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Lampe H, Tam L, Hansen AR. Bi-specific T-cell engagers (BiTEs) in prostate cancer and strategies to enhance development: hope for a BiTE-r future. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1399802. [PMID: 38873417 PMCID: PMC11169794 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1399802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Metastatic castrate resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) continues to have poor survival rates due to limited treatment options. Bi-specific T cell engagers (BiTEs) are a promising class of novel immunotherapies with demonstrated success in haematological malignancies and melanoma. BiTEs developed for tumour associated antigens in prostate cancer have entered clinical testing. These trials have been hampered by high rates of treatment related adverse events, minimal or transient anti-tumour efficacy and generation of high titres of anti-drug antibodies. This paper aims to analyse the challenges faced by the different BiTE therapy constructs and the mCRPC tumour microenvironment that result in therapeutic resistance and identify possible strategies to overcome these issues.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Aaron R. Hansen
- Department of Medical Oncology, Division of Cancer Care Services, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Metro South Health Service, Queensland Health, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
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2
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Zhao J, Wang Q, Tan AF, Loh CJL, Toh HC. Sex differences in cancer and immunotherapy outcomes: the role of androgen receptor. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1416941. [PMID: 38863718 PMCID: PMC11165033 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1416941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Across the wide range of clinical conditions, there exists a sex imbalance where biological females are more prone to autoimmune diseases and males to some cancers. These discrepancies are the combinatory consequence of lifestyle and environmental factors such as smoking, alcohol consumption, obesity, and oncogenic viruses, as well as other intrinsic biological traits including sex chromosomes and sex hormones. While the emergence of immuno-oncology (I/O) has revolutionised cancer care, the efficacy across multiple cancers may be limited because of a complex, dynamic interplay between the tumour and its microenvironment (TME). Indeed, sex and gender can also influence the varying effectiveness of I/O. Androgen receptor (AR) plays an important role in tumorigenesis and in shaping the TME. Here, we lay out the epidemiological context of sex disparity in cancer and then review the current literature on how AR signalling contributes to such observation via altered tumour development and immunology. We offer insights into AR-mediated immunosuppressive mechanisms, with the hope of translating preclinical and clinical evidence in gender oncology into improved outcomes in personalised, I/O-based cancer care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junzhe Zhao
- Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
- Division of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Qian Wang
- Division of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Medical Oncology Cancer Hospital of China Medical University/Liaoning Cancer Hospital & Institute, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | | | - Celestine Jia Ling Loh
- Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
- Sengkang General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Han Chong Toh
- Division of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
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3
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Tang L, Yang X, Zhou M, Feng L, Ji C, Liang J, Zhang B, Shen R, Wang L. Inhibition of inosine metabolism of the gut microbiota decreases testosterone secretion in the testis. mSystems 2024; 9:e0013824. [PMID: 38470251 PMCID: PMC11019917 DOI: 10.1128/msystems.00138-24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Growing evidence indicates that gut microbiota is involved in the regulation of the host's sex hormone levels, such as through interfering with the sex hormone metabolism in the intestine. However, if gut microbiota or its metabolites directly influence the sex hormone biosynthesis in the gonad remains largely unknown. Our previous study showed that colistin, as a narrow-spectrum antibiotic, can significantly downregulate the serum testosterone levels and thus enhance the antitumor efficiency of anti-PD-L1 in male mice; however, the underlying mechanism for the regulation of the host's testosterone levels remains uninvestigated. In the present study, we analyzed the impact of colistin on the immune microenvironment of the testis as well as the composition and metabolism of gut microbiota in male mice. Our results showed that colistin has an impact on the immune microenvironment of the testis and can downregulate serum testosterone levels in male mice through inhibition of Akkermansia, leading to destroyed inosine metabolism. Supplement with inosine can restore testosterone secretion probably by prompting the recovery of the intestinal mucus barrier and the serum lipopolysaccharides levels. All these findings reveal a new pathway for the regulation of the host's sex hormone levels by gut microbiota.IMPORTANCEThis study demonstrates that exposure to even narrow-spectrum antibiotics may affect the host's testosterone levels by altering the gut microbiota and its metabolites. Our findings provide evidence that some specific gut bacteria have an impact on the sex hormone biosynthesis in the testis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Tang
- Department of Special Medicine, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xizhong Yang
- Department of Spine Surgery, Qingdao Haici Medical Group, Qingdao, China
| | - Mengting Zhou
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Lingxin Feng
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Cuijie Ji
- Department of Spine Surgery, Qingdao Haici Medical Group, Qingdao, China
| | - Jie Liang
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Bei Zhang
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Ruowu Shen
- Department of Special Medicine, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Luoyang Wang
- Department of Spine Surgery, Qingdao Haici Medical Group, Qingdao, China
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
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4
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Hoffmann JP, Liu JA, Seddu K, Klein SL. Sex hormone signaling and regulation of immune function. Immunity 2023; 56:2472-2491. [PMID: 37967530 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2023.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023]
Abstract
Immune responses to antigens, including innocuous, self, tumor, microbial, and vaccine antigens, differ between males and females. The quest to uncover the mechanisms for biological sex differences in the immune system has intensified, with considerable literature pointing toward sex hormonal influences on immune cell function. Sex steroids, including estrogens, androgens, and progestins, have profound effects on immune function. As such, drastic changes in sex steroid concentrations that occur with aging (e.g., after puberty or during the menopause transition) or pregnancy impact immune responses and the pathogenesis of immune-related diseases. The effect of sex steroids on immunity involves both the concentration of the ligand and the density and distribution of genomic and nongenomic receptors that serve as transcriptional regulators of immune cellular responses to affect autoimmunity, allergy, infectious diseases, cancers, and responses to vaccines. The next frontier will be harnessing these effects of sex steroids to improve therapeutic outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph P Hoffmann
- W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Jennifer A Liu
- W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Kumba Seddu
- W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Sabra L Klein
- W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
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5
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Hawley JE, Obradovic AZ, Dallos MC, Lim EA, Runcie K, Ager CR, McKiernan J, Anderson CB, Decastro GJ, Weintraub J, Virk R, Lowy I, Hu J, Chaimowitz MG, Guo XV, Zhang Y, Haffner MC, Worley J, Stein MN, Califano A, Drake CG. Anti-PD-1 immunotherapy with androgen deprivation therapy induces robust immune infiltration in metastatic castration-sensitive prostate cancer. Cancer Cell 2023; 41:1972-1988.e5. [PMID: 37922910 PMCID: PMC11184948 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccell.2023.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Revised: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
When compared to other malignancies, the tumor microenvironment (TME) of primary and castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) is relatively devoid of immune infiltrates. While androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) induces a complex immune infiltrate in localized prostate cancer, the composition of the TME in metastatic castration-sensitive prostate cancer (mCSPC), and the effects of ADT and other treatments in this context are poorly understood. Here, we perform a comprehensive single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) profiling of metastatic sites from patients participating in a phase 2 clinical trial (NCT03951831) that evaluated standard-of-care chemo-hormonal therapy combined with anti-PD-1 immunotherapy. We perform a longitudinal, protein activity-based analysis of TME subpopulations, revealing immune subpopulations conserved across multiple metastatic sites. We also observe dynamic changes in these immune subpopulations in response to treatment and a correlation with clinical outcomes. Our study uncovers a therapy-resistant, transcriptionally distinct tumor subpopulation that expands in cell number in treatment-refractory patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica E Hawley
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Aleksandar Z Obradovic
- Columbia Center for Translational Immunology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA; Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Matthew C Dallos
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Emerson A Lim
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Karie Runcie
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Casey R Ager
- Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - James McKiernan
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA; Department of Urology, Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Christopher B Anderson
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA; Department of Urology, Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Guarionex J Decastro
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA; Department of Urology, Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Joshua Weintraub
- Department of Interventional Radiology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Renu Virk
- Department of Pathology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Israel Lowy
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Tarrytown, NY, USA
| | - Jianhua Hu
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA; Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Matthew G Chaimowitz
- Columbia Center for Translational Immunology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Xinzheng V Guo
- Columbia Center for Translational Immunology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ya Zhang
- Columbia Center for Translational Immunology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Michael C Haffner
- Division of Human Biology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, USA; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA; Division of Clinical Research, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Jeremy Worley
- Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Mark N Stein
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA; Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Andrea Califano
- Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA; Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA; Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biophysics, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032 USA; Department of Biomedical Informatics, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032 USA; Department of Medicine, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032 USA; J.P. Sulzberger Columbia Genome Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032 USA.
| | - Charles G Drake
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA; Columbia Center for Translational Immunology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA; Department of Interventional Radiology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.
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6
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Conteduca V, Brighi N, Schepisi G, De Giorgi U. Immunogenomic profiles associated with response to life-prolonging agents in prostate cancer. Br J Cancer 2023; 129:1050-1060. [PMID: 37443349 PMCID: PMC10539309 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-023-02354-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Revised: 06/18/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer is the most commonly diagnosed cancer but the management of advanced prostate cancer remains a therapeutic challenge, despite the survival benefits imparted by several therapeutic discoveries targeting different molecular pathways. The mechanisms of resistance to androgen deprivation and tumour progression to lethal metastatic variants are often regulated by androgen receptor (AR) bypass mechanisms and/or neuroendocrine differentiation. Moreover, recent data also suggested the involvement of adaptive and innate infiltrated immune cells in prostate tumour progression. Improvements in cancer genome analyses contributed to a better understanding of antitumour immunity and provided solutions for targeting highly cancer-specific neoantigens generated from somatic mutations in individual patients. In this review, we investigated the current knowledge on the interplay between cancer development and the complex mechanisms of immune regulation. Particularly, we focused on the role of tumour immune microenvironment, generally characterised by strong barriers for immunotherapy, and we discuss the rationale for the potential application of single agent and combination immune-targeting strategies that could lead to improved outcomes. Careful selection based on clinical and genomic factors may allow identification of patients who could benefit from this treatment approach in multiple settings (from localised to advanced prostate tumour) and in different histological subtypes (from adenocarcinoma to neuroendocrine prostate cancer).
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincenza Conteduca
- Unit of Medical Oncology and Biomolecular Therapy, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, Policlinico Riuniti, 71122, Foggia, Italy.
| | - Nicole Brighi
- IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori (IRST) "Dino Amadori", 47014, Meldola, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Schepisi
- IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori (IRST) "Dino Amadori", 47014, Meldola, Italy
| | - Ugo De Giorgi
- IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori (IRST) "Dino Amadori", 47014, Meldola, Italy
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7
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Pungsrinont T, Schneider MA, Baniahmad A. Androgen receptor agonist and antagonist reduce response of cytokine-induced killer cells on prostate cancer cells. J Cell Mol Med 2023; 27:2970-2982. [PMID: 37639523 PMCID: PMC10538273 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.17923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite many advances, prostate cancer (PCa) is still the second most frequently diagnosed cancer and fifth leading cause of cancer death in men worldwide. So far, the promising field of onco-immunology has not yet provided a satisfactory treatment option for PCa. Here we show that the ex vivo expansion and activation of cytokine-induced killer (CIK) cells isolated from primary peripheral blood mononuclear cells induce immune-mediated apoptosis in both human PCa LNCaP and C4-2 cells. Interestingly, pretreating LNCaP and C4-2 cells with either androgen or the androgen receptor (AR) antagonist enzalutamide mediates resistance to this immunogenic attack. This is associated with a reduction of both total cell loss and apoptosis levels suggesting one possible mechanism blunting onco-immunological activity. The data also suggest that secreted factors from AR ligand-treated PCa cell suppress lymphocyte proliferation. Further, we analysed immune-mediated killing activity using conditioned media from LNCaP and C4-2 treated cells. The obtained data suggest that the conditioned media from PCa treated cells does not influence a measurable lymphocyte-mediated apoptosis. However, analysing clonal expansion of activated lymphocytes, the androgen-derived conditioned media suppresses lymphocyte proliferation/expansion suggesting inhibition of onco-immunological activity by pretreatment of PCa cells with AR ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thanakorn Pungsrinont
- Institute of Human Genetics, Jena University HospitalFriedrich Schiller UniversityJenaGermany
| | - Margret Ann Schneider
- Institute of Human Genetics, Jena University HospitalFriedrich Schiller UniversityJenaGermany
| | - Aria Baniahmad
- Institute of Human Genetics, Jena University HospitalFriedrich Schiller UniversityJenaGermany
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8
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Meng L, Yang Y, Mortazavi A, Zhang J. Emerging Immunotherapy Approaches for Treating Prostate Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14347. [PMID: 37762648 PMCID: PMC10531627 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241814347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 09/16/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapy has emerged as an important approach for cancer treatment, but its clinical efficacy has been limited in prostate cancer compared to other malignancies. This review summarizes key immunotherapy strategies under evaluation for prostate cancer, including immune checkpoint inhibitors, bispecific T cell-engaging antibodies, chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells, therapeutic vaccines, and cytokines. For each modality, the rationale stemming from preclinical studies is discussed along with outcomes from completed clinical trials and strategies to improve clinical efficacy that are being tested in ongoing clinical trials. Imperative endeavors include biomarker discovery for patient selection, deciphering resistance mechanisms, refining cellular therapies such as CAR T cells, and early-stage intervention were reviewed. These ongoing efforts instill optimism that immunotherapy may eventually deliver significant clinical benefits and expand treatment options for patients with advanced prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingbin Meng
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; (L.M.); (Y.Y.); (A.M.)
| | - Yuanquan Yang
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; (L.M.); (Y.Y.); (A.M.)
| | - Amir Mortazavi
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; (L.M.); (Y.Y.); (A.M.)
| | - Jingsong Zhang
- Department of Genitourinary Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, University of South Florida, 12902 USF Magnolia Drive, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
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9
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Antonarakis ES, Subudhi SK, Pieczonka CM, Karsh LI, Quinn DI, Hafron JM, Wilfehrt HM, Harmon M, Sheikh NA, Shore ND, Petrylak DP. Combination Treatment with Sipuleucel-T and Abiraterone Acetate or Enzalutamide for Metastatic Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer: STAMP and STRIDE Trials. Clin Cancer Res 2023; 29:2426-2434. [PMID: 37058234 PMCID: PMC10320463 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-22-3832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 04/15/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE We present long-term outcomes from 2 randomized studies [STAMP (with abiraterone, NCT01487863) and STRIDE (with enzalutamide, NCT01981122)] that were performed to study the impact of sequential or concurrent administration of androgen receptor-targeting agents (ARTAs) on sipuleucel-T immune response and overall survival (OS) in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC). PATIENTS AND METHODS Sipuleucel-T was administered per current prescribing information. Results from STRIDE are presented together with updated STAMP results. Survival status of patients was updated using demographic information to query the National Death Index (NDI). Kaplan-Meier methodology was used to analyze survival. RESULTS Updated data reduced patient censoring in each study compared with the original analyses; the 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for OS are now estimable. Updated median OS (95% CI) is 33.3 (24.1-40.7) months for STAMP and 32.5 (26.0-45.1) months for STRIDE. There was no notable impact on median OS [HR, 0.727 (0.458-1.155); P = 0.177, reference = STRIDE]. OS with sequential administration was similar to concurrent administration [NDI update: HR, 0.963 (0.639-1.453); P = 0.845, reference = concurrent arm]. Sipuleucel-T potency, measured as antigen-presenting cell (APC) activation, was higher in subsequent infusions compared with the first infusion. Humoral responses (IgG + IgM antibody titers) to PA2024 and prostatic acid phosphatase were significantly elevated versus baseline. No new safety signals were observed. CONCLUSIONS Median OS was consistent regardless of whether the agents were administered sequentially or concurrently, including after NDI update. Results suggest that sipuleucel-T induces an immunologic prime-boost effect after initial sipuleucel-T exposure, even when combined with ARTAs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sumit K. Subudhi
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson, Houston, Texas
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Neal D. Shore
- Urologic Oncology, Carolina Urologic Research Center, Myrtle Beach South, Carolina
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10
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Congregado Ruiz B, Rivero Belenchón I, Lendínez Cano G, Medina López RA. Strategies to Re-Sensitize Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer to Antiandrogen Therapy. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11041105. [PMID: 37189723 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11041105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Revised: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Since prostate cancer (PCa) was described as androgen-dependent, the androgen receptor (AR) has become the mainstay of its systemic treatment: androgen deprivation therapy (ADT). Although, through recent years, more potent drugs have been incorporated, this chronic AR signaling inhibition inevitably led the tumor to an incurable phase of castration resistance. However, in the castration-resistant status, PCa cells remain highly dependent on the AR signaling axis, and proof of it is that many men with castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) still respond to newer-generation AR signaling inhibitors (ARSis). Nevertheless, this response is limited in time, and soon, the tumor develops adaptive mechanisms that make it again nonresponsive to these treatments. For this reason, researchers are focused on searching for new alternatives to control these nonresponsive tumors, such as: (1) drugs with a different mechanism of action, (2) combination therapies to boost synergies, and (3) agents or strategies to resensitize tumors to previously addressed targets. Taking advantage of the wide variety of mechanisms that promote persistent or reactivated AR signaling in CRPC, many drugs explore this last interesting behavior. In this article, we will review those strategies and drugs that are able to resensitize cancer cells to previously used treatments through the use of "hinge" treatments with the objective of obtaining an oncological benefit. Some examples are: bipolar androgen therapy (BAT) and drugs such as indomethacin, niclosamide, lapatinib, panobinostat, clomipramine, metformin, and antisense oligonucleotides. All of them have shown, in addition to an inhibitory effect on PCa, the rewarding ability to overcome acquired resistance to antiandrogenic agents in CRPC, resensitizing the tumor cells to previously used ARSis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Belén Congregado Ruiz
- Urology and Nephrology Department, Biomedical Institute of Seville (IBIS), University Hospital Virgen del Rocío, 41013 Seville, Spain
| | - Inés Rivero Belenchón
- Urology and Nephrology Department, Biomedical Institute of Seville (IBIS), University Hospital Virgen del Rocío, 41013 Seville, Spain
| | - Guillermo Lendínez Cano
- Urology and Nephrology Department, Biomedical Institute of Seville (IBIS), University Hospital Virgen del Rocío, 41013 Seville, Spain
| | - Rafael Antonio Medina López
- Urology and Nephrology Department, Biomedical Institute of Seville (IBIS), University Hospital Virgen del Rocío, 41013 Seville, Spain
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11
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Zhang X, Cheng L, Gao C, Chen J, Liao S, Zheng Y, Xu L, He J, Wang D, Fang Z, Zhang J, Yan M, Luan Y, Chen S, Chen L, Xia X, Deng C, Chen G, Li W, Liu Z, Zhou P. Androgen Signaling Contributes to Sex Differences in Cancer by Inhibiting NF-κB Activation in T Cells and Suppressing Antitumor Immunity. Cancer Res 2023; 83:906-921. [PMID: 36634207 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-22-2405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2022] [Revised: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Sex is known to be an important factor in the incidence, progression, and outcome of cancer. A better understanding of the underlying mechanisms could help improve cancer prevention and treatment. Here, we demonstrated a crucial role of antitumor immunity in the sex differences in cancer. Consistent with observations in human cancers, male mice showed accelerated tumor progression compared with females, but these differences were not observed in immunodeficient mice. Androgen signaling suppressed T-cell immunity against cancer in males. Mechanistically, androgen-activated androgen receptor upregulated expression of USP18, which inhibited TAK1 phosphorylation and the subsequent activation of NF-κB in antitumor T cells. Reduction of testosterone synthesis by surgical castration or using the small-molecular inhibitor abiraterone significantly enhanced the antitumor activity of T cells in male mice and improved the efficacy of anti-PD-1 immunotherapy. Together, this study revealed a novel mechanism contributing to sex differences in cancer. These results indicate that inhibition of androgen signaling is a promising approach to improve the efficacy of immunotherapy in males. SIGNIFICANCE Androgen signaling induces immunosuppression in cancer by blocking T-cell activity through upregulation of USP18 and subsequent inhibition of NF-κB activity, providing a targetable axis to improve antitumor immunity in males.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Limin Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chengqi Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jing Chen
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shuangye Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yongqiang Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Liping Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jingjing He
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Danyang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ziqian Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianeng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Min Yan
- Department of Pathology, The first Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yi Luan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Siyu Chen
- Guangdong Laboratory Animals Monitoring Institute, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Laboratory Animals, Guangzhou, China
| | - Likun Chen
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaojun Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chunhao Deng
- Centre of Reproduction, Development and Aging, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau SAR, China
| | - Guokai Chen
- Centre of Reproduction, Development and Aging, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau SAR, China
| | - Wende Li
- Guangdong Laboratory Animals Monitoring Institute, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Laboratory Animals, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zexian Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Penghui Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
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12
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Hargrove-Wiley E, Fingleton B. Sex Hormones in Breast Cancer Immunity. Cancer Res 2023; 83:12-19. [PMID: 36279153 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-22-1829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Revised: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Sex hormones, such as estrogens and androgens, regulate genomic and cellular processes that contribute to sex-specific disparities in the pathophysiology of various cancers. Sex hormones can modulate the immune signals and activities of tumor cells and tumor-associated leukocytes to support or suppress cancer progression. Therefore, hormonal differences between males and females play a crucial role in cancer immunity and in the response to therapies that exploit the intrinsic immune system to eliminate malignant cells. In this review, we summarize the impact of sex hormones in the breast cancer microenvironment, with a focus on how the hormonal environment affects tumor immunity. We also discuss the potential benefits of endocrine therapy used in combination with immunotherapy to strengthen the antitumor immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ebony Hargrove-Wiley
- Program in Cancer Biology, Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Barbara Fingleton
- Program in Cancer Biology, Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
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13
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Wang L, Tang L, Zhai D, Song M, Li W, Xu S, Jiang S, Meng H, Liang J, Wang Y, Zhang B. The role of the sex hormone-gut microbiome axis in tumor immunotherapy. Gut Microbes 2023; 15:2185035. [PMID: 36880651 PMCID: PMC10012946 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2023.2185035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Accumulating evidence suggested that both gut microbiome and sex play a critical role in the efficacy of immune checkpoint blockade therapy. Considering the reciprocal relationship between sex hormones and gut microbiome, the sex hormone-gut microbiome axis may participate in the regulation of the response to immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). In this review, it was attempted to summarize the current knowledge about the influences of both sex and gut microbiome on the antitumor efficacy of ICIs and describe the interaction between sex hormones and gut microbiome. Accordingly, this review discussed the potential of enhancing the antitumor efficacy of ICIs through regulating the levels of sex hormones through manipulation of gut microbiome. Collectively, this review provided reliable evidence concerning the role of the sex hormone-gut microbiome axis in tumor immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luoyang Wang
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Lei Tang
- Department of Special Medicine, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Dongchang Zhai
- Department of Special Medicine, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Meiying Song
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Shuo Xu
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Suli Jiang
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Haining Meng
- School of Emergency Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Jie Liang
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yingying Wang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Cell and Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Bei Zhang
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
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14
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Liang H, Liu Y, Guo J, Dou M, Zhang X, Hu L, Chen J. Progression in immunotherapy for advanced prostate cancer. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1126752. [PMID: 36925917 PMCID: PMC10011447 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1126752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer is one of the most common malignant cancers of the male genitourinary system and has high morbidity and mortality. Currently, treatment modalities for localized prostate cancer focus mainly on radical prostatectomy or radical radiation therapy. Some patients still experience disease recurrence or progression after these treatments, while others are already at an advanced stage or have metastases at the time of diagnosis. With the continuous development and progress of medicine in recent years, immunotherapy has become a revolutionary cancer treatment, and has achieved remarkable accomplishments in the treatment of hematologic malignancies. A variety of immunotherapies have also appeared in the field of advanced prostate cancer treatment, including therapeutic vaccines and immune checkpoint therapies. Despite the discrepancy between the results of some immunotherapy studies, immunotherapy for prostate cancer has shown some initial success, especially in combination immunotherapies. Currently, immunotherapy is mainly used in advanced prostate cancer, especially in patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer. However, with the development of more clinical trials of immunotherapy, more evidence will be provided supporting the rational application of immunotherapy in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Liang
- Department of Urology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Urology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China.,Department of Urology, Weifang People's Hospital, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, China
| | - Jiao Guo
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical sciences, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, China
| | - Maoyang Dou
- Department of Urology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Xiaoyi Zhang
- Department of Urology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Liyong Hu
- Department of Urology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Jun Chen
- Department of Urology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China.,Department of Urology, Weifang People's Hospital, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, China.,Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical sciences, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, China
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15
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High dose androgen suppresses natural killer cytotoxicity of castration-resistant prostate cancer cells via altering AR/circFKBP5/miRNA-513a-5p/PD-L1 signals. Cell Death Dis 2022; 13:746. [PMID: 36038573 PMCID: PMC9424293 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-022-04956-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2022] [Revised: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Most advanced prostate cancer (PCa) patients initially respond well to androgen deprivation therapy, but almost all eventually develop castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). Early studies indicated the bipolar androgen therapy via a cycling of high dose and low dose of androgen to suppress PCa growth might be effective in a select patient population. The detailed mechanisms, however, remain unclear. Here we found the capacity of natural killer (NK) cells to suppress the CRPC cells could be suppressed by a high dose of dihydrotestosterone (DHT). Mechanism dissection indicates that transactivated AR can increase circularRNA-FKBP5 (circFKBP5) expression, which could sponge/inhibit miR-513a-5p that suppresses the PD-L1 expression via direct binding to its 3'UTR to negatively impact immune surveillance from NK cells. Preclinical data from in vitro cell lines and an in vivo mouse model indicate that targeting PD-L1 with sh-RNA or anti-PD-L1 antibody can enhance the high dose DHT effect to better suppress CRPC cell growth. These findings may help us to develop novel therapies via combination of high dose androgen with PD-1/PD-L1 checkpoint inhibitors to better suppress CRPC progression.
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16
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Ma Z, Zhang W, Dong B, Xin Z, Ji Y, Su R, Shen K, Pan J, Wang Q, Xue W. Docetaxel remodels prostate cancer immune microenvironment and enhances checkpoint inhibitor-based immunotherapy. Theranostics 2022; 12:4965-4979. [PMID: 35836810 PMCID: PMC9274752 DOI: 10.7150/thno.73152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Prostate cancer is usually considered as immune "cold" tumor with poor immunogenic response and low density of tumor-infiltrating immune cells, highlighting the need to explore clinically actionable strategies to sensitize prostate cancer to immunotherapy. In this study, we investigated whether docetaxel-based chemohormonal therapy induces immunologic changes and potentiates checkpoint blockade immunotherapy in prostate cancer. Methods: We performed transcriptome and histopathology analysis to characterize the changes of prostate cancer immune microenvironment before and after docetaxel-based chemohormonal therapy. Furthermore, we investigated the therapeutic benefits and underlying mechanisms of chemohormonal therapy combined with anti-PD1 blockade using cellular experiments and xenograft prostate cancer models. Finally, we performed a retrospective cohort analysis to evaluate the antitumor efficacy of anti-PD1 blockade alone or in combination with docetaxel-based chemotherapy. Results: Histopathology assessments on patient samples confirmed the enrichment of tumor-infiltrating T cells after chemohormonal therapy. Moreover, we found that docetaxel activated the cGAS/STING pathway in prostate cancer, subsequently induced IFN signaling, resulting in lymphocytes infiltration. In a xenograft mouse model, docetaxel-based chemohormonal therapy prompted the intratumoral infiltration of T cells and upregulated the abundance of PD1 and PD-L1, thereby sensitizing mouse tumors to the anti-PD1 blockade. To determine the clinical significance of these results, we retrospectively analyzed a cohort of 30 metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer patients and found that docetaxel combined with anti-PD1 blockade resulted in better prostate-specific antigen progression-free survival when compared with anti-PD1 blockade alone. Conclusions: Our study demonstrates that docetaxel activates the antitumoral immune response and facilitates T cell infiltration in a cGAS/STING-dependent manner, providing a combination immunotherapy strategy that would improve the clinical benefits of immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zehua Ma
- Department of Urology, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200120, China
| | - Weiwei Zhang
- Department of Urology, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200120, China
| | - Baijun Dong
- Department of Urology, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200120, China
| | - Zhixiang Xin
- Department of Urology, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200120, China
| | - Yiyi Ji
- Department of Urology, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200120, China
| | - Ruopeng Su
- Department of Urology, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200120, China
| | - Kai Shen
- Department of Urology, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200120, China
| | - Jiahua Pan
- Department of Urology, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200120, China.,✉ Corresponding authors: Qi Wang, Department of Urology, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200120, China; Phone: 86-21-63846590; Fax: 86-21-58394262; E-mail: . Jiahua Pan, Department of Urology, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200120, China; Phone: 86-21-63846590; Fax: 86-21-58394262; E-mail: . Wei Xue, Department of Urology, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200120, China; Phone: 86-21-63846590; Fax: 86-21-58394262; E-mail:
| | - Qi Wang
- Department of Urology, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200120, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory for Tumor Microenvironment and Inflammation, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200120, China.,✉ Corresponding authors: Qi Wang, Department of Urology, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200120, China; Phone: 86-21-63846590; Fax: 86-21-58394262; E-mail: . Jiahua Pan, Department of Urology, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200120, China; Phone: 86-21-63846590; Fax: 86-21-58394262; E-mail: . Wei Xue, Department of Urology, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200120, China; Phone: 86-21-63846590; Fax: 86-21-58394262; E-mail:
| | - Wei Xue
- Department of Urology, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200120, China.,✉ Corresponding authors: Qi Wang, Department of Urology, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200120, China; Phone: 86-21-63846590; Fax: 86-21-58394262; E-mail: . Jiahua Pan, Department of Urology, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200120, China; Phone: 86-21-63846590; Fax: 86-21-58394262; E-mail: . Wei Xue, Department of Urology, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200120, China; Phone: 86-21-63846590; Fax: 86-21-58394262; E-mail:
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17
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Ellingsen EB, Aamdal E, Guren T, Lilleby W, Brunsvig PF, Mangsbo SM, Aamdal S, Hovig E, Mensali N, Gaudernack G, Inderberg EM. Durable and dynamic hTERT immune responses following vaccination with the long-peptide cancer vaccine UV1: long-term follow-up of three phase I clinical trials. J Immunother Cancer 2022; 10:e004345. [PMID: 35613827 PMCID: PMC9134181 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2021-004345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Therapeutic cancer vaccines represent a promising approach to improve clinical outcomes with immune checkpoint inhibition. UV1 is a second generation telomerase-targeting therapeutic cancer vaccine being investigated across multiple indications. Although telomerase is a near-universal tumor target, different treatment combinations applied across indications may affect the induced immune response. Three phase I/IIa clinical trials covering malignant melanoma, non-small cell lung cancer, and prostate cancer have been completed, with patients in follow-up for up to 8 years. METHODS 52 patients were enrolled across the three trials. UV1 was given as monotherapy in the lung cancer trial and concurrent with combined androgen blockade in the prostate cancer trial. In the melanoma study, patients initiated ipilimumab treatment 1 week after the first vaccine dose. Patients were followed for UV1-specific immune responses at frequent intervals during vaccination, and every 6 months for up to 8 years in a follow-up period. Phenotypic and functional characterizations were performed on patient-derived vaccine-specific T cell responses. RESULTS In total, 78.4% of treated patients mounted a measurable vaccine-induced T cell response in blood. The immune responses in the malignant melanoma trial, where UV1 was combined with ipilimumab, occurred more rapidly and frequently than in the lung and prostate cancer trials. In several patients, immune responses peaked years after their last vaccination. An in-depth characterization of the immune responses revealed polyfunctional CD4+ T cells producing interferon-γ and tumor necrosis factor-α on interaction with their antigen. CONCLUSION Long-term immunomonitoring of patients showed highly dynamic and persistent telomerase peptide-specific immune responses lasting up to 7.5 years after the initial vaccination, suggesting a plausible functional role of these T cells in long-term survivors. The superior immune response kinetics observed in the melanoma study substantiate the rationale for future combinatorial treatment strategies with UV1 vaccination and checkpoint inhibition for rapid and frequent induction of anti-telomerase immune responses in patients with cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Espen Basmo Ellingsen
- Department of Tumor Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Ultimovacs ASA, Oslo, Norway
| | - Elin Aamdal
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Oncology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Oncology, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway
| | - Tormod Guren
- Department of Oncology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Paal F Brunsvig
- Department of Oncology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Sara M Mangsbo
- Department of Pharmacy, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Ultimovacs AB, Uppsala, Sweden
| | | | - Eivind Hovig
- Department of Tumor Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Centre for Bioinformatics, Department of Informatics, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Nadia Mensali
- Department of Cellular Therapy, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
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18
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Immunotherapy in Advanced Prostate Cancer-Light at the End of the Tunnel? Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23052569. [PMID: 35269712 PMCID: PMC8910587 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23052569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Revised: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapeutic treatment approaches are now an integral part of the treatment of many solid tumors. However, attempts to integrate immunotherapy into the treatment of prostate cancer have been disappointing so far. This is due to a highly immunosuppressive, “cold” tumor microenvironment, which is characterized, for example, by the absence of cytotoxic T cells, an increased number of myeloid-derived suppressor cells or regulatory T cells, a decreased number of tumor antigens, or a defect in antigen presentation. The consequence is a reduced efficacy of many established immunotherapeutic treatments such as checkpoint inhibitors. However, a growing understanding of the underlying mechanisms of tumor–immune system interactions raises hopes that immunotherapeutic strategies can be optimized in the future. The aim of this review is to provide an overview of the current status and future directions of immunotherapy development in prostate cancer. Background information on immune response and tumor microenvironment will help to better understand current therapeutic strategies under preclinical and clinical development.
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19
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Qi Z, Xu Z, Zhang L, Zou Y, Li J, Yan W, Li C, Liu N, Wu H. Overcoming resistance to immune checkpoint therapy in PTEN-null prostate cancer by intermittent anti-PI3Kα/β/δ treatment. Nat Commun 2022; 13:182. [PMID: 35013322 PMCID: PMC8748754 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-27833-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Combining immune checkpoint therapy (ICT) and targeted therapy holds great promises for broad and long-lasting anti-cancer therapies. However, combining ICT with anti-PI3K inhibitors have been challenging because the multifaceted effects of PI3K on both cancer cells and immune cells within the tumor microenvironment. Here we find that intermittent but not daily dosing of a PI3Kα/β/δ inhibitor, BAY1082439, on Pten-null prostate cancer models could overcome ICT resistance and unleash CD8+ T cell-dependent anti-tumor immunity in vivo. Mechanistically, BAY1082439 converts cancer cell-intrinsic immune-suppression to immune-stimulation by promoting IFNα/IFNγ pathway activation, β2-microglubin expression and CXCL10/CCL5 secretion. With its preferential regulatory T cell inhibition activity, BAY1082439 promotes clonal expansion of tumor-associated CD8+ T cells, most likely via tertiary lymphoid structures. Once primed, tumors remain T cell-inflamed, become responsive to anti-PD-1 therapy and have durable therapeutic effect. Our data suggest that intermittent PI3K inhibition can alleviate Pten-null cancer cell-intrinsic immunosuppressive activity and turn "cold" tumors into T cell-inflamed ones, paving the way for successful ICT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Qi
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China.,School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China.,Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Zihan Xu
- School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Liuzhen Zhang
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China.,School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China.,Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Yongkang Zou
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China.,School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China.,Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China.,Institute for Cancer Research, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen, 518107, China
| | - Jinping Li
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China.,School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China.,Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Wenyu Yan
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China.,School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China.,Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Cheng Li
- School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Ningshu Liu
- Bayer AG, Drug Discovery TRG Oncology, Muellerstrasse 178, 13353, Berlin, Germany.,Hehlius Biotech, Inc., 1801 Hongmei Rd, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Hong Wu
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China. .,School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China. .,Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China. .,Institute for Cancer Research, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen, 518107, China.
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20
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Treatment with abiraterone or enzalutamide does not impair immunological response to COVID-19 vaccination in prostate cancer patients. Prostate Cancer Prostatic Dis 2022; 25:117-118. [PMID: 34628475 PMCID: PMC8501917 DOI: 10.1038/s41391-021-00455-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Revised: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Data regarding the safety and efficacy of COVID-10 vaccines among cancer patients are lacking. Factors such as age, underlying disease and antineoplastic treatment confer negatively to the immune response due to vaccination. The degree of immunosuppression though may be lessen by targeted treatments like the androgen receptor-targeted agents (ARTA) that are commonly used in patients with metastatic prostate cancer. Herein, we report our data on 25 patients with prostate cancer under treatment with ARTA who were vaccinated for COVID-19. Our data suggest that these patients develop neutralizing antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 similarly to healthy volunteers. No safety issues were noted.
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21
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Palicelli A, Croci S, Bisagni A, Zanetti E, De Biase D, Melli B, Sanguedolce F, Ragazzi M, Zanelli M, Chaux A, Cañete-Portillo S, Bonasoni MP, Soriano A, Ascani S, Zizzo M, Castro Ruiz C, De Leo A, Giordano G, Landriscina M, Carrieri G, Cormio L, Berney DM, Gandhi J, Copelli V, Bernardelli G, Santandrea G, Bonacini M. What Do We Have to Know about PD-L1 Expression in Prostate Cancer? A Systematic Literature Review. Part 3: PD-L1, Intracellular Signaling Pathways and Tumor Microenvironment. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:12330. [PMID: 34830209 PMCID: PMC8618001 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222212330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Revised: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The tumor microenvironment (TME) includes immune (T, B, NK, dendritic), stromal, mesenchymal, endothelial, adipocytic cells, extracellular matrix, and cytokines/chemokines/soluble factors regulating various intracellular signaling pathways (ISP) in tumor cells. TME influences the survival/progression of prostate cancer (PC), enabling tumor cell immune-evasion also through the activation of the PD-1/PD-L1 axis. We have performed a systematic literature review according to the PRISMA guidelines, to investigate how the PD-1/PD-L1 pathway is influenced by TME and ISPs. Tumor immune-escape mechanisms include suppression/exhaustion of tumor infiltrating cytotoxic T lymphocytes, inhibition of tumor suppressive NK cells, increase in immune-suppressive immune cells (regulatory T, M2 macrophagic, myeloid-derived suppressor, dendritic, stromal, and adipocytic cells). IFN-γ (the most investigated factor), TGF-β, TNF-α, IL-6, IL-17, IL-15, IL-27, complement factor C5a, and other soluble molecules secreted by TME components (and sometimes increased in patients' serum), as well as and hypoxia, influenced the regulation of PD-L1. Experimental studies using human and mouse PC cell lines (derived from either androgen-sensitive or androgen-resistant tumors) revealed that the intracellular ERK/MEK, Akt-mTOR, NF-kB, WNT and JAK/STAT pathways were involved in PD-L1 upregulation in PC. Blocking the PD-1/PD-L1 signaling by using immunotherapy drugs can prevent tumor immune-escape, increasing the anti-tumor activity of immune cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Palicelli
- Pathology Unit, Azienda USL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, 42123 Reggio Emilia, Italy; (A.B.); (E.Z.); (M.R.); (M.Z.); (M.P.B.); (V.C.); (G.B.); (G.S.)
| | - Stefania Croci
- Clinical Immunology, Allergy and Advanced Biotechnologies Unit, Azienda USL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, 42123 Reggio Emilia, Italy; (S.C.); (M.B.)
| | - Alessandra Bisagni
- Pathology Unit, Azienda USL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, 42123 Reggio Emilia, Italy; (A.B.); (E.Z.); (M.R.); (M.Z.); (M.P.B.); (V.C.); (G.B.); (G.S.)
| | - Eleonora Zanetti
- Pathology Unit, Azienda USL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, 42123 Reggio Emilia, Italy; (A.B.); (E.Z.); (M.R.); (M.Z.); (M.P.B.); (V.C.); (G.B.); (G.S.)
| | - Dario De Biase
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology (FABIT), University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy;
| | - Beatrice Melli
- Fertility Centre, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Azienda USL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, 42123 Reggio Emilia, Italy;
- Clinical and Experimental Medicine PhD Program, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41121 Modena, Italy;
| | | | - Moira Ragazzi
- Pathology Unit, Azienda USL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, 42123 Reggio Emilia, Italy; (A.B.); (E.Z.); (M.R.); (M.Z.); (M.P.B.); (V.C.); (G.B.); (G.S.)
| | - Magda Zanelli
- Pathology Unit, Azienda USL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, 42123 Reggio Emilia, Italy; (A.B.); (E.Z.); (M.R.); (M.Z.); (M.P.B.); (V.C.); (G.B.); (G.S.)
| | - Alcides Chaux
- Department of Scientific Research, School of Postgraduate Studies, Norte University, Asunción 1614, Paraguay;
| | - Sofia Cañete-Portillo
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA;
| | - Maria Paola Bonasoni
- Pathology Unit, Azienda USL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, 42123 Reggio Emilia, Italy; (A.B.); (E.Z.); (M.R.); (M.Z.); (M.P.B.); (V.C.); (G.B.); (G.S.)
| | - Alessandra Soriano
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA;
- Gastroenterology Division, Azienda USL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, 42123 Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Stefano Ascani
- Pathology Unit, Azienda Ospedaliera Santa Maria di Terni, University of Perugia, 05100 Terni, Italy;
- Haematopathology Unit, CREO, Azienda Ospedaliera di Perugia, University of Perugia, 06129 Perugia, Italy
| | - Maurizio Zizzo
- Surgical Oncology Unit, Azienda USL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, 42123 Reggio Emilia, Italy;
| | - Carolina Castro Ruiz
- Clinical and Experimental Medicine PhD Program, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41121 Modena, Italy;
- Surgical Oncology Unit, Azienda USL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, 42123 Reggio Emilia, Italy;
| | - Antonio De Leo
- Molecular Diagnostic Unit, Azienda USL Bologna, Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy;
| | - Guido Giordano
- Medical Oncology Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy; (G.G.); (M.L.)
| | - Matteo Landriscina
- Medical Oncology Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy; (G.G.); (M.L.)
| | - Giuseppe Carrieri
- Department of Urology and Renal Transplantation, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy; (G.C.); (L.C.)
| | - Luigi Cormio
- Department of Urology and Renal Transplantation, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy; (G.C.); (L.C.)
| | - Daniel M. Berney
- Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London EC1M 5PZ, UK;
| | - Jatin Gandhi
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA;
| | - Valerio Copelli
- Pathology Unit, Azienda USL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, 42123 Reggio Emilia, Italy; (A.B.); (E.Z.); (M.R.); (M.Z.); (M.P.B.); (V.C.); (G.B.); (G.S.)
| | - Giuditta Bernardelli
- Pathology Unit, Azienda USL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, 42123 Reggio Emilia, Italy; (A.B.); (E.Z.); (M.R.); (M.Z.); (M.P.B.); (V.C.); (G.B.); (G.S.)
| | - Giacomo Santandrea
- Pathology Unit, Azienda USL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, 42123 Reggio Emilia, Italy; (A.B.); (E.Z.); (M.R.); (M.Z.); (M.P.B.); (V.C.); (G.B.); (G.S.)
- Clinical and Experimental Medicine PhD Program, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41121 Modena, Italy;
| | - Martina Bonacini
- Clinical Immunology, Allergy and Advanced Biotechnologies Unit, Azienda USL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, 42123 Reggio Emilia, Italy; (S.C.); (M.B.)
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22
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Palicelli A, Croci S, Bisagni A, Zanetti E, De Biase D, Melli B, Sanguedolce F, Ragazzi M, Zanelli M, Chaux A, Cañete-Portillo S, Bonasoni MP, Soriano A, Ascani S, Zizzo M, Castro Ruiz C, De Leo A, Giordano G, Landriscina M, Carrieri G, Cormio L, Berney DM, Gandhi J, Santandrea G, Bonacini M. What Do We Have to Know about PD-L1 Expression in Prostate Cancer? A Systematic Literature Review. Part 4: Experimental Treatments in Pre-Clinical Studies (Cell Lines and Mouse Models). Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:12297. [PMID: 34830179 PMCID: PMC8618402 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222212297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Revised: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
In prostate cancer (PC), the PD-1/PD-L1 axis regulates various signaling pathways and it is influenced by extracellular factors. Pre-clinical experimental studies investigating the effects of various treatments (alone or combined) may discover how to overcome the immunotherapy-resistance in PC-patients. We performed a systematic literature review (PRISMA guidelines) to delineate the landscape of pre-clinical studies (including cell lines and mouse models) that tested treatments with effects on PD-L1 signaling in PC. NF-kB, MEK, JAK, or STAT inhibitors on human/mouse, primary/metastatic PC-cell lines variably down-modulated PD-L1-expression, reducing chemoresistance and tumor cell migration. If PC-cells were co-cultured with NK, CD8+ T-cells or CAR-T cells, the immune cell cytotoxicity increased when PD-L1 was downregulated (opposite effects for PD-L1 upregulation). In mouse models, radiotherapy, CDK4/6-inhibitors, and RB deletion induced PD-L1-upregulation, causing PC-immune-evasion. Epigenetic drugs may reduce PD-L1 expression. In some PC experimental models, blocking only the PD-1/PD-L1 pathway had limited efficacy in reducing the tumor growth. Anti-tumor effects could be increased by combining the PD-1/PD-L1 blockade with other approaches (inhibitors of tyrosine kinase, PI3K/mTOR or JAK/STAT3 pathways, p300/CBP; anti-RANKL and/or anti-CTLA-4 antibodies; cytokines; nitroxoline; DNA/cell vaccines; radiotherapy/Radium-223).
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Palicelli
- Pathology Unit, Azienda USL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, 42123 Reggio Emilia, Italy; (A.B.); (E.Z.); (M.R.); (M.Z.); (M.P.B.); (G.S.)
| | - Stefania Croci
- Clinical Immunology, Allergy and Advanced Biotechnologies Unit, Azienda USL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, 42123 Reggio Emilia, Italy; (S.C.); (M.B.)
| | - Alessandra Bisagni
- Pathology Unit, Azienda USL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, 42123 Reggio Emilia, Italy; (A.B.); (E.Z.); (M.R.); (M.Z.); (M.P.B.); (G.S.)
| | - Eleonora Zanetti
- Pathology Unit, Azienda USL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, 42123 Reggio Emilia, Italy; (A.B.); (E.Z.); (M.R.); (M.Z.); (M.P.B.); (G.S.)
| | - Dario De Biase
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology (FABIT), University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy;
| | - Beatrice Melli
- Fertility Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Azienda USL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, 42123 Reggio Emilia, Italy;
- International Doctorate School in Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41121 Modena, Italy;
| | | | - Moira Ragazzi
- Pathology Unit, Azienda USL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, 42123 Reggio Emilia, Italy; (A.B.); (E.Z.); (M.R.); (M.Z.); (M.P.B.); (G.S.)
| | - Magda Zanelli
- Pathology Unit, Azienda USL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, 42123 Reggio Emilia, Italy; (A.B.); (E.Z.); (M.R.); (M.Z.); (M.P.B.); (G.S.)
| | - Alcides Chaux
- Department of Scientific Research, School of Postgraduate Studies, Norte University, Asunción 1614, Paraguay;
| | - Sofia Cañete-Portillo
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA;
| | - Maria Paola Bonasoni
- Pathology Unit, Azienda USL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, 42123 Reggio Emilia, Italy; (A.B.); (E.Z.); (M.R.); (M.Z.); (M.P.B.); (G.S.)
| | - Alessandra Soriano
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA;
- Gastroenterology Division, Azienda USL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, 42123 Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Stefano Ascani
- Pathology Unit, Azienda Ospedaliera Santa Maria di Terni, University of Perugia, 05100 Terni, Italy;
- Haematopathology Unit, CREO, Azienda Ospedaliera di Perugia, University of Perugia, 06129 Perugia, Italy
| | - Maurizio Zizzo
- Surgical Oncology Unit, Azienda USL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, 42123 Reggio Emilia, Italy;
| | - Carolina Castro Ruiz
- International Doctorate School in Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41121 Modena, Italy;
- Surgical Oncology Unit, Azienda USL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, 42123 Reggio Emilia, Italy;
| | - Antonio De Leo
- Molecular Diagnostic Unit, Azienda USL Bologna, Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy;
| | - Guido Giordano
- Medical Oncology Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy; (G.G.); (M.L.)
| | - Matteo Landriscina
- Medical Oncology Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy; (G.G.); (M.L.)
| | - Giuseppe Carrieri
- Department of Urology and Renal Transplantation, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy; (G.C.); (L.C.)
| | - Luigi Cormio
- Department of Urology and Renal Transplantation, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy; (G.C.); (L.C.)
| | - Daniel M. Berney
- Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London EC1M 5PZ, UK;
| | - Jatin Gandhi
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA;
| | - Giacomo Santandrea
- Pathology Unit, Azienda USL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, 42123 Reggio Emilia, Italy; (A.B.); (E.Z.); (M.R.); (M.Z.); (M.P.B.); (G.S.)
- International Doctorate School in Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41121 Modena, Italy;
| | - Martina Bonacini
- Clinical Immunology, Allergy and Advanced Biotechnologies Unit, Azienda USL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, 42123 Reggio Emilia, Italy; (S.C.); (M.B.)
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Type I Interferon Promotes Antitumor T Cell Response in CRPC by Regulating MDSC. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13215574. [PMID: 34771735 PMCID: PMC8582786 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13215574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Revised: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Despite initial tumor regression following androgen blockade treatment, relapse of castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) eventually occurs in most patients. Immunotherapy aims to activate the host immune system to fight against cancer and has achieved significant therapeutic effects in various solid tumors. The purpose of our research was to investigate the mechanisms underlying the immune response during CRPC development and to screen effective immunotherapies against CRPC. We found that interferon-α (IFNα) directly inhibited the progression of CRPC, reduced the accumulation of the immune suppressive granulocytic myeloid-derived suppressor cells (G-MDSCs) in the tumor microenvironment (TME), and impaired the inhibitory function of G-MDSCs on T cell activation. This research provides a potential strategy for the clinical treatment of CRPC. Abstract Background: Metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) is the leading cause of death among prostate cancer patients. Here, our aim was to ascertain the immune regulatory mechanisms involved in CRPC development and identify potential immunotherapies against CRPC. Methods: A CRPC model was established using Myc-CaP cells in immune-competent FVB mice following castration. The immune cell profile of the tumor microenvironment (TME) was analyzed during CRPC development. Different immunotherapies were screened in the CRPC tumor model, and their efficacies and underlying mechanisms were investigated in vitro and in vivo. Results: During CRPC development, the proportion of granulocytic myeloid-derived suppressor cells (G-MDSCs) in the TME increased. Among the immunotherapies tested, IFNα was more effective than anti-PD-L1, anti-CTLA-4, anti-4-1BB, IL-2, and IL-9 in reducing Myc-CaP CRPC tumor growth. IFNα reduced the number of G-MDSCs both in vitro during differentiation and in vivo in CRPC mice. Furthermore, IFNα reduced the suppressive function of G-MDSCs on T cell proliferation and activation. Conclusion: G-MDSCs are crucial to effective immunotherapy against CRPC. Treatment with IFNα presents a promising therapeutic strategy against CRPC. Besides the direct inhibition of tumor growth and the promotion of T cell priming, IFNα reduces the number and the suppressive function of G-MDSCs and restores T cell activation.
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24
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Iorio GC, Spieler BO, Ricardi U, Dal Pra A. The Impact of Pelvic Nodal Radiotherapy on Hematologic Toxicity: A Systematic Review with Focus on Leukopenia, Lymphopenia and Future Perspectives in Prostate Cancer Treatment. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2021; 168:103497. [PMID: 34666186 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2021.103497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Revised: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Hematologic toxicity (HT), particularly leukopenia, is a common side-effect of oncologic treatments for pelvic malignancies. Pelvic nodal radiotherapy (PNRT) has been associated with HT development mainly through incidental bone marrow (BM) irradiation; however, several questions remain about the clinical impact of radiotherapy-related HT. Herein, we perform a systematic review of the available evidence on PNRT and HT. MATERIALS AND METHODS A comprehensive systematic literature search was performed through EMBASE. Hand searching and clinicaltrials.gov were also used. RESULTS While BM-related dose-volume parameters and BM-sparing techniques have been more thoroughly investigated in pelvic malignancies such as cervical, anal, and rectal cancers, the importance of BM as an organ-at-risk has received less attention in prostate cancer treatment. CONCLUSIONS We examined the available evidence regarding the impact of PNRT on HT, with a focus on prostate cancer treatment. We suggest that BM should be regarded as an organ-at-risk for patients undergoing PNRT.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Benjamin Oren Spieler
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Umberto Ricardi
- Department of Oncology, Radiation Oncology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Alan Dal Pra
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
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25
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Ollivier L, Labbé M, Fradin D, Potiron V, Supiot S. Interaction Between Modern Radiotherapy and Immunotherapy for Metastatic Prostate Cancer. Front Oncol 2021; 11:744679. [PMID: 34595122 PMCID: PMC8477651 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.744679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer is the most frequently diagnosed cancer in men and a leading cause of cancer-related death. In recent decades, the development of immunotherapies has resulted in great promise to cure metastatic disease. However, prostate cancer has failed to show any significant response, presumably due to its immunosuppressive microenvironment. There is therefore growing interest in combining immunotherapy with other therapies able to relieve the immunosuppressive microenvironment. Radiation therapy remains the mainstay treatment for prostate cancer patients, is known to exhibit immunomodulatory effects, depending on the dose, and is a potent inducer of immunogenic tumor cell death. Optimal doses of radiotherapy are thus expected to unleash the full potential of immunotherapy, improving primary target destruction with further hope of inducing immune-cell-mediated elimination of metastases at distance from the irradiated site. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge on both the tumor immune microenvironment in prostate cancer and the effects of radiotherapy on it, as well as on the use of immunotherapy. In addition, we discuss the utility to combine immunotherapy and radiotherapy to treat oligometastatic metastatic prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luc Ollivier
- Institut de Cancérologie de l'Ouest, Nantes, France.,Université de Nantes, CNRS, Inserm, CRCINA, Nantes, France
| | - Maureen Labbé
- Université de Nantes, CNRS, Inserm, CRCINA, Nantes, France
| | | | - Vincent Potiron
- Institut de Cancérologie de l'Ouest, Nantes, France.,Université de Nantes, CNRS, Inserm, CRCINA, Nantes, France
| | - Stéphane Supiot
- Institut de Cancérologie de l'Ouest, Nantes, France.,Université de Nantes, CNRS, Inserm, CRCINA, Nantes, France
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26
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Sena LA, Denmeade SR, Antonarakis ES. Targeting the spectrum of immune checkpoints in prostate cancer. Expert Rev Clin Pharmacol 2021; 14:1253-1266. [PMID: 34263692 PMCID: PMC8484035 DOI: 10.1080/17512433.2021.1949287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: The proven efficacy of the cellular vaccine sipuleucel-T in 2010 led to optimism about immunotherapeutic approaches for the treatment of prostate cancer. Some surmised that prostate cancer might be an ideal target for immune-mediated killing given that the prostate is not an essential organ and expresses unique proteins including prostate-specific antigen, prostate-specific membrane antigen, and prostatic acid phosphatase that could be targeted without side effects. Subsequently, antibodies that inhibit the T cell checkpoints PD1 and CTLA4 were shown to stimulate antitumor immune responses, leading to tumor regression in several cancer types. These therapies have since been tested in several studies as treatments for prostate cancer, but appear to have limited efficacy in molecularly unselected patients.Areas covered: In this review, we discuss these studies and evaluate features of prostate cancer and its host environment that may render it generally resistant to CTLA4 and PD1 blockade. We provide an overview of alternate immune checkpoints that may hold greater significance in this disease.Expert opinion: Combination therapies to target multiple layers of alternate immune checkpoints may be required for an effective immune response to prostate cancer. We discuss combination therapies currently being investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura A. Sena
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Samuel R. Denmeade
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Urology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Emmanuel S. Antonarakis
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Urology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- The Bloomberg-Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
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27
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Ollivier L, Guimas V, Rio E, Vaugier L, Masson I, Libois V, Labbé M, Fradin D, Potiron V, Supiot S. [Combination radiotherapy-immunotherapy in genitourinary cancer]. Cancer Radiother 2021; 25:565-569. [PMID: 34391648 DOI: 10.1016/j.canrad.2021.06.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Immunotherapy occupies a growing place in urologic oncology, mainly for kidney and bladder cancers. On the basis of encouraging preclinical work, the combination of immunotherapy with radiotherapy aims to increase the tumor response, including in metastatic tumors, which raises many hopes, which this article reviews.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Ollivier
- Institut de cancérologie de l'Ouest, département de radiothérapie, boulevard Jacques-Monod, 44800 Nantes Saint Herblain, France; Inserm UMR1232, CNRS ERL 6001, centre de recherche en cancérologie Nantes-Atlantique CRCINA-institut de recherche en santé de l'université de Nantes, 8, quai Moncousu, BP 70721, 44007 Nantes cedex1, France
| | - V Guimas
- Institut de cancérologie de l'Ouest, département de radiothérapie, boulevard Jacques-Monod, 44800 Nantes Saint Herblain, France
| | - E Rio
- Institut de cancérologie de l'Ouest, département de radiothérapie, boulevard Jacques-Monod, 44800 Nantes Saint Herblain, France
| | - L Vaugier
- Institut de cancérologie de l'Ouest, département de radiothérapie, boulevard Jacques-Monod, 44800 Nantes Saint Herblain, France
| | - I Masson
- Institut de cancérologie de l'Ouest, département de radiothérapie, boulevard Jacques-Monod, 44800 Nantes Saint Herblain, France
| | - V Libois
- Institut de cancérologie de l'Ouest, département de radiothérapie, boulevard Jacques-Monod, 44800 Nantes Saint Herblain, France
| | - M Labbé
- Inserm UMR1232, CNRS ERL 6001, centre de recherche en cancérologie Nantes-Atlantique CRCINA-institut de recherche en santé de l'université de Nantes, 8, quai Moncousu, BP 70721, 44007 Nantes cedex1, France
| | - D Fradin
- Inserm UMR1232, CNRS ERL 6001, centre de recherche en cancérologie Nantes-Atlantique CRCINA-institut de recherche en santé de l'université de Nantes, 8, quai Moncousu, BP 70721, 44007 Nantes cedex1, France
| | - V Potiron
- Institut de cancérologie de l'Ouest, département de radiothérapie, boulevard Jacques-Monod, 44800 Nantes Saint Herblain, France
| | - S Supiot
- Institut de cancérologie de l'Ouest, département de radiothérapie, boulevard Jacques-Monod, 44800 Nantes Saint Herblain, France.
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28
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El-Kenawi A, Dominguez-Viqueira W, Liu M, Awasthi S, Abraham-Miranda J, Keske A, Steiner KK, Noel L, Serna AN, Dhillon J, Gillies RJ, Yu X, Koomen JM, Yamoah K, Gatenby RA, Ruffell B. Macrophage-derived cholesterol contributes to therapeutic resistance in prostate cancer. Cancer Res 2021; 81:5477-5490. [PMID: 34301759 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-20-4028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Revised: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) is a lethal stage of disease in which androgen receptor (AR) signaling is persistent despite androgen deprivation therapy (ADT). Most studies have focused on investigating cell-autonomous alterations in CRPC, while the contributions of the tumor microenvironment are less well understood. Here we sought to determine the role of tumor-associated macrophages in CRPC, based upon their role in cancer progression and therapeutic resistance. In a syngeneic model that reflected the mutational landscape of CRPC, macrophage depletion resulted in a reduced transcriptional signature for steroid and bile acid synthesis, indicating potential perturbation of cholesterol metabolism. As cholesterol is the precursor of the five major types of steroid hormones, we hypothesized that macrophages were regulating androgen biosynthesis within the prostate tumor microenvironment. Macrophage depletion reduced androgen levels within prostate tumors and restricted androgen receptor (AR) nuclear localization in vitro and in vivo. Macrophages were also cholesterol-rich and were able to transfer cholesterol to tumor cells in vitro. AR nuclear translocation was inhibited by activation of Liver X Receptor (LXR)-β, the master regulator of cholesterol homeostasis. Consistent with these data, macrophage depletion extended survival during ADT and the presence of macrophages correlated with therapeutic resistance in patient-derived explants. Taken together, these findings support the therapeutic targeting of macrophages in CRPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asmaa El-Kenawi
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida.
- Department of Cancer Physiology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida
- Department of Immunology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida
| | | | - Min Liu
- Proteomics and Metabolomics Core, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida
| | - Shivanshu Awasthi
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida
| | - Julieta Abraham-Miranda
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida
| | - Aysenur Keske
- Department of Immunology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida
| | - KayLee K Steiner
- Department of Immunology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida
| | - Leenil Noel
- Department of Immunology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida
| | - Amparo N Serna
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida
| | - Jasreman Dhillon
- Department of Pathology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida
| | - Robert J Gillies
- Department of Cancer Physiology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida
| | - Xiaoqing Yu
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida
| | - John M Koomen
- Proteomics and Metabolomics Core, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida
- Department of Molecular Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida
| | - Kosj Yamoah
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida
- Department of Radiation Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida
| | - Robert A Gatenby
- Department of Radiology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida
| | - Brian Ruffell
- Department of Immunology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida.
- Department of Breast Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida
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30
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Sickinger M, Wehrend A, Wenisch S. Distribution pattern of local immune cells within the lower urinary tract of male sheep lambs. Res Vet Sci 2021; 137:274-280. [PMID: 34058398 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2021.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Revised: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The local immunity of the lower urinary tract (LUT) is often presumed to influence the development of ascending infections and local inflammation. Due to small ruminants being at a higher risk of developing obstructive urolithiasis after early castration, a relationship is expected to exist between disturbed local immunity, castration and disease. However, the underlying pathophysiology and histological correlation of this assumption are unknown. This study examines the local cellular immunity of the LUT in male lambs with respect to castration status or a recent history of obstructive urolithiasis. Various tissue samples were taken and examined. The sample consisted of 34 male lambs, aged six months (n = 11 early and n = 11 late castration; n = 12 intact) and eight rams that had undergone necropsy due to fatal outcome after obstructive urolithiasis. Immunohistochemical stainings for CD3-T-cells, CD79α-B-cells and MAC 387-macrophages were performed and compared among the groups. Whereas no global group differences were evident, significant differences were found for the localizations (P = 0.002) with a significant interaction between group and localization (P = 0.004). The immunohistochemical results suggest that castration did not affect the cell number, but did have an effect on the distribution pattern of local T-cells within the urethra. In the urolithiasis cases, a reduction of CD3-positive cells along the middle part of the urethra was noticeable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marlene Sickinger
- Clinic for Obstetrics, Gynaecology and Andrology of Large and Small Animals with Veterinary Ambulance, Frankfurter Str. 104/106, 35392 Giessen, Germany.
| | - Axel Wehrend
- Clinic for Obstetrics, Gynaecology and Andrology of Large and Small Animals with Veterinary Ambulance, Frankfurter Str. 104/106, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Sabine Wenisch
- Institute for Veterinary Anatomy, Embryology and Histology, Frankfurter Str. 98, 35392 Giessen, Germany
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Next Generation of Androgen Deprivation Therapy Combined With Radiotherapy for N0 M0 Prostate Cancer. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 26:21-28. [PMID: 31977381 DOI: 10.1097/ppo.0000000000000428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Androgen deprivation therapy in combination with definitive radiation therapy is a standard of care for both intermediate-/high-risk localized prostate, locally advanced prostate cancer. Newer hormonal therapies have shown promising results in patients with castration-resistant disease and are now being investigated in early stages, in combination with radiation therapy. In this section, we review the body of evidence elucidating the mechanism of synergy and immune modulation effect of androgen deprivation therapy and radiation therapy, summarize the pivotal studies supporting its use in the nonmetastatic setting, and present the ongoing studies who will likely shape the management of locally advanced disease, in the upcoming years.
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32
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Wang L, Jiang G, Jing N, Liu X, Li Q, Liang W, Liu Z. Bilberry anthocyanin extracts enhance anti-PD-L1 efficiency by modulating gut microbiota. Food Funct 2021; 11:3180-3190. [PMID: 32211663 DOI: 10.1039/d0fo00255k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The undesirable low response rate is a major hurdle to garnering the maximum potential of immune checkpoint inhibitors in cancer treatments. Recent advances in exploring the effects of intestinal flora on the medical efficacy of immune checkpoint blockade have shed new light on the application of immune checkpoint inhibitors. Inspired by the prebiotic role of anthocyanin-rich extracts, we propose using bilberry anthocyanin extracts to modulate the composition of gut microbiota and eventually, promote the efficiency of immune checkpoint inhibitors. This study demonstrates the effectiveness of orally administered bilberry anthocyanin extracts in enhancing the anti-tumor efficiency of the PD-L1 antibody in the experimental mouse MC38 tumor model. We observed an increase in the fecal abundance of Clostridia and Lactobacillus johnsonii and improved effective community diversity. These findings reinforce the importance of intestinal flora composition and open up unprecedented opportunities in using natural compounds to enhance the efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luoyang Wang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China. and Key Lab of Industrial Biocatalysis, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Guoqiang Jiang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China. and Key Lab of Industrial Biocatalysis, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Nan Jing
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China. and Key Lab of Industrial Biocatalysis, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Xuerun Liu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China. and Key Lab of Industrial Biocatalysis, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Qicheng Li
- Protein and Peptide Pharmaceutical Laboratory, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Wei Liang
- Protein and Peptide Pharmaceutical Laboratory, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China and University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Zheng Liu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China. and Key Lab of Industrial Biocatalysis, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100084, China
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33
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The role of regulatory T cells in the pathogenesis and treatment of prostate cancer. Life Sci 2021; 284:119132. [PMID: 33513396 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.119132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Revised: 01/10/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Despite developments in the treatment of various cancers, prostate cancer is one of the deadliest diseases known to men. Systemic therapies such as androgen deprivation, chemotherapy, and radiation therapy have not been very successful in treating this disease. Numerous studies have shown that there is a direct relationship between cancer progression and inhibition of anti-tumor immune responses that can lead to progression of various malignancies, including prostate cancer. Interestingly, CD4+CD25+FoxP3+ regulatory T cells significantly accumulate and increase in draining lymph nodes and PBMCs of patients with prostate cancer and other solid tumors. In vivo and in vitro studies have shown that Tregs can suppress anti-tumor responses, which is directly related to the increased risk of cancer recurrence. Tregs are essential for preserving self-tolerance and inhibiting extra immune responses harmful to the host. Since the tumor-related antigens are mainly self-antigens, Tregs could play a major role in tumor progression. Accordingly, it has discovered that prostate cancer patients with higher Tregs have poor prognosis and low survival rates. However, anti-tumor responses can be reinforced by suppression of Tregs with using monoclonal antibodies against CD25 and CTLA-4. Therefore, depleting Tregs or suppressing their functions could be one of the effective ways for prostate cancer immunotherapy. The purpose of this review is to investigate the role of Treg cells in the progression of prostate cancer and to evaluate effective strategies for the treatment of prostate cancer by regulating Treg cells.
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34
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Bansal D, Reimers MA, Knoche EM, Pachynski RK. Immunotherapy and Immunotherapy Combinations in Metastatic Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13020334. [PMID: 33477569 PMCID: PMC7831137 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13020334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2020] [Revised: 01/01/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Although most prostate cancers are localized, and the majority are curable, recurrences occur in approximately 35% of men. Among patients with prostate-specific antigen (PSA) recurrence and PSA doubling time (PSADT) less than 15 months after radical prostatectomy, prostate cancer accounted for approximately 90% of the deaths by 15 years after recurrence. An immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME) and impaired cellular immunity are likely largely responsible for the limited utility of checkpoint inhibitors (CPIs) in advanced prostate cancer compared with other tumor types. Thus, for immunologically "cold" malignancies such as prostate cancer, clinical trial development has pivoted towards novel approaches to enhance immune responses. Numerous clinical trials are currently evaluating combination immunomodulatory strategies incorporating vaccine-based therapies, checkpoint inhibitors, and chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells. Other trials evaluate the efficacy and safety of these immunomodulatory agents' combinations with standard approaches such as androgen deprivation therapy (ADT), taxane-based chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and targeted therapies such as tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI) and poly ADP ribose polymerase (PARP) inhibitors. Here, we will review promising immunotherapies in development and ongoing trials for metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC). These novel trials will build on past experiences and promise to usher a new era to treat patients with mCRPC.
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35
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Wang L, Jiang G, Jing N, Liu X, Zhuang H, Zeng W, Liang W, Liu Z. Downregulating testosterone levels enhance immunotherapy efficiency. Oncoimmunology 2021; 10:1981570. [PMID: 34595060 PMCID: PMC8477942 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2021.1981570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Low response rates to certain tumor types remain a major challenge for immune checkpoint blockade therapy. In this study, we first conducted an integrated biomarker evaluation of bladder cancer patients from confirmatory cohorts (IMvigor210) and found that no significant differences exist between sexes before acceptance of anti-PD-L1 treatment, whereas male patients showed a better response. Thus, we then focused on sex-related changes post anti-PD-L1 treatment and found no obvious impact on the gut microbiota in male mice but a significant decrease in the sex hormone levels. Further, castration dramatically enhanced the antitumor efficacy against murine colon adenocarcinoma in male mice. Moreover, a narrow-spectrum antibiotic, colistin was innovatively used for deregulation of testosterone levels to enhance the immunotherapy efficiency in male mice. These findings indicate that the impact on the sex hormone levels in males may contribute to the sexual dimorphism in response and provide a promising way to enhance immunotherapy efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luoyang Wang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
- Key Lab of Industrial Biocatalysis, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Guoqiang Jiang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
- Key Lab of Industrial Biocatalysis, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
- CONTACT Guoqiang Jiang
| | - Nan Jing
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
- Key Lab of Industrial Biocatalysis, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Xuerun Liu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
- Key Lab of Industrial Biocatalysis, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Huiren Zhuang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
- Key Lab of Industrial Biocatalysis, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Wenfeng Zeng
- Protein and Peptide Pharmaceutical Laboratory, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Liang
- Protein and Peptide Pharmaceutical Laboratory, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zheng Liu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
- Key Lab of Industrial Biocatalysis, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
- Zheng Liu Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China; Key Lab of Industrial Biocatalysis, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
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36
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Consiglio CR, Gollnick SO. Androgen Receptor Signaling Positively Regulates Monocytic Development. Front Immunol 2020; 11:519383. [PMID: 33193298 PMCID: PMC7604537 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.519383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Myeloid cells are critical cells involved in the orchestration of innate and adaptive immune responses. Most myeloid cells derive from the adult bone marrow in a process called myelopoiesis, a tightly controlled process that ensures constant production of myeloid cells. Sex differences in myeloid cell development have been observed; males exhibit greater monocytic differentiation in the bone marrow, and men have increased blood monocyte numbers when compared to women. Here we use a genetic mouse model of myeloid androgen receptor (AR) knockout (MARKO) and pharmacological inhibition of AR to investigate the role of androgen signaling in monocytic differentiation. We observe that although myeloid AR signaling does not influence total bone marrow cell numbers, it does affect the composition of the bone marrow myeloid population in both homeostatic and emergency settings. Genetic deletion of AR in myeloid cells led to reduced monocytic development in vivo. Similarly, pharmacologic inhibition of AR signaling in vitro reduced monocytic development. However, alteration in monocytic differentiation in the absence of AR signaling did not lead to reduced numbers of circulating myeloid cells, although MARKO male mice display reduced ratio of classical to non-classical monocytes in the blood, implying that blood monocyte subsets are skewed upon myeloid AR deletion. Our results suggest that the sex differences observed in monocytic differentiation are partly attributed to the positive role of the androgen-AR axis in regulating monocytic development directly at the myeloid cell level. Furthermore, we have identified a novel role for AR in regulating blood mature monocyte subset turnover. Investigating how androgen signaling affects monocytic development and monocyte subset heterogeneity will advance our understanding of sex differences in monocytic function at homeostasis and disease and can ultimately impact future therapeutic design targeting monocytes in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila Rosat Consiglio
- Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Immunology, Buffalo, NY, United States
| | - Sandra O Gollnick
- Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Immunology, Buffalo, NY, United States.,Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Cell Stress, Buffalo, NY, United States
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37
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Carpenter VJ, Patel BB, Autorino R, Smith SC, Gewirtz DA, Saleh T. Senescence and castration resistance in prostate cancer: A review of experimental evidence and clinical implications. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2020; 1874:188424. [PMID: 32956765 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2020.188424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Revised: 09/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The development of Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer (CRPC) remains a major challenge in the treatment of this disease. While Androgen Deprivation Therapy (ADT) can result in tumor shrinkage, a primary response of Prostate Cancer (PCa) cells to ADT is a senescent growth arrest. As a response to cancer therapies, senescence has often been considered as a beneficial outcome due to its association with stable growth abrogation, as well as the potential for immune system activation via the Senescence-Associated Secretory Phenotype (SASP). However, there is increasing evidence that not only can senescent cells regain proliferative capacity, but that senescence contributes to deleterious effects of cancer chemotherapy, including disease recurrence. Notably, the preponderance of work investigating the consequences of therapy-induced senescence on tumor progression has been performed in non-PCa models. Here, we summarize the evidence that ADT promotes a senescent response in PCa and postulate mechanisms by which senescence may contribute to the development of castration-resistance. Primarily, we suggest that ADT-induced senescence may support CRPC development via escape from senescence, by cell autonomous-reprogramming, and by the formation of a pro-tumorigenic SASP. However, due to the scarcity of direct evidence from PCa models, the consequences of ADT-induced senescence outlined here remain speculative until the relationship between senescence and CRPC can be experimentally defined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valerie J Carpenter
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Bhaumik B Patel
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology, Oncology & Palliative Care, VCU Health, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Riccardo Autorino
- Department of Surgery, Division of Urology, VCU Health, Richmond, VA, USA
| | | | - David A Gewirtz
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Tareq Saleh
- The Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Hashemite University, Zarqa, Jordan.
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38
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Consiglio CR, Udartseva O, Ramsey KD, Bush C, Gollnick SO. Enzalutamide, an Androgen Receptor Antagonist, Enhances Myeloid Cell-Mediated Immune Suppression and Tumor Progression. Cancer Immunol Res 2020; 8:1215-1227. [PMID: 32661092 DOI: 10.1158/2326-6066.cir-19-0371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2019] [Revised: 10/02/2019] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Androgen receptor (AR) antagonism increases overall survival in prostate cancer; however, treatment failure leads to tumor progression and patient mortality. The effect of AR modulation on AR+ nontumor cells that participate in the resistance to AR antagonism is poorly understood. Tumor-infiltrating myeloid cells, including macrophages and myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC), express AR and promote prostate cancer progression. We investigated how AR antagonism affects myeloid cell function and metabolism in an AR-independent murine colon tumor model. Systemic blockade of AR with enzalutamide resulted in increased MC-38 tumor growth in vivo even when AR was knocked out of MC-38 tumor cells. MC-38 tumor growth was also increased when immunocompetent, but not immunodeficient, mice were coinjected with tumor cells and MDSCs treated with enzalutamide or lacking AR, suggesting that AR regulated the ability of MDSCs to suppress adaptive immunity. Myeloid AR-knockout male mice also displayed increased growth of TRAMP C2 prostate tumors when compared with wild type. Inhibition of AR signaling suppressed mitochondrial respiration in myeloid cells via MPC/AMPK signaling pathways; suppression of mitochondrial respiration increased MDSC tumor-promoting functions. Our work showed that AR regulates a tumor-promoting myeloid cell phenotype and influences myeloid cell metabolism. These findings suggest that tumor resistance to AR antagonism is due, in part, to changes in myeloid cell function and metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila R Consiglio
- Department of Immunology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York
| | - Olga Udartseva
- Department of Cell Stress Biology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York
| | - Kimberly D Ramsey
- Department of Cell Stress Biology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York
| | - Chioma Bush
- Department of Cell Stress Biology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York
| | - Sandra O Gollnick
- Department of Immunology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York. .,Department of Cell Stress Biology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York
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39
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Androgen receptor signaling in the lungs mitigates inflammation and improves the outcome of influenza in mice. PLoS Pathog 2020; 16:e1008506. [PMID: 32645119 PMCID: PMC7373319 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1008506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Revised: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Circulating androgens can modulate immune cell activity, but the impact of androgens on viral pathogenesis remains unclear. Previous data demonstrate that testosterone reduces the severity of influenza A virus (IAV) infection in male mice by mitigating pulmonary inflammation rather than by affecting viral replication. To examine the immune responses mediated by testosterone to mitigate IAV-induced inflammation, adult male mice remained gonadally intact or were gonadectomized and treated with either placebo or androgen-filled (i.e., testosterone or dihydrotestosterone) capsules prior to sublethal IAV infection. Like intact males, treatment of gonadectomized males with androgens improved the outcome of IAV infection, which was not mediated by changes in the control of virus replication or pulmonary cytokine activity. Instead, androgens accelerated pulmonary leukocyte contraction to limit inflammation. To identify which immune cells were contracting in response to androgens, the composition of pulmonary cellular infiltrates was analyzed and revealed that androgens specifically accelerated the contraction of total pulmonary inflammatory monocytes during peak disease, as well as CD8+ T cells, IAV-specific CD8+ T numbers, cytokine production and degranulation by IAV-specific CD8+ T cells, and the influx of eosinophils into the lungs following clearance of IAV. Neither depletion of eosinophils nor adoptive transfer of CD8+ T cells could reverse the ability of testosterone to protect males against IAV suggesting these were secondary immunologic effects. The effects of testosterone on the contraction of immune cell numbers and activity were blocked by co-administration of the androgen receptor antagonist flutamide and mimicked by treatment with dihydrotestosterone, which was also able to reduce the severity of IAV in female mice. These data suggest that androgen receptor signaling creates a local pulmonary environment that promotes downregulation of detrimental inflammatory immune responses to protect against prolonged influenza disease.
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40
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Ben-Batalla I, Vargas-Delgado ME, von Amsberg G, Janning M, Loges S. Influence of Androgens on Immunity to Self and Foreign: Effects on Immunity and Cancer. Front Immunol 2020; 11:1184. [PMID: 32714315 PMCID: PMC7346249 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
It is well-known that sex hormones can directly and indirectly influence immune cell function. Different studies support a suppressive role of androgens on different components of the immune system by decreasing antibody production, T cell proliferation, NK cytotoxicity, and stimulating the production of anti-inflammatory cytokines. Androgen receptors have also been detected in many different cells of hematopoietic origin leading to direct effects of their ligands on the development and function of the immune system. The immunosuppressive properties of androgens could contribute to gender dimorphisms in autoimmune and infectious disease and thereby also hamper immune surveillance of tumors. Consistently, females generally are more prone to autoimmunity, while relatively less susceptible to infections, and have lower incidence and mortality of the majority of cancers compared to males. Some studies show that androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) can induce expansion of naïve T cells and increase T-cell responses. Emerging clinical data also reveal that ADT might enhance the efficacy of various immunotherapies including immune checkpoint blockade. In this review, we will discuss the potential role of androgens and their receptors in the immune responses in the context of different diseases. A particular focus will be on cancer, highlighting the effect of androgens on immune surveillance, tumor biology and on the efficacy of anti-cancer therapies including emerging immune therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Ben-Batalla
- Department of Oncology, Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation with Section Pneumology, Hubertus Wald Comprehensive Cancer Center Hamburg, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.,Department of Tumor Biology, Center of Experimental Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - María Elena Vargas-Delgado
- Department of Oncology, Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation with Section Pneumology, Hubertus Wald Comprehensive Cancer Center Hamburg, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.,Department of Tumor Biology, Center of Experimental Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Gunhild von Amsberg
- Department of Oncology, Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation with Section Pneumology, Hubertus Wald Comprehensive Cancer Center Hamburg, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.,Martini-Clinic, Prostate Cancer Center, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Melanie Janning
- Department of Oncology, Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation with Section Pneumology, Hubertus Wald Comprehensive Cancer Center Hamburg, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.,Department of Tumor Biology, Center of Experimental Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.,Division of Personalized Medical Oncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Department of Personalized Oncology, University Hospital Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Sonja Loges
- Department of Oncology, Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation with Section Pneumology, Hubertus Wald Comprehensive Cancer Center Hamburg, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.,Department of Tumor Biology, Center of Experimental Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.,Division of Personalized Medical Oncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Department of Personalized Oncology, University Hospital Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany
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41
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Conteduca V, Caffo O, Scarpi E, Sepe P, Galli L, Fratino L, Maines F, Chiuri VE, Santoni M, Zanardi E, Massari F, Toma I, Lolli C, Schepisi G, Sbrana A, Kinspergher S, Cursano MC, Casadei C, Modonesi C, Santini D, Procopio G, De Giorgi U. Immune Modulation in Prostate Cancer Patients Treated with Androgen Receptor (AR)-Targeted Therapy. J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9061950. [PMID: 32580478 PMCID: PMC7356925 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9061950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Revised: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 06/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) is a cornerstone of treatment for prostate cancer and, in recent years, androgen receptor (AR)-targeted therapies (abiraterone and enzalutamide) have both been used for the treatment of castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). In our study, we sought to investigate the association between ADT and immune disorders, considering a potential role of androgens in the immune modulation. We retrospectively evaluated CRPC patients treated with abiraterone/enzalutamide between July 2011 and December 2018. We assessed the risk of developing immune alterations and their impact on outcome. We included 844 CRPC patients receiving AR-directed therapies, of whom 36 (4.3%) had autoimmune diseases and 47 (5.6%) second tumors as comorbidities. Median age was 70 years [interquartile range (IQR) = 63–75)]. We showed higher significant incidence of autoimmune diseases during their hormone sensitive status (p = 0.021) and the presence of autoimmune comorbidities before starting treatment with abiraterone/enzalutamide was significantly associated with worse overall survival (OS) (10.1 vs. 13.7 months, HR = 1.59, 95% CI 1.03–2.27, p = 0.038). In a multivariate analysis, the presence of autoimmune disorders was an independent predictor of OS (HR = 1.65, 95% CI 1.05–2.60, p = 0.031). In conclusion, CRPC patients with autoimmune alterations before starting AR-directed therapies may have worse prognosis. Further prospective studies are warranted to assess the role of immune modulation in the management of prostate cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincenza Conteduca
- Department of Medical Oncology, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST) IRCCS, Via Piero Maroncelli 40, 47014 Meldola, Italy; (E.S.); (C.L.); (G.S.); (M.C.C.); (C.C.); (U.D.G.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0543-739100; Fax: +39-0543-739151
| | - Orazio Caffo
- Department of Oncology, Ospedale Santa Chiara, 38122 Trento, Italy; (O.C.); (F.M.); (S.K.)
| | - Emanuela Scarpi
- Department of Medical Oncology, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST) IRCCS, Via Piero Maroncelli 40, 47014 Meldola, Italy; (E.S.); (C.L.); (G.S.); (M.C.C.); (C.C.); (U.D.G.)
| | - Pierangela Sepe
- Medical Oncology Department, Fondazione Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, 20133 Milano, Italy; (P.S.); (G.P.)
| | - Luca Galli
- Medical Oncology Unit 2, Polo Oncologico, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Pisana, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (L.G.); (A.S.)
| | - Lucia Fratino
- Department of Medical Oncology, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano, 33081 Aviano-Pordenone, Italy;
| | - Francesca Maines
- Department of Oncology, Ospedale Santa Chiara, 38122 Trento, Italy; (O.C.); (F.M.); (S.K.)
| | | | - Matteo Santoni
- Oncology Unit, Macerata Hospital, 62100 Macerata, Italy;
| | - Elisa Zanardi
- Academic Unit of Medical Oncology, IRCCS San Martino Polyclinic Hospital, 16132 Genoa, Italy;
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (DIMI), School of Medicine, University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - Francesco Massari
- Division of Oncology, S.Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, 40138 Bologna, Italy;
| | - Ilaria Toma
- Clinical Oncology, Arcispedale Sant’Anna University Hospital, 44124 Ferrara, Italy;
| | - Cristian Lolli
- Department of Medical Oncology, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST) IRCCS, Via Piero Maroncelli 40, 47014 Meldola, Italy; (E.S.); (C.L.); (G.S.); (M.C.C.); (C.C.); (U.D.G.)
| | - Giuseppe Schepisi
- Department of Medical Oncology, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST) IRCCS, Via Piero Maroncelli 40, 47014 Meldola, Italy; (E.S.); (C.L.); (G.S.); (M.C.C.); (C.C.); (U.D.G.)
| | - Andrea Sbrana
- Medical Oncology Unit 2, Polo Oncologico, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Pisana, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (L.G.); (A.S.)
| | - Stefania Kinspergher
- Department of Oncology, Ospedale Santa Chiara, 38122 Trento, Italy; (O.C.); (F.M.); (S.K.)
| | - Maria Concetta Cursano
- Department of Medical Oncology, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST) IRCCS, Via Piero Maroncelli 40, 47014 Meldola, Italy; (E.S.); (C.L.); (G.S.); (M.C.C.); (C.C.); (U.D.G.)
- Department of Medical Oncology, Campus Bio-Medico University of Rome, 00128 Rome, Italy;
| | - Chiara Casadei
- Department of Medical Oncology, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST) IRCCS, Via Piero Maroncelli 40, 47014 Meldola, Italy; (E.S.); (C.L.); (G.S.); (M.C.C.); (C.C.); (U.D.G.)
| | | | - Daniele Santini
- Department of Medical Oncology, Campus Bio-Medico University of Rome, 00128 Rome, Italy;
| | - Giuseppe Procopio
- Medical Oncology Department, Fondazione Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, 20133 Milano, Italy; (P.S.); (G.P.)
| | - Ugo De Giorgi
- Department of Medical Oncology, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST) IRCCS, Via Piero Maroncelli 40, 47014 Meldola, Italy; (E.S.); (C.L.); (G.S.); (M.C.C.); (C.C.); (U.D.G.)
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42
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Markman JL, Porritt RA, Wakita D, Lane ME, Martinon D, Noval Rivas M, Luu M, Posadas EM, Crother TR, Arditi M. Loss of testosterone impairs anti-tumor neutrophil function. Nat Commun 2020; 11:1613. [PMID: 32235862 PMCID: PMC7109066 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-15397-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
In men, the incidence of melanoma rises rapidly after age 50, and nearly two thirds of melanoma deaths are male. The immune system is known to play a key role in controlling the growth and spread of malignancies, but whether age- and sex-dependent changes in immune cell function account for this effect remains unknown. Here, we show that in castrated male mice, neutrophil maturation and function are impaired, leading to elevated metastatic burden in two models of melanoma. Replacement of testosterone effectively normalized the tumor burden in castrated male mice. Further, the aberrant neutrophil phenotype was also observed in prostate cancer patients receiving androgen deprivation therapy, highlighting the evolutionary conservation and clinical relevance of the phenotype. Taken together, these results provide a better understanding of the role of androgen signaling in neutrophil function and the impact of this biology on immune control of malignancies. It is known that there are sex differences in the incidence and prognosis of certain cancers, including melanoma. In this study, the authors utilize a melanoma model to reveal that castrated mice have a higher metastatic burden associated with androgen dependent impaired neutrophil function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janet L Markman
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA
| | - Rebecca A Porritt
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA
| | - Daiko Wakita
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA
| | - Malcolm E Lane
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA
| | - Daisy Martinon
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA
| | - Magali Noval Rivas
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Infectious and Immunologic Disease Research Center, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA.,Department of Biomedical Science, Research Division of Immunology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA.,David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Michael Luu
- Biostatistics and Bioinformatics Core, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA
| | - Edwin M Posadas
- Urologic Oncology Program/Uro-Oncology Research Laboratories, Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Center Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA.,Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA
| | - Timothy R Crother
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Infectious and Immunologic Disease Research Center, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA.,Department of Biomedical Science, Research Division of Immunology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA.,David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Moshe Arditi
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA. .,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Infectious and Immunologic Disease Research Center, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA. .,Department of Biomedical Science, Research Division of Immunology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA. .,David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.
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43
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Cha HR, Lee JH, Ponnazhagan S. Revisiting Immunotherapy: A Focus on Prostate Cancer. Cancer Res 2020; 80:1615-1623. [PMID: 32066566 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-19-2948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2019] [Revised: 12/30/2019] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Therapeutic interventions to harness the immune system against tumor cells have provided mixed results in the past for several solid tumors and hematologic malignancies. However, immunotherapy has advanced considerably over the last decade and is becoming an integral combination for treating patients with advanced solid tumors. In particular, prostate cancer immunotherapy has shown modest efficacy for patients in the past. With several key discoveries on immune mechanisms and advanced molecular diagnostic platforms recently, immunotherapy is re-emerging as a viable option for prostate cancer, especially castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC), to stimulate antitumor immunity. Combination of patient-tailored immunotherapy and immune checkpoint blockers with conventional cytotoxic agents and androgen receptor-targeted therapies should move the field forward. With a recent adaptation that the application of immune checkpoint inhibitors has been successful in the treatment of more than a dozen solid tumors, including melanoma, lymphoma, liver, cervical, gastrointestinal, and breast cancers, it is a timely endeavor to harness immunotherapy for prostate cancer. Here, we provide an account on the progression of immunotherapy with new discoveries and precision approaches for tumors, in particular CRPC, from mechanistic standpoint to emerging limitations and future directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ha-Ram Cha
- Department of Pathology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama.,McWhorter School of Pharmacy, Samford University, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Joo Hyoung Lee
- Department of Pathology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama.,PharmAbcine Inc., Yuseong-gu Daejeon, Republic of Korea
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44
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Zhao L, Hu H, Gustafsson JÅ, Zhou S. Nuclear Receptors in Cancer Inflammation and Immunity. Trends Immunol 2020; 41:172-185. [PMID: 31982345 DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2019.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2019] [Revised: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Members of the nuclear receptor (NR) superfamily orchestrate cellular processes that can impact on numerous cancer hallmarks. NR activity plays important roles in the tumor microenvironment by controlling inflammation and immune responses. We summarize recent insights into the diverse mechanisms by which NR activity can control tumor inflammation, the roles of different NRs in modulating tumor immunity, and the biological features of immune cells that express specific NRs in the context of cancer. NR-dependent alterations in tumor inflammation and immunity may be amenable to pharmacological manipulation and offer new clues regarding the development of novel cancer therapeutic regimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linjie Zhao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children of the Ministry of Education (MOE), and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Second Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Hongbo Hu
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Jan-Åke Gustafsson
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, Center for Nuclear Receptors and Cell Signaling, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA; Center for Medical Innovation, Department of Biosciences and Nutrition at Novum, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Shengtao Zhou
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children of the Ministry of Education (MOE), and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Second Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center, Chengdu, PR China.
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45
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Pal SK, Moreira D, Won H, White SW, Duttagupta P, Lucia M, Jones J, Hsu J, Kortylewski M. Reduced T-cell Numbers and Elevated Levels of Immunomodulatory Cytokines in Metastatic Prostate Cancer Patients De Novo Resistant to Abiraterone and/or Enzalutamide Therapy. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20081831. [PMID: 31013891 PMCID: PMC6515443 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20081831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2019] [Revised: 04/10/2019] [Accepted: 04/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Currently, there are two Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved drugs for androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) of metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) patients: abiraterone and enzalutamide. However, our understanding of the effect of these therapies on the immune system in mCRPC patients remains limited. Here, we examined how abiraterone and enzalutamide treatment affects levels of soluble immune mediators in plasma and in circulating immune cells of 44 mCRPC patients. We found that the baseline levels of cytokines fibroblast growth factor (FGF), granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), interleukin 10 (IL-10), and IL-6 were significantly lower in ADT-sensitive compared to de novo resistant patients. In addition, resistant patients showed significantly lower T cell frequencies. When comparing the levels of cytokines over the course of treatment, we observed that the levels of proinflammatory mediators, such as interferon-γ (IFN-γ), IL-5, macrophage inflammatory protein 1 alpha (MIP-1α), and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα), were significantly increased in the ADT-sensitive patients. At the same time, the abiraterone/enzalutamide therapy did not reduce the percentage of tolerogenic myeloid cell populations, such as polymorphonuclear myeloid-derived suppressor cells, which retained unaltered expression of programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) and B7-H3. Overall, our results suggest that certain immune markers, such as IL-6 and the frequency of effector T cells, could be predictive of therapeutic response to ADT therapies in mCRPC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumanta K Pal
- Medical Oncology and Experimental Therapeutics; City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA.
| | - Dayson Moreira
- Department of Immuno-Oncology, Beckman Research Institute at City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA.
| | - Haejung Won
- Department of Immuno-Oncology, Beckman Research Institute at City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA.
| | - Seok Woon White
- Department of Immuno-Oncology, Beckman Research Institute at City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA.
| | - Pryanka Duttagupta
- Department of Immuno-Oncology, Beckman Research Institute at City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA.
| | - Marc Lucia
- Department of Immuno-Oncology, Beckman Research Institute at City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA.
| | - Jeremy Jones
- Medical Oncology and Experimental Therapeutics; City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA.
| | - JoAnn Hsu
- Medical Oncology and Experimental Therapeutics; City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA.
| | - Marcin Kortylewski
- Department of Immuno-Oncology, Beckman Research Institute at City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA.
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46
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Vitkin N, Nersesian S, Siemens DR, Koti M. The Tumor Immune Contexture of Prostate Cancer. Front Immunol 2019; 10:603. [PMID: 30984182 PMCID: PMC6447686 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2018] [Accepted: 03/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
One in seven men in North America is expected to be diagnosed with prostate cancer (PCa) during their lifetime (1, 2). While a wide range of treatment options including surgery, radiation, androgen deprivation and chemotherapy have been in practice for the last few decades, there are limited treatment options for metastatic and treatment resistant disease. Immunotherapy targeting T-cell associated immune checkpoints such as CTLA-4, PD-L1, and PD-1 have not yet proven to be efficacious in PCa. Tumor mutational burden, mutations in DNA damage repair genes, immune cell composition and density in combination with their spatial organization, and expression of immune checkpoint proteins are some of the factors influencing the success of immune checkpoint inhibitor therapies. The paucity of these features in PCa potentially makes them unresponsive to contemporary immune checkpoint inhibition. In this review, we highlight the hallmark events in the PCa tumor immune microenvironment and provide insights into the current state of knowledge in this field with a focus on the role of tumor cell intrinsic events that potentially regulate immune related events and determine therapeutic outcomes. We surmise that the cumulative impact of factors such as the pre-treatment immune status, PTEN expression, DNA damage repair gene mutations, and the effects of conventionally used treatments on the anti-tumor immune response should be considered in immunotherapy trial design in PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natasha Vitkin
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Sarah Nersesian
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
- Cancer Biology and Genetics, Queen's Cancer Research Institute, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - David Robert Siemens
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
- Department of Urology, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Madhuri Koti
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
- Cancer Biology and Genetics, Queen's Cancer Research Institute, Kingston, ON, Canada
- Department of Urology, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
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47
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Özdemir BC, Dotto GP. Sex Hormones and Anticancer Immunity. Clin Cancer Res 2019; 25:4603-4610. [PMID: 30890551 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-19-0137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2019] [Revised: 02/22/2019] [Accepted: 03/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The impact of sex hormones on anticancer immunity deserves attention due to the importance of the immune system in cancer therapy and the recognition of sex differences in immunity. Cancer is ultimately the result of failed immune surveillance, and the diverging effects of male and female sex hormones on anticancer immunity could contribute to the higher cancer incidence and poorer outcome in men. Estrogens and androgens affect the number and function of immune cells, an effect that depends on cell type, tumor microenvironment, and the age and reproductive status of the individual. Despite the recent progress in immuno-oncology, our current understanding of the interplay between sex hormones and anticancer immune responses is in its infancy. In this review, we will focus on the impact of sex hormones on anticancer immunity and immunotherapy. We will discuss the potential role of the changing hormone levels in anticancer immunity during aging and in the context of menopausal hormone therapies and oral contraception. We will review emerging data on sex differences in PD-L1 expression and potential biomarkers predictive for the efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors such as the microbiome and consider ongoing clinical trials evaluating the potential impact of hormone deprivation therapies to increase response to immune checkpoint inhibitors in breast and prostate cancer. Finally, we will point to areas of future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Berna C Özdemir
- Department of Oncology, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland. .,International Cancer Prevention Institute, Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Gian-Paolo Dotto
- International Cancer Prevention Institute, Epalinges, Switzerland. .,Department of Biochemistry, University of Lausanne, Epalinges, Switzerland.,Cutaneous Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, Massachusetts
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48
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韩 萍, 杨 选. 胞内染色法检测T细胞活化产生的细胞因子. Bio Protoc 2019. [DOI: 10.21769/bioprotoc.1010314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
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49
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Cheng Y, Tang XY, Li YX, Zhao DD, Cao QH, Wu HX, Yang HB, Hao K, Yang Y. Depression-Induced Neuropeptide Y Secretion Promotes Prostate Cancer Growth by Recruiting Myeloid Cells. Clin Cancer Res 2018; 25:2621-2632. [PMID: 30504424 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-18-2912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2018] [Revised: 11/08/2018] [Accepted: 11/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Psychologic depression has been shown to dysregulate the immune system and promote tumor progression. The aim of this study is to investigate how psychologic depression alters the immune profiles in prostate cancer. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN We used a murine model of depression in Myc-CaP tumor-bearing immunocompetent FVB mice and Hi-myc mice presenting with spontaneous prostate cancer. Transwell migration and coculture assays were used to evaluate myeloid cell trafficking and cytokine profile changes evoked by Myc-CaP cells that had been treated with norepinephrine (NE), a major elevated neurotransmitter in depression. Chemoattractant, which correlated with immune cell infiltration, was screened by RNA-seq. The chemoattractant and immune cell infiltration were further confirmed using clinical samples of patients with prostate cancer with a high score of psychologic depression. RESULTS Psychologic depression predominantly promoted tumor-associated macrophage (TAM) intratumor infiltrations, which resulted from spleen and circulating monocytic myeloid-derived suppressor cell mobilization. Neuropeptide Y (NPY) released from NE-treated Myc-CaP cells promotes macrophage trafficking and IL6 releasing, which activates STAT3 signaling pathway in prostate cancer cells. Clinical specimens from patients with prostate cancer with higher score of depression revealed higher CD68+ TAM infiltration and stronger NPY and IL6 expression. CONCLUSIONS Depression promotes myeloid cell infiltration and increases IL6 levels by a sympathetic-NPY signal. Sympathetic-NPY inhibition may be a promising strategy for patients with prostate cancer with high score of psychologic depression.See related commentary by Mohammadpour et al., p. 2363.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, P.R. China.,Center for New Drug Safety Evaluation and Research, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Xin-Ying Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, P.R. China.,Center for New Drug Safety Evaluation and Research, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Yi-Xuan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, P.R. China.,Center for New Drug Safety Evaluation and Research, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Dan-Dan Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, P.R. China.,Center for New Drug Safety Evaluation and Research, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Qiu-Hua Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, P.R. China.,Center for New Drug Safety Evaluation and Research, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Hong-Xi Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, P.R. China.,Center for New Drug Safety Evaluation and Research, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Hong-Bao Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, P.R. China.,Center for New Drug Safety Evaluation and Research, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Kun Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, P.R. China.,Key Lab of Drug Metabolism & Pharmacokinetics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Yong Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, P.R. China. .,Center for New Drug Safety Evaluation and Research, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, P.R. China
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50
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Clocchiatti A, Ghosh S, Procopio MG, Mazzeo L, Bordignon P, Ostano P, Goruppi S, Bottoni G, Katarkar A, Levesque M, Kölblinger P, Dummer R, Neel V, Özdemir BC, Dotto GP. Androgen receptor functions as transcriptional repressor of cancer-associated fibroblast activation. J Clin Invest 2018; 128:5531-5548. [PMID: 30395538 DOI: 10.1172/jci99159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2017] [Accepted: 09/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The aging-associated increase of cancer risk is linked with stromal fibroblast senescence and concomitant cancer-associated fibroblast (CAF) activation. Surprisingly little is known about the role of androgen receptor (AR) signaling in this context. We have found downmodulated AR expression in dermal fibroblasts underlying premalignant skin cancer lesions (actinic keratoses and dysplastic nevi) as well as in CAFs from the 3 major skin cancer types, squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs), basal cell carcinomas, and melanomas. Functionally, decreased AR expression in primary human dermal fibroblasts (HDFs) from multiple individuals induced early steps of CAF activation, and in an orthotopic skin cancer model, AR loss in HDFs enhanced tumorigenicity of SCC and melanoma cells. Forming a complex, AR converged with CSL/RBP-Jκ in transcriptional repression of key CAF effector genes. AR and CSL were positive determinants of each other's expression, with BET inhibitors, which counteract the effects of decreased CSL, restoring AR expression and activity in CAFs. Increased AR expression in these cells overcame the consequences of CSL loss and was by itself sufficient to block the growth and tumor-enhancing effects of CAFs on neighboring cancer cells. As such, the findings establish AR as a target for stroma-focused cancer chemoprevention and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Clocchiatti
- Cutaneous Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Dermatology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Soumitra Ghosh
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Lausanne, Epalinges, Switzerland
| | | | - Luigi Mazzeo
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Lausanne, Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Pino Bordignon
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Lausanne, Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Paola Ostano
- Cancer Genomics Laboratory, Edo and Elvo Tempia Valenta Foundation, Biella, Italy
| | - Sandro Goruppi
- Cutaneous Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Dermatology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Giulia Bottoni
- Cutaneous Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Atul Katarkar
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Lausanne, Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Mitchell Levesque
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Peter Kölblinger
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland.,Department of Dermatology, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Reinhard Dummer
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Victor Neel
- Department of Dermatology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Berna C Özdemir
- Department of Oncology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, Lausanne, Switzerland.,International Cancer Prevention Institute, Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - G Paolo Dotto
- Cutaneous Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Biochemistry, University of Lausanne, Epalinges, Switzerland.,International Cancer Prevention Institute, Epalinges, Switzerland
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