1
|
Garcia-Marcos M. Heterotrimeric G protein signaling without GPCRs: The Gα-binding-and-activating (GBA) motif. J Biol Chem 2024; 300:105756. [PMID: 38364891 PMCID: PMC10943482 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2024.105756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Heterotrimeric G proteins (Gαβγ) are molecular switches that relay signals from 7-transmembrane receptors located at the cell surface to the cytoplasm. The function of these receptors is so intimately linked to heterotrimeric G proteins that they are named G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), showcasing the interdependent nature of this archetypical receptor-transducer axis of transmembrane signaling in eukaryotes. It is generally assumed that activation of heterotrimeric G protein signaling occurs exclusively by the action of GPCRs, but this idea has been challenged by the discovery of alternative mechanisms by which G proteins can propagate signals in the cell. This review will focus on a general principle of G protein signaling that operates without the direct involvement of GPCRs. The mechanism of G protein signaling reviewed here is mediated by a class of G protein regulators defined by containing an evolutionarily conserved sequence named the Gα-binding-and-activating (GBA) motif. Using the best characterized proteins with a GBA motif as examples, Gα-interacting vesicle-associated protein (GIV)/Girdin and dishevelled-associating protein with a high frequency of leucine residues (DAPLE), this review will cover (i) the mechanisms by which extracellular cues not relayed by GPCRs promote the coupling of GBA motif-containing regulators with G proteins, (ii) the structural and molecular basis for how GBA motifs interact with Gα subunits to facilitate signaling, (iii) the relevance of this mechanism in different cellular and pathological processes, including cancer and birth defects, and (iv) strategies to manipulate GBA-G protein coupling for experimental therapeutics purposes, including the development of rationally engineered proteins and chemical probes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mikel Garcia-Marcos
- Department of Biochemistry & Cell Biology, Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Department of Biology, College of Arts & Sciences, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Maharati A, Moghbeli M. PI3K/AKT signaling pathway as a critical regulator of epithelial-mesenchymal transition in colorectal tumor cells. Cell Commun Signal 2023; 21:201. [PMID: 37580737 PMCID: PMC10424373 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-023-01225-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most frequent gastrointestinal malignancies that are considered as a global health challenge. Despite many progresses in therapeutic methods, there is still a high rate of mortality rate among CRC patients that is associated with poor prognosis and distant metastasis. Therefore, investigating the molecular mechanisms involved in CRC metastasis can improve the prognosis. Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) process is considered as one of the main molecular mechanisms involved in CRC metastasis, which can be regulated by various signaling pathways. PI3K/AKT signaling pathway has a key role in CRC cell proliferation and migration. In the present review, we discussed the role of PI3K/AKT pathway CRC metastasis through the regulation of the EMT process. It has been shown that PI3K/AKT pathway can induce the EMT process by down regulation of epithelial markers, while up regulation of mesenchymal markers and EMT-specific transcription factors that promote CRC metastasis. This review can be an effective step toward introducing the PI3K/AKT/EMT axis to predict prognosis as well as a therapeutic target among CRC patients. Video Abstract.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amirhosein Maharati
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Meysam Moghbeli
- Department of Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Jia X, Xu F, Lu S, Jie H, Guan W, Zhou Y. An unusual signal transducer GIV/Girdin engages in the roles of adipocyte-derived hormone leptin in liver fibrosis. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2023; 1869:166797. [PMID: 37478565 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2023.166797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Revised: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/23/2023]
Abstract
Obese patients usually have hyperleptinemia and are prone to develop liver fibrosis. Leptin is intimately linked to liver fibrogenesis, a multi-receptor-driven disease. Gα-Interacting Vesicle-associated protein (GIV) functions as a multimodular signal transducer and a guanine nucleotide exchange factor for Gi controling key signalings downstream of diverse receptors. This study aimed to examine the roles of GIV in leptin-caused liver fibrosis and employed the culture-activated hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) and leptin-deficient mice, respectively. Results indicated that leptin upregulated GIV expression in HSCs. GIV was involved in leptin-induced HSC activation and liver fibrosis. GIV mediated leptin regulation of TIMP1, MMP9, PDGFβ receptor and TGFβ receptor and was required for leptin stimulating the pathways of Erk1/2, Akt1, and Smad3. GIV was also a mediator for leptin-regulation of Cyclin D1 and Caspase-3 activity but GIV reduced Caspase-3 level independently of leptin in vivo. Erk1/2 signaling, Egr1 and c-Jun were associated with the effect of leptin on GIV expression in HSCs. Leptin-induced Erk1/2 signaling increased Egr1 and p-c-Jun levels and promoted their binding to GIV promoter at the sites between -190 bp and -180 bp and between -382 bp and - 376 bp, respectively. Egr1 knockdown lessened leptin-upregulation of GIV in vitro and in vivo. In human cirrhotic livers, the increase in GIV protein level parallelled with the elevated p-Erk1/2 and Egr1 levels in HSCs. In summary, the unusual signal transducer GIV was identified as an important mediator in leptin-induced liver fibrosis. GIV may have significant implications in liver fibrosis progression of obese patients with hyperleptinaemia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xin Jia
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Medical School, Nantong University, Qi xiou Road 19, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Feifan Xu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Affiliated Nantong Hospital of Shanghai University (The Sixth People's Hospital of Nantong), 500 Yonghe Road, Nantong 226011, Jiangsu, China
| | - Sidan Lu
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Medical School, Nantong University, Qi xiou Road 19, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Huang Jie
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Qi xiou Road 19, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wei Guan
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Qi xiou Road 19, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Yajun Zhou
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Medical School, Nantong University, Qi xiou Road 19, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu, China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Chantaravisoot N, Wongkongkathep P, Kalpongnukul N, Pacharakullanon N, Kaewsapsak P, Ariyachet C, Loo JA, Tamanoi F, Pisitkun T. mTORC2 interactome and localization determine aggressiveness of high-grade glioma cells through association with gelsolin. Sci Rep 2023; 13:7037. [PMID: 37120454 PMCID: PMC10148843 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-33872-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/01/2023] Open
Abstract
mTOR complex 2 (mTORC2) has been implicated as a key regulator of glioblastoma cell migration. However, the roles of mTORC2 in the migrational control process have not been entirely elucidated. Here, we elaborate that active mTORC2 is crucial for GBM cell motility. Inhibition of mTORC2 impaired cell movement and negatively affected microfilament and microtubule functions. We also aimed to characterize important players involved in the regulation of cell migration and other mTORC2-mediated cellular processes in GBM cells. Therefore, we quantitatively characterized the alteration of the mTORC2 interactome under selective conditions using affinity purification-mass spectrometry in glioblastoma. We demonstrated that changes in cell migration ability specifically altered mTORC2-associated proteins. GSN was identified as one of the most dynamic proteins. The mTORC2-GSN linkage was mostly highlighted in high-grade glioma cells, connecting functional mTORC2 to multiple proteins responsible for directional cell movement in GBM. Loss of GSN disconnected mTORC2 from numerous cytoskeletal proteins and affected the membrane localization of mTORC2. In addition, we reported 86 stable mTORC2-interacting proteins involved in diverse molecular functions, predominantly cytoskeletal remodeling, in GBM. Our findings might help expand future opportunities for predicting the highly migratory phenotype of brain cancers in clinical investigations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Naphat Chantaravisoot
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, 1873 Rama IV Pathumwan, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand.
- Center of Excellence in Systems Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand.
| | - Piriya Wongkongkathep
- Center of Excellence in Systems Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
- Research Affairs, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Nuttiya Kalpongnukul
- Center of Excellence in Systems Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Narawit Pacharakullanon
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, 1873 Rama IV Pathumwan, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Pornchai Kaewsapsak
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, 1873 Rama IV Pathumwan, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
- Research Unit of Systems Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Chaiyaboot Ariyachet
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, 1873 Rama IV Pathumwan, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Hepatitis and Liver Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Joseph A Loo
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- UCLA/DOE Institute of Genomics and Proteomics, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Fuyuhiko Tamanoi
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences, Institute for Advanced Study, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
| | - Trairak Pisitkun
- Center of Excellence in Systems Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand.
- Research Affairs, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Wang H, Yuan YC, Chang C, Izumi T, Wang HH, Yang JK. The signaling protein GIV/Girdin mediates the Nephrin-dependent insulin secretion of pancreatic islet β cells in response to high glucose. J Biol Chem 2023; 299:103045. [PMID: 36822326 PMCID: PMC10040812 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.103045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Revised: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Glucose-stimulated insulin secretion of pancreatic β cells is essential in maintaining glucose homeostasis. Recent evidence suggests that the Nephrin-mediated intercellular junction between β cells is implicated in the regulation of insulin secretion. However, the underlying mechanisms are only partially characterized. Herein we report that GIV is a signaling mediator coordinating glucose-stimulated Nephrin phosphorylation and endocytosis with insulin secretion. We demonstrate that GIV is expressed in mouse islets and cultured β cells. The loss of function study suggests that GIV is essential for the second phase of glucose-stimulated insulin secretion. Next, we demonstrate that GIV mediates the high glucose-stimulated tyrosine phosphorylation of GIV and Nephrin by recruiting Src kinase, which leads to the endocytosis of Nephrin. Subsequently, the glucose-induced GIV/Nephrin/Src signaling events trigger downstream Akt phosphorylation, which activates Rac1-mediated cytoskeleton reorganization, allowing insulin secretory granules to access the plasma membrane for the second-phase secretion. Finally, we found that GIV is downregulated in the islets isolated from diabetic mice, and rescue of GIV ameliorates the β-cell dysfunction to restore the glucose-stimulated insulin secretion. We conclude that the GIV/Nephrin/Akt signaling axis is vital to regulate glucose-stimulated insulin secretion. This mechanism might be further targeted for therapeutic intervention of diabetic mellitus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hao Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Diabetes Research and Care, Beijing Diabetes Institute, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
| | - Ying-Chao Yuan
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Diabetes Research and Care, Beijing Diabetes Institute, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Cong Chang
- College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Hunan Food and Drug Vocational College, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Tetsuro Izumi
- Laboratory of Molecular Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute for Molecular and Cellular Regulation, Gunma University, Maebashi, Gunma, Japan
| | - Hong-Hui Wang
- College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
| | - Jin-Kui Yang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Diabetes Research and Care, Beijing Diabetes Institute, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Wang Z, Xie W, Guan H. The diagnostic, prognostic role and molecular mechanism of miR-328 in human cancer. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 157:114031. [PMID: 36413837 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.114031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2022] [Revised: 11/06/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNA are non-coding small RNAs that bind to their target mRNA and cause mRNA degradation or translation inhibition. MiRNA dysregulation is linked to a variety of human cancers and has a role in the genesis and development of cancer pathology. MiR-328 has been reported to be involved in various human cancers. And miR-328 is considered a key regulator in human cancer. It participates in biological processes such as proliferation, apoptosis, invasion, migration, and EMT. The present review will combine the basic and clinical studies to find that miR-328 promotes tumorigenesis and metastasis in human cancer. And we will describe the diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic value of miR-328 in various human cancers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhichao Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, 16 Jiangsu Road, Qingdao 266003, China.
| | - Wenjie Xie
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, 16 Jiangsu Road, Qingdao 266003, China.
| | - Hongzai Guan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, 16 Jiangsu Road, Qingdao 266003, China.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Zhu Y, Gan X, Qin R, Lin Z. Identification of Six Diagnostic Biomarkers for Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia Based on Machine Learning Algorithms. JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 2022; 2022:3652107. [PMID: 36467501 PMCID: PMC9715328 DOI: 10.1155/2022/3652107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2022] [Revised: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 09/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is the most common type of leukemia in adults. Thus, novel reliable biomarkers need to be further explored to increase diagnostic, therapeutic, and prognostic effectiveness. METHODS Six datasets containing CLL and control samples were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus database. Differential gene expression analysis, weighted gene coexpression network analysis (WGCNA), and the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression were applied to identify potential diagnostic biomarkers for CLL using R software. The diagnostic performance of the hub genes was then measured by the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. Functional analysis was implemented to uncover the underlying mechanisms. Additionally, correlation analysis was performed to assess the relationship between the hub genes and immunity characteristics. RESULTS A total number of 47 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and 25 candidate hub genes were extracted through differential gene expression analysis and WGCNA, respectively. Based on the 14 overlapped genes between the DEGs and the candidate hub genes, LASSO regression analysis was used, which identified a final number of six hub genes as potential biomarkers for CLL: ABCA6, CCDC88A, PMEPA1, EBF1, FILIP1L, and TEAD2. The ROC curves of the six genes showed reliable predictive ability in the training and validation cohorts, with all area under the curve (AUC) values over 0.80. Functional analysis revealed an abnormal immune status in the CLL patients. A significant correlation was found between the hub genes and the immune-related pathways, indicating a possible tight connection between the hub genes and tumor immunity in CLL. CONCLUSION This study was based on machine learning algorithms, and we identified six genes that could be possible CLL markers, which may be involved in CLL pathogenesis and progression through immune-related signal pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yidong Zhu
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Xinjin Gan
- Department of Hematology, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Ruoyan Qin
- Department of Oncology, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Zhikang Lin
- Department of Oncology, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200032, China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Zhang R, Guo X, Liang C, Pei J, Bao P, Yin M, Wu F, Chu M, Yan P. Identification and Validation of Yak ( Bos grunniens) Frozen-Thawed Sperm Proteins Associated with Capacitation and the Acrosome Reaction. J Proteome Res 2022; 21:2754-2770. [PMID: 36251486 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.2c00528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
To achieve fertilization, mammalian spermatozoa must undergo capacitation and the acrosome reaction (AR) within the female reproductive tract. However, the effects of cryopreservation on sperm maturation and fertilizing potential have yet to be established. To gain insight into changes in protein levels within sperm cells prepared for use in the context of fertilization, a comprehensive quantitative proteomic profiling approach was used to analyze frozen-thawed Ashidan yak spermatozoa under three sequential conditions: density gradient centrifugation-based purification, incubation in a capacitation medium, and treatment with the calcium ionophore A23187 to facilitate AR induction. In total, 3280 proteins were detected in these yak sperm samples, of which 3074 were quantified, with 68 and 32 being significantly altered following sperm capacitation and AR induction. Differentially abundant capacitation-related proteins were enriched in the metabolism and PPAR signaling pathways, while differentially abundant AR-related proteins were enriched in the AMPK signaling pathway. These data confirmed a role for superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1) as a regulator of sperm capacitation while also offering indirect evidence that heat shock protein 90 alpha (HSP90AA1) regulates the AR. Together, these findings offer a means whereby sperm fertility-related marker proteins can be effectively identified. Data are available via Proteome Xchange with identifier PXD035038.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Renzheng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding on Tibetan Plateau, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Yak Breeding Engineering of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730050, China.,College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Xian Guo
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding on Tibetan Plateau, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Yak Breeding Engineering of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730050, China
| | - Chunnian Liang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding on Tibetan Plateau, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Yak Breeding Engineering of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730050, China
| | - Jie Pei
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding on Tibetan Plateau, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Yak Breeding Engineering of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730050, China
| | - Pengjia Bao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding on Tibetan Plateau, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Yak Breeding Engineering of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730050, China
| | - Mancai Yin
- Yak Breeding and Extension Service Center in Qinghai Province, Xining 810000, China
| | - Fude Wu
- Yak Breeding and Extension Service Center in Qinghai Province, Xining 810000, China
| | - Min Chu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding on Tibetan Plateau, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Yak Breeding Engineering of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730050, China
| | - Ping Yan
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding on Tibetan Plateau, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Yak Breeding Engineering of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730050, China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Liu L, Zhang J, Han Y, Liu D. The mechanism of Girdin in degenerative brain disease caused by high glucose stimulation. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:892897. [PMID: 36329890 PMCID: PMC9623676 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.892897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Girdin, as an actin-binding protein, plays a major role in maintaining the stability of the actin skeleton structure and affects the growth, development, and migration of neurons. This study discusses the mechanism of Girdin in brain degeneration caused by high glucose stimulation. We examined the expression of Girdin in diabetic patients. The positive expression rate of Girdin in the diabetic group was 17.2% (5/29), which was obviously lower than the positive expression rate of 83.3% (20/24) in the non-diabetic group. We examined the expression of Girdin and its signaling pathway-related proteins Akt and STAT3 in hippocampal neurons induced by high glucose. The results showed that, in contrast to the control group (glucose concentration = 25 mmol/L), the expression of Girdin in the high-glucose group (glucose concentration = 225 mmol/L) was reduced (P < 0.05); the phosphorylation levels of Akt and STAT3 related to Girdin signaling pathway were also reduced (P < 0.05). Under high-glucose stimulation, the structure of neurons is abnormal, such as the reduction or disappearance of dendritic spines, and the number of neurons is reduced. In addition, Girdin and Akt were less expressed in neurons and synapses, especially the most obvious reduction in synaptic terminals. The activity of Girdin and its signaling pathway-related proteins Akt and STAT3 decreased in neurons under high glucose stimulation, indicating that the mechanism of Girdin in brain degeneration caused by high glucose stimulation was closely related to the Akt and STAT3 pathways. GRAPHIC ABSTRACT The mechanism of Girdin in degenerative brain disease caused by high glucose stimulation. This article discusses the mechanism of Girdin in brain degeneration induced by high glucose stimulation. The expression of Girdin in the diabetic group was significantly lower than that in the non-diabetic group. The expression of Girdin and its signaling pathway-related proteins Akt and STAT3 in hippocampal neurons was significantly reduced under high glucose stimulation. Under high glucose stimulation, the structure of neurons is abnormal and the number decreases; synapses become shorter. It indicates that the mechanism of brain degeneration caused by high glucose stimulation by Girdin is closely related to the Akt and STAT3 pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Longteng Liu
- Department of Pathology, Beijing Hospital; National Center of Gerontology; Institute of Geriatric Medicine; Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jinsong Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Beijing Hospital; National Center of Gerontology; Institute of Geriatric Medicine; Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yanxi Han
- National Center for Clinical Laboratories, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology; Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, P.R. China; Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Dongge Liu
- Department of Pathology, Beijing Hospital; National Center of Gerontology; Institute of Geriatric Medicine; Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Dongge Liu,
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Li Z, Sun C, Wang F, Wang X, Zhu J, Luo L, Ding X, Zhang Y, Ding P, Wang H, Pu M, Li Y, Wang S, Qin Q, Wei Y, Sun J, Wang X, Luo Y, Chen D, Qiu W. Molecular mechanisms governing circulating immune cell heterogeneity across different species revealed by single-cell sequencing. Clin Transl Med 2022; 12:e689. [PMID: 35092700 PMCID: PMC8800483 DOI: 10.1002/ctm2.689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2021] [Revised: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Immune cells play important roles in mediating immune response and host defense against invading pathogens. However, insights into the molecular mechanisms governing circulating immune cell diversity among multiple species are limited. METHODS In this study, we compared the single-cell transcriptomes of immune cells from 12 species. Distinct molecular profiles were characterized for different immune cell types, including T cells, B cells, natural killer cells, monocytes, and dendritic cells. RESULTS Our data revealed the heterogeneity and compositions of circulating immune cells among 12 different species. Additionally, we explored the conserved and divergent cellular crosstalks and genetic regulatory networks among vertebrate immune cells. Notably, the ligand and receptor pair VIM-CD44 was highly conserved among the immune cells. CONCLUSIONS This study is the first to provide a comprehensive analysis of the cross-species single-cell transcriptome atlas for peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). This research should advance our understanding of the cellular taxonomy and fundamental functions of PBMCs, with important implications in evolutionary biology, developmental biology, and immune system disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhibin Li
- Department of NeurologyThe Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat‐Sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Chengcheng Sun
- BGI‐ShenzhenShenzhenChina
- College of Life SciencesUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Fei Wang
- BGI‐ShenzhenShenzhenChina
- Department of BiomedicineAarhus UniversityAarhusDenmark
- Lars Bolund Institute of Regenerative MedicineQingdao‐Europe Advanced Institute for Life Sciences, BGI‐Qingdao, BGI‐ShenzhenQingdaoChina
| | - Xiran Wang
- National Risk Assessment Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance of Animal Original BacteriaSouth China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhouChina
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern AgricultureGuangzhouChina
| | - Jiacheng Zhu
- BGI‐ShenzhenShenzhenChina
- College of Life SciencesUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Lihua Luo
- BGI‐ShenzhenShenzhenChina
- College of Life SciencesUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Xiangning Ding
- BGI‐ShenzhenShenzhenChina
- College of Life SciencesUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Yanan Zhang
- Tsinghua‐Berkeley Shenzhen InstituteTsinghua UniversityShenzhenChina
| | - Peiwen Ding
- BGI‐ShenzhenShenzhenChina
- College of Life SciencesUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Haoyu Wang
- BGI‐ShenzhenShenzhenChina
- College of Life SciencesUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | | | | | - Shiyou Wang
- BGI‐ShenzhenShenzhenChina
- College of Life SciencesUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | | | | | - Jian Sun
- National Risk Assessment Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance of Animal Original BacteriaSouth China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhouChina
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern AgricultureGuangzhouChina
| | - Xiangdong Wang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care MedicineZhongshan HospitalShanghaiChina
- Fudan University Shanghai Medical CollegeShanghaiChina
| | - Yonglun Luo
- BGI‐ShenzhenShenzhenChina
- Department of BiomedicineAarhus UniversityAarhusDenmark
- Lars Bolund Institute of Regenerative MedicineQingdao‐Europe Advanced Institute for Life Sciences, BGI‐Qingdao, BGI‐ShenzhenQingdaoChina
- Steno Diabetes Center AarhusAarhus University HospitalAarhusDenmark
| | | | - Wei Qiu
- Department of NeurologyThe Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat‐Sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Reynoso S, Castillo V, Katkar GD, Lopez-Sanchez I, Taheri S, Espinoza C, Rohena C, Sahoo D, Gagneux P, Ghosh P. GIV/Girdin, a non-receptor modulator for Gαi/s, regulates spatiotemporal signaling during sperm capacitation and is required for male fertility. eLife 2021; 10:69160. [PMID: 34409938 PMCID: PMC8376251 DOI: 10.7554/elife.69160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
For a sperm to successfully fertilize an egg, it must first undergo capacitation in the female reproductive tract and later undergo acrosomal reaction (AR) upon encountering an egg surrounded by its vestment. How premature AR is avoided despite rapid surges in signaling cascades during capacitation remains unknown. Using a combination of conditional knockout (cKO) mice and cell-penetrating peptides, we show that GIV (CCDC88A), a guanine nucleotide-exchange modulator (GEM) for trimeric GTPases, is highly expressed in spermatocytes and is required for male fertility. GIV is rapidly phosphoregulated on key tyrosine and serine residues in human and murine spermatozoa. These phosphomodifications enable GIV-GEM to orchestrate two distinct compartmentalized signaling programs in the sperm tail and head; in the tail, GIV enhances PI3K→Akt signals, sperm motility and survival, whereas in the head it inhibits cAMP surge and premature AR. Furthermore, GIV transcripts are downregulated in the testis and semen of infertile men. These findings exemplify the spatiotemporally segregated signaling programs that support sperm capacitation and shed light on a hitherto unforeseen cause of infertility in men.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sequoyah Reynoso
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, San Diego, United States
| | - Vanessa Castillo
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, San Diego, United States
| | - Gajanan Dattatray Katkar
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, San Diego, United States
| | - Inmaculada Lopez-Sanchez
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, San Diego, United States
| | - Sahar Taheri
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Jacob's School of Engineering, University of California San Diego, San Diego, United States
| | - Celia Espinoza
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, San Diego, United States
| | - Cristina Rohena
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, San Diego, United States
| | - Debashis Sahoo
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Jacob's School of Engineering, University of California San Diego, San Diego, United States.,Moore's Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, San Diego, United States.,Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, San Diego, United States
| | - Pascal Gagneux
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, San Diego, United States
| | - Pradipta Ghosh
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, San Diego, United States.,Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, San Diego, United States.,Moore's Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, San Diego, United States.,Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Washington DC, United States
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Dang J, Gao J, Ma F, Luo Y, Wang J, Wang D, Li W, Sun H, Li L, Liu X, Hu D, Jin Z. Roles of metformin-mediated girdin expression in metastasis of epithelial ovarian cancer. Cell Biol Int 2021; 45:1030-1037. [PMID: 33404163 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.11547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Revised: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Antimetastatic effect of Metformin has been documented in epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC). Presently, we investigated the regulatory mechanism of Metformin in EOC metastasis. First, Girdin was significantly enhanced in EOC tumorous tissues and cell lines. Seconded, knockdown of Girdin significantly suppressed EOC cell viability, migration, and invasion, while upregulation of Girdin produced the opposite effects in vitro and facilitated lung metastasis in EOC cell xenograft in vivo. In addition, we confirmed that the inhibitory effect of Metformin on Girdin expression. Mechanistically, the oncogenic effects of Girdin could be reversed by LY294002 (an AKT pathway inhibitor) and Metformin. These results suggested that Metformin attenuated EOC metastasis through Girdin and targeting Girdin may be a promising therapeutic strategy for EOC in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jianhong Dang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Changzheng Hospital, The Naval Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jinghai Gao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Changzheng Hospital, The Naval Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Fang Ma
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Changzheng Hospital, The Naval Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Luo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Changzheng Hospital, The Naval Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Changzheng Hospital, The Naval Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Dan Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Changzheng Hospital, The Naval Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Weiqing Li
- Department of Pathology, Changzheng Hospital, The Naval Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hao Sun
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Changzheng Hospital, The Naval Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lingling Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Changzheng Hospital, The Naval Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaojun Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Changzheng Hospital, The Naval Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Dian Hu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Changzheng Hospital, The Naval Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhijun Jin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Changzheng Hospital, The Naval Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
The relationship among Girdin DNA methylation, its high expression, and immune infiltration in hepatocellular carcinoma: Clues from in silico analysis. Biosci Rep 2021; 41:228012. [PMID: 33660763 PMCID: PMC7960887 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20204006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Revised: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: The aim of the present study was to explore the relationship among Girdin DNA methylation, its high expression, and immune infiltration in human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Materials and methods: The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO), and International Cancer Genome Consortium (ICGC) databases were used to compare Girdin mRNA expression between HCC tissues and normal tissues, and determine the relationship between Girdin expression and HCC prognosis. TCGA database was also used to analyze the expression of Girdin and its methylation status, as well as the relationship between Girdin DNA methylation and HCC prognosis. The Tumor IMmune Estimation Resource (TIMER) database was used to explore the correlation between Girdin expression and HCC immune infiltration. Results: Girdin expression was elevated in HCC tissues compared with that in normal tissues. The degree of methylation at cg03188526, a CpG site in the Girdin gene body, was positively correlated with Girdin mRNA expression, while high Girdin expression and cg03188526 hypermethylation were both correlated with poor HCC prognosis. Additionally, HCC tissue with high Girdin expression exhibited abundant immune infiltration, and the high Girdin expression was associated with a worse prognosis in macrophage-enriched HCC specimens. Conclusion: Our findings indicated that Girdin likely functions as an oncogene in HCC and that hypermethylation at cg03188526 in the Girdin gene body may explain the high Girdin expression levels in HCC tissue. Furthermore, we report for the first time that the adverse effects of high Girdin expression in HCC patients may be partially mediated by tumor macrophage infiltration.
Collapse
|
14
|
Receptor tyrosine kinases activate heterotrimeric G proteins via phosphorylation within the interdomain cleft of Gαi. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:28763-28774. [PMID: 33139573 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2004699117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The molecular mechanisms by which receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) and heterotrimeric G proteins, two major signaling hubs in eukaryotes, independently relay signals across the plasma membrane have been extensively characterized. How these hubs cross-talk has been a long-standing question, but answers remain elusive. Using linear ion-trap mass spectrometry in combination with biochemical, cellular, and computational approaches, we unravel a mechanism of activation of heterotrimeric G proteins by RTKs and chart the key steps that mediate such activation. Upon growth factor stimulation, the guanine-nucleotide exchange modulator dissociates Gαi•βγ trimers, scaffolds monomeric Gαi with RTKs, and facilitates the phosphorylation on two tyrosines located within the interdomain cleft of Gαi. Phosphorylation triggers the activation of Gαi and inhibits second messengers (cAMP). Tumor-associated mutants reveal how constitutive activation of this pathway impacts cell's decision to "go" vs. "grow." These insights define a tyrosine-based G protein signaling paradigm and reveal its importance in eukaryotes.
Collapse
|
15
|
Rohena C, Rajapakse N, Lo IC, Novick P, Sahoo D, Ghosh P. GIV/Girdin and Exo70 Collaboratively Regulate the Mammalian Polarized Exocytic Machinery. iScience 2020; 23:101246. [PMID: 32590327 PMCID: PMC7322189 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2020.101246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2019] [Revised: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Polarized exocytosis is a fundamental process by which membranes and cargo proteins are delivered to the cell surface with precise spatial control. Although the need for the octameric exocyst complex is conserved from yeast to humans, what imparts spatial control is known only in yeast, i.e., a polarity scaffold called Bem1p. We demonstrate here that the mammalian scaffold protein, GIV/Girdin, fulfills the key criteria and functions of its yeast counterpart Bem1p; both bind Exo70 proteins via similar short-linear interaction motifs, and each prefers its evolutionary counterpart. Selective disruption of the GIV⋅Exo-70 interaction derails the delivery of the metalloprotease MT1-MMP to invadosomes and impairs collagen degradation and haptotaxis through basement membrane matrix. GIV's interacting partners reveal other components of polarized exocytosis in mammals. Findings expose how the exocytic functions aid GIV's pro-metastatic functions and how signal integration via GIV may represent an evolutionary advancement of the exocytic process in mammals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Rohena
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive (MC 0651), George E. Palade Bldg, Rm 232, 239, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Navin Rajapakse
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
| | - I-Chung Lo
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
| | - Peter Novick
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
| | - Debashis Sahoo
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA 92093, USA; Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Jacob's School of Engineering, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA 92093, USA; Rebecca and John Moore Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
| | - Pradipta Ghosh
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive (MC 0651), George E. Palade Bldg, Rm 232, 239, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA 92093, USA; Rebecca and John Moore Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA 92093, USA; Veterans Affairs Medical Center, 3350 La Jolla Village Dr, San Diego, CA 92161, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Maskalenko N, Nath S, Ramakrishnan A, Anikeeva N, Sykulev Y, Poenie M. The DISC1-Girdin complex - a missing link in signaling to the T cell cytoskeleton. J Cell Sci 2020; 133:jcs242875. [PMID: 32482796 PMCID: PMC7358132 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.242875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2019] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, using Jurkat cells, we show that DISC1 (disrupted in schizophrenia 1) and Girdin (girders of actin filament) are essential for typical actin accumulation at the immunological synapse. Furthermore, DISC1, Girdin and dynein are bound in a complex. Although this complex initially forms as a central patch at the synapse, it relocates to a peripheral ring corresponding to the peripheral supramolecular activation cluster (pSMAC). In the absence of DISC1, the classic actin ring does not form, cell spreading is blocked, and the dynein complex fails to relocate to the pSMAC. A similar effect is seen when Girdin is deleted. When cells are treated with inhibitors of actin polymerization, the dynein-NDE1 complex is lost from the synapse and the microtubule-organizing center fails to translocate, suggesting that actin and dynein might be linked. Upon stimulation of T cell receptors, DISC1 becomes associated with talin, which likely explains why the dynein complex colocalizes with the pSMAC. These results show that the DISC1-Girdin complex regulates actin accumulation, cell spreading and distribution of the dynein complex at the synapse.This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas Maskalenko
- Molecular Biosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | | | - Adarsh Ramakrishnan
- Molecular Biosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Nadia Anikeeva
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Yuri Sykulev
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Martin Poenie
- Molecular Biosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Molecular mechanism of gossypol mediating CCL2 and IL‑8 attenuation in triple‑negative breast cancer cells. Mol Med Rep 2020; 22:1213-1226. [PMID: 32627003 PMCID: PMC7339712 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2020.11240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2019] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic inflammation associated with cancer is characterized by the production of different types of chemokines and cytokines. In cancer, numerous signaling pathways upregulate the expression levels of several cytokines and evolve cells to the neoplastic state. Therefore, targeting these signaling pathways through the inhibition of distinctive gene expression is a primary target for cancer therapy. The present study investigated the anticancer effects of the natural polyphenol gossypol (GOSS) in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) cells, the most aggressive breast cancer type with poor prognosis. GOSS effects were examined in two TNBC cell lines: MDA-MB-231 (MM-231) and MDA-MB-468 (MM-468), representing Caucasian Americans (CA) and African Americans (AA), respectively. The obtained IC50s revealed no significant difference between the two cell lines' response to the compound. However, the use of microarray assays for cytokine determination indicated the ability of GOSS to attenuate the expression levels of cancer-related cytokines in the two cell lines. Although GOSS did not alter CCL2 expression in MM-468 cells, it was able to cause 30% inhibition in TNF-α-stimulated MM-231 cells. Additionally, IL-8 was not altered by GOSS treatment in MM-231 cells, while its expression was inhibited by 60% in TNF-α-activated MM-468 cells. ELISA assays supported the microarray data and indicated that CCL2 expression was inhibited by 40% in MM-231 cells, and IL-8 expression was inhibited by 50% in MM-468 cells. Furthermore, in MM-231 cells, GOSS inhibited CCL2 release via the repression of IKBKE, CCL2 and MAPK1 gene expression. Additionally, in MM-468 cells, the compound downregulated the release of IL-8 through repressing IL-8, MAPK1, MAPK3, CCDC88A, STAT3 and PIK3CD gene expression. In conclusion, the data obtained in the present study indicate that the polyphenol compound GOSS may provide a valuable tool in TNBC therapy.
Collapse
|
18
|
Rohena C, Kalogriopoulos N, Rajapakse N, Roy S, Lopez-Sanchez I, Ablack J, Sahoo D, Ghosh P. GIV•Kindlin Interaction Is Required for Kindlin-Mediated Integrin Recognition and Activation. iScience 2020; 23:101209. [PMID: 32535026 PMCID: PMC7300163 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2020.101209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2020] [Revised: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cells perceive and respond to the extracellular matrix via integrin receptors; their dysregulation has been implicated in inflammation and cancer metastasis. Here we show that a guanine nucleotide-exchange modulator of trimeric-GTPase Gαi, GIV (a.k.a Girdin), directly binds the integrin adaptor Kindlin-2. A non-canonical short linear motif within the C terminus of GIV binds Kindlin-2-FERM3 domain at a site that is distinct from the binding site for the canonical NPxY motif on the -integrin tail. Binding of GIV to Kindlin-2 allosterically enhances Kindlin-2's affinity for β1-integrin. Consequently, integrin activation and clustering are maximized, which augments cell adhesion, spreading, and invasion. Findings elucidate how the GIV•Kindlin-2 complex has a 2-fold impact: it allosterically synergizes integrin activation and enables β1-integrins to indirectly access and modulate trimeric GTPases via the complex. Furthermore, Cox proportional-hazard models on tumor transcriptomics provide trans-scale evidence of synergistic interactions between GIV•Kindlin-2•β1-integrin on time to progression to metastasis. GIV and Kindlin (K2), two integrin adaptors that promote metastasis, bind each other Binding of GIV or integrin to K2 allosterically enhances GIV•K2•integrin complexes Binding is required for the maximal recruitment of GIV and K2 to active integrins Binding facilitates integrin clustering, activation, tumor cell adhesion, invasion
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Rohena
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive (MC 0651), George E. Palade Bldg, Rm 239, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Nicholas Kalogriopoulos
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive (MC 0651), George E. Palade Bldg, Rm 239, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California San Diego, CA 92093, USA
| | - Navin Rajapakse
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California San Diego, CA 92093, USA
| | - Suchismita Roy
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California San Diego, CA 92093, USA
| | - Inmaculada Lopez-Sanchez
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive (MC 0651), George E. Palade Bldg, Rm 239, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Jailal Ablack
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive (MC 0651), George E. Palade Bldg, Rm 239, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Debashis Sahoo
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, CA 92093, USA; Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Jacob's School of Engineering, University of California San Diego, CA 92093, USA; Rebecca and John Moore Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, CA 92093, USA
| | - Pradipta Ghosh
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive (MC 0651), George E. Palade Bldg, Rm 239, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California San Diego, CA 92093, USA; Rebecca and John Moore Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, CA 92093, USA; Veterans Affairs Medical Center, 3350 La Jolla Village Drive, San Diego, CA 92161, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Getz M, Rangamani P, Ghosh P. Regulating cellular cyclic adenosine monophosphate: "Sources," "sinks," and now, "tunable valves". WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-SYSTEMS BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2020; 12:e1490. [PMID: 32323924 DOI: 10.1002/wsbm.1490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2019] [Revised: 01/31/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
A number of hormones and growth factors stimulate target cells via the second messenger pathways, which in turn regulate cellular phenotypes. Cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) is a ubiquitous second messenger that facilitates numerous signal transduction pathways; its production in cells is tightly balanced by ligand-stimulated receptors that activate adenylate cyclases (ACs), that is, "source" and by phosphodiesterases (PDEs) that hydrolyze it, that is, "sinks." Because it regulates various cellular functions, including cell growth and differentiation, gene transcription and protein expression, the cAMP signaling pathway has been exploited for the treatment of numerous human diseases. Reduction in cAMP is achieved by blocking "sources"; however, elevation in cAMP is achieved by either stimulating "source" or blocking "sinks." Here we discuss an alternative paradigm for the regulation of cellular cAMP via GIV/Girdin, the prototypical member of a family of modulators of trimeric GTPases, Guanine nucleotide Exchange Modulators (GEMs). Cells upregulate or downregulate cellular levels of GIV-GEM, which modulates cellular cAMP via spatiotemporal mechanisms distinct from the two most often targeted classes of cAMP modulators, "sources" and "sinks." A network-based compartmental model for the paradigm of GEM-facilitated cAMP signaling has recently revealed that GEMs such as GIV serve much like a "tunable valve" that cells may employ to finetune cellular levels of cAMP. Because dysregulated signaling via GIV and other GEMs has been implicated in multiple disease states, GEMs constitute a hitherto untapped class of targets that could be exploited for modulating aberrant cAMP signaling in disease states. This article is categorized under: Models of Systems Properties and Processes > Mechanistic Models Biological Mechanisms > Cell Signaling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Getz
- Chemical Engineering Graduate Program, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Padmini Rangamani
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Pradipta Ghosh
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
- Moores Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Pan S, Ren F, Li L, Liu D, Li Y, Wang A, Li W, Dong Y, Guo W. MiR-328-3p inhibits cell proliferation and metastasis in colorectal cancer by targeting Girdin and inhibiting the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. Exp Cell Res 2020; 390:111939. [PMID: 32142853 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2020.111939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Revised: 02/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
MiR-328-3p has been reported to be downregulated and serve as a tumor suppressor in several cancers. Previous studies only have reported the downregulation of miR-328-3p in CRC. However, the roles of miR-328-3p in CRC growth and metastasis were unknown. In this study, we demonstrated that miR-328-3p overexpression inhibited cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). The PI3K/Akt signaling pathway was also inactivated by miR-328-3p overexpression. MiR-328-3p knockdown showed the opposite effects. In addition, we confirmed that miR-328-3p directly bound to 3'UTR of Girdin and negatively regulated its expression. Girdin knockdown or treatment with PI3K inhibitor LY294002 blocked the effects of miR-328-3p inhibitor on cell proliferation, metastasis, and the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. Moreover, pre-miR-328 decreased numbers of liver metastatic nodules, and reduced the levels of p-Akt, p-Girdin, and Girdin in metastatic tissues in liver. In conclusion, miR-328-3p may inhibit proliferation and metastasis of CRC cells by targeting Girdin and inactivating the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. MiR-328-3p may be a novel target in cancer therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Pan
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning, 121001, People's Republic of China
| | - Fu Ren
- Biological Anthropology Institute, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning, 121001, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Chinese Physical Characteristics Research of Liaoning Province, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning, 121001, People's Republic of China.
| | - Lei Li
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, 116027, People's Republic of China.
| | - Dahua Liu
- Biological Anthropology Institute, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning, 121001, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Chinese Physical Characteristics Research of Liaoning Province, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning, 121001, People's Republic of China
| | - Yao Li
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning, 121001, People's Republic of China
| | - Aimei Wang
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning, 121001, People's Republic of China
| | - Weihong Li
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning, 121001, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongyan Dong
- The First Clinical College, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning, 121001, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenjuan Guo
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Tianjin Polytechnic University, Tianjin, 300387, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Ear J, Dunkel Y, Mittal Y, Lim BBC, Liu L, Holda MK, Nitsche U, Barbazán J, Goel A, Janssen KP, Aznar N, Ghosh P. Two Isoforms of the Guanine Nucleotide Exchange Factor, Daple/CCDC88C Cooperate as Tumor Suppressors. Sci Rep 2019; 9:12124. [PMID: 31431650 PMCID: PMC6702192 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-48420-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2018] [Accepted: 08/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Previously, Aznar et al., showed that Daple/CCDC88C enables Wnt receptors to transactivate trimeric G-proteins during non-canonical Wnt signaling via a novel G-protein binding and activating (GBA) motif. By doing so, Daple serves two opposing roles; earlier during oncogenesis it suppresses neoplastic transformation and tumor growth, but later it triggers epithelial-to-mesenchymal-transition (EMT). We have identified and characterized two isoforms of the human Daple gene. While both isoforms cooperatively suppress tumor growth via their GBA motif, only the full-length transcript triggers EMT and invasion. Both isoforms are suppressed during colon cancer progression, and their reduced expression carries additive prognostic significance. These findings provide insights into the opposing roles of Daple during cancer progression and define the G-protein regulatory GBA motif as one of the minimal modules essential for Daple’s role as a tumor suppressor.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jason Ear
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA.,Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Ying Dunkel
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Yash Mittal
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Blaze B C Lim
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Lawrence Liu
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Magda K Holda
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Ulrich Nitsche
- Department of Surgery, Klinikumrechts der Isar, TechnischeUniversitätMünchen, Munich, Germany
| | - Jorge Barbazán
- Translational Medical Oncology Laboratory, Health Research Institute of Santiago (IDIS), SERGAS., Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Ajay Goel
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine and Charles A. Sammons Cancer Center and Baylor Research Institute, Baylor University Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Klaus-Peter Janssen
- Department of Surgery, Klinikumrechts der Isar, TechnischeUniversitätMünchen, Munich, Germany
| | - Nicolas Aznar
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA. .,Cancer Research Center of Lyon, Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France.
| | - Pradipta Ghosh
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA. .,Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA. .,Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Wang L, Wu Q, Li Z, Sun S, Yuan J, Li J, Zhang Y, Yu D, Wang C, Sun S. Delta/notch-like epidermal growth factor-related receptor promotes stemness to facilitate breast cancer progression. Cell Signal 2019; 63:109389. [PMID: 31408676 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2019.109389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2019] [Revised: 08/08/2019] [Accepted: 08/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
DNER, Delta/Notch-like epidermal growth factor (EGF)-related receptor, is a neuron-specific transmembrane protein carrying extracellular EGF-like repeats. The function of DNER in breast cancer has not been evaluated. The present study demonstrates that the expression of DNER in breast cancer tissue is significantly higher than its expression in breast benign disease and is associated with poor recurrence-free survival (RFS) of breast cancer patients. It demonstrated that DNER could enhance the proliferation and metastasis of breast cancer cells in vitro and significantly increases tumor growth in vivo. Our study uncovered that DNER can promote breast cancer cells proliferation and metastasis by activating Girdin/PI3K/AKT signaling and subsequently regulating several key genes involving the characters of cancer stem cells. Taken together, DNER promotes breast cancer growth and metastasis, which provided a theoretical basis for future applications of DNER inhibitors in the treatment of breast cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lijun Wang
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Qi Wu
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China; Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Gustave Roussy Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Villejuif, France; Faculty of Medicine, University of Paris Sud, Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Zhiyu Li
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Si Sun
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Jingping Yuan
- Department of Pathology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Juanjuan Li
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Yimin Zhang
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Dehua Yu
- Department of Pathology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China; Department of Pathophysiology, Wuhan University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Changhua Wang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Wuhan University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China.
| | - Shengrong Sun
- Department of Pathophysiology, Wuhan University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Single-Cell Imaging of Metastatic Potential of Cancer Cells. iScience 2018; 10:53-65. [PMID: 30500482 PMCID: PMC6263091 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2018.11.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2018] [Revised: 09/23/2018] [Accepted: 11/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Molecular imaging of metastatic “potential” is an unvanquished challenge. To engineer biosensors that can detect and measure the metastatic “potential” of single living cancer cells, we carried out a comprehensive analysis of the pan-cancer phosphoproteome to search for actin remodelers required for cell migration, which are enriched in cancers but excluded in normal cells. Only one phosphoprotein emerged, tyr-phosphorylated CCDC88A (GIV/Girdin), a bona fide metastasis-related protein across a variety of solid tumors. We designed multi-modular biosensors that are partly derived from GIV, and because GIV integrates prometastatic signaling by multiple oncogenic receptors, we named them “‘integrators of metastatic potential (IMP).” IMPs captured the heterogeneity of metastatic potential within primary lung and breast tumors at steady state, detected those few cells that have acquired the highest metastatic potential, and tracked their enrichment during metastasis. These findings provide proof of concept that IMPs can measure the diversity and plasticity of metastatic potential of tumor cells in a sensitive and unbiased way. Phosphoproteomes of cancers predicted a putative metastasis-specific phosphoevent FRET-based biosensor designed to assess this phosphoevent in living cells Biosensor tracks the diversity and plasticity of metastatic potential of cancer cells These sensors could direct drug efficacy testing against the most sinister cancer cells
Collapse
|
24
|
Wang X, Enomoto A, Weng L, Mizutani Y, Abudureyimu S, Esaki N, Tsuyuki Y, Chen C, Mii S, Asai N, Haga H, Ishida S, Yokota K, Akiyama M, Takahashi M. Girdin/GIV regulates collective cancer cell migration by controlling cell adhesion and cytoskeletal organization. Cancer Sci 2018; 109:3643-3656. [PMID: 30194792 PMCID: PMC6215880 DOI: 10.1111/cas.13795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2018] [Revised: 09/03/2018] [Accepted: 09/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Pathological observations show that cancer cells frequently invade the surrounding stroma in collective groups rather than through single cell migration. Here, we studied the role of the actin-binding protein Girdin, a specific regulator of collective migration of neuroblasts in the brain, in collective cancer cell migration. We found that Girdin was essential for the collective migration of the skin cancer cell line A431 on collagen gels as well as their fibroblast-led collective invasion in an organotypic culture model. We provide evidence that Girdin binds to β-catenin that plays important roles in the Wnt signaling pathway and in E-cadherin-mediated cell-cell adhesion. Girdin-depleted cells displayed scattering and impaired E-cadherin-specific cell-cell adhesion. Importantly, Girdin depletion led to impaired cytoskeletal association of the β-catenin complex, which was accompanied by changes in the supracellular actin cytoskeletal organization of cancer cell cohorts on collagen gels. Although the underlying mechanism is unclear, this observation is consistent with the established role of the actin cytoskeletal system and cell-cell adhesion in the collective behavior of cells. Finally, we showed the correlation of the expression of Girdin with that of the components of the E-cadherin complex and the differentiation of human skin cancer. Collectively, our results suggest that Girdin is an important modulator of the collective behavior of cancer cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoze Wang
- Department of PathologyNagoya University Graduate School of MedicineNagoyaJapan
| | - Atsushi Enomoto
- Department of PathologyNagoya University Graduate School of MedicineNagoyaJapan
| | - Liang Weng
- Department of PathologyNagoya University Graduate School of MedicineNagoyaJapan
| | - Yasuyuki Mizutani
- Department of PathologyNagoya University Graduate School of MedicineNagoyaJapan
| | - Shaniya Abudureyimu
- Department of PathologyNagoya University Graduate School of MedicineNagoyaJapan
| | - Nobutoshi Esaki
- Department of PathologyNagoya University Graduate School of MedicineNagoyaJapan
| | - Yuta Tsuyuki
- Department of PathologyNagoya University Graduate School of MedicineNagoyaJapan
| | - Chen Chen
- Department of PathologyNagoya University Graduate School of MedicineNagoyaJapan
| | - Shinji Mii
- Department of PathologyNagoya University Graduate School of MedicineNagoyaJapan
| | - Naoya Asai
- Department of PathologyNagoya University Graduate School of MedicineNagoyaJapan
| | - Hisashi Haga
- Transdisciplinary Life Science CourseFaculty of Advanced Life ScienceHokkaido UniversitySapporoJapan
| | - Sumire Ishida
- Transdisciplinary Life Science CourseFaculty of Advanced Life ScienceHokkaido UniversitySapporoJapan
| | - Kenji Yokota
- Department of DermatologyNagoya University Graduate School of MedicineNagoyaJapan
| | - Masashi Akiyama
- Department of DermatologyNagoya University Graduate School of MedicineNagoyaJapan
| | - Masahide Takahashi
- Department of PathologyNagoya University Graduate School of MedicineNagoyaJapan
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Wang S, Lei Y, Cai Z, Ye X, Li L, Luo X, Yu C. Girdin regulates the proliferation and apoptosis of pancreatic cancer cells via the PI3K/Akt signalling pathway. Oncol Rep 2018; 40:599-608. [PMID: 29901184 PMCID: PMC6072288 DOI: 10.3892/or.2018.6469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2018] [Accepted: 05/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Girdin functions as an Akt phosphorylation enhancer (APE), which expedites the proliferation and survival of many types of tumours. However, the influence of Girdin on pancreatic cancer and the underlying molecular mechanisms have yet to be uncovered. Hence, in the present study, we sought to elucidate the function of Girdin in pancreatic cancer malignancy, particularly its role in pancreatic cancer cell proliferation, migration and apoptosis. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) was used to evaluate Girdin expression in pancreatic cancer tissues and to analyse its correlation with pathological grade. Girdin expression was further validated in pancreatic cancer cell lines (AsPC-1, BxPC-3 and PANC-1), and human pancreatic ductal epithelial (HPNE) cells were used as a control. Recombinant adenovirus vectors containing Girdin-siRNA were constructed to inhibit Girdin expression and were used in subsequent experiments to determine the effects of Girdin silencing on pancreatic cancer cells. Girdin silencing suppressed pancreatic cancer cell proliferation and induced pancreatic cancer cell apoptosis in vitro and in vivo. According to the results of further mechanistic investigations, Girdin may regulate cell processes through the phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase/protein kinase B (PI3K/Akt) signalling pathway to exert additive effects on pancreatic cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Wang
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Clinical Medical School of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
| | - Yiqun Lei
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Clinical Medical School of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
| | - Zeling Cai
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Clinical Medical School of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoman Ye
- Department of Gerontology, Jiangsu Province Hospital, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
| | - Lianhong Li
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Clinical Medical School of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
| | - Xiagang Luo
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Clinical Medical School of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
| | - Chunzhao Yu
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Clinical Medical School of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Mizutani Y, Kuga D, Iida M, Ushida K, Takagi T, Tokita Y, Takahashi M, Asai M. Use of Anti-phospho-girdin Antibodies to Visualize Intestinal Tuft Cells in Free-Floating Mouse Jejunum Cryosections. J Vis Exp 2018. [PMID: 29630055 PMCID: PMC5933235 DOI: 10.3791/57475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The actin binding protein girdin is a cytosolic protein that is required for actin remodeling to trigger cell migration in various tissues. Girdin is phosphorylated by both receptor and non-receptor tyrosine kinases at tyrosine 1798. Omori et al. developed site- and phosphorylation status-specific antibodies against human girdin at tyrosine-1798 (pY1798), which specifically bind to phosphorylated tyrosine-1798, but not to unphosphorylated tyrosine-1798. pY1798 antibodies have been used to specifically label tuft cells (TCs) that are present in mammalian gastrointestinal tissues, but the function of these cells is unclear. This protocol allows the robust visualization of TCs in the jejunum using pY1798 antibodies and immunofluorescence. To ensure successful and simple TC visualization, this protocol includes two histological techniques: production of free-floating cryosections from gelatin-filled jejunum tissue, and low-temperature antigen retrieval at 50 °C for 3 h. Filling the jejunum with gelatin maintains the shape of free-floating sections throughout the staining procedure, whereas low-temperature antigen retrieval ensures robust signals from TCs. Successful use of this protocol results in pY1798 staining of TCs distributed from villus tip to crypt. Stained TCs have a spool-shaped soma and fluorescent signals condense at the lumenal tip, which corresponds to the protruding 'tuft.' Phalloidin staining colocalized with pY1798-positive TCs at the thickened brush border, and corresponds to a rootlet mass extending from the TC tuft. This protocol could be used to examine TCs in human biopsy samples collected with gastrointestinal endoscopes. Furthermore, TCs were recently reported to accumulate following parasite infection in mice, suggesting that this protocol could have applications for diagnosis of parasite infections in the human gut.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuka Mizutani
- Division of Perinatology, Institute for Developmental Research, Aichi Human Service Center
| | | | - Machiko Iida
- Division of Perinatology, Institute for Developmental Research, Aichi Human Service Center
| | - Kaori Ushida
- Department of Pathology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Tsuyoshi Takagi
- Division of Perinatology, Institute for Developmental Research, Aichi Human Service Center
| | - Yoshihito Tokita
- Division of Perinatology, Institute for Developmental Research, Aichi Human Service Center
| | | | - Masato Asai
- Division of Perinatology, Institute for Developmental Research, Aichi Human Service Center; Department of Pathology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine;
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Aznar N, Ear J, Dunkel Y, Sun N, Satterfield K, He F, Kalogriopoulos NA, Lopez-Sanchez I, Ghassemian M, Sahoo D, Kufareva I, Ghosh P. Convergence of Wnt, growth factor, and heterotrimeric G protein signals on the guanine nucleotide exchange factor Daple. Sci Signal 2018; 11:11/519/eaao4220. [PMID: 29487190 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.aao4220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Cellular proliferation, differentiation, and morphogenesis are shaped by multiple signaling cascades, and their dysregulation plays an integral role in cancer progression. Three cascades that contribute to oncogenic potential are those mediated by Wnt proteins and the receptor Frizzled (FZD), growth factor receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs), and heterotrimeric G proteins and associated GPCRs. Daple is a guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) for the G protein Gαi Daple also binds to FZD and the Wnt/FZD mediator Dishevelled (Dvl), and it enhances β-catenin-independent Wnt signaling in response to Wnt5a-FZD7 signaling. We identified Daple as a substrate of multiple RTKs and non-RTKs and, hence, as a point of convergence for the three cascades. We found that phosphorylation near the Dvl-binding motif in Daple by both RTKs and non-RTKs caused Daple/Dvl complex dissociation and augmented the ability of Daple to bind to and activate Gαi, which potentiated β-catenin-independent Wnt signals and stimulated epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) similarly to Wnt5a/FZD7 signaling. Although Daple acts as a tumor suppressor in the healthy colon, the concurrent increased abundance of Daple and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) in colorectal tumors was associated with poor patient prognosis. Thus, the Daple-dependent activation of Gαi and the Daple-dependent enhancement of β-catenin-independent Wnt signals are not only stimulated by Wnt5a/FZD7 to suppress tumorigenesis but also hijacked by growth factor-activated RTKs to enhance tumor progression. These findings identify a cross-talk paradigm among growth factor RTKs, heterotrimeric G proteins, and the Wnt/FZD pathway in cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Aznar
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
| | - Jason Ear
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Ying Dunkel
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Nina Sun
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Kendall Satterfield
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Fang He
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | | | | | - Majid Ghassemian
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Debashis Sahoo
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.,Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Jacobs School of Engineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Irina Kufareva
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Pradipta Ghosh
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA. .,Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.,Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Kuga D, Ushida K, Mii S, Enomoto A, Asai N, Nagino M, Takahashi M, Asai M. Tyrosine Phosphorylation of an Actin-Binding Protein Girdin Specifically Marks Tuft Cells in Human and Mouse Gut. J Histochem Cytochem 2017; 65:347-366. [PMID: 28375676 DOI: 10.1369/0022155417702586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Tuft cells (TCs) are minor components of gastrointestinal epithelia, characterized by apical tufts and spool-shaped somas. The lack of reliable TC-markers has hindered the elucidation of its role. We developed site-specific and phosphorylation-status-specific antibodies against Girdin at tyrosine-1798 (pY1798) and found pY1798 immunostaining of mouse jejunum clearly depicted epithelial cells closely resembling TCs. This study aimed to validate pY1798 as a TC-marker. Double-fluorescence staining of intestines was performed with pY1798 and known TC-markers, for example, hematopoietic-prostaglandin-D-synthase (HPGDS), or doublecortin-like kinase 1 (DCLK1). Odds ratios (ORs) were calculated from cell counts to determine whether two markers were attracting (OR<1) or repelling (OR>1). In consequence, pY1798 signals strongly attracted those of known TC-markers. ORs for HPGDS in mouse stomach, small intestine, and colon were 0 for all, and 0.08 for DCLK1 in human small intestine. pY1798-positive cells in jejunum were distinct from other minor epithelial cells, including goblet, Paneth, and neuroendocrine cells. Thus, pY1798 was validated as a TC-marker. Interestingly, apoptosis inducers significantly increased relative TC frequencies despite the absence of proliferation at baseline. In conclusion, pY1798 is a novel TC-marker. Selective tyrosine phosphorylation and possible resistance to apoptosis inducers implied the activation of certain kinase(s) in TCs, which may become a clue to elucidate the enigmatic roles of TCs. .
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Kuga
- Department of Pathology (DK, KU, SM, AE, NA, MT, MA), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan.,Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery (DK, MN), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Kaori Ushida
- Department of Pathology (DK, KU, SM, AE, NA, MT, MA), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Shinji Mii
- Department of Pathology (DK, KU, SM, AE, NA, MT, MA), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Atsushi Enomoto
- Department of Pathology (DK, KU, SM, AE, NA, MT, MA), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Naoya Asai
- Department of Pathology (DK, KU, SM, AE, NA, MT, MA), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan.,Division of Molecular Pathology, Center for Neurological Disease and Cancer (NA, MT), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Masato Nagino
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery (DK, MN), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Masahide Takahashi
- Department of Pathology (DK, KU, SM, AE, NA, MT, MA), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan.,Division of Molecular Pathology, Center for Neurological Disease and Cancer (NA, MT), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Masato Asai
- Department of Pathology (DK, KU, SM, AE, NA, MT, MA), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan.,Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes (MA), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Ke Y, Bao T, Wu X, Tang H, Wang Y, Ge J, Fu B, Meng X, Chen L, Zhang C, Tan Y, Chen H, Guo Z, Ni F, Lei X, Shi Z, Wei D, Wang L. Scutellarin suppresses migration and invasion of human hepatocellular carcinoma by inhibiting the STAT3/Girdin/Akt activity. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2016; 483:509-515. [PMID: 27998773 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2016.12.114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2016] [Accepted: 12/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Scutellarin is an active flavone from Erigeron breviscapine (vant) Hand Mass. This study aimed to investigate the potential role of scutellarin in migration and invasion of human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells and its possible mechanism. In comparison with the vehicle-treated controls, treatment with scutellarin (50 mg/kg/day) for 35 days significantly mitigated the lung and intrahepatic metastasis of HCC tumors in vivo. Scutellarin treatment significantly reduced HepG2 cell viability in a dose-dependent manner, and inhibited migration and invasion of HCC cells in vitro. Scutellarin treatment significantly reduced STAT3 and Girders of actin filaments (Girdin) expression, STAT3 and Akt phosphorylation in HCC cells. Introduction of STAT3 overexpression restored the scutellarin-downregulated Girdin expression, Akt activation, migration and invasion of HCC cells. Furthermore, induction of Girdin overexpression completely abrogated the inhibition of scutellarin on the Akt phosphorylation, migration and invasion of HCC cells. Scutellarin can inhibit HCC cell metastasis in vivo, and migration and invasion in vitro by down-regulating the STAT3/Girdin/Akt signaling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yang Ke
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Tianhao Bao
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China; Mental Health Center, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Xuesong Wu
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Haoran Tang
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Pathology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Jiayun Ge
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Bimang Fu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Xu Meng
- Intensive Care Unit, The First Hospital of Kunming, Kunming, China
| | - Li Chen
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, The Kunming Children's Hospital, Kunming, China
| | - Cheng Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Yuqi Tan
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Haotian Chen
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Zhitang Guo
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Fan Ni
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Xuefen Lei
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Zhitian Shi
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Dong Wei
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Lin Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China.
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Ghosh P, Aznar N, Swanson L, Lo IC, Lopez-Sanchez I, Ear J, Rohena C, Kalogriopoulos N, Joosen L, Dunkel Y, Sun N, Nguyen P, Bhandari D. Biochemical, Biophysical and Cellular Techniques to Study the Guanine Nucleotide Exchange Factor, GIV/Girdin. CURRENT PROTOCOLS IN CHEMICAL BIOLOGY 2016; 8:265-298. [PMID: 27925669 PMCID: PMC5154557 DOI: 10.1002/cpch.13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Canonical signal transduction via heterotrimeric G proteins is spatiotemporally restricted, i.e., triggered exclusively at the plasma membrane, only by agonist activation of G protein-coupled receptors via a finite process that is terminated within a few hundred milliseconds. Recently, a rapidly emerging paradigm has revealed a noncanonical pathway for activation of heterotrimeric G proteins via the nonreceptor guanidine-nucleotide exchange factor, GIV/Girdin. Biochemical, biophysical, and functional studies evaluating this pathway have unraveled its unique properties and distinctive spatiotemporal features. As in the case of any new pathway/paradigm, these studies first required an in-depth optimization of tools/techniques and protocols, governed by rationale and fundamentals unique to the pathway, and more specifically to the large multimodular GIV protein. Here we provide the most up-to-date overview of protocols that have generated most of what we know today about noncanonical G protein activation by GIV and its relevance in health and disease. © 2016 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pradipta Ghosh
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0651
- Department of Medicine, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0651
| | - Nicolas Aznar
- Department of Medicine, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0651
| | - Lee Swanson
- Department of Medicine, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0651
| | - I-Chung Lo
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0651
| | | | - Jason Ear
- Department of Medicine, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0651
| | - Cristina Rohena
- Department of Medicine, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0651
| | | | - Linda Joosen
- Department of Medicine, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0651
| | - Ying Dunkel
- Department of Medicine, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0651
| | - Nina Sun
- Department of Medicine, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0651
| | - Peter Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California State University Long Beach, Long Beach, CA 90840-9507
| | - Deepali Bhandari
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California State University Long Beach, Long Beach, CA 90840-9507
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Parag-Sharma K, Leyme A, DiGiacomo V, Marivin A, Broselid S, Garcia-Marcos M. Membrane Recruitment of the Non-receptor Protein GIV/Girdin (Gα-interacting, Vesicle-associated Protein/Girdin) Is Sufficient for Activating Heterotrimeric G Protein Signaling. J Biol Chem 2016; 291:27098-27111. [PMID: 27864364 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.764431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2016] [Revised: 11/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
GIV (aka Girdin) is a guanine nucleotide exchange factor that activates heterotrimeric G protein signaling downstream of RTKs and integrins, thereby serving as a platform for signaling cascade cross-talk. GIV is recruited to the cytoplasmic tail of receptors upon stimulation, but the mechanism of activation of its G protein regulatory function is not well understood. Here we used assays in humanized yeast models and G protein activity biosensors in mammalian cells to investigate the role of GIV subcellular compartmentalization in regulating its ability to promote G protein signaling. We found that in unstimulated cells GIV does not co-fractionate with its substrate G protein Gαi3 on cell membranes and that constitutive membrane anchoring of GIV in yeast cells or rapid membrane translocation in mammalian cells via chemically induced dimerization leads to robust G protein activation. We show that membrane recruitment of the GIV "Gα binding and activating" motif alone is sufficient for G protein activation and that it does not require phosphomodification. Furthermore, we engineered a synthetic protein to show that recruitment of the GIV "Gα binding and activating" motif to membranes via association with active RTKs, instead of via chemically induced dimerization, is also sufficient for G protein activation. These results reveal that recruitment of GIV to membranes in close proximity to its substrate G protein is a major mechanism responsible for the activation of its G protein regulatory function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kshitij Parag-Sharma
- From the Department of Biochemistry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts 02118
| | - Anthony Leyme
- From the Department of Biochemistry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts 02118
| | - Vincent DiGiacomo
- From the Department of Biochemistry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts 02118
| | - Arthur Marivin
- From the Department of Biochemistry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts 02118
| | - Stefan Broselid
- From the Department of Biochemistry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts 02118
| | - Mikel Garcia-Marcos
- From the Department of Biochemistry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts 02118
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Aznar N, Patel A, Rohena CC, Dunkel Y, Joosen LP, Taupin V, Kufareva I, Farquhar MG, Ghosh P. AMP-activated protein kinase fortifies epithelial tight junctions during energetic stress via its effector GIV/Girdin. eLife 2016; 5. [PMID: 27813479 PMCID: PMC5119889 DOI: 10.7554/elife.20795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2016] [Accepted: 11/03/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Loss of epithelial polarity impacts organ development and function; it is also oncogenic. AMPK, a key sensor of metabolic stress stabilizes cell-cell junctions and maintains epithelial polarity; its activation by Metformin protects the epithelial barrier against stress and suppresses tumorigenesis. How AMPK protects the epithelium remains unknown. Here, we identify GIV/Girdin as a novel effector of AMPK, whose phosphorylation at a single site is both necessary and sufficient for strengthening mammalian epithelial tight junctions and preserving cell polarity and barrier function in the face of energetic stress. Expression of an oncogenic mutant of GIV (cataloged in TCGA) that cannot be phosphorylated by AMPK increased anchorage-independent growth of tumor cells and helped these cells to evade the tumor-suppressive action of Metformin. This work defines a fundamental homeostatic mechanism by which the AMPK-GIV axis reinforces cell junctions against stress-induced collapse and also provides mechanistic insight into the tumor-suppressive action of Metformin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Aznar
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, United States
| | - Arjun Patel
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, United States
| | - Cristina C Rohena
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, United States
| | - Ying Dunkel
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, United States
| | - Linda P Joosen
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, United States
| | - Vanessa Taupin
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, United States
| | - Irina Kufareva
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, United States
| | - Marilyn G Farquhar
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, United States
| | - Pradipta Ghosh
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, United States.,Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, United States.,Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, United States
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
GIV/Girdin activates Gαi and inhibits Gαs via the same motif. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2016; 113:E5721-30. [PMID: 27621449 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1609502113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
We previously showed that guanine nucleotide-binding (G) protein α subunit (Gα)-interacting vesicle-associated protein (GIV), a guanine-nucleotide exchange factor (GEF), transactivates Gα activity-inhibiting polypeptide 1 (Gαi) proteins in response to growth factors, such as EGF, using a short C-terminal motif. Subsequent work demonstrated that GIV also binds Gαs and that inactive Gαs promotes maturation of endosomes and shuts down mitogenic MAPK-ERK1/2 signals from endosomes. However, the mechanism and consequences of dual coupling of GIV to two G proteins, Gαi and Gαs, remained unknown. Here we report that GIV is a bifunctional modulator of G proteins; it serves as a guanine nucleotide dissociation inhibitor (GDI) for Gαs using the same motif that allows it to serve as a GEF for Gαi. Upon EGF stimulation, GIV modulates Gαi and Gαs sequentially: first, a key phosphomodification favors the assembly of GIV-Gαi complexes and activates GIV's GEF function; then a second phosphomodification terminates GIV's GEF function, triggers the assembly of GIV-Gαs complexes, and activates GIV's GDI function. By comparing WT and GIV mutants, we demonstrate that GIV inhibits Gαs activity in cells responding to EGF. Consequently, the cAMP→PKA→cAMP response element-binding protein signaling axis is inhibited, the transit time of EGF receptor through early endosomes are accelerated, mitogenic MAPK-ERK1/2 signals are rapidly terminated, and proliferation is suppressed. These insights define a paradigm in G-protein signaling in which a pleiotropically acting modulator uses the same motif both to activate and to inhibit G proteins. Our findings also illuminate how such modulation of two opposing Gα proteins integrates downstream signals and cellular responses.
Collapse
|
34
|
Dunkel Y, Diao K, Aznar N, Swanson L, Liu L, Zhu W, Mi XY, Ghosh P. Prognostic impact of total and tyrosine phosphorylated GIV/Girdin in breast cancers. FASEB J 2016; 30:3702-3713. [PMID: 27440794 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201600500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2016] [Accepted: 07/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Gα-interacting vesicle-associated protein (GIV, aka Girdin) is a guanine exchange factor (GEF) for the trimeric G protein Gαi and a bona fide metastasis-related gene that serves as a platform for amplification of tyrosine-based signals via G-protein intermediates. Here we present the first exploratory biomarker study conducted on a cohort of 187 patients with breast cancer to evaluate the prognostic role of total GIV (tGIV) and tyrosine phosphorylated GIV (pYGIV) across the various molecular subtypes. A Kaplan-Meier analysis of recurrence-free survival showed that the presence of tGIV, either cytoplasmic or nuclear, carried poor prognosis, but that nuclear tGIV had a greater prognostic impact (P = 0.007 in early and P = 0.0048 in late clinical stages). Activated pYGIV in the cytoplasm had the greatest prognostic impact in late clinical stages (P = 0.006). Furthermore, we found that the prognostic impacts of cytoplasmic pYGIV and nuclear tGIV were additive (hazard ratio 19.0548; P = 0.0002). Surprisingly, this additive effect of nuclear tGIV/cytoplasmic pYGIV was observed in human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-positive tumors (hazard ratio 16.918; P = 0.0005) but not in triple-negative breast cancers. In triple-negative breast cancers, tGIV and cytoplasmic pYGIV had no prognostic impact; however, membrane-association of pYGIV carried a poor prognosis (P = 0.026). Both tGIV and pYGIV showed no correlation with clinical stage, tumor size, pathologic type, lymph node involvement, and BRCA1/2 status. We conclude that immunocytochemical detection of pYGIV and tGIV can serve as an effective prognosticator. On the basis of the differential prognostic impact of tGIV/pYGIV within each molecular subtype, we propose a diagnostic algorithm. Further studies on larger cohorts are essential to rigorously assess the effectiveness and robustness of this algorithm in prognosticating outcome among patients with breast cancer.-Dunkel, Y., Diao, K., Aznar, N., Swanson, L., Liu, L., Zhu, W., Mi, X.-Y., Ghosh, P. Prognostic impact of total and tyrosine phosphorylated GIV/Girdin in breast cancers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ying Dunkel
- Department of Medicine.,Department of Cell and Molecular Medicine
| | - Kexin Diao
- Department of Pathology, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Nicolas Aznar
- Department of Medicine.,Department of Cell and Molecular Medicine
| | - Lee Swanson
- Department of Medicine.,Department of Cell and Molecular Medicine
| | - Lawrence Liu
- Department of Medicine.,Department of Cell and Molecular Medicine
| | - Wenhong Zhu
- Division of Biomedical Informatics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Xiao-Yi Mi
- Department of Pathology, China Medical University, Shenyang, China;
| | - Pradipta Ghosh
- Department of Medicine, .,Department of Cell and Molecular Medicine
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Ghosh P, Tie J, Muranyi A, Singh S, Brunhoeber P, Leith K, Bowermaster R, Liao Z, Zhu Y, LaFleur B, Tran B, Desai J, Jones I, Croxford M, Jover R, Goel A, Waring P, Hu S, Teichgraber V, Rohr UP, Ridder R, Shanmugam K, Gibbs P. Girdin (GIV) Expression as a Prognostic Marker of Recurrence in Mismatch Repair-Proficient Stage II Colon Cancer. Clin Cancer Res 2016; 22:3488-98. [PMID: 27029492 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-15-2290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2015] [Accepted: 03/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Prognostic markers that identify patients with stage II colon cancers who are at the risk of recurrence are essential to personalize therapy. We evaluated the potential of GIV/Girdin as a predictor of recurrence risk in such patients. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Expression of full-length GIV was evaluated by IHC using a newly developed mAb together with a mismatch repair (MMR)-specific antibody panel in three stage II colon cancer patient cohorts, that is, a training (n = 192), test (n = 317), and validation (n = 181) cohort, with clinical follow-up data. Recurrence risk stratification models were established in the training cohort of T3, proficient MMR (pMMR) patients without chemotherapy and subsequently validated. RESULTS For T3 pMMR tumors, GIV expression and the presence of lymphovascular invasion (LVI) were the only factors predicting recurrence in both training (GIV: HR, 2.78, P = 0.013; LVI: HR, 2.54, P = 0.025) and combined test and validation (pooled) cohorts (GIV: HR, 1.85, P = 0.019; LVI: HR, 2.52, P = 0.0004). A risk model based on GIV expression and LVI status classified patients into high- or low-risk groups; 3-year recurrence-free survival was significantly lower in the high-risk versus low-risk group across all cohorts [Training: 52.3% vs. 84.8%; HR, 3.74, 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.50-9.32; Test: 85.9% vs. 97.9%, HR, 7.83, 95% CI, 1.03-59.54; validation: 59.4% vs. 84.4%, HR, 3.71, 95% CI, 1.24-11.12]. CONCLUSIONS GIV expression status predicts recurrence risk in patients with T3 pMMR stage II colon cancer. A risk model combining GIV expression and LVI status information further enhances prediction of recurrence. Further validation studies are warranted before GIV status can be routinely included in patient management algorithms. Clin Cancer Res; 22(14); 3488-98. ©2016 AACR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pradipta Ghosh
- Departments of Medicine and Cell and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, California
| | - Jeanne Tie
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute, Melbourne, Australia. The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, Australia. Western Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Yifei Zhu
- Spring Bioscience, Pleasanton, California
| | | | - Ben Tran
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute, Melbourne, Australia. The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, Australia. Western Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Jayesh Desai
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute, Melbourne, Australia. The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Ian Jones
- The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
| | | | - Rodrigo Jover
- Department of Gastroenterology, General Hospital University of Alicante, Alicante, Spain
| | - Ajay Goel
- Baylor Research Institute and Charles A. Sammons Cancer Center, Baylor University Medical Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Paul Waring
- Department of Pathology, University of Melbourne, Australia
| | - Song Hu
- F. Hoffmann-La Roche AG, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | | | | | | | - Peter Gibbs
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute, Melbourne, Australia. The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, Australia. Western Hospital, Melbourne, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Wang X, Enomoto A, Asai N, Kato T, Takahashi M. Collective invasion of cancer: Perspectives from pathology and development. Pathol Int 2016; 66:183-92. [PMID: 26897041 DOI: 10.1111/pin.12391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2015] [Revised: 01/05/2016] [Accepted: 01/15/2016] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Clinical pathologists have long been aware that in many types of human malignant tumors, the cells are often connected and form groups of various sizes or "nests". In this way, they achieve "collective invasion" into the surrounding stroma, rather than spreading out individually. Such collective behavior is also a common feature of migration during embryonic and postnatal developmental stages, suggesting there are advantages gained by collective cell migration in the organisms. Recent studies have revealed the mechanisms underlying the collective invasion of cancer cells. These mechanisms differ from those observed in the migration of single cells in culture, including reliance on the epithelial-mesenchymal transition program. Whereas intercellular adhesion appears to be coordinated, cancer cell groups can be heterogenous, including cells that are leaders and those that are followers. There is also interaction with the tumor microenvironment that is a prerequisite for collective invasion of cancer. In this review, we describe recently emerging mechanisms underlying the collective migration of cells, with a particular focus in our studies on the actin-binding protein Girdin/GIV and the transcriptional regulator tripartite motif containing 27. These studies provide new perspectives on the mechanistic analogy between cancer and development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoze Wang
- Department of Pathology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Atsushi Enomoto
- Department of Pathology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Naoya Asai
- Department of Pathology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Takuya Kato
- Tumour Cell Biology Laboratory, The Francis-Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | - Masahide Takahashi
- Department of Pathology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Leyme A, Marivin A, Garcia-Marcos M. GIV/Girdin (Gα-interacting, Vesicle-associated Protein/Girdin) Creates a Positive Feedback Loop That Potentiates Outside-in Integrin Signaling in Cancer Cells. J Biol Chem 2016; 291:8269-82. [PMID: 26887938 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.691550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Activation of the tyrosine kinase focal adhesion kinase (FAK) upon cell stimulation by the extracellular matrix initiates integrin outside-in signaling. FAK is directly recruited to active integrins, which enhances its kinase activity and triggers downstream signaling like activation of PI3K. We recently described that Gα-interacting, vesicle-associated protein (GIV), a protein up-regulated in metastatic cancers, is also required for outside-in integrin signaling. More specifically, we found that GIV is a non-receptor guanine nucleotide exchange factor that activates trimeric G proteins in response to integrin stimulation to enhance PI3K signaling and tumor cell migration. In contrast, previous reports have established that GIV is involved in phosphotyrosine (Tyr(P))-based signaling in response to growth factor stimulation;i.e.GIV phosphorylation at Tyr-1764 and Tyr-1798 recruits and activates PI3K. Here we show that phosphorylation of GIV at Tyr-1764/Tyr-1798 is also required to enhance PI3K-Akt signaling and tumor cell migration in response to integrin stimulation, indicating that GIV functions in Tyr(P)-dependent integrin signaling. Unexpectedly, we found that activation of FAK, an upstream component of the integrin Tyr(P) signaling cascade, was diminished in GIV-depleted cells, suggesting that GIV is required to establish a positive feedback loop that enhances integrin-FAK signaling. Mechanistically, we demonstrate that this feedback activation of FAK depends on both guanine nucleotide exchange factor and Tyr(P) GIV signaling as well as on their convergence point, PI3K. Taken together, our results provide novel mechanistic insights into how GIV promotes proinvasive cancer cell behavior by working as a signal-amplifying platform at the crossroads of trimeric G protein and Tyr(P) signaling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anthony Leyme
- From the Department of Biochemistry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts 02118
| | - Arthur Marivin
- From the Department of Biochemistry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts 02118
| | - Mikel Garcia-Marcos
- From the Department of Biochemistry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts 02118
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Aznar N, Kalogriopoulos N, Midde KK, Ghosh P. Heterotrimeric G protein signaling via GIV/Girdin: Breaking the rules of engagement, space, and time. Bioessays 2016; 38:379-93. [PMID: 26879989 DOI: 10.1002/bies.201500133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Canonical signal transduction via heterotrimeric G proteins is spatially and temporally restricted, that is, triggered exclusively at the plasma membrane (PM), only by agonist activation of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) via a process that completes within a few hundred milliseconds. Recently, a rapidly emerging paradigm has revealed a non-canonical pathway for activation of heterotrimeric G proteins by the non-receptor guanidine-nucleotide exchange factor (GEF), GIV/Girdin. This pathway has distinctive temporal and spatial features and an unusual profile of receptor engagement: diverse classes of receptors, not just GPCRs can engage with GIV to trigger such activation. Such activation is spatially and temporally unrestricted, that is, can occur both at the PM and on internal membranes discontinuous with the PM, and can continue for prolonged periods of time. Here, we provide the most complete up-to-date review of the molecular mechanisms that govern the unique spatiotemporal aspects of non-canonical G protein activation by GIV and the relevance of this new paradigm in health and disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Aznar
- Department of Medicine, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | | | - Krishna K Midde
- Department of Medicine, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Pradipta Ghosh
- Department of Medicine, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.,Department of Cell and Molecular Medicine, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Ghosh P. The untapped potential of tyrosine-based G protein signaling. Pharmacol Res 2016; 105:99-107. [PMID: 26808081 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2016.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2016] [Revised: 01/14/2016] [Accepted: 01/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Tyrosine-based and trimeric G protein-based signaling are the two most widely studied and distinct mechanisms for signal transduction in eukaryotes. How each of them relay signals across the plasma membrane independently of each other has been extensively characterized; however, an understanding of how they work together remained obscure. Recently, a rapidly emerging paradigm has revealed that tyrosine based signals are relayed via G proteins, and that the cross-talk between the two hubs are more robustly and sophisticatedly integrated than was previously imagined. More importantly, by straddling the two signaling hubs that are most frequently targeted for their therapeutic significance, the tyrosine-based G-protein signaling pathway has its own growing list of pathophysiologic importance, both as therapeutic target in a variety of disease states, and by paving the way for personalized medicine. The fundamental principles of this emerging paradigm and its pharmacologic potential are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pradipta Ghosh
- Department of Medicine and Department of Cell and Molecular Medicine, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0651, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Lopez-Sanchez I, Ma GS, Pedram S, Kalogriopoulos N, Ghosh P. GIV/girdin binds exocyst subunit-Exo70 and regulates exocytosis of GLUT4 storage vesicles. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2015; 468:287-93. [PMID: 26514725 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2015.10.111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2015] [Accepted: 10/21/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Insulin resistance (IR) is a metabolic disorder characterized by impaired glucose uptake in response to insulin. The current paradigm for insulin signaling centers upon the insulin receptor (InsR) and its substrate IRS1; the latter is believed to be the chief conduit for post-receptor signaling. We recently demonstrated that GIV, a Guanidine Exchange Factor (GEF) for the trimeric G protein, Gαi, is a major hierarchical conduit for the metabolic insulin response. By virtue of its ability to directly bind the InsR, IRS1 and PI3K, GIV enhances the InsR-IRS1-Akt-AS160 (RabGAP) signaling cascade and cellular glucose uptake via its GEF function. Phosphoinhibition of GIV-GEF by the fatty-acid/PKCθ pathway inhibits the cascade and impairs glucose uptake. Here we show that GIV directly and constitutively binds the exocyst complex subunit Exo-70 and also associates with GLUT4-storage vesicles (GSVs) exclusively upon insulin stimulation. Without GIV or its GEF function, membrane association of Exo-70 as well as exocytosis of GSVs in response to insulin are impaired. Thus, GIV is an essential component within the insulin signaling cascade that couples upstream signal transducers within the InsR and G-Protein signaling cascade to downstream vesicular trafficking events within the exocytic pathway. These findings suggest a role of GIV in coordinating key signaling and trafficking events of metabolic insulin response.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Inmaculada Lopez-Sanchez
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Gary S Ma
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Shabnam Pedram
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Nicholas Kalogriopoulos
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Pradipta Ghosh
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Department of Cell and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Lopez-Sanchez I, Kalogriopoulos N, Lo IC, Kabir F, Midde KK, Wang H, Ghosh P. Focal adhesions are foci for tyrosine-based signal transduction via GIV/Girdin and G proteins. Mol Biol Cell 2015; 26:4313-24. [PMID: 26446841 PMCID: PMC4666128 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e15-07-0496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2015] [Accepted: 09/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
GIV is a guanine-nucleotide exchange factor and a bona fide metastasis-related protein. It is found, unexpectedly, that focal adhesions are the major foci for GIV-dependent signaling and that GIV modulates integrin-FAK signaling via activation of G proteins. It is also shown how this phenomenon is altered during cancer progression. GIV/Girdin is a multimodular signal transducer and a bona fide metastasis-related protein. As a guanidine exchange factor (GEF), GIV modulates signals initiated by growth factors (chemical signals) by activating the G protein Gαi. Here we report that mechanical signals triggered by the extracellular matrix (ECM) also converge on GIV-GEF via β1 integrins and that focal adhesions (FAs) serve as the major hubs for mechanochemical signaling via GIV. GIV interacts with focal adhesion kinase (FAK) and ligand-activated β1 integrins. Phosphorylation of GIV by FAK enhances PI3K-Akt signaling, the integrity of FAs, increases cell–ECM adhesion, and triggers ECM-induced cell motility. Activation of Gαi by GIV-GEF further potentiates FAK-GIV-PI3K-Akt signaling at the FAs. Spatially restricted signaling via tyrosine phosphorylated GIV at the FAs is enhanced during cancer metastasis. Thus GIV-GEF serves as a unifying platform for integration and amplification of adhesion (mechanical) and growth factor (chemical) signals during cancer progression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Inmaculada Lopez-Sanchez
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA 92093
| | - Nicholas Kalogriopoulos
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA 92093
| | - I-Chung Lo
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA 92093
| | - Firooz Kabir
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA 92093
| | - Krishna K Midde
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA 92093
| | - Honghui Wang
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA 92093
| | - Pradipta Ghosh
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA 92093 Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA 92093
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Leyme A, Marivin A, Perez-Gutierrez L, Nguyen LT, Garcia-Marcos M. Integrins activate trimeric G proteins via the nonreceptor protein GIV/Girdin. J Cell Biol 2015; 210:1165-84. [PMID: 26391662 PMCID: PMC4586755 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201506041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2015] [Accepted: 08/20/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Signal transduction via integrins and G protein-coupled receptors is critical to control cell behavior. These two receptor classes have been traditionally believed to trigger distinct and independent signaling cascades in response to extracellular cues. Here, we report a novel mechanism of integrin signaling that requires activation of the trimeric G protein Gαi by the nonreceptor guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) GIV (also known as Girdin), a metastasis-associated protein. We demonstrate that GIV enhances integrin-dependent cell responses upon extracellular matrix stimulation and makes tumor cells more invasive. These responses include remodeling of the actin cytoskeleton and PI3K-dependent signaling, resulting in enhanced haptotaxis and invasion. We show that both GIV and its substrate Gαi3 are recruited to active integrin complexes and that tumor cells engineered to express GEF-deficient GIV fail to transduce integrin signals into proinvasive responses via a Gβγ-PI3K axis. Our discoveries delineate a novel mechanism by which integrin signaling is rewired during metastasis to result in increased tumor invasiveness.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anthony Leyme
- Department of Biochemistry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118
| | - Arthur Marivin
- Department of Biochemistry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118
| | | | - Lien T Nguyen
- Department of Biochemistry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118
| | - Mikel Garcia-Marcos
- Department of Biochemistry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Ma GS, Lopez-Sanchez I, Aznar N, Kalogriopoulos N, Pedram S, Midde K, Ciaraldi TP, Henry RR, Ghosh P. Activation of G proteins by GIV-GEF is a pivot point for insulin resistance and sensitivity. Mol Biol Cell 2015; 26:4209-23. [PMID: 26378251 PMCID: PMC4642855 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e15-08-0553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2015] [Accepted: 09/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
A long-held tenet in the field of diabetes is that the tipping point between insulin sensitivity and resistance resides at the level of insulin receptor/insulin receptor substrate–adaptor complexes. Here it is shown that activation of Gαi by GIV/Girdin is a decisive event within the metabolic insulin signaling cascade that reversibly orchestrates insulin sensitivity or resistance. Insulin resistance (IR) is a metabolic disorder characterized by impaired insulin signaling and cellular glucose uptake. The current paradigm for insulin signaling centers upon the insulin receptor (InsR) and its substrate IRS1; the latter is believed to be the sole conduit for postreceptor signaling. Here we challenge that paradigm and show that GIV/Girdin, a guanidine exchange factor (GEF) for the trimeric G protein Gαi, is another major hierarchical conduit for the metabolic insulin response. By virtue of its ability to directly bind InsR, IRS1, and phosphoinositide 3-kinase, GIV serves as a key hub in the immediate postreceptor level, which coordinately enhances the metabolic insulin response and glucose uptake in myotubes via its GEF function. Site-directed mutagenesis or phosphoinhibition of GIV-GEF by the fatty acid/protein kinase C-theta pathway triggers IR. Insulin sensitizers reverse phosphoinhibition of GIV and reinstate insulin sensitivity. We also provide evidence for such reversible regulation of GIV-GEF in skeletal muscles from patients with IR. Thus GIV is an essential upstream component that couples InsR to G-protein signaling to enhance the metabolic insulin response, and impairment of such coupling triggers IR. We also provide evidence that GIV-GEF serves as therapeutic target for exogenous manipulation of physiological insulin response and reversal of IR in skeletal muscles.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gary S Ma
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA 92093
| | - Inmaculada Lopez-Sanchez
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA 92093
| | - Nicolas Aznar
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA 92093
| | - Nicholas Kalogriopoulos
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA 92093
| | - Shabnam Pedram
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA 92093
| | - Krishna Midde
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA 92093
| | - Theodore P Ciaraldi
- Department of Veterans Affairs, VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA 92161
| | - Robert R Henry
- Department of Veterans Affairs, VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA 92161
| | - Pradipta Ghosh
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA 92093 Department of Veterans Affairs, VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA 92161 Department of Cell and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA 92093
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Hu JT, Li Y, Yu B, Gao GJ, Zhou T, Li S. Girdin/GIV is upregulated by cyclic tension, propagates mechanical signal transduction, and is required for the cellular proliferation and migration of MG-63 cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2015; 464:493-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2015.06.165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2015] [Accepted: 06/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
|
45
|
Ni W, Fang Y, Tong L, Tong Z, Yi F, Qiu J, Wang R, Tong X. Girdin regulates the migration and invasion of glioma cells via the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway. Mol Med Rep 2015; 12:5086-92. [PMID: 26151295 PMCID: PMC4581799 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2015.4049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2014] [Accepted: 06/18/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Girdin, an actin‑binding protein, is associated with cell migration and is expressed at high levels in glioma cells. However, the association between girdin and the development of glioma remains to be elucidated. In the present study, short‑hairpin RNA technology was used to silence the gene expression of girdin. The effects of girdin silencing on glioma cell proliferation, migration and invasion were then assessed using a cell viability assay, wound‑healing assay, transwell invasion assay, reverse transcription‑quantitative polymerase chain reaction, western blot analysis and gelatin zymography. The results suggested that girdin silencing inhibited the proliferation, migration and invasion of glioma cells. In addition, the expression levels and activity of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)‑2 and MMP‑9 were also affected by girdin silencing. Further mechanistic investigation indicated that girdin may regulate glioma cell migration and invasion through the phosphatidylinositol‑3‑kinase/protein kinase B (PI3K‑Akt) signaling pathway. Therefore, the results of the present study provide a theoretical foundation for the development of anticancer drugs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Weimin Ni
- Department of Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, P.R. China
| | - Yan Fang
- Department of Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Liaoning Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning 121001, P.R. China
| | - Lei Tong
- Department of Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, P.R. China
| | - Zhaoxue Tong
- Department of Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, P.R. China
| | - Fuxin Yi
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Liaoning Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning 121001, P.R. China
| | - Jianwu Qiu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Liaoning Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning 121001, P.R. China
| | - Rui Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Liaoning Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning 121001, P.R. China
| | - Xiaojie Tong
- Department of Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Ghosh P. Heterotrimeric G proteins as emerging targets for network based therapy in cancer: End of a long futile campaign striking heads of a Hydra. Aging (Albany NY) 2015; 7:469-74. [PMID: 26224586 PMCID: PMC4543036 DOI: 10.18632/aging.100781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2015] [Accepted: 07/15/2015] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Most common diseases, e.g., cancer are driven by not one, but multiple cell surface receptors that trigger and sustain a pathologic signaling network. The largest fraction of therapeutic agents that target individual receptors/pathways eventually fail due to the emergence of compensatory mechanisms that reestablish the pathologic network. Recently, a rapidly emerging paradigm has revealed GIV/Girdin as a central platform for receptor cross-talk which integrates signals downstream of a myriad of cell surface receptors, and modulates several key pathways within downstream signaling network, all via non-canonical activation of trimeric G proteins. Unlike canonical signal transduction via G proteins, which is spatially and temporally restricted, the temporal and spatial features of non-canonical activation of G protein via GIV is unusually unrestricted. Consequently, the GIV●G protein interface serves as a central hub allowing for control over several pathways within the pathologic signaling network, all at once. The relevance of this new paradigm in cancer and other disease states and the pros and cons of targeting the GIV●G protein interface are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pradipta Ghosh
- Department of Medicine, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Aznar N, Midde KK, Dunkel Y, Lopez-Sanchez I, Pavlova Y, Marivin A, Barbazán J, Murray F, Nitsche U, Janssen KP, Willert K, Goel A, Abal M, Garcia-Marcos M, Ghosh P. Daple is a novel non-receptor GEF required for trimeric G protein activation in Wnt signaling. eLife 2015; 4:e07091. [PMID: 26126266 PMCID: PMC4484057 DOI: 10.7554/elife.07091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2015] [Accepted: 06/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Wnt signaling is essential for tissue homeostasis and its dysregulation causes cancer. Wnt ligands trigger signaling by activating Frizzled receptors (FZDRs), which belong to the G-protein coupled receptor superfamily. However, the mechanisms of G protein activation in Wnt signaling remain controversial. In this study, we demonstrate that FZDRs activate G proteins and trigger non-canonical Wnt signaling via the Dishevelled-binding protein, Daple. Daple contains a Gα-binding and activating (GBA) motif, which activates Gαi proteins and an adjacent domain that directly binds FZDRs, thereby linking Wnt stimulation to G protein activation. This triggers non-canonical Wnt responses, that is, suppresses the β-catenin/TCF/LEF pathway and tumorigenesis, but enhances PI3K-Akt and Rac1 signals and tumor cell invasiveness. In colorectal cancers, Daple is suppressed during adenoma-to-carcinoma transformation and expressed later in metastasized tumor cells. Thus, Daple activates Gαi and enhances non-canonical Wnt signaling by FZDRs, and its dysregulation can impact both tumor initiation and progression to metastasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Aznar
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, United States
| | - Krishna K Midde
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, United States
| | - Ying Dunkel
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, United States
| | | | - Yelena Pavlova
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, United States
| | - Arthur Marivin
- Department of Biochemistry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, United States
| | - Jorge Barbazán
- Translational Medical Oncology Laboratory, Health Research Institute of Santiago, Servizo Galego de Saúde, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Fiona Murray
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, United States
| | - Ulrich Nitsche
- Department of Surgery, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Klaus-Peter Janssen
- Department of Surgery, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Karl Willert
- Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States
| | - Ajay Goel
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine and Charles A Sammons Cancer Center and Baylor Research Institute, Baylor University Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, United States
| | - Miguel Abal
- Translational Medical Oncology Laboratory, Health Research Institute of Santiago, Servizo Galego de Saúde, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Mikel Garcia-Marcos
- Department of Biochemistry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, United States
| | - Pradipta Ghosh
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, United States
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Potential involvement of kinesin-1 in the regulation of subcellular localization of Girdin. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2015; 463:999-1005. [PMID: 26072378 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2015.06.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2015] [Accepted: 06/07/2015] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Girdin is an actin-binding protein that has multiple functions in postnatal neural development and cancer progression. We previously showed that Girdin is a regulator of migration for neuroblasts born from neural stem cells in the subventricular zone (SVZ) and the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus in the postnatal brain. Despite a growing list of Girdin-interacting proteins, the mechanism of Girdin-mediated migration has not been fully elucidated. Girdin interacts with Disrupted-In-Schizophrenia 1 and partitioning-defective 3, both of which have been shown to interact with the kinesin microtubule motor proteins. Based on this, we have identified that Girdin also interacts with kinesin-1, a member of neuronal kinesin proteins. Although a direct interaction of Girdin and kinesin-1 has not been determined, it is of interest to find that Girdin loss-of-function mutant mice with the mutation of a basic amino acid residue-rich region (Basic mut mice) exhibit limited interaction with kinesin-1. Furthermore, expression of a kinesin-1 mutant with motor defects, leads to Girdin mislocalization. Finally, consistent with previous studies on the role of kinesin proteins in trafficking a cell-cell adhesion molecule N-cadherin, Basic mut mice showed an aberrant expression pattern of N-cadherin in migrating SVZ neuroblasts. These findings suggest a potential role of Girdin/kinesin-1 interaction in the regulation of neuroblast migration in the postnatal brain.
Collapse
|
49
|
Therapeutic effects of cell-permeant peptides that activate G proteins downstream of growth factors. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2015; 112:E2602-10. [PMID: 25926659 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1505543112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In eukaryotes, receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) and trimeric G proteins are two major signaling hubs. Signal transduction via trimeric G proteins has long been believed to be triggered exclusively by G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). This paradigm has recently been challenged by several studies on a multimodular signal transducer, Gα-Interacting Vesicle associated protein (GIV/Girdin). We recently demonstrated that GIV's C terminus (CT) serves as a platform for dynamic association of ligand-activated RTKs with Gαi, and for noncanonical transactivation of G proteins. However, exogenous manipulation of this platform has remained beyond reach. Here we developed cell-permeable GIV-CT peptides by fusing a TAT-peptide transduction domain (TAT-PTD) to the minimal modular elements of GIV that are necessary and sufficient for activation of Gi downstream of RTKs, and used them to engineer signaling networks and alter cell behavior. In the presence of an intact GEF motif, TAT-GIV-CT peptides enhanced diverse processes in which GIV's GEF function has previously been implicated, e.g., 2D cell migration after scratch-wounding, invasion of cancer cells, and finally, myofibroblast activation and collagen production. Furthermore, topical application of TAT-GIV-CT peptides enhanced the complex, multireceptor-driven process of wound repair in mice in a GEF-dependent manner. Thus, TAT-GIV peptides provide a novel and versatile tool to manipulate Gαi activation downstream of growth factors in a diverse array of pathophysiologic conditions.
Collapse
|
50
|
Midde KK, Aznar N, Laederich MB, Ma GS, Kunkel MT, Newton AC, Ghosh P. Multimodular biosensors reveal a novel platform for activation of G proteins by growth factor receptors. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2015; 112:E937-46. [PMID: 25713130 PMCID: PMC4352799 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1420140112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Environmental cues are transmitted to the interior of the cell via a complex network of signaling hubs. Receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) and trimeric G proteins are two such major signaling hubs in eukaryotes. Conventionally, canonical signal transduction via trimeric G proteins is thought to be triggered exclusively by G protein-coupled receptors. Here we used molecular engineering to develop modular fluorescent biosensors that exploit the remarkable specificity of bimolecular recognition, i.e., of both G proteins and RTKs, and reveal the workings of a novel platform for activation of G proteins by RTKs in single living cells. Comprised of the unique modular makeup of guanidine exchange factor Gα-interacting vesicle-associated protein (GIV)/girdin, a guanidine exchange factor that links G proteins to a variety of RTKs, these biosensors provide direct evidence that RTK-GIV-Gαi ternary complexes are formed in living cells and that Gαi is transactivated within minutes after growth factor stimulation at the plasma membrane. Thus, GIV-derived biosensors provide a versatile strategy for visualizing, monitoring, and manipulating the dynamic association of Gαi with RTKs for noncanonical transactivation of G proteins in cells and illuminate a fundamental signaling event regulated by GIV during diverse cellular processes and pathophysiologic states.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Pradipta Ghosh
- Departments of Medicine and Pharmacology and Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
| |
Collapse
|