-01149-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF THE REVIEW Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients are at increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) compared to the general population, despite most patients being young females, who are not classically considered to be at high risk for cardiovascular disease using traditional risk assessment tools. The purpose of this review is to discuss the pathophysiology of atherosclerosis in SLE and raise awareness of the relationship between SLE and CVD. RECENT FINDINGS The increased risk of CVD in SLE patients is multifactorial, due to proatherogenic lipid profiles, immune dysregulation and inflammation, side effects of lupus treatment, and microvascular dysfunction. Conventional CV risk models often underperform in the identification of SLE patients at high risk of atherosclerosis. The use of non-invasive imaging serves as a strategy to identify patients with evidence of subclinical CVD and in the evaluation of symptomatic patients. Identification of subclinical atherosclerosis allows for aggressive management of CV risk factors. SLE patients experience an increased risk of atherosclerotic CVD, which is not solely explained by traditional CV risk factors. It is imperative that clinicians are aware of this association to implement prompt detection and treatment of atherosclerotic CVD in SLE patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Tobin
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA.
| | - Nidhi Patel
- Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Kardie Tobb
- Cone Health Medical Group, Greensboro, NC, USA
| | - Brittany Weber
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Puja K Mehta
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Center for Heart Disease Prevention, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Ijeoma Isiadinso
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Center for Heart Disease Prevention, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
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5
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Blachut D, Przywara-Chowaniec B, Tomasik A, Kukulski T, Morawiec B. Update of Potential Biomarkers in Risk Prediction and Monitoring of Atherosclerosis in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus to Prevent Cardiovascular Disease. Biomedicines 2023; 11:2814. [PMID: 37893187 PMCID: PMC10604001 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11102814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus is a chronic connective tissue disease associated with an increased risk of premature atherosclerosis. It is estimated that approximately 10% of SLE patients develop significant atherosclerosis each year, which is responsible for premature cardiovascular disease that is largely asymptomatic. This review summarizes the most recent reports from the past few years on biomarkers of atherosclerosis in SLE, mainly focusing on immune markers. Persistent chronic inflammation of the vascular wall is an important cause of cardiovascular disease (CVD) events related to endothelial dysfunction, cell proliferation, impaired production and function of nitric oxide and microangiopathic changes. Studies on pathogenic immune mediators involved in atherosclerosis will be crucial research avenues for preventing CVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominika Blachut
- 2nd Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, 41-800 Zabrze, Poland
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6
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Liu Y, Yu X, Zhang W, Zhang X, Wang M, Ji F. Mechanistic insight into premature atherosclerosis and cardiovascular complications in systemic lupus erythematosus. J Autoimmun 2022; 132:102863. [PMID: 35853760 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2022.102863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is associated with a significant risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD), which substantially increases disease mortality and morbidity. The overall mechanisms associated with the development of premature atherosclerosis and CVD in SLE remain unclear, but has been considered as a result of an intricate interplay between the profound immune dysregulation and traditional CVD risk factors. Aberrant systemic inflammation in SLE may lead to an abnormal lipid profile and dysfunction, which can further fuel the pro-atherosclerotic environment. The existence of a strong imbalance between endothelial damage and vascular repair/angiogenesis promotes vascular injury, which is the early step in the progression of atherosclerotic CVD. Profound innate and adaptive immune dysregulation, characterized by excessive type I interferon burden, aberrant macrophage, platelet and complements activation, neutrophil dysregulation and neutrophil extracellular traps formation, uncontrolled T cell activation, and excessive autoantibody production and immune complex formation, have been proposed to promote accelerated CVD in SLE. While designing targeted therapies to correct the dysregulated immune activation may be beneficial in the treatment of SLE-related CVD, much additional work is needed to determine how to translate these findings into clinical practice. Additionally, a number of biomarkers display diagnostic potentials in improving CVD risk stratification in SLE, further prospective studies will help understand which biomarker(s) will be the most impactful one(s) in assessing SLE-linked CVD. Continued efforts to identify novel mechanisms and to establish criteria for assessing CVD risk as well as predicting CVD progression are in great need to improve CVD outcomes in SLE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yudong Liu
- Department of Rheumatology, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100730, PR China; The Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, National Health Commission, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100730, PR China
| | - Xue Yu
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100730, PR China
| | - Wenduo Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100730, PR China
| | - Xuan Zhang
- Department of Rheumatology, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100730, PR China
| | - Min Wang
- Department of Rheumatology, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100730, PR China
| | - Fusui Ji
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100730, PR China.
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7
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Moschetti L, Piantoni S, Vizzardi E, Sciatti E, Riccardi M, Franceschini F, Cavazzana I. Endothelial Dysfunction in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus and Systemic Sclerosis: A Common Trigger for Different Microvascular Diseases. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:849086. [PMID: 35462989 PMCID: PMC9023861 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.849086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This review describes the complex interplay between inflammation, vasculopathy and fibrosis that involve the heart and peripheral small vessels, leading to endothelial stiffness, vascular damage, and early aging in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus and systemic sclerosis, which represents two different models of vascular dysfunction among systemic autoimmune diseases. In fact, despite the fact that diagnostic methods and therapies have been significantly improved in the last years, affected patients show an excess of cardiovascular mortality if compared with the general population. In addition, we provide a complete overview on the new techniques which are used for the evaluation of endothelial dysfunction in a preclinical phase, which could represent a new approach in the assessment of cardiovascular risk in these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liala Moschetti
- Rheumatology and Clinical immunology Unit, ASST Spedali Civili of Brescia, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Silvia Piantoni
- Rheumatology and Clinical immunology Unit, ASST Spedali Civili of Brescia, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
- *Correspondence: Silvia Piantoni,
| | - Enrico Vizzardi
- Cardiology Unit, ASST Spedali Civili of Brescia, Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | | | - Mauro Riccardi
- Cardiology Unit, ASST Spedali Civili of Brescia, Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Franco Franceschini
- Rheumatology and Clinical immunology Unit, ASST Spedali Civili of Brescia, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Ilaria Cavazzana
- Rheumatology and Clinical immunology Unit, ASST Spedali Civili of Brescia, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
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8
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Sun W, Li P, Cai J, Ma J, Zhang X, Song Y, Liu Y. Lipid Metabolism: Immune Regulation and Therapeutic Prospectives in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus. Front Immunol 2022; 13:860586. [PMID: 35371016 PMCID: PMC8971568 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.860586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a heterogeneous disease characterized by the production of abnormal autoantibodies and immune complexes that can affect the organ and organ systems, particularly the kidneys and the cardiovascular system. Emerging evidence suggests that dysregulated lipid metabolism, especially in key effector cells, such as T cells, B cells, and innate immune cells, exerts complex effects on the pathogenesis and progression of SLE. Beyond their important roles as membrane components and energy storage, different lipids can also modulate different cellular processes, such as proliferation, differentiation, and survival. In this review, we summarize altered lipid metabolism and the associated mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis and progression of SLE. Furthermore, we discuss the recent progress in the role of lipid metabolism as a potential therapeutic target in SLE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Sun
- Department of Rheumatology, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Pengchong Li
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, The Ministry of Education Key Laboratory, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Beijing Digestive Disease center, Beijing Key Laboratory for Precancerous Lesion of Digestive Diseases, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jianping Cai
- The Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, National Health Commission, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Ma
- Center of Biotherapy, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontolog, Beijing, China
- Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xuan Zhang
- Department of Rheumatology, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yong Song
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Affiliated Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- *Correspondence: Yudong Liu, ; Yong Song,
| | - Yudong Liu
- Department of Rheumatology, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Center of Biotherapy, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontolog, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Yudong Liu, ; Yong Song,
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9
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Jha SB, Rivera AP, Flores Monar GV, Islam H, Puttagunta SM, Islam R, Kundu S, Sange I. Systemic Lupus Erythematosus and Cardiovascular Disease. Cureus 2022; 14:e22027. [PMID: 35282557 PMCID: PMC8910778 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.22027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
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10
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Cruz MS, Loureiro JP, Oliveira MJ, Macedo MF. The iNKT Cell-Macrophage Axis in Homeostasis and Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23031640. [PMID: 35163561 PMCID: PMC8835952 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Revised: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells are CD1d-restricted, lipid-reactive T cells that exhibit preponderant immunomodulatory properties. The ultimate protective or deleterious functions displayed by iNKT cells in tissues are known to be partially shaped by the interactions they establish with other immune cells. In particular, the iNKT cell–macrophage crosstalk has gained growing interest over the past two decades. Accumulating evidence has highlighted that this immune axis plays central roles not only in maintaining homeostasis but also during the development of several pathologies. Hence, this review summarizes the reported features of the iNKT cell–macrophage axis in health and disease. We discuss the pathophysiological significance of this interplay and provide an overview of how both cells communicate with each other to regulate disease onset and progression in the context of infection, obesity, sterile inflammation, cancer and autoimmunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana S. Cruz
- Cell Activation and Gene Expression Group, Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular (IBMC), Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S), Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; (M.S.C.); (J.P.L.)
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro (UA), 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - José Pedro Loureiro
- Cell Activation and Gene Expression Group, Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular (IBMC), Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S), Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; (M.S.C.); (J.P.L.)
- Experimental Immunology Group, Department of Biomedicine (DBM), University of Basel and University Hospital Basel, Hebelstrasse 20, 4031 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Maria J. Oliveira
- Tumour and Microenvironment Interactions Group, Instituto Nacional de Engenharia Biomédica (INEB), Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S), Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal;
- Department of Molecular Biology, ICBAS-Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Maria Fatima Macedo
- Cell Activation and Gene Expression Group, Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular (IBMC), Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S), Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; (M.S.C.); (J.P.L.)
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro (UA), 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
- Correspondence:
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Greenan-Barrett J, Doolan G, Shah D, Virdee S, Robinson GA, Choida V, Gak N, de Gruijter N, Rosser E, Al-Obaidi M, Leandro M, Zandi MS, Pepper RJ, Salama A, Jury EC, Ciurtin C. Biomarkers Associated with Organ-Specific Involvement in Juvenile Systemic Lupus Erythematosus. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:7619. [PMID: 34299237 PMCID: PMC8306911 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22147619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Revised: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Juvenile systemic lupus erythematosus (JSLE) is characterised by onset before 18 years of age and more severe disease phenotype, increased morbidity and mortality compared to adult-onset SLE. Management strategies in JSLE rely heavily on evidence derived from adult-onset SLE studies; therefore, identifying biomarkers associated with the disease pathogenesis and reflecting particularities of JSLE clinical phenotype holds promise for better patient management and improved outcomes. This narrative review summarises the evidence related to various traditional and novel biomarkers that have shown a promising role in identifying and predicting specific organ involvement in JSLE and appraises the evidence regarding their clinical utility, focusing in particular on renal biomarkers, while also emphasising the research into cardiovascular, haematological, neurological, skin and joint disease-related JSLE biomarkers, as well as genetic biomarkers with potential clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Greenan-Barrett
- Centre for Adolescent Rheumatology Versus Arthritis, University College London, London WC1E 6DH, UK; (J.G.-B.); (G.D.); (D.S.); (G.A.R.); (V.C.); (N.d.G.); (E.R.)
| | - Georgia Doolan
- Centre for Adolescent Rheumatology Versus Arthritis, University College London, London WC1E 6DH, UK; (J.G.-B.); (G.D.); (D.S.); (G.A.R.); (V.C.); (N.d.G.); (E.R.)
| | - Devina Shah
- Centre for Adolescent Rheumatology Versus Arthritis, University College London, London WC1E 6DH, UK; (J.G.-B.); (G.D.); (D.S.); (G.A.R.); (V.C.); (N.d.G.); (E.R.)
| | - Simrun Virdee
- Department of Ophthalmology, Royal Free Hospital, London NW3 2QG, UK;
| | - George A. Robinson
- Centre for Adolescent Rheumatology Versus Arthritis, University College London, London WC1E 6DH, UK; (J.G.-B.); (G.D.); (D.S.); (G.A.R.); (V.C.); (N.d.G.); (E.R.)
| | - Varvara Choida
- Centre for Adolescent Rheumatology Versus Arthritis, University College London, London WC1E 6DH, UK; (J.G.-B.); (G.D.); (D.S.); (G.A.R.); (V.C.); (N.d.G.); (E.R.)
| | - Nataliya Gak
- Department of Rheumatology, University College London Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London NW1 2BU, UK; (N.G.); (M.L.)
| | - Nina de Gruijter
- Centre for Adolescent Rheumatology Versus Arthritis, University College London, London WC1E 6DH, UK; (J.G.-B.); (G.D.); (D.S.); (G.A.R.); (V.C.); (N.d.G.); (E.R.)
| | - Elizabeth Rosser
- Centre for Adolescent Rheumatology Versus Arthritis, University College London, London WC1E 6DH, UK; (J.G.-B.); (G.D.); (D.S.); (G.A.R.); (V.C.); (N.d.G.); (E.R.)
| | - Muthana Al-Obaidi
- Department of Paediatric Rheumatology, Great Ormond Street Hospital, London WC1N 3JH, UK;
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London WC1N 1EH, UK
| | - Maria Leandro
- Department of Rheumatology, University College London Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London NW1 2BU, UK; (N.G.); (M.L.)
- Centre for Rheumatology, Division of Medicine, University College London, London WC1E 6DH, UK;
| | - Michael S. Zandi
- Department of Neurology, National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London NW1 2BU, UK;
| | - Ruth J. Pepper
- Department of Renal Medicine, Royal Free Hospital, University College London, London NW3 2QG, UK; (R.J.P.); (A.S.)
| | - Alan Salama
- Department of Renal Medicine, Royal Free Hospital, University College London, London NW3 2QG, UK; (R.J.P.); (A.S.)
| | - Elizabeth C. Jury
- Centre for Rheumatology, Division of Medicine, University College London, London WC1E 6DH, UK;
| | - Coziana Ciurtin
- Centre for Adolescent Rheumatology Versus Arthritis, University College London, London WC1E 6DH, UK; (J.G.-B.); (G.D.); (D.S.); (G.A.R.); (V.C.); (N.d.G.); (E.R.)
- Department of Rheumatology, University College London Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London NW1 2BU, UK; (N.G.); (M.L.)
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Coelewij L, Waddington KE, Robinson GA, Chocano E, McDonnell T, Farinha F, Peng J, Dönnes P, Smith E, Croca S, Bakshi J, Griffin M, Nicolaides A, Rahman A, Jury EC, Pineda-Torra I. Serum Metabolomic Signatures Can Predict Subclinical Atherosclerosis in Patients With Systemic Lupus Erythematosus. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2021; 41:1446-1458. [PMID: 33535791 PMCID: PMC7610443 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.120.315321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 01/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
[Figure: see text].
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Affiliation(s)
- Leda Coelewij
- Centre for Cardiometabolic and Vascular Science, Department of Medicine, University College London, London W1CE 6JF, U.K
- Centre for Rheumatology Research, Department of Medicine, University College London, London W1CE 6JF, U.K
| | - Kirsty E Waddington
- Centre for Cardiometabolic and Vascular Science, Department of Medicine, University College London, London W1CE 6JF, U.K
- Centre for Rheumatology Research, Department of Medicine, University College London, London W1CE 6JF, U.K
| | - George A Robinson
- Centre for Rheumatology Research, Department of Medicine, University College London, London W1CE 6JF, U.K
- Centre for Adolescent Rheumatology Versus Arthritis, Department of Medicine, University College London, London W1CE 6JF, U.K
| | - Elvira Chocano
- Centre for Cardiometabolic and Vascular Science, Department of Medicine, University College London, London W1CE 6JF, U.K
- Centre for Rheumatology Research, Department of Medicine, University College London, London W1CE 6JF, U.K
| | - Thomas McDonnell
- Centre for Rheumatology Research, Department of Medicine, University College London, London W1CE 6JF, U.K
| | - Filipa Farinha
- Centre for Rheumatology Research, Department of Medicine, University College London, London W1CE 6JF, U.K
| | - Junjie Peng
- Centre for Rheumatology Research, Department of Medicine, University College London, London W1CE 6JF, U.K
- Centre for Adolescent Rheumatology Versus Arthritis, Department of Medicine, University College London, London W1CE 6JF, U.K
| | - Pierre Dönnes
- Centre for Rheumatology Research, Department of Medicine, University College London, London W1CE 6JF, U.K
- Scicross AB, Skövde, Sweden
| | - Edward Smith
- Centre for Rheumatology Research, Department of Medicine, University College London, London W1CE 6JF, U.K
| | - Sara Croca
- Centre for Rheumatology Research, Department of Medicine, University College London, London W1CE 6JF, U.K
| | - Jyoti Bakshi
- Centre for Rheumatology Research, Department of Medicine, University College London, London W1CE 6JF, U.K
| | - Maura Griffin
- Vascular Screening and Diagnostic Centre, Weymouth Street, London, UK
| | - Andrew Nicolaides
- Vascular Screening and Diagnostic Centre, Weymouth Street, London, UK
- St Georges London/Nicosia Medical School, University of Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Anisur Rahman
- Centre for Rheumatology Research, Department of Medicine, University College London, London W1CE 6JF, U.K
| | - Elizabeth C Jury
- Centre for Rheumatology Research, Department of Medicine, University College London, London W1CE 6JF, U.K
| | - Ines Pineda-Torra
- Centre for Cardiometabolic and Vascular Science, Department of Medicine, University College London, London W1CE 6JF, U.K
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13
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Robinson GA, Waddington KE, Coelewij L, Peng J, Naja M, Wincup C, Radziszewska A, Peckham H, Isenberg DA, Ioannou Y, Ciurtin C, Pineda-Torra I, Jury EC. Increased apolipoprotein-B:A1 ratio predicts cardiometabolic risk in patients with juvenile onset SLE. EBioMedicine 2021; 65:103243. [PMID: 33640328 PMCID: PMC7992074 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2021.103243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Revised: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiovascular disease is a leading cause of mortality in patients with juvenile-onset systemic lupus erythematosus (JSLE). Traditional factors for cardiovascular risk (CVR) prediction are less robust in younger patients. More reliable CVR biomarkers are needed for JSLE patient stratification and to identify therapeutic approaches to reduce cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in JSLE. METHODS Serum metabolomic analysis (including >200 lipoprotein measures) was performed on a discovery (n=31, median age 19) and validation (n=31, median age 19) cohort of JSLE patients. Data was analysed using cluster, receiver operating characteristic analysis and logistic regression. RNA-sequencing assessed gene expression in matched patient samples. FINDINGS Hierarchical clustering of lipoprotein measures identified and validated two unique JSLE groups. Group-1 had an atherogenic and Group-2 had an atheroprotective lipoprotien profile. Apolipoprotein(Apo)B:ApoA1 distinguished the two groups with high specificity (96.2%) and sensitivity (96.7%). JSLE patients with high ApoB:ApoA1 ratio had increased CD8+ T-cell frequencies and a CD8+ T-cell transcriptomic profile enriched in genes associated with atherogenic processes including interferon signaling. These metabolic and immune signatures overlapped statistically significantly with lipid biomarkers associated with sub-clinical atherosclerosis in adult SLE patients and with genes overexpressed in T-cells from human atherosclerotic plaque respectively. Finally, baseline ApoB:ApoA1 ratio correlated positively with SLE disease activity index (r=0.43, p=0.0009) and negatively with Lupus Low Disease Activity State (r=-0.43, p=0.0009) over 5-year follow-up. INTERPRETATION Multi-omic analysis identified high ApoB:ApoA1 as a potential biomarker of increased cardiometabolic risk and worse clinical outcomes in JSLE. ApoB:ApoA1 could help identify patients that require increased disease monitoring, lipid modification or lifestyle changes. FUNDING Lupus UK, The Rosetrees Trust, British Heart Foundation, UCL & Birkbeck MRC Doctoral Training Programme and Versus Arthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- George A Robinson
- Centre for Rheumatology Research, Department of Medicine, University College London, Rayne Building, London W1CE 6JF, UK; Centre for Adolescent Rheumatology Versus Arthritis, Department of Medicine, University College London, Rayne Building, London W1CE 6JF, UK.
| | - Kirsty E Waddington
- Centre for Rheumatology Research, Department of Medicine, University College London, Rayne Building, London W1CE 6JF, UK; Centre for Cardiometabolic and Vascular Science, Department of Medicine, University College London, London W1CE 6JF, UK
| | - Leda Coelewij
- Centre for Rheumatology Research, Department of Medicine, University College London, Rayne Building, London W1CE 6JF, UK; Centre for Cardiometabolic and Vascular Science, Department of Medicine, University College London, London W1CE 6JF, UK
| | - Junjie Peng
- Centre for Rheumatology Research, Department of Medicine, University College London, Rayne Building, London W1CE 6JF, UK; Centre for Adolescent Rheumatology Versus Arthritis, Department of Medicine, University College London, Rayne Building, London W1CE 6JF, UK
| | - Meena Naja
- Centre for Adolescent Rheumatology Versus Arthritis, Department of Medicine, University College London, Rayne Building, London W1CE 6JF, UK
| | - Chris Wincup
- Centre for Rheumatology Research, Department of Medicine, University College London, Rayne Building, London W1CE 6JF, UK
| | - Anna Radziszewska
- Centre for Adolescent Rheumatology Versus Arthritis, Department of Medicine, University College London, Rayne Building, London W1CE 6JF, UK
| | - Hannah Peckham
- Centre for Adolescent Rheumatology Versus Arthritis, Department of Medicine, University College London, Rayne Building, London W1CE 6JF, UK
| | - David A Isenberg
- Centre for Rheumatology Research, Department of Medicine, University College London, Rayne Building, London W1CE 6JF, UK; Centre for Adolescent Rheumatology Versus Arthritis, Department of Medicine, University College London, Rayne Building, London W1CE 6JF, UK
| | - Yiannis Ioannou
- Centre for Adolescent Rheumatology Versus Arthritis, Department of Medicine, University College London, Rayne Building, London W1CE 6JF, UK
| | - Coziana Ciurtin
- Centre for Rheumatology Research, Department of Medicine, University College London, Rayne Building, London W1CE 6JF, UK; Centre for Adolescent Rheumatology Versus Arthritis, Department of Medicine, University College London, Rayne Building, London W1CE 6JF, UK.
| | - Ines Pineda-Torra
- Centre for Cardiometabolic and Vascular Science, Department of Medicine, University College London, London W1CE 6JF, UK.
| | - Elizabeth C Jury
- Centre for Rheumatology Research, Department of Medicine, University College London, Rayne Building, London W1CE 6JF, UK.
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Ding X, Xiang W, He X. IFN-I Mediates Dysfunction of Endothelial Progenitor Cells in Atherosclerosis of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus. Front Immunol 2020; 11:581385. [PMID: 33262760 PMCID: PMC7686511 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.581385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a multi-system autoimmune disease including the cardiovascular system. Atherosclerosis is the most common cardiovascular complication of SLE and a significant risk factor for morbidity and mortality. Vascular damage/protection mechanism in SLE patients is out of balance, caused by the cascade reaction among oxidative stress, proinflammatory cytokines, Neutrophil Extracellular Traps, activation of B cells and autoantibodies and abnormal T cells. As a precursor cell repairing vascular endothelium, endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) belong to the protective mechanism and show the reduced number and impaired function in SLE. However, the pathological mechanism of EPCs dysfunction in SLE remains ill-defined. This paper reviews the latest SLE epidemiology and pathogenesis, discusses the changes in the number and function of EPCs in SLE, expounds the role of EPCs in SLE atherosclerosis, and provides new guidance and theoretical basis for exploring novel targets for SLE treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuewei Ding
- Institute of Pediatrics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Laboratory of Pediatric Nephrology, Institute of Pediatrics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Wei Xiang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Translational Medicine of Ministry of Education, Hainan Medical University, NHC Key Laboratory of Control of Tropical diseases (Hainan Medical University), Haikou, China
| | - Xiaojie He
- Institute of Pediatrics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Laboratory of Pediatric Nephrology, Institute of Pediatrics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
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15
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Schwartz DM, Burma AM, Kitakule MM, Luo Y, Mehta NN. T Cells in Autoimmunity-Associated Cardiovascular Diseases. Front Immunol 2020; 11:588776. [PMID: 33117403 PMCID: PMC7576936 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.588776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
T cells are indisputably critical mediators of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (CVD), where they secrete pro-inflammatory cytokines that promote vascular pathology. Equally well-established is the fact that autoimmune diseases, which are mediated by autoreactive T cells, substantially increase the risk of developing CVD. Indeed, as immunomodulatory treatments have become more effective at treating end-organ pathology, CVD has become a leading cause of death in patients with autoimmune diseases. Despite this, investigators have only recently begun to probe the mechanisms by which autoreactive T cells promote CVD in the context of autoimmune diseases. T cells are best-studied in the pathogenesis of systemic vasculitides, where they react to self-antigen in the vessel wall. However, newer studies indicate that T cells also contribute to the increased CVD risk associated with lupus and rheumatoid arthritis. Given the central role of T-cell-derived cytokines in the pathogenesis of psoriasis, the role of these factors in psoriatic CVD is also under investigation. In the future, T cells are likely to represent major targets for the prevention and treatment of CVD in patients with autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniella Muallem Schwartz
- Laboratory of Allergic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Aarohan M. Burma
- Laboratory of Allergic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Moses M. Kitakule
- Laboratory of Allergic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Yiming Luo
- Rheumatology Fellowship Program, National Institute of Arthritis, Musculoskeletal, and Skin Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Nehal N. Mehta
- Section of Inflammation and Cardiometabolic Diseases, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
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16
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Waddington KE, Papadaki A, Coelewij L, Adriani M, Nytrova P, Kubala Havrdova E, Fogdell-Hahn A, Farrell R, Dönnes P, Pineda-Torra I, Jury EC. Using Serum Metabolomics to Predict Development of Anti-drug Antibodies in Multiple Sclerosis Patients Treated With IFNβ. Front Immunol 2020; 11:1527. [PMID: 32765529 PMCID: PMC7380268 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Neutralizing anti-drug antibodies (ADA) can greatly reduce the efficacy of biopharmaceuticals used to treat patients with multiple sclerosis (MS). However, the biological factors pre-disposing an individual to develop ADA are poorly characterized. Thus, there is an unmet clinical need for biomarkers to predict the development of immunogenicity, and subsequent treatment failure. Up to 35% of MS patients treated with beta interferons (IFNβ) develop ADA. Here we use machine learning to predict immunogenicity against IFNβ utilizing serum metabolomics data. Methods: Serum samples were collected from 89 MS patients as part of the ABIRISK consortium-a multi-center prospective study of ADA development. Metabolites and ADA were quantified prior to and after IFNβ treatment. Thirty patients became ADA positive during the first year of treatment (ADA+). We tested the efficacy of six binary classification models using 10-fold cross validation; k-nearest neighbors, decision tree, random forest, support vector machine and lasso (Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator) logistic regression with and without interactions. Results: We were able to predict future immunogenicity from baseline metabolomics data. Lasso logistic regression with/without interactions and support vector machines were the most successful at identifying ADA+ or ADA- cases, respectively. Furthermore, patients who become ADA+ had a distinct metabolic response to IFNβ in the first 3 months, with 29 differentially regulated metabolites. Machine learning algorithms could also predict ADA status based on metabolite concentrations at 3 months. Lasso logistic regressions had the greatest proportion of correct classifications [F1 score (accuracy measure) = 0.808, specificity = 0.913]. Finally, we hypothesized that serum lipids could contribute to ADA development by altering immune-cell lipid rafts. This was supported by experimental evidence demonstrating that, prior to IFNβ exposure, lipid raft-associated lipids were differentially expressed between MS patients who became ADA+ or remained ADA-. Conclusion: Serum metabolites are a promising biomarker for prediction of ADA development in MS patients treated with IFNβ, and could provide novel insight into mechanisms of immunogenicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirsty E. Waddington
- Centre for Rheumatology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
- Centre for Cardiometabolic and Vascular Medicine, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Artemis Papadaki
- Centre for Rheumatology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Leda Coelewij
- Centre for Rheumatology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
- Centre for Cardiometabolic and Vascular Medicine, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Marsilio Adriani
- Centre for Rheumatology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Petra Nytrova
- Department of Neurology and Centre of Clinical Neuroscience, General University Hospital and First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague, Prague, Czechia
| | - Eva Kubala Havrdova
- Department of Neurology and Centre of Clinical Neuroscience, General University Hospital and First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague, Prague, Czechia
| | - Anna Fogdell-Hahn
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Molecular Medicine (CMM), Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Rachel Farrell
- Department of Neuroinflammation, University College London, Institute of Neurology and National Hospital of Neurology and Neurosurgery, London, United Kingdom
| | - Pierre Dönnes
- Centre for Rheumatology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
- Scicross AB, Skövde, Sweden
| | - Inés Pineda-Torra
- Centre for Cardiometabolic and Vascular Medicine, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Elizabeth C. Jury
- Centre for Rheumatology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
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17
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Tsokos GC. Autoimmunity and organ damage in systemic lupus erythematosus. Nat Immunol 2020; 21:605-614. [PMID: 32367037 PMCID: PMC8135909 DOI: 10.1038/s41590-020-0677-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 280] [Impact Index Per Article: 70.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Impressive progress has been made over the last several years toward understanding how almost every aspect of the immune system contributes to the expression of systemic autoimmunity. In parallel, studies have shed light on the mechanisms that contribute to organ inflammation and damage. New approaches that address the complicated interaction between genetic variants, epigenetic processes, sex and the environment promise to enlighten the multitude of pathways that lead to what is clinically defined as systemic lupus erythematosus. It is expected that each patient owns a unique 'interactome', which will dictate specific treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- George C Tsokos
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA.
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18
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Riffelmacher T, Kronenberg M. Metabolic Triggers of Invariant Natural Killer T-Cell Activation during Sterile Autoinflammatory Disease. Crit Rev Immunol 2020; 40:367-378. [PMID: 33463949 PMCID: PMC7116673 DOI: 10.1615/critrevimmunol.2020035158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Ample evidence exists for activation of invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells in a sterile manner by endogenous ligands or microbial antigens from the commensal flora, indicating that iNKT cells are not truly self-tolerant. Their controlled autoreactivity state is disturbed in many types of sterile inflammatory disease, resulting in their central role in modulating autoimmune responses. This review focuses on sterile iNKT-cell responses that are initiated by metabolic triggers, such as obesity-associated inflammation and fatty liver disease, as a manifestation of metabolic disease and dyslipidemia, as well as ischemia reperfusion injuries and sickle cell disease, characterized by acute lack of oxygen and oxidative stress response on reperfusion. In the intestine, inflammation and iNKT-cell response type are shaped by the microbiome as an extended "self". Disease- and organ-specific differences in iNKT-cell response type are summarized and help to define common pathways that shape iNKT-cell responses in the absence of exogenous antigen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Riffelmacher
- La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7FY, UK
| | - Mitchell Kronenberg
- La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
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19
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Joyce S, Spiller BW, Van Kaer L. What one lipid giveth, another taketh away. Nat Immunol 2019; 20:1559-1561. [PMID: 31636467 PMCID: PMC7755123 DOI: 10.1038/s41590-019-0525-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Acid sphingomyelinase deficiency, which prevents degradation of sphingomyelin (SM), causes lysosomal SM overload both in mice and in patients with Niemann–Pick disease A or B. Altered cellular SM homeostasis disrupts the development and function of natural killer T cells by obstructing the presentation of lipid agonists by CD1d molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Joyce
- Department of Veterans Affairs, Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, TN, USA.
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA.
| | - Benjamin W Spiller
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Luc Van Kaer
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
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20
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Bradford CM, McDonnell T, Raj D, Robinson GA, Cole A, Ramakrishnan S, González-Serrano R, Mak J, Eskiocak YC, Isenberg DA, Ciurtin C, Jury EC, Manson JJ. Characterization of a Subset of Patients With Rheumatoid Arthritis for Whom Current Management Strategies are Inadequate. ACR Open Rheumatol 2019; 1:145-155. [PMID: 31777790 PMCID: PMC6857995 DOI: 10.1002/acr2.1021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective A subset of patients with seropositive rheumatoid arthritis (RA) do not mount a C‐reactive protein (CRP) response during flares. We hypothesize that these patients are more likely to experience poor clinical care and less likely to respond to traditional therapy. This study questioned whether this presentation was associated with worse disease outcome and distinct immunological features. Methods Using Power Doppler ultrasound, 48 RA patients with active synovitis were recruited; 30 had normal (n)CRP (5 mg/L or less) and 18 had high (h)CRP (more than 5 mg/L) levels. All had equivalent disease burden assessed by other clinical and laboratory parameters. Results Time to diagnosis and time to first disease‐modifying antirheumatic drug were significantly longer in nCRP compared with hCRP patients (P < 0.05). Significantly more nCRP patients needed escalation to biologics after 2‐year follow‐up (P = 0.01). The inflammatory milieu was also different between the two subgroups. Synergy between inflammatory cytokines observed in hCRP patients was lost in nCRP patients, and nCRP patients had significantly increased regulatory T‐cell (Treg) frequencies that correlated positively with predictors of poor disease outcome. Conversely, hCRP but not nCRP patients demonstrated a significant upregulation of alternative complement pathway factors that correlated negatively with Treg frequency. Conclusion Patients with nCRP during flares of RA had an altered immunological profile compared with hCRP patients and experienced diagnostic delays and responded less favorably to conventional treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Andrew Cole
- University College London Hospital London UK
| | | | | | | | | | - David A Isenberg
- University College London and University College London Hospital London UK
| | - Coziana Ciurtin
- University College London and University College London Hospital London UK
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21
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High prevalence of CD3, NK, and NKT cells in the graft predicts adverse outcome after matched-related and unrelated transplantations with post transplantation cyclophosphamide. Bone Marrow Transplant 2019; 55:544-552. [PMID: 31541204 DOI: 10.1038/s41409-019-0665-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2019] [Revised: 08/14/2019] [Accepted: 08/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The predictive value of graft composition and plasma biomarkers on the outcome of allogeneic HSCT is well known for conventional GVHD prophylaxis based on calcineurin inhibitors with or without antithymocyte globulin. Currently, there is limited data whether these results could be translated to post transplantation cyclophosphamide (PTCy). The prospective extension cohort of NCT02294552 trial enrolled 79 adult patients with acute leukemia in CR. Twenty-six received matched-related bone marrow (BM) grafts with single-agent PTCy and 53 received unrelated peripheral blood stem cell graft (PBSC) with PTCy, tacrolimus, and MMF. The grafts were studied by the flow cytometry, and plasma samples were analyzed by ELISA. In the cluster and major component analysis, we determined that transplantation from donors with high content of CD3, NKT, and CD16-CD56 + subpopulations in the PBSC grafts was associated with poor immunological recovery and compromised event-free survival (50% vs. 80%, HR 2.93, p = 0.015) both due to increased relapse incidence and non-relapse mortality. The significant independent predictor of moderate and severe chronic GVHD was the high prevalence of and iNKT, Vβ11, and double-positive cells in the PBSC grafts from young donors (HR 2.75, p = 0.0483). No patterns could be identified for BM grafts and for plasma biomarkers.
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22
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Cortesi F, Delfanti G, Grilli A, Calcinotto A, Gorini F, Pucci F, Lucianò R, Grioni M, Recchia A, Benigni F, Briganti A, Salonia A, De Palma M, Bicciato S, Doglioni C, Bellone M, Casorati G, Dellabona P. Bimodal CD40/Fas-Dependent Crosstalk between iNKT Cells and Tumor-Associated Macrophages Impairs Prostate Cancer Progression. Cell Rep 2019. [PMID: 29539427 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2018.02.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Heterotypic cellular and molecular interactions in the tumor microenvironment (TME) control cancer progression. Here, we show that CD1d-restricted invariant natural killer (iNKT) cells control prostate cancer (PCa) progression by sculpting the TME. In a mouse PCa model, iNKT cells restrained the pro-angiogenic and immunosuppressive capabilities of tumor-infiltrating immune cells by reducing pro-angiogenic TIE2+, M2-like macrophages (TEMs), and sustaining pro-inflammatory M1-like macrophages. iNKT cells directly contacted macrophages in the PCa stroma, and iNKT cell transfer into tumor-bearing mice abated TEMs, delaying tumor progression. iNKT cells modulated macrophages through the cooperative engagement of CD1d, Fas, and CD40, which promoted selective killing of M2-like and survival of M1-like macrophages. Human PCa aggressiveness associate with reduced intra-tumoral iNKT cells, increased TEMs, and expression of pro-angiogenic genes, underscoring the clinical significance of this crosstalk. Therefore, iNKT cells may control PCa through mechanisms involving differential macrophage modulation, which may be harnessed for therapeutically reprogramming the TME.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filippo Cortesi
- Experimental Immunology Unit, Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan 20123, Italy
| | - Gloria Delfanti
- Experimental Immunology Unit, Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan 20123, Italy
| | - Andrea Grilli
- Center for Genome Research Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy; PhD Program of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, 20090 Segrate, Italy
| | - Arianna Calcinotto
- Cellular Immunology Unit, Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan 20123, Italy
| | - Francesca Gorini
- Experimental Immunology Unit, Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan 20123, Italy
| | | | - Roberta Lucianò
- Division of Pathology, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan 20123, Italy
| | - Matteo Grioni
- Cellular Immunology Unit, Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan 20123, Italy
| | - Alessandra Recchia
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Fabio Benigni
- Division of Experimental Oncology/Unit of Urology, URI, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan 20123, Italy
| | - Alberto Briganti
- Division of Experimental Oncology/Unit of Urology, URI, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan 20123, Italy
| | - Andrea Salonia
- Division of Experimental Oncology/Unit of Urology, URI, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan 20123, Italy; San Raffaele Vita-Salute University, Milan 20123, Italy
| | - Michele De Palma
- Swiss Institute for Experimental Cancer Research (ISREC), School of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Silvio Bicciato
- Center for Genome Research Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Claudio Doglioni
- Division of Pathology, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan 20123, Italy; San Raffaele Vita-Salute University, Milan 20123, Italy
| | - Matteo Bellone
- Cellular Immunology Unit, Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan 20123, Italy.
| | - Giulia Casorati
- Experimental Immunology Unit, Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan 20123, Italy.
| | - Paolo Dellabona
- Experimental Immunology Unit, Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan 20123, Italy.
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23
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The Role of Neutrophils and Neutrophil Extracellular Traps in Vascular Damage in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus. J Clin Med 2019; 8:jcm8091325. [PMID: 31466329 PMCID: PMC6780421 DOI: 10.3390/jcm8091325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2019] [Revised: 08/16/2019] [Accepted: 08/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune syndrome of unknown etiology, characterized by multi-organ inflammation and clinical heterogeneity. SLE affects mostly women and is associated with a high risk of cardiovascular disease. As the therapeutic management of SLE improved, a pattern of early atherosclerotic disease became one of the hallmarks of late disease morbidity and mortality. Neutrophils emerged as important players in SLE pathogenesis and they are associated with increased risk of developing atherosclerotic disease and vascular damage. Enhanced neutrophil extracellular trap (NET) formation was linked to vasculopathy in both SLE and non-SLE subjects and may promote enhanced coronary plaque formation and lipoprotein dysregulation. Foundational work provided insight into the complex relationship between NETs and immune and tissue resident cells within the diseased artery. In this review, we highlight the mechanistic link between neutrophils, NETs, and atherosclerosis within the context of both SLE and non-SLE subjects. We aim to identify actionable pathways that will drive future research toward translational therapeutics, with the ultimate goal of preventing early morbidity and mortality in SLE.
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24
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The mechanisms leading to the development of premature atherosclerosis and vascular injury in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) remain to be fully elucidated. This is a comprehensive review of recent research developments related to the understanding of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in lupus. RECENT FINDINGS SLE patients with lupus nephritis display significantly increased risk of myocardial infarction and CVD mortality than SLE patients without lupus nephritis. SLE disease-related parameters could be taken into consideration when calculating CVD risks. The type I interferon pathway is detrimental to the vasculature and may contribute to the development of insulin resistance. The level of low-density granulocytes, a distinct subset of proinflammatory neutrophils present in SLE, was independently associated with coronary plaque burden and endothelial dysfunction. Invariant natural killer T cells may promote an atheroprotective effect in SLE patients with asymptomatic atherosclerotic plaques. Oxidized lupus high-density lipoprotein promotes proinflammatory responses in macrophages. SUMMARY Recent discoveries have further strengthened the critical role of SLE-related immune dysregulation and metabolic disturbances in promoting accelerated CVD. Understanding how these pathogenic factors promote vascular injury may provide better molecular candidates for therapeutic targeting, and ultimately to improve CVD outcomes.
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25
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Kong Y, Rastogi D, Seoighe C, Greally JM, Suzuki M. Insights from deconvolution of cell subtype proportions enhance the interpretation of functional genomic data. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0215987. [PMID: 31022271 PMCID: PMC6483354 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0215987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2018] [Accepted: 04/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell subtype proportion variability between samples contributes significantly to the variation of functional genomic properties such as gene expression or DNA methylation. Although the impact of the variation of cell subtype composition on measured genomic quantities is recognized, and some innovative tools have been developed for the analysis of heterogeneous samples, most functional genomics studies using samples with mixed cell types still ignore the influence of cell subtype proportion variation, or just deal with it as a nuisance variable to be eliminated. Here we demonstrate how harvesting information about cell subtype proportions from functional genomics data can provide insights into cellular changes associated with phenotypes. We focused on two types of mixed cell populations, human blood and mouse kidney. Cell type prediction is well developed in the former, but not currently in the latter. Estimating the cellular repertoire is easier when a reference dataset from purified samples of all cell types in the tissue is available, as is the case for blood. However, reference datasets are not available for most other tissues, such as the kidney. In this study, we showed that the proportion of alterations attributable to changes in the cellular composition varies strikingly in the two disorders (asthma and systemic lupus erythematosus), suggesting that the contribution of cell subtype proportion changes to functional genomic properties can be disease-specific. We also showed that a reference dataset from a single-cell RNA-seq study successfully estimated the cell subtype proportions in mouse kidney and allowed us to distinguish altered cell subtype differences between two different knock-out mouse models, both of which had reported a reduced number of glomeruli compared to their wild-type counterparts. These findings demonstrate that testing for changes in cell subtype proportions between conditions can yield important insights in functional genomics studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Kong
- Department of Genetics and Center for Epigenomics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, United States of America
| | - Deepa Rastogi
- Department of Pediatrics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, United States of America
| | - Cathal Seoighe
- School of Mathematics, Statistics and Applied Mathematics, National University of Ireland Galway, University Road, Galway, Ireland
| | - John M. Greally
- Department of Genetics and Center for Epigenomics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, United States of America
| | - Masako Suzuki
- Department of Genetics and Center for Epigenomics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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26
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Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune rheumatic disease with a prevalence of approximately 1 in 1000. Over the last 30 years, advances in treatment such as use of corticosteroids and immunosuppressants have improved life expectancy and quality of life for patients with lupus and the key unmet needs have therefore changed. With the reduced mortality from disease activity, development of cardiovascular disease (CVD) has become an increasingly important cause of death in patients with SLE. The increased CVD risk in these patients is partly, but not fully explained by standard risk factors, and abnormalities in the immune response to lipids may play a role. Invariant natural killer T cells, which are triggered specifically by lipid antigens, may protect against progression of subclinical atherosclerosis. However, currently our recommendation is that clinicians should focus on optimal management of standard CVD risk factors such as smoking, blood pressure and lipid levels. Fatigue is one of the most common and most limiting symptoms suffered by patients with SLE. The cause of fatigue is multifactorial and disease activity does not explain this symptom. Consequently, therapies directed towards reducing inflammation and disease activity do not reliably reduce fatigue and new approaches are needed. Currently, we recommend asking about sleep pattern, optimising pain relief and excluding other causes of fatigue such as anaemia and metabolic disturbances. For the subgroup of patients whose disease activity is not fully controlled by standard treatment regimes, a range of different biologic agents have been proposed and subjected to clinical trials. Many of these trials have given disappointing results, though belimumab, which targets B lymphocytes, did meet its primary endpoint. New biologics targeting B cells, T cells or cytokines (especially interferon) are still going through trials raising the hope that novel therapies for patients with refractory SLE may be available soon.
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Ververs FA, Kalkhoven E, Van't Land B, Boes M, Schipper HS. Immunometabolic Activation of Invariant Natural Killer T Cells. Front Immunol 2018; 9:1192. [PMID: 29892305 PMCID: PMC5985373 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.01192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2018] [Accepted: 05/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells are lipid-reactive T cells with profound immunomodulatory potential. They are unique in their restriction to lipid antigens presented in CD1d molecules, which underlies their role in lipid-driven disorders such as obesity and atherosclerosis. In this review, we discuss the contribution of iNKT cell activation to immunometabolic disease, metabolic programming of lipid antigen presentation, and immunometabolic activation of iNKT cells. First, we outline the role of iNKT cells in immunometabolic disease. Second, we discuss the effects of cellular metabolism on lipid antigen processing and presentation to iNKT cells. The synthesis and processing of glycolipids and other potential endogenous lipid antigens depends on metabolic demand and may steer iNKT cells toward adopting a Th1 or Th2 signature. Third, external signals such as toll-like receptor ligands, adipokines, and cytokines modulate antigen presentation and subsequent iNKT cell responses. Finally, we will discuss the relevance of metabolic programming of iNKT cells in human disease, focusing on their role in disorders such as obesity and atherosclerosis. The critical response to metabolic changes places iNKT cells at the helm of immunometabolic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca A Ververs
- Laboratory for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Eric Kalkhoven
- Department of Molecular Cancer Research, Center for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, University Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Belinda Van't Land
- Department of Immunology, Nutricia Research, Utrecht, Netherlands.,Department of Pediatric Immunology, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Marianne Boes
- Laboratory for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands.,Department of Pediatric Immunology, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Henk S Schipper
- Laboratory for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands.,Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
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28
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Atherosclerosis in systemic lupus erythematosus. Best Pract Res Clin Rheumatol 2017; 31:364-372. [PMID: 29224678 DOI: 10.1016/j.berh.2017.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2017] [Accepted: 08/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD), comprising coronary heart disease and stroke, is one of the most important causes of death in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). The risks of developing both clinical CVD and sub-clinical atherosclerosis are increased in patients with SLE. This increase is not fully explained by traditional cardiovascular risk factors such as smoking, hypertension and elevated cholesterol, and it is believed that immune dysfunction also contributes to CVD risk in SLE. In particular, recent studies have shown that abnormalities in both serum lipid profile and the autoantibody and T lymphocyte response to lipids may play a role in development of atherosclerosis. The standard CVD risk calculation algorithms based on traditional risk factors underestimate the risk of developing CVD in patients with SLE. Thus, novel algorithms incorporating new biomarkers such as pro-inflammatory high-density lipoprotein and use of imaging techniques such as carotid ultrasound scanning may become increasingly valuable.
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29
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Song Y, Yang JM. Role of interleukin (IL)-17 and T-helper (Th)17 cells in cancer. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2017; 493:1-8. [PMID: 28859982 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2017.08.109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2017] [Accepted: 08/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Interleukin-17 (IL-17), a pleiotropic proinflammatory cytokine, is reported to be significantly generated by a distinct subset of CD4+ T-cells, upgrading cancer-elicited inflammation and preventing cancer cells from immune surveillance. T-helper (Th)17 cells produced from naive CD4+ T cells have recently been renowned and generally accepted, gaining eminence in cancer studies and playing the effective role in context of cancer. Th17 cells are the main source of IL-17-secreting cells, It was found that other cell types produced this cytokine as well, including Group 3 innate lymphoid cells (ILC3), δγT cells, invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells, lymphoid-tissue inducer (LTi)-like cells and Natural killer (NK) cells. Th17-associated cytokines give impetus to tumor progression, or inducing angiogenesis and metastasis. This review demonstrates an understanding on how the pro- or antitumor function of Th17 cells and IL-17 may change cancer progression, leading to the appearance of complex and pivotal biologic activities in tumor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Song
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, The Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230601, PR China.
| | - Jian Ming Yang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, The Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230601, PR China
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30
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Systemic lupus erythematosus: iNKT cells guard the heart against disease. Nat Rev Rheumatol 2016; 13:66. [PMID: 28003641 DOI: 10.1038/nrrheum.2016.216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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