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Zhang J, Chen J, Lin K. Immunogenic cell death-based oncolytic virus therapy: A sharp sword of tumor immunotherapy. Eur J Pharmacol 2024; 981:176913. [PMID: 39154830 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2024.176913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2024] [Revised: 07/30/2024] [Accepted: 08/15/2024] [Indexed: 08/20/2024]
Abstract
Tumor immunotherapy, especially immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), has been applied in clinical practice, but low response to immune therapies remains a thorny issue. Oncolytic viruses (OVs) are considered promising for cancer treatment because they can selectively target and destroy tumor cells followed by spreading to nearby tumor tissues for a new round of infection. Immunogenic cell death (ICD), which is the major mechanism of OVs' anticancer effects, is induced by endoplasmic reticulum stress and reactive oxygen species overload after virus infection. Subsequent release of specific damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) from different types of tumor cells can transform the tumor microenvironment from "cold" to "hot". In this paper, we broadly define ICD as those types of cell death that is immunogenic, and describe their signaling pathways respectively. Focusing on ICD, we also elucidate the advantages and disadvantages of recent combination therapies and their future prospects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyu Zhang
- The First Clinical College of Wenzhou Medical University, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Jiahe Chen
- The First Clinical College of Wenzhou Medical University, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Kezhi Lin
- Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Cancer-related Pathogens and Immunity, Experiential Center of Basic Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.
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2
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Huang J, Ji L, Si J, Yang X, Luo Y, Zheng X, Ye L, Li Y, Wang S, Ge T, Tong X, Cai Y, Mou X. Platelet membrane-coated oncolytic vaccinia virus with indocyanine green for the second near-infrared imaging guided multi-modal therapy of colorectal cancer. J Colloid Interface Sci 2024; 671:216-231. [PMID: 38801796 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2024.05.175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2024] [Revised: 05/20/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a prevalent malignancy with insidious onset and diagnostic challenges, highlighting the need for therapeutic approaches to enhance theranostic outcomes. In this study, we elucidated the unique temperature-resistant properties of the oncolytic vaccinia virus (OVV), which can synergistically target tumors under photothermal conditions. To capitalize on this characteristic, we harnessed the potential of the OVV by surface-loading it with indocyanine green (ICG) and encapsulating it within a platelet membrane (PLTM), resulting in the creation of PLTM-ICG-OVV (PIOVV). This complex seamlessly integrates virotherapy, photodynamic therapy (PDT), and photothermal therapy (PTT). The morphology, size, dispersion stability, optical properties, and cellular uptake of PIOVV were evaluated using transmission electron microscopy (TEM). In vitro and in vivo experiments revealed specificity of PIOVV for cancer cells; it effectively induced apoptosis and suppressed CT26 cell proliferation. In mouse models, PIOVV exhibits enhanced fluorescence at tumor sites, accompanied by prolonged blood circulation. Under 808 nm laser irradiation, PIOVV significantly inhibited tumor growth. This strategy holds the potential for advancing phototherapy, oncolytic virology, drug delivery, and tumor-specific targeting, particularly in the context of CRC theranostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaqing Huang
- The Fourth School of Clinical Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China; General Surgery, Cancer Center, Department of Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Surgery and Minimally Invasive Surgery, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (Affiliated People's Hospital), Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou 310014, China; Clinical Research Institute, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (Affiliated People's Hospital), Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou 310014, China; Department of Hematology, Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Lichen Ji
- Department of Joint Surgery, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Jingxing Si
- General Surgery, Cancer Center, Department of Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Surgery and Minimally Invasive Surgery, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (Affiliated People's Hospital), Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Xue Yang
- General Surgery, Cancer Center, Department of Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Surgery and Minimally Invasive Surgery, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (Affiliated People's Hospital), Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Yanxi Luo
- Institute of Materia Medica, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou 310059, China
| | - Xiaoyan Zheng
- Department of Laboratory Medicine Department, People's Hospital of Quzhou, Wenzhou Medical University, Quzhou 324002, China
| | - Luyi Ye
- General Surgery, Cancer Center, Department of Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Surgery and Minimally Invasive Surgery, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (Affiliated People's Hospital), Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Yishu Li
- General Surgery, Cancer Center, Department of Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Surgery and Minimally Invasive Surgery, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (Affiliated People's Hospital), Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Shibing Wang
- Cancer Center, Department of Pathology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (Affiliated People's Hospital), Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Tong Ge
- General Surgery, Cancer Center, Department of Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Surgery and Minimally Invasive Surgery, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (Affiliated People's Hospital), Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Xiangmin Tong
- The Fourth School of Clinical Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China; Department of Hematology, Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Hangzhou 310003, China.
| | - Yu Cai
- General Surgery, Cancer Center, Department of Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Surgery and Minimally Invasive Surgery, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (Affiliated People's Hospital), Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou 310014, China; Clinical Research Institute, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (Affiliated People's Hospital), Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou 310014, China.
| | - Xiaozhou Mou
- General Surgery, Cancer Center, Department of Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Surgery and Minimally Invasive Surgery, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (Affiliated People's Hospital), Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou 310014, China; Clinical Research Institute, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (Affiliated People's Hospital), Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou 310014, China.
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3
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Yin Z(S, Wang Z. Strategies for engineering oncolytic viruses to enhance cancer immunotherapy. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1450203. [PMID: 39309012 PMCID: PMC11413971 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1450203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2024] [Accepted: 07/30/2024] [Indexed: 09/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is the predominant form of lung cancer and is characterized by rapid metastasis and high mortality, presenting a challenge for early-stage treatment modalities. The heterogeneity of NSCLC's tumor microenvironment (TME) significantly influences the efficacy of anti-PD-1 immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) therapy, leading to varied patient responses. This review characterized different strains of oncolytic viruses in NSCLC and the different gene edits in pre-existing oncolytic viruses. This study also aimed to provide strategies to enhance anti-PD-1 therapy in NSCLC by engineering oncolytic viruses (OVs). This study offers insights into the genomic adaptations necessary for OVs targeting NSCLC, identify genetic determinants of anti-PD-1 response variability, and propose genomic edits to bolster therapy effectiveness. The primary goal of this study is to present a theoretically designed OV with a detailed genomic framework capable of enhancing the response to anti-PD-1 therapy, thereby advancing the field of cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Zhengfeng Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
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Su X, Li J, Xu X, Ye Y, Wang C, Pang G, Liu W, Liu A, Zhao C, Hao X. Strategies to enhance the therapeutic efficacy of anti-PD-1 antibody, anti-PD-L1 antibody and anti-CTLA-4 antibody in cancer therapy. J Transl Med 2024; 22:751. [PMID: 39123227 PMCID: PMC11316358 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-024-05552-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2024] [Accepted: 07/29/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Although immune checkpoint inhibitors (anti-PD-1 antibody, anti-PD-L1 antibody, and anti-CTLA-4 antibody) have displayed considerable success in the treatment of malignant tumors, the therapeutic effect is still unsatisfactory for a portion of patients. Therefore, it is imperative to develop strategies to enhance the effect of these ICIs. Increasing evidence strongly suggests that the key to this issue is to transform the tumor immune microenvironment from a state of no or low immune infiltration to a state of high immune infiltration and enhance the tumor cell-killing effect of T cells. Therefore, some combination strategies have been proposed and this review appraise a summary of 39 strategies aiming at enhancing the effectiveness of ICIs, which comprise combining 10 clinical approaches and 29 foundational research strategies. Moreover, this review improves the comprehensive understanding of combination therapy with ICIs and inspires novel ideas for tumor immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Su
- The First Clinical Medical College of Gansu University of Chinese Medicine (Gansu Provincial Hospital), Lanzhou, 730000, China
- Department of General Surgery, Gansu Provincial Hospital, No. 204 Donggang West Road, Chengguan District, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Jian Li
- The First Clinical Medical College of Gansu University of Chinese Medicine (Gansu Provincial Hospital), Lanzhou, 730000, China
- Department of General Surgery, Gansu Provincial Hospital, No. 204 Donggang West Road, Chengguan District, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Xiao Xu
- The First Clinical Medical College of Gansu University of Chinese Medicine (Gansu Provincial Hospital), Lanzhou, 730000, China
- Department of General Surgery, Gansu Provincial Hospital, No. 204 Donggang West Road, Chengguan District, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Youbao Ye
- The First Clinical Medical College of Gansu University of Chinese Medicine (Gansu Provincial Hospital), Lanzhou, 730000, China
- Department of General Surgery, Gansu Provincial Hospital, No. 204 Donggang West Road, Chengguan District, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Cailiu Wang
- The First Clinical Medical College of Gansu University of Chinese Medicine (Gansu Provincial Hospital), Lanzhou, 730000, China
- Department of General Surgery, Gansu Provincial Hospital, No. 204 Donggang West Road, Chengguan District, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Guanglong Pang
- The First Clinical Medical College of Gansu University of Chinese Medicine (Gansu Provincial Hospital), Lanzhou, 730000, China
- Department of General Surgery, Gansu Provincial Hospital, No. 204 Donggang West Road, Chengguan District, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Wenxiu Liu
- The First Clinical Medical College of Gansu University of Chinese Medicine (Gansu Provincial Hospital), Lanzhou, 730000, China
- Department of General Surgery, Gansu Provincial Hospital, No. 204 Donggang West Road, Chengguan District, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Ang Liu
- The First Clinical Medical College of Gansu University of Chinese Medicine (Gansu Provincial Hospital), Lanzhou, 730000, China
- Department of General Surgery, Gansu Provincial Hospital, No. 204 Donggang West Road, Chengguan District, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Changchun Zhao
- The First Clinical Medical College of Gansu University of Chinese Medicine (Gansu Provincial Hospital), Lanzhou, 730000, China
- Department of General Surgery, Gansu Provincial Hospital, No. 204 Donggang West Road, Chengguan District, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Xiangyong Hao
- Department of General Surgery, Gansu Provincial Hospital, No. 204 Donggang West Road, Chengguan District, Lanzhou, 730000, China.
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5
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Sui C, Wu H, Li X, Wang Y, Wei J, Yu J, Wu X. Cancer immunotherapy and its facilitation by nanomedicine. Biomark Res 2024; 12:77. [PMID: 39097732 PMCID: PMC11297660 DOI: 10.1186/s40364-024-00625-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2024] [Accepted: 07/22/2024] [Indexed: 08/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Cancer immunotherapy has sparked a wave of cancer research, driven by recent successful proof-of-concept clinical trials. However, barriers are emerging during its rapid development, including broad adverse effects, a lack of reliable biomarkers, tumor relapses, and drug resistance. Integration of nanomedicine may ameliorate current cancer immunotherapy. Ultra-large surface-to-volume ratio, extremely small size, and easy modification surface of nanoparticles enable them to selectively detect cells and kill cancer cells in vivo. Exciting synergistic applications of the two approaches have emerged in treating various cancers at the intersection of cancer immunotherapy and cancer nanomedicine, indicating the potential that the combination of these two therapeutic modalities can lead to new paradigms in the treatment of cancer. This review discusses the status of current immunotherapy and explores the possible opportunities that the nanomedicine platform can make cancer immunotherapy more powerful and precise by synergizing the two approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Sui
- Department of Hematology & Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation, City of Hope National Medical Center, 1500 East Duarte, Los Angeles, CA, 91010, USA
| | - Heqing Wu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Diseases, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, Suzhou, China
- Institute of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Xinxin Li
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Medical Research, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an Shaanxi, 710072, China
| | - Yuhang Wang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Diseases, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, Suzhou, China
- Institute of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Jiaqi Wei
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Diseases, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, Suzhou, China
- Institute of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Jianhua Yu
- Department of Hematology & Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation, City of Hope National Medical Center, 1500 East Duarte, Los Angeles, CA, 91010, USA.
- Hematologic Malignancies Research Institute, City of Hope National Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, 91010, USA.
| | - Xiaojin Wu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.
- National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Diseases, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, Suzhou, China.
- Institute of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, Soochow University, Suzhou, China.
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Chattopadhyay S, Hazra R, Mallick A, Gayen S, Roy S. A review on comprehending immunotherapeutic approaches inducing ferroptosis: Managing tumour immunity. Immunology 2024; 172:547-565. [PMID: 38566448 DOI: 10.1111/imm.13789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Ferroptosis, a necrotic, iron-dependent controlled cell death mechanism, is distinguished by the development of lipid peroxides to fatal proportions. Malignant tumours, influenced by iron to promote fast development, are vulnerable to ferroptosis. Based upon mounting evidence it has been observed that ferroptosis may be immunogenic and hence may complement immunotherapies. A new approach includes iron oxide-loaded nano-vaccines (IONVs), having supremacy for the traits of the tumour microenvironment (TME) to deliver specific antigens through improving the immunostimulatory capacity by molecular disintegration and reversible covalent bonds that target the tumour cells and induce ferroptosis. Apart from IONVs, another newer approach to induce ferroptosis in tumour cells is through oncolytic virus (OVs). One such oncolytic virus is the Newcastle Disease Virus (NDV), which can only multiply in cancer cells through the p53-SLC7A11-GPX4 pathway that leads to elevated levels of lipid peroxide and intracellular reactive oxygen species leading to the induction of ferroptosis that induce ferritinophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soumyadeep Chattopadhyay
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, NSHM Knowledge Campus, Kolkata-Group of Institutions, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Rudradeep Hazra
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, NSHM Knowledge Campus, Kolkata-Group of Institutions, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Arijit Mallick
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, NSHM Knowledge Campus, Kolkata-Group of Institutions, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Sakuntala Gayen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, NSHM Knowledge Campus, Kolkata-Group of Institutions, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Souvik Roy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, NSHM Knowledge Campus, Kolkata-Group of Institutions, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
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7
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Azar F, Deforges J, Demeusoit C, Kleinpeter P, Remy C, Silvestre N, Foloppe J, Fend L, Spring-Giusti C, Quéméneur E, Marchand JB. TG6050, an oncolytic vaccinia virus encoding interleukin-12 and anti-CTLA-4 antibody, favors tumor regression via profound immune remodeling of the tumor microenvironment. J Immunother Cancer 2024; 12:e009302. [PMID: 39060022 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2024-009302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/09/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND TG6050 was designed as an improved oncolytic vector, combining the intrinsic properties of vaccinia virus to selectively replicate in tumors with the tumor-restricted expression of recombinant immune effectors to modify the tumor immune phenotype. These properties might be of particular interest for "cold" tumors, either poorly infiltrated or infiltrated with anergic T cells. METHODS TG6050, an oncolytic vaccinia virus encodes single-chain human interleukin-12 (hIL-12) and full-length anti-cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated antigen-4 (@CTLA-4) monoclonal antibody. The relevant properties of TG6050 (replication, cytopathy, transgenes expression and functionality) were extensively characterized in vitro. The biodistribution and pharmacokinetics of the viral vector, @CTLA-4 and IL-12, as well as antitumoral activities (alone or combined with immune checkpoint inhibitors) were investigated in several "hot" (highly infiltrated) and "cold" (poorly infiltrated) syngeneic murine tumor models. The mechanism of action was deciphered by monitoring both systemic and intratumoral immune responses, and by tumor transcriptome analysis. The safety of TG6050 after repeated intravenous administrations was evaluated in cynomolgus monkeys, with a focus on the level of circulating IL-12. RESULTS Multiplication and propagation of TG6050 in tumor cells in vitro and in vivo were associated with local expression of functional IL-12 and @CTLA-4. This dual mechanism translated into a strong antitumoral activity in both "cold" and "hot" tumor models (B16F10, LLC1 or EMT6, CT26, respectively) that was further amplified when combined with anti-programmed cell death protein-1. Analysis of changes in the tumor microenvironment (TME) after treatment with TG6050 showed increases in interferon-gamma, of CD8+T cells, and of M1/M2 macrophages ratio, as well as a drastic decrease of regulatory T cells. These local modifications were observed alongside bolstering a systemic and specific antitumor adaptive immune response. In toxicology studies, TG6050 did not display any observable adverse effects in cynomolgus monkeys. CONCLUSIONS TG6050 effectively delivers functional IL-12 and @CTLA-4 into the tumor, resulting in strong antitumor activity. The shift towards an inflamed TME correlated with a boost in systemic antitumor T cells. The solid preclinical data and favorable benefit/risk ratio paved the way for the clinical evaluation of TG6050 in metastatic non-small cell lung cancer (NCT05788926 trial in progress).
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Affiliation(s)
- Fadi Azar
- Transgene SA, Illkirch-Graffenstaden, France
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8
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Zhao J, Wang H, Chen J, Wang C, Gong N, Zhou F, Li X, Cao Y, Zhang H, Wang W, Zheng H, Zhang C. An oncolytic HSV-1 armed with Visfatin enhances antitumor effects by remodeling tumor microenvironment against murine pancreatic cancer. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2024; 718:149931. [PMID: 38723415 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2024.149931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2024] [Revised: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/23/2024]
Abstract
Oncolytic viruses (OVs) have shown potential in converting a "cold" tumor into a "hot" one and exhibit effectiveness in various cancer types. However, only a subset of patients respond to oncolytic virotherapy. It is important to understand the resistance mechanisms to OV treatment in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) to engineer oncolytic viruses. In this study, we used transcriptome RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) to identify Visfatin, which was highly expressed in the responsive tumors following OV treatment. To explore the antitumor efficacy, we modified OV-mVisfatin, which effectively inhibited tumor growth. For the first time, we revealed that Visfatin promoted the antitumor efficacy of OV by remodeling the tumor microenvironment, which involved enhancing CD8+ T cell and DC cell infiltration and activation, repolarizing macrophages towards the M1-like phenotype, and decreasing Treg cells using single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) and flow cytometry. Furthermore, PD-1 blockade significantly enhanced OV-mVisfatin antitumor efficacy, offering a promising new therapeutic strategy for PDAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiliang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology and College of Life Science, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Han Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology and College of Life Science, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Jinhua Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology and College of Life Science, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Chunlei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology and College of Life Science, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Nanxin Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology and College of Life Science, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Feilong Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology and College of Life Science, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology and College of Life Science, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Youjia Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology and College of Life Science, Nankai University, Tianjin, China; Nankai International Advanced Research Institute (Shenzhen Futian), Nankai University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Hongkai Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology and College of Life Science, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Shanghai Institute for Advanced Immunochemical Studies, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hao Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology and College of Life Science, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Cuizhu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology and College of Life Science, Nankai University, Tianjin, China; Nankai International Advanced Research Institute (Shenzhen Futian), Nankai University, Shenzhen, China.
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9
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Liu T, Yao W, Sun W, Yuan Y, Liu C, Liu X, Wang X, Jiang H. Components, Formulations, Deliveries, and Combinations of Tumor Vaccines. ACS NANO 2024; 18:18801-18833. [PMID: 38979917 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.4c05065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/10/2024]
Abstract
Tumor vaccines, an important part of immunotherapy, prevent cancer or kill existing tumor cells by activating or restoring the body's own immune system. Currently, various formulations of tumor vaccines have been developed, including cell vaccines, tumor cell membrane vaccines, tumor DNA vaccines, tumor mRNA vaccines, tumor polypeptide vaccines, virus-vectored tumor vaccines, and tumor-in-situ vaccines. There are also multiple delivery systems for tumor vaccines, such as liposomes, cell membrane vesicles, viruses, exosomes, and emulsions. In addition, to decrease the risk of tumor immune escape and immune tolerance that may exist with a single tumor vaccine, combination therapy of tumor vaccines with radiotherapy, chemotherapy, immune checkpoint inhibitors, cytokines, CAR-T therapy, or photoimmunotherapy is an effective strategy. Given the critical role of tumor vaccines in immunotherapy, here, we look back to the history of tumor vaccines, and we discuss the antigens, adjuvants, formulations, delivery systems, mechanisms, combination therapy, and future directions of tumor vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tengfei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Engineering, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biomaterials and Devices, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210096, China
| | - Wenyan Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Engineering, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biomaterials and Devices, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210096, China
| | - Wenyu Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Engineering, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biomaterials and Devices, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210096, China
| | - Yihan Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Engineering, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biomaterials and Devices, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210096, China
| | - Chen Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Engineering, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biomaterials and Devices, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210096, China
| | - Xiaohui Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Engineering, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biomaterials and Devices, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210096, China
| | - Xuemei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Engineering, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biomaterials and Devices, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210096, China
| | - Hui Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Engineering, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biomaterials and Devices, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210096, China
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10
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Yuan Z, Zhang Y, Wang X, Wang X, Ren S, He X, Su J, Zheng A, Guo S, Chen Y, Deng S, Wu X, Li M, Du F, Zhao Y, Shen J, Wang Z, Xiao Z. The investigation of oncolytic viruses in the field of cancer therapy. Front Oncol 2024; 14:1423143. [PMID: 39055561 PMCID: PMC11270537 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2024.1423143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2024] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Oncolytic viruses (OVs) have emerged as a potential strategy for tumor treatment due to their ability to selectively replicate in tumor cells, induce apoptosis, and stimulate immune responses. However, the therapeutic efficacy of single OVs is limited by the complexity and immunosuppressive nature of the tumor microenvironment (TME). To overcome these challenges, engineering OVs has become an important research direction. This review focuses on engineering methods and multi-modal combination therapies for OVs aimed at addressing delivery barriers, viral phagocytosis, and antiviral immunity in tumor therapy. The engineering approaches discussed include enhancing in vivo immune response, improving replication efficiency within the tumor cells, enhancing safety profiles, and improving targeting capabilities. In addition, this review describes the potential mechanisms of OVs combined with radiotherapy, chemotherapy, cell therapy and immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), and summarizes the data of ongoing clinical trials. By continuously optimizing engineering strategies and combination therapy programs, we can achieve improved treatment outcomes and quality of life for cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zijun Yuan
- Gulin Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Luzhou, China
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Yinping Zhang
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Xiang Wang
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Xingyue Wang
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Siqi Ren
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Xinyu He
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Jiahong Su
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Anfu Zheng
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Sipeng Guo
- Research And Experiment Center, Sichuan College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Mianyang, China
| | - Yu Chen
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- Cell Therapy & Cell Drugs of Luzhou Key Laboratory, Luzhou, China
- South Sichuan Institute of Translational Medicine, Luzhou, China
| | - Shuai Deng
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- Cell Therapy & Cell Drugs of Luzhou Key Laboratory, Luzhou, China
- South Sichuan Institute of Translational Medicine, Luzhou, China
| | - Xu Wu
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- Cell Therapy & Cell Drugs of Luzhou Key Laboratory, Luzhou, China
- South Sichuan Institute of Translational Medicine, Luzhou, China
| | - Mingxing Li
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- Cell Therapy & Cell Drugs of Luzhou Key Laboratory, Luzhou, China
- South Sichuan Institute of Translational Medicine, Luzhou, China
| | - Fukuan Du
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- Cell Therapy & Cell Drugs of Luzhou Key Laboratory, Luzhou, China
- South Sichuan Institute of Translational Medicine, Luzhou, China
| | - Yueshui Zhao
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- Cell Therapy & Cell Drugs of Luzhou Key Laboratory, Luzhou, China
- South Sichuan Institute of Translational Medicine, Luzhou, China
| | - Jing Shen
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- Cell Therapy & Cell Drugs of Luzhou Key Laboratory, Luzhou, China
- South Sichuan Institute of Translational Medicine, Luzhou, China
| | - Zechen Wang
- Gulin Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Luzhou, China
| | - Zhangang Xiao
- Gulin Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Luzhou, China
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- Cell Therapy & Cell Drugs of Luzhou Key Laboratory, Luzhou, China
- South Sichuan Institute of Translational Medicine, Luzhou, China
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Sichuan College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Mianyang, China
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11
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Shi X, Sun K, Li L, Xian J, Wang P, Jia F, Xu F. Oncolytic Activity of Sindbis Virus with the Help of GM-CSF in Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:7195. [PMID: 39000311 PMCID: PMC11241666 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25137195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2024] [Revised: 06/24/2024] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma is a refractory tumor with poor prognosis and high mortality. Many oncolytic viruses are currently being investigated for the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma. Based on previous studies, we constructed a recombinant GM-CSF-carrying Sindbis virus, named SINV-GM-CSF, which contains a mutation (G to S) at amino acid 285 in the nsp1 protein of the viral vector. The potential of this mutated vector for liver cancer therapy was verified at the cellular level and in vivo, respectively, and the changes in the tumor microenvironment after treatment were also described. The results showed that the Sindbis virus could effectively infect hepatocellular carcinoma cell lines and induce cell death. Furthermore, the addition of GM-CSF enhanced the tumor-killing effect of the Sindbis virus and increased the number of immune cells in the intra-tumor microenvironment during the treatment. In particular, SINV-GM-CSF was able to efficiently kill tumors in a mouse tumor model of hepatocellular carcinoma by regulating the elevation of M1-type macrophages (which have a tumor-resistant ability) and the decrease in M2-type macrophages (which have a tumor-promoting capacity). Overall, SINV-GM-CSF is an attractive vector platform with clinical potential for use as a safe and effective oncolytic virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangwei Shi
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Viral Vector Technology in Cell and Gene Therapy Medicinal Products, The Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Guangdong Provincial Medical Products Administration, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Viral Vectors for Biomedicine, Shenzhen-Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Key Laboratory of Quality Control Technology for Virus-Based Therapeutics, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Kangyixin Sun
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Viral Vector Technology in Cell and Gene Therapy Medicinal Products, The Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Guangdong Provincial Medical Products Administration, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Viral Vectors for Biomedicine, Shenzhen-Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Key Laboratory of Quality Control Technology for Virus-Based Therapeutics, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Li Li
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Viral Vector Technology in Cell and Gene Therapy Medicinal Products, The Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Guangdong Provincial Medical Products Administration, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Viral Vectors for Biomedicine, Shenzhen-Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Key Laboratory of Quality Control Technology for Virus-Based Therapeutics, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Jingwen Xian
- Shenzhen Institute for Drug Control, Shenzhen 518057, China
| | - Ping Wang
- Shenzhen Institute for Drug Control, Shenzhen 518057, China
| | - Fan Jia
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Viral Vector Technology in Cell and Gene Therapy Medicinal Products, The Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Guangdong Provincial Medical Products Administration, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Viral Vectors for Biomedicine, Shenzhen-Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Key Laboratory of Quality Control Technology for Virus-Based Therapeutics, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Fuqiang Xu
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Viral Vector Technology in Cell and Gene Therapy Medicinal Products, The Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Guangdong Provincial Medical Products Administration, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Viral Vectors for Biomedicine, Shenzhen-Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Key Laboratory of Quality Control Technology for Virus-Based Therapeutics, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
- Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
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Chen Y, Han H, Cheng J, Cheng Q, Zhu S, Zhan P, Liu H, Song Y, Lv T. Efficacy and safety of anti-PD-1/PD-L1-based dual immunotherapies versus PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitor alone in patients with advanced solid tumor: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2024; 73:155. [PMID: 38834888 PMCID: PMC11150353 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-024-03734-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Numerous randomized controlled trials (RCTs) have investigated PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitor-based combination therapies. The debate surrounding the potential additive clinical benefits of combination of two immune-oncology (IO) therapies for cancer patients persists. METHODS Both published and grey sources of randomized clinical trials that compared anti-PD-1/PD-L1-based immunotherapy combinations with monotherapy in patients with advanced or metastatic solid tumors were encompassed. The primary outcome was progression-free survival (PFS), and secondary outcomes included objective response rate (ORR), overall survival (OS) and treatment-related adverse events (TRAEs). RESULTS Our analysis encompassed 31 studies comprising 10,341 patients, which covered 12 distinct immune-oncology combination regimens. Across all patients, the immunotherapy combinations exhibited the capability to enhance the ORR (OR = 1.23 [95% CI 1.13-1.34]) and extend PFS (HR = 0.91 [95% CI 0.87-0.95]). However, the observed enhancement in OS (HR = 0.96 [95% CI 0.91-1.01]) was of no significance. Greater benefits in terms of PFS (HR = 0.82 [95% CI 0.72 to 0.93]) and OS (HR = 0.85 [95% CI 0.73 to 0.99]) may be particularly pronounced in cases where PD-L1 expression is negative. Notably, despite a heightened risk of any-grade TRAEs (OR = 1.72 [95% CI 1.40-2.11]) and grade greater than or equal to 3 TRAEs (OR = 2.01 [95% CI 1.67-2.43]), toxicity was generally manageable. CONCLUSIONS This study suggests that incorporating an additional immunotherapy agent with PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors can elevate the response rate and reduce the risk of disease progression, all while maintaining manageable toxicity. However, there remains a challenge in translating these primary clinical benefits into extended overall survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yueying Chen
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hedong Han
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jing Cheng
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qinpei Cheng
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Suhua Zhu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ping Zhan
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hongbing Liu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yong Song
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Tangfeng Lv
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.
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13
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Cheng Y, Liu Y, Xu D, Zhang D, Yang Y, Miao Y, He S, Xu Q, Li E. An engineered TNFR1-selective human lymphotoxin-alpha mutant delivered by an oncolytic adenovirus for tumor immunotherapy. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2024; 1870:167122. [PMID: 38492783 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2024.167122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Revised: 02/25/2024] [Accepted: 03/10/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024]
Abstract
Lymphotoxin α (LTα) is a soluble factor produced by activated lymphocytes which is cytotoxic to tumor cells. Although a promising candidate in cancer therapy, the application of recombinant LTα has been limited by its instability and toxicity by systemic administration. Secreted LTα interacts with several distinct receptors for its biological activities. Here, we report a TNFR1-selective human LTα mutant (LTα Q107E) with potent antitumor activity. Recombinant LTα Q107E with N-terminal 23 and 27 aa deletion (named LTα Q1 and Q2, respectively) showed selectivity to TNFR1 in both binding and NF-κB pathway activation assays. To test the therapeutic potential, we constructed an oncolytic adenovirus (oAd) harboring LTα Q107E Q2 mutant (named oAdQ2) and assessed the antitumor effect in mouse xenograft models. Intratumoral delivery of oAdQ2 inhibited tumor growth. In addition, oAdQ2 treatment enhanced T cell and IFNγ-positive CD8 T lymphocyte infiltration in a human PBMC reconstituted-SCID mouse xenograft model. This study provides evidence that reengineering of bioactive cytokines with tissue or cell specific properties may potentiate their therapeutic potential of cytokines with multiple receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Medical School, Nanjing University, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Medical School, Nanjing University, China
| | - Yu Liu
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Dongge Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Medical School, Nanjing University, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Medical School, Nanjing University, China
| | - Dan Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Medical School, Nanjing University, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Shanghai Baoyuan Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuqing Miao
- The Affiliated Yancheng First People's Hospital, Medical School, Nanjing University, Yancheng, China
| | - Susu He
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Medical School, Nanjing University, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Medical School, Nanjing University, China; The Affiliated Yancheng First People's Hospital, Medical School, Nanjing University, Yancheng, China
| | - Qing Xu
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China; Department of Medical Oncology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University Cancer Center, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Erguang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Medical School, Nanjing University, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Medical School, Nanjing University, China; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China.
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14
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Lin C, Teng W, Tian Y, Li S, Xia N, Huang C. Immune landscape and response to oncolytic virus-based immunotherapy. Front Med 2024; 18:411-429. [PMID: 38453818 DOI: 10.1007/s11684-023-1048-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
Oncolytic virus (OV)-based immunotherapy has emerged as a promising strategy for cancer treatment, offering a unique potential to selectively target malignant cells while sparing normal tissues. However, the immunosuppressive nature of tumor microenvironment (TME) poses a substantial hurdle to the development of OVs as effective immunotherapeutic agents, as it restricts the activation and recruitment of immune cells. This review elucidates the potential of OV-based immunotherapy in modulating the immune landscape within the TME to overcome immune resistance and enhance antitumor immune responses. We examine the role of OVs in targeting specific immune cell populations, including dendritic cells, T cells, natural killer cells, and macrophages, and their ability to alter the TME by inhibiting angiogenesis and reducing tumor fibrosis. Additionally, we explore strategies to optimize OV-based drug delivery and improve the efficiency of OV-mediated immunotherapy. In conclusion, this review offers a concise and comprehensive synopsis of the current status and future prospects of OV-based immunotherapy, underscoring its remarkable potential as an effective immunotherapeutic agent for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaolong Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Vaccines for Infectious Diseases, Xiang An Biomedicine Laboratory, Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
- National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Wenzhong Teng
- State Key Laboratory of Vaccines for Infectious Diseases, Xiang An Biomedicine Laboratory, Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
- National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Yang Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Vaccines for Infectious Diseases, Xiang An Biomedicine Laboratory, Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
- National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Shaopeng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Vaccines for Infectious Diseases, Xiang An Biomedicine Laboratory, Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
- National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Ningshao Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Vaccines for Infectious Diseases, Xiang An Biomedicine Laboratory, Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China.
- National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China.
| | - Chenghao Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Vaccines for Infectious Diseases, Xiang An Biomedicine Laboratory, Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China.
- National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China.
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15
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Xu Y, Sun X, Tong Y. Interleukin-12 in multimodal tumor therapies for induction of anti-tumor immunity. Discov Oncol 2024; 15:170. [PMID: 38753073 PMCID: PMC11098992 DOI: 10.1007/s12672-024-01011-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Interleukin-12 (IL-12) can be used as an immunomodulator in cancer immunotherapy. And it has demonstrated enormous potential in inhibiting tumor growth and improving the tumor microenvironment (TME) by several preclinical models. However, some disappointing results have showed in the early clinical trials when IL-12 used as a single agent for systemic cancer therapy. Combination therapy is an effective way to significantly fulfill the great potential of IL-12 as an immunomodulator. Here, we discuss the effects of IL-12 combined with traditional methods (chemotherapy, radiotherapy and surgery), targeted therapy or immunotherapy in the preclinical and clinical studies. Moreover, we summarized the potential mechanism underlying the anti-tumor effect of IL-12 in the combination strategies. And we also discussed the delivery methods and tumor-targeted modification of IL-12 and outlines future prospects for IL-12 as an immunomodulator.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulian Xu
- College of Life Sciences, China Jiliang University, 168 Xueyuan Street, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xueli Sun
- College of Life Sciences, China Jiliang University, 168 Xueyuan Street, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yunguang Tong
- College of Life Sciences, China Jiliang University, 168 Xueyuan Street, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
- Omigen, Inc, Hangzhou, 310018, Zhejiang, China.
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Zhong Z, Deng W, Wu J, Shang H, Tong Y, He Y, Huang Q, Ba X, Chen Z, Tang K. Cell membrane coated nanoparticles as a biomimetic drug delivery platform for enhancing cancer immunotherapy. NANOSCALE 2024; 16:8708-8738. [PMID: 38634521 DOI: 10.1039/d4nr00284a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
Cancer immunotherapy, a burgeoning modality for cancer treatment, operates by activating the autoimmune system to impede the growth of malignant cells. Although numerous immunotherapy strategies have been employed in clinical cancer therapy, the resistance of cancer cells to immunotherapeutic medications and other apprehensions impede the attainment of sustained advantages for most patients. Recent advancements in nanotechnology for drug delivery hold promise in augmenting the efficacy of immunotherapy. However, the efficacy is currently constrained by the inadequate specificity of delivery, low rate of response, and the intricate immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment. In this context, the investigation of cell membrane coated nanoparticles (CMNPs) has revealed their ability to perform targeted delivery, immune evasion, controlled release, and immunomodulation. By combining the advantageous features of natural cell membranes and nanoparticles, CMNPs have demonstrated their unique potential in the realm of cancer immunotherapy. This review aims to emphasize recent research progress and elucidate the underlying mechanisms of CMNPs as an innovative drug delivery platform for enhancing cancer immunotherapy. Additionally, it provides a comprehensive overview of the current immunotherapeutic strategies involving different cell membrane types of CMNPs, with the intention of further exploration and optimization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zichen Zhong
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji medical college, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, China.
| | - Wen Deng
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji medical college, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, China.
| | - Jian Wu
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji medical college, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, China.
| | - Haojie Shang
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji medical college, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, China.
| | - Yonghua Tong
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji medical college, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, China.
| | - Yu He
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji medical college, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, China.
| | - Qiu Huang
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji medical college, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, China.
| | - Xiaozhuo Ba
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji medical college, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, China.
| | - Zhiqiang Chen
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji medical college, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, China.
| | - Kun Tang
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji medical college, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, China.
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17
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Guo Y, Pan Y, Wan J, Gong B, Li Y, Kan X, Zheng C. Prognosis stratification of cancer patients treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors through lung immune prognostic index: a meta-analysis and systematic review. BMC Cancer 2024; 24:523. [PMID: 38664760 PMCID: PMC11047037 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-024-12271-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although numerous studies have reported the prognostic value of the lung immune prognostic index (LIPI) in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), the prognostic value of the LIPI in a pancancer setting remains unclear. METHODS A comprehensive search was conducted until July 2023 across the PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library databases to identify relevant studies evaluating the prognostic value of the LIPI in cancer patients treated with ICIs. The outcomes were overall survival (OS), progression-free survival (PFS), objective response rate (ORR), and disease control rate (DCR). We described and compared the pooled outcomes by stratifying the patients based on different groupings of LIPI (good vs. intermediate [0 vs. 1], good vs. poor [0 vs. 2], and good vs. intermediate / poor [0 vs. 1 + 2]). RESULTS A total of 9959 patients in 35 studies were included. A higher score of LIPI was associated with impaired OS. The pooled HRs were 1.69 (95% CI: 1.55-1.85, p < 0.001; 0 vs. 1), 3.03 (95% CI: 2.53-3.63, p < 0.001; 0 vs. 2), and 2.38 (95% CI: 1.97-2.88, p < 0.001; 0 vs. 1 + 2). A higher LIPI score was associated with shorter PFS. The pooled HRs were 1.41 (95% CI: 1.31-1.52, p < 0.001; 0 vs. 1), 2.23 (95% CI: 1.87-2.66, p < 0.001; 0 vs. 2), and 1.65 (95% CI: 1.46-1.86, p < 0.001; 0 vs. 1 + 2). Similarly, a higher LIPI score was associated with a lower ORR. The pooled ORs were 0.63 (95% CI: 0.54-0.75, p < 0.001; 0 vs. 1) and 0.38 (95% CI: 0.29-0.50, p < 0.001; 0 vs. 2). A higher LIPI score was associated with a lower DCR. The pooled ORs were 0.47 (95% CI: 0.35-0.61, p < 0.001; 0 vs. 1) and 0.19 (95% CI: 0.12-0.30, p < 0.001; 0 vs. 2). CONCLUSION In patients with NSCLC or other solid tumours, the lung immune prognostic index could robustly stratify the clinical outcomes into three groups among the patients who receive ICIs. LIPI is a low-cost, simple, accessible, and accurate prognostic tool in a pancancer setting and it may contribute to the evaluation of risk stratification in patients treated with ICIs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusheng Guo
- Department of Radiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430022, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, 430022, Wuhan, China
| | - Yao Pan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, 362000, Quanzhou, China
| | - Jiayu Wan
- Department of Radiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430022, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, 430022, Wuhan, China
| | - Bingxin Gong
- Department of Radiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430022, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, 430022, Wuhan, China
| | - Yi Li
- Department of Radiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430022, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, 430022, Wuhan, China
| | - Xuefeng Kan
- Department of Radiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430022, Wuhan, China.
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, 430022, Wuhan, China.
| | - Chuansheng Zheng
- Department of Radiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430022, Wuhan, China.
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, 430022, Wuhan, China.
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Park J, Park SA, Kim YS, Kim D, Shin S, Lee SH, Jeun SS, Chung YJ, Ahn S. Intratumoral IL-12 delivery via mesenchymal stem cells combined with PD-1 blockade leads to long-term antitumor immunity in a mouse glioblastoma model. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 173:115790. [PMID: 38431436 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Revised: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although PD-1 blockade is effective for treating several types of cancer, the efficacy of this agent in glioblastoma is largely limited. To overcome non-responders and the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment, combinational immunotherapeutic strategies with anti-PD-1 need to be considered. Here, we developed IL-12-secreting mesenchymal stem cells (MSC_IL-12) with glioblastoma tropism and evaluated the therapeutic effects of anti-PD-1, MSC_IL-12, and their combination against glioblastoma. METHODS Therapeutic responses were evaluated using an immunocompetent mouse orthotopic model. Tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) were analyzed using immunofluorescent imaging. Single-cell transcriptome was obtained from mouse brains after treatments. RESULTS Anti-PD-1 and MSC_IL-12 showed complete tumor remission in 25.0% (4/16) and 23.1% (3/13) of glioblastoma-implanted mice, respectively, and their combination yielded synergistic antitumor efficacy indicated by 50.0% (6/12) of complete tumor remission. Analyses of TILs revealed that anti-PD-1 increased CD8+ T cells, while MSC_IL-12 led to infiltration of CD4+ T cells and NK cells. Both therapies reduced frequencies of Tregs. All these aspects observed in each monotherapy group were superimposed in the combination group. Notably, no tumor growth was observed upon rechallenge in cured mice, indicating long-term immunity against glioblastoma provoked by the therapies. Single-cell RNA-seq data confirmed these results and revealed that the combined treatment led to immune-favorable tumor microenvironment-CD4+, CD8+ T cells, effector memory T cells, and activated microglia were increased, whereas exhausted T cells, Tregs, and M2 polarized microglia were reduced. CONCLUSION Anti-PD-1 and MSC_IL-12 monotherapies show long-term therapeutic responses, and their combination further enhances antitumor efficacy against glioblastoma via inducing immune-favorable tumor microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junseong Park
- Precision Medicine Research Center, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Cancer Evolution Research Center, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Soon A Park
- Department of Bio medicine & Health Sciences, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Neurosurgery, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon-Seob Kim
- Precision Medicine Research Center, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Dokyeong Kim
- Precision Medicine Research Center, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Bio medicine & Health Sciences, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun Shin
- Precision Medicine Research Center, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sug Hyung Lee
- Cancer Evolution Research Center, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sin-Soo Jeun
- Department of Neurosurgery, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeun-Jun Chung
- Precision Medicine Research Center, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Bio medicine & Health Sciences, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Stephen Ahn
- Department of Neurosurgery, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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19
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Fu C, Zhang X, Zhang X, Wang D, Han S, Ma Z. Advances in IL-7 Research on Tumour Therapy. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2024; 17:415. [PMID: 38675377 PMCID: PMC11054630 DOI: 10.3390/ph17040415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Interleukin-7 (IL-7) is a versatile cytokine that plays a crucial role in regulating the immune system's homeostasis. It is involved in the development, proliferation, and differentiation of B and T cells, as well as being essential for the differentiation and survival of naïve T cells and the production and maintenance of memory T cells. Given its potent biological functions, IL-7 is considered to have the potential to be widely used in the field of anti-tumour immunotherapy. Notably, IL-7 can improve the tumour microenvironment by promoting the development of Th17 cells, which can in turn promote the recruitment of effector T cells and NK cells. In addition, IL-7 can also down-regulate the expression of tumour growth factor-β and inhibit immunosuppression to promote anti-tumour efficacy, suggesting potential clinical applications for anti-tumour immunotherapy. This review aims to discuss the origin of IL-7 and its receptor IL-7R, its anti-tumour mechanism, and the recent advances in the application of IL-7 in tumour therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Zhenghai Ma
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Genetic Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830046, China; (C.F.); (X.Z.); (X.Z.); (D.W.); (S.H.)
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20
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Kurokawa C, Agrawal S, Mitra A, Galvani E, Burke S, Varshine A, Rothstein R, Schifferli K, Monks NR, Foloppe J, Silvestre N, Quemeneur E, Demeusoit C, Kleinpeter P, Sapra P, Barrett C, Hammond SA, Kelly EJ, Laliberte J, Durham NM, Oberst M, Broggi MA. Mediation of antitumor activity by AZD4820 oncolytic vaccinia virus encoding IL-12. MOLECULAR THERAPY. ONCOLOGY 2024; 32:200758. [PMID: 38596304 PMCID: PMC10869731 DOI: 10.1016/j.omton.2023.200758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Revised: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
Oncolytic viruses are engineered to selectively kill tumor cells and have demonstrated promising results in early-phase clinical trials. To further modulate the innate and adaptive immune system, we generated AZD4820, a vaccinia virus engineered to express interleukin-12 (IL-12), a potent cytokine involved in the activation of natural killer (NK) and T cells and the reprogramming of the tumor immune microenvironment. Testing in cultured human tumor cell lines demonstrated broad in vitro oncolytic activity and IL-12 transgene expression. A surrogate virus expressing murine IL-12 demonstrated antitumor activity in both MC38 and CT26 mouse syngeneic tumor models that responded poorly to immune checkpoint inhibition. In both models, AZD4820 significantly upregulated interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) relative to control mice treated with oncolytic vaccinia virus (VACV)-luciferase. In the CT26 study, 6 of 10 mice had a complete response after treatment with AZD4820 murine surrogate, whereas control VACV-luciferase-treated mice had 0 of 10 complete responders. AZD4820 treatment combined with anti-PD-L1 blocking antibody augmented tumor-specific T cell immunity relative to monotherapies. These findings suggest that vaccinia virus delivery of IL-12, combined with immune checkpoint blockade, elicits antitumor immunity in tumors that respond poorly to immune checkpoint inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheyne Kurokawa
- Virology and Vaccine Discovery, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
| | - Sonia Agrawal
- Translational Medicine, Oncology R&D, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
| | - Abhisek Mitra
- Biologics Engineering and Targeted Delivery, Oncology R&D, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
| | - Elena Galvani
- Biologics Engineering and Targeted Delivery, Oncology R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
| | - Shannon Burke
- Biologics Engineering and Targeted Delivery, Oncology R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
| | - Ankita Varshine
- Biologics Engineering and Targeted Delivery, Oncology R&D, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
| | - Raymond Rothstein
- Biologics Engineering and Targeted Delivery, Oncology R&D, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
| | - Kevin Schifferli
- Biologics Engineering and Targeted Delivery, Oncology R&D, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
| | - Noel R. Monks
- Biologics Engineering and Targeted Delivery, Oncology R&D, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
| | - Johann Foloppe
- Department of Research, Transgene SA, Illkirch-Graffenstaden, France
| | | | - Eric Quemeneur
- Department of Research, Transgene SA, Illkirch-Graffenstaden, France
| | | | | | - Puja Sapra
- Biologics Engineering and Targeted Delivery, Oncology R&D, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
| | - Carl Barrett
- Translational Medicine, Oncology R&D, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
| | - Scott A. Hammond
- Biologics Engineering and Targeted Delivery, Oncology R&D, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
| | - Elizabeth J. Kelly
- Clinical Virology, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
| | - Jason Laliberte
- Virology and Vaccine Discovery, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
| | - Nicholas M. Durham
- Translational Medicine, Oncology R&D, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
| | - Michael Oberst
- Biologics Engineering and Targeted Delivery, Oncology R&D, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
| | - Maria A.S. Broggi
- Translational Medicine, Oncology R&D, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
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21
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Chowaniec H, Ślubowska A, Mroczek M, Borowczyk M, Braszka M, Dworacki G, Dobosz P, Wichtowski M. New hopes for the breast cancer treatment: perspectives on the oncolytic virus therapy. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1375433. [PMID: 38576614 PMCID: PMC10991781 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1375433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Oncolytic virus (OV) therapy has emerged as a promising frontier in cancer treatment, especially for solid tumours. While immunotherapies like immune checkpoint inhibitors and CAR-T cells have demonstrated impressive results, their limitations in inducing complete tumour regression have spurred researchers to explore new approaches targeting tumours resistant to current immunotherapies. OVs, both natural and genetically engineered, selectively replicate within cancer cells, inducing their lysis while sparing normal tissues. Recent advancements in clinical research and genetic engineering have enabled the development of targeted viruses that modify the tumour microenvironment, triggering anti-tumour immune responses and exhibiting synergistic effects with other cancer therapies. Several OVs have been studied for breast cancer treatment, including adenovirus, protoparvovirus, vaccinia virus, reovirus, and herpes simplex virus type I (HSV-1). These viruses have been modified or engineered to enhance their tumour-selective replication, reduce toxicity, and improve oncolytic properties.Newer generations of OVs, such as Oncoviron and Delta-24-RGD adenovirus, exhibit heightened replication selectivity and enhanced anticancer effects, particularly in breast cancer models. Clinical trials have explored the efficacy and safety of various OVs in treating different cancers, including melanoma, nasopharyngeal carcinoma, head and neck cancer, and gynecologic malignancies. Notably, Talimogene laherparepvec (T-VEC) and Oncorine have. been approved for advanced melanoma and nasopharyngeal carcinoma, respectively. However, adverse effects have been reported in some cases, including flu-like symptoms and rare instances of severe complications such as fistula formation. Although no OV has been approved specifically for breast cancer treatment, ongoing preclinical clinical trials focus on four groups of viruses. While mild adverse effects like low-grade fever and nausea have been observed, the effectiveness of OV monotherapy in breast cancer remains insufficient. Combination strategies integrating OVs with chemotherapy, radiotherapy, or immunotherapy, show promise in improving therapeutic outcomes. Oncolytic virus therapy holds substantial potential in breast cancer treatment, demonstrating safety in trials. Multi-approach strategies combining OVs with conventional therapies exhibit more promising therapeutic effects than monotherapy, signalling a hopeful future for OV-based breast cancer treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanna Chowaniec
- Department of Immunology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Antonina Ślubowska
- Department of Biostatistics and Research Methodology, Faculty of Medicine, Collegium Medicum, Cardinal Stefan Wyszynski University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Magdalena Mroczek
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Basel, Univeristy of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Martyna Borowczyk
- Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Internal Medicine, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Braszka
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, University College London Medical School, London, United Kingdom
| | - Grzegorz Dworacki
- Department of Immunology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
- Chair of Patomorphology and Clinical Immunology, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Paula Dobosz
- University Centre of Cancer Diagnostics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
- Institute of Genetics and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Mateusz Wichtowski
- Surgical Oncology Clinic, Institute of Oncology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
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22
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Mirbahari SN, Da Silva M, Zúñiga AIM, Kooshki Zamani N, St-Laurent G, Totonchi M, Azad T. Recent progress in combination therapy of oncolytic vaccinia virus. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1272351. [PMID: 38558795 PMCID: PMC10979700 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1272351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
In recent years, oncolytic viruses have emerged as promising agents for treating various cancers. An oncolytic virus is a non-pathogenic virus that, due to genetic manipulation, tends to replicate in and cause lysis of cancerous cells while leaving healthy cells unaffected. Among these viruses, vaccinia virus is an attractive platform for use as an oncolytic platform due to its 190 Kb genome with a high capacity for encoding therapeutic payloads. Combining oncolytic VV therapy with other conventional cancer treatments has been shown to be synergistic and more effective than monotherapies. Additionally, OVV can be used as a vector to deliver therapeutic payloads, alone or in combination with other treatments, to increase overall efficacy. Here, we present a comprehensive analysis of preclinical and clinical studies that have evaluated the efficacy of oncolytic vaccinia viruses in cancer immunotherapy. We discuss the outcomes of these studies, including tumor regression rates, overall survival benefits, and long-term responses. Moreover, we provide insights into the challenges and limitations associated with oncolytic vaccinia virus- based therapies, including immune evasion mechanisms, potential toxicities, and the development of resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyedeh Nasim Mirbahari
- Faculty of Sciences and Advanced Technologies in Biology, University of Science and Culture, Academic Center for Education, Culture and Research (ACECR), Tehran, Iran
- Department of Genetics, Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Reproductive Biomedicine, Academic Center for Education, Culture and Research (ACECR), Tehran, Iran
| | - Miles Da Silva
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of British Colombia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Abril Ixchel Muñoz Zúñiga
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
- Centre de Recherche du CHUS, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Nika Kooshki Zamani
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
- Centre de Recherche du CHUS, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Gabriel St-Laurent
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
- Centre de Recherche du CHUS, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Mehdi Totonchi
- Department of Genetics, Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Reproductive Biomedicine, Academic Center for Education, Culture and Research (ACECR), Tehran, Iran
| | - Taha Azad
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
- Centre de Recherche du CHUS, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
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23
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Kann MC, Schneider EM, Almazan AJ, Lane IC, Bouffard AA, Supper VM, Takei HN, Tepper A, Leick MB, Larson RC, Ebert BL, Maus MV, Jan M. Chemical genetic control of cytokine signaling in CAR-T cells using lenalidomide-controlled membrane-bound degradable IL-7. Leukemia 2024; 38:590-600. [PMID: 38123696 DOI: 10.1038/s41375-023-02113-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Revised: 11/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
CAR-T cell therapy has emerged as a breakthrough therapy for the treatment of relapsed and refractory hematologic malignancies. However, insufficient CAR-T cell expansion and persistence is a leading cause of treatment failure. Exogenous or transgenic cytokines have great potential to enhance CAR-T cell potency but pose the risk of exacerbating toxicities. Here we present a chemical-genetic system for spatiotemporal control of cytokine function gated by the off-patent anti-cancer molecular glue degrader drug lenalidomide and its analogs. When co-delivered with a CAR, a membrane-bound, lenalidomide-degradable IL-7 fusion protein enforced a clinically favorable T cell phenotype, enhanced antigen-dependent proliferative capacity, and enhanced in vivo tumor control. Furthermore, cyclical pharmacologic combined control of CAR and cytokine abundance enabled the deployment of highly active, IL-7-augmented CAR-T cells in a dual model of antitumor potency and T cell hyperproliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael C Kann
- Cellular Immunotherapy Program, Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Emily M Schneider
- Cellular Immunotherapy Program, Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Antonio J Almazan
- Cellular Immunotherapy Program, Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Isabel C Lane
- Cellular Immunotherapy Program, Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Amanda A Bouffard
- Cellular Immunotherapy Program, Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Valentina M Supper
- Cellular Immunotherapy Program, Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Hana N Takei
- Cellular Immunotherapy Program, Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Alexander Tepper
- Cancer Program, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Mark B Leick
- Cellular Immunotherapy Program, Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Blood and Bone Marrow Transplant Program, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Rebecca C Larson
- Cellular Immunotherapy Program, Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Benjamin L Ebert
- Cancer Program, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Marcela V Maus
- Cellular Immunotherapy Program, Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
- Cancer Program, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA.
| | - Max Jan
- Cellular Immunotherapy Program, Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Cancer Program, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
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24
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Shaha S, Rodrigues D, Mitragotri S. Locoregional drug delivery for cancer therapy: Preclinical progress and clinical translation. J Control Release 2024; 367:737-767. [PMID: 38325716 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2024.01.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
Systemic drug delivery is the current clinically preferred route for cancer therapy. However, challenges associated with tumor localization and off-tumor toxic effects limit the clinical effectiveness of this route. Locoregional drug delivery is an emerging viable alternative to systemic therapies. With the improvement in real-time imaging technologies and tools for direct access to tumor lesions, the clinical applicability of locoregional drug delivery is becoming more prominent. Theoretically, locoregional treatments can bypass challenges faced by systemic drug delivery. Preclinically, locoregional delivery of drugs has demonstrated enhanced therapeutic efficacy with limited off-target effects while still yielding an abscopal effect. Clinically, an array of locoregional strategies is under investigation for the delivery of drugs ranging in target and size. Locoregional tumor treatment strategies can be classified into two main categories: 1) direct drug infusion via injection or implanted port and 2) extended drug elution via injected or implanted depot. The number of studies investigating locoregional drug delivery strategies for cancer treatment is rising exponentially, in both preclinical and clinical settings, with some approaches approved for clinical use. Here, we highlight key preclinical advances and the clinical relevance of such locoregional delivery strategies in the treatment of cancer. Furthermore, we critically analyze 949 clinical trials involving locoregional drug delivery and discuss emerging trends.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suyog Shaha
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Allston, MA 02134, USA; Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Danika Rodrigues
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Allston, MA 02134, USA; Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Samir Mitragotri
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Allston, MA 02134, USA; Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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25
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Wei W, Tian L, Zheng X, Zhong L, Chen Y, Dong H, Zhang G, Wang S, Tong X. Expression of GPX4 by oncolytic vaccinia virus can significantly enhance CD8 +T cell function and its impact against pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Oncoimmunology 2024; 13:2322173. [PMID: 38419758 PMCID: PMC10900272 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2024.2322173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is currently difficult to treat, even when therapies are combined with immune checkpoint blockade (ICB). A novel strategy for immunotherapy would be to maximize the therapeutic potential of oncolytic viruses (OVs), which have been proven to engage the regulation of tumor microenvironment (TME) and cause-specific T-cell responses. To boost tumor sensitivity to ICB therapy, this study aimed to investigate how glutathione peroxide 4 (GPX4)-loaded OVs affect CD8+ T cells and repair the immunosuppressive environment. Here, we successfully constructed a novel recombinant oncolytic vaccinia virus (OVV) encoding the mouse GPX4 gene. We found the OVV-GPX4 effectively replicated in tumor cells and prompted the expression of GPX4 in T cells. Our research indicated that OVV-GPX4 could reshape the TME, rectify the depletion of CD8+T cells, and enhance the antitumor effects of ICB therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wei
- Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital Affiliated People’s Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Postgraduate Training Base of Jinzhou Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Linqing Tian
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Xiaoyan Zheng
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Quzhou Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Quzhou People’s Hospital, Quzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lei Zhong
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Tongxiang Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Tongxiang, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yuan Chen
- Department of Pathology, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital Affiliated People’s Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Hui Dong
- Department of Stomatology, Punan Hospital of Pudong New District, Shanghai, China
| | - Guibing Zhang
- Department of Hematology, Hangzhou Fuyang First People’s Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shibing Wang
- Cancer Center, Department of Pathology, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital Affiliated People’s Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiangmin Tong
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Oncology and Intelligent Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Department of Clinical Research Center, Affiliated Hangzhou First People’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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26
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Zhang Q, Na J, Liu X, He J. Exploration of the Delivery of Oncolytic Newcastle Disease Virus by Gelatin Methacryloyl Microneedles. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2353. [PMID: 38397030 PMCID: PMC10888545 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25042353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Oncolytic Newcastle disease virus is a new type of cancer immunotherapy drug. This paper proposes a scheme for delivering oncolytic viruses using hydrogel microneedles. Gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA) was synthesized by chemical grafting, and GelMA microneedles encapsulating oncolytic Newcastle disease virus (NDV) were prepared by micro-molding and photocrosslinking. The release and expression of NDV were tested by immunofluorescence and hemagglutination experiments. The experiments proved that GelMA was successfully synthesized and had hydrogel characteristics. NDV was evenly dispersed in the allantoic fluid without agglomeration, showing a characteristic virus morphology. NDV particle size was 257.4 ± 1.4 nm, zeta potential was -13.8 ± 0.5 mV, virus titer TCID50 was 107.5/mL, and PFU was 2 × 107/mL, which had a selective killing effect on human liver cancer cells in a dose and time-dependent manner. The NDV@GelMA microneedles were arranged in an orderly cone array, with uniform height and complete needle shape. The distribution of virus-like particles was observed on the surface. GelMA microneedles could successfully penetrate 5% agarose gel and nude mouse skin. Optimal preparation conditions were freeze-drying. We successfully prepared GelMA hydrogel microneedles containing NDV, which could effectively encapsulate NDV but did not detect the release of NDV.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Xiyu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Targeting Oncology, National Center for International Research of Bio-Targeting Theranostics, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Bio-Targeting Theranostics, Collaborative Innovation Center for Targeting Tumor Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China; (Q.Z.); (J.N.)
| | - Jian He
- State Key Laboratory of Targeting Oncology, National Center for International Research of Bio-Targeting Theranostics, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Bio-Targeting Theranostics, Collaborative Innovation Center for Targeting Tumor Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China; (Q.Z.); (J.N.)
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27
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Park JH, Lee SW, Choi D, Lee C, Sung YC. Harnessing the Power of IL-7 to Boost T Cell Immunity in Experimental and Clinical Immunotherapies. Immune Netw 2024; 24:e9. [PMID: 38455462 PMCID: PMC10917577 DOI: 10.4110/in.2024.24.e9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024] Open
Abstract
The cytokine IL-7 plays critical and nonredundant roles in T cell immunity so that the abundance and availability of IL-7 act as key regulatory mechanisms in T cell immunity. Importantly, IL-7 is not produced by T cells themselves but primarily by non-lymphoid lineage stromal cells and epithelial cells that are limited in their numbers. Thus, T cells depend on cell extrinsic IL-7, and the amount of in vivo IL-7 is considered a major factor in maximizing and maintaining the number of T cells in peripheral tissues. Moreover, IL-7 provides metabolic cues and promotes the survival of both naïve and memory T cells. Thus, IL-7 is also essential for the functional fitness of T cells. In this regard, there has been an extensive effort trying to increase the protein abundance of IL-7 in vivo, with the aim to augment T cell immunity and harness T cell functions in anti-tumor responses. Such approaches started under experimental animal models, but they recently culminated into clinical studies, with striking effects in re-establishing T cell immunity in immunocompromised patients, as well as boosting anti-tumor effects. Depending on the design, glycosylation, and the structure of recombinantly engineered IL-7 proteins and their mimetics, recombinant IL-7 molecules have shown dramatic differences in their stability, efficacy, cellular effects, and overall immune functions. The current review is aimed to summarize the past and present efforts in the field that led to clinical trials, and to highlight the therapeutical significance of IL-7 biology as a master regulator of T cell immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung-Hyun Park
- Experimental Immunology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Seung-Woo Lee
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 37673, Korea
| | - Donghoon Choi
- Research Institute of NeoImmune Tech., Co, Ltd., Bio Open Innovation Center, Pohang 37666, Korea
| | - Changhyung Lee
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 37673, Korea
| | - Young Chul Sung
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 37673, Korea
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Xu JH, Zhang CX, Cang AJ, Yan R, Liu SW, Liu R, Zou NJ, Wang SN, Xu H, Li LS. Anti-Melanoma Activity of Single Intratumoral Injection of ZnPc Micelles Mixed With in situ Gel in B16 Bearing Mouse. J Pharm Sci 2024; 113:463-470. [PMID: 37852536 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2023.10.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023]
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a potential treatment strategy for melanoma. As a second-generation photosensitizer, Zinc phthalocyanine (ZnPc) has many advantages for anti-tumor PDTs, such as strong absorption in the red and near infrared regions, high photo and chemical stability, etc. However, ZnPc has a poor water solubility and is apt to aggregate due to the π-π interaction between molecules, which limits its applications. In this study, various solvents and surfactants were screened for dissolving ZnPc and preparing ZnPc@SDC-TPGS micelle and thermosensitive in situ gel. After the cytotoxic effects of thermosensitive gels on PDT were tested, the antitumor effects on PDT of them in mice by intratumoral injection were evaluated, including body weight, and tumor weight, volume and morphology. The cell death pathway and the relationship of reactive oxygen species yield with apoptotic rate of tumor cells induced by ZnPc in situ gel were investigated. The results were that N-methyl-pyrrolidone (NMP) mixed with 2 % SDC and aqueous solution containing 2 % TPGS and 2 % SDC were used to synthesize ZnPc@SDC-TPGS micelle and the thermosensitive in situ gel. The cytotoxic effects of thermosensitive gels showed good tumor suppression of ZnPc@SDC-TPGS in situ gel and no toxicity of the blank gel. Intratumoral injection in situ gel containing 3 µg ZnPc under irradiation demonstrated good tumor inhibition in mice with melanoma. Apoptosis has been established as the primary pathway of cell death, and the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) plays a crucial role in cellular apoptosis induced by ZnPc@SDC-TPGS in situ gel. In conclusion, the intratumoral injection of ZnPc@SDC-TPGS thermosensitive in situ gel provides a promising local treatment option for melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Hua Xu
- School of Life Science and Biopharmaceutics, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, No. 26 Huatuo Road, Benxi 117004, China
| | - Chun-Xue Zhang
- School of Life Science and Biopharmaceutics, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, No. 26 Huatuo Road, Benxi 117004, China
| | - Ai-Jun Cang
- Department of Pharmacy, The People's Hospital of Liaoning Province, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Ran Yan
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, No. 26 Huatuo Road, Benxi 117004, China
| | - Shi-Wen Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, No. 26 Huatuo Road, Benxi 117004, China
| | - Rui Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, No. 26 Huatuo Road, Benxi 117004, China
| | - Nv-Jie Zou
- School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, No. 26 Huatuo Road, Benxi 117004, China
| | - Shao-Ning Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, No. 26 Huatuo Road, Benxi 117004, China
| | - Hui Xu
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, No. 26 Huatuo Road, Benxi 117004, China
| | - Lin-Sen Li
- School of International Education, Shenyang Medical College, No. 146 Huanghe North Street, Shenyang 110034, China.
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Nakatake M, Kurosaki H, Nakamura T. Histone deacetylase inhibitor boosts anticancer potential of fusogenic oncolytic vaccinia virus by enhancing cell-cell fusion. Cancer Sci 2024; 115:600-610. [PMID: 38037288 PMCID: PMC10859623 DOI: 10.1111/cas.16032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2023] [Revised: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Oncolytic viruses have two anticancer functions: direct oncolysis and elicitation of antitumor immunity. We previously developed a novel fusogenic oncolytic vaccinia virus (FUVAC) from a non-fusogenic vaccinia virus (VV) and, by remodeling the tumor immune microenvironment, we demonstrated that FUVAC induced stronger oncolysis and antitumor immune responses compared with non-fusogenic VV. These functions depend strongly on cell-cell fusion induction. However, FUVAC tends to have decreased fusion activity in cells with low virus replication efficacy. Therefore, another combination strategy was required to increase cell-cell fusion in these cells. Histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors suppress the host virus defense response and promote viral replication. Therefore, in this study, we selected an HDAC inhibitor, trichostatin A (TSA), as the combination agent for FUVAC to enhance its fusion-based antitumor potential. TSA was added prior to FUVAC treatment of murine tumor B16-F10 and CT26 cells. TSA increased the replication of both FUVAC and parental non-fusogenic VV. Moreover, TSA enhanced cell-cell fusion and FUVAC cytotoxicity in these tumor cells in a dose-dependent manner. Transcriptome analysis revealed that TSA-treated tumors showed altered expression of cellular component-related genes, which may affect fusion tolerance. In a bilateral tumor-bearing mouse model, combination treatment of TSA and FUVAC significantly prolonged mouse survival compared with either treatment alone or in combination with non-fusogenic VV. Our findings demonstrate that TSA is a potent enhancer of cell-cell fusion efficacy of FUVAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Motomu Nakatake
- Division of Genomic Medicine, Faculty of MedicineTottori UniversityYonagoJapan
| | - Hajime Kurosaki
- Division of Genomic Medicine, Faculty of MedicineTottori UniversityYonagoJapan
| | - Takafumi Nakamura
- Division of Genomic Medicine, Faculty of MedicineTottori UniversityYonagoJapan
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Ryapolova A, Minskaia E, Gasanov N, Moroz V, Krapivin B, Egorov AD, Laktyushkin V, Zhuravleva S, Nagornych M, Subcheva E, Malogolovkin A, Ivanov R, Karabelsky A. Development of Recombinant Oncolytic rVSV-mIL12-mGMCSF for Cancer Immunotherapy. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 25:211. [PMID: 38203382 PMCID: PMC10779112 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25010211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Anti-cancer therapy based on oncolytic viruses (OVs) is a targeted approach that takes advantage of OVs' ability to selectively infect and replicate in tumor cells, activate the host immune response, and destroy malignant cells over healthy ones. Vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) is known for its wide range of advantages: a lack of pre-existing immunity, a genome that is easily amenable to manipulation, and rapid growth to high titers in a broad range of cell lines, to name a few. VSV-induced tumor immunity can be enhanced by the delivery of immunostimulatory cytokines. The targeted cytokine delivery to tumors avoids the significant toxicity associated with systemic delivery while also boosting the immune response. To demonstrate this enhanced effect on both tumor growth and survival, a novel recombinant VSV (rVSV)-mIL12-mGMCSF, co-expressing mouse IL-12 (interleukin-12) and GM-CSF (granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor), was tested alongside rVSV-dM51-GFP (rVSV-GFP) that was injected intratumorally in a syngeneic in vivo C57BL/6 mouse model infused subcutaneously with B16-F10 melanoma cells. The pilot study tested the effect of two viral injections 4 days apart and demonstrated that treatment with the two rVSVs resulted in partial inhibition of tumor growth (TGII of around 40%) and an increased survival rate in animals from the treatment groups. The effect of the two VSVs on immune cell populations will be investigated in future in vivo studies with an optimized experimental design with multiple higher viral doses, as a lack of this information presents a limitation of this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasia Ryapolova
- Department of Gene Therapy, Sirius University of Science and Technology, Olympic Avenue, 1, 354340 Sochi, Russia; (A.R.); (N.G.); (V.M.); (B.K.); (A.D.E.); (V.L.); (S.Z.); (M.N.); (E.S.); (R.I.); (A.K.)
| | - Ekaterina Minskaia
- Department of Gene Therapy, Sirius University of Science and Technology, Olympic Avenue, 1, 354340 Sochi, Russia; (A.R.); (N.G.); (V.M.); (B.K.); (A.D.E.); (V.L.); (S.Z.); (M.N.); (E.S.); (R.I.); (A.K.)
| | - Nizami Gasanov
- Department of Gene Therapy, Sirius University of Science and Technology, Olympic Avenue, 1, 354340 Sochi, Russia; (A.R.); (N.G.); (V.M.); (B.K.); (A.D.E.); (V.L.); (S.Z.); (M.N.); (E.S.); (R.I.); (A.K.)
| | - Vasiliy Moroz
- Department of Gene Therapy, Sirius University of Science and Technology, Olympic Avenue, 1, 354340 Sochi, Russia; (A.R.); (N.G.); (V.M.); (B.K.); (A.D.E.); (V.L.); (S.Z.); (M.N.); (E.S.); (R.I.); (A.K.)
| | - Bogdan Krapivin
- Department of Gene Therapy, Sirius University of Science and Technology, Olympic Avenue, 1, 354340 Sochi, Russia; (A.R.); (N.G.); (V.M.); (B.K.); (A.D.E.); (V.L.); (S.Z.); (M.N.); (E.S.); (R.I.); (A.K.)
| | - Alexander D. Egorov
- Department of Gene Therapy, Sirius University of Science and Technology, Olympic Avenue, 1, 354340 Sochi, Russia; (A.R.); (N.G.); (V.M.); (B.K.); (A.D.E.); (V.L.); (S.Z.); (M.N.); (E.S.); (R.I.); (A.K.)
| | - Victor Laktyushkin
- Department of Gene Therapy, Sirius University of Science and Technology, Olympic Avenue, 1, 354340 Sochi, Russia; (A.R.); (N.G.); (V.M.); (B.K.); (A.D.E.); (V.L.); (S.Z.); (M.N.); (E.S.); (R.I.); (A.K.)
| | - Sofia Zhuravleva
- Department of Gene Therapy, Sirius University of Science and Technology, Olympic Avenue, 1, 354340 Sochi, Russia; (A.R.); (N.G.); (V.M.); (B.K.); (A.D.E.); (V.L.); (S.Z.); (M.N.); (E.S.); (R.I.); (A.K.)
| | - Maksim Nagornych
- Department of Gene Therapy, Sirius University of Science and Technology, Olympic Avenue, 1, 354340 Sochi, Russia; (A.R.); (N.G.); (V.M.); (B.K.); (A.D.E.); (V.L.); (S.Z.); (M.N.); (E.S.); (R.I.); (A.K.)
| | - Elena Subcheva
- Department of Gene Therapy, Sirius University of Science and Technology, Olympic Avenue, 1, 354340 Sochi, Russia; (A.R.); (N.G.); (V.M.); (B.K.); (A.D.E.); (V.L.); (S.Z.); (M.N.); (E.S.); (R.I.); (A.K.)
| | - Alexander Malogolovkin
- Department of Molecular Virology, First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 20 Pirogovskaya, 119991 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Roman Ivanov
- Department of Gene Therapy, Sirius University of Science and Technology, Olympic Avenue, 1, 354340 Sochi, Russia; (A.R.); (N.G.); (V.M.); (B.K.); (A.D.E.); (V.L.); (S.Z.); (M.N.); (E.S.); (R.I.); (A.K.)
| | - Alexander Karabelsky
- Department of Gene Therapy, Sirius University of Science and Technology, Olympic Avenue, 1, 354340 Sochi, Russia; (A.R.); (N.G.); (V.M.); (B.K.); (A.D.E.); (V.L.); (S.Z.); (M.N.); (E.S.); (R.I.); (A.K.)
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Chen L, Zuo M, Zhou Q, Wang Y. Oncolytic virotherapy in cancer treatment: challenges and optimization prospects. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1308890. [PMID: 38169820 PMCID: PMC10758479 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1308890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Oncolytic viruses (OVs) are emerging cancer therapeutics that offer a multifaceted therapeutic platform for the benefits of replicating and lysing tumor cells, being engineered to express transgenes, modulating the tumor microenvironment (TME), and having a tolerable safety profile that does not overlap with other cancer therapeutics. The mechanism of OVs combined with other antitumor agents is based on immune-mediated attack resistance and might benefit patients who fail to achieve durable responses after immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) treatment. In this Review, we summarize data on the OV mechanism and limitations of monotherapy, which are currently in the process of combination partner development, especially with ICIs. We discuss some of the hurdles that have limited the preclinical and clinical development of OVs. We also describe the available data and provide guidance for optimizing OVs in clinical practice, as well as a summary of approved and promising novel OVs with clinical indications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingjuan Chen
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Institute of Radiation Oncology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Precision Radiation Oncology, Wuhan, China
| | - Mengsi Zuo
- Department of Oncology, The Sixth Hospital of Wuhan, Affiliated Hospital of Jianghan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Qin Zhou
- National “111” Center for Cellular Regulation and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (Ministry of Education), Cooperative Innovation Center of Industrial Fermentation (Ministry of Education & Hubei Province), College of Bioengineering, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yang Wang
- National “111” Center for Cellular Regulation and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (Ministry of Education), Cooperative Innovation Center of Industrial Fermentation (Ministry of Education & Hubei Province), College of Bioengineering, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, China
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32
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Fan T, Zhang M, Yang J, Zhu Z, Cao W, Dong C. Therapeutic cancer vaccines: advancements, challenges, and prospects. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2023; 8:450. [PMID: 38086815 PMCID: PMC10716479 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-023-01674-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2023] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
With the development and regulatory approval of immune checkpoint inhibitors and adoptive cell therapies, cancer immunotherapy has undergone a profound transformation over the past decades. Recently, therapeutic cancer vaccines have shown promise by eliciting de novo T cell responses targeting tumor antigens, including tumor-associated antigens and tumor-specific antigens. The objective was to amplify and diversify the intrinsic repertoire of tumor-specific T cells. However, the complete realization of these capabilities remains an ongoing pursuit. Therefore, we provide an overview of the current landscape of cancer vaccines in this review. The range of antigen selection, antigen delivery systems development the strategic nuances underlying effective antigen presentation have pioneered cancer vaccine design. Furthermore, this review addresses the current status of clinical trials and discusses their strategies, focusing on tumor-specific immunogenicity and anti-tumor efficacy assessment. However, current clinical attempts toward developing cancer vaccines have not yielded breakthrough clinical outcomes due to significant challenges, including tumor immune microenvironment suppression, optimal candidate identification, immune response evaluation, and vaccine manufacturing acceleration. Therefore, the field is poised to overcome hurdles and improve patient outcomes in the future by acknowledging these clinical complexities and persistently striving to surmount inherent constraints.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Fan
- Department of Oncology, East Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Mingna Zhang
- Postgraduate Training Base, Shanghai East Hospital, Jinzhou Medical University, Shanghai, 200120, China
| | - Jingxian Yang
- Department of Oncology, East Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhounan Zhu
- Department of Oncology, East Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wanlu Cao
- Department of Oncology, East Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Chunyan Dong
- Department of Oncology, East Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
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Xie D, Tian Y, Hu D, Wang Y, Yang Y, Zhou B, Zhang R, Ren Z, Liu M, Xu J, Dong C, Zhao B, Yang L. Oncolytic adenoviruses expressing checkpoint inhibitors for cancer therapy. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2023; 8:436. [PMID: 38016957 PMCID: PMC10684539 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-023-01683-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Revised: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite the remarkable success of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), primary resistance to ICIs causes only subsets of patients to achieve durable responses due to the complex tumor microenvironment (TME). Oncolytic viruses (OVs) can overcome the immunosuppressive TME and promote systemic antitumor immunity in hosts. Engineered OVs armed with ICIs would likely have improved effectiveness as a cancer therapy. According to the diverse immune cell landscapes among different types of tumors, we rationally and precisely generated three recombinant oncolytic adenoviruses (OAds): OAd-SIRPα-Fc, OAd-Siglec10-Fc and OAd-TIGIT-Fc. These viruses were designed to locally deliver SIRPα-Fc, Siglec10-Fc or TIGIT-Fc fusion proteins recognizing CD47, CD24 or CD155, respectively, in the TME to achieve enhanced antitumor effects. Our results suggested that OAd-SIRPα-Fc and OAd-Siglec10-Fc both showed outstanding efficacy in tumor suppression of macrophage-dominated tumors, while OAd-TIGIT-Fc showed the best antitumor immunity in CD8+ T-cell-dominated tumors. Importantly, the recombinant OAds activated an inflammatory immune response and generated long-term antitumor memory. In addition, the combination of OAd-Siglec10-Fc with anti-PD-1 significantly enhanced the antitumor effect in a 4T1 tumor model by remodeling the TME. In summary, rationally designed OAds expressing ICIs tailored to the immune cell landscape in the TME can precisely achieve tumor-specific immunotherapy of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daoyuan Xie
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Yaomei Tian
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
- College of Bioengineering, Sichuan University of Science & Engineering, Zigong, 643000, China
| | - Die Hu
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Yuanda Wang
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Yuling Yang
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Bailing Zhou
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Rui Zhang
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Zhixiang Ren
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Mohan Liu
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Jie Xu
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Chunyan Dong
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Binyan Zhao
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Li Yang
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
- Frontiers Medical Center, Tianfu Jincheng Laboratory, Chengdu, 610212, China.
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Dogbey DM, Torres VES, Fajemisin E, Mpondo L, Ngwenya T, Akinrinmade OA, Perriman AW, Barth S. Technological advances in the use of viral and non-viral vectors for delivering genetic and non-genetic cargos for cancer therapy. Drug Deliv Transl Res 2023; 13:2719-2738. [PMID: 37301780 PMCID: PMC10257536 DOI: 10.1007/s13346-023-01362-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The burden of cancer is increasing globally. Several challenges facing its mainstream treatment approaches have formed the basis for the development of targeted delivery systems to carry and distribute anti-cancer payloads to their defined targets. This site-specific delivery of drug molecules and gene payloads to selectively target druggable biomarkers aimed at inducing cell death while sparing normal cells is the principal goal for cancer therapy. An important advantage of a delivery vector either viral or non-viral is the cumulative ability to penetrate the haphazardly arranged and immunosuppressive tumour microenvironment of solid tumours and or withstand antibody-mediated immune response. Biotechnological approaches incorporating rational protein engineering for the development of targeted delivery systems which may serve as vehicles for packaging and distribution of anti-cancer agents to selectively target and kill cancer cells are highly desired. Over the years, these chemically and genetically modified delivery systems have aimed at distribution and selective accumulation of drug molecules at receptor sites resulting in constant maintenance of high drug bioavailability for effective anti-tumour activity. In this review, we highlighted the state-of-the art viral and non-viral drug and gene delivery systems and those under developments focusing on cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dennis Makafui Dogbey
- South African Research Chair in Cancer Biotechnology, Division of Chemical and Systems Biology, Department of Integrative Biomedical Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | | | - Emmanuel Fajemisin
- South African Research Chair in Cancer Biotechnology, Division of Chemical and Systems Biology, Department of Integrative Biomedical Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Liyabona Mpondo
- South African Research Chair in Cancer Biotechnology, Division of Chemical and Systems Biology, Department of Integrative Biomedical Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Takunda Ngwenya
- South African Research Chair in Cancer Biotechnology, Division of Chemical and Systems Biology, Department of Integrative Biomedical Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Olusiji Alex Akinrinmade
- South African Research Chair in Cancer Biotechnology, Division of Chemical and Systems Biology, Department of Integrative Biomedical Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Adam W Perriman
- School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Bristol, BS8 1TD, Bristol, UK
| | - Stefan Barth
- South African Research Chair in Cancer Biotechnology, Division of Chemical and Systems Biology, Department of Integrative Biomedical Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.
- Medical Biotechnology and Immunotherapy Research Unit, Institute of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.
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DePeaux K, Rivadeneira DB, Lontos K, Dean VG, Gunn WG, Watson MJ, Yao T, Wilfahrt D, Hinck C, Wieteska L, Thorne SH, Hinck AP, Delgoffe GM. An oncolytic virus-delivered TGFβ inhibitor overcomes the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment. J Exp Med 2023; 220:e20230053. [PMID: 37552475 PMCID: PMC10407786 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20230053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Revised: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/09/2023] Open
Abstract
While checkpoint blockade immunotherapies have widespread success, they rely on a responsive immune infiltrate; as such, treatments enhancing immune infiltration and preventing immunosuppression are of critical need. We previously generated αPD-1 resistant variants of the murine HNSCC model MEER. While entirely αPD-1 resistant, these tumors regress after single dose of oncolytic vaccinia virus (VV). We then generated a VV-resistant MEER line to dissect the immunologic features of sensitive and resistant tumors. While treatment of both tumor types induced immune infiltration and IFNγ, we found a defining feature of resistance was elevation of immunosuppressive cytokines like TGFβ, which blunted IFNγ signaling, especially in regulatory T cells. We engineered VV to express a genetically encoded TGFβRII inhibitor. Inhibitor-expressing VV produced regressions in resistant tumor models and showed impressive synergy with checkpoint blockade. Importantly, tumor-specific, viral delivery of TGFβ inhibition had no toxicities associated with systemic TGFβ/TGFβR inhibition. Our data suggest that aside from stimulating immune infiltration, oncolytic viruses are attractive means to deliver agents to limit immunosuppression in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristin DePeaux
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Dayana B. Rivadeneira
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Konstantinos Lontos
- Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy Center, The University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Victoria G. Dean
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - William G. Gunn
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - McLane J. Watson
- Department of Metabolism and Nutritional Programming, Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
| | - Tianhong Yao
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Drew Wilfahrt
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Cynthia Hinck
- Department of Structural Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Lukasz Wieteska
- Department of Structural Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | | | - Andrew P. Hinck
- Department of Structural Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Greg M. Delgoffe
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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Sun K, Shi X, Li L, Nie X, Xu L, Jia F, Xu F. Oncolytic Viral Therapy for Glioma by Recombinant Sindbis Virus. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:4738. [PMID: 37835433 PMCID: PMC10571546 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15194738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Revised: 09/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The characteristics of glioblastoma, such as drug resistance during treatment, short patient survival, and high recurrence rates, have made patients with glioblastoma more likely to benefit from oncolytic therapy. METHODS In this study, we investigated the safety of the sindbis virus by injecting virus intravenously and intracranially in mice and evaluated the therapeutic effect of the virus carrying different combinations of IL-12, IL-7, and GM-CSF on glioma in a glioma-bearing mouse model. RESULTS SINV was autologously eliminated from the serum and organs as well as from neural networks after entering mice. Furthermore, SINV was restricted to the injection site in the tree shrew brain and did not spread throughout the whole brain. In addition, we found that SINV-induced apoptosis in conjunction with the stimulation of the immune system by tumor-killing cytokines substantially suppressed tumor development. It is worth mentioning that SINV carrying IL-7 and IL-12 had the most notable glioma-killing effect. Furthermore, in an intracranial glioma model, SINV containing IL-7 and IL-12 effectively prolonged the survival time of mice and inhibited glioma progression. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that SINV has a significant safety profile as an oncolytic virus and that combining SINV with cytokines is an efficient treatment option for malignant gliomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kangyixin Sun
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China;
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Viral Vectors for Biomedicine, Key Laboratory of Quality Control Technology for Virus-Based Therapeutics, Guangdong Provincial Medical Products Administration, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Viral Vector Technology in Cell and Gene Therapy Medicinal Products, The Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute (BCBDI), Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen-Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science-Shenzhen Fundamental Research Institutions, Shenzhen 518055, China; (X.S.); (L.L.)
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems, Wuhan Center for Magnetic Resonance, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Xiangwei Shi
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Viral Vectors for Biomedicine, Key Laboratory of Quality Control Technology for Virus-Based Therapeutics, Guangdong Provincial Medical Products Administration, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Viral Vector Technology in Cell and Gene Therapy Medicinal Products, The Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute (BCBDI), Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen-Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science-Shenzhen Fundamental Research Institutions, Shenzhen 518055, China; (X.S.); (L.L.)
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems, Wuhan Center for Magnetic Resonance, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Li Li
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Viral Vectors for Biomedicine, Key Laboratory of Quality Control Technology for Virus-Based Therapeutics, Guangdong Provincial Medical Products Administration, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Viral Vector Technology in Cell and Gene Therapy Medicinal Products, The Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute (BCBDI), Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen-Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science-Shenzhen Fundamental Research Institutions, Shenzhen 518055, China; (X.S.); (L.L.)
| | - Xiupeng Nie
- CAS Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms, KIZ-SU Joint Laboratory of Animal Model and Drug Development, Laboratory of Learning and Memory, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China; (X.N.); (L.X.)
| | - Lin Xu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms, KIZ-SU Joint Laboratory of Animal Model and Drug Development, Laboratory of Learning and Memory, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China; (X.N.); (L.X.)
| | - Fan Jia
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Viral Vectors for Biomedicine, Key Laboratory of Quality Control Technology for Virus-Based Therapeutics, Guangdong Provincial Medical Products Administration, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Viral Vector Technology in Cell and Gene Therapy Medicinal Products, The Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute (BCBDI), Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen-Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science-Shenzhen Fundamental Research Institutions, Shenzhen 518055, China; (X.S.); (L.L.)
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Fuqiang Xu
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China;
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Viral Vectors for Biomedicine, Key Laboratory of Quality Control Technology for Virus-Based Therapeutics, Guangdong Provincial Medical Products Administration, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Viral Vector Technology in Cell and Gene Therapy Medicinal Products, The Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute (BCBDI), Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen-Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science-Shenzhen Fundamental Research Institutions, Shenzhen 518055, China; (X.S.); (L.L.)
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems, Wuhan Center for Magnetic Resonance, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
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37
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Hong SO, Kim J, Lee S, Shin J, Choi H, Lee E, Kang H, Lee H, Lee S, Yun N, An J, Choi H, Kim H, Kang W, Yoon Y, Kim S. Transgenic viral expression of PH-20, IL-12, and sPD1-Fc enhances immune cell infiltration and anti-tumor efficacy of an oncolytic virus. Mol Ther Oncolytics 2023; 30:301-315. [PMID: 37727704 PMCID: PMC10506102 DOI: 10.1016/j.omto.2023.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Oncolytic viruses are of significant clinical interest due to their ability to directly infect and kill tumors and enhance the anti-tumor immune response. Previously, we developed KLS-3010, a novel oncolytic virus derived from the International Health Department-White (IHD-W) strain vaccinia virus, which has robust tumoricidal effects. In the present study, we generated a recombinant oncolytic virus, KLS-3020, by inserting three transgenes (hyaluronidase [PH-20], interleukin-12 [IL-12], and soluble programmed cell death 1 fused to the Fc domain [sPD1-Fc]) into KLS-3010 and investigated its anti-tumor efficacy and ability to induce anti-tumor immune responses in CT26.WT and B16F10 mouse tumor models. A single injection of KLS-3020 significantly decreased tumor growth. The roles of the transgenes were investigated using viruses expressing each single transgene alone and KLS-3020. PH-20 promoted virus spread and tumor immune cell infiltration, IL-12 activated and reprogrammed T cells to inflammatory phenotypes, and sPD1-Fc increased intra-tumoral populations of activated T cells. The tumor-specific systemic immune response and the abscopal tumor control elicited by KLS-3020 were demonstrated in the CT26.WT tumor model. The insertion of transgenes into KLS-3020 increased its anti-tumor efficacy, supporting further clinical investigation of KLS-3020 as a novel oncolytic immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soon-Oh Hong
- Institute of BioInnovation Research, Kolon Life Science, Seoul 07793, Republic of Korea
| | - Joonsung Kim
- Institute of BioInnovation Research, Kolon Life Science, Seoul 07793, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungmin Lee
- Institute of BioInnovation Research, Kolon Life Science, Seoul 07793, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaeil Shin
- Institute of BioInnovation Research, Kolon Life Science, Seoul 07793, Republic of Korea
| | - Hwanjun Choi
- Institute of BioInnovation Research, Kolon Life Science, Seoul 07793, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunjin Lee
- Institute of BioInnovation Research, Kolon Life Science, Seoul 07793, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyesoo Kang
- Institute of BioInnovation Research, Kolon Life Science, Seoul 07793, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyesun Lee
- Institute of BioInnovation Research, Kolon Life Science, Seoul 07793, Republic of Korea
| | - Soondong Lee
- Institute of BioInnovation Research, Kolon Life Science, Seoul 07793, Republic of Korea
| | - Naeun Yun
- Institute of BioInnovation Research, Kolon Life Science, Seoul 07793, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiwon An
- Institute of BioInnovation Research, Kolon Life Science, Seoul 07793, Republic of Korea
| | - Heonsik Choi
- Institute of BioInnovation Research, Kolon Life Science, Seoul 07793, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeree Kim
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences and Technology, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul 06351, Republic of Korea
- Institute for Future Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul 06351, Republic of Korea
| | - Wonseok Kang
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences and Technology, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul 06351, Republic of Korea
- Institute for Future Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul 06351, Republic of Korea
- Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 06351, Korea
| | - Yeup Yoon
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences and Technology, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul 06351, Republic of Korea
- Institute for Future Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul 06351, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biopharmaceutical Convergence, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Sujeong Kim
- Institute of BioInnovation Research, Kolon Life Science, Seoul 07793, Republic of Korea
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38
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Yi J, Lin P, Li Q, Zhang A, Kong X. A new strategy for treating colorectal cancer: Regulating the influence of intestinal flora and oncolytic virus on interferon. Mol Ther Oncolytics 2023; 30:254-274. [PMID: 37701850 PMCID: PMC10493895 DOI: 10.1016/j.omto.2023.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) has the third highest incidence and the second highest mortality in the world, which seriously affects human health, while current treatments methods for CRC, including systemic therapy, preoperative radiotherapy, and surgical local excision, still have poor survival rates for patients with metastatic disease, making it critical to develop new strategies for treating CRC. In this article, we found that the gut microbiota can modulate the signaling pathways of cancer cells through direct contact with tumor cells, generate inflammatory responses and oxidative stress through interactions between the innate and adaptive immune systems, and produce diverse metabolic combinations to trigger specific immune responses and promote the initiation of systemic type I interferon (IFN-I) and anti-viral immunity. In addition, oncolytic virus-mediated immunotherapy for regulating oncolytic virus can directly lyse tumor cells, induce the immune activity of the body, interact with interferon, inhibit the anti-viral effect of IFN-I, and enhance the anti-tumor effect of IFN-II. Interferon plays an important role in the anti-tumor process. We put forward that exploring the effects of intestinal flora and oncolytic virus on interferon to treat CRC is a promising therapeutic option.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Yi
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Peizhe Lin
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Qingbo Li
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Ao Zhang
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Xianbin Kong
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
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39
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Yang N, Wang Y, Liu S, Tariq SB, Luna JM, Mazo G, Tan A, Zhang T, Wang J, Yan W, Choi J, Rossi A, Xiang JZ, Rice CM, Merghoub T, Wolchok JD, Deng L. OX40L-expressing recombinant modified vaccinia virus Ankara induces potent antitumor immunity via reprogramming Tregs. J Exp Med 2023; 220:e20221166. [PMID: 37145142 PMCID: PMC10165539 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20221166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Revised: 03/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Effective depletion of immune suppressive regulatory T cells (Tregs) in the tumor microenvironment without triggering systemic autoimmunity is an important strategy for cancer immunotherapy. Modified vaccinia virus Ankara (MVA) is a highly attenuated, non-replicative vaccinia virus with a long history of human use. Here, we report rational engineering of an immune-activating recombinant MVA (rMVA, MVA∆E5R-Flt3L-OX40L) with deletion of the vaccinia E5R gene (encoding an inhibitor of the DNA sensor cyclic GMP-AMP synthase, cGAS) and expression of two membrane-anchored transgenes, Flt3L and OX40L. Intratumoral (IT) delivery of rMVA (MVA∆E5R-Flt3L-OX40L) generates potent antitumor immunity, dependent on CD8+ T cells, the cGAS/STING-mediated cytosolic DNA-sensing pathway, and type I IFN signaling. Remarkably, IT rMVA (MVA∆E5R-Flt3L-OX40L) depletes OX40hi regulatory T cells via OX40L/OX40 interaction and IFNAR signaling. Single-cell RNA-seq analyses of tumors treated with rMVA showed the depletion of OX40hiCCR8hi Tregs and expansion of IFN-responsive Tregs. Taken together, our study provides a proof-of-concept for depleting and reprogramming intratumoral Tregs via an immune-activating rMVA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Yang
- Department of Medicine, Dermatology Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Yi Wang
- Department of Medicine, Dermatology Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Shuaitong Liu
- Department of Medicine, Dermatology Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Shanza Baseer Tariq
- Department of Medicine, Dermatology Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Joseph M. Luna
- The Laboratory of Virology and Infectious Disease, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Gregory Mazo
- Department of Medicine, Dermatology Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Adrian Tan
- Genomic Resources Core Facility, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - Tuo Zhang
- Genomic Resources Core Facility, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Wei Yan
- IMVAQ Therapeutics, Sammamish, WA, USA
| | - John Choi
- IMVAQ Therapeutics, Sammamish, WA, USA
| | - Anthony Rossi
- Department of Medicine, Dermatology Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jenny Zhaoying Xiang
- Genomic Resources Core Facility, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - Charles M. Rice
- The Laboratory of Virology and Infectious Disease, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Taha Merghoub
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jedd D. Wolchok
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Liang Deng
- Department of Medicine, Dermatology Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Dermatology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
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40
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Hesari M, Attar Z, Soltani-Shirazi S, Keshavarzian O, Taheri R, Tabrizi R, Fouladseresht H. The Therapeutic Values of IL-7/IL-7R and the Recombinant Derivatives in Glioma: A Narrative Review. J Interferon Cytokine Res 2023; 43:319-334. [PMID: 37566474 DOI: 10.1089/jir.2023.0050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Interleukin-7 (IL-7) is essential for maintaining the immune system's defense functions by regulating the development and homeostasis of lymphocytes. Findings have shown the high efficacy of IL-7/IL-7 receptor (IL-7R)-based immunotherapy on various malignancies, with confirmation in both animal models and humans. In recent years, the progression-free survival and overall survival of patients suffering from gliomas significantly increased by introducing C7R-expressing chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cells and long-acting IL-7 agonists such as NT-I7 (rhIL-7-hyFc, Efineptakin alfa). However, the effect of IL-7-based immunotherapies on the resistance of tumor cells to chemotherapy (when used simultaneously with chemotherapy agents) is still ambiguous and requires further studies. This article first reviews the pathophysiological roles of IL-7/IL-7R in tumors, focusing on gliomas. Subsequently, it discusses the therapeutic values of IL-7/IL-7R and the recombinant derivatives in gliomas.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Zeinab Attar
- Recombinant Proteins Department, Breast Cancer Research Center, Motamed Cancer Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Shakiba Soltani-Shirazi
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | | | - Reza Taheri
- Department of Neurosurgery, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran
| | - Reza Tabrizi
- Noncommunicable Diseases Research Center, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran
| | - Hamed Fouladseresht
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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41
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Shi X, Sun K, Hu Y, Wang Q, Liao G, Li L, Wen P, Wong LE, Jia F, Xu F. The G285S mutation in nsP1 is sufficient to render Sindbis virus as a stable vector for gene delivery. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1229506. [PMID: 37560523 PMCID: PMC10408454 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1229506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuroscience, gene therapy, and vaccine have all benefited from the increased use of viral vectors. Sindbis virus (SINV) is a notable candidate among these vectors. However, viral vectors commonly suffer from a loss of expression of the transgene, especially RNA viral vectors. In this study, we used a directed evolution approach by continuous passage of selection to identify adaptive mutations that help SINV to stably express exogenous genes. As a result, we found two adaptive mutations that are located at aa 285 (G to S) of nsP1 and aa 422 (D to G) of nsP2, respectively. Further study showed that G285S was sufficient for SINV to stabilize the expression of the inserted gene, while D422G was not. Combined with AlphaFold2 and sequence alignment with the genus Alphavirus, we found that G285S is conserved. Based on this mutation, we constructed a new vector for the applications in neural circuits mapping. Our results indicated that the mutant SINV maintained its anterograde transsynaptic transmission property. In addition, when the transgene was replaced by another gene, granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), the vector still showed stable expression of the inserted gene. Hence, using SINV as an example, we have demonstrated an efficient approach to greatly augment the gene delivery capacity of viral vectors, which will be useful to neuroscience and oncolytic therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangwei Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems, Wuhan Center for Magnetic Resonance, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- Shenzhen-Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Viral Vector Technology in Cell and Gene Therapy Medicinal Products, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Viral Vectors for Biomedicine, Key Laboratory of Quality Control Technology for Virus-Based Therapeutics, Guangdong Provincial Medical Products Administration, The Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Kangyixin Sun
- Shenzhen-Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Viral Vector Technology in Cell and Gene Therapy Medicinal Products, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Viral Vectors for Biomedicine, Key Laboratory of Quality Control Technology for Virus-Based Therapeutics, Guangdong Provincial Medical Products Administration, The Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - You Hu
- Shenzhen-Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Viral Vector Technology in Cell and Gene Therapy Medicinal Products, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Viral Vectors for Biomedicine, Key Laboratory of Quality Control Technology for Virus-Based Therapeutics, Guangdong Provincial Medical Products Administration, The Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Qinghan Wang
- Shenzhen-Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Viral Vector Technology in Cell and Gene Therapy Medicinal Products, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Viral Vectors for Biomedicine, Key Laboratory of Quality Control Technology for Virus-Based Therapeutics, Guangdong Provincial Medical Products Administration, The Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Guoyang Liao
- College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Li Li
- Shenzhen-Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Viral Vector Technology in Cell and Gene Therapy Medicinal Products, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Viral Vectors for Biomedicine, Key Laboratory of Quality Control Technology for Virus-Based Therapeutics, Guangdong Provincial Medical Products Administration, The Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Pengjie Wen
- Shenzhen-Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Viral Vector Technology in Cell and Gene Therapy Medicinal Products, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Viral Vectors for Biomedicine, Key Laboratory of Quality Control Technology for Virus-Based Therapeutics, Guangdong Provincial Medical Products Administration, The Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Leo E. Wong
- Shenzhen-Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Fan Jia
- Shenzhen-Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Viral Vector Technology in Cell and Gene Therapy Medicinal Products, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Viral Vectors for Biomedicine, Key Laboratory of Quality Control Technology for Virus-Based Therapeutics, Guangdong Provincial Medical Products Administration, The Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Fuqiang Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems, Wuhan Center for Magnetic Resonance, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- Shenzhen-Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Viral Vector Technology in Cell and Gene Therapy Medicinal Products, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Viral Vectors for Biomedicine, Key Laboratory of Quality Control Technology for Virus-Based Therapeutics, Guangdong Provincial Medical Products Administration, The Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
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42
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Xie J, Wang S, Zhong Y, Gao M, Tian X, Zhang L, Pan D, Qin Q, Wu B, Lan K, Sun ZJ, Zhang J. Oncolytic herpes simplex virus armed with a bacterial GBP1 degrader improves antitumor activity. Mol Ther Oncolytics 2023; 29:61-76. [PMID: 37223114 PMCID: PMC10200819 DOI: 10.1016/j.omto.2023.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Oncolytic viruses (OVs) encoding various transgenes are being evaluated for cancer immunotherapy. Diverse factors such as cytokines, immune checkpoint inhibitors, tumor-associated antigens, and T cell engagers have been exploited as transgenes. These modifications are primarily aimed to reverse the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment. By contrast, antiviral restriction factors that inhibit the replication of OVs and result in suboptimal oncolytic activity have received far less attention. Here, we report that guanylate-binding protein 1 (GBP1) is potently induced during HSV-1 infection and restricts HSV-1 replication. Mechanistically, GBP1 remodels cytoskeletal organization to impede nuclear entry of HSV-1 genome. Previous studies have established that IpaH9.8, a bacterial E3 ubiquitin ligase, targets GBPs for proteasomal degradation. We therefore engineered an oncolytic HSV-1 to express IpaH9.8 and found that the modified OV effectively antagonized GBP1, replicated to a higher titer in vitro and showed superior antitumor activity in vivo. Our study features a strategy for improving the replication of OVs via targeting a restriction factor and achieving promising therapeutic efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Xie
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, State Key Laboratory of Virology, Medical Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
- Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Shaowei Wang
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, State Key Laboratory of Virology, Medical Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
- Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Yunhong Zhong
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, State Key Laboratory of Virology, Medical Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
- Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Ming Gao
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, State Key Laboratory of Virology, Medical Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
- Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Xuezhang Tian
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, State Key Laboratory of Virology, Medical Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
- Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Liting Zhang
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, State Key Laboratory of Virology, Medical Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
- Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Dongli Pan
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Qingsong Qin
- Laboratory of Human Virology and Oncology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong 515041, China
| | - Bing Wu
- Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Ke Lan
- Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, School of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Zhi-Jun Sun
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Junjie Zhang
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, State Key Laboratory of Virology, Medical Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
- Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
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Kanaya N, Kitamura Y, Vazquez ML, Franco A, Chen KS, van Schaik TA, Farzani TA, Borges P, Ichinose T, Seddiq W, Kuroda S, Boland G, Jahan N, Fisher D, Wakimoto H, Shah K. Gene-edited and -engineered stem cell platform drives immunotherapy for brain metastatic melanomas. Sci Transl Med 2023; 15:eade8732. [PMID: 37256936 PMCID: PMC10799631 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.ade8732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Revised: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Oncolytic virus therapy has shown activity against primary melanomas; however, its efficacy in brain metastases remains challenging, mainly because of the delivery and immunosuppressive nature of tumors in the brain. To address this challenge, we first established PTEN-deficient melanoma brain metastasis mouse models and characterized them to be more immunosuppressive compared with primary melanoma, mimicking the clinical settings. Next, we developed an allogeneic twin stem cell (TSC) system composed of two tumor-targeting stem cell (SC) populations. One SC was loaded with oncolytic herpes simplex virus (oHSV), and the other SC was CRISPR-Cas9 gene-edited to knock out nectin 1 (N1) receptor (N1KO) to acquire resistance to oHSV and release immunomodulators, such as granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF). Using mouse models of brain metastatic BRAFV600E/PTEN-/- and BRAFV600E/wt/PTEN-/- mutant melanomas, we show that locoregional delivery of TSCs releasing oHSV and GM-CSF (TSC-G) activated dendritic cell- and T cell-mediated immune responses. In addition, our strategy exhibited greater therapeutic efficacy when compared with the existing oncolytic viral therapeutic approaches. Moreover, the TSCs composed of SC-oHSV and SCN1KO-releasing GM-CSF and single-chain variable fragment anti-PD-1 (TSC-G/P) had therapeutic efficacy in both syngeneic and patient-derived humanized mouse models of leptomeningeal metastasis. Our findings provide a promising allogeneic SC-based immunotherapeutic strategy against melanomas in the CNS and a road map toward clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nobuhiko Kanaya
- Center for Stem Cell and Translational Immunotherapy, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Yohei Kitamura
- Center for Stem Cell and Translational Immunotherapy, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Maria Lopez Vazquez
- Center for Stem Cell and Translational Immunotherapy, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Arnaldo Franco
- Center for Stem Cell and Translational Immunotherapy, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Kok-Siong Chen
- Center for Stem Cell and Translational Immunotherapy, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Thijs A. van Schaik
- Center for Stem Cell and Translational Immunotherapy, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Touraj Aligholipour Farzani
- Center for Stem Cell and Translational Immunotherapy, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Paulo Borges
- Center for Stem Cell and Translational Immunotherapy, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Toru Ichinose
- Center for Stem Cell and Translational Immunotherapy, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Waleed Seddiq
- Center for Stem Cell and Translational Immunotherapy, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Shinji Kuroda
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
| | - Genevieve Boland
- Department of Dermatology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Nusrat Jahan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - David Fisher
- Department of Dermatology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Hiroaki Wakimoto
- Center for Stem Cell and Translational Immunotherapy, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Khalid Shah
- Center for Stem Cell and Translational Immunotherapy, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
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Abdulal RH, Malki JS, Ghazal E, Alsaieedi AA, Almahboub SA, Khan MY, Alsulaiman RM, Ghaith MM, Abujamel TS, Ganash M, Mahmoud AB, Alkayyal AA, Hashem AM. Construction of VSVΔ51M oncolytic virus expressing human interleukin-12. Front Mol Biosci 2023; 10:1190669. [PMID: 37255540 PMCID: PMC10225647 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2023.1190669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The use of oncolytic viruses (OVs) in combination with cytokines, such as IL-12, is a promising approach for cancer treatment that addresses the limitations of current standard treatments and traditional cancer immunotherapies. IL-12, a proinflammatory cytokine, triggers intracellular signaling pathways that lead to increased apoptosis of tumor cells and enhanced antitumor activity of immune cells via IFN-γ induction, making this cytokine a promising candidate for cancer therapy. Targeted expression of IL-12 within tumors has been shown to play a crucial role in tumor eradication. The recent development of oncolytic viruses enables targeted delivery and expression of IL-12 at the tumor site, thereby addressing the systemic toxicities associated with traditional cancer therapy. In this study, we constructed an oncolytic virus, VSVΔ51M, based on the commercially available VSV wild-type backbone and further modified it to express human IL-12. Our preclinical data confirmed the safety and limited toxicity of the modified virus, VSV-Δ51M-hIL-12, supporting its potential use for clinical development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rwaa H. Abdulal
- Vaccines and Immunotherapy Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Biological Science, Faculty of Science, King AbdulAziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jana S. Malki
- Vaccines and Immunotherapy Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ezdehar Ghazal
- Vaccines and Immunotherapy Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahdab A. Alsaieedi
- Vaccines and Immunotherapy Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sarah A. Almahboub
- Vaccines and Immunotherapy Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Yasir Khan
- Vaccines and Immunotherapy Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Biological Science, Faculty of Science, King AbdulAziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Reem M. Alsulaiman
- Vaccines and Immunotherapy Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mazen M. Ghaith
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Turki S. Abujamel
- Vaccines and Immunotherapy Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Magdah Ganash
- Department of Biological Science, Faculty of Science, King AbdulAziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmad Bakur Mahmoud
- College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taibah University, Madinah, Saudi Arabia
- Strategic Research and Innovation Laboratories, Taibah University, Madinah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Almohanad A. Alkayyal
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia
| | - Anwar M. Hashem
- Vaccines and Immunotherapy Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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45
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Ding T, Yu Y, Pan X, Chen H. Establishment of humanized mice and its application progress in cancer immunotherapy. Immunotherapy 2023; 15:679-697. [PMID: 37096919 DOI: 10.2217/imt-2022-0148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The current high prevalence of malignant tumors has attracted considerable attention, and treating advanced malignancies is becoming increasingly difficult. Although immunotherapy is a hopeful alternative, it is effective in only a few people. Thus, development of preclinical animal models is needed. Humanized xenotransplantation mouse models can help with selecting treatment protocols, evaluating curative effects and assessing prognosis. This review discusses the establishment of humanized mouse models and their application prospects in cancer immunotherapy to identify tailored therapies for individual patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianlong Ding
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730030, PR China
- Department of Tumor Surgery, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, 730030, PR China
| | - Yang Yu
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730030, PR China
| | - Xiaoyuan Pan
- Department of Vision Rehabilitation, Gansu Province Hospital Rehabilitation Center, Lanzhou, 730030, PR China
| | - Hao Chen
- Department of Tumor Surgery, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, 730030, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Digestive System Tumors, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, 730030, PR China
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46
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Gene-based delivery of immune-activating cytokines for cancer treatment. Trends Mol Med 2023; 29:329-342. [PMID: 36828711 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2023.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
Tumors evolve together with the tumor microenvironment (TME) and reshape it towards immunosuppression. Immunostimulating cytokines can be used to revert this state leading to effective antitumor immune responses, but their exploitation as anticancer drugs has been hampered by severe toxicity associated with systemic administration. Local, TME-targeted delivery of immune activating cytokines can deploy their antitumoral function more effectively than systemic administration while, at the same time, avoiding exposure of healthy organs and limiting toxicity. Here, we review different gene and cell therapy platforms developed for tumor-directed cytokine delivery highlighting their potential for clinical translation.
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Yang Z, Pietrobon V, Bobbin M, Stefanson O, Yang J, Goswami A, Alphson B, Choi H, Magallanes K, Cai Q, Barrett D, Wang B, Qi LS, Marincola FM. Nanoscale, antigen encounter-dependent, IL-12 delivery by CAR T cells plus PD-L1 blockade for cancer treatment. J Transl Med 2023; 21:158. [PMID: 36855120 PMCID: PMC9976446 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-023-04014-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/18/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cell therapies for the treatment of hematological malignancies experienced tremendous progress in the last decade. However, essential limitations need to be addressed to further improve efficacy and reduce toxicity to assure CAR-T cell persistence, trafficking to the tumor site, resistance to an hostile tumor microenvironment (TME), and containment of toxicity restricting production of powerful but potentially toxic bioproducts to the TME; the last could be achieved through contextual release upon tumor antigen encounter of factors capable of converting an immune suppressive TME into one conducive to immune rejection. METHODS We created an HER2-targeting CAR-T (RB-312) using a clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) activation (CRISPRa) system, which induces the expression of the IL-12 heterodimer via conditional transcription of its two endogenous subunits p35 and p40. This circuit includes two lentiviral constructs. The first one (HER2-TEV) expresses an anti-human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) CAR single chain variable fragment (scFv), with CD28 and CD3z co-stimulatory domains linked to the tobacco etch virus (TEV) protease and two single guide RNAs (sgRNA) targeting the interleukin (IL)-12A and IL12B transcription start site (TSS), respectively. The second construct (LdCV) encodes linker for activation of T cells (LAT) fused to nuclease-deactivated Streptococcus Pyogenes Cas9 (dCas9)-VP64-p65-Rta (VPR) via a TEV-cleavable sequence (TCS). Activation of the CAR brings HER2-TEV in close proximity to LdCV releasing dCas9 for nuclear localization. This conditional circuit leads to conditional and reversible induction of the IL-12/p70 heterodimer. RB-312 was compared in vitro to controls (cRB-312), lacking the IL-12 sgRNAs and conventional HER2 CAR (convCAR). RESULTS The inducible CRISPRa system activated endogenous IL-12 expression resulting in enhanced secondary interferon (FN)-γ production, cytotoxicity, and CAR-T proliferation in vitro, prolonged in vivo persistence and greater suppression of HER2+ FaDu oropharyngeal cancer cell growth compared to the conventional CAR-T cell product. No systemic IL-12 was detected in the peripheral circulation. Moreover, the combination with programmed death ligand (PD-L1) blockade demonstrated robust synergistic effects. CONCLUSIONS RB-312, the first clinically relevant product incorporating a CRISPRa system with non-gene editing and reversible upregulation of endogenous gene expression that promotes CAR-T cells persistence and effectiveness against HER2-expressing tumors. The autocrine effects of reversible, nanoscale IL-12 production limits the risk of off-tumor leakage and systemic toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhifen Yang
- Refuge Biotechnologies Inc., Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA.
| | | | - Maggie Bobbin
- Refuge Biotechnologies Inc., Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA
| | | | - Jin Yang
- Refuge Biotechnologies Inc., Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA
| | | | | | - Hana Choi
- Refuge Biotechnologies Inc., Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA
| | | | - Qi Cai
- Kite Pharma Inc., Santa Monica, CA, 90404, USA
| | | | - Bing Wang
- Refuge Biotechnologies Inc., Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA
| | - Lei S Qi
- Department of Bioengineering, Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University, ChEM-H, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.
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48
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Xie YJ, Liu WQ, Li D, Hou JC, Coghi PS, Fan XX. Overcoming Suppressive Tumor Microenvironment by Vaccines in Solid Tumor. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:vaccines11020394. [PMID: 36851271 PMCID: PMC9964970 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11020394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Conventional vaccines are widely used to boost human natural ability to defend against foreign invaders, such as bacteria and viruses. Recently, therapeutic cancer vaccines attracted the most attention for anti-cancer therapy. According to the main components, it can be divided into five types: cell, DNA, RNA, peptide, and virus-based vaccines. They mainly perform through two rationales: (1) it trains the host immune system to protect itself and effectively eradicate cancer cells; (2) these vaccines expose the immune system to molecules associated with cancer that enable the immune system to recognize and destroy cancer cells. In this review, we thoroughly summarized the potential strategies and technologies for developing cancer vaccines, which may provide critical achievements for overcoming the suppressive tumor microenvironment through vaccines in solid tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Jia Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau 999078, China
| | - Wen-Qian Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau 999078, China
| | - Dan Li
- Beijing Wante’er Biological Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., No. 32 yard, East 2nd Road, Yanqi Economic Development Zone, Huairou District, Beijing 101400, China
| | - Jin-Cai Hou
- Beijing Wante’er Biological Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., No. 32 yard, East 2nd Road, Yanqi Economic Development Zone, Huairou District, Beijing 101400, China
| | - Paolo Saul Coghi
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau 999078, China
- Correspondence: (P.S.C.); (X.-X.F.)
| | - Xing-Xing Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau 999078, China
- Correspondence: (P.S.C.); (X.-X.F.)
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49
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Lee N, Jeon YH, Yoo J, Shin SK, Lee S, Park MJ, Jung BJ, Hong YK, Lee DS, Oh K. Generation of novel oncolytic vaccinia virus with improved intravenous efficacy through protection against complement-mediated lysis and evasion of neutralization by vaccinia virus-specific antibodies. J Immunother Cancer 2023; 11:jitc-2022-006024. [PMID: 36717184 PMCID: PMC9887704 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2022-006024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oncolytic virus immunotherapy has revolutionized cancer immunotherapy by efficiently inducing both oncolysis and systemic immune activation. Locoregional administration has been used for oncolytic virus therapy, but its applications to deep-seated cancers have been limited. Although systemic delivery of the oncolytic virus would maximize viral immunotherapy's potential, this remains a hurdle due to the rapid removal of the administered virus by the complement and innate immune system. Infected cells produce some vaccinia viruses as extracellular enveloped virions, which evade complement attack and achieve longer survival by expressing host complement regulatory proteins (CRPs) on the host-derived envelope. Here, we generated SJ-600 series oncolytic vaccinia viruses that can mimic complement-resistant extracellular enveloped virions by incorporating human CRP CD55 on the intracellular mature virion (IMV) membrane. METHODS The N-terminus of the human CD55 protein was fused to the transmembrane domains of the six type I membrane proteins of the IMV; the resulting recombinant viruses were named SJ-600 series viruses. The SJ-600 series viruses also expressed human granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) to activate dendritic cells. The viral thymidine kinase (J2R) gene was replaced by genes encoding the CD55 fusion proteins and GM-CSF. RESULTS SJ-600 series viruses expressing human CD55 on the IMV membrane showed resistance to serum virus neutralization. SJ-607 virus, which showed the highest CD55 expression and the highest resistance to serum complement-mediated lysis, exhibited superior anticancer activity in three human cancer xenograft models, compared with the control Pexa-Vec (JX-594) virus, after single-dose intravenous administration. The SJ-607 virus administration elicited neutralizing antibody formation in two immunocompetent mouse strains like the control JX-594 virus. Remarkably, we found that the SJ-607 virus evades neutralization by vaccinia virus-specific antibodies. CONCLUSION Our new oncolytic vaccinia virus platform, which expresses human CD55 protein on its membrane, prolonged viral survival by protecting against complement-mediated lysis and by evading neutralization by vaccinia virus-specific antibodies; this may provide a continuous antitumor efficacy until a complete remission has been achieved. Such a platform may expand the target cancer profile to include deep-seated cancers and widespread metastatic cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Namhee Lee
- Research Center, SillaJen, Inc, Seongnam, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun-Hui Jeon
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea,Wide River Institute of Immunology, Seoul National University, Gangwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiyoon Yoo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea,Wide River Institute of Immunology, Seoul National University, Gangwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Suk-kyung Shin
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea,Wide River Institute of Immunology, Seoul National University, Gangwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Songyi Lee
- Research Center, SillaJen, Inc, Seongnam, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi-Ju Park
- Research Center, SillaJen, Inc, Seongnam, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung-Jin Jung
- Research Center, SillaJen, Inc, Seongnam, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun-Kyoung Hong
- Research Center, SillaJen, Inc, Seongnam, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Sup Lee
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea,Wide River Institute of Immunology, Seoul National University, Gangwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Keunhee Oh
- Research Center, SillaJen, Inc, Seongnam, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
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50
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Fernandes MB, Barata JT. IL-7 and IL-7R in health and disease: An update through COVID times. Adv Biol Regul 2023; 87:100940. [PMID: 36503870 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbior.2022.100940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The role of IL-7 and IL-7R for normal lymphoid development and an adequately functioning immune system has been recognized for long, with severe immune deficiency and lymphoid leukemia as extreme examples of the consequences of deregulation of the IL-7-IL-7R axis. In this review, we provide an update (focusing on the past couple of years) on IL-7 and IL-7R in health and disease. We highlight the findings on IL-7/IL-7R signaling mechanisms and the, sometimes controversial, impact of IL-7 and its receptor on leukocyte biology, COVID-19, acute lymphoblastic leukemia, and different solid tumors, as well as their relevance as therapeutic tools or targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta B Fernandes
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-028, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - João T Barata
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-028, Lisbon, Portugal.
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