1
|
Sykulev Y. Factors contributing to the potency of CD8 + T cells. Trends Immunol 2023; 44:693-700. [PMID: 37558570 PMCID: PMC10511257 DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2023.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023]
Abstract
CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) play a crucial role in targeting virus-infected and cancer cells. Although other cytotoxic lymphocytes such as CD4+ T and natural killer (NK) cells, as well as chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cells, can also identify and destroy aberrant cells, they seem to be significantly less potent based on available experimental data. Here, I contemplate the molecular mechanisms controlling the sensitivity and kinetics of granule-mediated CD8+ T cell cytolytic responses. I posit that the clustering of MHC-I molecules and T cell receptors (TCRs) on the cell surface, as well as the contribution of the CD8 co-receptor, are major factors driving exceptionally potent cytolytic responses. I also contend that CD8+ T cells with known specificity and engineered TCR-T cells might be among the most efficient cytolytic effectors for treating patients suffering from viral infections or cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuri Sykulev
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA; Department of Medical Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Anikeeva N, Steblyanko M, Kuri-Cervantes L, Buggert M, Betts MR, Sykulev Y. The immune synapses reveal aberrant functions of CD8 T cells during chronic HIV infection. Nat Commun 2022; 13:6436. [PMID: 36307445 PMCID: PMC9616955 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-34157-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic HIV infection causes persistent low-grade inflammation that induces premature aging of the immune system including senescence of memory and effector CD8 T cells. To uncover the reasons of gradually diminished potency of CD8 T cells from people living with HIV, here we expose the T cells to planar lipid bilayers containing ligands for T-cell receptor and a T-cell integrins and analyze the cellular morphology, dynamics of synaptic interface formation and patterns of the cellular degranulation. We find a large fraction of phenotypically naive T cells from chronically infected people are capable to form mature synapse with focused degranulation, a signature of a differentiated T cells. Further, differentiation of aberrant naive T cells may lead to the development of anomalous effector T cells undermining their capacity to control HIV and other pathogens that could be contained otherwise.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Anikeeva
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Maria Steblyanko
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Leticia Kuri-Cervantes
- Department of Microbiology and Institute of Immunology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Marcus Buggert
- Department of Microbiology and Institute of Immunology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Michael R Betts
- Department of Microbiology and Institute of Immunology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Yuri Sykulev
- Departments of Immunology and Medical Oncology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
- Sydney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Pan W, Song K, Zhang Y, Yang C, Zhang Y, Ji F, Zhang J, Shi J, Wang K. The molecular subtypes of triple negative breast cancer were defined and a ligand-receptor pair score model was constructed by comprehensive analysis of ligand-receptor pairs. Front Immunol 2022; 13:982486. [PMID: 36119101 PMCID: PMC9470927 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.982486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Intercellular communication mediated by ligand-receptor interactions in tumor microenvironment (TME) has a profound impact on tumor progression. This study aimed to explore the molecular subtypes mediated by ligand-receptor (LR) pairs in triple negative breast cancer (TNBC), identify the most important LR pairs to construct a prognostic risk model, and study their effect on TNBC immunotherapy. Methods LR pairs subclasses of TNBC were categorized by consensus clustering based on LR Pairs in METABRIC dataset. Least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) Cox regression and stepwise Akaike information criterion (stepAIC) were conducted to build a LR pairs score model. The relationship between LR pairs score and immune cell infiltration, stromal score and immune score associated with TME was analyzed, and the prediction of drug therapy and immunotherapy efficacy by LR pairs score was evaluated. Results According to the expression pattern of 145 TNBC prognostic LR pairs, the samples were divided into three subclasses with different survival outcomes, copy number variation (CNV), TME immune cell infiltration, stromal score and immune score. The LR pairs score model constructed in the METABRIC dataset was composed of four LR pairs, and its predictive significance for TNBC prognosis was verified in GSE58812 and GSE21653 cohorts. In addition, LR pairs score was negatively correlated with several immune pathways regulating immunity and immune score, and related to the sensitivity of anti-neoplastic drugs and the effect of anti-PD-L1 therapy. Conclusion Our study confirmed the impact of LR pairs on the molecular heterogeneity of TNBC, characterized three LR pairs subtypes with different survival outcomes and TME patterns, and proposed a LR pairs score system with predictive significance for TNBC prognosis and anti-PD-L1 therapeutic effect, which provides a potential evaluation scheme for TNBC management.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Weijun Pan
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Breast Cancer, Cancer Center, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kai Song
- Department of Pathology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Science, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yunli Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Science, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ciqiu Yang
- Department of Breast Cancer, Cancer Center, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Department of Breast Cancer, Cancer Center, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fei Ji
- Department of Breast Cancer, Cancer Center, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Junsheng Zhang
- Department of Breast Cancer, Cancer Center, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jian Shi
- Department of Pathology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Science, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Kun Wang, ; Jian Shi,
| | - Kun Wang
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Breast Cancer, Cancer Center, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Kun Wang, ; Jian Shi,
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Efficient killing of tumor cells by CAR-T cells demands engagement of a larger number of CARs as opposed to TCRs. J Biol Chem 2021; 297:101033. [PMID: 34371020 PMCID: PMC8452787 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.101033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2020] [Revised: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Although CAR T cells are widely used to treat cancer, efficiency of CAR-T cell cytolytic responses has not been carefully examined. We engineered CAR specific for HMW-MAA (high molecular weight melanoma-associated antigen) and evaluated potency of CD8+ CAR-T cells to release cytolytic granules and to kill tissue-derived melanoma cells, which express different levels of HMW-MAA. CAR T cells efficiently killed melanoma cells expressing high level of HMW-MAA, but not melanoma cells with lower levels of HMW-MAA. The same melanoma cells presenting significantly lower level of stimulatory peptide-MHC ligand were readily lysed by T cells transduced with genes encoding α,β-TCR specific for the peptide-MHC ligand. The data suggest that higher level of targeted molecules is required to engage a larger number of CARs than TCRs to induce efficient cytolytic granule release and destruction of melanoma cells. Understanding the difference in molecular mechanisms controlling activation thresholds of CAR- versus TCR-mediated responses will contribute to improving efficiency of CAR T cells required to eliminate solid tumors presenting low levels of targeted molecules.
Collapse
|
5
|
Anikeeva N, Fischer NO, Blanchette CD, Sykulev Y. Extent of MHC Clustering Regulates Selectivity and Effectiveness of T Cell Responses. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2018; 202:591-597. [PMID: 30541879 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1801196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2018] [Accepted: 11/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
MHC proteins that present peptide ligands for recognition by TCR form nanoscale clusters on the cell membrane of APCs. How the extent of MHC clustering controls productive TCR engagement and TCR-mediated signaling has not been systematically studied. To evaluate the role of MHC clustering, we exploited nanoscale discoidal membrane mimetics (nanolipoprotein particles) to capture and present peptide-MHC (pMHC) ligands at various densities. We examined the binding of these model membrane clusters to the surface of live human CD8+ T cells and the subsequent triggering of intracellular signaling. The data demonstrate that the proximity of pMHC ligands, high association rate of CD8-MHC interactions, and relatively long lifetime of cognate TCR-pMHC complexes emerge as essential parameters, explaining the significance of MHC clustering. Rapid rebinding of CD8 to MHC suggests a dual role of CD8 in facilitating the T cells' hunt for a rare foreign pMHC ligand and the induction of rapid T cell response. Thus, our findings provide a new understanding of how MHC clustering influences multivalent interactions of pMHC ligands with CD8 and TCR on live T cells that regulate Ag recognition, kinetics of intracellular signaling, and the selectivity and efficiency of T cell responses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Anikeeva
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology and Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107; and
| | - Nicholas O Fischer
- Biosciences and Biotechnology Division, Physical and Life Sciences Directorate, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA 94551
| | - Craig D Blanchette
- Biosciences and Biotechnology Division, Physical and Life Sciences Directorate, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA 94551
| | - Yuri Sykulev
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology and Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107; and
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Mandal P, Tewari P, Kumar S, Yadav S, Ayanur A, Chaturvedi RK, Das M, Tripathi A. Argemone oil, an edible oil adulterant, induces systemic immunosuppression in Balb/c mice in an oral 28 days repeated dose toxicity study. Chem Biol Interact 2018; 287:57-69. [PMID: 29655912 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2018.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2018] [Revised: 04/04/2018] [Accepted: 04/12/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Consumption of edible oils contaminated with Argemone oil (AO) leads to a clinical condition called "Epidemic dropsy". Earlier studies have reported that metabolism and oxidative stress primarily contributes to AO toxicity, however, the involvement of immune system has not been assessed so far. Therefore, the present study was undertaken to systematically assess the effect of AO exposure on the function of immune system in Balb/c mice. The repeated exposure of AO for 28 days caused prominent regression of spleen and thymus; severe inflammatory changes in spleen depicted by the loss of distinct follicles, increased megakaryocyte infiltration, and enhanced expression levels of inflammatory markers (iNOS & COX-2). At the functional level, AO exposure significantly abrogated the mixed lymphocyte reaction and mitogen-stimulated lymphoproliferative activity of T and B cells, which is reflective of profound lymphocyte dysfunction upon antigen exposure. In concordance with the loss in functional activity of lymphocytes in AO exposed animals, it was found the AO altered the relative percentage of CD3+, CD4+, and CD28 + T cells. Further, there was a marked decrease in the relative distribution of cells with prominent MHC I and CD1d expression in AO exposed splenocytes. Moreover, reduced levels of immune stimulatory cytokines (TNF-α, IFN-γ, IL-2, IL-4, and IL-6), and increased levels of immunosuppressive cytokine IL-10 were detected in the serum of AO treated mice. Along with T and B cells, AO exposure also affected the phenotype and activation status of macrophages suggesting the inclination towards "alternative activation of macrophages". Altogether, these functional changes in the immune cells are contributing factors in AO induced immunosuppression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Payal Mandal
- Food, Drugs and Chemical Toxicology Group, CSIR- Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) CSIR-IITR Campus, Lucknow, India
| | - Prachi Tewari
- Food, Drugs and Chemical Toxicology Group, CSIR- Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) CSIR-IITR Campus, Lucknow, India
| | - Sachin Kumar
- Food, Drugs and Chemical Toxicology Group, CSIR- Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) CSIR-IITR Campus, Lucknow, India
| | - Sarika Yadav
- Food, Drugs and Chemical Toxicology Group, CSIR- Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) CSIR-IITR Campus, Lucknow, India
| | - Anjaneya Ayanur
- Central Pathology Laboratory, CSIR- Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, India
| | - Rajnish K Chaturvedi
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) CSIR-IITR Campus, Lucknow, India; Systems Toxicology & Health Risk Assessment, CSIR- Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, India
| | - Mukul Das
- Food, Drugs and Chemical Toxicology Group, CSIR- Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) CSIR-IITR Campus, Lucknow, India.
| | - Anurag Tripathi
- Food, Drugs and Chemical Toxicology Group, CSIR- Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) CSIR-IITR Campus, Lucknow, India.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Buggert M, Nguyen S, McLane LM, Steblyanko M, Anikeeva N, Paquin-Proulx D, Del Rio Estrada PM, Ablanedo-Terrazas Y, Noyan K, Reuter MA, Demers K, Sandberg JK, Eller MA, Streeck H, Jansson M, Nowak P, Sönnerborg A, Canaday DH, Naji A, Wherry EJ, Robb ML, Deeks SG, Reyes-Teran G, Sykulev Y, Karlsson AC, Betts MR. Limited immune surveillance in lymphoid tissue by cytolytic CD4+ T cells during health and HIV disease. PLoS Pathog 2018; 14:e1006973. [PMID: 29652923 PMCID: PMC5919077 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1006973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2018] [Revised: 04/25/2018] [Accepted: 03/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
CD4+ T cells subsets have a wide range of important helper and regulatory functions in the immune system. Several studies have specifically suggested that circulating effector CD4+ T cells may play a direct role in control of HIV replication through cytolytic activity or autocrine β-chemokine production. However, it remains unclear whether effector CD4+ T cells expressing cytolytic molecules and β-chemokines are present within lymph nodes (LNs), a major site of HIV replication. Here, we report that expression of β-chemokines and cytolytic molecules are enriched within a CD4+ T cell population with high levels of the T-box transcription factors T-bet and eomesodermin (Eomes). This effector population is predominately found in peripheral blood and is limited in LNs regardless of HIV infection or treatment status. As a result, CD4+ T cells generally lack effector functions in LNs, including cytolytic capacity and IFNγ and β-chemokine expression, even in HIV elite controllers and during acute/early HIV infection. While we do find the presence of degranulating CD4+ T cells in LNs, these cells do not bear functional or transcriptional effector T cell properties and are inherently poor to form stable immunological synapses compared to their peripheral blood counterparts. We demonstrate that CD4+ T cell cytolytic function, phenotype, and programming in the peripheral blood is dissociated from those characteristics found in lymphoid tissues. Together, these data challenge our current models based on blood and suggest spatially and temporally dissociated mechanisms of viral control in lymphoid tissues. CD4+ T cells have classically been divided into different subsets based on their different abilities to help and regulate specific parts of the immune system. Recent work in the HIV field has demonstrated that HIV-specific CD4+ T cells with unique effector functions, such as cytolytic activity and β-chemokine production, can play a direct role in control of HIV replication. However, HIV infection is generally considered to be a disease centered in lymphoid tissues, where unique CD4+ T helper cell subsets are present to orchestrate the maturation and priming of adaptive immunity. In this study, we identify that two specific transcription factors, T-bet and Eomes, mark cytolytic and β-chemokine producing CD4+ T cells. While this effector CD4+ T cell population is part of immunosurveillance mechanisms in blood, we find that lymph nodes largely lack this effector population–independent of HIV infection or disease progression status. These results indicate that current effector CD4+ T cell mediated correlates of HIV control are limited to blood and not representative of potential correlates of control in lymphoid tissues.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marcus Buggert
- Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America
- Institute for Immunology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America
- Center for Infection Medicine, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
- * E-mail: (MB); (MRB)
| | - Son Nguyen
- Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America
- Institute for Immunology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America
| | - Laura M. McLane
- Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America
- Institute for Immunology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America
| | - Maria Steblyanko
- Microbiology and Immunology, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America
| | - Nadia Anikeeva
- Microbiology and Immunology, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America
| | - Dominic Paquin-Proulx
- Center for Infection Medicine, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
- U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, United States of America
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD, United States of America
| | - Perla M. Del Rio Estrada
- Departamento de Investigación en Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Yuria Ablanedo-Terrazas
- Departamento de Investigación en Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Kajsa Noyan
- Division of Clinical Microbiology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Morgan A. Reuter
- Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America
| | - Korey Demers
- Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America
| | - Johan K. Sandberg
- Center for Infection Medicine, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Michael A. Eller
- U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, United States of America
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD, United States of America
| | - Hendrik Streeck
- U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, United States of America
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD, United States of America
- Institute for HIV Research, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Marianne Jansson
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Piotr Nowak
- Center for Infection Medicine, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
- Division of Clinical Microbiology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anders Sönnerborg
- Center for Infection Medicine, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
- Division of Clinical Microbiology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - David H. Canaday
- Division of Infectious Diseases and HIV Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States of America
- Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, Louis Stokes VA Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, United States of America
| | - Ali Naji
- Department of Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America
| | - E. John Wherry
- Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America
- Institute for Immunology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America
| | - Merlin L. Robb
- U.S. Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, United States of America
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD, United States of America
| | - Steven G. Deeks
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco General Hospital, San Francisco, CA, United States of America
| | - Gustavo Reyes-Teran
- Departamento de Investigación en Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Yuri Sykulev
- Microbiology and Immunology, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America
- Medical Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America
| | - Annika C. Karlsson
- Division of Clinical Microbiology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Michael R. Betts
- Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America
- Institute for Immunology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America
- * E-mail: (MB); (MRB)
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Arbulo-Echevarria MM, Narbona-Sánchez I, Fernandez-Ponce CM, Vico-Barranco I, Rueda-Ygueravide MD, Dustin ML, Miazek A, Duran-Ruiz MC, García-Cózar F, Aguado E. A Stretch of Negatively Charged Amino Acids of Linker for Activation of T-Cell Adaptor Has a Dual Role in T-Cell Antigen Receptor Intracellular Signaling. Front Immunol 2018; 9:115. [PMID: 29456532 PMCID: PMC5801411 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2017] [Accepted: 01/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The adaptor protein linker for activation of T cells (LAT) has an essential role transducing activatory intracellular signals coming from the TCR/CD3 complex. Previous reports have shown that upon T-cell activation, LAT interacts with the tyrosine kinase Lck, leading to the inhibition of its kinase activity. LAT-Lck interaction seemed to depend on a stretch of negatively charged amino acids in LAT. Here, we have substituted this segment of LAT between amino acids 113 and 126 with a non-charged segment and expressed the mutant LAT (LAT-NIL) in J.CaM2 cells in order to analyze TCR signaling. Substitution of this segment in LAT prevented the activation-induced interaction with Lck. Moreover, cells expressing this mutant form of LAT showed a statistically significant increase of proximal intracellular signals such as phosphorylation of LAT in tyrosine residues 171 and 191, and also enhanced ZAP70 phosphorylation approaching borderline statistical significance (p = 0.051). Nevertheless, downstream signals such as Ca2+ influx or MAPK pathways were partially inhibited. Overall, our data reveal that LAT-Lck interaction constitutes a key element regulating proximal intracellular signals coming from the TCR/CD3 complex.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mikel M Arbulo-Echevarria
- Department of Biomedicine, Biotechnology and Public Health (Immunology), Core Research Facility for Health Sciences, University of Cádiz and Puerto Real University Hospital Research Unit, Cádiz, Spain
| | - Isaac Narbona-Sánchez
- Department of Biomedicine, Biotechnology and Public Health (Immunology), Core Research Facility for Health Sciences, University of Cádiz and Puerto Real University Hospital Research Unit, Cádiz, Spain
| | - Cecilia M Fernandez-Ponce
- Department of Biomedicine, Biotechnology and Public Health (Immunology), Core Research Facility for Health Sciences, University of Cádiz and Puerto Real University Hospital Research Unit, Cádiz, Spain
| | - Inmaculada Vico-Barranco
- Department of Biomedicine, Biotechnology and Public Health (Immunology), Core Research Facility for Health Sciences, University of Cádiz and Puerto Real University Hospital Research Unit, Cádiz, Spain
| | | | - Michael L Dustin
- Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, The Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, The University of Oxford, Headington, United Kingdom
| | - Arkadiusz Miazek
- Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Mª Carmen Duran-Ruiz
- Department of Biomedicine, Biotechnology and Public Health (Biochemistry), University of Cádiz, Cádiz, Spain.,Institute of Biomedical Research Cadiz (INIBICA), Cádiz, Spain
| | - Francisco García-Cózar
- Department of Biomedicine, Biotechnology and Public Health (Immunology), Core Research Facility for Health Sciences, University of Cádiz and Puerto Real University Hospital Research Unit, Cádiz, Spain.,Institute of Biomedical Research Cadiz (INIBICA), Cádiz, Spain
| | - Enrique Aguado
- Department of Biomedicine, Biotechnology and Public Health (Immunology), Core Research Facility for Health Sciences, University of Cádiz and Puerto Real University Hospital Research Unit, Cádiz, Spain.,Institute of Biomedical Research Cadiz (INIBICA), Cádiz, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Infectious pathogens may trigger specific allo-HLA reactivity via multiple mechanisms. Immunogenetics 2017; 69:631-641. [PMID: 28718002 PMCID: PMC5537314 DOI: 10.1007/s00251-017-0989-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2017] [Accepted: 04/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Transplant recipients can be sensitized against allo-HLA antigens by previous transplantation, blood transfusion, or pregnancy. While there is growing awareness that multiple components of the immune system can act as effectors of the alloresponse, the role of infectious pathogen exposure in triggering sensitization and allograft rejection has remained a matter of much debate. Here, we describe that exposure to pathogens may enhance the immune response to allogeneic HLA antigens via different pathways. The potential role of allo-HLA cross-reactivity of virus-specific memory T cells, activation of innate immunity leading to a more efficient induction of the adaptive alloimmune response by antigen-presenting cells, and bystander activation of existing memory B cell activation will be discussed in this review.
Collapse
|
10
|
T-Cell Receptor (TCR) Clonotype-Specific Differences in Inhibitory Activity of HIV-1 Cytotoxic T-Cell Clones Is Not Mediated by TCR Alone. J Virol 2017; 91:JVI.02412-16. [PMID: 28077649 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.02412-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2016] [Accepted: 12/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Functional analysis of T-cell responses in HIV-infected individuals has indicated that virus-specific CD8+ T cells with superior antiviral efficacy are well represented in HIV-1 controllers but are rare or absent in HIV-1 progressors. To define the role of individual T-cell receptor (TCR) clonotypes in differential antiviral CD8+ T-cell function, we performed detailed functional and mass cytometric cluster analysis of multiple CD8+ T-cell clones recognizing the identical HLA-B*2705-restricted HIV-1 epitope KK10 (KRWIILGLNK). Effective and ineffective CD8+ T-cell clones segregated based on responses to HIV-1-infected and peptide-loaded target cells. Following cognate peptide stimulation, effective HIV-specific clones displayed significantly more rapid TCR signal propagation, more efficient initial lytic granule release, and more sustained nonlytic cytokine and chemokine secretion than ineffective clones. To evaluate the TCR clonotype contribution to CD8+ T-cell function, we cloned the TCR α and β chain genes from one effective and two ineffective CD8+ T-cell clones from an elite controller into TCR-expressing lentivectors. We show that Jurkat/MA cells and primary CD8+ T cells transduced with lentivirus expressing TCR from one of the ineffective clones exhibited a level of activation by cognate peptide and inhibition of in vitro HIV-1 infection, respectively, that were comparable to those of the effective clonotype. Taken together, these data suggest that the potent antiviral capacity of some HIV-specific CD8+ T cells is a consequence of factors in addition to TCR sequence that modulate functionality and contribute to the increased antiviral capacity of HIV-specific CD8+ T cells in elite controllers to inhibit HIV infection.IMPORTANCE The greater ex vivo antiviral inhibitory activity of CD8+ T cells from elite controllers than from HIV-1 progressors supports the crucial role of effective HIV-specific CD8+ T cells in controlling HIV-1 replication. The contribution of TCR clonotype to inhibitory potency was investigated by delineating the responsiveness of effective and ineffective CD8+ T-cell clones recognizing the identical HLA-B*2705-restricted HIV-1 Gag-derived peptide, KK10 (KRWIILGLNK). KK10-stimulated "effective" CD8+ T-cell clones displayed significantly more rapid TCR signal propagation, more efficient initial lytic granule release, and more sustained cytokine and chemokine secretion than "ineffective" CD8+ T-cell clones. However, TCRs cloned from an effective and one of two ineffective clones conferred upon primary CD8+ T cells the equivalent potent capacity to inhibit HIV-1 infection. Taken together, these data suggest that other factors aside from intrinsic TCR-peptide-major histocompatibility complex (TCR-peptide-MHC) reactivity can contribute to the potent antiviral capacity of some HIV-specific CD8+ T-cell clones.
Collapse
|
11
|
Anikeeva N, Grosso D, Flomenberg N, Sykulev Y. Evaluating frequency and quality of pathogen-specific T cells. Nat Commun 2016; 7:13264. [PMID: 27786275 PMCID: PMC5095286 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms13264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2016] [Accepted: 09/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
It is generally accepted that enumeration and characterization of antigen-specific T cells provide essential information about potency of the immune response. Here, we report a new technique to determine the frequency and potency of antigen-specific CD8 T cells. The assay measures changes of intracellular Ca2+ in real time by fluorescent microscopy in individual CD8 T cells responding to cognate peptides. The T cells form continuous monolayer, enabling the cells to present the peptides to each other. This approach allows us to evaluate the kinetics of intracellular Ca2+ signalling that characterizes the quality of T cell response. We demonstrate the usefulness of the assay examining the frequency and quality of cytomegalovirus-specific CD8 T cells from healthy donor and patient after haploidentical stem cell transplantation. The new assay has a potential to provide essential information determining the status of the immune system, disease morbidity, potency of therapeutic intervention and vaccine efficacy. Characterization of T cell antigen specificity human blood is challenging due to the low clonal frequencies. Here the authors develop a fluorescent microscopy-based method to detect antigen-specific CD8 T cell activation, and apply it to characterize the anti-CMV repertoire.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Anikeeva
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19107, USA
| | - Dolores Grosso
- Department of Medical Oncology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19107, USA
| | - Neal Flomenberg
- Department of Medical Oncology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19107, USA.,The Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19107, USA
| | - Yuri Sykulev
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19107, USA.,Department of Medical Oncology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19107, USA.,The Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19107, USA
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Panigrahi GK, Yadav A, Mandal P, Tripathi A, Das M. Immunomodulatory potential of Rhein, an anthraquinone moiety of Cassia occidentalis seeds. Toxicol Lett 2016; 245:15-23. [PMID: 26784856 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2016.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2015] [Revised: 01/06/2016] [Accepted: 01/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Rhein, the most toxic anthraquinone moiety in Cassia occidentalis seeds, has been associated with hepatomyoencephalopathy (HME) in children. Structural and functional alterations in the lymphoid organs have been reported both in HME patients and experimental animals indicating a possibility of the dysfunction of immune system following exposure to CO seeds or its toxic anthraquinones (Panigrahi et al., 2014a). In the present study the mechanism of immune response of Rhein in splenocytes has been investigated by measuring functional assays of lymphocyte, cell surface receptor expression and analysis of cytokine levels. Results indicate that Rhein at a maximum dose of 10 μM is non cytotoxic up to 72 h in splenocytes. In addition to its potential to decrease the allogenic response of T-cells, Rhein significantly suppresses the proliferation of the concavalin A (Con A) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulated splenocytes. Lymphocyte receptor expression analysis revealed that Rhein exposure significantly down regulate the expression of CD3e, CD4, CD8, CD28, CD69 molecules in T-cells. The expression of CD19, CD28, CD40 in B-cells were also found to be significantly decreased following Rhein exposure. In accordance with the functional responses, Rhein treatment significantly lowered the expression of IL2 and IL6 cytokines in Con A stimulated splenocytes, and IL6, IL10, IFNγ and TNFα in LPS stimulated splenocytes. Over all, the study suggests the immunomodulatory activity of Rhein and that it would be useful in understanding the immune response of CO seeds in human subjects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gati Krushna Panigrahi
- Food Toxicology Laboratory, Food, Drug & Chemical Toxicology Group, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), M. G. Marg, Post Box No 80, Lucknow 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Ashish Yadav
- Food Toxicology Laboratory, Food, Drug & Chemical Toxicology Group, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), M. G. Marg, Post Box No 80, Lucknow 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Payal Mandal
- Food Toxicology Laboratory, Food, Drug & Chemical Toxicology Group, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), M. G. Marg, Post Box No 80, Lucknow 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Anurag Tripathi
- Food Toxicology Laboratory, Food, Drug & Chemical Toxicology Group, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), M. G. Marg, Post Box No 80, Lucknow 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India.
| | - Mukul Das
- Food Toxicology Laboratory, Food, Drug & Chemical Toxicology Group, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), M. G. Marg, Post Box No 80, Lucknow 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Steblyanko M, Anikeeva N, Campbell KS, Keen JH, Sykulev Y. Integrins Influence the Size and Dynamics of Signaling Microclusters in a Pyk2-dependent Manner. J Biol Chem 2015; 290:11833-42. [PMID: 25778396 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.614719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2014] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Integrin engagement on lymphocytes initiates "outside-in" signaling that is required for cytoskeleton remodeling and the formation of the synaptic interface. However, the mechanism by which the "outside-in" signal contributes to receptor-mediated intracellular signaling that regulates the kinetics of granule delivery and efficiency of cytolytic activity is not well understood. We have found that variations in ICAM-1 expression on tumor cells influence killing kinetics of these cells by CD16.NK-92 cytolytic effectors suggesting that changes in integrin ligation on the effector cells regulate the kinetics of cytolytic activity by the effector cells. To understand how variations of the integrin receptor ligation may alter cytolytic activity of CD16.NK-92 cells, we analyzed molecular events at the contact area of these cells exposed to planar lipid bilayers that display integrin ligands at different densities and activating CD16-specific antibodies. Changes in the extent of integrin ligation on CD16.NK-92 cells at the cell/bilayer interface revealed that the integrin signal influences the size and the dynamics of activating receptor microclusters in a Pyk2-dependent manner. Integrin-mediated changes of the intracellular signaling significantly affected the kinetics of degranulation of CD16.NK-92 cells providing evidence that integrins regulate the rate of target cell destruction in antibody-dependent cell cytotoxicity (ADCC).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Kerry S Campbell
- the Institute for Cancer Research, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19111
| | - James H Keen
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19107 and
| | - Yuri Sykulev
- From the Departments of Microbiology and Immunology and
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Sherwood ER, Hotchkiss RS. BTLA as a biomarker and mediator of sepsis-induced immunosuppression. CRITICAL CARE : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE CRITICAL CARE FORUM 2013; 17:1022. [PMID: 24321139 PMCID: PMC4059397 DOI: 10.1186/cc13143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Recent research indicates that T-lymphocyte dysfunction may contribute to sepsis-associated morbidity and mortality. B and T lymphocyte attenuator (BTLA) is a co-inhibitory receptor expressed by T lymphocytes and B lymphocytes that is important in regulating lymphocyte activation during inflammation and infection. Shubin and colleagues report that higher mean BTLA expression in critically ill patients may have value in identifying patients with infection. Further studies provide evidence that BTLA activation contributes to T-lymphocyte apoptosis during sepsis. Although this study will require follow-up and further investigation, the results advance current knowledge regarding potential mechanisms underlying sepsis-induced immunosuppression and identify BTLA as a candidate biomarker and mediator of T-cell dysfunction during sepsis.
Collapse
|
15
|
Friend SF, Peterson LK, Treacy E, Stefanski AL, Sosinowski T, Pennock ND, Berger AJ, Winn VD, Dragone LL. The discovery of a reciprocal relationship between tyrosine-kinase signaling and cullin neddylation. PLoS One 2013; 8:e75200. [PMID: 24124476 PMCID: PMC3790728 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0075200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2013] [Accepted: 08/12/2013] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
While neddylation is known to activate cullin (CUL)-RING ubiquitin ligases (CRLs), its role in regulating T cell signaling is poorly understood. Using the investigational NEDD8 activating enzyme (NAE) inhibitor, MLN4924, we found that neddylation negatively regulates T cell receptor (TCR) signaling, as its inhibition increases IL-2 production, T cell proliferation and Treg development in vitro. We also discovered that loss of CUL neddylation occurs upon TCR signaling, and CRLs negatively regulate IL-2 production. Additionally, we found that tyrosine kinase signaling leads to CUL deneddylation in multiple cell types. These studies indicate that CUL neddylation is a global regulatory mechanism for tyrosine kinase signaling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Samantha F Friend
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Denver, Colorado, United States of America ; Integrated Department of Immunology, University of Colorado School of Medicine and National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado, United States of America
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Markle TJ, Philip M, Brockman MA. HIV-1 Nef and T-cell activation: a history of contradictions. Future Virol 2013; 8. [PMID: 24187576 DOI: 10.2217/fvl.13.20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
HIV-1 Nef is a multifunctional viral protein that contributes to higher plasma viremia and more rapid disease progression. Nef appears to accomplish this, in part, through modulation of T-cell activation; however, the results of these studies over the past 25 years have been inconsistent. Here, the history of contradictory observations related to HIV-1 Nef and its ability to modulate T-cell activation is reviewed, and recent reports that may help to explain Net's apparent ability to both inhibit and activate T cells are highlighted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tristan J Markle
- Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby BC V5A 1S6, Canada
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Xie JJ, Liang JQ, Diao LH, Altman A, Li Y. TNFR-associated factor 6 regulates TCR signaling via interaction with and modification of LAT adapter. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2013; 190:4027-36. [PMID: 23514740 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1202742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
TNFR-associated factor (TRAF)6 is an essential ubiquitin E3 ligase in immune responses, but its function in adaptive immunity is not well understood. In this study, we show that TRAF6 is recruited to the peripheral ring of the T cell immunological synapse in Jurkat T cells or human primary CD4(+) T cells conjugated with staphylococcal enterotoxin E-pulsed B cells. This recruitment depends on TRAF6 interacting with linker for activation of T cells (LAT) via its TRAF domain. Although LAT was indispensable for TCR/CD28-induced TRAF6 ubiquitination and its ligase activity, RNA interference-induced TRAF6 knockdown in T cells decreased TCR/CD28-induced LAT ubiquitination, tyrosine phosphorylation, and association with tyrosine kinase ZAP70. Overexpression of TRAF6 or its catalytically inactive form C70A promoted and decreased, respectively, LAT tyrosine phosphorylation upon stimulation. Moreover, LAT was ubiquitinated at Lys(88) by TRAF6 via K63-linked chain. In addition, TRAF6 was required for and synergized with LAT to promote the TCR/CD28-induced activation of NFAT. These results reveal a novel function and mechanism of TRAF6 action in the TCR-LAT signaling pathway distinct from its role in TCR-induced NF-κB activation, indicating that LAT also plays an adapter role in TCR/CD28-induced activation of TRAF6.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Ji Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Key Laboratory of Gene Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Yadav A, Kumar A, Tripathi A, Das M. Sunset yellow FCF, a permitted food dye, alters functional responses of splenocytes at non-cytotoxic dose. Toxicol Lett 2013; 217:197-204. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2012.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2012] [Revised: 11/28/2012] [Accepted: 12/20/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
|
19
|
Anikeeva N, Gakamsky D, Schøller J, Sykulev Y. Evidence that the density of self peptide-MHC ligands regulates T-cell receptor signaling. PLoS One 2012; 7:e41466. [PMID: 22870225 PMCID: PMC3411518 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0041466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2012] [Accepted: 06/21/2012] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Noncognate or self peptide-MHC (pMHC) ligands productively interact with T-cell receptor (TCR) and are always in a large access over the cognate pMHC on the surface of antigen presenting cells. We assembled soluble cognate and noncognate pMHC class I (pMHC-I) ligands at designated ratios on various scaffolds into oligomers that mimic pMHC clustering and examined how multivalency and density of the pMHCs in model clusters influences the binding to live CD8 T cells and the kinetics of TCR signaling. Our data demonstrate that the density of self pMHC-I proteins promotes their interaction with CD8 co-receptor, which plays a critical role in recognition of a small number of cognate pMHC-I ligands. This suggests that MHC clustering on live target cells could be utilized as a sensitive mechanism to regulate T cell responsiveness.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Anikeeva
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology and Kimmel Cancer Institute, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | | | | | - Yuri Sykulev
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology and Kimmel Cancer Institute, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Anikeeva N, Sykulev Y. Mechanisms controlling granule-mediated cytolytic activity of cytotoxic T lymphocytes. Immunol Res 2012; 51:183-94. [PMID: 22058021 DOI: 10.1007/s12026-011-8252-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) play a critical role in immunity against viruses and cancer. The antigen receptor or T-cell receptor (TCR) on CTL determines the specificity toward target cells. The CD8 co-receptor functions in concert with the TCR to enhance TCR-mediated signaling, accounting for the remarkable sensitivity and swift signaling kinetics of the CTL response. The latter ensures efficient delivery and release of lytic granules, resulting in sensitive and rapid destruction of target cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Anikeeva
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Kimmel Cancer Center and Jefferson Vaccine Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA.
| | | |
Collapse
|