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Ren X, Kong Y, Yu H, Dong A, Wang Y, Wei L, Song Y, Wang Z, Wang L, Guo Y, Sun L. YiQi GuBen capsule alleviates OVA-induced asthma through improving mitochondrial dysfunction. J Asthma 2024; 61:725-735. [PMID: 38647486 DOI: 10.1080/02770903.2024.2303755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
Objective: This study aims to explore the effect of YiQi GuBen capsule on improving mitochondrial dysfunction in an animal model of asthma.Methods: The mice (n = 8) were divided into four groups including control (NC), ovalbumin (OVA), dexamethasone (OVA + DEX), and YiQi GuBen (OVA + YQGB) groups. Firstly, we established an OVA-induced mouse asthma model except for the NC group, which then were treated with dexamethasone and YiQi GuBen capsule. Subsequently, HE staining and Masson staining were used for pathological analysis of mice lung tissues. Next, we used transmission electron microscopy (TEM) to observe the effect of the Yiqi Guben capsule on the ultrastructure of mitochondria. Flow cytometry was used to analyze the ROS level, membrane potential, and the number of mitochondria in lung tissue. Moreover, we analyzed the copy number of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) and the expression levels of activator peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator-1α (PGC-1α) and mitochondrial transcription factor A (TFAM).Results: The results of the pathological analysis showed that after treatment with the YiQi GuBen capsule, the lung tissue damage was significantly reduced. In addition, we observed that the ultrastructural damage of mitochondria was improved. Flow cytometry proved that after treatment with the YiQi GuBen capsule, the level of ROS in the mitochondria was effectively reduced, while the mitochondrial membrane potential decreased and the number increased significantly. Moreover, we found that the copy number of mtDNA was significantly increased and the expression levels of PGC-1α and TFAM were significantly upgraded.Conclusion: This study suggests YiQi GuBen capsule can effectively improve mitochondrial dysfunction in the OVA-induced mouse model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoting Ren
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medical, Changchun, China
| | - Yibu Kong
- Department of Pediatrics, The Affiliated Hospital to Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Hongjun Yu
- Department of Pediatrics, The Affiliated Hospital to Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Aiai Dong
- Department of Pediatrics, The Affiliated Hospital to Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Yongji Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, The Affiliated Hospital to Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Lina Wei
- Department of Pediatrics, The Affiliated Hospital to Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Yongfu Song
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medical, Changchun, China
| | - Zhongtian Wang
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medical, Changchun, China
| | - Lie Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, The Affiliated Hospital to Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Yinan Guo
- Department of Pediatrics, The Affiliated Hospital to Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Liping Sun
- Department of Pediatrics, The Affiliated Hospital to Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin, China
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Liu X, Zhao L, Wang R, Tang Z. TRPM2 exacerbates airway inflammation by regulating oxidized-CaMKⅡ in allergic asthma. Heliyon 2024; 10:e23634. [PMID: 38187281 PMCID: PMC10767383 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e23634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Revised: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Airway epithelial cells play important roles in allergic asthma. Transient receptor potential melastatin-related 2 (TRPM2) and oxidized Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase Ⅱ (ox-CaMKⅡ) participate in the airway inflammation. This study aimed to analyze the effects of TRPM2 on ox-CaMKⅡ in the airway epithelial cells during allergic asthma. Methods BEAS-2B cells were treated with different dose of IL-13 (0, 5, 10, 20 ng/mL) for 24 h to analyze the changes of TRPM2 and ox-CaMKⅡ protein. Cells expressing different level of TRPM2 were obtained by transfection of TRPM2 siRNA or TRPM2-short cDNA. The transfected cells were treated with 10 ng/mL of IL-13 to analyze the effects of TRPM2 on the ox-CaMKⅡ. A CaMKⅡ inhibitor KN-93 was used to confirm the effects of TRPM2 on levels of ox-CaMKⅡ, p-MEK and p-ERK in the IL-13-treated BEAS-2B cells. Wild-type (WT) mice and TRPM2-knockout (TRPM2-/-) mice were induced by ovalbumin (OVA) to compare the differences of inflammation, levels of ox-CaMKII, p-MEK and p-ERK in airways. Results Cell viability was clearly decreased by the 20 ng/mL of IL-13. The levels of TRPM2 and ox-CaMKII protein in cells were increased with increasing doses of IL-13. Transfection of TRPM2 siRNA or TRPM2-short cDNA respectively decreased or increased the levels of ox-CaMKⅡ in the IL-13-stimulated cells. The results of KN-93 treatment were similar to the results of TRPM2 siRNA transfection, that the levels of ox-CaMKⅡ, p-MEK and p-ERK were significantly decreased in the IL-13-treated cells. Compared with the OVA-induced WT mice, levels of inflammation, ox-CaMKⅡ, p-MEK and p-ERK in the airways were significantly weakened in the OVA-induced TRPM2-/- mice. Conclusions TRPM2 plays a vital role in regulating ox-CaMKⅡ in airway epithelial cells during allergic asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueping Liu
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, 264000, China
| | - Lingyan Zhao
- Department of Nursing, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, 264000, China
| | - Rui Wang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, 264000, China
| | - Zhaoying Tang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, 264000, China
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Su R, Yuan J, Gao T, Liu Y, Shu W, Wang Y, Pang Y, Li Q. Selection and validation of genes related to oxidative stress production and clearance in macrophages infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1324611. [PMID: 38149012 PMCID: PMC10749926 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1324611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Background In the fight against tuberculosis, besides chemotherapy, the regulation of oxidative stress (OS) has also aroused people's interest in host-oriented therapy. However, there is limited research on the genes involved in reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and clearance in macrophages infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB). This study analyzes and explores this to provide a basis for exploring new targets for antituberculosis treatments. Methods We established a macrophage model infected with MTB, counted intracellular bacteria, and determined the ROS produced using flow cytometry. We conducted ribonucleic acid sequencing, screened differentially expressed genes through transcriptomic methods, and validated the expression of them through reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Results The ROS of macrophages increased with intracellular bacteria at 4 h after infection with MTB and reached its peak at 48 h, surpassing the uninfected macrophages (p < 0.05). A total of 1,613 differentially expressed genes were identified after infection with MTB, of which 458 were associated with ROS, with over 50% involved in the response of organelles and biological processes to stimuli. We analyzed and identified six genes. After macrophage infection with MTB, the expression of CAMK2B increased, whereas the expression of CYBB decreased (p < 0.05). The expression of GPX3 and SOD2 increased, whereas the expression of CAT decreased (p < 0.05). Conclusion The ROS-related differentially expressed genes between MTB infected and uninfected macrophages may be related to some organelles and involved in various biological processes, molecular functions, and signaling pathways. Among them, CAMK2B, GPX3, and SOD2 may be related to ROS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renchun Su
- Department of Bacteriology and Immunology, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University/Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Research Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Jinfeng Yuan
- Department of Bacteriology and Immunology, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University/Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Research Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Tianhui Gao
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yuhong Liu
- Clinical Center on Tuberculosis Control, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University/Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Research Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Shu
- Clinical Center on Tuberculosis Control, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University/Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Research Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Yufeng Wang
- Clinical Center on Tuberculosis Control, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University/Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Research Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Pang
- Department of Bacteriology and Immunology, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University/Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Research Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Qi Li
- Clinical Center on Tuberculosis Control, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University/Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Research Institute, Beijing, China
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Albano GD, Montalbano AM, Gagliardo R, Profita M. Autophagy/Mitophagy in Airway Diseases: Impact of Oxidative Stress on Epithelial Cells. Biomolecules 2023; 13:1217. [PMID: 37627282 PMCID: PMC10452925 DOI: 10.3390/biom13081217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Revised: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is the key process by which the cell degrades parts of itself within the lysosomes. It maintains cell survival and homeostasis by removing molecules (particularly proteins), subcellular organelles, damaged cytoplasmic macromolecules, and by recycling the degradation products. The selective removal or degradation of mitochondria is a particular type of autophagy called mitophagy. Various forms of cellular stress (oxidative stress (OS), hypoxia, pathogen infections) affect autophagy by inducing free radicals and reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation to promote the antioxidant response. Dysfunctional mechanisms of autophagy have been found in different respiratory diseases such as chronic obstructive lung disease (COPD) and asthma, involving epithelial cells. Several existing clinically approved drugs may modulate autophagy to varying extents. However, these drugs are nonspecific and not currently utilized to manipulate autophagy in airway diseases. In this review, we provide an overview of different autophagic pathways with particular attention on the dysfunctional mechanisms of autophagy in the epithelial cells during asthma and COPD. Our aim is to further deepen and disclose the research in this direction to stimulate the develop of new and selective drugs to regulate autophagy for asthma and COPD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giusy Daniela Albano
- Institute of Translational Pharmacology (IFT), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Section of Palermo, Via Ugo La Malfa 153, 90146 Palermo, Italy; (A.M.M.); (R.G.); (M.P.)
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Albano GD, Gagliardo RP, Montalbano AM, Profita M. Overview of the Mechanisms of Oxidative Stress: Impact in Inflammation of the Airway Diseases. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:2237. [PMID: 36421423 PMCID: PMC9687037 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11112237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Revised: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 08/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammation of the human lung is mediated in response to different stimuli (e.g., physical, radioactive, infective, pro-allergenic or toxic) such as cigarette smoke and environmental pollutants. They often promote an increase in inflammatory activities in the airways that manifest themselves as chronic diseases (e.g., allergic airway diseases, asthma, chronic bronchitis/chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) or even lung cancer). Increased levels of oxidative stress (OS) reduce the antioxidant defenses, affect the autophagy/mitophagy processes, and the regulatory mechanisms of cell survival, promoting inflammation in the lung. In fact, OS potentiate the inflammatory activities in the lung, favoring the progression of chronic airway diseases. OS increases the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), including superoxide anions (O2-), hydroxyl radicals (OH) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), by the transformation of oxygen through enzymatic and non-enzymatic reactions. In this manner, OS reduces endogenous antioxidant defenses in both nucleated and non-nucleated cells. The production of ROS in the lung can derive from both exogenous insults (cigarette smoke or environmental pollution) and endogenous sources such as cell injury and/or activated inflammatory and structural cells. In this review, we describe the most relevant knowledge concerning the functional interrelation between the mechanisms of OS and inflammation in airway diseases.
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Rocco-Machado N, Lai L, Kim G, He Y, Luczak ED, Anderson ME, Levine RL. Oxidative stress–induced autonomous activation of the calcium/calmodulin-dependent kinase II involves disulfide formation in the regulatory domain. J Biol Chem 2022; 298:102579. [PMID: 36220393 PMCID: PMC9643438 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2022.102579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Revised: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II δ (CaMKIIδ) has a pivotal role in cardiac signaling. Constitutive and deleterious CaMKII “autonomous” activation is induced by oxidative stress, and the previously reported mechanism involves oxidation of methionine residues in the regulatory domain. Here, we demonstrate that covalent oxidation leads to a disulfide bond with Cys273 in the regulatory domain causing autonomous activity. Autonomous activation was induced by treating CaMKII with diamide or histamine chloramine, two thiol-oxidizing agents. Autonomy was reversed when the protein was incubated with DTT or thioredoxin to reduce disulfide bonds. Tryptic mapping of the activated CaMKII revealed formation of a disulfide between Cys273 and Cys290 in the regulatory domain. We determined the apparent pKa of those Cys and found that Cys273 had a low pKa while that of Cys290 was elevated. The low pKa of Cys273 facilitates oxidation of its thiol to the sulfenic acid at physiological pH. The reactive sulfenic acid then attacks the thiol of Cys290 to form the disulfide. The previously reported CaMKII mutant in which methionine residues 281 and 282 were mutated to valine (MMVV) protects mice and flies from cardiac decompensation induced by oxidative stress. Our initial hypothesis was that the MMVV mutant underwent a conformational change that prevented disulfide formation and autonomous activation. However, we found that the thiol-oxidizing agents induced autonomy in the MMVV mutant and that the mutant undergoes rapid degradation by the cell, potentially preventing accumulation of the injurious autonomous form. Together, our results highlight additional mechanistic details of CaMKII autonomous activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathália Rocco-Machado
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Lo Lai
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Geumsoo Kim
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Yi He
- Fermentation Facility, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Elizabeth D Luczak
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Mark E Anderson
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA; Department of Physiology and Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA; Department of Genetic Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Rodney L Levine
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.
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Xu D, Xu C, Xue X, Xu Y, Zhao J, Huang T, Wang Z, Zhao Q, Zhou Z, Huang Y, Yu L, Wang H. Activation of cannabinoid receptor 2 attenuates Angiotensin II-induced atrial fibrillation via a potential NOX/CaMKII mechanism. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:968014. [PMID: 36312282 PMCID: PMC9616165 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.968014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most frequent arrythmia managed in clinical practice. Several mechanisms have been proposed to contribute to the occurrence and persistence of AF, in which oxidative stress plays a non-negligible role. The endocannabinoid system (ECS) is involved in a variety physiological and pathological processes. Cannabinoid receptor 1 (CB1R) and cannabinoid receptor 2 (CB2R) are expressed in the heart, and studies have shown that activating CB2R has a protective effect on the myocardium. However, the role of CB2R in AF is unknown. Materials and methods Angiotensin II (Ang II)-infused mice were treated with the CB2R agonist AM1241 intraperitoneally for 21 days. Atrial structural remodeling, AF inducibility, electrical transmission, oxidative stress and fibrosis were measured in mice. Results The susceptibility to AF and the level of oxidative stress were increased significantly in Ang II-infused mice. In addition, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase 2 (NOX2), NOX4, and oxidized Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (ox-CaMKII) were highly expressed. More importantly, treatment with AM1241 activated CB2R, resulting in a protective effect. Conclusion The present study demonstrates that pharmacological activation of CB2R exerts a protective effect against AF via a potential NOX/CaMKII mechanism. CB2R is a potential therapeutic target for AF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dengyue Xu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, Liaoning, China,Postgraduate College, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Chennian Xu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Xiaodong Xue
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Yinli Xu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Jikai Zhao
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Tao Huang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Zhishang Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Qiusheng Zhao
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Zijun Zhou
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Yuting Huang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Liming Yu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, Liaoning, China,Liming Yu,
| | - Huishan Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, Liaoning, China,*Correspondence: Huishan Wang,
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Zuo X, Liu Z, Ma J, Ding Y, Cai S, Wu C, Zhang J, Zhu Q. Wnt 5a mediated inflammatory injury of renal tubular epithelial cells dependent on calcium signaling pathway in Trichloroethylene sensitized mice. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2022; 243:114019. [PMID: 36030685 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.114019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Revised: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Patients with trichloroethene-induced Trichloroethylene hypersensitivity syndrome (THS) often present kidney injury. However, the role of Wnt 5a/Ca2+ pathway in renal tubular injury in Trichloroethylene (TCE) sensitized mice remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate how Wnt 5a/Ca2+ pathway induced renal tubular epithelial cell injury in TCE sensitized mice. A total of 84 female BALB/c Specific Pathogen Free mice aged 6-8 weeks were used to establish TCE sensitized mouse models. Renal histology and serum levels of α1-MG and β2-MG were used to assess the renal injury. The renal protein levels of Wnt 5a, ROR2, FZD5, PLC, p-CaMKII, IκB α, p-IκB α, NF-κB(p65), TNF α, IL 6 and IL 1β were measured. The levels of serum α1-MG and β2-MG and TNF α, IL 6 and IL 1β levels in the kidney tissue were significantly increased in TCE sensitized positive group. However, Box5 pretreatment inhibited the expression of PLC, p-CaMKII, p65 and attenuated the injury of renal tubular epithelial cells and suppressed the upregulated expression of the above cytokines. In addition, KN93 also reduced nuclear translocation of p65 and renal injury as well as the elevated cytokines by inhibiting CaMKII. These data identify Wnt 5a binding to ROR2 and FZD5, p65 nuclear translocation, and inflammatory cytokine release as a novel mechanism for renal tubular epithelial cells injury by sensitization with TCE. Box5 or KN93 pretreatment can block the expression of inflammatory cytokines and reduce the injury of renal tubular epithelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xulei Zuo
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, PR China
| | - Zhibing Liu
- Institute of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, PR China; Key Laboratory of Dermatology, Ministry of Education, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, PR China
| | - Jinru Ma
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, PR China
| | - Yani Ding
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, PR China
| | - Shuyang Cai
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, PR China
| | - Changhao Wu
- School of Biosciences and Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK
| | - Jiaxiang Zhang
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, PR China; Key Laboratory of Dermatology, Ministry of Education, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, PR China.
| | - Qixing Zhu
- Institute of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, PR China; Key Laboratory of Dermatology, Ministry of Education, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, PR China.
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Caldeira DDAF, Weiss DJ, Rocco PRM, Silva PL, Cruz FF. Mitochondria in Focus: From Function to Therapeutic Strategies in Chronic Lung Diseases. Front Immunol 2021; 12:782074. [PMID: 34887870 PMCID: PMC8649841 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.782074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are essential organelles for cell metabolism, growth, and function. Mitochondria in lung cells have important roles in regulating surfactant production, mucociliary function, mucus secretion, senescence, immunologic defense, and regeneration. Disruption in mitochondrial physiology can be the central point in several pathophysiologic pathways of chronic lung diseases such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, and asthma. In this review, we summarize how mitochondria morphology, dynamics, redox signaling, mitophagy, and interaction with the endoplasmic reticulum are involved in chronic lung diseases and highlight strategies focused on mitochondrial therapy (mito-therapy) that could be tested as a potential therapeutic target for lung diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dayene de Assis Fernandes Caldeira
- Laboratory of Pulmonary Investigation, Institute of Biophysics Carlos Chagas Filho, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Daniel J Weiss
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, United States
| | - Patricia Rieken Macêdo Rocco
- Laboratory of Pulmonary Investigation, Institute of Biophysics Carlos Chagas Filho, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,National Institute of Science and Technology for Regenerative Medicine, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Rio de Janeiro Innovation Network in Nanosystems for Health-NanoSAÚDE/FAPERJ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Pedro Leme Silva
- Laboratory of Pulmonary Investigation, Institute of Biophysics Carlos Chagas Filho, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,National Institute of Science and Technology for Regenerative Medicine, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Rio de Janeiro Innovation Network in Nanosystems for Health-NanoSAÚDE/FAPERJ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Ferreira Cruz
- Laboratory of Pulmonary Investigation, Institute of Biophysics Carlos Chagas Filho, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,National Institute of Science and Technology for Regenerative Medicine, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Rio de Janeiro Innovation Network in Nanosystems for Health-NanoSAÚDE/FAPERJ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Sun MJ, Teng Z, Fan PS, Chen XG, Liu Y. Bridging micro/nano-platform and airway allergy intervention. J Control Release 2021; 341:364-382. [PMID: 34856226 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2021.11.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Revised: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Allergic airway diseases, with incidence augmenting visibly as industrial development and environmental degradation, are characterized by sneezing, itching, wheezing, chest tightness, airway obstruction, and hyperresponsiveness. Current medical modalities attempt to combat these symptoms mostly by small molecule chemotherapeutants, such as corticosteroids, antihistamines, etc., via intranasal approach which is one of the most noninvasive, rapid-absorbed, and patient-friendly routes. Nevertheless, inherent defects for irritation to respiratory mucosa, drug inactivation and degradation, and rapid drug dispersal to off-target sites are inevitable. Lately, intratracheal micro/nano therapeutic systems are emerging as innovative alternatives for airway allergy interventions. This overview introduces several potential application directions of mic/nano-platform in the treatment of airway allergic diseases, including carriers, therapeutic agents, and immunomodulators. The improvement of the existing drug therapy of respiratory allergy management by micro/nano-platform is described in detail. The challenges of the micro/nano-platform nasal approach in the treatment of airway allergy are summarized and the development of micro/nano-platform is also prospected. Although still a burgeoning area, micro/nano therapeutic systems are gradually turning to be realistic orientations as crucial future alternative therapeutic options in allergic airway inflammation interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Jie Sun
- College of Marine Life Science, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, PR China
| | - Zhuang Teng
- College of Marine Life Science, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, PR China
| | - Peng-Sheng Fan
- College of Marine Life Science, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, PR China
| | - Xi-Guang Chen
- College of Marine Life Science, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, PR China; Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266000, PR China
| | - Ya Liu
- College of Marine Life Science, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, PR China.
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Hu X, Shen Y, Zhao Y, Wang J, Zhang X, Tu W, Kaufman W, Feng J, Gao P. Epithelial Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor Protects From Mucus Production by Inhibiting ROS-Triggered NLRP3 Inflammasome in Asthma. Front Immunol 2021; 12:767508. [PMID: 34868022 PMCID: PMC8634667 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.767508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Despite long-standing recognition in the significance of mucus overproduction in asthma, its etiology remains poorly understood. Muc5ac is a secretory mucin that has been associated with reduced pulmonary function and asthma exacerbations. Objectives We sought to investigate the immunological pathway that controls Muc5ac expression and allergic airway inflammation in asthma. Methods Cockroach allergen-induced Muc5ac expression and aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) signaling activation was examined in the human bronchial epithelial cells (HBECs) and mouse model of asthma. AhR regulation of Muc5ac expression, mitochondrial ROS (Mito-ROS) generation, and NLRP3 inflammasome was determined by AhR knockdown, the antagonist CH223191, and AhR-/- mice. The role of NLRP3 inflammasome in Muc5ac expression and airway inflammation was also investigated. Results Cockroach allergen induced Muc5ac overexpression in HBECs and airways of asthma mouse model. Increased expression of AhR and its downstream genes CYP1A1 and CYP1B1 was also observed. Mice with AhR deletion showed increased allergic airway inflammation and MUC5AC expression. Moreover, cockroach allergen induced epithelial NLRP3 inflammasome activation (e.g., NLRP3, Caspase-1, and IL-1β), which was enhanced by AhR knockdown or the antagonist CH223191. Furthermore, AhR deletion in HBECs led to enhanced ROS generation, particularly Mito-ROS, and inhibition of ROS or Mito-ROS subsequently suppressed the inflammasome activation. Importantly, inhibition of the inflammasome with MCC950, a NLRP3-specifc inhibitor, attenuated allergic airway inflammation and Muc5ac expression. IL-1β generated by the activated inflammasomes mediated cockroach allergen-induced Muc5ac expression in HBECs. Conclusions These results reveal a previously unidentified functional axis of AhR-ROS-NLRP3 inflammasome in regulating Muc5ac expression and airway inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyue Hu
- Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yingchun Shen
- Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Yilin Zhao
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Ji Wang
- Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Laboratory of Pulmonary Immunology and Inflammation, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Wei Tu
- Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
- Department of Respirology & Allergy, Third Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - William Kaufman
- Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Juntao Feng
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Peisong Gao
- Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
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12
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Michaeloudes C, Abubakar-Waziri H, Lakhdar R, Raby K, Dixey P, Adcock IM, Mumby S, Bhavsar PK, Chung KF. Molecular mechanisms of oxidative stress in asthma. Mol Aspects Med 2021; 85:101026. [PMID: 34625291 DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2021.101026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The lungs are exposed to reactive oxygen species oxygen (ROS) produced as a result of inhalation of oxygen, as well as smoke and other air pollutants. Cell metabolism and the NADPH oxidases (Nox) generate low levels of intracellular ROS that act as signal transduction mediators by inducing oxidative modifications of histones, enzymes and transcription factors. Redox signalling is also regulated by localised production and sensing of ROS in mitochondria, the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and inside the nucleus. Intracellular ROS are maintained at low levels through the action of a battery of enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants. Asthma is a heterogeneous airway inflammatory disease with different immune endotypes; these include atopic or non-atopic Th2 type immune response associated with eosinophilia, or a non-Th2 response associated with neutrophilia. Airway remodelling and hyperresponsiveness accompany the inflammatory response in asthma. Over-production of ROS resulting from infiltrating immune cells, particularly eosinophils and neutrophils, and a concomitant impairment of antioxidant responses lead to development of oxidative stress in asthma. Oxidative stress is augmented in severe asthma and during exacerbations, as well as by air pollution and obesity, and causes oxidative damage of tissues promoting airway inflammation and hyperresponsiveness. Furthermore, deregulated Nox activity, mitochondrial dysfunction, ER stress and/or oxidative DNA damage, resulting from exposure to irritants, inflammatory mediators or obesity, may lead to redox-dependent changes in cell signalling. ROS play a central role in airway epithelium-mediated sensing, development of innate and adaptive immune responses, and airway remodelling and hyperresponsiveness. Nonetheless, antioxidant compounds have proven clinically ineffective as therapeutic agents for asthma, partly due to issues with stability and in vivo metabolism of these compounds. The compartmentalised nature of ROS production and sensing, and the role of ROS in homeostatic responses and in the action of corticosteroids and β2-adrenergic receptor agonists, adds another layer of complexity to antioxidant therapy development. Nox inhibitors and mitochondrial-targeted antioxidants are in clinical development for a number of diseases but they have not yet been investigated in asthma. A better understanding of the complex role of ROS in the pathogenesis of asthma will highlight new opportunities for more targeted and effective redox therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charalambos Michaeloudes
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom; NIHR Imperial Biomedical Research Centre, United Kingdom.
| | - Hisham Abubakar-Waziri
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom; NIHR Imperial Biomedical Research Centre, United Kingdom
| | - Ramzi Lakhdar
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Katie Raby
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Piers Dixey
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom; NIHR Imperial Biomedical Research Centre, United Kingdom
| | - Ian M Adcock
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom; NIHR Imperial Biomedical Research Centre, United Kingdom
| | - Sharon Mumby
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom; NIHR Imperial Biomedical Research Centre, United Kingdom
| | - Pankaj K Bhavsar
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom; NIHR Imperial Biomedical Research Centre, United Kingdom
| | - Kian Fan Chung
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom; NIHR Imperial Biomedical Research Centre, United Kingdom; Royal Brompton & Harefield NHS Trust, London, UK
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CaMKII oxidation is a critical performance/disease trade-off acquired at the dawn of vertebrate evolution. Nat Commun 2021; 12:3175. [PMID: 34039988 PMCID: PMC8155201 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-23549-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Antagonistic pleiotropy is a foundational theory that predicts aging-related diseases are the result of evolved genetic traits conferring advantages early in life. Here we examine CaMKII, a pluripotent signaling molecule that contributes to common aging-related diseases, and find that its activation by reactive oxygen species (ROS) was acquired more than half-a-billion years ago along the vertebrate stem lineage. Functional experiments using genetically engineered mice and flies reveal ancestral vertebrates were poised to benefit from the union of ROS and CaMKII, which conferred physiological advantage by allowing ROS to increase intracellular Ca2+ and activate transcriptional programs important for exercise and immunity. Enhanced sensitivity to the adverse effects of ROS in diseases and aging is thus a trade-off for positive traits that facilitated the early and continued evolutionary success of vertebrates. Natural selection may favor traits underlying aging-related diseases if they benefit the young. Wang et al. find that oxidative activation of CaMKII provides physiological benefits critical to the initial and continued success of vertebrates but at the cost of disease, frailty, and shortened lifespan.
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14
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Wang L, Ginnan RG, Wang YX, Zheng YM. Interactive Roles of CaMKII/Ryanodine Receptor Signaling and Inflammation in Lung Diseases. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021; 1303:305-317. [PMID: 33788199 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-63046-1_16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) is a multifunctional protein kinase and has been recently recognized to play a vital role in pathological events in the pulmonary system. CaMKII has diverse downstream targets that promote vascular disease, asthma, and cancer, so improved understanding of CaMKII signaling has the potential to lead to new therapies for lung diseases. Multiple studies have demonstrated that CaMKII is involved in redox modulation of ryanodine receptors (RyRs). CaMKII can be directly activated by reactive oxygen species (ROS) which then regulates RyR activity, which is essential for Ca2+-dependent processes in lung diseases. Furthermore, both CaMKII and RyRs participate in the inflammation process. However, their role in the pulmonary physiology in response to ROS is still an ambiguous one. Because CaMKII and RyRs are important in pulmonary biology, cell survival, cell cycle control, and inflammation, it is possible that the relationship between ROS and CaMKII/RyRs signal complex will be necessary for understanding and treating lung diseases. Here, we review roles of CaMKII/RyRs in lung diseases to understand with how CaMKII/RyRs may act as a transduction signal to connect prooxidant conditions into specific downstream pathological effects that are relevant to rare and common forms of pulmonary disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan Wang
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY, USA.,Department of Cardio-Pulmonary Circulation, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Roman G Ginnan
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY, USA
| | - Yong-Xiao Wang
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY, USA.
| | - Yun-Min Zheng
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY, USA.
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15
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Zhang Y, Do DC, Hu X, Wang J, Zhao Y, Mishra S, Zhang X, Wan M, Gao P. CaMKII oxidation regulates cockroach allergen-induced mitophagy in asthma. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2021; 147:1464-1477.e11. [PMID: 32920093 PMCID: PMC8544000 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2020.08.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Revised: 08/09/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Autophagy plays an important role in causing inflammatory responses initiated by environmental pollutants and respiratory tract infection. OBJECTIVE We sought to investigate the role of cockroach allergen-induced excessive activation of autophagy in allergic airway inflammation and its underlying molecular mechanisms. METHODS Environmental allergen-induced autophagy was investigated in the primary human bronchial epithelial cells (HBECs) and lung tissues of asthmatic mouse model and patients. The role of autophagy in asthma development was examined by using autophagy inhibitor 3-methyladenine in an asthma mouse model. Furthermore, the involvements of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and oxidized Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (ox-CaMKII) signaling in regulating autophagy during asthma were examined in allergen-treated HBECs and mouse model. RESULTS Cockroach allergen activated autophagy in HBECs and in the lung tissues from asthmatic patients and mice. Autophagy inhibitor 3-methyladenine significantly attenuated airway hyperresponsiveness, TH2-associated lung inflammation, and ROS generation. Mechanistically, we demonstrated a pathological feedforward circuit between cockroach allergen-induced ROS and autophagy that is mediated through CaMKII oxidation. Furthermore, transgenic mice with ROS-resistant CaMKII MM-VVδ showed attenuation of TH2-associated lung inflammation and autophagy. Mitochondrial ox-CaMKII inhibition induced by adenovirus carrying mitochondrial-targeted inhibitor peptide CaMKIIN suppresses cockroach allergen-induced autophagy, mitochondrial dysfunction, mitophagy, and cytokine production in HBECs. Finally, mitochondrial CaMKII inhibition suppressed the expression of one of the key ubiquitin-binding autophagy receptors, optineurin, and its recruitment to fragmented mitochondria. Optineurin knockdown inhibited cockroach allergy-induced mitophagy. CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest a previously uncovered axis of allergen-ROS-ox-CaMKII-mitophagy in the development of allergic airway inflammation and asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhang
- Johns Hopkins Asthma & Allergy Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Md; Department of Respiratory Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Danh C Do
- Johns Hopkins Asthma & Allergy Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Md
| | - Xinyue Hu
- Johns Hopkins Asthma & Allergy Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Md; Department of Respiratory Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Ji Wang
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yilin Zhao
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Sumita Mishra
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Mei Wan
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Md
| | - Peisong Gao
- Johns Hopkins Asthma & Allergy Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Md.
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16
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Roy SJ, Koval OM, Sebag SC, Ait-Aissa K, Allen BG, Spitz DR, Grumbach IM. Inhibition of CaMKII in mitochondria preserves endothelial barrier function after irradiation. Free Radic Biol Med 2020; 146:287-298. [PMID: 31711984 PMCID: PMC7274136 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2019.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2019] [Revised: 11/04/2019] [Accepted: 11/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Damage to the microvascular endothelium is an important part of normal tissue injury after radiation exposure and driven by the production of pro-oxidants. The Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II is present in the mitochondrial matrix (mitoCaMKII) where it regulates Ca2+ uptake via the mitochondrial Ca2+ uniporter (MCU) and pro-oxidant production. Here, we demonstrate that radiation exposure disrupts endothelial cell barrier integrity in vitro, but can be abrogated by inhibition of mitoCaMKII, MCU, or opening of the mitochondrial transition pore. Scavenging of mitochondrial pro-oxidants with mitoTEMPO before, but not after irradiation, protected barrier function. Furthermore, markers of apoptosis and mitochondrial pro-oxidant production were elevated at 24 h following irradiation and abolished by mitoCaMKII inhibition. Endothelial barrier dysfunction was detected as early as 2 h after irradiation. Despite only mildly impaired mitochondrial respiration, the intracellular ATP levels were significantly reduced 4 h after irradiation and correlated with barrier function. MitoCaMKII inhibition improved intracellular ATP concentrations by increasing glycolysis. Finally, DNA double strand break repair and non-homologous end joining, two major drivers of ATP consumption after irradiation, were greatly increased but not significantly affected by mitoCaMKII inhibition. These findings support the hypothesis that mitoCaMKII activity is linked to mitochondrial pro-oxidant production, reduced ATP production, and loss of endothelial barrier function following irradiation. The inhibition of mitoCaMKII is a promising approach to limiting radiation-induced endothelial injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen J Roy
- Abboud Cardiovascular Research Center, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, 169 Newton Rd, 4336 PBDB, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
| | - Olha M Koval
- Abboud Cardiovascular Research Center, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, 169 Newton Rd, 4336 PBDB, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
| | - Sara C Sebag
- Abboud Cardiovascular Research Center, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, 169 Newton Rd, 4336 PBDB, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
| | - Karima Ait-Aissa
- Abboud Cardiovascular Research Center, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, 169 Newton Rd, 4336 PBDB, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
| | - Bryan G Allen
- Free Radical and Radiation Biology Program, Department of Radiation Oncology, Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, B180 Medical Laboratories, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
| | - Douglas R Spitz
- Free Radical and Radiation Biology Program, Department of Radiation Oncology, Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, B180 Medical Laboratories, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
| | - Isabella M Grumbach
- Abboud Cardiovascular Research Center, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, 169 Newton Rd, 4336 PBDB, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA; Free Radical and Radiation Biology Program, Department of Radiation Oncology, Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, B180 Medical Laboratories, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA; Veterans Affairs Health Care System, 601 Hwy 6 West Iowa City, IA, 52246, USA.
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Inhibitor 1 of Protein Phosphatase 1 Regulates Ca 2+/Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinase II to Alleviate Oxidative Stress in Hypoxia-Reoxygenation Injury of Cardiomyocytes. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2019; 2019:2193019. [PMID: 31885777 PMCID: PMC6925801 DOI: 10.1155/2019/2193019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2019] [Revised: 09/20/2019] [Accepted: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII), regulated by inhibitor 1 of protein phosphatase 1 (I1PP1), is vital for maintaining cardiovascular homeostasis. However, the role and mechanism of I1PP1 against hypoxia-reoxygenation (H/R) injury in cardiomyocytes remain a question. In our study, after I1PP1 overexpression by adenovirus infection in the neonatal cardiomyocytes followed by hypoxia for 4 h and reoxygenation for 12 h, the CaMKIIδ alternative splicing subtype, ATP content, and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release were determined. CaMKII activity was evaluated by phosphoprotein phosphorylation at Thr17 (p-PLB Thr17), CaMKII phosphorylation (p-CaMKII), and CaMKII oxidation (ox-CaMKII). Reactive oxygen species (ROS), mitochondrial membrane potential, dynamin-related protein 1 (DRP1), and optic atrophy 1 (OPA1) expressions were assessed. Our study verified that I1PP1 overexpression attenuated the CaMKIIδ alternative splicing disorder; suppressed PLB phosphorylation at Thr17, p-CaMKII, and ox-CaMKII; decreased cell LDH release; increased ATP content; attenuated ROS production; increased mitochondrial membrane potential; and decreased DRP1 expression but increased OPA1 expression in the cardiomyocytes after H/R. Contrarily, CaMKIIδ alternative splicing disorder, LDH release, ATP reduction, and ROS accumulation were aggravated after H/R injury with the I1PP1 knockdown. Collectively, I1PP1 overexpression corrected disorders of CaMKIIδ alternative splicing, inhibited CaMKII phosphorylation, repressed CaMKII oxidation, suppressed ROS production, and attenuated cardiomyocyte H/R injury.
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18
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Sachdeva K, Do DC, Zhang Y, Hu X, Chen J, Gao P. Environmental Exposures and Asthma Development: Autophagy, Mitophagy, and Cellular Senescence. Front Immunol 2019; 10:2787. [PMID: 31849968 PMCID: PMC6896909 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.02787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2019] [Accepted: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Environmental pollutants and allergens induce oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction, leading to key features of allergic asthma. Dysregulations in autophagy, mitophagy, and cellular senescence have been associated with environmental pollutant and allergen-induced oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, secretion of multiple inflammatory proteins, and subsequently development of asthma. Particularly, particulate matter 2.5 (PM2.5) has been reported to induce autophagy in the bronchial epithelial cells through activation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), drive mitophagy through activating PTEN-induced kinase 1(PINK1)/Parkin pathway, and induce cell cycle arrest and senescence. Intriguingly, allergens, including ovalbumin (OVA), Alternaria alternata, and cockroach allergen, have also been shown to induce autophagy through activation of different signaling pathways. Additionally, mitochondrial dysfunction can induce cell senescence due to excessive ROS production, which affects airway diseases. Although autophagy and senescence share similar properties, recent studies suggest that autophagy can either accelerate the development of senescence or prevent senescence. Thus, in this review, we evaluated the literature regarding the basic cellular processes, including autophagy, mitophagy, and cellular senescence, explored their molecular mechanisms in the regulation of the initiation and downstream signaling. Especially, we highlighted their involvement in environmental pollutant/allergen-induced major phenotypic changes of asthma such as airway inflammation and remodeling and reviewed novel and critical research areas for future studies. Ultimately, understanding the regulatory mechanisms of autophagy, mitophagy, and cellular senescence may allow for the development of new therapeutic targets for asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karan Sachdeva
- Johns Hopkins Asthma & Allergy Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Danh C. Do
- Johns Hopkins Asthma & Allergy Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Yan Zhang
- Johns Hopkins Asthma & Allergy Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xinyue Hu
- Johns Hopkins Asthma & Allergy Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jingsi Chen
- Johns Hopkins Asthma & Allergy Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
- Department of Dermatology, Children's Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Peisong Gao
- Johns Hopkins Asthma & Allergy Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
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Wang E, Liu X, Tu W, Do DC, Yu H, Yang L, Zhou Y, Xu D, Huang S, Yang P, Ran P, Gao P, Liu Z. Benzo(a)pyrene facilitates dermatophagoides group 1 (Der f 1)-induced epithelial cytokine release through aryl hydrocarbon receptor in asthma. Allergy 2019; 74:1675-1690. [PMID: 30982974 PMCID: PMC6790621 DOI: 10.1111/all.13784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2018] [Revised: 01/24/2019] [Accepted: 02/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Environmental pollutants, which coexist with allergens, have been associated with the exacerbation of asthma. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms remain elusive. We sought to determine whether benzo(a)pyrene (BaP) co-exposure with dermatophagoides group 1 allergen (Der f 1) can potentiate Der f 1-induced asthma and its underlying mechanisms. METHODS The effect of BaP was investigated in Der f 1-induced mouse model of asthma, including airway hyper-responsiveness, allergic inflammation, and epithelial-derived cytokines. The impact of BaP on Der f 1-induced airway epithelial cell oxidative stress (ROS) and cytokine release was further analyzed. The role of aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) signaling in BaP-promoted Der f 1-induced ROS, cytokine production, and allergic inflammation was also investigated. RESULTS Compared with Der f 1, BaP co-exposure with Der f 1 led to airway hyper-responsiveness and increased lung inflammation in mouse model of asthma. Increased expression of TSLP, IL-33, and IL-25 was also found in the airways of these mice. Moreover, BaP co-exposure with Der f 1 activated AhR signaling with increased expression of AhR and CYP1A1 and promoted airway epithelial ROS generation and TSLP and IL-33, but not IL-25, expression. Interestingly, AhR antagonist CH223191 or cells with AhR knockdown abrogated the increased expression of ROS, TSLP, and IL-33. Furthermore, ROS inhibitor N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC) also suppressed BaP co-exposure-induced expression of epithelial TSLP, IL-33, and IL-25. Finally, AhR antagonist CH223191 and NAC inhibited BaP co-exposure with Der f 1-induced lung inflammation. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that BaP facilitates Der f 1-induced epithelial cytokine release through the AhR-ROS axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eryi Wang
- The Affiliated Luohu Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Luohu Hospital GroupShenzhenChina
- The State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease for Allergy, Shenzhen University School of MedicineShenzhen UniversityShenzhenChina
| | - Xiaoyu Liu
- The State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease for Allergy, Shenzhen University School of MedicineShenzhen UniversityShenzhenChina
| | - Wei Tu
- The Affiliated Luohu Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Luohu Hospital GroupShenzhenChina
- The State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease for Allergy, Shenzhen University School of MedicineShenzhen UniversityShenzhenChina
| | - Danh C. Do
- Johns Hopkins Asthma and Allergy CenterJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMaryland
| | - Haiqiong Yu
- The Affiliated Luohu Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Luohu Hospital GroupShenzhenChina
| | - Liteng Yang
- The Affiliated Luohu Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Luohu Hospital GroupShenzhenChina
| | - Yufeng Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Neonatal Disease, Ministry of Health, Children's Hospital and Institute of Biomedical SciencesFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Damo Xu
- Institute of Infection, Immunity and InflammationUniversity of GlasgowGlasgowUK
| | - Shau‐Ku Huang
- The Affiliated Luohu Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Luohu Hospital GroupShenzhenChina
- Johns Hopkins Asthma and Allergy CenterJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMaryland
- National Institute of Environmental Health SciencesNational Health Research InstitutesMiaoliTaiwan
| | - Pingchang Yang
- The Affiliated Luohu Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Luohu Hospital GroupShenzhenChina
- The State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease for Allergy, Shenzhen University School of MedicineShenzhen UniversityShenzhenChina
| | - Pixin Ran
- Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Disease, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, The First Affiliated HospitalGuangzhou Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Pei‐Song Gao
- Johns Hopkins Asthma and Allergy CenterJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMaryland
| | - Zhigang Liu
- The Affiliated Luohu Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Luohu Hospital GroupShenzhenChina
- The State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease for Allergy, Shenzhen University School of MedicineShenzhen UniversityShenzhenChina
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Qu J, Mei Q, Niu R. Oxidative CaMKII as a potential target for inflammatory disease (Review). Mol Med Rep 2019; 20:863-870. [PMID: 31173191 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2019.10309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2018] [Accepted: 05/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
CaMKII is a calcium‑activated kinase, proved to be modulated by oxidation. Currently, the oxidative activation of CaMKII exists in several models of asthma, chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps, cardiovascular disease, diabetes mellitus, acute ischemic stroke and cancer. Oxidized CaMKII (ox‑CaMKII) may be important in several of these diseases. The present review examines the mechanism underlying the oxidative activation of CaMKII and summarizes the current findings associated with the function of ox‑CaMKII in inflammatory diseases. Taken together, the findings of this review aim to improve current understanding of the function of ox‑CaMKII and provide novel insights for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Qu
- Department of Lung Cancer and Gastroenterology, Hunan Cancer Hospital, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Xiangya Medical School of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, P.R. China
| | - Quanhui Mei
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, The First People's Hospital of Changde City, Changde, Hunan 410005, P.R. China
| | - Ruichao Niu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, P.R. China
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Ebrahimi F, Sadr SS, Roghani M, Khamse S, Mohammadian Haftcheshmeh S, Navid Hamidi M, Mohseni-Moghaddam P, Zamani E. Assessment of the protective effect of KN-93 drug in systemic epilepsy disorders induced by pilocarpine in male rat. J Cell Biochem 2019; 120:15906-15914. [PMID: 31074121 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.28864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2018] [Revised: 02/05/2019] [Accepted: 02/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Epileptic seizures occur as a consequence of a sudden imbalance between the stimuli and inhibitors within the network of cortical neurons in favor of the stimulus. One of the drugs that induce epilepsy is pilocarpine. Systemic injection of pilocarpine affects on muscarinic receptors. Increasing evidence has addressed the implication of KN-93 by blocking Ca2+ /calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII), suppressing oxidative stress and inflammation, and also reducing neuron decay. So, we aimed to evaluate the potential preventive effects of KN-93 in systemic epilepsy disorders induced by pilocarpine. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this animal study, male rats were divided into five groups including treatment group (KN-93 with the dose of 5 mM/10 µL dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) before inducing epilepsy by 380 mg/kg pilocarpine) KN-93 group (received 5 mM KN-93), control group, epilepsy group (received 380 mg/kg pilocarpine Intraperitoneal), and sham group (received 10 µL DMSO). Oxidative stress was assessed by measuring its indicators including the concentration of malondialdehyde (MDA), nitrite, glutathione (GSH), as well as the antioxidant activity of catalase. In addition, serum levels of proinflammatory mediators including tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) were determined. RESULTS Pretreatment with KN-93 significantly reduced oxidative stress index by reducing the concentration of MDA, nitrite, and increasing the level of GSH. In addition, low concentrations of TNF-α and IL-1β were observed in hippocampus supernatant of KN-93 pretreated rats in comparison with the pilocarpine groups. Moreover, administration of KN-93 improved neuronal density and attenuated the seizure activity and behavior. CONCLUSIONS Overall, our findings suggest that KN-93 can effectively suppress oxidative stress and inflammation. Furthermore, KN-93 is able to attenuate seizure behaviors by preventing its effects on neuron loss, so, it is valuable for the treatment of epileptic seizures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Ebrahimi
- Electrophysiology Research Center, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Shahabeddin Sadr
- Electrophysiology Research Center, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehrdad Roghani
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Shahed University and Medicinal Plant Research Center, Tehran, Iran
| | - Safoura Khamse
- Electrophysiology Research Center, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saeed Mohammadian Haftcheshmeh
- Department of Medical Immunology, Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mojdeh Navid Hamidi
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Elham Zamani
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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22
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Virkud YV, Kelly RS, Croteau-Chonka DC, Celedón JC, Dahlin A, Avila L, Raby BA, Weiss ST, Lasky-Su JA. Novel eosinophilic gene expression networks associated with IgE in two distinct asthma populations. Clin Exp Allergy 2018; 48:1654-1664. [PMID: 30107053 PMCID: PMC6659730 DOI: 10.1111/cea.13249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2017] [Revised: 07/02/2018] [Accepted: 07/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Asthma represents a significant public health burden; however, novel biological therapies targeting immunoglobulin E (IgE)-mediated pathways have widened clinical treatment options for the disease. OBJECTIVE In this study, we sought to identify gene transcripts and gene networks involved in the determination of serum IgE levels in people with asthma that can help inform the development of novel therapeutic agents. METHODS We analysed gene expression data from a cross-sectional study of 326 Costa Rican children with asthma, aged 6 to 12 years, from the Genetics of Asthma in Costa Rica Study and 610 young adults with asthma, aged 16 to 25 years, from the Childhood Asthma Management Program trial. We utilized differential gene expression analysis and performed weighted gene coexpression network analysis on 25 060 genes, to identify gene transcripts and network modules associated with total IgE, adjusting for age and gender. We used pathway enrichment analyses to identify key biological pathways underlying significant modules. We compared findings that replicated between both populations. RESULTS We identified 31 transcripts associated with total IgE that replicated between the two study cohorts. These results were notable for increased eosinophil-related transcripts (including IL5RA, CLC, SMPD3, CCL23 and CEBPE). Pathway enrichment identified the regulation of T cell tolerance as important in the determination of total IgE levels, supporting a key role for IDO1. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE These results provide robust evidence that biologically meaningful gene expression profiles (relating to eosinophilic and regulatory T cell pathways in particular) associated with total IgE levels can be identified in individuals diagnosed with asthma during childhood. These profiles and their constituent genes may represent novel therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yamini V Virkud
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital for Children, Boston, Massachusetts.,Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Rachel S Kelly
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Damien C Croteau-Chonka
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Juan C Celedón
- Division of Pediatric Pulmonary Medicine, Allergy and Immunology, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Amber Dahlin
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Lydiana Avila
- Department of Pediatrics, Hospital Nacional de Niños, San Jose, Costa Rica
| | - Benjamin A Raby
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Scott T Weiss
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jessica A Lasky-Su
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
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23
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Oxidative stress in chronic lung disease: From mitochondrial dysfunction to dysregulated redox signaling. Mol Aspects Med 2018; 63:59-69. [PMID: 30098327 DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2018.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2018] [Revised: 08/02/2018] [Accepted: 08/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The lung is a delicate organ with a large surface area that is continuously exposed to the external environment, and is therefore highly vulnerable to exogenous sources of oxidative stress. In addition, each of its approximately 40 cell types can also generate reactive oxygen species (ROS), as byproducts of cellular metabolism and in a more regulated manner by NOX enzymes with functions in host defense, immune regulation, and cell proliferation or differentiation. To effectively regulate the biological actions of exogenous and endogenous ROS, various enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant defense systems are present in all lung cell types to provide adequate protection against their injurious effects and to allow for appropriate ROS-mediated biological signaling. Acute and chronic lung diseases are commonly thought to be associated with increased oxidative stress, evidenced by altered cellular or extracellular redox status, increased irreversible oxidative modifications in proteins or DNA, mitochondrial dysfunction, and altered expression or activity of NOX enzymes and antioxidant enzyme systems. However, supplementation strategies with generic antioxidants have been minimally successful in prevention or treatment of lung disease, most likely due to their inability to distinguish between harmful and beneficial actions of ROS. Recent studies have attempted to identify specific redox-based mechanisms that may mediate chronic lung disease, such as allergic asthma or pulmonary fibrosis, which provide opportunities for selective redox-based therapeutic strategies that may be useful in treatment of these diseases.
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24
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Qiu L, Zhang Y, Do DC, Ke X, Zhang S, Lambert K, Kumar S, Hu C, Zhou Y, Ishmael FT, Gao P. miR-155 Modulates Cockroach Allergen- and Oxidative Stress-Induced Cyclooxygenase-2 in Asthma. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2018; 201:916-929. [PMID: 29967100 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1701167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2017] [Accepted: 06/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Exposure to cockroach allergen is a strong risk factor for developing asthma. Asthma has been associated with allergen-induced airway epithelial damage and heightened oxidant stress. In this study, we investigated cockroach allergen-induced oxidative stress in airway epithelium and its underlying mechanisms. We found that cockroach extract (CRE) could induce reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, particularly mitochondrial-derived ROS, in human bronchial epithelial cells. We then used the RT2 Profiler PCR array and identified that cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) was the most significantly upregulated gene related to CRE-induced oxidative stress. miR-155, predicted to target COX-2, was increased in CRE-treated human bronchial epithelial cells, and was showed to regulate COX-2 expression. Moreover, miR-155 can bind COX-2, induce COX-2 reporter activity, and maintain mRNA stability. Furthermore, CRE-treated miR-155-/- mice showed reduced levels of ROS and COX-2 expression in lung tissues and PGE2 in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid compared with wild-type mice. These miR-155-/- mice also showed reduced lung inflammation and Th2/Th17 cytokines. In contrast, when miR-155-/- mice were transfected with adeno-associated virus carrying miR-155, the phenotypic changes in CRE-treated miR-155-/- mice were remarkably reversed, including ROS, COX-2 expression, lung inflammation, and Th2/Th17 cytokines. Importantly, plasma miR-155 levels were elevated in severe asthmatics when compared with nonasthmatics or mild-to-moderate asthmatics. These increased plasma miR-155 levels were also observed in asthmatics with cockroach allergy compared with those without cockroach allergy. Collectively, these findings suggest that COX-2 is a major gene related to cockroach allergen-induced oxidative stress and highlight a novel role of miR-155 in regulating the ROS-COX-2 axis in asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lipeng Qiu
- Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21224.,Institute of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21224.,Department of Respiratory Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Danh C Do
- Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21224
| | - Xia Ke
- Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21224
| | - Simin Zhang
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Pennsylvania State University Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA 17033; and
| | - Kristin Lambert
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Pennsylvania State University Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA 17033; and
| | - Shruthi Kumar
- Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21224
| | - Chengping Hu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Yufeng Zhou
- Children's Hospital and Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Key Laboratory of Neonatal Diseases, Ministry of Health, Shanghai 201102, China
| | - Faoud T Ishmael
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Pennsylvania State University Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA 17033; and
| | - Peisong Gao
- Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21224;
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25
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Beckendorf J, van den Hoogenhof MMG, Backs J. Physiological and unappreciated roles of CaMKII in the heart. Basic Res Cardiol 2018; 113:29. [PMID: 29905892 PMCID: PMC6003982 DOI: 10.1007/s00395-018-0688-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2018] [Accepted: 06/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
In the cardiomyocyte, CaMKII has been identified as a nodal influencer of excitation-contraction and also excitation-transcription coupling. Its activity can be regulated in response to changes in intracellular calcium content as well as after several post-translational modifications. Some of the effects mediated by CaMKII may be considered adaptive, while effects of sustained CaMKII activity may turn into the opposite and are detrimental to cardiac integrity and function. As such, CaMKII has long been noted as a promising target for pharmacological inhibition, but the ubiquitous nature of CaMKII has made it difficult to target CaMKII specifically where it is detrimental. In this review, we provide a brief overview of the physiological and pathophysiological properties of CaMKII signaling, but we focus on the physiological and adaptive functions of CaMKII. Furthermore, special consideration is given to the emerging role of CaMKII as a mediator of inflammatory processes in the heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Beckendorf
- Department for Molecular Cardiology and Epigenetics, University Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 669, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.,Department for Cardiology, Angiology and Pneumology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Heidelberg/Mannheim, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Maarten M G van den Hoogenhof
- Department for Molecular Cardiology and Epigenetics, University Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 669, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Heidelberg/Mannheim, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Johannes Backs
- Department for Molecular Cardiology and Epigenetics, University Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 669, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany. .,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Heidelberg/Mannheim, Heidelberg, Germany.
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26
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Pennington SM, Klutho PR, Xie L, Broadhurst K, Koval OM, McCormick ML, Spitz DR, Grumbach IM. Defective protein repair under methionine sulfoxide A deletion drives autophagy and ARE-dependent gene transcription. Redox Biol 2018; 16:401-413. [PMID: 29649787 PMCID: PMC5953240 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2018.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2018] [Revised: 03/21/2018] [Accepted: 04/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Reduction of oxidized methionines is emerging as a major protein repair pathway. The lack of methionine sulfoxide reductase A (MsrA) exacerbates cardiovascular disease phenotypes driven by increased oxidative stress. However, the role of MsrA on maintaining cellular homeostasis in the absence of excessive oxidative stress is less well understood. METHODS AND RESULTS Constitutive genetic deletion of MsrA increased formation of p62-containing protein aggregates, activated autophagy, and decreased a marker of apoptosis in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC). The association of Keap1 with p62 was augmented in MsrA-/- VSMC. Keap1 targets the transcription factor Nrf2, which regulates antioxidant genes, for proteasomal degradation. However, in MsrA-/- VSMC, the association of Nrf2 with Keap1 was diminished. Whereas Nrf2 mRNA levels were not decreased in MsrA-/- VSMC, we detected decreased ubiquitination of Nrf2 and a corresponding increase in total Nrf2 protein in the absence of biochemical markers of oxidative stress. Moreover, nuclear-localized Nrf2 was increased under MsrA deficiency, resulting in upregulation of Nrf2-dependent transcriptional activity. Consequently, transcription, protein levels and enzymatic activity of glutamate-cysteine ligase and glutathione reductase were greatly augmented in MsrA-/- VSMC. SUMMARY Our findings demonstrate that reversal of methionine oxidation is required for maintenance of cellular homeostasis in the absence of increased oxidative stress. These data provide the first link between autophagy and activation of Nrf2 in the setting of MsrA deletion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven M Pennington
- Abboud Cardiovascular Research Center, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Paula R Klutho
- Abboud Cardiovascular Research Center, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Litao Xie
- Abboud Cardiovascular Research Center, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Kim Broadhurst
- Abboud Cardiovascular Research Center, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Olha M Koval
- Abboud Cardiovascular Research Center, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Michael L McCormick
- Free Radical and Radiation Biology Program, Department of Radiation Oncology, Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Douglas R Spitz
- Free Radical and Radiation Biology Program, Department of Radiation Oncology, Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Isabella M Grumbach
- Abboud Cardiovascular Research Center, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA; Free Radical and Radiation Biology Program, Department of Radiation Oncology, Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA; Veterans Affairs Healthcare System, Iowa City, IA 52246, USA.
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27
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Reznikov LR, Meyerholz DK, Abou Alaiwa M, Kuan SP, Liao YSJ, Bormann NL, Bair TB, Price M, Stoltz DA, Welsh MJ. The vagal ganglia transcriptome identifies candidate therapeutics for airway hyperreactivity. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2018; 315:L133-L148. [PMID: 29631359 PMCID: PMC6139658 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00557.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Mainstay therapeutics are ineffective in some people with asthma, suggesting a need for additional agents. In the current study, we used vagal ganglia transcriptome profiling and connectivity mapping to identify compounds beneficial for alleviating airway hyperreactivity (AHR). As a comparison, we also used previously published transcriptome data from sensitized mouse lungs and human asthmatic endobronchial biopsies. All transcriptomes revealed agents beneficial for mitigating AHR; however, only the vagal ganglia transcriptome identified agents used clinically to treat asthma (flunisolide, isoetarine). We also tested one compound identified by vagal ganglia transcriptome profiling that had not previously been linked to asthma and found that it had bronchodilator effects in both mouse and pig airways. These data suggest that transcriptome profiling of the vagal ganglia might be a novel strategy to identify potential asthma therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leah R Reznikov
- Department of Physiological Sciences, University of Florida , Gainesville, Florida
| | | | - Mahmoud Abou Alaiwa
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa , Iowa City, Iowa.,Pappajohn Biomedical Institute, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa , Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Shin-Ping Kuan
- Department of Physiological Sciences, University of Florida , Gainesville, Florida
| | - Yan-Shin J Liao
- Department of Physiological Sciences, University of Florida , Gainesville, Florida
| | | | - Thomas B Bair
- Iowa Institute of Human Genetics, University of Iowa , Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Margaret Price
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa , Iowa City, Iowa.,Pappajohn Biomedical Institute, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa , Iowa City, Iowa
| | - David A Stoltz
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa , Iowa City, Iowa.,Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, University of Iowa , Iowa City, Iowa.,Pappajohn Biomedical Institute, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa , Iowa City, Iowa.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Iowa , Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Michael J Welsh
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa , Iowa City, Iowa.,Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, University of Iowa , Iowa City, Iowa.,Pappajohn Biomedical Institute, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa , Iowa City, Iowa.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Iowa , Iowa City, Iowa
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28
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Wang H, Do DC, Liu J, Wang B, Qu J, Ke X, Luo X, Tang HM, Tang HL, Hu C, Anderson ME, Liu Z, Gao P. Functional role of kynurenine and aryl hydrocarbon receptor axis in chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2018; 141:586-600.e6. [PMID: 28689792 PMCID: PMC5937692 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2017.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2016] [Revised: 05/09/2017] [Accepted: 06/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) is associated with mast cell-mediated inflammation and heightened oxidant stress. Kynurenine (KYN), an endogenous tryptophan metabolite, can promote allergen-induced mast cell activation through the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR). OBJECTIVES We sought to determine the role of the KYN/AhR axis and oxidant stress in mast cell activation and the development of CRSwNP. METHODS We measured the expression of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1, tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase, KYN, and oxidized calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (ox-CaMKII) in nasal polyps and controls. KYN-potentiated ovalbumin (OVA)-induced ROS generation, cell activation, and ox-CaMKII expression were investigated in wild-type and AhR-deficient (AhR-/-) mast cells. The role of ox-CaMKII in mast cell activation was further investigated. RESULTS Nasal polyps in CRSwNP showed an increased expression of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1, tryptophan2,3-dioxygenase, and KYN compared with controls. AhR was predominantly expressed in mast cells in nasal polyps. Activated mast cells and local IgE levels were substantially increased in eosinophilic polyps compared with noneosinophilic polyps and controls. Furthermore, KYN potentiated OVA-induced ROS generation, intracellular Ca2+ levels, cell activation, and expression of ox-CaMKII in wild-type, but not in AhR-/- mast cells. Compared with noneosinophilic polyps and controls, eosinophilic polyps showed increased expression of ox-CaMKII in mast cells. Mast cells from ROS-resistant CaMKII MMVVδ mice or pretreated with CaMKII inhibitor showed protection against KYN-promoted OVA-induced mast cell activation. CONCLUSIONS These studies support a potentially critical but previously unidentified function of the KYN/AhR axis in regulating IgE-mediated mast cell activation through ROS and ox-CaMKII in CRSwNP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heng Wang
- Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Md; Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Danh C Do
- Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Md
| | - Jinxin Liu
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Baofeng Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jingjing Qu
- Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Md; Department of Respiratory Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xia Ke
- Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Md
| | - Xiaoyan Luo
- Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Md
| | - Ho Man Tang
- Institute for Basic Biomedical Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Md
| | - Ho Lam Tang
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Md
| | - Chengping Hu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Mark E Anderson
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Md
| | - Zheng Liu
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
| | - Peisong Gao
- Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Md.
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29
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Sebag SC, Koval OM, Paschke JD, Winters CJ, Comellas AP, Grumbach IM. Inhibition of the mitochondrial calcium uniporter prevents IL-13 and allergen-mediated airway epithelial apoptosis and loss of barrier function. Exp Cell Res 2017; 362:400-411. [PMID: 29225050 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2017.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2017] [Revised: 11/12/2017] [Accepted: 12/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondria are increasingly recognized as key mediators of acute cellular stress responses in asthma. However, the distinct roles of regulators of mitochondrial physiology on allergic asthma phenotypes are currently unknown. The mitochondrial Ca2+ uniporter (MCU) resides in the inner mitochondrial membrane and controls mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake into the mitochondrial matrix. To understand the function of MCU in models of allergic asthma, in vitro and in vivo studies were performed using models of functional deficiency or knockout of MCU. In primary human respiratory epithelial cells, MCU inhibition abrogated mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, preserved the mitochondrial membrane potential and protected from apoptosis in response to the pleiotropic Th2 cytokine IL-13. Consequently, epithelial barrier function was maintained with MCU inhibition. Similarly, the endothelial barrier was preserved in respiratory epithelium isolated from MCU-/- mice after exposure to IL-13. In the ovalbumin-model of allergic airway disease, MCU deficiency resulted in decreased apoptosis within the large airway epithelial cells. Concordantly, expression of the tight junction protein ZO-1 was preserved, indicative of maintenance of epithelial barrier function. These data implicate mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake through MCU as a key controller of epithelial cell viability in acute allergic asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara C Sebag
- Department of Internal Medicine, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Olha M Koval
- Department of Internal Medicine, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA; Veterans Affairs Healthcare System, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - John D Paschke
- Department of Internal Medicine, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Christopher J Winters
- Department of Internal Medicine, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Alejandro P Comellas
- Department of Internal Medicine, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA; Veterans Affairs Healthcare System, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Isabella M Grumbach
- Department of Internal Medicine, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA; Veterans Affairs Healthcare System, Iowa City, IA, USA.
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30
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Murthy S, Koval OM, Ramiro Diaz JM, Kumar S, Nuno D, Scott JA, Allamargot C, Zhu LJ, Broadhurst K, Santhana V, Kutschke WJ, Irani K, Lamping KG, Grumbach IM. Endothelial CaMKII as a regulator of eNOS activity and NO-mediated vasoreactivity. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0186311. [PMID: 29059213 PMCID: PMC5653296 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0186311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2016] [Accepted: 09/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The multifunctional Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) is a serine/threonine kinase important in transducing intracellular Ca2+ signals. While in vitro data regarding the role of CaMKII in the regulation of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) are contradictory, its role in endothelial function in vivo remains unknown. Using two novel transgenic models to express CaMKII inhibitor peptides selectively in endothelium, we examined the effect of CaMKII on eNOS activation, NO production, vasomotor tone and blood pressure. Under baseline conditions, CaMKII activation was low in the aortic wall. Consistently, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, heart rate and plasma NO levels were unaltered by endothelial CaMKII inhibition. Moreover, endothelial CaMKII inhibition had no significant effect on NO-dependent vasodilation. These results were confirmed in studies of aortic rings transduced with adenovirus expressing a CaMKII inhibitor peptide. In cultured endothelial cells, bradykinin treatment produced the anticipated rapid influx of Ca2+ and transient CaMKII and eNOS activation, whereas CaMKII inhibition blocked eNOS phosphorylation on Ser-1179 and dephosphorylation at Thr-497. Ca2+/CaM binding to eNOS and resultant NO production in vitro were decreased under CaMKII inhibition. Our results demonstrate that CaMKII plays an important role in transient bradykinin-driven eNOS activation in vitro, but does not regulate NO production, vasorelaxation or blood pressure in vivo under baseline conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shubha Murthy
- Department of Internal Medicine, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
- Iowa City Veterans Affairs Healthcare System, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
| | - Olha M. Koval
- Department of Internal Medicine, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
- Iowa City Veterans Affairs Healthcare System, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
| | - Juan M. Ramiro Diaz
- Department of Internal Medicine, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
| | - Santosh Kumar
- Department of Internal Medicine, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
| | - Daniel Nuno
- Department of Internal Medicine, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
| | - Jason A. Scott
- Department of Internal Medicine, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
| | - Chantal Allamargot
- Central Microscopy Research Facility, Office of Vice President of Research and Economic Development, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
| | - Linda J. Zhu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
| | - Kim Broadhurst
- Department of Internal Medicine, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
| | - Velarchana Santhana
- Department of Internal Medicine, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
| | - William J. Kutschke
- Department of Internal Medicine, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
| | - Kaikobad Irani
- Department of Internal Medicine, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
- Iowa City Veterans Affairs Healthcare System, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
| | - Kathryn G. Lamping
- Department of Internal Medicine, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
- Iowa City Veterans Affairs Healthcare System, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
- Department of Pharmacology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
| | - Isabella M. Grumbach
- Department of Internal Medicine, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
- Iowa City Veterans Affairs Healthcare System, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
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31
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Morris AS, Sebag SC, Paschke JD, Wongrakpanich A, Ebeid K, Anderson ME, Grumbach IM, Salem AK. Cationic CaMKII Inhibiting Nanoparticles Prevent Allergic Asthma. Mol Pharm 2017; 14:2166-2175. [PMID: 28460526 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.7b00114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Asthma is a common lung disease affecting over 300 million people worldwide and is associated with increased reactive oxygen species, eosinophilic airway inflammation, bronchoconstriction, and mucus production. Targeting of novel therapeutic agents to the lungs of patients with asthma may improve efficacy of treatments and minimize side effects. We previously demonstrated that Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase (CaMKII) is expressed and activated in the bronchial epithelium of asthmatic patients. CaMKII inhibition in murine models of allergic asthma reduces key disease phenotypes, providing the rationale for targeted CaMKII inhibition as a potential therapeutic approach for asthma. Herein we developed a novel cationic nanoparticle (NP)-based system for delivery of the potent and specific CaMKII inhibitor peptide, CaMKIIN, to airways.1 CaMKIIN-loaded NPs abrogated the severity of allergic asthma in a murine model. These findings provide the basis for development of innovative, site-specific drug delivery therapies, particularly for treatment of pulmonary diseases such as asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angie S Morris
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Iowa , 115 South Grand Avenue, S228 PHAR, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, United States
| | - Sara C Sebag
- Department of Internal Medicine, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa , 200 Hawkins Drive, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, United States
| | - John D Paschke
- Department of Internal Medicine, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa , 200 Hawkins Drive, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, United States
| | | | - Kareem Ebeid
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Iowa , 115 South Grand Avenue, S228 PHAR, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, United States
| | - Mark E Anderson
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine , Baltimore, Maryland 21205, United States
| | - Isabella M Grumbach
- Department of Internal Medicine, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa , 200 Hawkins Drive, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, United States.,Iowa City Veterans Affairs Healthcare System , 601 US-6, Iowa City, Iowa 52246, United States
| | - Aliasger K Salem
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Iowa , 115 South Grand Avenue, S228 PHAR, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, United States
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32
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Sebag SC, Koval OM, Paschke JD, Winters CJ, Jaffer OA, Dworski R, Sutterwala FS, Anderson ME, Grumbach IM. Mitochondrial CaMKII inhibition in airway epithelium protects against allergic asthma. JCI Insight 2017; 2:e88297. [PMID: 28194433 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.88297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Excessive ROS promote allergic asthma, a condition characterized by airway inflammation, eosinophilic inflammation, and increased airway hyperreactivity (AHR). The mechanisms by which airway ROS are increased and the relationship between increased airway ROS and disease phenotypes are incompletely defined. Mitochondria are an important source of cellular ROS production, and our group discovered that Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) is present in mitochondria and activated by oxidation. Furthermore, mitochondrial-targeted antioxidant therapy reduced the severity of allergic asthma in a mouse model. Based on these findings, we developed a mouse model of CaMKII inhibition targeted to mitochondria in airway epithelium. We challenged these mice with OVA or Aspergillus fumigatus. Mitochondrial CaMKII inhibition abrogated AHR, inflammation, and eosinophilia following OVA and A. fumigatus challenge. Mitochondrial ROS were decreased after agonist stimulation in the presence of mitochondrial CaMKII inhibition. This correlated with blunted induction of NF-κB, the NLRP3 inflammasome, and eosinophilia in transgenic mice. These findings demonstrate a pivotal role for mitochondrial CaMKII in airway epithelium in mitochondrial ROS generation, eosinophilic inflammation, and AHR, providing insights into how mitochondrial ROS mediate features of allergic asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara C Sebag
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Olha M Koval
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA.,Veterans Affairs Healthcare System, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - John D Paschke
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | | | - Omar A Jaffer
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Ryszard Dworski
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Fayyaz S Sutterwala
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA.,Veterans Affairs Healthcare System, Iowa City, Iowa, USA.,Inflammation Program, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA.,Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Mark E Anderson
- Department of Medicine and.,Department of Physiology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Isabella M Grumbach
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA.,Veterans Affairs Healthcare System, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
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33
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Qu J, Do DC, Zhou Y, Luczak E, Mitzner W, Anderson ME, Gao P. Oxidized CaMKII promotes asthma through the activation of mast cells. JCI Insight 2017; 2:e90139. [PMID: 28097237 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.90139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidation of calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (ox-CaMKII) by ROS has been associated with asthma. However, the contribution of ox-CaMKII to the development of asthma remains to be fully characterized. Here, we tested the effect of ox-CaMKII on IgE-mediated mast cell activation in an allergen-induced mouse model of asthma using oxidant-resistant CaMKII MMVVδ knockin (MMVVδ) mice. Compared with WT mice, the allergen-challenged MMVVδ mice displayed less airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) and inflammation. These MMVVδ mice exhibited reduced levels of ROS and diminished recruitment of mast cells to the lungs. OVA-activated bone marrow-derived mast cells (BMMCs) from MMVVδ mice showed a significant inhibition of ROS and ox-CaMKII expression. ROS generation was dependent on intracellular Ca2+ concentration in BMMCs. Importantly, OVA-activated MMVVδ BMMCs had suppressed degranulation, histamine release, leukotriene C4, and IL-13 expression. Adoptive transfer of WT, but not MMVVδ, BMMCs, reversed the alleviated AHR and inflammation in allergen-challenged MMVVδ mice. The CaMKII inhibitor KN-93 significantly suppressed IgE-mediated mast cell activation and asthma. These studies support a critical but previously unrecognized role of ox-CaMKII in mast cells that promotes asthma and suggest that therapies to reduce ox-CaMKII may be a novel approach for asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Qu
- Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,Department of Respiratory Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Danh C Do
- Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Yufeng Zhou
- Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,Institute of Biomedical Sciences and Children's Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Key Laboratory of Neonatal Diseases, Ministry of Health, Shanghai, China
| | - Elizabeth Luczak
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Wayne Mitzner
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Mark E Anderson
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Peisong Gao
- Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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34
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Qu J, Li Y, Zhong W, Gao P, Hu C. Recent developments in the role of reactive oxygen species in allergic asthma. J Thorac Dis 2017; 9:E32-E43. [PMID: 28203435 DOI: 10.21037/jtd.2017.01.05] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Allergic asthma has a global prevalence, morbidity, and mortality. Many environmental factors, such as pollutants and allergens, are highly relevant to allergic asthma. The most important pathological symptom of allergic asthma is airway inflammation. Accordingly, the unique role of reactive oxygen species (ROS) had been identified as a main reason for this respiratory inflammation. Many studies have shown that inhalation of different allergens can promote ROS generation. Recent studies have demonstrated that several pro-inflammatory mediators are responsible for the development of allergic asthma. Among these mediators, endogenous or exogenous ROS are responsible for the airway inflammation of allergic asthma. Furthermore, several inflammatory cells induce ROS and allergic asthma development. Airway inflammation, airway hyper-responsiveness, tissue injury, and remodeling can be induced by excessive ROS production in animal models. Based on investigations of allergic asthma and ROS formation mechanisms, we have identified several novel anti-inflammatory therapeutic treatments. This review describes the recent data linking ROS to the pathogenesis of allergic asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Qu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China;; Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Yuanyuan Li
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Wen Zhong
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Peisong Gao
- Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Chengping Hu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
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35
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Reznikov LR, Meyerholz DK, Adam RJ, Abou Alaiwa M, Jaffer O, Michalski AS, Powers LS, Price MP, Stoltz DA, Welsh MJ. Acid-Sensing Ion Channel 1a Contributes to Airway Hyperreactivity in Mice. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0166089. [PMID: 27820848 PMCID: PMC5098826 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0166089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2016] [Accepted: 10/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurons innervating the airways contribute to airway hyperreactivity (AHR), a hallmark feature of asthma. Several observations suggested that acid-sensing ion channels (ASICs), neuronal cation channels activated by protons, might contribute to AHR. For example, ASICs are found in vagal sensory neurons that innervate airways, and asthmatic airways can become acidic. Moreover, airway acidification activates ASIC currents and depolarizes neurons innervating airways. We found ASIC1a protein in vagal ganglia neurons, but not airway epithelium or smooth muscle. We induced AHR by sensitizing mice to ovalbumin and found that ASIC1a-/- mice failed to exhibit AHR despite a robust inflammatory response. Loss of ASIC1a also decreased bronchoalveolar lavage fluid levels of substance P, a sensory neuropeptide secreted from vagal sensory neurons that contributes to AHR. These findings suggest that ASIC1a is an important mediator of AHR and raise the possibility that inhibiting ASIC channels might be beneficial in asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leah R. Reznikov
- Department of Internal Medicine, Roy J and Lucille A Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
- Pappajohn Biomedical Institute, Roy J and Lucille A Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
| | - David K. Meyerholz
- Department of Pathology, Roy J and Lucille A Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
| | - Ryan J. Adam
- Department of Internal Medicine, Roy J and Lucille A Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
- Pappajohn Biomedical Institute, Roy J and Lucille A Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
| | - Mahmoud Abou Alaiwa
- Department of Internal Medicine, Roy J and Lucille A Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
- Pappajohn Biomedical Institute, Roy J and Lucille A Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
| | - Omar Jaffer
- Department of Internal Medicine, Roy J and Lucille A Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
| | - Andrew S. Michalski
- Department of Internal Medicine, Roy J and Lucille A Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
| | - Linda S. Powers
- Department of Internal Medicine, Roy J and Lucille A Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
- Pappajohn Biomedical Institute, Roy J and Lucille A Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
| | - Margaret P. Price
- Department of Internal Medicine, Roy J and Lucille A Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
- Pappajohn Biomedical Institute, Roy J and Lucille A Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
| | - David A. Stoltz
- Department of Internal Medicine, Roy J and Lucille A Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Roy J and Lucille A Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
- Pappajohn Biomedical Institute, Roy J and Lucille A Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
| | - Michael J. Welsh
- Department of Internal Medicine, Roy J and Lucille A Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Roy J and Lucille A Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
- Pappajohn Biomedical Institute, Roy J and Lucille A Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Roy J and Lucille A Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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36
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Xiong Y, Tang X, Meng Q, Zhang H. Differential expression analysis of the broiler tracheal proteins responsible for the immune response and muscle contraction induced by high concentration of ammonia using iTRAQ-coupled 2D LC-MS/MS. SCIENCE CHINA. LIFE SCIENCES 2016; 59:1166-1176. [PMID: 27761697 PMCID: PMC7089013 DOI: 10.1007/s11427-016-0202-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2016] [Accepted: 08/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Ammonia has been considered the contaminant primarily responsible for respiratory disease in poultry. Even though it can cause tracheal lesions, its adverse effects on the trachea have not been sufficiently studied. The present study investigated tracheal changes in Arbor Acres broilers (Gallus gallus) induced by high concentration of ammonia using isobaric tag for relative and absolute quantification (iTRAQ)-based proteome analysis. In total, 3,706 proteins within false discovery rate of 1% were identified, including 119 significantly differentially expressed proteins. Functional analysis revealed that proteins related to immune response and muscle contraction were significantly enriched. With respect to the immune response, up-regulated proteins (like FGA) were pro-inflammatory, while down-regulated proteins participated in antigen processing and antigen presenting (like MYO1G), immunoglobulin and cathelicidin production (like fowlicidin-2), and immunodeficiency (like PTPRC). Regarding muscle contraction, all differentially expressed proteins (like TPM1) were up-regulated. An over-expression of mucin, which is a common feature of airway disease, was also observed. Additionally, the transcriptional alterations of 6 selected proteins were analyzed by quantitative RT-PCR. Overall, proteomic changes suggested the onset of airway obstruction and diminished host defense in trachea after ammonia exposure. These results may serve as a valuable reference for future interventions against ammonia toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Xiangfang Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Qingshi Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Hongfu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China.
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37
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Wang Z, DiDonato JA, Buffa J, Comhair SA, Aronica MA, Dweik RA, Lee NA, Lee JJ, Thomassen MJ, Kavuru M, Erzurum SC, Hazen SL. Eosinophil Peroxidase Catalyzed Protein Carbamylation Participates in Asthma. J Biol Chem 2016; 291:22118-22135. [PMID: 27587397 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.750034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The biochemical mechanisms through which eosinophils contribute to asthma pathogenesis are unclear. Here we show eosinophil peroxidase (EPO), an abundant granule protein released by activated eosinophils, contributes to characteristic asthma-related phenotypes through oxidative posttranslational modification (PTM) of proteins in asthmatic airways through a process called carbamylation. Using a combination of studies we now show EPO uses plasma levels of the pseudohalide thiocyanate (SCN-) as substrate to catalyze protein carbamylation, as monitored by PTM of protein lysine residues into Nϵ-carbamyllysine (homocitrulline), and contributes to the pathophysiological sequelae of eosinophil activation. Studies using EPO-deficient mice confirm EPO serves as a major enzymatic source for protein carbamylation during eosinophilic inflammatory models, including aeroallergen challenge. Clinical studies similarly revealed significant enrichment in carbamylation of airway proteins recovered from atopic asthmatics versus healthy controls in response to segmental allergen challenge. Protein-bound homocitrulline is shown to be co-localized with EPO within human asthmatic airways. Moreover, pathophysiologically relevant levels of carbamylated protein either incubated with cultured human airway epithelial cells in vitro, or provided as an aerosolized exposure in non-sensitized mice, induced multiple asthma-associated phenotypes including induction of mucin, Th2 cytokines, IFNγ, TGFβ, and epithelial cell apoptosis. Studies with scavenger receptor-A1 null mice reveal reduced IL-13 generation following exposure to aerosolized carbamylated protein, but no changes in other asthma-related phenotypes. In summary, EPO-mediated protein carbamylation is promoted during allergen-induced asthma exacerbation, and can both modulate immune responses and trigger a cascade of many of the inflammatory signals present in asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeneng Wang
- From the Departments of Cellular and Molecular Medicine
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Nancy A Lee
- the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, Arizona 85259
| | - James J Lee
- the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, Arizona 85259
| | - Mary Jane Thomassen
- the Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care & Sleep Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina 27834, and
| | - Mani Kavuru
- the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University and Hospital, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19107
| | | | - Stanley L Hazen
- From the Departments of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Cardiovascular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio 44195,
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38
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Gu SX, Blokhin IO, Wilson KM, Dhanesha N, Doddapattar P, Grumbach IM, Chauhan AK, Lentz SR. Protein methionine oxidation augments reperfusion injury in acute ischemic stroke. JCI Insight 2016; 1:e86460. [PMID: 27294204 PMCID: PMC4902298 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.86460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2016] [Accepted: 04/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Reperfusion injury can exacerbate tissue damage in ischemic stroke, but little is known about the mechanisms linking ROS to stroke severity. Here, we tested the hypothesis that protein methionine oxidation potentiates NF-κB activation and contributes to cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury. We found that overexpression of methionine sulfoxide reductase A (MsrA), an antioxidant enzyme that reverses protein methionine oxidation, attenuated ROS-augmented NF-κB activation in endothelial cells, in part, by protecting against the oxidation of methionine residues in the regulatory domain of calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII). In a murine model, MsrA deficiency resulted in increased NF-κB activation and neutrophil infiltration, larger infarct volumes, and more severe neurological impairment after transient cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury. This phenotype was prevented by inhibition of NF-κB or CaMKII. MsrA-deficient mice also exhibited enhanced leukocyte rolling and upregulation of E-selectin, an endothelial NF-κB-dependent adhesion molecule known to contribute to neurovascular inflammation in ischemic stroke. Finally, bone marrow transplantation experiments demonstrated that the neuroprotective effect was mediated by MsrA expressed in nonhematopoietic cells. These findings suggest that protein methionine oxidation in nonmyeloid cells is a key mechanism of postischemic oxidative injury mediated by NF-κB activation, leading to neutrophil recruitment and neurovascular inflammation in acute ischemic stroke.
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39
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Anderson ME. Oxidant stress promotes disease by activating CaMKII. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2015; 89:160-7. [PMID: 26475411 PMCID: PMC5075238 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2015.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2015] [Revised: 10/09/2015] [Accepted: 10/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
CaMKII is activated by oxidation of methionine residues residing in the regulatory domain. Oxidized CaMKII (ox-CaMKII) is now thought to participate in cardiovascular and pulmonary diseases and cancer. This invited review summarizes current evidence for the role of ox-CaMKII in disease, considers critical knowledge gaps and suggests new areas for inquiry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark E Anderson
- Johns Hopkins Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, United States.
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40
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Winters CJ, Koval O, Murthy S, Allamargot C, Sebag SC, Paschke JD, Jaffer OA, Carter AB, Grumbach IM. CaMKII inhibition in type II pneumocytes protects from bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis by preventing Ca2+-dependent apoptosis. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2015; 310:L86-94. [PMID: 26545899 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00132.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2015] [Accepted: 10/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The calcium and calmodulin-dependent kinase II (CaMKII) translates increases in intracellular Ca(2+) into downstream signaling events. Its function in pulmonary pathologies remains largely unknown. CaMKII is a well-known mediator of apoptosis and regulator of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) Ca(2+). ER stress and apoptosis of type II pneumocytes lead to aberrant tissue repair and progressive collagen deposition in pulmonary fibrosis. Thus we hypothesized that CaMKII inhibition alleviates fibrosis in response to bleomycin by attenuating apoptosis and ER stress of type II pneumocytes. We first established that CaMKII was strongly expressed in the distal respiratory epithelium, in particular in surfactant protein-C-positive type II pneumocytes, and activated after bleomycin instillation. We generated a novel transgenic model of inducible expression of the CaMKII inhibitor peptide AC3-I limited to type II pneumocytes (Tg SPC-AC3-I). Tg SPC-AC3-I mice were protected from development of pulmonary fibrosis after bleomycin exposure compared with wild-type mice. CaMKII inhibition also provided protection from apoptosis in type II pneumocytes in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, intracellular Ca(2+) levels and ER stress were increased by bleomycin and significantly blunted with CaMKII inhibition in vitro. These data demonstrate that CaMKII inhibition prevents type II pneumocyte apoptosis and development of pulmonary fibrosis in response to bleomycin. CaMKII inhibition may therefore be a promising approach to prevent or ameliorate the progression of pulmonary fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Olha Koval
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Shubha Murthy
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Chantal Allamargot
- Central Microscopy Research Facility, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Sara C Sebag
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - John D Paschke
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Omar A Jaffer
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - A Brent Carter
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa; Free Radical and Radiation Biology Graduate Program, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa; Iowa City Veterans Affairs Healthcare System, Iowa City, Iowa; and Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Isabella M Grumbach
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa; Iowa City Veterans Affairs Healthcare System, Iowa City, Iowa; and
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41
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Smooth muscle CaMKIIδ promotes allergen-induced airway hyperresponsiveness and inflammation. Pflugers Arch 2015; 467:2541-54. [PMID: 26089028 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-015-1713-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2015] [Revised: 06/02/2015] [Accepted: 06/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Airway smooth muscle (ASM) is a key target cell in allergen-induced asthma known to contribute to airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) and chronic airway remodeling. Changes in ASM calcium homeostasis have been shown to contribute to AHR although the mechanisms and Ca(2+) signal effectors are incompletely understood. In the present study, we tested the function of ASM multifunctional protein kinase Ca(2+)/calmodulin-dependent kinase II (CaMKII) isoforms CaMKIIδ and CaMKIIγ in allergen-induced AHR and airway remodeling in vivo. Using a murine model of atopic asthma, we demonstrate that CaMKIIδ protein is upregulated in ASM derived from ovalbumin (OVA)-treated animals compared to controls. A genetic approach to conditionally knock out smooth muscle CaMKIIδ and CaMKIIγ in separate Cre-loxp systems was validated, and using this loss-of-function approach, the function of these CaMKII isoforms was tested in ovalbumin (OVA)-induced airway remodeling and AHR. OVA treatment in control mice had no effect on ASM remodeling in this model of AHR, and CaMKIIδ knockouts had no independent effects on ASM content. However, at 1 day post-final OVA challenge, OVA-induced AHR was eliminated in the CaMKIIδ knockouts. OVA-induced peribronchial inflammation and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) levels of the Th2 cytokine IL-13 were significantly decreased in the CaMKIIδ knockouts. Unexpectedly, we found increased peribronchial eosinophils in the smooth muscle CaMKIIδ knockouts compared to control animals at 1 day post-final challenge, suggesting that lack of ASM CaMKIIδ delays the progression of AHR rather than inhibiting it. Indeed, when AHR was determined at 7 days post-final OVA challenge, CaMKIIδ knockouts showed robust AHR while AHR was fully resolved in OVA-challenged control mice. These in vivo studies demonstrate a role for smooth muscle CaMKIIδ in promoting airway inflammation and AHR and suggest a complex signaling role for CaMKIIδ in regulating ASM function. These studies confirm the diverse roles of ASM cells as immune effectors that control AHR and call for further studies into CaMKIIδ-mediated signaling in ASM cells during disease.
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Yang KC, Kyle JW, Makielski JC, Dudley SC. Mechanisms of sudden cardiac death: oxidants and metabolism. Circ Res 2015; 116:1937-55. [PMID: 26044249 PMCID: PMC4458707 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.116.304691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2014] [Accepted: 02/09/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Ventricular arrhythmia is the leading cause of sudden cardiac death (SCD). Deranged cardiac metabolism and abnormal redox state during cardiac diseases foment arrhythmogenic substrates through direct or indirect modulation of cardiac ion channel/transporter function. This review presents current evidence on the mechanisms linking metabolic derangement and excessive oxidative stress to ion channel/transporter dysfunction that predisposes to ventricular arrhythmias and SCD. Because conventional antiarrhythmic agents aiming at ion channels have proven challenging to use, targeting arrhythmogenic metabolic changes and redox imbalance may provide novel therapeutics to treat or prevent life-threatening arrhythmias and SCD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai-Chien Yang
- From the Department of Pharmacology (K.-C.Y.) and Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine (K.-C.Y.), National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison (J.W.K., J.C.M.); and Lifespan Cardiovascular Institute, the Providence VA Medical Center, and Brown University, RI (S.C.D.)
| | - John W Kyle
- From the Department of Pharmacology (K.-C.Y.) and Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine (K.-C.Y.), National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison (J.W.K., J.C.M.); and Lifespan Cardiovascular Institute, the Providence VA Medical Center, and Brown University, RI (S.C.D.)
| | - Jonathan C Makielski
- From the Department of Pharmacology (K.-C.Y.) and Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine (K.-C.Y.), National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison (J.W.K., J.C.M.); and Lifespan Cardiovascular Institute, the Providence VA Medical Center, and Brown University, RI (S.C.D.).
| | - Samuel C Dudley
- From the Department of Pharmacology (K.-C.Y.) and Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine (K.-C.Y.), National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison (J.W.K., J.C.M.); and Lifespan Cardiovascular Institute, the Providence VA Medical Center, and Brown University, RI (S.C.D.).
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43
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Regulation of thrombosis and vascular function by protein methionine oxidation. Blood 2015; 125:3851-9. [PMID: 25900980 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2015-01-544676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2014] [Accepted: 04/14/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Redox biology is fundamental to both normal cellular homeostasis and pathological states associated with excessive oxidative stress. Reactive oxygen species function not only as signaling molecules but also as redox regulators of protein function. In the vascular system, redox reactions help regulate key physiologic responses such as cell adhesion, vasoconstriction, platelet aggregation, angiogenesis, inflammatory gene expression, and apoptosis. During pathologic states, altered redox balance can cause vascular cell dysfunction and affect the equilibrium between procoagulant and anticoagulant systems, contributing to thrombotic vascular disease. This review focuses on the emerging role of a specific reversible redox reaction, protein methionine oxidation, in vascular disease and thrombosis. A growing number of cardiovascular and hemostatic proteins are recognized to undergo reversible methionine oxidation, in which methionine residues are posttranslationally oxidized to methionine sulfoxide. Protein methionine oxidation can be reversed by the action of stereospecific enzymes known as methionine sulfoxide reductases. Calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II is a prototypical methionine redox sensor that responds to changes in the intracellular redox state via reversible oxidation of tandem methionine residues in its regulatory domain. Several other proteins with oxidation-sensitive methionine residues, including apolipoprotein A-I, thrombomodulin, and von Willebrand factor, may contribute to vascular disease and thrombosis.
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Jaffer OA, Carter AB, Sanders PN, Dibbern ME, Winters CJ, Murthy S, Ryan AJ, Rokita AG, Prasad AM, Zabner J, Kline JN, Grumbach IM, Anderson ME. Mitochondrial-targeted antioxidant therapy decreases transforming growth factor-β-mediated collagen production in a murine asthma model. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2015; 52:106-15. [PMID: 24988374 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2013-0519oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Asthma is a disease of acute and chronic inflammation in which cytokines play a critical role in orchestrating the allergic inflammatory response. IL-13 and transforming growth factor (TGF)-β promote fibrotic airway remodeling, a major contributor to disease severity. Improved understanding is needed, because current therapies are inadequate for suppressing development of airway fibrosis. IL-13 is known to stimulate respiratory epithelial cells to produce TGF-β, but the mechanism through which this occurs is unknown. Here, we tested the hypothesis that reactive oxygen species (ROS) are a critical signaling intermediary between IL-13 or allergen stimulation and TGF-β-dependent airway remodeling. We used cultured human bronchial epithelial cells and an in vivo mouse model of allergic asthma to map a pathway where allergens enhanced mitochondrial ROS, which is an essential upstream signal for TGF-β activation and enhanced collagen production and deposition in airway fibroblasts. We show that mitochondria in airway epithelium are an essential source of ROS that activate TGF-β expression and activity. TGF-β from airway epithelium stimulates collagen expression in fibroblasts, contributing to an early fibrotic response to allergen exposure in cultured human airway cells and in ovalbumin-challenged mice. Treatment with the mitochondrial-targeted antioxidant, (2-(2,2,6,6-Tetramethylpiperidin-1-oxyl-4-ylamino)-2-oxoethyl)triphenylphosphonium chloride (mitoTEMPO), significantly attenuated mitochondrial ROS, TGF-β, and collagen deposition in OVA-challenged mice and in cultured human epithelial cells. Our findings suggest that mitochondria are a critical source of ROS for promoting TGF-β activity that contributes to airway remodeling in allergic asthma. Mitochondrial-targeted antioxidants may be a novel approach for future asthma therapies.
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Yu H, Yang J, Xiao Q, Lü Y, Zhou X, Xia L, Nie D. Regulation of high glucose-mediated mucin expression by matrix metalloproteinase-9 in human airway epithelial cells. Exp Cell Res 2015; 333:127-35. [PMID: 25704757 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2015.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2014] [Revised: 02/02/2015] [Accepted: 02/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Mucus hypersecretion is the key manifestation in patients with chronic inflammatory airway diseases and mucin 5AC (MUC5AC) is a major component of airway mucus. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMP)-9, have been found to be involved in the pathogenesis of inflammatory airway diseases. Hyperglycemia has been shown to be an independent risk factor for respiratory infections. We hypothesize that high glucose (HG)-regulates MMP-9 production and MMP-9 activity through nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH)/reactive oxygen species (ROS) cascades pathways, leading to mucin production in human airway epithelial cells (16HBE). We show that HG increases MMP-9 production, MMP-9 activity and MUC5AC expression. These effects are prevented by small interfering RNA (siRNA) for MMP-9, indicating that HG-induced mucin production is MMP-9-dependent. HG activates MMP-9 production, MMP-9 activity and MUC5AC overproduction, which is inhibited by nPG, DMSO and DPI (inhibitors of ROS and NADPH), suggesting that HG-activated mucin synthesis is mediated by NADPH/ROS in 16HBE cells. These observations demonstrate an important role for MMP-9 activated by NADPH/ROS signaling pathways in regulating HG-induced MUC5AC expression. These findings may bring new insights into the molecular pathogenesis of the infections related to diabetes mellitus and lead to novel therapeutic intervention for mucin overproduction in chronic inflammatory airway diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongmei Yu
- Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, No. 1, Youyi Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing 400016, China.
| | - Juan Yang
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Qian Xiao
- Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, No. 1, Youyi Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Yang Lü
- Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, No. 1, Youyi Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Xiangdong Zhou
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Li Xia
- Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, No. 1, Youyi Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Daijing Nie
- Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, No. 1, Youyi Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing 400016, China
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46
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Robison AJ. Emerging role of CaMKII in neuropsychiatric disease. Trends Neurosci 2014; 37:653-62. [PMID: 25087161 DOI: 10.1016/j.tins.2014.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2014] [Revised: 05/28/2014] [Accepted: 07/02/2014] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Although it has been known for decades that hippocampal calcium/calmodulin (CaM)-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) plays an essential role in learning and memory consolidation, the roles of CaMKII in other brain regions are only recently being explored in depth. A series of recent studies suggest that CaMKII dysfunction throughout the brain may underlie myriad neuropsychiatric disorders, including drug addiction, schizophrenia, depression, epilepsy, and multiple neurodevelopmental disorders, perhaps through maladaptations in glutamate signaling and neuroplasticity. I review here the structure, function, subcellular localization, and expression patterns of CaMKII isoforms, as well as recent advances demonstrating that disturbances in these properties may contribute to psychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- A J Robison
- Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, Lansing, MI 48824, USA.
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Miao Y, Xu J, Shen Y, Chen L, Bian Y, Hu Y, Zhou W, Zheng F, Man N, Shen Y, Zhang Y, Wang M, Wen L. Nanoparticle as signaling protein mimic: robust structural and functional modulation of CaMKII upon specific binding to fullerene C60 nanocrystals. ACS NANO 2014; 8:6131-44. [PMID: 24863918 DOI: 10.1021/nn501495a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
In a biological environment, nanoparticles encounter and interact with thousands of proteins, forming a protein corona on the surface of the nanoparticles, but these interactions are oftentimes perceived as nonspecific protein adsorption, with protein unfolding and deactivation as the most likely consequences. The potential of a nanoparticle-protein interaction to mimic a protein-protein interaction in a cellular signaling process, characterized by stringent binding specificity and robust functional modulation for the interacting protein, has not been adequately demonstrated. Here, we show that water-suspended fullerene C60 nanocrystals (nano-C60) interact with and modulate the function of the Ca(2+)/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII), a multimeric intracellular serine/threonine kinase central to Ca(2+) signal transduction, in a fashion that rivals the well-documented interaction between the NMDA (N-methyl-d-aspartate) receptor subunit NR2B protein and CaMKII. The stable high-affinity binding of CaMKII to distinct sites on nano-C60, mediated by amino acid residues D246 and K250 within the catalytic domain of CaMKIIα, but not the nonspecific adsorption of CaMKII to diamond nanoparticles, leads to functional consequences reminiscent of the NR2B-CaMKII interaction, including generation of autonomous CaMKII activity after Ca(2+) withdrawal, calmodulin trapping and CaMKII translocation to postsynaptic sites. Our results underscore the critical importance of specific interactions between nanoparticles and cellular signaling proteins, and the ability of nano-C60 to sustain the autonomous kinase activity of CaMKII may have significant implications for both the biosafety and the potential therapeutic applications of fullerene C60.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanyan Miao
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and School of Life Sciences, University of Science & Technology of China , Hefei, Anhui 230027, China
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Yang KC, Bonini MG, Dudley SC. Mitochondria and arrhythmias. Free Radic Biol Med 2014; 71:351-361. [PMID: 24713422 PMCID: PMC4096785 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2014.03.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2013] [Revised: 03/21/2014] [Accepted: 03/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria are essential to providing ATP, thereby satisfying the energy demand of the incessant electrical activity and contractile action of cardiac muscle. Emerging evidence indicates that mitochondrial dysfunction can adversely affect cardiac electrical functioning by impairing the intracellular ion homeostasis and membrane excitability through reduced ATP production and excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, resulting in increased propensity to cardiac arrhythmias. In this review, the molecular mechanisms linking mitochondrial dysfunction to cardiac arrhythmias are discussed with an emphasis on the impact of increased mitochondrial ROS on the cardiac ion channels and transporters that are critical to maintaining normal electromechanical functioning of the cardiomyocytes. The potential of using mitochondria-targeted antioxidants as a novel antiarrhythmia therapy is highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai-Chien Yang
- Lifespan Cardiovascular Institute, Providence VA Medical Center, and Brown University, Providence, RI 02903, USA
| | - Marcelo G Bonini
- Department of Medicine/Cardiology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA; Department of Pathology, and University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA; Department of Pharmacology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Samuel C Dudley
- Lifespan Cardiovascular Institute, Providence VA Medical Center, and Brown University, Providence, RI 02903, USA.
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Wu Y, Anderson ME. CaMKII in sinoatrial node physiology and dysfunction. Front Pharmacol 2014; 5:48. [PMID: 24672485 PMCID: PMC3957193 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2014.00048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2014] [Accepted: 03/03/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The calcium and calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) is present in sinoatrial node (SAN) pacemaker cells and is required for physiological “fight or flight” SAN beating rate responses. Inhibition of CaMKII in SAN does not affect baseline heart rate, but reduces heart rate increases in response to physiological stress. CaMKII senses intracellular calcium (Ca2+) changes, oxidation status, and hyperglycemia to phosphorylate substrates that regulate Ca2+-sensitive proteins, such as L-type Ca2+ channels, phospholamban, and cardiac ryanodine receptors (RyR2). All of these substrates are involved in the SAN pacemaking mechanism. Excessive CaMKII activity, as occurs under pathological conditions such as heart failure, ischemia, and diabetes, can promote intracellular Ca2+ overload and reactive oxygen species production. Oxidation of CaMKII (ox-CaMKII) locks CaMKII into a constitutively active configuration that contributes to SAN cell apoptosis and fibrosis. This ox-CaMKII-mediated loss of functional SAN cells contributes to SAN dysfunction (SND) and sudden death. Thus, CaMKII has emerged as a central regulator of physiological SAN responses and a key determinant of SND.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuejin Wu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Mark E Anderson
- Department of Internal Medicine, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa Iowa City, IA, USA ; Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa Iowa City, IA, USA
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Pellicena P, Schulman H. CaMKII inhibitors: from research tools to therapeutic agents. Front Pharmacol 2014; 5:21. [PMID: 24600394 PMCID: PMC3929941 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2014.00021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 171] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2013] [Accepted: 02/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The cardiac field has benefited from the availability of several CaMKII inhibitors serving as research tools to test putative CaMKII pathways associated with cardiovascular physiology and pathophysiology. Successful demonstrations of its critical pathophysiological roles have elevated CaMKII as a key target in heart failure, arrhythmia, and other forms of heart disease. This has caught the attention of the pharmaceutical industry, which is now racing to develop CaMKII inhibitors as safe and effective therapeutic agents. While the first generation of CaMKII inhibitor development is focused on blocking its activity based on ATP binding to its catalytic site, future inhibitors can also target sites affecting its regulation by Ca2+/CaM or translocation to some of its protein substrates. The recent availability of crystal structures of the kinase in the autoinhibited and activated state, and of the dodecameric holoenzyme, provides insights into the mechanism of action of existing inhibitors. It is also accelerating the design and development of better pharmacological inhibitors. This review examines the structure of the kinase and suggests possible sites for its inhibition. It also analyzes the uses and limitations of current research tools. Development of new inhibitors will enable preclinical proof of concept tests and clinical development of successful lead compounds, as well as improved research tools to more accurately examine and extend knowledge of the role of CaMKII in cardiac health and disease.
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