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Al Tabosh T, Liu H, Koça D, Al Tarrass M, Tu L, Giraud S, Delagrange L, Beaudoin M, Rivière S, Grobost V, Rondeau-Lutz M, Dupuis O, Ricard N, Tillet E, Machillot P, Salomon A, Picart C, Battail C, Dupuis-Girod S, Guignabert C, Desroches-Castan A, Bailly S. Impact of heterozygous ALK1 mutations on the transcriptomic response to BMP9 and BMP10 in endothelial cells from hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia and pulmonary arterial hypertension donors. Angiogenesis 2024; 27:211-227. [PMID: 38294582 PMCID: PMC11021321 DOI: 10.1007/s10456-023-09902-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
Heterozygous activin receptor-like kinase 1 (ALK1) mutations are associated with two vascular diseases: hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT) and more rarely pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). Here, we aimed to understand the impact of ALK1 mutations on BMP9 and BMP10 transcriptomic responses in endothelial cells. Endothelial colony-forming cells (ECFCs) and microvascular endothelial cells (HMVECs) carrying loss of function ALK1 mutations were isolated from newborn HHT and adult PAH donors, respectively. RNA-sequencing was performed on each type of cells compared to controls following an 18 h stimulation with BMP9 or BMP10. In control ECFCs, BMP9 and BMP10 stimulations induced similar transcriptomic responses with around 800 differentially expressed genes (DEGs). ALK1-mutated ECFCs unexpectedly revealed highly similar transcriptomic profiles to controls, both at the baseline and upon stimulation, and normal activation of Smad1/5 that could not be explained by a compensation in cell-surface ALK1 level. Conversely, PAH HMVECs revealed strong transcriptional dysregulations compared to controls with > 1200 DEGs at the baseline. Consequently, because our study involved two variables, ALK1 genotype and BMP stimulation, we performed two-factor differential expression analysis and identified 44 BMP9-dysregulated genes in mutated HMVECs, but none in ECFCs. Yet, the impaired regulation of at least one hit, namely lunatic fringe (LFNG), was validated by RT-qPCR in three different ALK1-mutated endothelial models. In conclusion, ALK1 heterozygosity only modified the BMP9/BMP10 regulation of few genes, including LFNG involved in NOTCH signaling. Future studies will uncover whether dysregulations in such hits are enough to promote HHT/PAH pathogenesis, making them potential therapeutic targets, or if second hits are necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Al Tabosh
- Biosanté unit U1292, Grenoble Alpes University, INSERM, CEA, 38000, Grenoble, France
| | - H Liu
- Biosanté unit U1292, Grenoble Alpes University, INSERM, CEA, 38000, Grenoble, France
| | - D Koça
- Biosanté unit U1292, Grenoble Alpes University, INSERM, CEA, 38000, Grenoble, France
| | - M Al Tarrass
- Biosanté unit U1292, Grenoble Alpes University, INSERM, CEA, 38000, Grenoble, France
| | - L Tu
- Faculté de Médecine, Pulmonary Hypertension: Pathophysiology and Novel Therapies, Université Paris-Saclay, 94276, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
- INSERM UMR_S 999 «Pulmonary Hypertension: Pathophysiology and Novel Therapies», Hôpital Marie Lannelongue, 92350, Le Plessis-Robinson, France
| | - S Giraud
- Genetics Department, Femme-Mère-Enfants Hospital, Hospices Civils de Lyon, 69677, Bron, France
| | - L Delagrange
- Genetics Department, Femme-Mère-Enfants Hospital, Hospices Civils de Lyon, 69677, Bron, France
- National Reference Center for HHT, 69677, Bron, France
| | - M Beaudoin
- Genetics Department, Femme-Mère-Enfants Hospital, Hospices Civils de Lyon, 69677, Bron, France
- National Reference Center for HHT, 69677, Bron, France
| | - S Rivière
- Internal Medicine Department, CHU of Montpellier, St Eloi Hospital and Center of Clinical Investigation, INSERM, CIC 1411, 34295, Montpellier Cedex 7, France
| | - V Grobost
- Internal Medicine Department, CHU Estaing, 63100, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - M Rondeau-Lutz
- Internal Medicine Department, University Hospital of Strasbourg, 67091, Strasbourg Cedex, France
| | - O Dupuis
- Hôpital Lyon SUD, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 69100, Villeurbanne, France
- Faculty of Medicine, Lyon University, 69921, Lyon, France
| | - N Ricard
- Biosanté unit U1292, Grenoble Alpes University, INSERM, CEA, 38000, Grenoble, France
| | - E Tillet
- Biosanté unit U1292, Grenoble Alpes University, INSERM, CEA, 38000, Grenoble, France
| | - P Machillot
- Biosanté unit U1292, Grenoble Alpes University, INSERM, CEA, 38000, Grenoble, France
| | - A Salomon
- Biosanté unit U1292, Grenoble Alpes University, INSERM, CEA, 38000, Grenoble, France
| | - C Picart
- Biosanté unit U1292, Grenoble Alpes University, INSERM, CEA, 38000, Grenoble, France
| | - C Battail
- Biosanté unit U1292, Grenoble Alpes University, INSERM, CEA, 38000, Grenoble, France
| | - S Dupuis-Girod
- Biosanté unit U1292, Grenoble Alpes University, INSERM, CEA, 38000, Grenoble, France
- Genetics Department, Femme-Mère-Enfants Hospital, Hospices Civils de Lyon, 69677, Bron, France
- National Reference Center for HHT, 69677, Bron, France
| | - C Guignabert
- Faculté de Médecine, Pulmonary Hypertension: Pathophysiology and Novel Therapies, Université Paris-Saclay, 94276, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
- INSERM UMR_S 999 «Pulmonary Hypertension: Pathophysiology and Novel Therapies», Hôpital Marie Lannelongue, 92350, Le Plessis-Robinson, France
| | - A Desroches-Castan
- Biosanté unit U1292, Grenoble Alpes University, INSERM, CEA, 38000, Grenoble, France
| | - S Bailly
- Biosanté unit U1292, Grenoble Alpes University, INSERM, CEA, 38000, Grenoble, France.
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2
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Wang S, Deng X, Wu Y, Wu Y, Zhou S, Yang J, Huang Y. Understanding the pathogenesis of brain arteriovenous malformation: genetic variations, epigenetics, signaling pathways, and immune inflammation. Hum Genet 2023; 142:1633-1649. [PMID: 37768356 DOI: 10.1007/s00439-023-02605-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/10/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
Brain arteriovenous malformation (BAVM) is a rare but serious cerebrovascular disease whose pathogenesis has not been fully elucidated. Studies have found that epigenetic regulation, genetic variation and their signaling pathways, immune inflammation, may be the cause of BAVM the main reason. This review comprehensively analyzes the key pathways and inflammatory factors related to BAVMs, and explores their interplay with epigenetic regulation and genetics. Studies have found that epigenetic regulation such as DNA methylation, non-coding RNAs and m6A RNA modification can regulate endothelial cell proliferation, apoptosis, migration and damage repair of vascular malformations through different target gene pathways. Gene defects such as KRAS, ACVRL1 and EPHB4 lead to a disordered vascular environment, which may promote abnormal proliferation of blood vessels through ERK, NOTCH, mTOR, Wnt and other pathways. PDGF-B and PDGFR-β were responsible for the recruitment of vascular adventitial cells and smooth muscle cells in the extracellular matrix environment of blood vessels, and played an important role in the pathological process of BAVM. Recent single-cell sequencing data revealed the diversity of various cell types within BAVM, as well as the heterogeneous expression of vascular-associated antigens, while neutrophils, macrophages and cytokines such as IL-6, IL-1, TNF-α, and IL-17A in BAVM tissue were significantly increased. Currently, there are no specific drugs targeting BAVMs, and biomarkers for BAVM formation, bleeding, and recurrence are lacking clinically. Therefore, further studies on molecular biological mechanisms will help to gain insight into the pathogenesis of BAVM and develop potential therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiyi Wang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315010, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xinpeng Deng
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315010, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yuefei Wu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315010, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yiwen Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315010, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shengjun Zhou
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315010, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jianhong Yang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315010, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Yi Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315010, Zhejiang, China.
- Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine for Atherosclerotic Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Ningbo, 315010, Zhejiang, China.
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3
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Nakisli S, Lagares A, Nielsen CM, Cuervo H. Pericytes and vascular smooth muscle cells in central nervous system arteriovenous malformations. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1210563. [PMID: 37601628 PMCID: PMC10437819 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1210563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Previously considered passive support cells, mural cells-pericytes and vascular smooth muscle cells-have started to garner more attention in disease research, as more subclassifications, based on morphology, gene expression, and function, have been discovered. Central nervous system (CNS) arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) represent a neurovascular disorder in which mural cells have been shown to be affected, both in animal models and in human patients. To study consequences to mural cells in the context of AVMs, various animal models have been developed to mimic and predict human AVM pathologies. A key takeaway from recently published work is that AVMs and mural cells are heterogeneous in their molecular, cellular, and functional characteristics. In this review, we summarize the observed perturbations to mural cells in human CNS AVM samples and CNS AVM animal models, and we discuss various potential mechanisms relating mural cell pathologies to AVMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sera Nakisli
- Department of Biological Sciences, Ohio University, Athens, OH, United States
- Neuroscience Program, Ohio University, Athens, OH, United States
| | - Alfonso Lagares
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Surgery, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Imas12, Madrid, Spain
| | - Corinne M. Nielsen
- Department of Biological Sciences, Ohio University, Athens, OH, United States
- Neuroscience Program, Ohio University, Athens, OH, United States
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, Ohio University, Athens, OH, United States
| | - Henar Cuervo
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (F.S.P), Madrid, Spain
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Adhicary S, Fanelli K, Nakisli S, Ward B, Pearce I, Nielsen CM. Rbpj Deficiency Disrupts Vascular Remodeling via Abnormal Apelin and Cdc42 (Cell Division Cycle 42) Activity in Brain Arteriovenous Malformation. Stroke 2023; 54:1593-1605. [PMID: 37051908 PMCID: PMC10213117 DOI: 10.1161/strokeaha.122.041853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Brain arteriovenous malformations (bAVM) are characterized by enlarged blood vessels, which direct blood through arteriovenous shunts, bypassing the artery-capillary-vein network and disrupting blood flow. Clinically, bAVM treatments are invasive and not routinely applicable. There is critical need to understand mechanisms of bAVM pathologies and develop pharmacological therapies. METHODS We used an in vivo mouse model of Rbpj-mediated bAVM, which develops pathologies in the early postnatal period and an siRNA in vitro system to knockdown RBPJ in human brain microvascular endothelial cells (ECs). To understand molecular events regulated by endothelial Rbpj, we conducted RNA-Seq and chromatin immunoprecipitation-Seq analyses from isolated brain ECs. RESULTS Rbpj-deficient (mutant) brain ECs acquired abnormally rounded shape (with no change to cell area), altered basement membrane dynamics, and increased endothelial cell density along arteriovenous shunts, compared to controls, suggesting impaired remodeling of neonatal brain vasculature. Consistent with impaired endothelial cell dynamics, we found increased Cdc42 (cell division cycle 42) activity in isolated mutant ECs, suggesting that Rbpj regulates small GTPase (guanosine triphosphate hydrolase)-mediated cellular functions in brain ECs. siRNA-treated, RBPJ-deficient human brain ECs displayed increased Cdc42 activity, disrupted cell polarity and focal adhesion properties, and impaired migration in vitro. RNA-Seq analysis from isolated brain ECs identified differentially expressed genes in mutants, including Apelin, which encodes a ligand for G protein-coupled receptor signaling known to influence small GTPase activity. Chromatin immunoprecipitation-Seq analysis revealed chromatin loci occupied by Rbpj in brain ECs that corresponded to G-protein and Apelin signaling molecules. In vivo administration of a competitive peptide antagonist against the Apelin receptor (Aplnr/Apj) attenuated Cdc42 activity and restored endothelial cell morphology and arteriovenous connection diameter in Rbpj-mutant brain vessels. CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest that endothelial Rbpj promotes rearrangement of brain ECs during cerebrovascular remodeling, through Apelin/Apj-mediated small GTPase activity, and prevents bAVM. By inhibiting Apelin/Apj signaling in vivo, we demonstrated pharmacological prevention of Rbpj-mediated bAVM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subhodip Adhicary
- Department of Biological Sciences, Ohio University, Athens, OH, United States
- Translational Biomedical Sciences Program, Ohio University, Athens, OH
| | - Kayleigh Fanelli
- Department of Biological Sciences, Ohio University, Athens, OH, United States
- Neuroscience Program, Ohio University, Athens, OH
| | - Sera Nakisli
- Department of Biological Sciences, Ohio University, Athens, OH, United States
- Neuroscience Program, Ohio University, Athens, OH
| | - Brittney Ward
- Department of Biological Sciences, Ohio University, Athens, OH, United States
- Neuroscience Program, Ohio University, Athens, OH
- Honors Tutorial College, Ohio University, Athens, OH
| | - Isaac Pearce
- Department of Biological Sciences, Ohio University, Athens, OH, United States
- Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, Athens, OH
| | - Corinne M. Nielsen
- Department of Biological Sciences, Ohio University, Athens, OH, United States
- Neuroscience Program, Ohio University, Athens, OH
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, Ohio University, Athens, OH
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5
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Huang L, Cheng F, Zhang X, Zielonka J, Nystoriak MA, Xiang W, Raygor K, Wang S, Lakshmanan A, Jiang W, Yuan S, Hou KS, Zhang J, Wang X, Syed AU, Juric M, Takahashi T, Navedo MF, Wang RA. Nitric oxide synthase and reduced arterial tone contribute to arteriovenous malformation. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eade7280. [PMID: 37235659 PMCID: PMC10219588 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.ade7280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Mechanisms underlying arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) are poorly understood. Using mice with endothelial cell (EC) expression of constitutively active Notch4 (Notch4*EC), we show decreased arteriolar tone in vivo during brain AVM initiation. Reduced vascular tone is a primary effect of Notch4*EC, as isolated pial arteries from asymptomatic mice exhibited reduced pressure-induced arterial tone ex vivo. The nitric oxide (NO) synthase (NOS) inhibitor NG-nitro-l-arginine (L-NNA) corrected vascular tone defects in both assays. L-NNA treatment or endothelial NOS (eNOS) gene deletion, either globally or specifically in ECs, attenuated AVM initiation, assessed by decreased AVM diameter and delayed time to moribund. Administering nitroxide antioxidant 4-hydroxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl also attenuated AVM initiation. Increased NOS-dependent production of hydrogen peroxide, but not NO, superoxide, or peroxynitrite was detected in isolated Notch4*EC brain vessels during AVM initiation. Our data suggest that eNOS is involved in Notch4*EC-mediated AVM formation by up-regulating hydrogen peroxide and reducing vascular tone, thereby permitting AVM initiation and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lawrence Huang
- Laboratory for Accelerated Vascular Research, Department of Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Feng Cheng
- Laboratory for Accelerated Vascular Research, Department of Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Xuetao Zhang
- Laboratory for Accelerated Vascular Research, Department of Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Jacek Zielonka
- Free Radical Research Laboratory, Department of Biophysics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Matthew A. Nystoriak
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Weiwei Xiang
- Laboratory for Accelerated Vascular Research, Department of Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Kunal Raygor
- Laboratory for Accelerated Vascular Research, Department of Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Shaoxun Wang
- Laboratory for Accelerated Vascular Research, Department of Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Aditya Lakshmanan
- Laboratory for Accelerated Vascular Research, Department of Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Weiya Jiang
- Laboratory for Accelerated Vascular Research, Department of Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Sai Yuan
- Laboratory for Accelerated Vascular Research, Department of Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Kevin S. Hou
- Laboratory for Accelerated Vascular Research, Department of Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Jiayi Zhang
- Laboratory for Accelerated Vascular Research, Department of Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Xitao Wang
- Laboratory for Accelerated Vascular Research, Department of Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Arsalan U. Syed
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Matea Juric
- Free Radical Research Laboratory, Department of Biophysics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Takamune Takahashi
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Manuel F. Navedo
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Rong A. Wang
- Laboratory for Accelerated Vascular Research, Department of Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
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6
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Wälchli T, Bisschop J, Carmeliet P, Zadeh G, Monnier PP, De Bock K, Radovanovic I. Shaping the brain vasculature in development and disease in the single-cell era. Nat Rev Neurosci 2023; 24:271-298. [PMID: 36941369 PMCID: PMC10026800 DOI: 10.1038/s41583-023-00684-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2023]
Abstract
The CNS critically relies on the formation and proper function of its vasculature during development, adult homeostasis and disease. Angiogenesis - the formation of new blood vessels - is highly active during brain development, enters almost complete quiescence in the healthy adult brain and is reactivated in vascular-dependent brain pathologies such as brain vascular malformations and brain tumours. Despite major advances in the understanding of the cellular and molecular mechanisms driving angiogenesis in peripheral tissues, developmental signalling pathways orchestrating angiogenic processes in the healthy and the diseased CNS remain incompletely understood. Molecular signalling pathways of the 'neurovascular link' defining common mechanisms of nerve and vessel wiring have emerged as crucial regulators of peripheral vascular growth, but their relevance for angiogenesis in brain development and disease remains largely unexplored. Here we review the current knowledge of general and CNS-specific mechanisms of angiogenesis during brain development and in brain vascular malformations and brain tumours, including how key molecular signalling pathways are reactivated in vascular-dependent diseases. We also discuss how these topics can be studied in the single-cell multi-omics era.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Wälchli
- Group of CNS Angiogenesis and Neurovascular Link, Neuroscience Center Zurich, and Division of Neurosurgery, University and University Hospital Zurich, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH) Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
- Division of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
- Group of Brain Vasculature and Perivascular Niche, Division of Experimental and Translational Neuroscience, Krembil Brain Institute, Krembil Research Institute, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, Toronto Western Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada.
| | - Jeroen Bisschop
- Group of CNS Angiogenesis and Neurovascular Link, Neuroscience Center Zurich, and Division of Neurosurgery, University and University Hospital Zurich, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH) Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Division of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Group of Brain Vasculature and Perivascular Niche, Division of Experimental and Translational Neuroscience, Krembil Brain Institute, Krembil Research Institute, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, Toronto Western Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Peter Carmeliet
- Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Center for Cancer Biology, VIB & Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
- Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Heterogeneity, Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Gelareh Zadeh
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, Toronto Western Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Philippe P Monnier
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Donald K. Johnson Research Institute, Krembil Research Institute, Krembil Discovery Tower, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Katrien De Bock
- Laboratory of Exercise and Health, Department of Health Science and Technology, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH) Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Ivan Radovanovic
- Group of Brain Vasculature and Perivascular Niche, Division of Experimental and Translational Neuroscience, Krembil Brain Institute, Krembil Research Institute, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, Toronto Western Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
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7
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Hasan SS, Fischer A. Notch Signaling in the Vasculature: Angiogenesis and Angiocrine Functions. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med 2023; 13:cshperspect.a041166. [PMID: 35667708 PMCID: PMC9899647 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a041166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Formation of a functional blood vessel network is a complex process tightly controlled by pro- and antiangiogenic signals released within the local microenvironment or delivered through the bloodstream. Endothelial cells precisely integrate such temporal and spatial changes in extracellular signals and generate an orchestrated response by modulating signaling transduction, gene expression, and metabolism. A key regulator in vessel formation is Notch signaling, which controls endothelial cell specification, proliferation, migration, adhesion, and arteriovenous differentiation. This review summarizes the molecular biology of endothelial Notch signaling and how it controls angiogenesis and maintenance of the established, quiescent vasculature. In addition, recent progress in the understanding of Notch signaling in endothelial cells for controlling organ homeostasis by transcriptional regulation of angiocrine factors and its relevance to disease will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sana S Hasan
- Division Vascular Signaling and Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Andreas Fischer
- Division Vascular Signaling and Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.,Institute for Clinical Chemistry, University Medical Center Göttingen, 37075 Göttingen, Germany.,European Center for Angioscience (ECAS), Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
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8
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Nielsen CM, Zhang X, Raygor K, Wang S, Bollen AW, Wang RA. Endothelial Rbpj deletion normalizes Notch4-induced brain arteriovenous malformation in mice. J Exp Med 2022; 220:213722. [PMID: 36441145 PMCID: PMC9700524 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20211390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Revised: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Upregulation of Notch signaling is associated with brain arteriovenous malformation (bAVM), a disease that lacks pharmacological treatments. Tetracycline (tet)-regulatable endothelial expression of constitutively active Notch4 (Notch4*tetEC) from birth induced bAVMs in 100% of mice by P16. To test whether targeting downstream signaling, while sustaining the causal Notch4*tetEC expression, induces AVM normalization, we deleted Rbpj, a mediator of Notch signaling, in endothelium from P16, by combining tet-repressible Notch4*tetEC with tamoxifen-inducible Rbpj deletion. Established pathologies, including AV connection diameter, AV shunting, vessel tortuosity, intracerebral hemorrhage, tissue hypoxia, life expectancy, and arterial marker expression were improved, compared with Notch4*tetEC mice without Rbpj deletion. Similarly, Rbpj deletion from P21 induced advanced bAVM regression. After complete AVM normalization induced by repression of Notch4*tetEC, virtually no bAVM relapsed, despite Notch4*tetEC re-expression in adults. Thus, inhibition of endothelial Rbpj halted Notch4*tetEC bAVM progression, normalized bAVM abnormalities, and restored microcirculation, providing proof of concept for targeting a downstream mediator to treat AVM pathologies despite a sustained causal molecular lesion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corinne M. Nielsen
- Laboratory for Accelerated Vascular Research, Department of Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Xuetao Zhang
- Laboratory for Accelerated Vascular Research, Department of Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Kunal Raygor
- Laboratory for Accelerated Vascular Research, Department of Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Shaoxun Wang
- Laboratory for Accelerated Vascular Research, Department of Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Andrew W. Bollen
- Department of Pathology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Rong A. Wang
- Laboratory for Accelerated Vascular Research, Department of Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA,Correspondence to Rong A. Wang:
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9
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Han C, Lang MJ, Nguyen CL, Luna Melendez E, Mehta S, Turner GH, Lawton MT, Oh SP. Novel experimental model of brain arteriovenous malformations using conditional Alk1 gene deletion in transgenic mice. J Neurosurg 2022; 137:163-174. [PMID: 34740197 DOI: 10.3171/2021.6.jns21717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia is the only condition associated with multiple inherited brain arteriovenous malformations (AVMs). Therefore, a mouse model was developed with a genetics-based approach that conditionally deleted the causative activin receptor-like kinase 1 (Acvrl1 or Alk1) gene. Radiographic and histopathological findings were correlated, and AVM stability and hemorrhagic behavior over time were examined. METHODS Alk1-floxed mice were crossed with deleter mice to generate offspring in which both copies of the Alk1 gene were deleted by Tagln-Cre to form brain AVMs in the mice. AVMs were characterized using MRI, MRA, and DSA. Brain AVMs were characterized histopathologically with latex dye perfusion, immunofluorescence, and Prussian blue staining. RESULTS Brains of 55 Tagln-Cre+;Alk12f/2f mutant mice were categorized into three groups: no detectable vascular lesions (group 1; 23 of 55, 42%), arteriovenous fistulas (AVFs) with no nidus (group 2; 10 of 55, 18%), and nidal AVMs (group 3; 22 of 55, 40%). Microhemorrhage was observed on MRI or MRA in 11 AVMs (50%). AVMs had the angiographic hallmarks of early nidus opacification, a tangle of arteries and dilated draining veins, and rapid shunting of blood flow. Latex dye perfusion confirmed arteriovenous shunting in all AVMs and AVFs. Microhemorrhages were detected adjacent to AVFs and AVMs, visualized by iron deposition, Prussian blue staining, and macrophage infiltration using CD68 immunostaining. Brain AVMs were stable on serial MRI and MRA in group 3 mice (mean age at initial imaging 2.9 months; mean age at last imaging 9.5 months). CONCLUSIONS Approximately 40% of transgenic mice satisfied the requirements of a stable experimental AVM model by replicating nidal anatomy, arteriovenous hemodynamics, and microhemorrhagic behavior. Transgenic mice with AVFs had a recognizable phenotype of hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia but were less suitable for experimental modeling. AVM pathogenesis can be understood as the combination of conditional Alk1 gene deletion during embryogenesis and angiogenesis that is hyperactive in developing and newborn mice, which translates to a congenital origin in most patients but an acquired condition in patients with a confluence of genetic and angiogenic events later in life. This study offers a novel experimental brain AVM model for future studies of AVM pathophysiology, growth, rupture, and therapeutic regression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chul Han
- 1Barrow Aneurysm and AVM Research Center, Department of Translational Neuroscience, Barrow Neurological Institute, St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix
| | | | - Candice L Nguyen
- 1Barrow Aneurysm and AVM Research Center, Department of Translational Neuroscience, Barrow Neurological Institute, St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix
| | - Ernesto Luna Melendez
- 3Ivy Brain Tumor Center, Department of Translational Neuroscience, Barrow Neurological Institute, St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, Arizona
| | - Shwetal Mehta
- 3Ivy Brain Tumor Center, Department of Translational Neuroscience, Barrow Neurological Institute, St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, Arizona
| | - Gregory H Turner
- 4Neuroimaging, Barrow Neurological Institute, St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix; and
| | - Michael T Lawton
- 1Barrow Aneurysm and AVM Research Center, Department of Translational Neuroscience, Barrow Neurological Institute, St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix
- Departments of2Neurosurgery and
| | - S Paul Oh
- 1Barrow Aneurysm and AVM Research Center, Department of Translational Neuroscience, Barrow Neurological Institute, St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix
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10
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Genetics and Vascular Biology of Brain Vascular Malformations. Stroke 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-323-69424-7.00012-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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11
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Rivera R, Cruz JP, Merino-Osorio C, Rouchaud A, Mounayer C. Brain arteriovenous malformations: A scoping review of experimental models. INTERDISCIPLINARY NEUROSURGERY 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.inat.2021.101200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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12
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Abstract
The Notch signalling pathway is one of the main regulators of endothelial biology. In the last 20 years the critical function of Notch has been uncovered in the context of angiogenesis, participating in tip-stalk specification, arterial-venous differentiation, vessel stabilization, and maturation processes. Importantly, pharmacological compounds targeting distinct members of the Notch signalling pathway have been used in the clinics for cancer therapy. However, the underlying mechanisms that support the variety of outcomes triggered by Notch in apparently opposite contexts such as angiogenesis and vascular homeostasis remain unknown. In recent years, advances in -omics technologies together with mosaic analysis and high molecular, cellular and temporal resolution studies have allowed a better understanding of the mechanisms driven by the Notch signalling pathway in different endothelial contexts. In this review we will focus on the main findings that revisit the role of Notch signalling in vascular biology. We will also discuss potential future directions and technologies that will shed light on the puzzling role of Notch during endothelial growth and homeostasis. Addressing these open questions may allow the improvement and development of therapeutic strategies based on modulation of the Notch signalling pathway.
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13
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Giarretta I, Sturiale CL, Gatto I, Pacioni S, Gaetani E, Porfidia A, Puca A, Palucci I, Tondi P, Olivi A, Pallini R, Pola R. Sonic hedgehog is expressed in human brain arteriovenous malformations and induces arteriovenous malformations in vivo. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2021; 41:324-335. [PMID: 32169015 PMCID: PMC8369994 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x20912405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abnormalities in arterial versus venous endothelial cell identity and dysregulation of angiogenesis are deemed important in the pathophysiology of brain arteriovenous malformations (AVMs). The Sonic hedgehog (Shh) pathway is crucial for both angiogenesis and arterial versus venous differentiation of endothelial cells, through its dual role on the vascular endothelial growth factor/Notch signaling and the nuclear orphan receptor COUP-TFII. In this study, we show that Shh, Gli1 (the main transcription factor of the Shh pathway), and COUP-TFII (a target of the non-canonical Shh pathway) are aberrantly expressed in human brain AVMs. We also show that implantation of pellets containing Shh in the cornea of Efnb2/LacZ mice induces growth of distinct arteries and veins, interconnected by complex sets of arteriovenous shunts, without an interposed capillary bed, as seen in AVMs. We also demonstrate that injection in the rat brain of a plasmid containing the human Shh gene induces the growth of tangles of tortuous and dilated vessels, in part positive and in part negative for the arterial marker αSMA, with direct connections between αSMA-positive and -negative vessels. In summary, we show that the Shh pathway is active in human brain AVMs and that Shh-induced angiogenesis has characteristics reminiscent of those seen in AVMs in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor Giarretta
- Department of Medicine, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Carmelo L Sturiale
- Division of Neurosurgery, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Ilaria Gatto
- Department of Medicine, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Simone Pacioni
- Division of Neurosurgery, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Eleonora Gaetani
- Department of Medicine, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Angelo Porfidia
- Department of Medicine, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Alfredo Puca
- Division of Neurosurgery, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Ivana Palucci
- Istitute of Microbiology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Paolo Tondi
- Department of Medicine, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandro Olivi
- Division of Neurosurgery, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Roberto Pallini
- Division of Neurosurgery, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Roberto Pola
- Department of Medicine, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy.,Division of Cardiovascular Research, St. Elizabeth's Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
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14
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Abstract
The complex development of the brain vascular system can be broken down by embryonic stages and anatomic locations, which are tightly regulated by different factors and pathways in time and spatially. The adult brain is relatively quiescent in angiogenesis. However, under disease conditions, such as trauma, stroke, or tumor, angiogenesis can be activated in the adult brain. Disruption of any of the factors or pathways may lead to malformed vessel development. In this chapter, we will discuss factors and pathways involved in normal brain vasculogenesis and vascular maturation, and the pathogenesis of several brain vascular malformations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Yao
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Sonali S Shaligram
- Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Care, Center for Cerebrovascular Research, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Hua Su
- Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Care, Center for Cerebrovascular Research, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States.
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15
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Healy V, O'Halloran PJ, Husien MB, Bolger C, Farrell M. Intermixed arteriovenous malformation and hemangioblastoma: case report and literature review. CNS Oncol 2020; 9:CNS66. [PMID: 33244995 PMCID: PMC7737198 DOI: 10.2217/cns-2020-0021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
We report the third presentation of an intermixed arteriovenous malformation and hemangioblastoma. The rare occurrence of the diagnostic histologic features of both a neoplasm and vascular malformation in a single lesion is more common in gliomas, as angioglioma, and is termed an 'intermixed' lesion. We review the literature concerning the developmental biology of each lesion, and potential interplay in the formation of an intermixed vascular neoplasm and vascular malformation. The roles of cellular origin, genetic susceptibility, favourable microenvironment, altered local gene expression and key regulatory pathways are reviewed. Our review supports angiography and genetic profiling in intermixed lesions to inform management strategies. Consideration should be given to multimodality therapeutic interventions as required, including microsurgical resection, stereotactic radiosurgery and further research to exploit emerging molecular targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Healy
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
- Department of Neuroscience, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Philip J O'Halloran
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
- Department of Neuroscience, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | | | - Ciaran Bolger
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
- Department of Neuroscience, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Michael Farrell
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
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16
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Hwan Kim Y, Vu PN, Choe SW, Jeon CJ, Arthur HM, Vary CPH, Lee YJ, Oh SP. Overexpression of Activin Receptor-Like Kinase 1 in Endothelial Cells Suppresses Development of Arteriovenous Malformations in Mouse Models of Hereditary Hemorrhagic Telangiectasia. Circ Res 2020; 127:1122-1137. [PMID: 32762495 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.119.316267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT) is a genetic disease caused by mutations in ENG, ALK1, or SMAD4. Since proteins from all 3 HHT genes are components of signal transduction of TGF-β (transforming growth factor β) family members, it has been hypothesized that HHT is a disease caused by defects in the ENG-ALK1-SMAD4 linear signaling. However, in vivo evidence supporting this hypothesis is scarce. OBJECTIVE We tested this hypothesis and investigated the therapeutic effects and potential risks of induced-ALK1 or -ENG overexpression (OE) for HHT. METHODS AND RESULTS We generated a novel mouse allele (ROSA26Alk1) in which HA (human influenza hemagglutinin)-tagged ALK1 and bicistronic eGFP expression are induced by Cre activity. We examined whether ALK1-OE using the ROSA26Alk1 allele could suppress the development of arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) in wounded adult skin and developing retinas of Alk1- and Eng-inducible knockout (iKO) mice. We also used a similar approach to investigate whether ENG-OE could rescue AVMs. Biochemical and immunofluorescence analyses confirmed the Cre-dependent OE of the ALK1-HA transgene. We could not detect any pathological signs in ALK1-OE mice up to 3 months after induction. ALK1-OE prevented the development of retinal AVMs and wound-induced skin AVMs in Eng-iKO as well as Alk1-iKO mice. ALK1-OE normalized expression of SMAD and NOTCH target genes in ENG-deficient endothelial cells (ECs) and restored the effect of BMP9 (bone morphogenetic protein 9) on suppression of phosphor-AKT levels in these endothelial cells. On the other hand, ENG-OE could not inhibit the AVM development in Alk1-iKO models. CONCLUSIONS These data support the notion that ENG and ALK1 form a linear signaling pathway for the formation of a proper arteriovenous network during angiogenesis. We suggest that ALK1 OE or activation can be an effective therapeutic strategy for HHT. Further research is required to study whether this therapy could be translated into treatment for humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Hwan Kim
- Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville (Y.H.K., S.-w.C., S.P.O.).,Department of Neurobiology, Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, AZ (Y.H.K., S.P.O.)
| | - Phuong-Nhung Vu
- Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University, Incheon, Republic of Korea (N.V.P., Y.J.L.)
| | - Se-Woon Choe
- Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville (Y.H.K., S.-w.C., S.P.O.).,Department of Medical IT Convergence Engineering, Kumoh National Institute of Technology, Gumi, Republic of Korea (S.-w.C.)
| | - Chang-Jin Jeon
- Department of Biology, College of Natural Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea (C.J.J.)
| | - Helen M Arthur
- Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, United Kingdom (H.M.A.)
| | - Calvin P H Vary
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Scarborough (C.P.V.)
| | - Young Jae Lee
- Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University, Incheon, Republic of Korea (N.V.P., Y.J.L.)
| | - S Paul Oh
- Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville (Y.H.K., S.-w.C., S.P.O.).,Department of Neurobiology, Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, AZ (Y.H.K., S.P.O.)
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17
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Qiao C, Richter GT, Pan W, Jin Y, Lin X. Extracranial arteriovenous malformations: from bedside to bench. Mutagenesis 2020; 34:299-306. [PMID: 31613971 DOI: 10.1093/mutage/gez028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2018] [Accepted: 09/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Arteriovenous malformation (AVM) is defined as a fast-flow vascular anomaly that shunts blood from arteries directly to veins. This short circuit of blood flow contributes to progressive expansion of draining veins, resulting in ischaemia, tissue deformation and in some severe cases, congestive heart failure. Various medical interventions have been employed to treat AVM, however, management of which remains a huge challenge because of its high recurrence rate and lethal complications. Thus, understanding the underlying mechanisms of AVM development and progression will help direct discovery and a potential cure. Here, we summarize current findings in the field of extracranial AVMs with the aim to provide insight into their aetiology and molecular influences, in the hope to pave the way for future treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Congzhen Qiao
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Gresham T Richter
- Center for Investigation of Congenital Anomalies of Vascular Development, Arkansas Vascular Biology Program, Arkansas Children's Hospital, Little Rock, AR, USA.,Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA.,Division of Pediatric Otolaryngology, Arkansas Children's Hospital, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Weijun Pan
- Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yunbo Jin
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoxi Lin
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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18
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Wang LJ, Xue Y, Huo R, Yan Z, Xu H, Li H, Wang J, Zhang Q, Cao Y, Zhao JZ. N6-methyladenosine methyltransferase METTL3 affects the phenotype of cerebral arteriovenous malformation via modulating Notch signaling pathway. J Biomed Sci 2020; 27:62. [PMID: 32384926 PMCID: PMC7210675 DOI: 10.1186/s12929-020-00655-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Cerebral arteriovenous malformation (AVM) is a serious life-threatening congenital cerebrovascular disease. Specific anatomical features, such as nidus size, location, and venous drainage, have been validated to affect treatment outcomes. Until recently, molecular biomarkers and corresponding molecular mechanism related to anatomical features and treatment outcomes remain unknown. Methods RNA N6-methyladenosine (m6A) Methyltransferase METTL3 was identified as a differentially expressed gene in groups with different lesion sizes by analyzing the transcriptome sequencing (RNA-seq) data. Tube formation and wound healing assays were performed to investigate the effect of METTL3 on angiogenesis. In addition, Methylated RNA Immunoprecipitation Sequencing technology (MeRIP-seq) was performed to screen downstream targets of METTL3 in endothelial cells and to fully clarify the specific underlying molecular mechanisms affecting the phenotype of cerebral AVM. Results In the current study, we found that the expression level of METTL3 was reduced in the larger pathological tissues of cerebral AVMs. Moreover, knockdown of METTL3 significantly affected angiogenesis of the human endothelial cells. Mechanistically, down-regulation of METTL3 reduced the level of heterodimeric Notch E3 ubiquitin ligase formed by DTX1 and DTX3L, thereby continuously activating the Notch signaling pathway. Ultimately, the up-regulated downstream genes of Notch signaling pathway dramatically affected the angiogenesis of endothelial cells. In addition, we demonstrated that blocking Notch pathway with DAPT could restore the phenotype of METTL3 deficient endothelial cells. Conclusions Our findings revealed the mechanism by which m6A modification regulated the angiogenesis and might provide potential biomarkers to predict the outcome of treatment, as well as provide suitable pharmacological targets for preventing the formation and progression of cerebral AVM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin-Jian Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, No.119 South 4th Ring West Road, Fengtai District, Beijing, 100070, China.,China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China.,Savaid Medical School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yimeng Xue
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, No.119 South 4th Ring West Road, Fengtai District, Beijing, 100070, China.,China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China.,Savaid Medical School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Ran Huo
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, No.119 South 4th Ring West Road, Fengtai District, Beijing, 100070, China.,China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China.,Center of Stroke, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine for Cerebrovascular Disease, Beijing, China
| | - Zihan Yan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, No.119 South 4th Ring West Road, Fengtai District, Beijing, 100070, China.,China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China.,Center of Stroke, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine for Cerebrovascular Disease, Beijing, China
| | - Hongyuan Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, No.119 South 4th Ring West Road, Fengtai District, Beijing, 100070, China.,China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China.,Center of Stroke, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine for Cerebrovascular Disease, Beijing, China
| | - Hao Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, No.119 South 4th Ring West Road, Fengtai District, Beijing, 100070, China.,China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China.,Center of Stroke, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine for Cerebrovascular Disease, Beijing, China
| | - Jia Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, No.119 South 4th Ring West Road, Fengtai District, Beijing, 100070, China.,China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China.,Center of Stroke, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine for Cerebrovascular Disease, Beijing, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, No.119 South 4th Ring West Road, Fengtai District, Beijing, 100070, China.,China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China.,Center of Stroke, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine for Cerebrovascular Disease, Beijing, China
| | - Yong Cao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, No.119 South 4th Ring West Road, Fengtai District, Beijing, 100070, China. .,China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China. .,Center of Stroke, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China. .,Beijing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine for Cerebrovascular Disease, Beijing, China.
| | - Ji-Zong Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, No.119 South 4th Ring West Road, Fengtai District, Beijing, 100070, China. .,China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, China. .,Savaid Medical School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China. .,Center of Stroke, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China. .,Beijing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine for Cerebrovascular Disease, Beijing, China.
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19
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Ota T, Komiyama M. Pathogenesis of non-hereditary brain arteriovenous malformation and therapeutic implications. Interv Neuroradiol 2020; 26:244-253. [PMID: 32024399 DOI: 10.1177/1591019920901931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Brain arteriovenous malformations have a high risk of intracranial hemorrhage, which is a substantial cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with brain arteriovenous malformations. Although a variety of genetic factors leading to hereditary brain arteriovenous malformations have been extensively investigated, their pathogenesis is still not well elucidated, especially in sporadic brain arteriovenous malformations. The authors have reviewed the updated data of not only the genetic aspects of sporadic brain arteriovenous malformations, but also the architecture of microvasculature, the roles of the angiogenic factors, and the signaling pathways. This knowledge may allow us to infer the pathogenesis of sporadic brain arteriovenous malformations and develop pre-emptive treatments for them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahiro Ota
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tokyo Metropolitan Tama Medical Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masaki Komiyama
- Department of Neurointervention, Osaka City General Hospital, Osaka, Japan
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20
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Rozhchenko LV. [Molecular mechanisms of growth and relapse of cerebral arteriovenous malformations]. ZHURNAL VOPROSY NEIROKHIRURGII IMENI N. N. BURDENKO 2020; 84:94-100. [PMID: 32207748 DOI: 10.17116/neiro20208401194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Cerebral AVMs are not static congenital formations, they may grow, recur, and even appear de novo after complete resection, embolization, or radiosurgery. The author analyzes modern literature on the molecular mechanisms of AVM growth. The AVM intranidal vessels are exposed to abnormally high blood flows, which leads to the activation of molecular pathways in endothelial cells, causing proliferation and remodeling of AVM vessels. The existence of cerebral AVM is determined by more than 860 genes, the most important among them are the genetic mutations (SNPs) of VEGF, TGF-β, IL-6, MMP, ANG, ENG. The possible causes of AVM relapse after removal or total embolization are described, as well as the mechanisms of stimulation of angiogenesis after partial embolization: hemodynamic changes in AVM, aseptic inflammation in response to embolizate and the local regional hypoxia inside the AVM. In response to this, growth factors are expressed in the endothelium that further stimulate angiogenesis in AVM. Understanding the complex molecular biology of AVMs is critical to identifying and predicting their behavior, developing new treatments that improve the results of endovascular and surgical treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- L V Rozhchenko
- A.L. Polenov Russian Neurosurgical Research Institute - branch of V.A. Almazov National Medical Research Center, St. Petersburg, Russia
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21
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Yao J, Wu X, Zhang D, Wang L, Zhang L, Reynolds EX, Hernandez C, Boström KI, Yao Y. Elevated endothelial Sox2 causes lumen disruption and cerebral arteriovenous malformations. J Clin Invest 2019; 129:3121-3133. [PMID: 31232700 DOI: 10.1172/jci125965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2018] [Accepted: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Lumen integrity in vascularization requires fully differentiated endothelial cells (ECs). Here, we report that endothelial-mesenchymal transitions (EndMTs) emerged in ECs of cerebral arteriovenous malformation (AVMs) and caused disruption of the lumen or lumen disorder. We show that excessive Sry-box 2 (Sox2) signaling was responsible for the EndMTs in cerebral AVMs. EC-specific suppression of Sox2 normalized endothelial differentiation and lumen formation and improved the cerebral AVMs. Epigenetic studies showed that induction of Sox2 altered the cerebral-endothelial transcriptional landscape and identified jumonji domain-containing protein 5 (JMJD5) as a direct target of Sox2. Sox2 interacted with JMJD5 to induce EndMTs in cerebral ECs. Furthermore, we utilized a high-throughput system to identify the β-adrenergic antagonist pronethalol as an inhibitor of Sox2 expression. Treatment with pronethalol stabilized endothelial differentiation and lumen formation, which limited the cerebral AVMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayi Yao
- Division of Cardiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Xiuju Wu
- Division of Cardiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Daoqin Zhang
- Division of Cardiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Lumin Wang
- Division of Cardiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA.,Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Division of Cardiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Eric X Reynolds
- Division of Cardiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Carlos Hernandez
- Division of Cardiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Kristina I Boström
- Division of Cardiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA.,The Molecular Biology Institute at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Yucheng Yao
- Division of Cardiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
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22
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Dogan SN, Bagcilar O, Mammadov T, Kizilkilic O, Islak C, Kocer N. De Novo Development of a Cerebral Arteriovenous Malformation: Case Report and Review of the Literature. World Neurosurg 2019; 126:257-260. [DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2019.02.226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2018] [Revised: 02/24/2019] [Accepted: 02/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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23
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Alabi RO, Farber G, Blobel CP. Intriguing Roles for Endothelial ADAM10/Notch Signaling in the Development of Organ-Specific Vascular Beds. Physiol Rev 2019; 98:2025-2061. [PMID: 30067156 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00029.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The vasculature is a remarkably interesting, complex, and interconnected organ. It provides a conduit for oxygen and nutrients, filtration of waste products, and rapid communication between organs. Much remains to be learned about the specialized vascular beds that fulfill these diverse, yet vital functions. This review was prompted by the discovery that Notch signaling in mouse endothelial cells is crucial for the development of specialized vascular beds found in the heart, kidneys, liver, intestines, and bone. We will address the intriguing questions raised by the role of Notch signaling and that of its regulator, the metalloprotease ADAM10, in the development of specialized vascular beds. We will cover fundamentals of ADAM10/Notch signaling, the concept of Notch-dependent cell fate decisions, and how these might govern the development of organ-specific vascular beds through angiogenesis or vasculogenesis. We will also consider common features of the affected vessels, including the presence of fenestra or sinusoids and their occurrence in portal systems with two consecutive capillary beds. We hope to stimulate further discussion and study of the role of ADAM10/Notch signaling in the development of specialized vascular structures, which might help uncover new targets for the repair of vascular beds damaged in conditions like coronary artery disease and glomerulonephritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rolake O Alabi
- Weill Cornell/Rockefeller/Sloan-Kettering Tri-Institutional MD-PhD Program, New York, New York ; Arthritis and Tissue Degeneration Program, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, New York ; Department of Physiology, Biophysics and Systems Biology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York ; Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York ; and Institute for Advanced Study, Technical University Munich , Munich , Germany
| | - Gregory Farber
- Weill Cornell/Rockefeller/Sloan-Kettering Tri-Institutional MD-PhD Program, New York, New York ; Arthritis and Tissue Degeneration Program, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, New York ; Department of Physiology, Biophysics and Systems Biology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York ; Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York ; and Institute for Advanced Study, Technical University Munich , Munich , Germany
| | - Carl P Blobel
- Weill Cornell/Rockefeller/Sloan-Kettering Tri-Institutional MD-PhD Program, New York, New York ; Arthritis and Tissue Degeneration Program, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, New York ; Department of Physiology, Biophysics and Systems Biology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York ; Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York ; and Institute for Advanced Study, Technical University Munich , Munich , Germany
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24
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Laakkonen JP, Lähteenvuo J, Jauhiainen S, Heikura T, Ylä-Herttuala S. Beyond endothelial cells: Vascular endothelial growth factors in heart, vascular anomalies and placenta. Vascul Pharmacol 2018; 112:91-101. [PMID: 30342234 DOI: 10.1016/j.vph.2018.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2018] [Revised: 10/16/2018] [Accepted: 10/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Vascular endothelial growth factors regulate vascular and lymphatic growth. Dysregulation of VEGF signaling is connected to many pathological states, including hemangiomas, arteriovenous malformations and placental abnormalities. In heart, VEGF gene transfer induces myocardial angiogenesis. Besides vascular and lymphatic endothelial cells, VEGFs affect multiple other cell types. Understanding VEGF biology and its paracrine signaling properties will offer new targets for novel treatments of several diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna P Laakkonen
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.
| | - Johanna Lähteenvuo
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Suvi Jauhiainen
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Tommi Heikura
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Seppo Ylä-Herttuala
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland; Science Service Center, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland; Gene Therapy Unit, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
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25
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The pial vasculature of the mouse develops according to a sensory-independent program. Sci Rep 2018; 8:9860. [PMID: 29959346 PMCID: PMC6026131 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-27910-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2018] [Accepted: 06/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The cerebral vasculature is organized to supply the brain’s metabolic needs. Sensory deprivation during the early postnatal period causes altered neural activity and lower metabolic demand. Neural activity is instructional for some aspects of vascular development, and deprivation causes changes in capillary density in the deprived brain region. However, it is not known if the pial arteriole network, which contains many leptomeningeal anastomoses (LMAs) that endow the network with redundancy against occlusions, is also affected by sensory deprivation. We quantified the effects of early-life sensory deprivation via whisker plucking on the densities of LMAs and penetrating arterioles (PAs) in anatomically-identified primary sensory regions (vibrissae cortex, forelimb/hindlimb cortex, visual cortex and auditory cortex) in mice. We found that the densities of penetrating arterioles were the same across cortical regions, though the hindlimb representation had a higher density of LMAs than other sensory regions. We found that the densities of PAs and LMAs, as well as quantitative measures of network topology, were not affected by sensory deprivation. Our results show that the postnatal development of the pial arterial network is robust to sensory deprivation.
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26
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Jarzabek MA, Proctor WR, Vogt J, Desai R, Dicker P, Cain G, Raja R, Brodbeck J, Stevens D, van der Stok EP, Martens JWM, Verhoef C, Hegde PS, Byrne AT, Tarrant JM. Interrogation of transcriptomic changes associated with drug-induced hepatic sinusoidal dilatation in colorectal cancer. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0198099. [PMID: 29879147 PMCID: PMC5991753 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0198099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2017] [Accepted: 05/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Drug-related sinusoidal dilatation (SD) is a common form of hepatotoxicity associated with oxaliplatin-based chemotherapy used prior to resection of colorectal liver metastases (CRLM). Recently, hepatic SD has also been associated with anti-delta like 4 (DLL4) cancer therapies targeting the NOTCH pathway. To investigate the hypothesis that NOTCH signaling plays an important role in drug-induced SD, gene expression changes were examined in livers from anti-DLL4 and oxaliplatin-induced SD in non-human primate (NHP) and patients, respectively. Putative mechanistic biomarkers of bevacizumab (bev)-mediated protection against oxaliplatin-induced SD were also investigated. RNA was extracted from whole liver sections or centrilobular regions by laser-capture microdissection (LCM) obtained from NHP administered anti-DLL4 fragment antigen-binding (F(ab’)2 or patients with CRLM receiving oxaliplatin-based chemotherapy with or without bev. mRNA expression was quantified using high-throughput real-time quantitative PCR. Significance analysis was used to identify genes with differential expression patterns (false discovery rate (FDR) < 0.05). Eleven (CCL2, CCND1, EFNB2, ERG, ICAM1, IL16, LFNG, NOTCH1, NOTCH4, PRDX1, and TGFB1) and six (CDH5, EFNB2, HES1, IL16, MIK67, HES1 and VWF) candidate genes were differentially expressed in the liver of anti-DLL4- and oxaliplatin-induced SD, respectively. Addition of bev to oxaliplatin-based chemotherapy resulted in differential changes in hepatic CDH5, HEY1, IL16, JAG1, MMP9, NOTCH4 and TIMP1 expression. This work implicates NOTCH and IL16 pathways in the pathogenesis of drug-induced SD and further explains the hepato-protective effect of bev in oxaliplatin-induced SD observed in CRLM patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika A. Jarzabek
- Department of Physiology and Medical Physics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - William R. Proctor
- Department of Safety Assessment, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Jennifer Vogt
- Department of Safety Assessment, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Rupal Desai
- Department of Oncology Biomarker Development, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Patrick Dicker
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Gary Cain
- Department of Safety Assessment, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Rajiv Raja
- Department of Oncology Biomarker Development, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Jens Brodbeck
- Department of Safety Assessment, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Dale Stevens
- Department of Safety Assessment, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | | | | | - Cornelis Verhoef
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Priti S. Hegde
- Department of Oncology Biomarker Development, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Annette T. Byrne
- Department of Physiology and Medical Physics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Jacqueline M. Tarrant
- Department of Safety Assessment, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, California, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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27
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Nikolaev SI, Vetiska S, Bonilla X, Boudreau E, Jauhiainen S, Rezai Jahromi B, Khyzha N, DiStefano PV, Suutarinen S, Kiehl TR, Mendes Pereira V, Herman AM, Krings T, Andrade-Barazarte H, Tung T, Valiante T, Zadeh G, Tymianski M, Rauramaa T, Ylä-Herttuala S, Wythe JD, Antonarakis SE, Frösen J, Fish JE, Radovanovic I. Somatic Activating KRAS Mutations in Arteriovenous Malformations of the Brain. N Engl J Med 2018; 378:250-261. [PMID: 29298116 PMCID: PMC8161530 DOI: 10.1056/nejmoa1709449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 289] [Impact Index Per Article: 48.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sporadic arteriovenous malformations of the brain, which are morphologically abnormal connections between arteries and veins in the brain vasculature, are a leading cause of hemorrhagic stroke in young adults and children. The genetic cause of this rare focal disorder is unknown. METHODS We analyzed tissue and blood samples from patients with arteriovenous malformations of the brain to detect somatic mutations. We performed exome DNA sequencing of tissue samples of arteriovenous malformations of the brain from 26 patients in the main study group and of paired blood samples from 17 of those patients. To confirm our findings, we performed droplet digital polymerase-chain-reaction (PCR) analysis of tissue samples from 39 patients in the main study group (21 with matching blood samples) and from 33 patients in an independent validation group. We interrogated the downstream signaling pathways, changes in gene expression, and cellular phenotype that were induced by activating KRAS mutations, which we had discovered in tissue samples. RESULTS We detected somatic activating KRAS mutations in tissue samples from 45 of the 72 patients and in none of the 21 paired blood samples. In endothelial cell-enriched cultures derived from arteriovenous malformations of the brain, we detected KRAS mutations and observed that expression of mutant KRAS (KRASG12V) in endothelial cells in vitro induced increased ERK (extracellular signal-regulated kinase) activity, increased expression of genes related to angiogenesis and Notch signaling, and enhanced migratory behavior. These processes were reversed by inhibition of MAPK (mitogen-activated protein kinase)-ERK signaling. CONCLUSIONS We identified activating KRAS mutations in the majority of tissue samples of arteriovenous malformations of the brain that we analyzed. We propose that these malformations develop as a result of KRAS-induced activation of the MAPK-ERK signaling pathway in brain endothelial cells. (Funded by the Swiss Cancer League and others.).
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergey I Nikolaev
- From the Department of Genetic Medicine and Development, University of Geneva Medical School (S.I.N., X.B., S.E.A.), Service of Genetic Medicine, University Hospitals of Geneva (S.I.N., S.E.A.), and iGE3, Institute of Genetics and Genomics of Geneva (S.E.A.) - all in Geneva; the Department of Fundamental Neurobiology, Krembil Research Institute (S.V., M.T., I.R.), Toronto General Hospital Research Institute (E.B., N.K., P.V.D., J.E.F.), the Department of Pathology (T.-R.K.), the Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery (V.M.P., T.K., H.A.-B., T.T., T.V., G.Z., M.T., I.R.), and the Joint Division of Medical Imaging, Department of Medical Imaging (V.M.P., T.K.), Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, the Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto (E.B., N.K., P.V.D., T.-R.K., J.E.F.), and the Heart and Stroke Richard Lewar Centre of Excellence in Cardiovascular Research (E.B., N.K., P.V.D., J.E.F.) - all in Toronto; the Department of Molecular Medicine, AIV Institute, University of Eastern Finland (S.J., B.R.J., S.S., S.Y.-H., J.F.), and the Hemorrhagic Brain Pathology Research Group, Department of Neurosurgery and NeuroCenter (S.J., B.R.J., S.S., T.R., J.F.), and the Department of Pathology (T.R.), Kuopio University Hospital - all in Kuopio, Finland; and the Cardiovascular Research Institute and the Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston (A.M.H., J.D.W.)
| | - Sandra Vetiska
- From the Department of Genetic Medicine and Development, University of Geneva Medical School (S.I.N., X.B., S.E.A.), Service of Genetic Medicine, University Hospitals of Geneva (S.I.N., S.E.A.), and iGE3, Institute of Genetics and Genomics of Geneva (S.E.A.) - all in Geneva; the Department of Fundamental Neurobiology, Krembil Research Institute (S.V., M.T., I.R.), Toronto General Hospital Research Institute (E.B., N.K., P.V.D., J.E.F.), the Department of Pathology (T.-R.K.), the Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery (V.M.P., T.K., H.A.-B., T.T., T.V., G.Z., M.T., I.R.), and the Joint Division of Medical Imaging, Department of Medical Imaging (V.M.P., T.K.), Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, the Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto (E.B., N.K., P.V.D., T.-R.K., J.E.F.), and the Heart and Stroke Richard Lewar Centre of Excellence in Cardiovascular Research (E.B., N.K., P.V.D., J.E.F.) - all in Toronto; the Department of Molecular Medicine, AIV Institute, University of Eastern Finland (S.J., B.R.J., S.S., S.Y.-H., J.F.), and the Hemorrhagic Brain Pathology Research Group, Department of Neurosurgery and NeuroCenter (S.J., B.R.J., S.S., T.R., J.F.), and the Department of Pathology (T.R.), Kuopio University Hospital - all in Kuopio, Finland; and the Cardiovascular Research Institute and the Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston (A.M.H., J.D.W.)
| | - Ximena Bonilla
- From the Department of Genetic Medicine and Development, University of Geneva Medical School (S.I.N., X.B., S.E.A.), Service of Genetic Medicine, University Hospitals of Geneva (S.I.N., S.E.A.), and iGE3, Institute of Genetics and Genomics of Geneva (S.E.A.) - all in Geneva; the Department of Fundamental Neurobiology, Krembil Research Institute (S.V., M.T., I.R.), Toronto General Hospital Research Institute (E.B., N.K., P.V.D., J.E.F.), the Department of Pathology (T.-R.K.), the Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery (V.M.P., T.K., H.A.-B., T.T., T.V., G.Z., M.T., I.R.), and the Joint Division of Medical Imaging, Department of Medical Imaging (V.M.P., T.K.), Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, the Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto (E.B., N.K., P.V.D., T.-R.K., J.E.F.), and the Heart and Stroke Richard Lewar Centre of Excellence in Cardiovascular Research (E.B., N.K., P.V.D., J.E.F.) - all in Toronto; the Department of Molecular Medicine, AIV Institute, University of Eastern Finland (S.J., B.R.J., S.S., S.Y.-H., J.F.), and the Hemorrhagic Brain Pathology Research Group, Department of Neurosurgery and NeuroCenter (S.J., B.R.J., S.S., T.R., J.F.), and the Department of Pathology (T.R.), Kuopio University Hospital - all in Kuopio, Finland; and the Cardiovascular Research Institute and the Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston (A.M.H., J.D.W.)
| | - Emilie Boudreau
- From the Department of Genetic Medicine and Development, University of Geneva Medical School (S.I.N., X.B., S.E.A.), Service of Genetic Medicine, University Hospitals of Geneva (S.I.N., S.E.A.), and iGE3, Institute of Genetics and Genomics of Geneva (S.E.A.) - all in Geneva; the Department of Fundamental Neurobiology, Krembil Research Institute (S.V., M.T., I.R.), Toronto General Hospital Research Institute (E.B., N.K., P.V.D., J.E.F.), the Department of Pathology (T.-R.K.), the Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery (V.M.P., T.K., H.A.-B., T.T., T.V., G.Z., M.T., I.R.), and the Joint Division of Medical Imaging, Department of Medical Imaging (V.M.P., T.K.), Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, the Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto (E.B., N.K., P.V.D., T.-R.K., J.E.F.), and the Heart and Stroke Richard Lewar Centre of Excellence in Cardiovascular Research (E.B., N.K., P.V.D., J.E.F.) - all in Toronto; the Department of Molecular Medicine, AIV Institute, University of Eastern Finland (S.J., B.R.J., S.S., S.Y.-H., J.F.), and the Hemorrhagic Brain Pathology Research Group, Department of Neurosurgery and NeuroCenter (S.J., B.R.J., S.S., T.R., J.F.), and the Department of Pathology (T.R.), Kuopio University Hospital - all in Kuopio, Finland; and the Cardiovascular Research Institute and the Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston (A.M.H., J.D.W.)
| | - Suvi Jauhiainen
- From the Department of Genetic Medicine and Development, University of Geneva Medical School (S.I.N., X.B., S.E.A.), Service of Genetic Medicine, University Hospitals of Geneva (S.I.N., S.E.A.), and iGE3, Institute of Genetics and Genomics of Geneva (S.E.A.) - all in Geneva; the Department of Fundamental Neurobiology, Krembil Research Institute (S.V., M.T., I.R.), Toronto General Hospital Research Institute (E.B., N.K., P.V.D., J.E.F.), the Department of Pathology (T.-R.K.), the Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery (V.M.P., T.K., H.A.-B., T.T., T.V., G.Z., M.T., I.R.), and the Joint Division of Medical Imaging, Department of Medical Imaging (V.M.P., T.K.), Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, the Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto (E.B., N.K., P.V.D., T.-R.K., J.E.F.), and the Heart and Stroke Richard Lewar Centre of Excellence in Cardiovascular Research (E.B., N.K., P.V.D., J.E.F.) - all in Toronto; the Department of Molecular Medicine, AIV Institute, University of Eastern Finland (S.J., B.R.J., S.S., S.Y.-H., J.F.), and the Hemorrhagic Brain Pathology Research Group, Department of Neurosurgery and NeuroCenter (S.J., B.R.J., S.S., T.R., J.F.), and the Department of Pathology (T.R.), Kuopio University Hospital - all in Kuopio, Finland; and the Cardiovascular Research Institute and the Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston (A.M.H., J.D.W.)
| | - Behnam Rezai Jahromi
- From the Department of Genetic Medicine and Development, University of Geneva Medical School (S.I.N., X.B., S.E.A.), Service of Genetic Medicine, University Hospitals of Geneva (S.I.N., S.E.A.), and iGE3, Institute of Genetics and Genomics of Geneva (S.E.A.) - all in Geneva; the Department of Fundamental Neurobiology, Krembil Research Institute (S.V., M.T., I.R.), Toronto General Hospital Research Institute (E.B., N.K., P.V.D., J.E.F.), the Department of Pathology (T.-R.K.), the Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery (V.M.P., T.K., H.A.-B., T.T., T.V., G.Z., M.T., I.R.), and the Joint Division of Medical Imaging, Department of Medical Imaging (V.M.P., T.K.), Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, the Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto (E.B., N.K., P.V.D., T.-R.K., J.E.F.), and the Heart and Stroke Richard Lewar Centre of Excellence in Cardiovascular Research (E.B., N.K., P.V.D., J.E.F.) - all in Toronto; the Department of Molecular Medicine, AIV Institute, University of Eastern Finland (S.J., B.R.J., S.S., S.Y.-H., J.F.), and the Hemorrhagic Brain Pathology Research Group, Department of Neurosurgery and NeuroCenter (S.J., B.R.J., S.S., T.R., J.F.), and the Department of Pathology (T.R.), Kuopio University Hospital - all in Kuopio, Finland; and the Cardiovascular Research Institute and the Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston (A.M.H., J.D.W.)
| | - Nadiya Khyzha
- From the Department of Genetic Medicine and Development, University of Geneva Medical School (S.I.N., X.B., S.E.A.), Service of Genetic Medicine, University Hospitals of Geneva (S.I.N., S.E.A.), and iGE3, Institute of Genetics and Genomics of Geneva (S.E.A.) - all in Geneva; the Department of Fundamental Neurobiology, Krembil Research Institute (S.V., M.T., I.R.), Toronto General Hospital Research Institute (E.B., N.K., P.V.D., J.E.F.), the Department of Pathology (T.-R.K.), the Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery (V.M.P., T.K., H.A.-B., T.T., T.V., G.Z., M.T., I.R.), and the Joint Division of Medical Imaging, Department of Medical Imaging (V.M.P., T.K.), Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, the Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto (E.B., N.K., P.V.D., T.-R.K., J.E.F.), and the Heart and Stroke Richard Lewar Centre of Excellence in Cardiovascular Research (E.B., N.K., P.V.D., J.E.F.) - all in Toronto; the Department of Molecular Medicine, AIV Institute, University of Eastern Finland (S.J., B.R.J., S.S., S.Y.-H., J.F.), and the Hemorrhagic Brain Pathology Research Group, Department of Neurosurgery and NeuroCenter (S.J., B.R.J., S.S., T.R., J.F.), and the Department of Pathology (T.R.), Kuopio University Hospital - all in Kuopio, Finland; and the Cardiovascular Research Institute and the Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston (A.M.H., J.D.W.)
| | - Peter V DiStefano
- From the Department of Genetic Medicine and Development, University of Geneva Medical School (S.I.N., X.B., S.E.A.), Service of Genetic Medicine, University Hospitals of Geneva (S.I.N., S.E.A.), and iGE3, Institute of Genetics and Genomics of Geneva (S.E.A.) - all in Geneva; the Department of Fundamental Neurobiology, Krembil Research Institute (S.V., M.T., I.R.), Toronto General Hospital Research Institute (E.B., N.K., P.V.D., J.E.F.), the Department of Pathology (T.-R.K.), the Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery (V.M.P., T.K., H.A.-B., T.T., T.V., G.Z., M.T., I.R.), and the Joint Division of Medical Imaging, Department of Medical Imaging (V.M.P., T.K.), Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, the Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto (E.B., N.K., P.V.D., T.-R.K., J.E.F.), and the Heart and Stroke Richard Lewar Centre of Excellence in Cardiovascular Research (E.B., N.K., P.V.D., J.E.F.) - all in Toronto; the Department of Molecular Medicine, AIV Institute, University of Eastern Finland (S.J., B.R.J., S.S., S.Y.-H., J.F.), and the Hemorrhagic Brain Pathology Research Group, Department of Neurosurgery and NeuroCenter (S.J., B.R.J., S.S., T.R., J.F.), and the Department of Pathology (T.R.), Kuopio University Hospital - all in Kuopio, Finland; and the Cardiovascular Research Institute and the Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston (A.M.H., J.D.W.)
| | - Santeri Suutarinen
- From the Department of Genetic Medicine and Development, University of Geneva Medical School (S.I.N., X.B., S.E.A.), Service of Genetic Medicine, University Hospitals of Geneva (S.I.N., S.E.A.), and iGE3, Institute of Genetics and Genomics of Geneva (S.E.A.) - all in Geneva; the Department of Fundamental Neurobiology, Krembil Research Institute (S.V., M.T., I.R.), Toronto General Hospital Research Institute (E.B., N.K., P.V.D., J.E.F.), the Department of Pathology (T.-R.K.), the Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery (V.M.P., T.K., H.A.-B., T.T., T.V., G.Z., M.T., I.R.), and the Joint Division of Medical Imaging, Department of Medical Imaging (V.M.P., T.K.), Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, the Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto (E.B., N.K., P.V.D., T.-R.K., J.E.F.), and the Heart and Stroke Richard Lewar Centre of Excellence in Cardiovascular Research (E.B., N.K., P.V.D., J.E.F.) - all in Toronto; the Department of Molecular Medicine, AIV Institute, University of Eastern Finland (S.J., B.R.J., S.S., S.Y.-H., J.F.), and the Hemorrhagic Brain Pathology Research Group, Department of Neurosurgery and NeuroCenter (S.J., B.R.J., S.S., T.R., J.F.), and the Department of Pathology (T.R.), Kuopio University Hospital - all in Kuopio, Finland; and the Cardiovascular Research Institute and the Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston (A.M.H., J.D.W.)
| | - Tim-Rasmus Kiehl
- From the Department of Genetic Medicine and Development, University of Geneva Medical School (S.I.N., X.B., S.E.A.), Service of Genetic Medicine, University Hospitals of Geneva (S.I.N., S.E.A.), and iGE3, Institute of Genetics and Genomics of Geneva (S.E.A.) - all in Geneva; the Department of Fundamental Neurobiology, Krembil Research Institute (S.V., M.T., I.R.), Toronto General Hospital Research Institute (E.B., N.K., P.V.D., J.E.F.), the Department of Pathology (T.-R.K.), the Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery (V.M.P., T.K., H.A.-B., T.T., T.V., G.Z., M.T., I.R.), and the Joint Division of Medical Imaging, Department of Medical Imaging (V.M.P., T.K.), Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, the Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto (E.B., N.K., P.V.D., T.-R.K., J.E.F.), and the Heart and Stroke Richard Lewar Centre of Excellence in Cardiovascular Research (E.B., N.K., P.V.D., J.E.F.) - all in Toronto; the Department of Molecular Medicine, AIV Institute, University of Eastern Finland (S.J., B.R.J., S.S., S.Y.-H., J.F.), and the Hemorrhagic Brain Pathology Research Group, Department of Neurosurgery and NeuroCenter (S.J., B.R.J., S.S., T.R., J.F.), and the Department of Pathology (T.R.), Kuopio University Hospital - all in Kuopio, Finland; and the Cardiovascular Research Institute and the Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston (A.M.H., J.D.W.)
| | - Vitor Mendes Pereira
- From the Department of Genetic Medicine and Development, University of Geneva Medical School (S.I.N., X.B., S.E.A.), Service of Genetic Medicine, University Hospitals of Geneva (S.I.N., S.E.A.), and iGE3, Institute of Genetics and Genomics of Geneva (S.E.A.) - all in Geneva; the Department of Fundamental Neurobiology, Krembil Research Institute (S.V., M.T., I.R.), Toronto General Hospital Research Institute (E.B., N.K., P.V.D., J.E.F.), the Department of Pathology (T.-R.K.), the Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery (V.M.P., T.K., H.A.-B., T.T., T.V., G.Z., M.T., I.R.), and the Joint Division of Medical Imaging, Department of Medical Imaging (V.M.P., T.K.), Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, the Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto (E.B., N.K., P.V.D., T.-R.K., J.E.F.), and the Heart and Stroke Richard Lewar Centre of Excellence in Cardiovascular Research (E.B., N.K., P.V.D., J.E.F.) - all in Toronto; the Department of Molecular Medicine, AIV Institute, University of Eastern Finland (S.J., B.R.J., S.S., S.Y.-H., J.F.), and the Hemorrhagic Brain Pathology Research Group, Department of Neurosurgery and NeuroCenter (S.J., B.R.J., S.S., T.R., J.F.), and the Department of Pathology (T.R.), Kuopio University Hospital - all in Kuopio, Finland; and the Cardiovascular Research Institute and the Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston (A.M.H., J.D.W.)
| | - Alexander M Herman
- From the Department of Genetic Medicine and Development, University of Geneva Medical School (S.I.N., X.B., S.E.A.), Service of Genetic Medicine, University Hospitals of Geneva (S.I.N., S.E.A.), and iGE3, Institute of Genetics and Genomics of Geneva (S.E.A.) - all in Geneva; the Department of Fundamental Neurobiology, Krembil Research Institute (S.V., M.T., I.R.), Toronto General Hospital Research Institute (E.B., N.K., P.V.D., J.E.F.), the Department of Pathology (T.-R.K.), the Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery (V.M.P., T.K., H.A.-B., T.T., T.V., G.Z., M.T., I.R.), and the Joint Division of Medical Imaging, Department of Medical Imaging (V.M.P., T.K.), Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, the Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto (E.B., N.K., P.V.D., T.-R.K., J.E.F.), and the Heart and Stroke Richard Lewar Centre of Excellence in Cardiovascular Research (E.B., N.K., P.V.D., J.E.F.) - all in Toronto; the Department of Molecular Medicine, AIV Institute, University of Eastern Finland (S.J., B.R.J., S.S., S.Y.-H., J.F.), and the Hemorrhagic Brain Pathology Research Group, Department of Neurosurgery and NeuroCenter (S.J., B.R.J., S.S., T.R., J.F.), and the Department of Pathology (T.R.), Kuopio University Hospital - all in Kuopio, Finland; and the Cardiovascular Research Institute and the Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston (A.M.H., J.D.W.)
| | - Timo Krings
- From the Department of Genetic Medicine and Development, University of Geneva Medical School (S.I.N., X.B., S.E.A.), Service of Genetic Medicine, University Hospitals of Geneva (S.I.N., S.E.A.), and iGE3, Institute of Genetics and Genomics of Geneva (S.E.A.) - all in Geneva; the Department of Fundamental Neurobiology, Krembil Research Institute (S.V., M.T., I.R.), Toronto General Hospital Research Institute (E.B., N.K., P.V.D., J.E.F.), the Department of Pathology (T.-R.K.), the Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery (V.M.P., T.K., H.A.-B., T.T., T.V., G.Z., M.T., I.R.), and the Joint Division of Medical Imaging, Department of Medical Imaging (V.M.P., T.K.), Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, the Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto (E.B., N.K., P.V.D., T.-R.K., J.E.F.), and the Heart and Stroke Richard Lewar Centre of Excellence in Cardiovascular Research (E.B., N.K., P.V.D., J.E.F.) - all in Toronto; the Department of Molecular Medicine, AIV Institute, University of Eastern Finland (S.J., B.R.J., S.S., S.Y.-H., J.F.), and the Hemorrhagic Brain Pathology Research Group, Department of Neurosurgery and NeuroCenter (S.J., B.R.J., S.S., T.R., J.F.), and the Department of Pathology (T.R.), Kuopio University Hospital - all in Kuopio, Finland; and the Cardiovascular Research Institute and the Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston (A.M.H., J.D.W.)
| | - Hugo Andrade-Barazarte
- From the Department of Genetic Medicine and Development, University of Geneva Medical School (S.I.N., X.B., S.E.A.), Service of Genetic Medicine, University Hospitals of Geneva (S.I.N., S.E.A.), and iGE3, Institute of Genetics and Genomics of Geneva (S.E.A.) - all in Geneva; the Department of Fundamental Neurobiology, Krembil Research Institute (S.V., M.T., I.R.), Toronto General Hospital Research Institute (E.B., N.K., P.V.D., J.E.F.), the Department of Pathology (T.-R.K.), the Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery (V.M.P., T.K., H.A.-B., T.T., T.V., G.Z., M.T., I.R.), and the Joint Division of Medical Imaging, Department of Medical Imaging (V.M.P., T.K.), Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, the Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto (E.B., N.K., P.V.D., T.-R.K., J.E.F.), and the Heart and Stroke Richard Lewar Centre of Excellence in Cardiovascular Research (E.B., N.K., P.V.D., J.E.F.) - all in Toronto; the Department of Molecular Medicine, AIV Institute, University of Eastern Finland (S.J., B.R.J., S.S., S.Y.-H., J.F.), and the Hemorrhagic Brain Pathology Research Group, Department of Neurosurgery and NeuroCenter (S.J., B.R.J., S.S., T.R., J.F.), and the Department of Pathology (T.R.), Kuopio University Hospital - all in Kuopio, Finland; and the Cardiovascular Research Institute and the Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston (A.M.H., J.D.W.)
| | - Takyee Tung
- From the Department of Genetic Medicine and Development, University of Geneva Medical School (S.I.N., X.B., S.E.A.), Service of Genetic Medicine, University Hospitals of Geneva (S.I.N., S.E.A.), and iGE3, Institute of Genetics and Genomics of Geneva (S.E.A.) - all in Geneva; the Department of Fundamental Neurobiology, Krembil Research Institute (S.V., M.T., I.R.), Toronto General Hospital Research Institute (E.B., N.K., P.V.D., J.E.F.), the Department of Pathology (T.-R.K.), the Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery (V.M.P., T.K., H.A.-B., T.T., T.V., G.Z., M.T., I.R.), and the Joint Division of Medical Imaging, Department of Medical Imaging (V.M.P., T.K.), Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, the Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto (E.B., N.K., P.V.D., T.-R.K., J.E.F.), and the Heart and Stroke Richard Lewar Centre of Excellence in Cardiovascular Research (E.B., N.K., P.V.D., J.E.F.) - all in Toronto; the Department of Molecular Medicine, AIV Institute, University of Eastern Finland (S.J., B.R.J., S.S., S.Y.-H., J.F.), and the Hemorrhagic Brain Pathology Research Group, Department of Neurosurgery and NeuroCenter (S.J., B.R.J., S.S., T.R., J.F.), and the Department of Pathology (T.R.), Kuopio University Hospital - all in Kuopio, Finland; and the Cardiovascular Research Institute and the Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston (A.M.H., J.D.W.)
| | - Taufik Valiante
- From the Department of Genetic Medicine and Development, University of Geneva Medical School (S.I.N., X.B., S.E.A.), Service of Genetic Medicine, University Hospitals of Geneva (S.I.N., S.E.A.), and iGE3, Institute of Genetics and Genomics of Geneva (S.E.A.) - all in Geneva; the Department of Fundamental Neurobiology, Krembil Research Institute (S.V., M.T., I.R.), Toronto General Hospital Research Institute (E.B., N.K., P.V.D., J.E.F.), the Department of Pathology (T.-R.K.), the Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery (V.M.P., T.K., H.A.-B., T.T., T.V., G.Z., M.T., I.R.), and the Joint Division of Medical Imaging, Department of Medical Imaging (V.M.P., T.K.), Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, the Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto (E.B., N.K., P.V.D., T.-R.K., J.E.F.), and the Heart and Stroke Richard Lewar Centre of Excellence in Cardiovascular Research (E.B., N.K., P.V.D., J.E.F.) - all in Toronto; the Department of Molecular Medicine, AIV Institute, University of Eastern Finland (S.J., B.R.J., S.S., S.Y.-H., J.F.), and the Hemorrhagic Brain Pathology Research Group, Department of Neurosurgery and NeuroCenter (S.J., B.R.J., S.S., T.R., J.F.), and the Department of Pathology (T.R.), Kuopio University Hospital - all in Kuopio, Finland; and the Cardiovascular Research Institute and the Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston (A.M.H., J.D.W.)
| | - Gelareh Zadeh
- From the Department of Genetic Medicine and Development, University of Geneva Medical School (S.I.N., X.B., S.E.A.), Service of Genetic Medicine, University Hospitals of Geneva (S.I.N., S.E.A.), and iGE3, Institute of Genetics and Genomics of Geneva (S.E.A.) - all in Geneva; the Department of Fundamental Neurobiology, Krembil Research Institute (S.V., M.T., I.R.), Toronto General Hospital Research Institute (E.B., N.K., P.V.D., J.E.F.), the Department of Pathology (T.-R.K.), the Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery (V.M.P., T.K., H.A.-B., T.T., T.V., G.Z., M.T., I.R.), and the Joint Division of Medical Imaging, Department of Medical Imaging (V.M.P., T.K.), Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, the Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto (E.B., N.K., P.V.D., T.-R.K., J.E.F.), and the Heart and Stroke Richard Lewar Centre of Excellence in Cardiovascular Research (E.B., N.K., P.V.D., J.E.F.) - all in Toronto; the Department of Molecular Medicine, AIV Institute, University of Eastern Finland (S.J., B.R.J., S.S., S.Y.-H., J.F.), and the Hemorrhagic Brain Pathology Research Group, Department of Neurosurgery and NeuroCenter (S.J., B.R.J., S.S., T.R., J.F.), and the Department of Pathology (T.R.), Kuopio University Hospital - all in Kuopio, Finland; and the Cardiovascular Research Institute and the Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston (A.M.H., J.D.W.)
| | - Mike Tymianski
- From the Department of Genetic Medicine and Development, University of Geneva Medical School (S.I.N., X.B., S.E.A.), Service of Genetic Medicine, University Hospitals of Geneva (S.I.N., S.E.A.), and iGE3, Institute of Genetics and Genomics of Geneva (S.E.A.) - all in Geneva; the Department of Fundamental Neurobiology, Krembil Research Institute (S.V., M.T., I.R.), Toronto General Hospital Research Institute (E.B., N.K., P.V.D., J.E.F.), the Department of Pathology (T.-R.K.), the Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery (V.M.P., T.K., H.A.-B., T.T., T.V., G.Z., M.T., I.R.), and the Joint Division of Medical Imaging, Department of Medical Imaging (V.M.P., T.K.), Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, the Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto (E.B., N.K., P.V.D., T.-R.K., J.E.F.), and the Heart and Stroke Richard Lewar Centre of Excellence in Cardiovascular Research (E.B., N.K., P.V.D., J.E.F.) - all in Toronto; the Department of Molecular Medicine, AIV Institute, University of Eastern Finland (S.J., B.R.J., S.S., S.Y.-H., J.F.), and the Hemorrhagic Brain Pathology Research Group, Department of Neurosurgery and NeuroCenter (S.J., B.R.J., S.S., T.R., J.F.), and the Department of Pathology (T.R.), Kuopio University Hospital - all in Kuopio, Finland; and the Cardiovascular Research Institute and the Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston (A.M.H., J.D.W.)
| | - Tuomas Rauramaa
- From the Department of Genetic Medicine and Development, University of Geneva Medical School (S.I.N., X.B., S.E.A.), Service of Genetic Medicine, University Hospitals of Geneva (S.I.N., S.E.A.), and iGE3, Institute of Genetics and Genomics of Geneva (S.E.A.) - all in Geneva; the Department of Fundamental Neurobiology, Krembil Research Institute (S.V., M.T., I.R.), Toronto General Hospital Research Institute (E.B., N.K., P.V.D., J.E.F.), the Department of Pathology (T.-R.K.), the Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery (V.M.P., T.K., H.A.-B., T.T., T.V., G.Z., M.T., I.R.), and the Joint Division of Medical Imaging, Department of Medical Imaging (V.M.P., T.K.), Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, the Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto (E.B., N.K., P.V.D., T.-R.K., J.E.F.), and the Heart and Stroke Richard Lewar Centre of Excellence in Cardiovascular Research (E.B., N.K., P.V.D., J.E.F.) - all in Toronto; the Department of Molecular Medicine, AIV Institute, University of Eastern Finland (S.J., B.R.J., S.S., S.Y.-H., J.F.), and the Hemorrhagic Brain Pathology Research Group, Department of Neurosurgery and NeuroCenter (S.J., B.R.J., S.S., T.R., J.F.), and the Department of Pathology (T.R.), Kuopio University Hospital - all in Kuopio, Finland; and the Cardiovascular Research Institute and the Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston (A.M.H., J.D.W.)
| | - Seppo Ylä-Herttuala
- From the Department of Genetic Medicine and Development, University of Geneva Medical School (S.I.N., X.B., S.E.A.), Service of Genetic Medicine, University Hospitals of Geneva (S.I.N., S.E.A.), and iGE3, Institute of Genetics and Genomics of Geneva (S.E.A.) - all in Geneva; the Department of Fundamental Neurobiology, Krembil Research Institute (S.V., M.T., I.R.), Toronto General Hospital Research Institute (E.B., N.K., P.V.D., J.E.F.), the Department of Pathology (T.-R.K.), the Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery (V.M.P., T.K., H.A.-B., T.T., T.V., G.Z., M.T., I.R.), and the Joint Division of Medical Imaging, Department of Medical Imaging (V.M.P., T.K.), Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, the Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto (E.B., N.K., P.V.D., T.-R.K., J.E.F.), and the Heart and Stroke Richard Lewar Centre of Excellence in Cardiovascular Research (E.B., N.K., P.V.D., J.E.F.) - all in Toronto; the Department of Molecular Medicine, AIV Institute, University of Eastern Finland (S.J., B.R.J., S.S., S.Y.-H., J.F.), and the Hemorrhagic Brain Pathology Research Group, Department of Neurosurgery and NeuroCenter (S.J., B.R.J., S.S., T.R., J.F.), and the Department of Pathology (T.R.), Kuopio University Hospital - all in Kuopio, Finland; and the Cardiovascular Research Institute and the Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston (A.M.H., J.D.W.)
| | - Joshua D Wythe
- From the Department of Genetic Medicine and Development, University of Geneva Medical School (S.I.N., X.B., S.E.A.), Service of Genetic Medicine, University Hospitals of Geneva (S.I.N., S.E.A.), and iGE3, Institute of Genetics and Genomics of Geneva (S.E.A.) - all in Geneva; the Department of Fundamental Neurobiology, Krembil Research Institute (S.V., M.T., I.R.), Toronto General Hospital Research Institute (E.B., N.K., P.V.D., J.E.F.), the Department of Pathology (T.-R.K.), the Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery (V.M.P., T.K., H.A.-B., T.T., T.V., G.Z., M.T., I.R.), and the Joint Division of Medical Imaging, Department of Medical Imaging (V.M.P., T.K.), Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, the Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto (E.B., N.K., P.V.D., T.-R.K., J.E.F.), and the Heart and Stroke Richard Lewar Centre of Excellence in Cardiovascular Research (E.B., N.K., P.V.D., J.E.F.) - all in Toronto; the Department of Molecular Medicine, AIV Institute, University of Eastern Finland (S.J., B.R.J., S.S., S.Y.-H., J.F.), and the Hemorrhagic Brain Pathology Research Group, Department of Neurosurgery and NeuroCenter (S.J., B.R.J., S.S., T.R., J.F.), and the Department of Pathology (T.R.), Kuopio University Hospital - all in Kuopio, Finland; and the Cardiovascular Research Institute and the Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston (A.M.H., J.D.W.)
| | - Stylianos E Antonarakis
- From the Department of Genetic Medicine and Development, University of Geneva Medical School (S.I.N., X.B., S.E.A.), Service of Genetic Medicine, University Hospitals of Geneva (S.I.N., S.E.A.), and iGE3, Institute of Genetics and Genomics of Geneva (S.E.A.) - all in Geneva; the Department of Fundamental Neurobiology, Krembil Research Institute (S.V., M.T., I.R.), Toronto General Hospital Research Institute (E.B., N.K., P.V.D., J.E.F.), the Department of Pathology (T.-R.K.), the Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery (V.M.P., T.K., H.A.-B., T.T., T.V., G.Z., M.T., I.R.), and the Joint Division of Medical Imaging, Department of Medical Imaging (V.M.P., T.K.), Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, the Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto (E.B., N.K., P.V.D., T.-R.K., J.E.F.), and the Heart and Stroke Richard Lewar Centre of Excellence in Cardiovascular Research (E.B., N.K., P.V.D., J.E.F.) - all in Toronto; the Department of Molecular Medicine, AIV Institute, University of Eastern Finland (S.J., B.R.J., S.S., S.Y.-H., J.F.), and the Hemorrhagic Brain Pathology Research Group, Department of Neurosurgery and NeuroCenter (S.J., B.R.J., S.S., T.R., J.F.), and the Department of Pathology (T.R.), Kuopio University Hospital - all in Kuopio, Finland; and the Cardiovascular Research Institute and the Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston (A.M.H., J.D.W.)
| | - Juhana Frösen
- From the Department of Genetic Medicine and Development, University of Geneva Medical School (S.I.N., X.B., S.E.A.), Service of Genetic Medicine, University Hospitals of Geneva (S.I.N., S.E.A.), and iGE3, Institute of Genetics and Genomics of Geneva (S.E.A.) - all in Geneva; the Department of Fundamental Neurobiology, Krembil Research Institute (S.V., M.T., I.R.), Toronto General Hospital Research Institute (E.B., N.K., P.V.D., J.E.F.), the Department of Pathology (T.-R.K.), the Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery (V.M.P., T.K., H.A.-B., T.T., T.V., G.Z., M.T., I.R.), and the Joint Division of Medical Imaging, Department of Medical Imaging (V.M.P., T.K.), Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, the Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto (E.B., N.K., P.V.D., T.-R.K., J.E.F.), and the Heart and Stroke Richard Lewar Centre of Excellence in Cardiovascular Research (E.B., N.K., P.V.D., J.E.F.) - all in Toronto; the Department of Molecular Medicine, AIV Institute, University of Eastern Finland (S.J., B.R.J., S.S., S.Y.-H., J.F.), and the Hemorrhagic Brain Pathology Research Group, Department of Neurosurgery and NeuroCenter (S.J., B.R.J., S.S., T.R., J.F.), and the Department of Pathology (T.R.), Kuopio University Hospital - all in Kuopio, Finland; and the Cardiovascular Research Institute and the Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston (A.M.H., J.D.W.)
| | - Jason E Fish
- From the Department of Genetic Medicine and Development, University of Geneva Medical School (S.I.N., X.B., S.E.A.), Service of Genetic Medicine, University Hospitals of Geneva (S.I.N., S.E.A.), and iGE3, Institute of Genetics and Genomics of Geneva (S.E.A.) - all in Geneva; the Department of Fundamental Neurobiology, Krembil Research Institute (S.V., M.T., I.R.), Toronto General Hospital Research Institute (E.B., N.K., P.V.D., J.E.F.), the Department of Pathology (T.-R.K.), the Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery (V.M.P., T.K., H.A.-B., T.T., T.V., G.Z., M.T., I.R.), and the Joint Division of Medical Imaging, Department of Medical Imaging (V.M.P., T.K.), Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, the Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto (E.B., N.K., P.V.D., T.-R.K., J.E.F.), and the Heart and Stroke Richard Lewar Centre of Excellence in Cardiovascular Research (E.B., N.K., P.V.D., J.E.F.) - all in Toronto; the Department of Molecular Medicine, AIV Institute, University of Eastern Finland (S.J., B.R.J., S.S., S.Y.-H., J.F.), and the Hemorrhagic Brain Pathology Research Group, Department of Neurosurgery and NeuroCenter (S.J., B.R.J., S.S., T.R., J.F.), and the Department of Pathology (T.R.), Kuopio University Hospital - all in Kuopio, Finland; and the Cardiovascular Research Institute and the Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston (A.M.H., J.D.W.)
| | - Ivan Radovanovic
- From the Department of Genetic Medicine and Development, University of Geneva Medical School (S.I.N., X.B., S.E.A.), Service of Genetic Medicine, University Hospitals of Geneva (S.I.N., S.E.A.), and iGE3, Institute of Genetics and Genomics of Geneva (S.E.A.) - all in Geneva; the Department of Fundamental Neurobiology, Krembil Research Institute (S.V., M.T., I.R.), Toronto General Hospital Research Institute (E.B., N.K., P.V.D., J.E.F.), the Department of Pathology (T.-R.K.), the Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery (V.M.P., T.K., H.A.-B., T.T., T.V., G.Z., M.T., I.R.), and the Joint Division of Medical Imaging, Department of Medical Imaging (V.M.P., T.K.), Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, the Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto (E.B., N.K., P.V.D., T.-R.K., J.E.F.), and the Heart and Stroke Richard Lewar Centre of Excellence in Cardiovascular Research (E.B., N.K., P.V.D., J.E.F.) - all in Toronto; the Department of Molecular Medicine, AIV Institute, University of Eastern Finland (S.J., B.R.J., S.S., S.Y.-H., J.F.), and the Hemorrhagic Brain Pathology Research Group, Department of Neurosurgery and NeuroCenter (S.J., B.R.J., S.S., T.R., J.F.), and the Department of Pathology (T.R.), Kuopio University Hospital - all in Kuopio, Finland; and the Cardiovascular Research Institute and the Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston (A.M.H., J.D.W.)
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Control of Blood Vessel Formation by Notch Signaling. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2018; 1066:319-338. [PMID: 30030834 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-89512-3_16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Blood vessels span throughout the body to nourish tissue cells and to provide gateways for immune surveillance. Endothelial cells that line capillaries have the remarkable capacity to be quiescent for years but to switch rapidly into the activated state once new blood vessels need to be formed. In addition, endothelial cells generate niches for progenitor and tumor cells and provide organ-specific paracrine (angiocrine) factors that control organ development and regeneration, maintenance of homeostasis and tumor progression. Recent data indicate a pivotal role for blood vessels in responding to metabolic changes and that endothelial cell metabolism is a novel regulator of angiogenesis. The Notch pathway is the central signaling mode that cooperates with VEGF, WNT, BMP, TGF-β, angiopoietin signaling and cell metabolism to orchestrate angiogenesis, tip/stalk cell selection and arteriovenous specification. Here, we summarize the current knowledge and implications regarding the complex roles of Notch signaling during physiological and tumor angiogenesis, the dynamic nature of tip/stalk cell selection in the nascent vessel sprout and arteriovenous differentiation. Furthermore, we shed light on recent work on endothelial cell metabolism, perfusion-independent angiocrine functions of endothelial cells in organ-specific vascular beds and how manipulation of Notch signaling may be used to target the tumor vasculature.
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Bentley K, Chakravartula S. The temporal basis of angiogenesis. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2017; 372:rstb.2015.0522. [PMID: 28348255 PMCID: PMC5379027 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2015.0522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The process of new blood vessel growth (angiogenesis) is highly dynamic, involving complex coordination of multiple cell types. Though the process must carefully unfold over time to generate functional, well-adapted branching networks, we seldom hear about the time-based properties of angiogenesis, despite timing being central to other areas of biology. Here, we present a novel, time-based formulation of endothelial cell behaviour during angiogenesis and discuss a flurry of our recent, integrated in silico/in vivo studies, put in context to the wider literature, which demonstrate that tissue conditions can locally adapt the timing of collective cell behaviours/decisions to grow different vascular network architectures. A growing array of seemingly unrelated ‘temporal regulators’ have recently been uncovered, including tissue derived factors (e.g. semaphorins or the high levels of VEGF found in cancer) and cellular processes (e.g. asymmetric cell division or filopodia extension) that act to alter the speed of cellular decisions to migrate. We will argue that ‘temporal adaptation’ provides a novel account of organ/disease-specific vascular morphology and reveals ‘timing’ as a new target for therapeutics. We therefore propose and explain a conceptual shift towards a ‘temporal adaptation’ perspective in vascular biology, and indeed other areas of biology where timing remains elusive. This article is part of the themed issue ‘Systems morphodynamics: understanding the development of tissue hardware’.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katie Bentley
- Computational Biology Laboratory, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA .,Cellular Adaptive Behaviour Laboratory, Rudbeck Laboratories, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Shilpa Chakravartula
- Computational Biology Laboratory, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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Torii M, Fukui T, Inoue M, Kanao S, Umetani K, Shirai M, Inagaki T, Tsuchimochi H, Pearson JT, Toi M. Analysis of the microvascular morphology and hemodynamics of breast cancer in mice using SPring-8 synchrotron radiation microangiography. JOURNAL OF SYNCHROTRON RADIATION 2017; 24:1039-1047. [PMID: 28862627 PMCID: PMC5580789 DOI: 10.1107/s1600577517008372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2016] [Accepted: 06/06/2017] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Tumor vasculature is characterized by morphological and functional abnormalities. However, analysis of the dynamics in blood flow is still challenging because of limited spatial and temporal resolution. Synchrotron radiation (SR) microangiography above the K-edge of the iodine contrast agent can provide high-contrast imaging of microvessels in time orders of milliseconds. In this study, mice bearing the human breast cancer cell lines MDAMB231 and NOTCH4 overexpression in MDAMB231 (MDAMB231NOTCH4+) and normal mice were assessed using SR microangiography. NOTCH is transmembrane protein that has crucial roles for vasculogenesis, angiogenesis and tumorigenesis, and NOTCH4 is considered to be a cause of high-flow arteriovenous shunting. A subgroup of mice received intravenous eribulin treatment, which is known to improve intratumor core circulation (MDAMB231_eribulin). Microvessel branches from approximately 200 µm to less than 20 µm in diameter were observed within the same visual field. The mean transition time (MTT) was measured as a dynamic parameter and quantitative analysis was performed. MTT in MDAMB231 was longer than that in normal tissue, and MDAMB231NOTCH4+ showed shorter MTT [5.0 ± 1.4 s, 3.6 ± 1.0 s and 3.6 ± 1.1 s (mean ± standard deviation), respectively]. After treatment, average MTT was correlated to tumor volume (r = 0.999) in MDAMB231_eribulin, while in contrast there was no correlation in MDAMB231 (r = -0.026). These changes in MTT profile are considered to be driven by the modulation of intratumoral circulation dynamics. These results demonstrate that a SR microangiography approach enables quantitative analysis of morphological and dynamic characteristics of tumor vasculature in vivo. Further studies will reveal new findings concerning vessel function in tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masae Torii
- Department of Breast Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Toshifumi Fukui
- Medical Imaging System Development Center, Canon, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masashi Inoue
- Medical Imaging System Development Center, Canon, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shotaro Kanao
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging and Nuclear Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Keiji Umetani
- Research and Utilization Division, Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Mikiyasu Shirai
- Department of Cardiac Physiology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center Research Institute, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tadakatsu Inagaki
- Department of Cardiac Physiology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center Research Institute, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hirotsugu Tsuchimochi
- Department of Cardiac Physiology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center Research Institute, Osaka, Japan
| | - James T. Pearson
- Department of Cardiac Physiology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center Research Institute, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masakazu Toi
- Department of Breast Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
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31
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Delev D, Pavlova A, Grote A, Boström A, Höllig A, Schramm J, Fimmers R, Oldenburg J, Simon M. NOTCH4 gene polymorphisms as potential risk factors for brain arteriovenous malformation development and hemorrhagic presentation. J Neurosurg 2017; 126:1552-1559. [DOI: 10.3171/2016.3.jns151731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVEArteriovenous malformations (AVMs) of the brain are a frequent and important cause of intracranial hemorrhage in young adults. Little is known about the molecular-genetic pathomechanisms underlying AVM development. Genes of the NOTCH family control the normal development of vessels and proper arteriovenous specification. Transgenic mice with constitutive expression of active NOTCH4 frequently develop AVMs. Here, the authors report a genetic association study investigating possible associations between NOTCH4 gene polymorphisms and formation and clinical presentation of AVMs.METHODSAfter PCR amplification and direct DNA sequencing or restriction digests, 10 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the NOTCH4 gene were used for genotyping 153 AVM patients and 192 healthy controls (i.e., blood donors). Pertinent clinical data were available for 129 patients. Uni- and multivariate single-marker and explorative haplotype analyses were performed to identify potential genetic risk factors for AVM development and for hemorrhagic or epileptic presentation.RESULTSEleven calculated haplotypes consisting of 3–4 SNPs (most of which were located in the epidermal growth factor–like domain of the NOTCH4 gene) were observed significantly more often among AVM patients than among controls. Univariate analysis indicated that rs443198_TT and rs915895_AA genotypes both were significantly associated with hemorrhage and that an rs1109771_GG genotype was associated with epilepsy. The association between rs443198_TT and AVM bleeding remained significant in the multivariate regression analysis.CONCLUSIONSThe authors' results suggest NOTCH4 SNPs as possible genetic risk factors for the development and clinical presentation of AVMs and a role of NOTCH4 in the pathogenesis of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anna Pavlova
- 2Institute for Experimental Haematology and Transfusion Medicine, and
| | | | | | - Anke Höllig
- 3Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | | | - Rolf Fimmers
- 4Institute for Medical Biometry, Informatics and Epidemiology, University of Bonn, University Medical Center, Bonn; and
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Cuervo H, Nielsen CM, Simonetto DA, Ferrell L, Shah VH, Wang RA. Endothelial notch signaling is essential to prevent hepatic vascular malformations in mice. Hepatology 2016; 64:1302-1316. [PMID: 27362333 PMCID: PMC5261867 DOI: 10.1002/hep.28713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2016] [Accepted: 06/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Liver vasculature is crucial for adequate hepatic functions. Global deletion of Notch signaling in mice results in liver vascular pathologies. However, whether Notch in endothelium is essential for hepatic vascular structure and function remains unknown. To uncover the function of endothelial Notch in the liver, we deleted Rbpj, a transcription factor mediating all canonical Notch signaling, or Notch1 from the endothelium of postnatal mice. We investigated the hepatic vascular defects in these mutants. The liver was severely affected within 2 weeks of endothelial deletion of Rbpj from birth. Two-week old mutant mice had enlarged vessels on the liver surface, abnormal vascular architecture, and dilated sinusoids. Vascular casting and fluorosphere passage experiments indicated the presence of porto-systemic shunts. These mutant mice presented with severely necrotic liver parenchyma and significantly larger hypoxic areas, likely resulting from vascular shunts. We also found elevated levels of VEGF receptor 3 together with reduced levels of ephrin-B2, suggesting a possible contribution of these factors to the generation of hepatic vascular abnormalities. Deletion of Rbpj from the adult endothelium also led to dilated sinusoids, vascular shunts, and necrosis, albeit milder than that observed in mice with deletion from birth. Similar to deletion of Rbpj, loss of endothelial Notch1 from birth led to similar hepatic vascular malformations within 2 weeks. CONCLUSIONS Endothelial Notch signaling is essential for the development and maintenance of proper hepatic vascular architecture and function. These findings may elucidate the molecular pathogenesis of hepatic vascular malformation and the safety of therapeutics inhibiting Notch. (Hepatology 2016;64:1302-1316).
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Affiliation(s)
- Henar Cuervo
- Laboratory for Accelerated Vascular Research, Department of Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Corinne M. Nielsen
- Laboratory for Accelerated Vascular Research, Department of Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | | | - Linda Ferrell
- Department of Pathology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Vijay H. Shah
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Rong A. Wang
- Laboratory for Accelerated Vascular Research, Department of Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA,Corresponding author: Rong A. Wang, PhD, University of California, San Francisco, HSW 1618, 513 Parnassus Avenue, San Francisco, CA 94143, Fax: 415-353-4370, Phone: 415-476-6855,
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Effects of Voluntary Locomotion and Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide on the Dynamics of Single Dural Vessels in Awake Mice. J Neurosci 2016; 36:2503-16. [PMID: 26911696 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.3665-15.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The dura mater is a vascularized membrane surrounding the brain and is heavily innervated by sensory nerves. Our knowledge of the dural vasculature has been limited to pathological conditions, such as headaches, but little is known about the dural blood flow regulation during behavior. To better understand the dynamics of dural vessels during behavior, we used two-photon laser scanning microscopy (2PLSM) to measure the diameter changes of single dural and pial vessels in the awake mouse during voluntary locomotion. Surprisingly, we found that voluntary locomotion drove the constriction of dural vessels, and the dynamics of these constrictions could be captured with a linear convolution model. Dural vessel constrictions did not mirror the large increases in intracranial pressure (ICP) during locomotion, indicating that dural vessel constriction was not caused passively by compression. To study how behaviorally driven dynamics of dural vessels might be altered in pathological states, we injected the vasodilator calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), which induces headache in humans. CGRP dilated dural, but not pial, vessels and significantly reduced spontaneous locomotion but did not block locomotion-induced constrictions in dural vessels. Sumatriptan, a drug commonly used to treat headaches, blocked the vascular and behavioral the effects of CGRP. These findings suggest that, in the awake animal, the diameters of dural vessels are regulated dynamically during behavior and during drug-induced pathological states.
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Kim H, Pawlikowska L, Su H, Young WL. Genetics and Vascular Biology of Angiogenesis and Vascular Malformations. Stroke 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-323-29544-4.00012-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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35
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Zhang R, Zhu W, Su H. Vascular Integrity in the Pathogenesis of Brain Arteriovenous Malformation. ACTA NEUROCHIRURGICA. SUPPLEMENT 2016; 121:29-35. [PMID: 26463919 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-18497-5_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Brain arteriovenous malformation (bAVM) is an important cause of intracranial hemorrhage (ICH), particularly in the young population. ICH is the first clinical symptom in about 50 % of bAVM patients. The vessels in bAVM are fragile and prone to rupture, causing bleeding into the brain. About 30 % of unruptured and non-hemorrhagic bAVMs demonstrate microscopic evidence of hemosiderin in the vascular wall. In bAVM mouse models, vascular mural cell coverage is reduced in the AVM lesion, accompanied by vascular leakage and microhemorrhage. In this review, we discuss possible signaling pathways involved in abnormal vascular development in bAVM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Zhang
- Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Care, Center for Cerebrovascular Research, University of California, San Francisco, 1001 Potrero Avenue, 1363, San Francisco, CA, 94110, USA
| | - Wan Zhu
- Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Care, Center for Cerebrovascular Research, University of California, San Francisco, 1001 Potrero Avenue, 1363, San Francisco, CA, 94110, USA
| | - Hua Su
- Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Care, Center for Cerebrovascular Research, University of California, San Francisco, 1001 Potrero Avenue, 1363, San Francisco, CA, 94110, USA.
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36
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Oudin MJ, Hughes SK, Rohani N, Moufarrej MN, Jones JG, Condeelis JS, Lauffenburger DA, Gertler FB. Characterization of the expression of the pro-metastatic Mena(INV) isoform during breast tumor progression. Clin Exp Metastasis 2015; 33:249-61. [PMID: 26680363 DOI: 10.1007/s10585-015-9775-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2015] [Accepted: 12/07/2015] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Several functionally distinct isoforms of the actin regulatory Mena are produced by alternative splicing during tumor progression. Forced expression of the Mena(INV) isoform drives invasion, intravasation and metastasis. However, the abundance and distribution of endogenously expressed Mena(INV) within primary tumors during progression remain unknown, as most studies to date have only assessed relative mRNA levels from dissociated tumor samples. We have developed a Mena(INV) isoform-specific monoclonal antibody and used it to examine Mena(INV) expression patterns in mouse mammary and human breast tumors. Mena(INV) expression increases during tumor progression and to examine the relationship between Mena(INV) expression and markers for epithelial or mesenchymal status, stemness, stromal cell types and hypoxic regions. Further, while Mena(INV) robustly expressed in vascularized areas of the tumor, it is not confined to cells adjacent to blood vessels. Altogether, these data demonstrate the specificity and utility of the anti-Mena(INV)-isoform specific antibody, and provide the first description of endogenous Mena(INV) protein expression in mouse and human tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madeleine J Oudin
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, MIT, 76-317, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA.
| | - Shannon K Hughes
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, MIT, 76-317, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA.,Department of Biological Engineering, MIT, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Nazanin Rohani
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, MIT, 76-317, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Mira N Moufarrej
- Department of Biological Engineering, MIT, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Joan G Jones
- Integrated Imaging Program, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA
| | - John S Condeelis
- Department of Anatomy and Structural Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA
| | - Douglas A Lauffenburger
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, MIT, 76-317, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA.,Department of Biological Engineering, MIT, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Frank B Gertler
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, MIT, 76-317, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA.,Department of Biology, MIT, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
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Peacock HM, Caolo V, Jones EAV. Arteriovenous malformations in hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia: looking beyond ALK1-NOTCH interactions. Cardiovasc Res 2015; 109:196-203. [PMID: 26645978 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvv264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2015] [Accepted: 10/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT) is characterized by the development of arteriovenous malformations--enlarged shunts allowing arterial flow to bypass capillaries and enter directly into veins. HHT is caused by mutations in ALK1 or Endoglin; however, the majority of arteriovenous malformations are idiopathic and arise spontaneously. Idiopathic arteriovenous malformations differ from those due to loss of ALK1 in terms of both location and disease progression. Furthermore, while arteriovenous malformations in HHT and Alk1 knockout models have decreased NOTCH signalling, some idiopathic arteriovenous malformations have increased NOTCH signalling. The pathogenesis of these lesions also differs, with loss of ALK1 causing expansion of the shunt through proliferation, and NOTCH gain of function inducing initial shunt enlargement by cellular hypertrophy. Hence, we propose that idiopathic arteriovenous malformations are distinct from those of HHT. In this review, we explore the role of ALK1-NOTCH interactions in the development of arteriovenous malformations and examine a possible role of two signalling pathways downstream of ALK1, TMEM100 and IDs, in the development of arteriovenous malformations in HHT. A nuanced understanding of the precise molecular mechanisms underlying idiopathic and HHT-associated arteriovenous malformations will allow for development of targeted treatments for these lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanna M Peacock
- Department of Cardiovascular Science, Centre for Molecular and Vascular Biology, KU Leuven, UZ Herestraat 49-Box 911, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Vincenza Caolo
- Department of Cardiovascular Science, Centre for Molecular and Vascular Biology, KU Leuven, UZ Herestraat 49-Box 911, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Elizabeth A V Jones
- Department of Cardiovascular Science, Centre for Molecular and Vascular Biology, KU Leuven, UZ Herestraat 49-Box 911, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
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38
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Fish JE, Wythe JD. The molecular regulation of arteriovenous specification and maintenance. Dev Dyn 2015; 244:391-409. [PMID: 25641373 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.24252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2014] [Revised: 01/02/2015] [Accepted: 01/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The formation of a hierarchical vascular network, composed of arteries, veins, and capillaries, is essential for embryogenesis and is required for the production of new functional vasculature in the adult. Elucidating the molecular mechanisms that orchestrate the differentiation of vascular endothelial cells into arterial and venous cell fates is requisite for regenerative medicine, as the directed formation of perfused vessels is desirable in a myriad of pathological settings, such as in diabetes and following myocardial infarction. Additionally, this knowledge will enhance our understanding and treatment of vascular anomalies, such as arteriovenous malformations (AVMs). From studies in vertebrate model organisms, such as mouse, zebrafish, and chick, a number of key signaling pathways have been elucidated that are required for the establishment and maintenance of arterial and venous fates. These include the Hedgehog, Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF), Transforming Growth Factor-β (TGF-β), Wnt, and Notch signaling pathways. In addition, a variety of transcription factor families acting downstream of, or in concert with, these signaling networks play vital roles in arteriovenous (AV) specification. These include Notch and Notch-regulated transcription factors (e.g., HEY and HES), SOX factors, Forkhead factors, β-Catenin, ETS factors, and COUP-TFII. It is becoming apparent that AV specification is a highly coordinated process that involves the intersection and carefully orchestrated activity of multiple signaling cascades and transcriptional networks. This review will summarize the molecular mechanisms that are involved in the acquisition and maintenance of AV fate, and will highlight some of the limitations in our current knowledge of the molecular machinery that directs AV morphogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason E Fish
- Toronto General Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada; Heart and Stroke Richard Lewar Centre of Excellence in Cardiovascular Research, Toronto, Canada
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Combined deficiency of Notch1 and Notch3 causes pericyte dysfunction, models CADASIL, and results in arteriovenous malformations. Sci Rep 2015; 5:16449. [PMID: 26563570 PMCID: PMC4643246 DOI: 10.1038/srep16449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2015] [Accepted: 10/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Pericytes regulate vessel stability and pericyte dysfunction contributes to retinopathies, stroke, and cancer. Here we define Notch as a key regulator of pericyte function during angiogenesis. In Notch1+/−; Notch3−/− mice, combined deficiency of Notch1 and Notch3 altered pericyte interaction with the endothelium and reduced pericyte coverage of the retinal vasculature. Notch1 and Notch3 were shown to cooperate to promote proper vascular basement membrane formation and contribute to endothelial cell quiescence. Accordingly, loss of pericyte function due to Notch deficiency exacerbates endothelial cell activation caused by Notch1 haploinsufficiency. Mice mutant for Notch1 and Notch3 develop arteriovenous malformations and display hallmarks of the ischemic stroke disease CADASIL. Thus, Notch deficiency compromises pericyte function and contributes to vascular pathologies.
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40
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Hermanto Y, Takagi Y, Ishii A, Yoshida K, Kikuchi T, Funaki T, Mineharu Y, Miyamoto S. Immunohistochemical Analysis of Sox17 Associated Pathway in Brain Arteriovenous Malformations. World Neurosurg 2015; 87:573-83.e1-2. [PMID: 26463399 DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2015.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2015] [Revised: 10/02/2015] [Accepted: 10/05/2015] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sox17 has emerged as an important factor in vascular remodeling because of the potential linkage with Wnt/β-catenin, Notch, and the inflammatory pathway. Brain arteriovenous malformation (BAVM), as an angiogenic and inflammatory disorder, might possess an aberrant regulation of the Sox17 associated pathway. We sought to investigate the expression of the Sox17 associated pathway in BAVMs. METHODS Using immunohistochemical methods, 16 paraffin specimens of BAVM nidus were analyzed. Specimens were obtained from patients during surgical procedures. RESULTS Expression of Sox17, Hey1, and β-catenin was observed in all specimens. Large veins possessed a distinct pattern of expression; thick-walled veins had a stronger intensity, whereas thin-walled veins had a weaker intensity, of Sox17, Hey1, and β-catenin (P < 0.001). Thick-walled veins also had a higher expression of Sox17, Hey1, and β-catenin compared with large arteries (P < 0.05). Hey1 and β-catenin expression was also higher in thick-walled veins compared with brain microvessels (P < 0.01). In addition, the difference in expression of the Sox17 associated pathway (Hey1 and β-catenin) was observed in medium and small arteries compared with large arteries in BAVM nidus and brain microvessels (P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS The Sox17 associated pathway was activated in the BAVM nidus. Our results indicate that arterial identity is gained in thick-walled veins; this might reflect the process of arterialization of the veins as a result of hemodynamic stress. In addition, high expression of the Sox17 associated pathway in medium and small arteries indicates that BAVM vessels are intrinsically active.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulius Hermanto
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yasushi Takagi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan.
| | - Akira Ishii
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kazumichi Yoshida
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Takayuki Kikuchi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Takeshi Funaki
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yohei Mineharu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Susumu Miyamoto
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
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Nielsen CM, Huang L, Murphy PA, Lawton MT, Wang RA. Mouse Models of Cerebral Arteriovenous Malformation. Stroke 2015; 47:293-300. [PMID: 26351360 DOI: 10.1161/strokeaha.115.002869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2015] [Accepted: 06/11/2015] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Corinne M Nielsen
- From the Laboratory for Accelerated Vascular Research, Division of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery (C.M.N., L.H., P.A.M., R.A.W.) and Department of Neurosurgery (M.T.L.), University of California, San Francisco; and Department of Biology, Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge (P.A.M.)
| | - Lawrence Huang
- From the Laboratory for Accelerated Vascular Research, Division of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery (C.M.N., L.H., P.A.M., R.A.W.) and Department of Neurosurgery (M.T.L.), University of California, San Francisco; and Department of Biology, Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge (P.A.M.)
| | - Patrick A Murphy
- From the Laboratory for Accelerated Vascular Research, Division of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery (C.M.N., L.H., P.A.M., R.A.W.) and Department of Neurosurgery (M.T.L.), University of California, San Francisco; and Department of Biology, Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge (P.A.M.)
| | - Michael T Lawton
- From the Laboratory for Accelerated Vascular Research, Division of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery (C.M.N., L.H., P.A.M., R.A.W.) and Department of Neurosurgery (M.T.L.), University of California, San Francisco; and Department of Biology, Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge (P.A.M.)
| | - Rong A Wang
- From the Laboratory for Accelerated Vascular Research, Division of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery (C.M.N., L.H., P.A.M., R.A.W.) and Department of Neurosurgery (M.T.L.), University of California, San Francisco; and Department of Biology, Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge (P.A.M.).
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Lin Y, Jiang W, Ng J, Jina A, Wang RA. Endothelial ephrin-B2 is essential for arterial vasodilation in mice. Microcirculation 2015; 21:578-86. [PMID: 24673722 DOI: 10.1111/micc.12135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2014] [Accepted: 03/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The cell surface protein ephrin-B2 is expressed in arterial and not venous ECs throughout development and adulthood. Endothelial ephrin-B2 is required for vascular development and angiogenesis, but its role in established arteries is currently unknown. We investigated the physiological role of ephrin-B2 signaling in adult endothelium. METHODS We generated adult conditional knockout mice lacking the Efnb2 gene specifically in ECs and evaluated the vasodilation responses to blood flow increase and ACh in the cremaster muscle preparation by intravital microscope and in carotid artery by in vivo ultrasound. RESULTS We found that the Efnb2 conditional knockout mice were defective in acute arterial dilation. Vasodilation was impaired in cremaster arterioles in response to either increased flow or ACh, and in the carotid arteries in response to increased flow. Levels of cGMP, an effector of NO, were diminished in mutant arteries following ACh stimulation. GSNO, a donor for the vasodilator NO, alleviated the vasodilatory defects in the mutants. Immunostaining showed that a subset of ephrin-B2 proteins colocalized with caveolin-1, a negative regulator of eNOS. CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest that endothelial ephrin-B2 is required for endothelial-dependent arterial dilation and NO signaling in adult endothelium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuankai Lin
- Laboratory for Accelerated Vascular Research, Division of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
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Lin JB, Phillips EH, Riggins TE, Sangha GS, Chakraborty S, Lee JY, Lycke RJ, Hernandez CL, Soepriatna AH, Thorne BRH, Yrineo AA, Goergen CJ. Imaging of small animal peripheral artery disease models: recent advancements and translational potential. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:11131-77. [PMID: 25993289 PMCID: PMC4463694 DOI: 10.3390/ijms160511131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2015] [Accepted: 03/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Peripheral artery disease (PAD) is a broad disorder encompassing multiple forms of arterial disease outside of the heart. As such, PAD development is a multifactorial process with a variety of manifestations. For example, aneurysms are pathological expansions of an artery that can lead to rupture, while ischemic atherosclerosis reduces blood flow, increasing the risk of claudication, poor wound healing, limb amputation, and stroke. Current PAD treatment is often ineffective or associated with serious risks, largely because these disorders are commonly undiagnosed or misdiagnosed. Active areas of research are focused on detecting and characterizing deleterious arterial changes at early stages using non-invasive imaging strategies, such as ultrasound, as well as emerging technologies like photoacoustic imaging. Earlier disease detection and characterization could improve interventional strategies, leading to better prognosis in PAD patients. While rodents are being used to investigate PAD pathophysiology, imaging of these animal models has been underutilized. This review focuses on structural and molecular information and disease progression revealed by recent imaging efforts of aortic, cerebral, and peripheral vascular disease models in mice, rats, and rabbits. Effective translation to humans involves better understanding of underlying PAD pathophysiology to develop novel therapeutics and apply non-invasive imaging techniques in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenny B Lin
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, 206 S. Martin Jischke Drive, Room 3025, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA.
| | - Evan H Phillips
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, 206 S. Martin Jischke Drive, Room 3025, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA.
| | - Ti'Air E Riggins
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, 206 S. Martin Jischke Drive, Room 3025, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA.
| | - Gurneet S Sangha
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, 206 S. Martin Jischke Drive, Room 3025, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA.
| | - Sreyashi Chakraborty
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA.
| | - Janice Y Lee
- Psychological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA.
| | - Roy J Lycke
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, 206 S. Martin Jischke Drive, Room 3025, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA.
| | - Clarissa L Hernandez
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, 206 S. Martin Jischke Drive, Room 3025, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA.
| | - Arvin H Soepriatna
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, 206 S. Martin Jischke Drive, Room 3025, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA.
| | - Bradford R H Thorne
- School of Sciences, Neuroscience, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA.
| | - Alexa A Yrineo
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, 206 S. Martin Jischke Drive, Room 3025, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA.
| | - Craig J Goergen
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, 206 S. Martin Jischke Drive, Room 3025, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA.
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Mouchtouris N, Jabbour PM, Starke RM, Hasan DM, Zanaty M, Theofanis T, Ding D, Tjoumakaris SI, Dumont AS, Ghobrial GM, Kung D, Rosenwasser RH, Chalouhi N. Biology of cerebral arteriovenous malformations with a focus on inflammation. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2015; 35:167-75. [PMID: 25407267 PMCID: PMC4426734 DOI: 10.1038/jcbfm.2014.179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2014] [Revised: 09/05/2014] [Accepted: 09/22/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Cerebral arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) entail a significant risk of intracerebral hemorrhage owing to the direct shunting of arterial blood into the venous vasculature without the dissipation of the arterial blood pressure. The mechanisms involved in the growth, progression and rupture of AVMs are not clearly understood, but a number of studies point to inflammation as a major contributor to their pathogenesis. The upregulation of proinflammatory cytokines induces the overexpression of cell adhesion molecules in AVM endothelial cells, resulting in enhanced recruitment of leukocytes. The increased leukocyte-derived release of metalloproteinase-9 is known to damage AVM walls and lead to rupture. Inflammation is also involved in altering the AVM angioarchitecture via the upregulation of angiogenic factors that affect endothelial cell proliferation, migration and apoptosis. The effects of inflammation on AVM pathogenesis are potentiated by certain single-nucleotide polymorphisms in the genes of proinflammatory cytokines, increasing their protein levels in the AVM tissue. Furthermore, studies on metalloproteinase-9 inhibitors and on the involvement of Notch signaling in AVMs provide promising data for a potential basis for pharmacological treatment of AVMs. Potential therapeutic targets and areas requiring further investigation are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolaos Mouchtouris
- Division of Neurovascular Surgery and Endovascular Neurosurgery, Department of Neurological Surgery, Thomas Jefferson University and Jefferson Hospital for Neuroscience, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Pascal M Jabbour
- Division of Neurovascular Surgery and Endovascular Neurosurgery, Department of Neurological Surgery, Thomas Jefferson University and Jefferson Hospital for Neuroscience, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Robert M Starke
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - David M Hasan
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Mario Zanaty
- 1] Division of Neurovascular Surgery and Endovascular Neurosurgery, Department of Neurological Surgery, Thomas Jefferson University and Jefferson Hospital for Neuroscience, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA [2] Department of Neurosurgery, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Thana Theofanis
- Division of Neurovascular Surgery and Endovascular Neurosurgery, Department of Neurological Surgery, Thomas Jefferson University and Jefferson Hospital for Neuroscience, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Dale Ding
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Stavropoula I Tjoumakaris
- Division of Neurovascular Surgery and Endovascular Neurosurgery, Department of Neurological Surgery, Thomas Jefferson University and Jefferson Hospital for Neuroscience, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Aaron S Dumont
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - George M Ghobrial
- Division of Neurovascular Surgery and Endovascular Neurosurgery, Department of Neurological Surgery, Thomas Jefferson University and Jefferson Hospital for Neuroscience, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - David Kung
- Division of Neurovascular Surgery and Endovascular Neurosurgery, Department of Neurological Surgery, Thomas Jefferson University and Jefferson Hospital for Neuroscience, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Robert H Rosenwasser
- Division of Neurovascular Surgery and Endovascular Neurosurgery, Department of Neurological Surgery, Thomas Jefferson University and Jefferson Hospital for Neuroscience, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Nohra Chalouhi
- Division of Neurovascular Surgery and Endovascular Neurosurgery, Department of Neurological Surgery, Thomas Jefferson University and Jefferson Hospital for Neuroscience, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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Letourneur A, Chen V, Waterman G, Drew PJ. A method for longitudinal, transcranial imaging of blood flow and remodeling of the cerebral vasculature in postnatal mice. Physiol Rep 2014; 2:2/12/e12238. [PMID: 25524276 PMCID: PMC4332216 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.12238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
In the weeks following birth, both the brain and the vascular network that supplies it undergo dramatic alteration. While studies of the postnatal evolution of the pial vasculature and blood flow through its vessels have been previously done histologically or acutely, here we describe a neonatal reinforced thin‐skull preparation for longitudinally imaging the development of the pial vasculature in mice using two‐photon laser scanning microscopy. Starting with mice as young as postnatal day 2 (P2), we are able to chronically image cortical areas >1 mm2, repeatedly for several consecutive days, allowing us to observe the remodeling of the pial arterial and venous networks. We used this method to measure blood velocity in individual vessels over multiple days, and show that blood flow through individual pial venules was correlated with subsequent diameter changes. This preparation allows the longitudinal imaging of the developing mammalian cerebral vascular network and its physiology. We developed a technique to longitudinally image blood vessels in the neonatal mouse cortex transcranially using two‐photon microscopy. The blood vessels on the surface of the brain undergo substantial pruning after birth. Blood flow through a vessel was correlated with the subsequent diameter change of the vessel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annelise Letourneur
- Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics, Center for Neural Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania CNRS, CEA, Université de Caen Basse-Normandie, UMR 6301 ISTCT, CERVOxy. GIP CYCERON, Caen, France
| | - Victoria Chen
- Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics, Center for Neural Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania
| | - Gar Waterman
- Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics, Center for Neural Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania
| | - Patrick J Drew
- Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics, Center for Neural Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania Department of Neurosurgery, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania
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Constitutively active Notch4 receptor elicits brain arteriovenous malformations through enlargement of capillary-like vessels. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2014; 111:18007-12. [PMID: 25468970 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1415316111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Arteriovenous (AV) malformation (AVM) is a devastating condition characterized by focal lesions of enlarged, tangled vessels that shunt blood from arteries directly to veins. AVMs can form anywhere in the body and can cause debilitating ischemia and life-threatening hemorrhagic stroke. The mechanisms that underlie AVM formation remain poorly understood. Here, we examined the cellular and hemodynamic changes at the earliest stages of brain AVM formation by time-lapse two-photon imaging through cranial windows of mice expressing constitutively active Notch4 (Notch4*). AVMs arose from enlargement of preexisting microvessels with capillary diameter and blood flow and no smooth muscle cell coverage. AV shunting began promptly after Notch4* expression in endothelial cells (ECs), accompanied by increased individual EC areas, rather than increased EC number or proliferation. Alterations in Notch signaling in ECs of all vessels, but not arteries alone, affected AVM formation, suggesting that Notch functions in the microvasculature and/or veins to induce AVM. Increased Notch signaling interfered with the normal biological control of hemodynamics, permitting a positive feedback loop of increasing blood flow and vessel diameter and driving focal AVM growth from AV connections with higher blood velocity at the expense of adjacent AV connections with lower velocity. Endothelial expression of constitutively active Notch1 also led to brain AVMs in mice. Our data shed light on cellular and hemodynamic mechanisms underlying AVM pathogenesis elicited by increased Notch signaling in the endothelium.
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Shoemaker LD, Fuentes LF, Santiago SM, Allen BM, Cook DJ, Steinberg GK, Chang SD. Human brain arteriovenous malformations express lymphatic-associated genes. Ann Clin Transl Neurol 2014; 1:982-95. [PMID: 25574473 PMCID: PMC4284124 DOI: 10.1002/acn3.142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2014] [Revised: 10/08/2014] [Accepted: 10/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Brain arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) are devastating, hemorrhage-prone, cerebrovascular lesions characterized by well-defined feeding arteries, draining vein(s) and the absence of a capillary bed. The endothelial cells (ECs) that comprise AVMs exhibit a loss of arterial and venous specification. Given the role of the transcription factor COUP-TFII in vascular development, EC specification, and pathological angiogenesis, we examined human AVM tissue to determine if COUP-FTII may have a role in AVM disease biology. Methods We examined 40 human brain AVMs by immunohistochemistry (IHC) and qRT-PCR for the expression of COUP-TFII as well as other genes involved in venous and lymphatic development, maintenance, and signaling. We also examined proliferation and EC tube formation with human umbilical ECs (HUVEC) following COUP-TFII overexpression. Results We report that AVMs expressed COUP-TFII, SOX18, PROX1, NFATC1, FOXC2, TBX1, LYVE1, Podoplanin, and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-C, contained Ki67-positive cells and heterogeneously expressed genes involved in Hedgehog, Notch, Wnt, and VEGF signaling pathways. Overexpression of COUP-TFII alone in vitro resulted in increased EC proliferation and dilated tubes in an EC tube formation assay in HUVEC. Interpretation This suggests AVM ECs are further losing their arterial/venous specificity and acquiring a partial lymphatic molecular phenotype. There was significant correlation of gene expression with presence of clinical edema and acute hemorrhage. While the precise role of these genes in the formation, stabilization, growth and risk of hemorrhage of AVMs remains unclear, these findings have potentially important implications for patient management and treatment choice, and opens new avenues for future work on AVM disease mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorelei D Shoemaker
- Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford Neuromolecular Innovation Program, Stanford University 300 Pasteur Drive, Stanford, California, 94305
| | - Laurel F Fuentes
- Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford Neuromolecular Innovation Program, Stanford University 300 Pasteur Drive, Stanford, California, 94305
| | - Shauna M Santiago
- Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford Neuromolecular Innovation Program, Stanford University 300 Pasteur Drive, Stanford, California, 94305
| | - Breanna M Allen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford Neuromolecular Innovation Program, Stanford University 300 Pasteur Drive, Stanford, California, 94305
| | - Douglas J Cook
- Centre for Neuroscience Studies and the Department of Surgery, Queen's University Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Gary K Steinberg
- Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford Neuromolecular Innovation Program, Stanford University 300 Pasteur Drive, Stanford, California, 94305
| | - Steven D Chang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford Neuromolecular Innovation Program, Stanford University 300 Pasteur Drive, Stanford, California, 94305
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Hogendoorn W, Lavida A, Hunink MGM, Moll FL, Geroulakos G, Muhs BE, Sumpio BE. Open repair, endovascular repair, and conservative management of true splenic artery aneurysms. J Vasc Surg 2014; 62:1667-76. [PMID: 25264364 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvs.2015.08.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2015] [Accepted: 08/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE True splenic artery aneurysms (SAAs) are a rare but potentially fatal pathology. For many years, open repair (OPEN) and conservative management (CONS) were the treatments of choice, but throughout the last decade endovascular repair (EV) has become increasingly used. The purpose of the present study was to perform a systematic review and meta-analysis evaluating the outcomes of the three major treatment modalities (OPEN, EV, and CONS) for the management of SAAs. METHODS A systematic review of all studies describing the outcomes of SAAs treated with OPEN, EV, or CONS was performed using seven large medical databases. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines were followed to ensure a high-quality review. All articles were subject to critical appraisal for relevance, validity, and availability of data regarding characteristics and outcomes. All data were systematically pooled, and meta-analyses were performed on several outcomes, including early and late mortality, complications, and number of reinterventions. RESULTS Original data of 1321 patients with true SAAs were identified in 47 articles. OPEN contained 511 patients (38.7%) in 31 articles, followed by 425 patients (32.2%) in CONS in 16 articles and 385 patients (29.1%) in EV in 33 articles. The CONS group had fewer symptomatic patients (9.5% vs 28.7% in OPEN and 28.8% in EV; P < .001) and fewer ruptured aneurysms (0.2% vs 18.4% in OPEN and 8.8% in EV; P < .001), but no significant differences were found in existing comorbidities. CONS patients were usually older and had smaller-sized aneurysms than patients in the OPEN and EV groups. The only identified difference in baseline characteristics between OPEN and EV was the number of ruptured aneurysms (18.4% vs 8.8%; P < .001). OPEN had a higher 30-day mortality than EV (5.1% vs 0.6%; P < .001), whereas minor complications occurred in a larger number of the EV patients. EV required more reinterventions per year (3.2%) compared with OPEN (0.5%) and CONS (1.2%; P < .001). The late mortality rate was higher in patients treated with CONS (4.9% vs 2.1% in OPEN and 1.4% in EV; P = .04). CONCLUSIONS EV of SAA has better short-term results compared with OPEN, including significantly lower perioperative mortality. OPEN is associated with fewer late complications and fewer reinterventions during follow-up. Patients treated with CONS showed a higher late mortality rate. Ruptured SAAs are predictors of a significantly higher perioperative mortality compared with nonruptured SAAs in the OPEN and EV groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wouter Hogendoorn
- Section of Vascular Surgery, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Conn; Section of Vascular Surgery, University Medical Center, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Anthi Lavida
- Section of Vascular Surgery, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Conn; Department of Vascular Surgery, Imperial College of Science, Technology and Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - M G Myriam Hunink
- Department of Radiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Health Policy & Management, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Mass
| | - Frans L Moll
- Section of Vascular Surgery, University Medical Center, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - George Geroulakos
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Imperial College of Science, Technology and Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Bart E Muhs
- Section of Vascular Surgery, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Conn
| | - Bauer E Sumpio
- Section of Vascular Surgery, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Conn.
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Nielsen CM, Cuervo H, Ding VW, Kong Y, Huang EJ, Wang RA. Deletion of Rbpj from postnatal endothelium leads to abnormal arteriovenous shunting in mice. Development 2014; 141:3782-92. [PMID: 25209249 DOI: 10.1242/dev.108951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) are tortuous vessels characterized by arteriovenous (AV) shunts, which displace capillaries and shunt blood directly from artery to vein. Notch signaling regulates embryonic AV specification by promoting arterial, as opposed to venous, endothelial cell (EC) fate. To understand the essential role of endothelial Notch signaling in postnatal AV organization, we used inducible Cre-loxP recombination to delete Rbpj, a mediator of canonical Notch signaling, from postnatal ECs in mice. Deletion of endothelial Rbpj from birth resulted in features of AVMs by P14, including abnormal AV shunting and tortuous vessels in the brain, intestine and heart. We further analyzed brain AVMs, as they pose particular health risks. Consistent with AVM pathology, we found cerebral hemorrhage, hypoxia and necrosis, and neurological deficits. AV shunts originated from capillaries (and possibly venules), with the earliest detectable morphological abnormalities in AV connections by P8. Prior to AV shunt formation, alterations in EC gene expression were detected, including decreased Efnb2 and increased Pai1, which encodes a downstream effector of TGFβ signaling. After AV shunts had formed, whole-mount immunostaining showed decreased Efnb2 and increased Ephb4 expression within AV shunts, suggesting that ECs were reprogrammed from arterial to venous identity. Deletion of Rbpj from adult ECs led to tortuosities in gastrointestinal, uterine and skin vascular beds, but had mild effects in the brain. Our results demonstrate a temporal requirement for Rbpj in postnatal ECs to maintain proper artery, capillary and vein organization and to prevent abnormal AV shunting and AVM pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corinne M Nielsen
- Laboratory for Accelerated Vascular Research, Department of Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Henar Cuervo
- Laboratory for Accelerated Vascular Research, Department of Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Vivianne W Ding
- Laboratory for Accelerated Vascular Research, Department of Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Yupeng Kong
- Laboratory for Accelerated Vascular Research, Department of Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Eric J Huang
- Department of Pathology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Rong A Wang
- Laboratory for Accelerated Vascular Research, Department of Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
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Zhang P, Yan X, Chen Y, Yang Z, Han H. Notch signaling in blood vessels: from morphogenesis to homeostasis. SCIENCE CHINA-LIFE SCIENCES 2014; 57:774-80. [PMID: 25104449 DOI: 10.1007/s11427-014-4716-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2013] [Accepted: 06/16/2013] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Notch signaling is an evolutionarily conserved intercellular signaling pathway that plays numerous crucial roles in vascular development and physiology. Compelling evidence indicates that Notch signaling is vital for vascular morphogenesis including arterial and venous differentiation and endothelial tip and stalk cell specification during sprouting angiogenesis and also vessel maturation featured by mural cell differentiation and recruitment. Notch signaling is also required for vascular homeostasis in adults by keeping quiescent phalanx cells from re-entering cell cycle and by modulating the behavior of endothelial progenitor cells. We will summarize recent advances of Notch pathway in vascular biology with special emphasis on the underlying molecular mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Zhang
- Department of Medical Genetics and Developmental Biology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
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