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Swaminathan S, Mai LT, Meli AP, Carmona-Pérez L, Charpentier T, Lamarre A, King IL, Stäger S. LAG-3- and CXCR5-expressing CD4 T cells display progenitor-like properties during chronic visceral leishmaniasis. Cell Rep 2024; 43:113879. [PMID: 38416647 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2024.113879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Maintenance of CD4 T cells during chronic infections is vital for limiting pathogen burden and disease recrudescence. Although inhibitory receptor expression by CD4 T cells is commonly associated with immune suppression and exhaustion, such cell-intrinsic mechanisms that control activation are also associated with cell survival. Using a mouse model of visceral leishmaniasis (VL), we discovered a subset of lymphocyte activation gene 3 (LAG-3)-expressing CD4 T cells that co-express CXCR5. Although LAG3+CXCR5+ CD4 T cells are present in naive mice, they expand during VL. These cells express gene signatures associated with self-renewal capacity, suggesting progenitor-like properties. When transferred into Rag1-/- mice, these LAG3+CXCR5+ CD4 T cells differentiated into multiple effector types upon Leishmania donovani infection. The transcriptional repressor B cell lymphoma-6 was partially required for their maintenance. Altogether, we propose that the LAG3+CXCR5+ CD4 T cell subset could play a role in maintaining CD4 T cell responses during persistent infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharada Swaminathan
- INRS-Centre Armand-Frappier Santé Biotechnologie and Infectiopôle INRS, 531 Boulevard des Prairies, Laval, QC, Canada
| | - Linh Thuy Mai
- INRS-Centre Armand-Frappier Santé Biotechnologie and Infectiopôle INRS, 531 Boulevard des Prairies, Laval, QC, Canada
| | - Alexandre P Meli
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Meakins-Christie Laboratories, McGill Centre for Microbiome Research, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Liseth Carmona-Pérez
- INRS-Centre Armand-Frappier Santé Biotechnologie and Infectiopôle INRS, 531 Boulevard des Prairies, Laval, QC, Canada
| | - Tania Charpentier
- INRS-Centre Armand-Frappier Santé Biotechnologie and Infectiopôle INRS, 531 Boulevard des Prairies, Laval, QC, Canada
| | - Alain Lamarre
- INRS-Centre Armand-Frappier Santé Biotechnologie and Infectiopôle INRS, 531 Boulevard des Prairies, Laval, QC, Canada
| | - Irah L King
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Meakins-Christie Laboratories, McGill Centre for Microbiome Research, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Simona Stäger
- INRS-Centre Armand-Frappier Santé Biotechnologie and Infectiopôle INRS, 531 Boulevard des Prairies, Laval, QC, Canada.
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2
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Edwards CL, Engel JA, de Labastida Rivera F, Ng SS, Corvino D, Montes de Oca M, Frame TC, Chauhan SB, Singh SS, Kumar A, Wang Y, Na J, Mukhopadhyay P, Lee JS, Nylen S, Sundar S, Kumar R, Engwerda CR. A molecular signature for IL-10-producing Th1 cells in protozoan parasitic diseases. JCI Insight 2023; 8:e169362. [PMID: 37917177 PMCID: PMC10807716 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.169362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Control of visceral leishmaniasis (VL) depends on proinflammatory Th1 cells that activate infected tissue macrophages to kill resident intracellular parasites. However, proinflammatory cytokines produced by Th1 cells can damage tissues and require tight regulation. Th1 cell IL-10 production is an important cell-autologous mechanism to prevent such damage. However, IL-10-producing Th1 (type 1 regulatory; Tr1) cells can also delay control of parasites and the generation of immunity following drug treatment or vaccination. To identify molecules to target in order to alter the balance between Th1 and Tr1 cells for improved antiparasitic immunity, we compared the molecular and phenotypic profiles of Th1 and Tr1 cells in experimental VL caused by Leishmania donovani infection of C57BL/6J mice. We also identified a shared Tr1 cell protozoan signature by comparing the transcriptional profiles of Tr1 cells from mice with experimental VL and malaria. We identified LAG3 as an important coinhibitory receptor in patients with VL and experimental VL, and we reveal tissue-specific heterogeneity of coinhibitory receptor expression by Tr1 cells. We also discovered a role for the transcription factor Pbx1 in suppressing CD4+ T cell cytokine production. This work provides insights into the development and function of CD4+ T cells during protozoan parasitic infections and identifies key immunoregulatory molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chelsea L. Edwards
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
- University of Queensland, School of Medicine, Brisbane, Australia
| | | | | | - Susanna S. Ng
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
- Griffith University, School of Natural Sciences, Nathan, Australia
- Institute of Experimental Oncology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Dillon Corvino
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
- Institute of Experimental Oncology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | | | - Teija C.M. Frame
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
- University of Queensland, School of Medicine, Brisbane, Australia
| | | | | | - Awnish Kumar
- Centre of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Yulin Wang
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
- Griffith University, School of Natural Sciences, Nathan, Australia
| | - Jinrui Na
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
- University of Queensland, School of Medicine, Brisbane, Australia
| | | | - Jason S. Lee
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
- University of Queensland, School of Medicine, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Susanne Nylen
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Rajiv Kumar
- Centre of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
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3
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Zayats R, Mou Z, Yazdanpanah A, Gupta G, Lopez P, Nayar D, Koh WH, Uzonna JE, Murooka TT. Antigen recognition reinforces regulatory T cell mediated Leishmania major persistence. Nat Commun 2023; 14:8449. [PMID: 38114497 PMCID: PMC10730873 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-44297-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Cutaneous Leishmania major infection elicits a rapid T cell response that is insufficient to clear residually infected cells, possibly due to the accumulation of regulatory T cells in healed skin. Here, we used Leishmania-specific TCR transgenic mice as a sensitive tool to characterize parasite-specific effector and immunosuppressive responses in vivo using two-photon microscopy. We show that Leishmania-specific Tregs displayed higher suppressive activity compared to polyclonal Tregs, that was mediated through IL-10 and not through disrupting cell-cell contacts or antigen presentation. In vivo expansion of endogenous Leishmania-specific Tregs resulted in disease reactivation that was also IL-10 dependent. Interestingly, lack of Treg expansion that recognized the immunodominant Leishmania peptide PEPCK was sufficient to restore robust effector Th1 responses and resulted in parasite control exclusively in male hosts. Our data suggest a stochastic model of Leishmania major persistence in skin, where cellular factors that control parasite numbers are counterbalanced by Leishmania-specific Tregs that facilitate parasite persistence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romaniya Zayats
- Department of Immunology, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Zhirong Mou
- Department of Immunology, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Atta Yazdanpanah
- Department of Immunology, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Gaurav Gupta
- Department of Immunology, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Paul Lopez
- Department of Immunology, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Deesha Nayar
- Department of Immunology, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Wan H Koh
- Department of Immunology, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Jude E Uzonna
- Department of Immunology, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.
| | - Thomas T Murooka
- Department of Immunology, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.
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4
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Fiuza JA, Gannavaram S, Gaze ST, de Ornellas LG, Alves ÉA, Ismail N, Nakhasi HL, Correa-Oliveira R. Deletion of MIF gene from live attenuated LdCen -/- parasites enhances protective CD4 + T cell immunity. Sci Rep 2023; 13:7362. [PMID: 37147351 PMCID: PMC10163264 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-34333-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Vaccination with live attenuated Leishmania parasites such as centrin deleted Leishmania donovani (LdCen-/-) against visceral leishmaniasis has been reported extensively. The protection induced by LdCen-/- parasites was mediated by both CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. While the host immune mediators of protection are known, parasite determinants that affect the CD4+ and CD8+ T cell populations remain unknown. Parasite encoded inflammatory cytokine MIF has been shown to modulate the T cell differentiation characteristics by altering the inflammation induced apoptosis during contraction phase in experimental infections with Leishmania or Plasmodium. Neutralization of parasite encoded MIF either by antibodies or gene deletion conferred protection in Plasmodium and Leishmania studies. We investigated if the immunogenicity and protection induced by LdCen-/- parasites is affected by deleting MIF genes from this vaccine strain. Our results showed that LdCen-/-MIF-/- immunized group presented higher percentage of CD4+ and CD8+ central memory T cells, increased CD8+ T cell proliferation after challenge compared to LdCen-/- immunization. LdCen-/-MIF-/- immunized group presented elevated production of IFN-γ+ and TNF-α+ CD4+ T cells concomitant with a reduced parasite load in spleen and liver compared to LdCen-/-group following challenge with L. infantum. Our results demonstrate the role of parasite induced factors involved in protection and long-term immunity of vaccines against VL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline Araújo Fiuza
- Cellular and Molecular Immunology Research Group, René Rachou Institute (FIOCRUZ), Belo Horizonte, Brazil.
| | - Sreenivas Gannavaram
- Division of Emerging and Transfusion Transmitted Diseases, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA.
| | - Soraya Torres Gaze
- Cellular and Molecular Immunology Research Group, René Rachou Institute (FIOCRUZ), Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | | | - Érica Alessandra Alves
- Cellular and Molecular Immunology Research Group, René Rachou Institute (FIOCRUZ), Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Nevien Ismail
- Division of Emerging and Transfusion Transmitted Diseases, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Hira Lal Nakhasi
- Division of Emerging and Transfusion Transmitted Diseases, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Rodrigo Correa-Oliveira
- Cellular and Molecular Immunology Research Group, René Rachou Institute (FIOCRUZ), Belo Horizonte, Brazil
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5
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Ferreira-Sena EP, Hardoim DDJ, Cardoso FDO, d'Escoffier LN, Soares IF, Carvalho JPRDS, Angnes RA, Fragoso SP, Alves CR, De-Simone SG, Lima-Junior JDC, Bertho AL, Zaverucha-do-Valle T, da Silva FS, Calabrese KDS. A New Strategy for Mapping Epitopes of LACK and PEPCK Proteins of Leishmania amazonensis Specific for Major Histocompatibility Complex Class I. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24065972. [PMID: 36983046 PMCID: PMC10054446 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24065972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Revised: 01/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Leishmaniasis represents a complex of diseases with a broad clinical spectrum and epidemiological diversity, considered a major public health problem. Although there is treatment, there are still no vaccines for cutaneous leishmaniasis. Because Leishmania spp. is an intracellular protozoan with several escape mechanisms, a vaccine must provoke cellular and humoral immune responses. Previously, we identified the Leishmania homolog of receptors for activated C kinase (LACK) and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK) proteins as strong immunogens and candidates for the development of a vaccine strategy. The present work focuses on the in silico prediction and characterization of antigenic epitopes that might interact with mice or human major histocompatibility complex class I. After immunogenicity prediction on the Immune Epitope Database (IEDB) and the Database of MHC Ligands and Peptide Motifs (SYFPEITHI), 26 peptides were selected for interaction assays with infected mouse lymphocytes by flow cytometry and ELISpot. This strategy identified nine antigenic peptides (pL1-H2, pPL3-H2, pL10-HLA, pP13-H2, pP14-H2, pP15-H2, pP16-H2, pP17-H2, pP18-H2, pP26-HLA), which are strong candidates for developing a peptide vaccine against leishmaniasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edlainne Pinheiro Ferreira-Sena
- Laboratório de Imunomodulação e Protozoologia, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, RJ, Brazil
| | - Daiana de Jesus Hardoim
- Laboratório de Imunomodulação e Protozoologia, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, RJ, Brazil
| | - Flavia de Oliveira Cardoso
- Laboratório de Imunomodulação e Protozoologia, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, RJ, Brazil
| | - Luiz Ney d'Escoffier
- Laboratório de Imunomodulação e Protozoologia, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, RJ, Brazil
| | - Isabela Ferreira Soares
- Laboratório de Imunoparasitologia, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, RJ, Brazil
| | - João Pedro Rangel da Silva Carvalho
- Laboratório de Bioquímica de Proteínas e Peptídeos, Centro de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico em Saúde, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, RJ, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Almir Angnes
- Laboratório de Síntese Química, Instituto de Biologia Molecular do Paraná, Curitiba 81350-010, PR, Brazil
| | - Stenio Perdigão Fragoso
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular e Sistêmica de Tripanossomatídeos, Instituto Carlos Chagas, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Curitiba 81350-010, PR, Brazil
| | - Carlos Roberto Alves
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular e Doenças Endêmicas, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, RJ, Brazil
| | - Salvatore Giovanni De-Simone
- Center for Technological Development in Health (CDTS)/National Institute of Science and Technology for Innovation in Diseases of Neglected Populations (INCT-IDPN), Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, RJ, Brazil
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Molecular Systematics (LESM), Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, RJ, Brazil
- Post-Graduation Program in Science and Biotechnology, Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Biology Institute, Federal Fluminense University, Niterói 22040-036, RJ, Brazil
| | - Josué da Costa Lima-Junior
- Laboratório de Imunoparasitologia, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, RJ, Brazil
| | - Alvaro Luiz Bertho
- Laboratório de Imunoparasitologia, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, RJ, Brazil
- Plataforma de Citometria, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, RJ, Brazil
| | - Tânia Zaverucha-do-Valle
- Laboratório de Imunomodulação e Protozoologia, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, RJ, Brazil
| | - Franklin Souza da Silva
- Centro de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico em Saúde, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, RJ, Brazil
- Faculdade de Biologia e Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Iguaçu, Dom Rodrigo, Nova Iguaçu, Rio de Janeiro 26275-580, RJ, Brazil
| | - Kátia da Silva Calabrese
- Laboratório de Imunomodulação e Protozoologia, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, RJ, Brazil
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6
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Novel approaches to preventing phagosomal infections: timing is key. Trends Immunol 2023; 44:22-31. [PMID: 36494273 DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2022.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2022] [Revised: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Prophylactic vaccination strategies designed to prevent diseases caused by pathogens using the phagolysosome of innate immune cells as a site of intracellular replication and survival have been largely ineffective. These include Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), Leishmania spp., and Cryptococcus spp. These failed strategies have traditionally targeted CD4+ T helper (Th) 1 cell-mediated immune memory, deeming it crucial for vaccine efficacy. This failure warrants an investigation of alternative mediators of protection. Here, we suggest three novel approaches to activate phagocytic cells prior to or at the time of infection. We hypothesize that preventing the formation of the pathogen niche within the phagolysosome is essential for preventing disease, and a greater emphasis on the timing of phagocyte activation should generate more effective prophylactic treatment options.
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7
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Matarazzo L, Bettencourt PJG. mRNA vaccines: a new opportunity for malaria, tuberculosis and HIV. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1172691. [PMID: 37168860 PMCID: PMC10166207 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1172691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The success of the first licensed mRNA-based vaccines against COVID-19 has created a widespread interest on mRNA technology for vaccinology. As expected, the number of mRNA vaccines in preclinical and clinical development increased exponentially since 2020, including numerous improvements in mRNA formulation design, delivery methods and manufacturing processes. However, the technology faces challenges such as the cost of raw materials, the lack of standardization, and delivery optimization. MRNA technology may provide a solution to some of the emerging infectious diseases as well as the deadliest hard-to-treat infectious diseases malaria, tuberculosis, and human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS), for which an effective vaccine, easily deployable to endemic areas is urgently needed. In this review, we discuss the functional structure, design, manufacturing processes and delivery methods of mRNA vaccines. We provide an up-to-date overview of the preclinical and clinical development of mRNA vaccines against infectious diseases, and discuss the immunogenicity, efficacy and correlates of protection of mRNA vaccines, with particular focus on research and development of mRNA vaccines against malaria, tuberculosis and HIV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Matarazzo
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Health, Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Lisboa, Portugal
- Faculty of Medicine, Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Rio de Mouro, Portugal
| | - Paulo J. G. Bettencourt
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Health, Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Lisboa, Portugal
- Faculty of Medicine, Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Rio de Mouro, Portugal
- *Correspondence: Paulo J. G. Bettencourt,
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8
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Connelley T, Nicastri A, Sheldrake T, Vrettou C, Fisch A, Reynisson B, Buus S, Hill A, Morrison I, Nielsen M, Ternette N. Immunopeptidomic Analysis of BoLA-I and BoLA-DR Presented Peptides from Theileria parva Infected Cells. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:vaccines10111907. [PMID: 36423003 PMCID: PMC9699068 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10111907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2022] [Revised: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The apicomplexan parasite Theileria parva is the causative agent of East Coast fever, usually a fatal disease for cattle, which is prevalent in large areas of eastern, central, and southern Africa. Protective immunity against T. parva is mediated by CD8+ T cells, with CD4+ T-cells thought to be important in facilitating the full maturation and development of the CD8+ T-cell response. T. parva has a large proteome, with >4000 protein-coding genes, making T-cell antigen identification using conventional screening approaches laborious and expensive. To date, only a limited number of T-cell antigens have been described. Novel approaches for identifying candidate antigens for T. parva are required to replace and/or complement those currently employed. In this study, we report on the use of immunopeptidomics to study the repertoire of T. parva peptides presented by both BoLA-I and BoLA-DR molecules on infected cells. The study reports on peptides identified from the analysis of 13 BoLA-I and 6 BoLA-DR datasets covering a range of different BoLA genotypes. This represents the most comprehensive immunopeptidomic dataset available for any eukaryotic pathogen to date. Examination of the immunopeptidome data suggested the presence of a large number of coprecipitated and non-MHC-binding peptides. As part of the work, a pipeline to curate the datasets to remove these peptides was developed and used to generate a final list of 74 BoLA-I and 15 BoLA-DR-presented peptides. Together, the data demonstrated the utility of immunopeptidomics as a method to identify novel T-cell antigens for T. parva and the importance of careful curation and the application of high-quality immunoinformatics to parse the data generated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy Connelley
- The Roslin Institute, The Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Science, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH25 9RG, UK
- Correspondence:
| | - Annalisa Nicastri
- The Jenner Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, The University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Tara Sheldrake
- The Roslin Institute, The Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Science, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH25 9RG, UK
| | - Christina Vrettou
- The Roslin Institute, The Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Science, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH25 9RG, UK
| | - Andressa Fisch
- Ribeirão Preto College of Nursing, University of São Paulo, Av Bandeirantes, Ribeirão Preto 3900, Brazil
| | - Birkir Reynisson
- Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Soren Buus
- Laboratory of Experimental Immunology, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Adrian Hill
- The Jenner Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, The University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Ivan Morrison
- The Roslin Institute, The Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Science, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH25 9RG, UK
| | - Morten Nielsen
- Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Copenhagen, Denmark
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas, Universidad Nacional de San Martín, San Martín CP1650, Argentina
| | - Nicola Ternette
- The Jenner Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, The University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK
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9
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Zhang J, Li J, Hu K, Zhou Q, Chen X, He J, Yin S, Chi Y, Liao X, Xiao Y, Qin H, Zheng Z, Chen J. Screening Novel Vaccine Candidates for Leishmania Donovani by Combining Differential Proteomics and Immunoinformatics Analysis. Front Immunol 2022; 13:902066. [PMID: 35812381 PMCID: PMC9260594 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.902066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Visceral leishmaniasis (VL), also known as kala-azar, is the most dangerous form of leishmaniasis. Currently no effective vaccine is available for clinical use. Since the pathogenicity of different Leishmania strains is inconsistent, the differentially expressed proteins in Leishmania strains may play an important role as virulence factors in pathogenesis. Therefore, effective vaccine candidate targets may exist in the differentially expressed proteins. In this study, we used differential proteomics analysis to find the differentially expressed proteins in two Leishmania donovani strains, and combined with immunoinformatics analysis to find new vaccine candidates. The differentially expressed proteins from L. DD8 (low virulent) and L. 9044 (virulent) strains were analyzed by LC-MS/MS, and preliminarily screened by antigenicity, allergenicity and homology evaluation. The binding peptides of MHC II, IFN-γ and MHC I from differentially expressed proteins were then predicted and calculated for the second screening. IFN-γ/IL-10 ratios and conserved domain prediction were performed to choose more desirable differentially expressed proteins. Finally, the 3D structures of three vaccine candidate proteins were produced and submitted for molecular dynamics simulation and molecular docking interaction with TLR4/MD2. The results showed that 396 differentially expressed proteins were identified by LC-MS/MS, and 155 differentially expressed proteins were selected through antigenicity, allergenicity and homology evaluation. Finally, 16 proteins whose percentages of MHC II, IFN-γ and MHC I binding peptides were greater than those of control groups (TSA, LmSTI1, LeIF, Leish-111f) were considered to be suitable vaccine candidates. Among the 16 candidates, amino acid permease, amastin-like protein and the hypothetical protein (XP_003865405.1) simultaneously had the large ratios of IFN-γ/IL-10 and high percentages of MHC II, IFN-γ and MHC I, which should be focused on. In conclusion, our comprehensive work provided a methodological basis to screen new vaccine candidates for a better intervention against VL and associated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianhui Zhang
- Department of Pathogenic Biology, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jiao Li
- Department of Pathogenic Biology, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Kaifeng Hu
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qi Zhou
- Department of Pathogenic Biology, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Chen
- Department of Pathogenic Biology, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jinlei He
- Department of Pathogenic Biology, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Shuangshuang Yin
- Department of Pathogenic Biology, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yangjian Chi
- Department of Urinary Surgery, Jianou Municipal Hospital of Fujian Province, Jianou, China
| | - Xuechun Liao
- Department of Pathogenic Biology, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuying Xiao
- Department of Pathogenic Biology, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hanxiao Qin
- Department of Pathogenic Biology, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhiwan Zheng
- Department of Pathogenic Biology, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Zhiwan Zheng, ; Jianping Chen,
| | - Jianping Chen
- Department of Pathogenic Biology, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Animal Disease Prevention and Food Safety Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Zhiwan Zheng, ; Jianping Chen,
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10
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Hohman LS, Mou Z, Carneiro MB, Ferland G, Kratofil RM, Kubes P, Uzonna JE, Peters NC. Protective CD4+ Th1 cell-mediated immunity is reliant upon execution of effector function prior to the establishment of the pathogen niche. PLoS Pathog 2021; 17:e1009944. [PMID: 34543348 PMCID: PMC8483310 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1009944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Revised: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Intracellular infection with the parasite Leishmania major features a state of concomitant immunity in which CD4+ T helper 1 (Th1) cell-mediated immunity against reinfection coincides with a chronic but sub-clinical primary infection. In this setting, the rapidity of the Th1 response at a secondary site of challenge in the skin represents the best correlate of parasite elimination and has been associated with a reversal in Leishmania-mediated modulation of monocytic host cells. Remarkably, the degree to which Th1 cells are absolutely reliant upon the time at which they interact with infected monocytes to mediate their protective effect has not been defined. In the present work, we report that CXCR3-dependent recruitment of Ly6C+ Th1 effector (Th1EFF) cells is indispensable for concomitant immunity and acute (<4 days post-infection) Th1EFF cell-phagocyte interactions are critical to prevent the establishment of a permissive pathogen niche, as evidenced by altered recruitment, gene expression and functional capacity of innate and adaptive immune cells at the site of secondary challenge. Surprisingly, provision of Th1EFF cells after establishment of the pathogen niche, even when Th1 cells were provided in large quantities, abrogated protection, Th1EFF cell accumulation and IFN-γ production, and iNOS production by inflammatory monocytes. These findings indicate that protective Th1 immunity is critically dependent on activation of permissive phagocytic host cells by preactivated Th1EFF cells at the time of infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leah S. Hohman
- Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases; Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Department of Comparative Biology and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Zhirong Mou
- Department of Immunology, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Matheus B. Carneiro
- Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases; Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Department of Comparative Biology and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Gabriel Ferland
- Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases; Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Department of Comparative Biology and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Rachel M. Kratofil
- Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases; Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Paul Kubes
- Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases; Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Jude E. Uzonna
- Department of Immunology, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Nathan C. Peters
- Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases; Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Department of Comparative Biology and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
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11
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Abstract
T cells must recognize pathogen-derived peptides bound to major histocompatibility complexes (MHCs) in order to initiate a cell-mediated immune response against an infection, or to support the development of high-affinity antibody responses. Identifying antigens presented on MHCs by infected cells and professional antigen-presenting cells (APCs) during infection may therefore provide a route toward developing new vaccines. Peptides bound to MHCs can be identified at whole-proteome scale using mass spectrometry-a technique referred to as "immunopeptidomics." This technique has emerged as a powerful tool for identifying potential vaccine targets in the context of many infectious diseases. In this review, we discuss the contributions immunopeptidomic studies have made to understanding antigen presentation and T cell priming in the context of infection and the potential for immunopeptidomics to inform the development of vaccines to address pressing global health problems in infectious disease.
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12
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Ferragut F, Acevedo GR, Gómez KA. T Cell Specificity: A Great Challenge in Chagas Disease. Front Immunol 2021; 12:674078. [PMID: 34267750 PMCID: PMC8276045 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.674078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The CD4+ and CD8+ T cell immune response against T. cruzi, the parasite causing Chagas disease, are relevant for both parasite control and disease pathogenesis. Several studies have been focused on their phenotype and functionally, but only a few have drilled down to identify the parasite proteins that are processed and presented to these cells, especially to CD4+ T lymphocytes. Although approximately 10,000 proteins are encoded per haploid T. cruzi genome, fewer than 200 T cell epitopes from 49 T. cruzi proteins have been identified so far. In this context, a detailed knowledge of the specific targets of T cell memory response emerges as a prime tool for the conceptualization and development of prophylactic or therapeutic vaccines, an approach with great potential to prevent and treat this chronic disease. Here, we review the available information about this topic in a comprehensive manner and discuss the future challenges in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fátima Ferragut
- Laboratorio de Inmunología de las Infecciones por Tripanosomátidos, Instituto de Investigaciones en Ingeniería Genética y Biología Molecular (INGEBI), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Gonzalo R Acevedo
- Laboratorio de Inmunología de las Infecciones por Tripanosomátidos, Instituto de Investigaciones en Ingeniería Genética y Biología Molecular (INGEBI), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Karina A Gómez
- Laboratorio de Inmunología de las Infecciones por Tripanosomátidos, Instituto de Investigaciones en Ingeniería Genética y Biología Molecular (INGEBI), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
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13
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Taylor HB, Klaeger S, Clauser KR, Sarkizova S, Weingarten-Gabbay S, Graham DB, Carr SA, Abelin JG. MS-Based HLA-II Peptidomics Combined With Multiomics Will Aid the Development of Future Immunotherapies. Mol Cell Proteomics 2021; 20:100116. [PMID: 34146720 PMCID: PMC8327157 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcpro.2021.100116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Revised: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapies have emerged to treat diseases by selectively modulating a patient's immune response. Although the roles of T and B cells in adaptive immunity have been well studied, it remains difficult to select targets for immunotherapeutic strategies. Because human leukocyte antigen class II (HLA-II) peptides activate CD4+ T cells and regulate B cell activation, proliferation, and differentiation, these peptide antigens represent a class of potential immunotherapy targets and biomarkers. To better understand the molecular basis of how HLA-II antigen presentation is involved in disease progression and treatment, systematic HLA-II peptidomics combined with multiomic analyses of diverse cell types in healthy and diseased states is required. For this reason, MS-based innovations that facilitate investigations into the interplay between disease pathologies and the presentation of HLA-II peptides to CD4+ T cells will aid in the development of patient-focused immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah B Taylor
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Susan Klaeger
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Karl R Clauser
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Shira Weingarten-Gabbay
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA; Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Daniel B Graham
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA; Center for Computational and Integrative Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Department of Molecular Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Steven A Carr
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
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14
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dos Santos Vasconcelos CR, Rezende AM. Systematic in silico Evaluation of Leishmania spp. Proteomes for Drug Discovery. Front Chem 2021; 9:607139. [PMID: 33987166 PMCID: PMC8111926 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2021.607139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Leishmaniasis is a group of neglected infectious diseases, with approximately 1. 3 million new cases each year, for which the available therapies have serious limitations. Therefore, it is extremely important to apply efficient and low-cost methods capable of selecting the best therapeutic targets to speed up the development of new therapies against those diseases. Thus, we propose the use of integrated computational methods capable of evaluating the druggability of the predicted proteomes of Leishmania braziliensis and Leishmania infantum, species responsible for the different clinical manifestations of leishmaniasis in Brazil. The protein members of those proteomes were assessed based on their structural, chemical, and functional contexts applying methods that integrate data on molecular function, biological processes, subcellular localization, drug binding sites, druggability, and gene expression. These data were compared to those extracted from already known drug targets (BindingDB targets), which made it possible to evaluate Leishmania proteomes for their biological relevance and treatability. Through this methodology, we identified more than 100 proteins of each Leishmania species with druggability characteristics, and potential interaction with available drugs. Among those, 31 and 37 proteins of L. braziliensis and L. infantum, respectively, have never been tested as drug targets, and they have shown evidence of gene expression in the evolutionary stage of pharmacological interest. Also, some of those Leishmania targets showed an alignment similarity of <50% when compared to the human proteome, making these proteins pharmacologically attractive, as they present a reduced risk of side effects. The methodology used in this study also allowed the evaluation of opportunities for the repurposing of compounds as anti-leishmaniasis drugs, inferring potential interaction between Leishmania proteins and ~1,000 compounds, of which only 15 have already been tested as a treatment for leishmaniasis. Besides, a list of potential Leishmania targets to be tested using drugs described at BindingDB, such as the potential interaction of the DEAD box RNA helicase, TRYR, and PEPCK proteins with the Staurosporine compound, was made available to the public.
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Affiliation(s)
- Crhisllane Rafaele dos Santos Vasconcelos
- Bioinformatics Plataform, Microbiology Department, Instituto Aggeu Magalhães, Recife, Brazil
- Posgraduate Program in Genetics, Genetics Department, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| | - Antonio Mauro Rezende
- Bioinformatics Plataform, Microbiology Department, Instituto Aggeu Magalhães, Recife, Brazil
- Posgraduate Program in Genetics, Genetics Department, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
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15
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Zhang J, He J, Liao X, Xiao Y, Liang C, Zhou Q, Chen H, Zheng Z, Qin H, Chen D, Chen Q, Li J, Chen J. Development of dominant epitope-based vaccines encoding Gp63, Kmp-11 and Amastin against visceral leishmaniasis. Immunobiology 2021; 226:152085. [PMID: 33910113 DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2021.152085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Revised: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The most dangerous form of leishmaniasis is Visceral leishmaniasis (VL). The elimination of VL depends not only on agent treatments but also on effective vaccines against Leishmania parasites. Epitope-based vaccines composed of alternative short antigenic epitopes have the advantages of MHC epitope easy designing, which has broad application prospects. In a previous study, we analyzed Leishmania Gp63, Kmp-11 and Amastin protein sequence in silico, and found that the amino acid fragments of Gp63 (138-360aa), Kmp-11 (1-91aa) and Amastin (1-72aa) were rich in dominant epitopes. In this study, we used the three amino acid fragments as multi-epitope vaccine candidates to construct DNA and protein vaccines. BALB/c mice were vaccinated with the DNA and protein vaccines by DNA prime-protein boost strategy and challenged with Leishmania promastigotes. To evaluate vaccine immunogenicity and immunoprotection, serum specific antibody titers and cytokines were detected using ELISA, splenic CD3+, CD4+ and CD8+ cells were analyzed by flow cytometry, livers were made into pathological sections to observe pathological changes, and splenic parasitic loads were quantified using qPCR. The results showed that the increased specific IgG titers from vaccinated mice supported the vaccine immunogenicity. The increased cytokines (IFN-γ, IL-12 and TNF-α), splenic CD3+, CD4+ and CD8+ T cells and hepatic granulomas, and the decreased splenic parasitic loads (parasite reduction rates of Gp63, Kmp-11 and Amatin groups were 89%, 86% and 79%, respectively) from immunized mice post-infection were suggested the good immunoprotection of the vaccines. Our study demonstrated that vaccines based on the dominant epitopes of Gp63, Kmp-11 and Amastin with DNA prime-protein boost vaccination strategy showed significant immune effects against Leishmania, especially the Gp63 group showed a nearly 90% parasites reduction rate. This study will provide references for visceral leishmaniasis epitope vaccine design and immune strategy selection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianhui Zhang
- Department of Pathogenic Biology, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jinlei He
- Department of Pathogenic Biology, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xuechun Liao
- Department of Pathogenic Biology, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuying Xiao
- Department of Pathogenic Biology, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Chang Liang
- Department of Gastroenterology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qi Zhou
- Department of Pathogenic Biology, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Han Chen
- Department of Pathogenic Biology, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhiwan Zheng
- Department of Pathogenic Biology, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hanxiao Qin
- Department of Pathogenic Biology, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Dali Chen
- Department of Pathogenic Biology, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qiwei Chen
- Department of Pathogenic Biology, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jiao Li
- Department of Pathogenic Biology, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
| | - Jianping Chen
- Department of Pathogenic Biology, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Animal Disease Prevention and Food Safety Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
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16
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Type I Interferons Suppress Anti-parasitic Immunity and Can Be Targeted to Improve Treatment of Visceral Leishmaniasis. Cell Rep 2021; 30:2512-2525.e9. [PMID: 32101732 PMCID: PMC7981274 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.01.099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2019] [Revised: 11/28/2019] [Accepted: 01/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Type I interferons (IFNs) play critical roles in anti-viral and anti-tumor immunity. However, they also suppress protective immune responses in some infectious diseases. Here, we identify type I IFNs as major upstream regulators of CD4+ T cells from visceral leishmaniasis (VL) patients. Furthermore, we report that mice deficient in type I IFN signaling have significantly improved control of Leishmania donovani, a causative agent of human VL, associated with enhanced IFNγ but reduced IL-10 production by parasite-specific CD4+ T cells. Importantly, we identify a small-molecule inhibitor that can be used to block type I IFN signaling during established infection and acts synergistically with conventional anti-parasitic drugs to improve parasite clearance and enhance anti-parasitic CD4+ T cell responses in mice and humans. Thus, manipulation of type I IFN signaling is a promising strategy for improving disease outcome in VL patients.
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17
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Barazandeh AF, Mou Z, Ikeogu N, Mejia EM, Edechi CA, Zhang WW, Alizadeh J, Hatch GM, Ghavami S, Matlashewski G, Marshall AJ, Uzonna JE. The Phosphoenolpyruvate Carboxykinase Is a Key Metabolic Enzyme and Critical Virulence Factor of Leishmania major. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2021; 206:1013-1026. [PMID: 33462138 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2000517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
There is currently no effective vaccine against leishmaniasis because of the lack of sufficient knowledge about the Ags that stimulate host-protective and long-lasting T cell-mediated immunity. We previously identified Leishmania phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK, a gluconeogenic enzyme) as an immunodominant Ag that is expressed by both the insect (promastigote) and mammalian (amastigote) stages of the parasite. In this study, we investigated the role of PEPCK in metabolism, virulence, and immunopathogenicity of Leishmania major We show that targeted loss of PEPCK results in impaired proliferation of L. major in axenic culture and bone marrow-derived macrophages. Furthermore, the deficiency of PEPCK results in highly attenuated pathology in vivo. BALB/c mice infected with PEPCK-deficient parasites failed to develop any cutaneous lesions despite harboring parasites at the cutaneous site of infection. This was associated with a dramatic reduction in the frequency of cytokine (IFN-γ, IL-4, and IL-10)-producing CD4+ T cells in spleens and lymph nodes draining the infection site. Cells from mice infected with PEPCK-deficient parasites also produced significantly low levels of these cytokines into the culture supernatant following in vitro restimulation with soluble Leishmania Ag. PEPCK-deficient parasites exhibited significantly greater extracellular acidification rate, increased proton leak, and decreased ATP-coupling efficiency and oxygen consumption rates in comparison with their wild-type and addback counterparts. Taken together, these results show that PEPCK is a critical metabolic enzyme for Leishmania, and its deletion results in altered metabolic activity and attenuation of virulence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aida Feiz Barazandeh
- Department of Immunology, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3T 0T5, Canada
| | - Zhirong Mou
- Department of Immunology, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3T 0T5, Canada
| | - Nnamdi Ikeogu
- Department of Immunology, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3T 0T5, Canada
| | - Edgard M Mejia
- Department of Immunology, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3T 0T5, Canada
| | - Chidalu A Edechi
- Department of Pathology, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Wen-Wei Zhang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 0F4, Canada
| | - Javad Alizadeh
- Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Grant M Hatch
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3T 2N2, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry and Medical Genetics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3T 2N2, Canada; and.,Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Saeid Ghavami
- Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Greg Matlashewski
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 0F4, Canada
| | - Aaron J Marshall
- Department of Immunology, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3T 0T5, Canada
| | - Jude E Uzonna
- Department of Immunology, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3T 0T5, Canada;
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18
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Ikeogu NM, Edechi CA, Akaluka GN, Feiz-Barazandeh A, Zayats RR, Salako ES, Onwah SS, Onyilagha C, Jia P, Mou Z, Shan L, Murooka TT, Gounni AS, Uzonna JE. Semaphorin 3E Promotes Susceptibility to Leishmania major Infection in Mice by Suppressing CD4 + Th1 Cell Response. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 206:588-598. [PMID: 33443083 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2000516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Protective immunity to cutaneous leishmaniasis is mediated by IFN-γ-secreting CD4+ Th1 cells. IFN-γ binds to its receptor on Leishmania-infected macrophages, resulting in their activation, production of NO, and subsequent destruction of parasites. This study investigated the role of Semaphorin 3E (Sema3E) in host immunity to Leishmania major infection in mice. We observed a significant increase in Sema3E expression at the infection site at different timepoints following L. major infection. Sema3E-deficient (Sema3E knockout [KO]) mice were highly resistant to L. major infection, as evidenced by significantly (p < 0.05-0.01) reduced lesion sizes and lower parasite burdens at different times postinfection when compared with their infected wild-type counterpart mice. The enhanced resistance of Sema3E KO mice was associated with significantly (p < 0.05) increased IFN-γ production by CD4+ T cells. CD11c+ cells from Sema3E KO mice displayed increased expression of costimulatory molecules and IL-12p40 production following L. major infection and were more efficient at inducing the differentiation of Leishmania-specific CD4+ T cells to Th1 cells than their wild-type counterpart cells. Furthermore, purified CD4+ T cells from Sema3E KO mice showed increased propensity to differentiate into Th1 cells in vitro, and this was significantly inhibited by the addition of recombinant Sema3E in vitro. These findings collectively show that Sema3E is a negative regulator of protective CD4+ Th1 immunity in mice infected with L. major and suggest that its neutralization may be a potential therapeutic option for treating individuals suffering from cutaneous leishmaniasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nnamdi M Ikeogu
- Department of Immunology, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3E 0T5, Canada
| | - Chidalu A Edechi
- Department of Pathology, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3E 3P5, Canada; and
| | - Gloria N Akaluka
- Department of Immunology, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3E 0T5, Canada
| | - Aida Feiz-Barazandeh
- Department of Immunology, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3E 0T5, Canada
| | - Romaniya R Zayats
- Department of Immunology, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3E 0T5, Canada
| | - Enitan S Salako
- Department of Immunology, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3E 0T5, Canada
| | - Somtochukwu S Onwah
- Department of Immunology, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3E 0T5, Canada
| | - Chukuwunonso Onyilagha
- National Centre for Foreign Animal Disease, Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3E 3M4, Canada
| | - Ping Jia
- Department of Immunology, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3E 0T5, Canada
| | - Zhirong Mou
- Department of Immunology, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3E 0T5, Canada
| | - Lianyu Shan
- Department of Immunology, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3E 0T5, Canada
| | - Thomas T Murooka
- Department of Immunology, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3E 0T5, Canada
| | - Abdelilah S Gounni
- Department of Immunology, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3E 0T5, Canada
| | - Jude E Uzonna
- Department of Immunology, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3E 0T5, Canada;
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19
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Prediction of Conserved Peptides of Paracoccidioides for Interferon-γ Release Assay: The First Step in the Development of a Lab-Based Approach for Immunological Assessment during Antifungal Therapy. J Fungi (Basel) 2020; 6:jof6040379. [PMID: 33352628 PMCID: PMC7766394 DOI: 10.3390/jof6040379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Revised: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Impaired antigen-specific cell-mediated immunity (CMI) is a primary immunological disturbance observed in individuals that develop paracoccidioidomycosis (PCM) after exposure to Paracoccidioides spp. Restoration of Paracoccidioides-specific CMI is crucial to stop the antifungal treatment and avoid relapses. A convenient and specific laboratory tool to assess antigen specific CMI is required for the appropriate clinical treatment of fungal infections, in order to decrease the time of antifungal therapy. We used an interferon-γ release assay strategy, used in the diagnosis of latent tuberculosis infection, to address our aims in this study. Information on proteins secreted by two well-studied representative strains-Paracoccidioides brasiliensis (Pb18) and P. lutzii (Pb-01)-were explored using PubMed or MEDLINE. From 26 publications, 252 proteins were identified, of which 203 were similar according to the Basic Local Alignment Search Tool. This enabled a selection of conserved peptides using the MEGA software. The SignalP-5.0, TMHMM, IEDB, NetMHC II, and IFNepitope algorithms were used to identify appropriate epitopes. In our study, we predicted antigenic epitopes of Paracoccidioides that could bind to MHC class II and induce IFN-γ secretion. These T cell epitopes can be used in the development of a laboratory tool to monitor the CMI of patients with PCM.
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20
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Gupta G, Mou Z, Jia P, Sharma R, Zayats R, Viana SM, Shan L, Barral A, Boaventura VS, Murooka TT, Soussi-Gounni A, de Oliveira CI, Uzonna JE. The Long Pentraxin 3 (PTX3) Suppresses Immunity to Cutaneous Leishmaniasis by Regulating CD4 + T Helper Cell Response. Cell Rep 2020; 33:108513. [PMID: 33326783 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.108513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2019] [Revised: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The long pentraxin 3 (PTX3) plays a critical role in inflammation, tissue repair, and wound healing. Here, we show that PTX3 regulates disease pathogenesis in cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL). PTX3 expression increases in skin lesions in patients and mice during CL, with higher expression correlating with severe disease. PTX3-deficient (PTX3-/-) mice are highly resistant to L. major and L. braziliensis infections. This enhanced resistance is associated with increases in Th17 and IL-17A responses. The neutralization of IL-17A abolishes this enhanced resistance, while rPTX3 treatment results in decrease in Th17 and IL-17A responses and increases susceptibility. PTX3-/- CD4+ T cells display increased differentiation to Th17 and expression of Th17-specific transcription factors. The addition of rPTX3 suppresses the expression of Th17 transcription factors, Th17 differentiation, and IL-17A production by CD4+ T cells from PTX3-/- mice. Collectively, our results show that PTX3 contributes to the pathogenesis of CL by negatively regulating Th17 and IL-17A responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaurav Gupta
- Department of Immunology, Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada; NIIT University, Rajasthan, India
| | - Zhirong Mou
- Department of Immunology, Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Ping Jia
- Department of Immunology, Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Rohit Sharma
- Instituto Gonçalo Muniz (IGM), FIOCRUZ, Salvador, Brazil
| | - Romaniya Zayats
- Department of Immunology, Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | | | - Lianyu Shan
- Department of Immunology, Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Aldina Barral
- Instituto Gonçalo Muniz (IGM), FIOCRUZ, Salvador, Brazil
| | | | - Thomas T Murooka
- Department of Immunology, Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Abdel Soussi-Gounni
- Department of Immunology, Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | | | - Jude E Uzonna
- Department of Immunology, Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.
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21
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Montes de Oca M, de Labastida Rivera F, Winterford C, Frame TCM, Ng SS, Amante FH, Edwards CL, Bukali L, Wang Y, Uzonna JE, Kuns RD, Zhang P, Kabat A, Klein Geltink RI, Pearce EJ, Hill GR, Engwerda CR. IL-27 signalling regulates glycolysis in Th1 cells to limit immunopathology during infection. PLoS Pathog 2020; 16:e1008994. [PMID: 33049000 PMCID: PMC7584222 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1008994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Revised: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammation is critical for controlling pathogens, but also responsible for symptoms of infectious diseases. IL-27 is an important regulator of inflammation and can limit development of IFNγ-producing Tbet+ CD4+ T (Th1) cells. IL-27 is thought to do this by stimulating IL-10 production by CD4+ T cells, but the underlying mechanisms of these immunoregulatory pathways are not clear. Here we studied the role of IL-27 signalling in experimental visceral leishmaniasis (VL) caused by infection of C57BL/6 mice with the human pathogen Leishmania donovani. We found IL-27 signalling was critical for the development of IL-10-producing Th1 (Tr1) cells during infection. Furthermore, in the absence of IL-27 signalling, there was improved control of parasite growth, but accelerated splenic pathology characterised by the loss of marginal zone macrophages. Critically, we discovered that IL-27 signalling limited glycolysis in Th1 cells during infection that in turn attenuated inflammation. Furthermore, the modulation of glycolysis in the absence of IL-27 signalling restricted tissue pathology without compromising anti-parasitic immunity. Together, these findings identify a novel mechanism by which IL-27 mediates immune regulation during disease by regulating cellular metabolism. Infectious diseases like visceral leishmaniasis caused by the protozoan parasites Leishmania donovani and L. infantum are associated with an inflammatory response generated by the host. This is needed to control parasite growth, but also contributes to the symptoms of disease. Consequently, these inflammatory responses need to be tightly regulated. Although we now recognize many of the cells and molecules involved in controlling inflammation, the underlying mechanisms mediating immune regulation are unclear. CD4+ T cells are critical drivers of inflammatory responses during infections and as they progress from a naïve to activated state, the metabolic pathways they use have to change to meet the new energy demands required to proliferate and produce effector molecules. In this study, we discovered that the inflammatory CD4+ T cells needed to control L. donovani infection switch from relying on mitochondrial oxidative pathways to glycolysis. Critically, we found the cytokine IL-27 limited glycolysis in these inflammatory CD4+ T cells, and in the absence of IL-27 signaling pathways, these cells expanded more rapidly to better control parasite growth, but also caused increased tissue damage in the spleen. However, pharmacological dampening of glycolysis in inflammatory CD4+ T cells in L. donovani-infected mice lacking IL-27 signaling pathways limited tissue damage without affecting their improved anti-parasitic activity. Together, these results demonstrate that the pathogenic activity of inflammatory CD4+ T cells can be modulated by altering their cellular metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcela Montes de Oca
- Immunology and Infection Laboratory, Infectious Diseases Division, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Fabian de Labastida Rivera
- Immunology and Infection Laboratory, Infectious Diseases Division, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Clay Winterford
- QIMR Berghofer Histology Facility, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Teija C. M. Frame
- Immunology and Infection Laboratory, Infectious Diseases Division, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Susanna S. Ng
- Immunology and Infection Laboratory, Infectious Diseases Division, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Fiona H. Amante
- Immunology and Infection Laboratory, Infectious Diseases Division, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Chelsea L. Edwards
- Immunology and Infection Laboratory, Infectious Diseases Division, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Luzia Bukali
- Immunology and Infection Laboratory, Infectious Diseases Division, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Yulin Wang
- Immunology and Infection Laboratory, Infectious Diseases Division, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Jude E. Uzonna
- Department of Immunology, College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Rachel D. Kuns
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Laboratory, Cancer Division, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Ping Zhang
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Laboratory, Cancer Division, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Agnieszka Kabat
- Max Plank Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, Freiburg, Germany
| | | | - Edward J. Pearce
- Max Plank Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Geoffrey R. Hill
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Centre, Washington, United States of America
| | - Christian R. Engwerda
- Immunology and Infection Laboratory, Infectious Diseases Division, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
- * E-mail:
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22
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Ng SS, De Labastida Rivera F, Yan J, Corvino D, Das I, Zhang P, Kuns R, Chauhan SB, Hou J, Li XY, Frame TCM, McEnroe BA, Moore E, Na J, Engel JA, Soon MSF, Singh B, Kueh AJ, Herold MJ, Montes de Oca M, Singh SS, Bunn PT, Aguilera AR, Casey M, Braun M, Ghazanfari N, Wani S, Wang Y, Amante FH, Edwards CL, Haque A, Dougall WC, Singh OP, Baxter AG, Teng MWL, Loukas A, Daly NL, Cloonan N, Degli-Esposti MA, Uzonna J, Heath WR, Bald T, Tey SK, Nakamura K, Hill GR, Kumar R, Sundar S, Smyth MJ, Engwerda CR. The NK cell granule protein NKG7 regulates cytotoxic granule exocytosis and inflammation. Nat Immunol 2020; 21:1205-1218. [PMID: 32839608 PMCID: PMC7965849 DOI: 10.1038/s41590-020-0758-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2019] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Immune-modulating therapies have revolutionized the treatment of chronic diseases, particularly cancer. However, their success is restricted and there is a need to identify new therapeutic targets. Here, we show that natural killer cell granule protein 7 (NKG7) is a regulator of lymphocyte granule exocytosis and downstream inflammation in a broad range of diseases. NKG7 expressed by CD4+ and CD8+ T cells played key roles in promoting inflammation during visceral leishmaniasis and malaria-two important parasitic diseases. Additionally, NKG7 expressed by natural killer cells was critical for controlling cancer initiation, growth and metastasis. NKG7 function in natural killer and CD8+ T cells was linked with their ability to regulate the translocation of CD107a to the cell surface and kill cellular targets, while NKG7 also had a major impact on CD4+ T cell activation following infection. Thus, we report a novel therapeutic target expressed on a range of immune cells with functions in different immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanna S Ng
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Nathan, Queensland, Australia
- Institute of Experimental Oncology, Medical Faculty, University Hospital Bonn, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | | | - Juming Yan
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- School of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Dillon Corvino
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- School of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Institute of Experimental Oncology, Medical Faculty, University Hospital Bonn, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Indrajit Das
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Ping Zhang
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Rachel Kuns
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Shashi Bhushan Chauhan
- Department of Medicine, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Jiajie Hou
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Xian-Yang Li
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Teija C M Frame
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- School of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Benjamin A McEnroe
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Eilish Moore
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- School of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Jinrui Na
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- School of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Jessica A Engel
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Megan S F Soon
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- School of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Bhawana Singh
- Department of Medicine, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Andrew J Kueh
- Division of Blood Cells and Blood Cancer, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Marco J Herold
- Division of Blood Cells and Blood Cancer, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | | | - Siddharth Sankar Singh
- Department of Medicine, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Patrick T Bunn
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Institute of Glycomics, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia
| | - Amy Roman Aguilera
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Mika Casey
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Matthias Braun
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Nazanin Ghazanfari
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Peter Doherty Institute, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Shivangi Wani
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Institute of Molecular Biology, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Yulin Wang
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Nathan, Queensland, Australia
| | - Fiona H Amante
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Chelsea L Edwards
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- School of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Ashraful Haque
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - William C Dougall
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Om Prakash Singh
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Alan G Baxter
- College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia
| | - Michele W L Teng
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Alex Loukas
- Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Cairns, Queensland, Australia
| | - Norelle L Daly
- Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Cairns, Queensland, Australia
| | - Nicole Cloonan
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Faculty of Science, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Mariapia A Degli-Esposti
- Infection and Immunity Program and Department of Microbiology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- The Centre for Experimental Immunology, Lions Eye Institute, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Jude Uzonna
- Department of Immunology, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - William R Heath
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Peter Doherty Institute, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Tobias Bald
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Siok-Keen Tey
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Kyohei Nakamura
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Geoffrey R Hill
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Rajiv Kumar
- Department of Medicine, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
- Centre of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Shyam Sundar
- Department of Medicine, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Mark J Smyth
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
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23
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Scott P. Long-Lived Skin-Resident Memory T Cells Contribute to Concomitant Immunity in Cutaneous Leishmaniasis. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol 2020; 12:cshperspect.a038059. [PMID: 32839202 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a038059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Memory T cells, which protect against reinfection in many diseases, have predominantly been characterized in models of acute viral or bacterial infection. In contrast, memory T cells are less well understood in diseases where pathogens persist following disease resolution, such as leishmaniasis, in spite of the fact that these infections often lead to immunity to reinfection, termed concomitant immunity. Defining the T cells that mediate concomitant immunity is an important step in developing vaccines for these diseases. One set of protective T cells are short-lived effector T cells requiring constant stimulation, which would be difficult to maintain by vaccination. However, parasite-independent memory T cells, including central memory T cells (Tcm) and skin-resident T cells (Trm) have recently been described in leishmaniasis. Given their location, Trm cells are particularly suited for protection, and were found to globally seed the skin following Leishmania infection or immunization. Upon challenge, Trm cells rapidly respond to reduce the parasite burden, suggesting that developing strategies to generate parasite-independent Trm cells will be an important step in the quest for a successful leishmaniasis vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phillip Scott
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-4539, USA
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24
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Cytokines and splenic remodelling during Leishmania donovani infection. Cytokine X 2020; 2:100036. [PMID: 33604560 PMCID: PMC7885873 DOI: 10.1016/j.cytox.2020.100036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Revised: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Visceral leishmaniasis leads to extensive remodelling of splenic microarchitecture. Splenomegaly is associated with compartmentalised vascular remodelling. Alterations in white pulp stromal cells affects leucocyte segregation. Splenic remodelling involves multiple cytokines from diverse cellular sources. Understanding splenic remodelling may lead to new therapeutic interventions.
Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) causes extensive splenic pathology that contributes to dysfunctional immune responses, in part through displacement and destruction of cell populations involved in maintaining splenic structural integrity. The expression of pro and anti-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines is crucial in orchestrating the delicate balance that exists between host resistance and tissue pathology. In an effort to restore homeostatic balance to the local microenvironment, remodelling of the splenic architecture occurs in a compartmentalised manner to retain some level of functionality, despite persistent inflammatory pressures. Animal models of VL as well as human studies have significantly contributed to our understanding of the architectural changes that occur in the spleen during VL. Here, we review the role of cytokines in mediating microarchitectural changes associated with the development of splenomegaly during VL.
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25
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Mou Z, Barazandeh AF, Hamana H, Kishi H, Zhang X, Jia P, Ikeogu N, Onyilagha C, Gupta G, Uzonna JE. Identification of a Protective Leishmania Antigen Dihydrolipoyl Dehydrogenase and Its Responding CD4 + T Cells at Clonal Level. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 205:1355-1364. [PMID: 32727889 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2000338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
There is currently no clinically effective vaccine against cutaneous leishmaniasis because of poor understanding of the Ags that elicit protective CD4+ T cell immunity. In this study, we identified a naturally processed peptide (DLD63-79) that is derived from Leishmania dihydrolipoyl dehydrogenase (DLD) protein. DLD is conserved in all pathogenic Leishmania species, is expressed by both the promastigote and amastigote stages of the parasite, and elicits strong CD4+ T cell responses in mice infected with L. major We generated I-Ab-DLD63-79 tetramer and identified DLD-specific CD4+ T cells at clonal level. Following L. major infection, DLD63-79-specific CD4+ T cells massively expanded and produced effector cytokines (IFN-γ and TNF). This was followed by a gradual contraction, stable maintenance following lesion resolution, and display of memory (recall) response following secondary challenge. Vaccination with rDLD protein induced strong protection in mice against virulent L. major challenge. Identification of Ags that elicit protective immunity and their responding Ag-specific T cells are critical steps necessary for developing effective vaccines and vaccination strategies against infectious agents, including protozoan parasites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhirong Mou
- Department of Immunology, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3E 0T5, Canada
| | - Aida F Barazandeh
- Department of Immunology, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3E 0T5, Canada
| | - Hiroshi Hamana
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama 930-0194, Japan; and
| | - Hiroyuki Kishi
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama 930-0194, Japan; and
| | - Xiaoping Zhang
- Department of Immunology, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3E 0T5, Canada
| | - Ping Jia
- Department of Immunology, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3E 0T5, Canada
| | - Nnamdi Ikeogu
- Department of Immunology, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3E 0T5, Canada
| | - Chukwunonso Onyilagha
- Department of Immunology, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3E 0T5, Canada
| | - Gaurav Gupta
- Department of Immunology, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3E 0T5, Canada
| | - Jude E Uzonna
- Department of Immunology, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3E 0T5, Canada; .,Department of Medical Microbiology, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3E 0T5, Canada
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26
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Ikeogu NM, Akaluka GN, Edechi CA, Salako ES, Onyilagha C, Barazandeh AF, Uzonna JE. Leishmania Immunity: Advancing Immunotherapy and Vaccine Development. Microorganisms 2020; 8:E1201. [PMID: 32784615 PMCID: PMC7465679 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8081201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Revised: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Parasitic diseases still constitute a major global health problem affecting billions of people around the world. These diseases are capable of becoming chronic and result in high morbidity and mortality. Worldwide, millions of people die each year from parasitic diseases, with the bulk of those deaths resulting from parasitic protozoan infections. Leishmaniasis, which is a disease caused by over 20 species of the protozoan parasite belonging to the genus Leishmania, is an important neglected disease. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), an estimated 12 million people are currently infected in about 98 countries and about 2 million new cases occur yearly, resulting in about 50,000 deaths each year. Current treatment methods for leishmaniasis are not very effective and often have significant side effects. In this review, we discussed host immunity to leishmaniasis, various treatment options currently being utilized, and the progress of both immunotherapy and vaccine development strategies used so far in leishmaniasis. We concluded with insights into what the future holds toward the fight against this debilitating parasitic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nnamdi M. Ikeogu
- Department of Immunology, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0T5, Canada; (G.N.A.); (E.S.S.); (C.O.); (A.F.B.)
| | - Gloria N. Akaluka
- Department of Immunology, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0T5, Canada; (G.N.A.); (E.S.S.); (C.O.); (A.F.B.)
| | - Chidalu A. Edechi
- Department of Pathology, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3P5, Canada;
| | - Enitan S. Salako
- Department of Immunology, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0T5, Canada; (G.N.A.); (E.S.S.); (C.O.); (A.F.B.)
| | - Chukwunonso Onyilagha
- Department of Immunology, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0T5, Canada; (G.N.A.); (E.S.S.); (C.O.); (A.F.B.)
- National Centre for Foreign Animal Disease, Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3M4, Canada
| | - Aida F. Barazandeh
- Department of Immunology, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0T5, Canada; (G.N.A.); (E.S.S.); (C.O.); (A.F.B.)
| | - Jude E. Uzonna
- Department of Immunology, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0T5, Canada; (G.N.A.); (E.S.S.); (C.O.); (A.F.B.)
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27
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Sukegawa K, Shitaoka K, Hamana H, Kobayashi E, Miyahara Y, Fujii K, Tsuda K, Saeki S, Nagata T, Ozawa T, Saito S, Fujii T, Muraguchi A, Shiku H, Kishi H. Relationship between T cell receptor clonotype and PD‐1 expression of tumor‐infiltrating lymphocytes in colorectal cancer. Eur J Immunol 2020; 50:1580-1590. [DOI: 10.1002/eji.201948399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2019] [Revised: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kenta Sukegawa
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Academic Assembly University of Toyama Toyama Japan
- Department of Surgery and Science, Faculty of Medicine, Academic Assembly University of Toyama Toyama Japan
| | - Kiyomi Shitaoka
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Academic Assembly University of Toyama Toyama Japan
| | - Hiroshi Hamana
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Academic Assembly University of Toyama Toyama Japan
| | - Eiji Kobayashi
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Academic Assembly University of Toyama Toyama Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Miyahara
- Department of Personalized Cancer Immunotherapy Mie University Graduate School of Medicine Mie Japan
| | - Keisuke Fujii
- Department of Immuno‐Gene Therapy Mie University Graduate School of Medicine Mie Japan
| | - Kei Tsuda
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Academic Assembly University of Toyama Toyama Japan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Academic Assembly University of Toyama Toyama Japan
| | - Shiori Saeki
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Academic Assembly University of Toyama Toyama Japan
- Department of Surgery and Science, Faculty of Medicine, Academic Assembly University of Toyama Toyama Japan
| | - Takuya Nagata
- Department of Surgery and Science, Faculty of Medicine, Academic Assembly University of Toyama Toyama Japan
| | - Tatsuhiko Ozawa
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Academic Assembly University of Toyama Toyama Japan
| | - Shigeru Saito
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Academic Assembly University of Toyama Toyama Japan
| | - Tsutomu Fujii
- Department of Surgery and Science, Faculty of Medicine, Academic Assembly University of Toyama Toyama Japan
| | - Atsushi Muraguchi
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Academic Assembly University of Toyama Toyama Japan
| | - Hiroshi Shiku
- Department of Personalized Cancer Immunotherapy Mie University Graduate School of Medicine Mie Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Kishi
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Academic Assembly University of Toyama Toyama Japan
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Hamrouni S, Bras-Gonçalves R, Kidar A, Aoun K, Chamakh-Ayari R, Petitdidier E, Messaoudi Y, Pagniez J, Lemesre JL, Meddeb-Garnaoui A. Design of multi-epitope peptides containing HLA class-I and class-II-restricted epitopes derived from immunogenic Leishmania proteins, and evaluation of CD4+ and CD8+ T cell responses induced in cured cutaneous leishmaniasis subjects. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2020; 14:e0008093. [PMID: 32176691 PMCID: PMC7098648 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0008093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2019] [Revised: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Human leishmaniasis is a public health problem worldwide for which the development of a vaccine remains a challenge. T cell-mediated immune responses are crucial for protection. Peptide vaccines based on the identification of immunodominant T cell epitopes able to induce T cell specific immune responses constitute a promising strategy. Here, we report the identification of human leukocyte antigen class-I (HLA-I) and -II (HLA-II)-restricted multi-epitope peptides from Leishmania proteins that we have previously described as vaccine candidates. Promastigote Surface Antigen (PSA), LmlRAB (L. major large RAB GTPase) and Histone (H2B) were screened, in silico, for T cell epitopes. 6 HLA-I and 5 HLA-II-restricted multi-epitope peptides, able to bind to the most frequent HLA molecules, were designed and used as pools to stimulate PBMCs from individuals with healed cutaneous leishmaniasis. IFN-γ, IL-10, TNF-α and granzyme B (GrB) production was evaluated by ELISA/CBA. The frequency of IFN-γ-producing T cells was quantified by ELISpot. T cells secreting cytokines and memory T cells were analyzed by flow cytometry. 16 of 25 peptide pools containing HLA-I, HLA-II or HLA-I and -II peptides were able to induce specific and significant IFN-γ levels. No IL-10 was detected. 6 peptide pools were selected among those inducing the highest IFN-γ levels for further characterization. 3/6 pools were able to induce a significant increase of the percentages of CD4+IFN-γ+, CD8+IFN-γ+ and CD4+GrB+ T cells. The same pools also induced a significant increase of the percentages of bifunctional IFN-γ+/TNF-α+CD4+ and/or central memory T cells. We identified highly promiscuous HLA-I and -II restricted epitope combinations from H2B, PSA and LmlRAB proteins that stimulate both CD4+ and CD8+ T cell responses in recovered individuals. These multi-epitope peptides could be used as potential components of a polytope vaccine for human leishmaniasis. The control of leishmaniasis, a neglected tropical disease of public health importance, caused by protozoan parasites of the genus Leishmania, mainly relies on chemotherapy, which is highly toxic. Currently, there is no vaccine against human leishmaniasis. Peptide-based vaccines consisting of T cell epitopes identified within proteins of interest by epitope predictive algorithms are a promising strategy for vaccine development. Here, we identified multi-epitope peptides composed of HLA-I and -II-restricted epitopes, using immunoinformatic tools, within Leishmania proteins previously described as potential vaccine candidates. We showed that multi-epitope peptides used as pools were able to activate IFN-γ producing CD4+ as well as CD8+ T cells, both required for parasite elimination. In addition, granzyme B-producing CD4+ T cells, bifunctional CD4+ IFN-γ+/TNF-α+ and/or TNF-α+/IL-2+ T cells as well as CD4+ and CD8+ central memory T cells, all involved in Leishmania infection control, were significantly increased in response to multi-epitope peptide stimulation. As far as we know, no study has described the detection of both CD4+ and CD8+ T cell populations in response to stimulation by both HLA-I and II-restricted peptides in humans. The immunogenic HLA-I and -II-restricted multi-epitope peptides identified in this study could constitute potential vaccine candidates against human leishmaniasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarra Hamrouni
- Laboratoire de Parasitologie Médicale, Biotechnologie et Biomolécules, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Tunis, Tunisie
- Faculté des Sciences de Bizerte, Université de Carthage, Tunis, Tunisie
- UMR INTERTRYP, Université de Montpellier, IRD, CIRAD, Montpellier, France
| | | | | | - Karim Aoun
- Laboratoire de Parasitologie Médicale, Biotechnologie et Biomolécules, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Tunis, Tunisie
| | - Rym Chamakh-Ayari
- Laboratoire de Parasitologie Médicale, Biotechnologie et Biomolécules, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Tunis, Tunisie
- Faculté des Sciences de Bizerte, Université de Carthage, Tunis, Tunisie
| | - Elodie Petitdidier
- UMR INTERTRYP, Université de Montpellier, IRD, CIRAD, Montpellier, France
| | - Yasmine Messaoudi
- Laboratoire de Parasitologie Médicale, Biotechnologie et Biomolécules, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Tunis, Tunisie
- Faculté des Sciences de Bizerte, Université de Carthage, Tunis, Tunisie
- UMR INTERTRYP, Université de Montpellier, IRD, CIRAD, Montpellier, France
| | - Julie Pagniez
- UMR INTERTRYP, Université de Montpellier, IRD, CIRAD, Montpellier, France
| | - Jean-Loup Lemesre
- UMR INTERTRYP, Université de Montpellier, IRD, CIRAD, Montpellier, France
| | - Amel Meddeb-Garnaoui
- Laboratoire de Parasitologie Médicale, Biotechnologie et Biomolécules, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Tunis, Tunisie
- * E-mail:
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Bettencourt P. Current Challenges in the Identification of Pre-Erythrocytic Malaria Vaccine Candidate Antigens. Front Immunol 2020; 11:190. [PMID: 32153565 PMCID: PMC7046804 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Accepted: 01/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Plasmodium spp.-infected mosquitos inject sporozoites into the skin of a mammalian host during a blood meal. These enter the host's circulatory system and establish an infection in the liver. After a silent metamorphosis, merozoites invade the blood leading to the symptomatic and transmissible stages of malaria. The silent pre-erythrocytic malaria stage represents a bottleneck in the disease which is ideal to block progression to clinical malaria, through chemotherapeutic and immunoprophylactic interventions. RTS,S/AS01, the only malaria vaccine close to licensure, although with poor efficacy, blocks the sporozoite invasion mainly through the action of antibodies against the CSP protein, a major component of the pellicle of the sporozoite. Strikingly, sterile protection against malaria can be obtained through immunization with radiation-attenuated sporozoites, genetically attenuated sporozoites or through chemoprophylaxis with infectious sporozoites in animals and humans, but the deployability of sporozoite-based live vaccines pose tremendous challenges. The protection induced by sporozoites occurs in the pre-erythrocytic stages and is mediated mainly by antibodies against the sporozoite and CD8+ T cells against peptides presented by MHC class I molecules in infected hepatocytes. Thus, the identification of malaria antigens expressed in the sporozoite and liver-stage may provide new vaccine candidates to be included, alone or in combination, as recombinant protein-based, virus-like particles or sub-unit virally-vectored vaccines. Here I review the efforts being made to identify Plasmodium falciparum antigens expressed during liver-stage with focus on the development of parasite, hepatocyte, mouse models, and resulting rate of infection in order to identify new vaccine candidates and to improve the efficacy of the current vaccines. Finally, I propose new approaches for the identification of liver-stage antigens based on immunopeptidomics.
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Bettencourt P, Müller J, Nicastri A, Cantillon D, Madhavan M, Charles PD, Fotso CB, Wittenberg R, Bull N, Pinpathomrat N, Waddell SJ, Stylianou E, Hill AVS, Ternette N, McShane H. Identification of antigens presented by MHC for vaccines against tuberculosis. NPJ Vaccines 2020; 5:2. [PMID: 31908851 PMCID: PMC6941960 DOI: 10.1038/s41541-019-0148-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M.tb) is responsible for more deaths globally than any other pathogen. The only available vaccine, bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG), has variable efficacy throughout the world. A more effective vaccine is urgently needed. The immune response against tuberculosis relies, at least in part, on CD4+ T cells. Protective vaccines require the induction of antigen-specific CD4+ T cells via mycobacterial peptides presented by MHC class-II in infected macrophages. In order to identify mycobacterial antigens bound to MHC, we have immunoprecipitated MHC class-I and class-II complexes from THP-1 macrophages infected with BCG, purified MHC class-I and MHC class-II peptides and analysed them by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. We have successfully identified 94 mycobacterial peptides presented by MHC-II and 43 presented by MHC-I, from 76 and 41 antigens, respectively. These antigens were found to be highly expressed in infected macrophages. Gene ontology analysis suggests most of these antigens are associated with membranes and involved in lipid biosynthesis and transport. The sequences of selected peptides were confirmed by spectral match validation and immunogenicity evaluated by IFN-gamma ELISpot against peripheral blood mononuclear cell from volunteers vaccinated with BCG, M.tb latently infected subjects or patients with tuberculosis disease. Three antigens were expressed in viral vectors, and evaluated as vaccine candidates alone or in combination in a murine aerosol M.tb challenge model. When delivered in combination, the three candidate vaccines conferred significant protection in the lungs and spleen compared with BCG alone, demonstrating proof-of-concept for this unbiased approach to identifying new candidate antigens. Protective vaccines against Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M.tb), such as bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG), trigger strong CD4 T-cell responses specific to mycobacterium peptides, but their efficacy is variable. Paulo Bettencourt and colleagues now identify a set of mycobacterium peptides presented by BCG-infected macrophages via major compatibility complexes (MHC), and show that three of these antigens can be combined to formulate a vaccine that confers improved protection to Mtb infection in mice. After identifying 94 MHC-II-associated and 43 MHC-I-associated mycobacterium peptides, the researchers performed immunogenicity assays with peripheral blood mononuclear cells from BCG-vaccinated donors, latent Mtb-infected patients and patients with tuberculosis, and show that a set of these peptides was recognised by the immune cells, validating their potential as possible components for new Mtb vaccine formulations. These findings further support the value of immunopeptidomics for the identification of new antigens for effective vaccine alternatives.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Julius Müller
- 1Jenner Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7DQ UK
| | - Annalisa Nicastri
- 2Target Discovery Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7FZ UK
| | - Daire Cantillon
- 3Department of Global Health and Infection, Brighton and Sussex Medical School, University of Sussex, Brighton, BN1 9PX UK
| | - Meera Madhavan
- 1Jenner Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7DQ UK
| | - Philip D Charles
- 2Target Discovery Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7FZ UK
| | - Carine B Fotso
- 1Jenner Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7DQ UK
| | | | - Naomi Bull
- 1Jenner Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7DQ UK
| | | | - Simon J Waddell
- 3Department of Global Health and Infection, Brighton and Sussex Medical School, University of Sussex, Brighton, BN1 9PX UK
| | | | | | - Nicola Ternette
- 1Jenner Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7DQ UK.,2Target Discovery Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7FZ UK
| | - Helen McShane
- 1Jenner Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7DQ UK
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31
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Hobbs SJ, Harbour JC, Yates PA, Ortiz D, Landfear SM, Nolz JC. Vaccinia Virus Vectors Targeting Peptides for MHC Class II Presentation to CD4 + T Cells. Immunohorizons 2020; 4:1-13. [PMID: 31896555 PMCID: PMC7380490 DOI: 10.4049/immunohorizons.1900070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
CD4+ helper T cells play important roles in providing help to B cells, macrophages, and cytotoxic CD8+ T cells, but also exhibit direct effector functions against a variety of different pathogens. In contrast to CD8+ T cells, CD4+ T cells typically exhibit broader specificities and undergo less clonal expansion during many types of viral infections, which often makes the identification of virus-specific CD4+ T cells technically challenging. In this study, we have generated recombinant vaccinia virus (VacV) vectors that target I-Ab-restricted peptides for MHC class II (MHC-II) presentation to activate CD4+ T cells in mice. Conjugating the lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus immunodominant epitope GP61-80 to either LAMP1 to facilitate lysosomal targeting or to the MHC-II invariant chain (Ii) significantly increased the activation of Ag-specific CD4+ T cells in vivo. Immunization with VacV-Ii-GP61-80 activated endogenous Ag-specific CD4+ T cells that formed memory and rapidly re-expanded following heterologous challenge. Notably, immunization of mice with VacV expressing an MHC-II-restricted peptide from Leishmania species (PEPCK335-351) conjugated to either LAMP1 or Ii also generated Ag-specific memory CD4+ T cells that underwent robust secondary expansion following a visceral leishmaniasis infection, suggesting this approach could be used to generate Ag-specific memory CD4+ T cells against a variety of different pathogens. Overall, our data show that VacV vectors targeting peptides for MHC-II presentation is an effective strategy to activate Ag-specific CD4+ T cells in vivo and could be used to study Ag-specific effector and memory CD4+ T cell responses against a variety of viral, bacterial, or parasitic infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel J Hobbs
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239
| | - Jake C Harbour
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239
| | - Phillip A Yates
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239
| | - Diana Ortiz
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239
| | - Scott M Landfear
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239
| | - Jeffrey C Nolz
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239;
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Cancer Biology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239; and
- Department of Radiation Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239
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32
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Intradermal Synthetic DNA Vaccination Generates Leishmania-Specific T Cells in the Skin and Protection against Leishmania major. Infect Immun 2019; 87:IAI.00227-19. [PMID: 31182618 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00227-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2019] [Accepted: 06/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Vaccination remains one of the greatest medical breakthroughs in human history and has resulted in the near eradication of many formerly lethal diseases in many countries, including the complete eradication of smallpox. However, there remain a number of diseases for which there are no or only partially effective vaccines. There are numerous hurdles in vaccine development, of which knowing the appropriate immune response to target is one of them. Recently, tissue-resident T cells have been shown to mediate high levels of protection for several infections, although the best way to induce these cells is still unclear. Here we compare the ability to generate skin-resident T cells in sites distant from the immunization site following intramuscular and intradermal injection using optimized synthetic DNA vaccines. We found that mice immunized intradermally with a synthetic consensus DNA HIV envelope vaccine by electroporation (EP) are better able to maintain durable antigen-specific cellular responses in the skin than mice immunized by the intramuscular route. We extended these studies by delivering a synthetic DNA vaccine encoding Leishmania glycosomal phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK) by EP and again found that the intradermal route was superior to the intramuscular route for generating skin-resident PEPCK-specific T cells. We observed that when challenged with Leishmania major parasites, mice immunized intradermally exhibited significant protection, while mice immunized intramuscularly did not. The protection seen in intradermally vaccinated mice supports the viability of this platform not only to generate skin-resident T cells but also to promote durable protective immune responses at relevant tissue sites.
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33
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Hohman LS, Peters NC. CD4 + T Cell-Mediated Immunity against the Phagosomal Pathogen Leishmania: Implications for Vaccination. Trends Parasitol 2019; 35:423-435. [PMID: 31080088 DOI: 10.1016/j.pt.2019.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2019] [Revised: 04/02/2019] [Accepted: 04/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The generation of an efficacious vaccine that elicits protective CD4+ T cell-mediated immunity has been elusive. The lack of a vaccine against the Leishmania parasite is particularly perplexing as infected individuals acquire life-long immunity to reinfection. Experimental observations suggest that the relationship between immunological memory and protection against Leishmania is not straightforward and that a new paradigm is required to inform vaccine design. These observations include: (i) induction of Th1 memory is a component of protective immunity, but is not sufficient; (ii) memory T cells may be protective only if they generate circulating effector cells prior to, not after, challenge; and (iii) the low-dose/high-inflammation conditions of physiological vector transmission compromises vaccine efficacy. Understanding the implications of these observations is likely key to efficacious vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leah S Hohman
- Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Departments of Microbiology, Immunology, and Infectious Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine and Comparative Biology and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, AB, T2N 4Z6, Canada
| | - Nathan C Peters
- Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Departments of Microbiology, Immunology, and Infectious Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine and Comparative Biology and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, AB, T2N 4Z6, Canada.
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Rossi M, Fasel N. How to master the host immune system? Leishmania parasites have the solutions! Int Immunol 2019; 30:103-111. [PMID: 29294040 PMCID: PMC5892169 DOI: 10.1093/intimm/dxx075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2017] [Accepted: 12/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Infection by protozoan parasites of the genus Leishmania results in the development of leishmaniasis, an increasingly prevalent group of diseases affecting over 12 million people worldwide. Leishmaniasis can have very different outcomes ranging from cutaneous lesions, mucosal lesions to visceralization depending on the species of the infecting parasite and on the immune response developed by the host. As an obligate intracellular parasite, residing within macrophages, Leishmania evolved in strict contact with the host immune system, developing different mechanisms to evade or modulate the immune response. Various types of immune responses are observed during different Leishmania spp. infections, resulting in parasite clearance but also contributing to the pathogenesis, thus increasing the complexity of the course of the disease. Interestingly, depending on the type of leishmaniasis developed, opposite treatment strategies, which either boost or inhibit the inflammatory response, have shown efficacy. In this review, we summarize the contribution of different immune cell types to the development of the anti-leishmanial immune response and the parasite strategies to evade and modulate host immunity. Further, we discuss the involvement of co-infecting pathogens in the determination of the outcome of leishmaniasis and on the effectiveness of treatment and the implication of the immune response for treatment and vaccine development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Rossi
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Lausanne, Epalinges, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Nicolas Fasel
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Lausanne, Epalinges, Lausanne, Switzerland
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35
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Bunn PT, Montes de Oca M, de Labastida Rivera F, Kumar R, Ng SS, Edwards CL, Faleiro RJ, Sheel M, Amante FH, Frame TCM, Muller W, Haque A, Uzonna JE, Hill GR, Engwerda CR. Distinct Roles for CD4+ Foxp3+ Regulatory T Cells and IL-10–Mediated Immunoregulatory Mechanisms during Experimental Visceral Leishmaniasis Caused by Leishmania donovani. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2018; 201:3362-3372. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1701582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2017] [Accepted: 09/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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36
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He J, Huang F, Zhang J, Chen H, Chen Q, Zhang J, Li J, Zheng Z, Chen D, Chen J. DNA prime-protein boost vaccine encoding HLA-A2, HLA-A24 and HLA-DR1 restricted epitopes of CaNA2 against visceral leishmaniasis. Immunology 2018; 156:94-108. [PMID: 30285279 DOI: 10.1111/imm.13007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2018] [Revised: 09/09/2018] [Accepted: 09/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Visceral leishmaniasis is a tropical and neglected disease with an estimated 200 000-400 000 cases and 60 000 deaths worldwide each year. Currently, no clinically valid vaccine is available for this disease. In this study, we formulated DNA and protein vaccines encoding HLA-A2, HLA-A24 and HLA-DR1 restricted epitopes of CaNA2 against visceral leishmaniasis. We predicted the secondary and tertiary structures, surface properties, subcellular localization, potential binding sites and HLA-A2, HLA-A24 and HLA-DR1 restricted epitopes of CaNA2. The best candidate CpG ODN (2395, M362, D-SL03 or 685) was screened out as a DNA vaccine adjuvant. We also prepared Kmp-11 and Kmp-11/CaNA2 DNA and protein vaccines, respectively, for comparison. BALB/c mice were immunized with a DNA prime-protein boost immunization strategy and challenged with a newly isolated Leishmania strain from an individual with visceral leishmaniasis. The IgG antibody titers showed that our vaccine had strong immunogenicity with a long duration, especially cellular immunity. The spleen parasite burden of each group demonstrated that the CaNA2 vaccine had a certain immune protective effect on visceral leishmaniasis in BALB/c mice, and the amastigote reduction rate reached 76%. Preliminary safety tests confirmed the safety of the vaccine. Our work demonstrates that the HLA-A2, HLA-A24 and HLA-DR1 restricted epitope CaNA2 DNA prime-protein boost vaccine may be a safe and effective epitope vaccine candidate against visceral leishmaniasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinlei He
- Department of Parasitology, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Fan Huang
- Surgical Department, Chengdu Shuangliu Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Jianhui Zhang
- Department of Parasitology, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Han Chen
- Department of Parasitology, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Qiwei Chen
- Department of Parasitology, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Junrong Zhang
- Department of Parasitology, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Jiao Li
- Department of Parasitology, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Zhiwan Zheng
- Department of Parasitology, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Dali Chen
- Department of Parasitology, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Jianping Chen
- Department of Parasitology, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.,Animal Disease Prevention and Food Safety Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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37
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Toepp A, Larson M, Wilson G, Grinnage-Pulley T, Bennett C, Leal-Lima A, Anderson B, Parrish M, Anderson M, Fowler H, Hinman J, Kontowicz E, Jefferies J, Beeman M, Buch J, Saucier J, Tyrrell P, Gharpure R, Cotter C, Petersen C. Randomized, controlled, double-blinded field trial to assess Leishmania vaccine effectiveness as immunotherapy for canine leishmaniosis. Vaccine 2018; 36:6433-6441. [PMID: 30219369 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2018.08.087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2018] [Revised: 08/03/2018] [Accepted: 08/04/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Better tools are necessary to eliminate visceral leishmaniasis (VL). Modeling studies for regional Leishmania elimination indicate that an effective vaccine is a critical tool. Dogs are the reservoir host of L. infantum in Brazil and the Mediterranean basin, and therefore are an important target for public health interventions as well as a relevant disease model for human VL. No vaccine has been efficacious as an immunotherapy to prevent progression of already diagnostically positive individuals to symptomatic leishmaniasis. We performed a double-blinded, block-randomized, placebo-controlled, vaccine immunotherapy trial testing the efficacy of a recombinant Leishmania A2 protein, saponin-adjuvanted, vaccine, LeishTec®, in owned hunting dogs infected with L. infantum. The primary outcome was reduction of clinical progression, with reduction of mortality as a secondary outcome. Vaccination as an immunotherapy reduced the risk of progression to clinically overt leishmaniasis by 25% in asymptomatic dogs (RR: 1.33 95% C.I. 1.009-1.786 p-value: 0.0450). Receiving vaccine vs. placebo reduced all-cause mortality in younger asymptomatic dogs by 70% (RR: 3.19 95% C.I.: 1.185-8.502 p-value = 0.0245). Vaccination of infected-healthy animals with an anti-Leishmania vaccine significantly reduced clinical progression and decreased all-cause mortality. Use of vaccination in infected-healthy dogs can be a tool for Leishmania control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Toepp
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA; Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases, University of Iowa Research Park, Coralville, IA 52241, USA
| | - Mandy Larson
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA; Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases, University of Iowa Research Park, Coralville, IA 52241, USA
| | - Geneva Wilson
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA; Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases, University of Iowa Research Park, Coralville, IA 52241, USA
| | - Tara Grinnage-Pulley
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA; Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases, University of Iowa Research Park, Coralville, IA 52241, USA
| | - Carolyne Bennett
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA; Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases, University of Iowa Research Park, Coralville, IA 52241, USA
| | - Adam Leal-Lima
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA; Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases, University of Iowa Research Park, Coralville, IA 52241, USA
| | - Bryan Anderson
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Molly Parrish
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA; Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases, University of Iowa Research Park, Coralville, IA 52241, USA
| | - Michael Anderson
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Hailie Fowler
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Jessica Hinman
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Eric Kontowicz
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | | | | | - Jesse Buch
- IDEXX Laboratories Inc., Westbrook, ME, USA
| | | | | | - Radhika Gharpure
- Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21210, USA
| | - Caitlin Cotter
- Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21210, USA
| | - Christine Petersen
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA; Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases, University of Iowa Research Park, Coralville, IA 52241, USA. http://petersen.lab.uiowa.edu/
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38
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An altered CD8 + T cell epitope of insulin prevents type 1 diabetes in humanized NOD mice. Cell Mol Immunol 2018; 16:590-601. [PMID: 29955175 DOI: 10.1038/s41423-018-0058-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2017] [Accepted: 05/31/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Autoreactive CD8+ T cells, which play an indispensable role in β cell destruction, represent an emerging target for the prevention of type 1 diabetes (T1D). Altered peptide ligands (APLs) can efficiently induce antigen-specific T cells anergy, apoptosis or shifts in the immune response. Here, we found that HLA-A*0201-restricted CD8+ T cell responses against a primary β-cell autoantigen insulin epitope InsB15-14 were present in both NOD.β2mnull.HHD NOD mice and T1D patients. We generated several APL candidates for InsB15-14 by residue substitution at the p6 position. Only H6F exhibited an inhibitory effect on mInsB15-14-specific CD8+ T cell responses in vitro. H6F treatment significantly reduced the T1D incidence, which was accompanied by diminished autoreactive CD8+ T cell responses to mInsB15-14, inhibited infiltration of CD8+ and CD4+ T cells in the pancreas and reduced pro-inflammatory cytokine production in pancreatic and splenic T cells in NOD.β2mnull.HHD mice. Mechanistically, H6F treatment significantly augmented a tiny portion of CD8+CD25+Foxp3+ T cells in the spleen and especially in the pancreas. This subset exhibited typical Treg phenotypes and required peptide-specific restimulation to exert immunosuppressive activity. Therefore, this APL H6F may be a promising candidate with potential clinical application value for antigen-specific prevention of T1D.
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Shitaoka K, Hamana H, Kishi H, Hayakawa Y, Kobayashi E, Sukegawa K, Piao X, Lyu F, Nagata T, Sugiyama D, Nishikawa H, Tanemura A, Katayama I, Murahashi M, Takamatsu Y, Tani K, Ozawa T, Muraguchi A. Identification of Tumoricidal TCRs from Tumor-Infiltrating Lymphocytes by Single-Cell Analysis. Cancer Immunol Res 2018; 6:378-388. [PMID: 29475880 DOI: 10.1158/2326-6066.cir-17-0489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2017] [Revised: 12/08/2017] [Accepted: 02/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
T-cell receptor (TCR) gene therapy is a promising next-generation antitumor treatment. We previously developed a single-T-cell analysis protocol that allows the rapid capture of paired TCRα and β cDNAs. Here, we applied the protocol to analyze the TCR repertoire of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) of various cancer patients. We found clonally expanded populations of T cells that expressed the same clonotypic TCR in 50% to 70% of CD137+CD8+ TILs, indicating that they responded to certain antigens in the tumor environment. To assess the tumor reactivity of the TCRs derived from those clonally expanded TILs in detail, we then analyzed the CD137+CD8+ TILs from the tumor of B16F10 melanoma cells in six C57BL/6 mice and analyzed their TCR repertoire. We also found clonally expanded T cells in 60% to 90% of CD137+CD8+ TILs. When the tumor reactivity of dominant clonotypic TCRs in each mouse was analyzed, 9 of 13 TCRs induced the secretion of IFNγ in response to, and showed killing of, B16F10 cells in vitro, and 2 of them showed strong antitumor activity in vivo Concerning their antigen specificity, 7 of them reacted to p15E peptide of endogenous murine leukemia virus-derived envelope glycoprotein 70, and the rest reacted to tumor-associated antigens expressed on EL4 lymphoma as well as B16 melanoma cells. These results show that our strategy enables us to simply and rapidly obtain the tumor-specific TCR repertoire with high fidelity in an antigen- and MHC haplotype-independent manner from primary TILs. Cancer Immunol Res; 6(4); 378-88. ©2018 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiyomi Shitaoka
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences (Medicine), Toyama, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Hamana
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences (Medicine), Toyama, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Kishi
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences (Medicine), Toyama, Japan.
| | - Yoshihiro Hayakawa
- Division of Pathogenic Biochemistry, Institute of Natural Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Eiji Kobayashi
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences (Medicine), Toyama, Japan
| | - Kenta Sukegawa
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences (Medicine), Toyama, Japan.,Department of Surgery and Science, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences (Medicine), Toyama, Japan
| | - Xiuhong Piao
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences (Medicine), Toyama, Japan
| | - Fulian Lyu
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences (Medicine), Toyama, Japan
| | - Takuya Nagata
- Department of Surgery and Science, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences (Medicine), Toyama, Japan
| | - Daisuke Sugiyama
- Department of Immunology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Hiroyoshi Nishikawa
- Department of Immunology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan.,Division of Cancer Immunology, Research Institute/Exploratory Oncology Research and Clinical Trial Center, National Cancer Center, Kashiwa, Japan
| | - Atsushi Tanemura
- Department of Dermatology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | - Ichiro Katayama
- Department of Dermatology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | - Mutsunori Murahashi
- Department of Advanced Cell and Molecular Therapy, Kyushu University Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yasushi Takamatsu
- Division of Medical Oncology, Hematology and Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Kenzaburo Tani
- Project Division of ALA Advanced Medical Research, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tatsuhiko Ozawa
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences (Medicine), Toyama, Japan
| | - Atsushi Muraguchi
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences (Medicine), Toyama, Japan
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Tsuruta M, Ueda S, Yew PY, Fukuda I, Yoshimura S, Kishi H, Hamana H, Hirayama M, Yatsuda J, Irie A, Senju S, Yuba E, Kamba T, Eto M, Nakayama H, Nishimura Y. Bladder cancer-associated cancer-testis antigen-derived long peptides encompassing both CTL and promiscuous HLA class II-restricted Th cell epitopes induced CD4 + T cells expressing converged T-cell receptor genes in vitro. Oncoimmunology 2018; 7:e1415687. [PMID: 29632734 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2017.1415687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2017] [Revised: 12/02/2017] [Accepted: 12/04/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
DEP domain containing 1 (DEPDC1) and M-phase phosphoprotein 1 (MPHOSPH1) are human cancer testis antigens that are frequently overexpressed in urinary bladder cancer. In a phase I/II clinical trial, a DEPDC1- and MPHOSPH1-derived short peptide vaccine demonstrated promising efficacy in preventing bladder cancer recurrence. Here, we aimed to identify long peptides (LPs) derived from DEPDC1 and MPHOSPH1 that induced both T-helper (Th) cells and tumor-reactive cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs). Stimulation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from healthy donors with the synthetic DEPDC1- and MPHOSPH1-LPs predicted to bind to promiscuous human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class II molecules by a computer algorithm induced specific CD4+ T cells as revealed by interferon-γ enzyme-linked immunospot assays. Three of six LPs encompassed HLA-A2- or -A24-restricted CTL epitopes or both, and all six LPs stimulated DEPDC1- or MPHOSPH1-specific Th cells restricted by promiscuous and frequently observed HLA class II molecules in the Japanese population. Some LPs are naturally processed from the proteins in DCs, and the capacity of these LPs to cross-prime CTLs was confirmed in vivo using HLA-A2 or -A24 transgenic mice. The LP-specific and HLA class II-restricted T-cell responses were also observed in PBMCs from patients with bladder cancer. Repeated stimulation of PBMCs with DEPDC1-LPs and MPHOSPH1-LPs yielded clonal Th cells expressing specific T-cell receptor (TCR)-α and β genes. These DEPDC1- or MPHOSPH1-derived LPs may have applications in immunotherapy in patients with bladder cancer, and the TCR genes identified may be useful for monitoring of Th cells specific to LPs in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miki Tsuruta
- Department of Immunogenetics, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Honjo, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, Japan.,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Honjo, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Shohei Ueda
- Department of Immunogenetics, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Honjo, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, Japan.,Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Poh Yin Yew
- Tumor Immunoanalysis Department, OncoTherapy Science, Inc., Sakado, Takatsu-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Isao Fukuda
- Tumor Immunoanalysis Department, OncoTherapy Science, Inc., Sakado, Takatsu-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Sachiko Yoshimura
- Tumor Immunoanalysis Department, OncoTherapy Science, Inc., Sakado, Takatsu-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Kishi
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences (Medicine), University of Toyama, Sugitani, Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Hamana
- Department of Innovative Cancer Immunotherapy, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Sugitani, Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Masatoshi Hirayama
- Department of Immunogenetics, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Honjo, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, Japan.,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Honjo, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Junji Yatsuda
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Honjo, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Atsushi Irie
- Department of Immunogenetics, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Honjo, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Satoru Senju
- Department of Immunogenetics, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Honjo, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Eiji Yuba
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka Prefecture University, Gakuen-cho, Naka-ku, Sakai, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tomomi Kamba
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Honjo, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Masatoshi Eto
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, Japan.,Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Honjo, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Hideki Nakayama
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Honjo, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Yasuharu Nishimura
- Department of Immunogenetics, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Honjo, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, Japan.,Nishimura Project Laboratory, Center for Resource Development and Analysis, Kumamoto University, Honjo, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, Japan
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Vaccination with a ΔnorD ΔznuA Brucella abortus mutant confers potent protection against virulent challenge. Vaccine 2016; 34:5290-5297. [PMID: 27639282 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2016.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2016] [Revised: 09/01/2016] [Accepted: 09/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
There remains a need for an improved livestock vaccine for brucellosis since conventional vaccines are only ∼70% efficacious, making some vaccinated animals susceptible to Brucella infections. To address this void, a vaccine capable of evoking protective immunity, while still being sufficiently attenuated to produce minimal disease, is sought. In this pursuit, the ΔnorD ΔznuA B. abortus-lacZ (termed as znBAZ) was developed to be devoid of functional norD and znuA B. abortus genes, and to contain the lacZ as a marker gene. The results show that znBAZ is highly attenuated in mouse and human macrophages, and completely cleared from mouse spleens within eight weeks post-vaccination. Producing less splenic inflammation, znBAZ is significantly more protective than the conventional RB51 vaccine by more than four orders of magnitude. Vaccination with znBAZ elicits elevated numbers of IFN-γ+, TNF-α+, and polyfunctional IFN-γ+ TNF-α+ CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in contrast to RB51-vaccinated mice, which show reduced numbers of proinflammatory cytokine-producing T cells. These results demonstrate that znBAZ is a highly efficacious vaccine candidate capable of eliciting diverse T cell subsets that confer protection against parenteral challenge with virulent, wild-type B. abortus.
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E Silva RDF, Ferreira LFGR, Hernandes MZ, de Brito MEF, de Oliveira BC, da Silva AA, de-Melo-Neto OP, Rezende AM, Pereira VRA. Combination of In Silico Methods in the Search for Potential CD4(+) and CD8(+) T Cell Epitopes in the Proteome of Leishmania braziliensis. Front Immunol 2016; 7:327. [PMID: 27621732 PMCID: PMC5002431 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2016.00327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2016] [Accepted: 08/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The leishmaniases are neglected tropical diseases widespread throughout the globe, which are caused by protozoans from the genus Leishmania and are transmitted by infected phlebotomine flies. The development of a safe and effective vaccine against these diseases has been seen as the best alternative to control and reduce the number of cases. To support vaccine development, this work has applied an in silico approach to search for high potential peptide epitopes able to bind to different major histocompatibility complex Class I and Class II (MHC I and MHC II) molecules from different human populations. First, the predicted proteome of Leishmania braziliensis was compared and analyzed by modern linear programs to find epitopes with the capacity to trigger an immune response. This approach resulted in thousands of epitopes derived from 8,000 proteins conserved among different Leishmania species. Epitopes from proteins similar to those found in host species were excluded, and epitopes from proteins conserved between different Leishmania species and belonging to surface proteins were preferentially selected. The resulting epitopes were then clustered, to avoid redundancies, resulting in a total of 230 individual epitopes for MHC I and 2,319 for MHC II. These were used for molecular modeling and docking with MHC structures retrieved from the Protein Data Bank. Molecular docking then ranked epitopes based on their predicted binding affinity to both MHC I and II. Peptides corresponding to the top 10 ranked epitopes were synthesized and evaluated in vitro for their capacity to stimulate peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from post-treated cutaneous leishmaniasis patients, with PBMC from healthy donors used as control. From the 10 peptides tested, 50% showed to be immunogenic and capable to stimulate the proliferation of lymphocytes from recovered individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael de Freitas E Silva
- Department of Natural Sciences, Universidade de Pernambuco, Garanhuns, Pernambuco, Brazil; Department of Immunology, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | | | - Marcelo Zaldini Hernandes
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco , Recife, Pernambuco , Brazil
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Abstract
Cutaneous leishmaniasis is a major public health problem and causes a range of diseases from self-healing infections to chronic disfiguring disease. Currently, there is no vaccine for leishmaniasis, and drug therapy is often ineffective. Since the discovery of CD4(+) T helper 1 (TH1) cells and TH2 cells 30 years ago, studies of cutaneous leishmaniasis in mice have answered basic immunological questions concerning the development and maintenance of CD4(+) T cell subsets. However, new strategies for controlling the human disease have not been forthcoming. Nevertheless, advances in our knowledge of the cells that participate in protection against Leishmania infection and the cells that mediate increased pathology have highlighted new approaches for vaccine development and immunotherapy. In this Review, we discuss the early events associated with infection, the CD4(+) T cells that mediate protective immunity and the pathological role that CD8(+) T cells can have in cutaneous leishmaniasis.
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Glennie ND, Scott P. Memory T cells in cutaneous leishmaniasis. Cell Immunol 2016; 309:50-54. [PMID: 27493096 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2016.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2016] [Revised: 07/05/2016] [Accepted: 07/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Leishmania causes a spectrum of diseases that range from self-healing to fatal infections. Control of leishmania is dependent upon generating CD4+ Th1 cells that produce IFNγ, leading to macrophage activation and killing of the intracellular parasites. Following resolution of the disease, short-lived effector T cells, as well as long-lived central memory T cells and skin resident memory T cells, are retained and able to mediate immunity to a secondary infection. However, there is no vaccine for leishmaniasis, and the drugs used to treat the disease can be toxic and ineffective. While a live infection generates immunity, a successful vaccine will depend upon generating memory T cells that can be maintained without the continued presence of parasites. Since both central memory and skin resident memory T cells are long-lived, they may be the appropriate targets for a leishmaniasis vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nelson D Glennie
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Phillip Scott
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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