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Li X, Ding H, Feng G, Huang Y. Role of angiotensin converting enzyme in pathogenesis associated with immunity in cardiovascular diseases. Life Sci 2024; 352:122903. [PMID: 38986897 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2024.122903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Revised: 06/18/2024] [Accepted: 07/06/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024]
Abstract
Angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) is not only a critical component in the renin-angiotensin system (RAS), but also suggested as an important mediator for immune response and activity, such as immune cell mobilization, metabolism, biogenesis of immunoregulatory molecules, etc. The chronic duration of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) has been increasingly considered to be triggered by uncontrolled pathologic immune reactions from myeloid cells and lymphocytes. Considering the potential anti-inflammatory effect of the traditional antihypertensive ACE inhibitor (ACEi), we attempt to elucidate whether ACE and its catalytically relevant substances as well as signaling pathways play a role in the immunity-related pathogenesis of common CVD, such as arterial hypertension, atherosclerosis and arrythmias. ACEi was also reported to benefit the prognoses of COVID-19-positive patients with CVD, and COVID-19 disease with preexisting CVD or subsequent cardiovascular damage is featured by a significant influx of immune cells and proinflammatory molecules, suggesting that ACE may also participate in COVID-19 induced cardiovascular injury, because COVID-19 disease basically triggers an overactive pathologic immune response. Hopefully, the ACE inhibition and manipulation of those associated bioactive signals could supplement the current medicinal management of various CVD and bring greater benefit to patients' cardiovascular health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyi Li
- Department of Cardiology and Cardiovascular Research Institute, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Huasheng Ding
- Department of Emergency, Shenzhen Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Gaoke Feng
- Department of Cardiology and Cardiovascular Research Institute, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yan Huang
- Department of Cardiology and Cardiovascular Research Institute, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
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2
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Ates G, Tamer S, Ozkok E, Yorulmaz H, Gundogan GI, Aksu A, Balkis N. Utility of melatonin on brain injury, synaptic transmission, and energy metabolism in rats with sepsis. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2024:10.1007/s00210-024-03337-8. [PMID: 39105798 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-024-03337-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2024] [Accepted: 07/25/2024] [Indexed: 08/07/2024]
Abstract
Melatonin is a powerful endogenous antioxidant hormone. Its healing effects on energy balance and neuronal damage associated with oxidative metabolism disorders have been reported in pathologic conditions. We aimed to determinate the utility of melatonin on neuronal damage, synaptic transmission, and energy balance in the brain tissue of rats with sepsis induced with LPS. Rats was divided into four groups such as control, LPS (20 mg/kg i.p.), melatonin (10 mg/kg i.p. × 3), and LPS + Melatonin (LPS + Mel). After 6 h from the first injection, rats were decapitated, and also tissue and serum samples were taken. Lipid peroxidation and neuron-specific enolase (NSE) levels were determined from the serum in all group. High energy compounds, creatine, and creatine phosphate are measured by HPLC methods from the homogenized tissue. Counts of living neurons are marked with NeuN (neuronal nuclei), degenerated neurons are marked with S100-ß and synaptic vesicles transmission is analyzed with synaptophysin antibodies immunoreactivities. One-way ANOVA and post hoc Tukey tests were used to statistical analysis. In LPS group, AMP, ATP, creatine, and creatine phosphate levels were significantly decreased (p < 0.05), and also ADP levels were significantly increased compared with the other groups (p < 0.01). Living neurons counts were significantly decreased in LPS (p < 0.01), melatonin, and LPS + Melatonin (p < 0.05) groups compared with control. Degenerated neurons counts were increased in LPS group compared with control (p < 0.01) and also decreased in both of melatonin and LPS + Melatonin groups (p < 0.01). Synaptophysin immunoreactivity was decreased in LPS group compared with the other groups (p < 0.05). We observed that melatonin administration prevents neuronal damage, regulates energy metabolism, and protects synaptic vesicle proteins from sepsis-induced reduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gulten Ates
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul Yeni Yuzyil University, Yilanlı Ayazma St, Cevizlibag, Istanbul, 34010, Turkey.
| | - Sule Tamer
- Department of Physiology, Istanbul Medical Faculty, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Elif Ozkok
- Department of Neuroscience, Aziz Sancar Institute of Experimental Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Hatice Yorulmaz
- Faculty of Health Science, Halic University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Gul Ipek Gundogan
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Biruni University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Abdullah Aksu
- Department of Chemical Oceanography, Institute of Marine Sciences and Management, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Nuray Balkis
- Department of Chemical Oceanography, Institute of Marine Sciences and Management, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
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3
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Oosthuizen D, Ganief TA, Bernstein KE, Sturrock ED. Proteomic Analysis of Human Macrophages Overexpressing Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:7055. [PMID: 39000163 PMCID: PMC11240931 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25137055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2024] [Revised: 06/21/2024] [Accepted: 06/23/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) exerts strong modulation of myeloid cell function independently of its cardiovascular arm. The success of the ACE-overexpressing murine macrophage model, ACE 10/10, in treating microbial infections and cancer opens a new avenue into whether ACE overexpression in human macrophages shares these benefits. Additionally, as ACE inhibitors are a widely used antihypertensive medication, their impact on ACE expressing immune cells is of interest and currently understudied. In the present study, we utilized mass spectrometry to characterize and assess global proteomic changes in an ACE-overexpressing human THP-1 cell line. Additionally, proteomic changes and cellular uptake following treatment with an ACE C-domain selective inhibitor, lisinopril-tryptophan, were also assessed. ACE activity was significantly reduced following inhibitor treatment, despite limited uptake within the cell, and both RNA processing and immune pathways were significantly dysregulated with treatment. Also present were upregulated energy and TCA cycle proteins and dysregulated cytokine and interleukin signaling proteins with ACE overexpression. A novel, functionally enriched immune pathway that appeared both with ACE overexpression and inhibitor treatment was neutrophil degranulation. ACE overexpression within human macrophages showed similarities with ACE 10/10 murine macrophages, paving the way for mechanistic studies aimed at understanding the altered immune function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Delia Oosthuizen
- Division of Chemical, Systems and Synthetic Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Institute for Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Observatory 7925, South Africa
| | - Tariq A. Ganief
- Division of Chemical, Systems and Synthetic Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Institute for Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Observatory 7925, South Africa
| | - Kenneth E. Bernstein
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 8700 Beverly Blvd., Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 8700 Beverly Blvd., Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Edward D. Sturrock
- Division of Chemical, Systems and Synthetic Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Institute for Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Observatory 7925, South Africa
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Bernstein KE, Cao D, Shibata T, Saito S, Bernstein EA, Nishi E, Yamashita M, Tourtellotte WG, Zhao TV, Khan Z. Classical and nonclassical effects of angiotensin-converting enzyme: How increased ACE enhances myeloid immune function. J Biol Chem 2024; 300:107388. [PMID: 38763333 PMCID: PMC11208953 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2024.107388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2024] [Revised: 05/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/21/2024] Open
Abstract
As part of the classical renin-angiotensin system, the peptidase angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) makes angiotensin II which has myriad effects on systemic cardiovascular function, inflammation, and cellular proliferation. Less well known is that macrophages and neutrophils make ACE in response to immune activation which has marked effects on myeloid cell function independent of angiotensin II. Here, we discuss both classical (angiotensin) and nonclassical functions of ACE and highlight mice called ACE 10/10 in which genetic manipulation increases ACE expression by macrophages and makes these mice much more resistant to models of tumors, infection, atherosclerosis, and Alzheimer's disease. In another model called NeuACE mice, neutrophils make increased ACE and these mice are much more resistant to infection. In contrast, ACE inhibitors reduce neutrophil killing of bacteria in mice and humans. Increased expression of ACE induces a marked increase in macrophage oxidative metabolism, particularly mitochondrial oxidation of lipids, secondary to increased peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α expression, and results in increased myeloid cell ATP. ACE present in sperm has a similar metabolic effect, and the lack of ACE activity in these cells reduces both sperm motility and fertilization capacity. These nonclassical effects of ACE are not due to the actions of angiotensin II but to an unknown molecule, probably a peptide, that triggers a profound change in myeloid cell metabolism and function. Purifying and characterizing this peptide could offer a new treatment for several diseases and prove potentially lucrative.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth E Bernstein
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA.
| | - DuoYao Cao
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Tomohiro Shibata
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Suguru Saito
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Ellen A Bernstein
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Erika Nishi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA; Department of Physiology, São Paulo School of Medicine, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Michifumi Yamashita
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Warren G Tourtellotte
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Tuantuan V Zhao
- Research Oncology, Gilead Sciences, Foster City, California, USA
| | - Zakir Khan
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA; Institute for Myeloma & Bone Cancer Research, West Hollywood, California, USA
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5
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de Cavanagh EMV, Inserra F, Ferder L. Renin-angiotensin system inhibitors positively impact on multiple aging regulatory pathways: Could they be used to protect against human aging? Physiol Rep 2024; 12:e16094. [PMID: 38924381 PMCID: PMC11200104 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.16094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Revised: 05/18/2024] [Accepted: 05/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The renin-angiotensin system (RAS)-a classical blood pressure regulator-largely contributes to healthy organ development and function. Besides, RAS activation promotes age-related changes and age-associated diseases, which are attenuated/abolished by RAS-blockade in several mammalian species. RAS-blockers also increase rodent lifespan. In previous work, we discussed how RAS-blockade downregulates mTOR and growth hormone/IGF-1 signaling, and stimulates AMPK activity (together with klotho, sirtuin, and vitamin D-receptor upregulation), and proposed that at least some of RAS-blockade's aging benefits are mediated through regulation of these intermediaries and their signaling to mitochondria. Here, we included RAS-blockade's impact on other aging regulatory pathways, that is, TGF-ß, NF-kB, PI3K, MAPK, PKC, Notch, and Wnt, all of which affect mitochondria. No direct evidence is available on RAS/RAS-blockade-aging regulatory pathway-mitochondria interactions. However, existing results allow to conjecture that RAS-blockers neutralize mitochondrial dysfunction by acting on the discussed pathways. The reviewed evidence led us to propose that the foundation is laid for conducting clinical trials aimed at testing whether angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEi) or angiotensin receptor blockers (ARB)-even at subclinical doses-offer the possibility to live longer and in better health. As ACEi and ARB are low cost and well-tolerated anti-hypertension therapies in use for over 35 years, investigating their administration to attenuate/prevent aging effects seems simple to implement.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Felipe Inserra
- Department of MedicineMaimonides UniversityBuenos AiresArgentina
- Master of Vascular Mechanics and Arterial Hypertension, Postgraduate DepartmentAustral UniversityPilarArgentina
| | - León Ferder
- Department of MedicineMaimonides UniversityBuenos AiresArgentina
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Xu L, Chen F, Fan W, Saito S, Cao D. The role of γδT lymphocytes in atherosclerosis. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1369202. [PMID: 38774876 PMCID: PMC11106432 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1369202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis poses a significant threat to human health, impacting overall well-being and imposing substantial financial burdens. Current treatment strategies mainly focus on managing low-density lipids (LDL) and optimizing liver functions. However, it's crucial to recognize that Atherosclerosis involves more than just lipid accumulation; it entails a complex interplay of immune responses. Research highlights the pivotal role of lipid-laden macrophages in the formation of atherosclerotic plaques. These macrophages attract lymphocytes like CD4 and CD8 to the inflamed site, potentially intensifying the inflammatory response. γδ T lymphocytes, with their diverse functions in innate and adaptive immune responses, pathogen defense, antigen presentation, and inflammation regulation, have been implicated in the early stages of Atherosclerosis. However, our understanding of the roles of γδ T cells in Atherosclerosis remains limited. This mini-review aims to shed light on the characteristics and functions of γδ T cells in Atherosclerosis. By gaining insights into the roles of γδ T cells, we may uncover a promising strategy to mitigate plaque buildup and dampen the inflammatory response, thereby opening new avenues for effectively managing this condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- LiMin Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shenzhen Entry-Exit Frontier Inspection Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Fanfan Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People’s Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Wei Fan
- Karsh Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Suguru Saito
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - DuoYao Cao
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States
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7
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Saito S, Cao D, Bernstein EA, Jones AE, Rios A, Hoshi AO, Stotland AB, Nishi EE, Shibata T, Ahmed F, Van Eyk JE, Divakaruni A, Khan Z, Bernstein KE. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha is essential factor in enhanced macrophage immune function induced by angiotensin converting enzyme. RESEARCH SQUARE 2024:rs.3.rs-4255086. [PMID: 38746124 PMCID: PMC11092867 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-4255086/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
An upregulation of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) expression strengthens the immune activity of myeloid lineage cells as a natural functional regulation mechanism in our immunity. ACE10/10 mice, possessing increased ACE expression in macrophages, exhibit enhanced anti-tumor immunity and anti-bactericidal effects compared to those of wild type (WT) mice, while the detailed molecular mechanism has not been elucidated yet. In this report, we demonstrate that peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARα) is a key molecule in the functional upregulation of macrophages induced by ACE. The expression of PPARα, a transcription factor regulating fatty acid metabolism-associated gene expressions, was upregulated in ACE-overexpressing macrophages. To pinpoint the role of PPARα in the enhanced immune function of ACE-overexpressing macrophages, we established a line with myeloid lineage-selective PPARα depletion employing the Lysozyme 2 (LysM)-Cre system based on ACE 10/10 mice (named A10-PPARα-Cre). Interestingly, A10-PPARα-Cre mice exhibited larger B16-F10-originated tumors than original ACE 10/10 mice. PPARα depletion impaired cytokine production and antigen-presenting activity in ACE-overexpressing macrophages, resulting in reduced tumor antigen-specific CD8+ T cell activity. Additionally, the anti-bactericidal effect was also impaired in A10-PPARα-Cre mice, resulting in similar bacterial colonization to WT mice in Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infection. PPARα depletion downregulated phagocytic activity and bacteria killing in ACE-overexpressing macrophages. Moreover, THP-1-ACE-derived macrophages, as a human model, expressing upregulated PPARα exhibited enhanced cytotoxicity against B16-F10 cells and MRSA killing. These activities were further enhanced by the PPARα agonist, WY 14643, while abolished by the antagonist, GW6471, in THP-1-ACE cells. Thus, PPARα is an indispensable molecule in ACE-dependent functional upregulation of macrophages in both mice and humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suguru Saito
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - DuoYao Cao
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Ellen A. Bernstein
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Anthony E. Jones
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Amy Rios
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Aoi O. Hoshi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
- Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Science, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058577, Japan
| | - Aleksandr B. Stotland
- Department of Cardiology, Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA
| | - Erika E. Nishi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
- Department of Physiology, São Paulo School of Medicine, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Rua Botucatu, 862 terreo, Sao Paulo, 04023-062, Brazil
| | - Tomohiro Shibata
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Faizan Ahmed
- Division of Gastroenterology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Jennifer E. Van Eyk
- Department of Cardiology, Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA
| | - Ajit Divakaruni
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Zakir Khan
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Kenneth E. Bernstein
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
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Chu G, Guan M, Jin J, Luo Y, Luo Z, Shi T, Liu T, Zhang C, Wang Y. Mechanochemically Reprogrammed Interface Orchestrates Neutrophil Bactericidal Activity and Apoptosis for Preventing Implant-Associated Infection. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2311855. [PMID: 38164817 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202311855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
The onset of implant-associated infection (IAI) triggers a cascade of immune responses, which are initially dominated by neutrophils. Bacterial aggregate formation and hypoxic microenvironment, which occur shortly after implantation, may be two major risk factors that impair neutrophil function and lead to IAI. Here, the implant surface with phytic acid-Zn2+ coordinated TiO2 nanopillar arrays (PA-Zn@TiNPs) and oxygen self-supporting CaO2 nanoparticles, named as CPZTs, is mechanochemically reprogrammed. The engineered CPZTs interface integrates multiple properties to inhibit the formation of nascent biofilm, encompassing antibacterial adhesion, mechanobactericidal effect, and chemobiocidal effect. Meanwhile, continuous oxygenation fuels the neutrophils with reactive oxygen species (ROS) for efficient bacterial elimination on the implant surface and inside the neutrophils. Furthermore, this surface modulation strategy accelerates neutrophil apoptosis and promotes M2 macrophage-mediated osteogenesis both in vitro and in a rat model of IAI. In conclusion, targeting neutrophils for immunomodulation is a practical and effective strategy to prevent IAI and promote bone-implant integration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangyu Chu
- Spine Lab, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Ming Guan
- Spine Lab, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Jiale Jin
- Spine Lab, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Yao Luo
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230001, China
| | - Zhiyuan Luo
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Tingwang Shi
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Tao Liu
- Spine Lab, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Chunlei Zhang
- Institute of Nano Biomedicine and Engineering, Shanghai Engineering Research Center for Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment Instrument, School of Sensing Science and Engineering, School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Yue Wang
- Spine Lab, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310003, China
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Rao A, Bhat SA, Shibata T, Giani JF, Rader F, Bernstein KE, Khan Z. Diverse biological functions of the renin-angiotensin system. Med Res Rev 2024; 44:587-605. [PMID: 37947345 DOI: 10.1002/med.21996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/29/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
The renin-angiotensin system (RAS) has been widely known as a circulating endocrine system involved in the control of blood pressure. However, components of RAS have been found to be localized in rather unexpected sites in the body including the kidneys, brain, bone marrow, immune cells, and reproductive system. These discoveries have led to steady, growing evidence of the existence of independent tissue RAS specific to several parts of the body. It is important to understand how RAS regulates these systems for a variety of reasons: It gives a better overall picture of human physiology, helps to understand and mitigate the unintended consequences of RAS-inhibiting or activating drugs, and sets the stage for potential new therapies for a variety of ailments. This review fulfills the need for an updated overview of knowledge about local tissue RAS in several bodily systems, including their components, functions, and medical implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adithi Rao
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Shabir A Bhat
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Tomohiro Shibata
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Jorge F Giani
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Florian Rader
- Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Kenneth E Bernstein
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Zakir Khan
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
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10
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Shibata T, Bhat SA, Cao D, Saito S, Bernstein EA, Nishi E, Medenilla JD, Wang ET, Chan JL, Pisarska MD, Tourtellotte WG, Giani JF, Bernstein KE, Khan Z. Testicular ACE regulates sperm metabolism and fertilization through the transcription factor PPARγ. J Biol Chem 2024; 300:105486. [PMID: 37992807 PMCID: PMC10788540 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.105486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Revised: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Testis angiotensin-converting enzyme (tACE) plays a critical role in male fertility, but the mechanism is unknown. By using ACE C-domain KO (CKO) mice which lack tACE activity, we found that ATP in CKO sperm was 9.4-fold lower than WT sperm. Similarly, an ACE inhibitor (ACEi) reduced ATP production in mouse sperm by 72%. Metabolic profiling showed that tACE inactivation severely affects oxidative metabolism with decreases in several Krebs cycle intermediates including citric acid, cis-aconitic acid, NAD, α-ketoglutaric acid, succinate, and L-malic acid. We found that sperms lacking tACE activity displayed lower levels of oxidative enzymes (CISY, ODO1, MDHM, QCR2, SDHA, FUMH, CPT2, and ATPA) leading to a decreased mitochondrial respiration rate. The reduced energy production in CKO sperms leads to defects in their physiological functions including motility, acrosine activity, and fertilization in vitro and in vivo. Male mice treated with ACEi show severe impairment in reproductive capacity when mated with female mice. In contrast, an angiotensin II receptor blocker (ARB) had no effect. CKO sperms express significantly less peroxisome proliferators-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) transcription factor, and its blockade eliminates the functional differences between CKO and WT sperms, indicating PPARγ might mediate the effects of tACE on sperm metabolism. Finally, in a cohort of human volunteers, in vitro treatment with the ramipril or a PPARγ inhibitor reduced ATP production in human sperm and hence its motility and acrosine activity. These findings may have clinical significance since millions of people take ACEi daily, including men who are reproductively active.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomohiro Shibata
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Shabir A Bhat
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - DuoYao Cao
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Suguru Saito
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Ellen A Bernstein
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Erika Nishi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Juliet D Medenilla
- Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Erica T Wang
- Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Jessica L Chan
- Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Margareta D Pisarska
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA; Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Warren G Tourtellotte
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA; Department of Neurology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Jorge F Giani
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Kenneth E Bernstein
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Zakir Khan
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA.
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11
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Cao D, Saito S. Editorial: Role of angiotensin-converting enzyme in myeloid immune functions. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1297995. [PMID: 37841317 PMCID: PMC10569411 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1297995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- DuoYao Cao
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States
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12
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Cao D, Khan Z, Li X, Saito S, Bernstein EA, Victor AR, Ahmed F, Hoshi AO, Veiras LC, Shibata T, Che M, Cai L, Yamashita M, Temel RE, Giani JF, Luthringer DJ, Divakaruni AS, Okwan-Duodu D, Bernstein KE. Macrophage angiotensin-converting enzyme reduces atherosclerosis by increasing peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α and fundamentally changing lipid metabolism. Cardiovasc Res 2023; 119:1825-1841. [PMID: 37225143 PMCID: PMC10681664 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvad082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Revised: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS The metabolic failure of macrophages to adequately process lipid is central to the aetiology of atherosclerosis. Here, we examine the role of macrophage angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) in a mouse model of PCSK9-induced atherosclerosis. METHODS AND RESULTS Atherosclerosis in mice was induced with AAV-PCSK9 and a high-fat diet. Animals with increased macrophage ACE (ACE 10/10 mice) have a marked reduction in atherosclerosis vs. WT mice. Macrophages from both the aorta and peritoneum of ACE 10/10 express increased PPARα and have a profoundly altered phenotype to process lipids characterized by higher levels of the surface scavenger receptor CD36, increased uptake of lipid, increased capacity to transport long chain fatty acids into mitochondria, higher oxidative metabolism and lipid β-oxidation as determined using 13C isotope tracing, increased cell ATP, increased capacity for efferocytosis, increased concentrations of the lipid transporters ABCA1 and ABCG1, and increased cholesterol efflux. These effects are mostly independent of angiotensin II. Human THP-1 cells, when modified to express more ACE, increase expression of PPARα, increase cell ATP and acetyl-CoA, and increase cell efferocytosis. CONCLUSION Increased macrophage ACE expression enhances macrophage lipid metabolism, cholesterol efflux, efferocytosis, and it reduces atherosclerosis. This has implications for the treatment of cardiovascular disease with angiotensin II receptor antagonists vs. ACE inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- DuoYao Cao
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 8700 Beverly Blvd, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Zakir Khan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 8700 Beverly Blvd, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 8700 Beverly Blvd, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Xiaomo Li
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 8700 Beverly Blvd, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Suguru Saito
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 8700 Beverly Blvd, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Ellen A Bernstein
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 8700 Beverly Blvd, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Aaron R Victor
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 8700 Beverly Blvd, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Faizan Ahmed
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 8700 Beverly Blvd, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Aoi O Hoshi
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 8700 Beverly Blvd, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Luciana C Veiras
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 8700 Beverly Blvd, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Tomohiro Shibata
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 8700 Beverly Blvd, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Mingtian Che
- Biobank and Pathology Shared Resource, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Lei Cai
- Saha Cardiovascular Research Center and Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Michifumi Yamashita
- Saha Cardiovascular Research Center and Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Ryan E Temel
- Saha Cardiovascular Research Center and Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Jorge F Giani
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 8700 Beverly Blvd, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 8700 Beverly Blvd, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Daniel J Luthringer
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 8700 Beverly Blvd, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Ajit S Divakaruni
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, UCLA David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Derick Okwan-Duodu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 8700 Beverly Blvd, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 8700 Beverly Blvd, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Kenneth E Bernstein
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 8700 Beverly Blvd, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 8700 Beverly Blvd, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
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13
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Ketkar H, Alqahtani M, Tang S, Parambath SP, Bakshi CS, Jain S. Chronically hypertensive transgenic mice expressing human AT1R haplotype-I exhibit increased susceptibility to Francisella tularensis. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1173577. [PMID: 37266014 PMCID: PMC10229887 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1173577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Age-related illnesses, including hypertension and accompanying metabolic disorders, compromise immunity and exacerbate infection-associated fatalities. Renin-angiotensin system (RAS) is the key mechanism that controls blood pressure. Upregulation of RAS through angiotensin receptor type 1 (AT1R), a G-protein coupled receptor, contributes to the pathophysiological consequences leading to vascular remodeling, hypertension, and end-organ damage. Genetic variations that increase the expression of human AT1R may cause the above pathological outcomes associated with hypertension. Previously we have shown that our chronically hypertensive transgenic (TG) mice containing the haplotype-I variant (Hap-I, hypertensive genotype) of human AT1R (hAT1R) gene are more prone to develop the metabolic syndrome-related disorders as compared to the TG mice containing the haplotype-II variant (Hap-II, normotensive genotype). Since aging and an increased risk of hypertension can impact multiple organ systems in a complex manner, including susceptibility to various infections, the current study investigated the susceptibility and potential effect of acute bacterial infection using a Gram-negative intracellular bacterial pathogen, Francisella tularensis in our hAT1R TG mice. Our results show that compared to Hap-II, F. tularensis-infected aged Hap-I TG mice have significantly higher mortality post-infection, higher bacterial load and lung pathology, elevated inflammatory cytokines and altered gene expression profile favoring hypertension and inflammation. Consistent with worsened phenotype in aged Hap-I mice post-Francisella infection, gene expression profiles from their lungs revealed significantly altered expression of more than 1,400 genes. Furthermore, bioinformatics analysis identified genes associated with RAS and IFN-γ pathways regulating blood pressure and inflammation. These studies demonstrate that haplotype-dependent over-expression of the hAT1R gene leads to enhanced susceptibility and lethality due to F. tularensis LVS infection, which gets aggravated in aged animals. Clinically, these findings will help in exploring the role of AT1R-induced hypertension and enhanced susceptibility to infection-related respiratory diseases.
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14
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Serezani CH, Divangahi M, Peters-Golden M. Leukotrienes in Innate Immunity: Still Underappreciated after All These Years? JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2023; 210:221-227. [PMID: 36649580 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2200599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Leukotrienes (LTs) are lipid mediators derived from the 5-lipoxygenase pathway of arachidonate metabolism. Though best known for their role in asthma, they have broad actions that touch on virtually every aspect of mammalian biology. In a Brief Review published in the journal in 2005, we presented the existing evidence supporting a role for LTs in host defense. In this updated Brief Review, we focus on selected advances since then. We detail new insights into mechanisms and regulation of LT biosynthesis; the protective roles of LTs in the host response to diverse classes of pathogens, with an emphasis on viruses, including SARS-CoV-2; the phagocyte signal transduction mechanisms by which LTs exert their antimicrobial actions; the capacity for overexuberant LT production to promote tissue damage; and roles of LTs in the noninfectious immune-relevant conditions neuroinflammation and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Henrique Serezani
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
- Vanderbilt Institute of Infection, Immunology, and Inflammation, Vanderbilt Center for Immunobiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | - Maziar Divangahi
- Department of Medicine, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Pathology, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Meakins-Christie Laboratories, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada
- McGill International TB Centre, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Marc Peters-Golden
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI; and
- Graduate Program in Immunology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI
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15
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Progressive development of melanoma-induced cachexia differentially impacts organ systems in mice. Cell Rep 2023; 42:111934. [PMID: 36640353 PMCID: PMC9983329 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.111934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Revised: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Cachexia is a systemic wasting syndrome that increases cancer-associated mortality. How cachexia progressively and differentially impacts distinct tissues is largely unknown. Here, we find that the heart and skeletal muscle undergo wasting at early stages and are the tissues transcriptionally most impacted by cachexia. We also identify general and organ-specific transcriptional changes that indicate functional derangement by cachexia even in tissues that do not undergo wasting, such as the brain. Secreted factors constitute a top category of cancer-regulated genes in host tissues, and these changes include upregulation of the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE). ACE inhibition with the drug lisinopril improves muscle force and partially impedes cachexia-induced transcriptional changes, although wasting is not prevented, suggesting that cancer-induced host-secreted factors can regulate tissue function during cachexia. Altogether, by defining prevalent and temporal and tissue-specific responses to cachexia, this resource highlights biomarkers and possible targets for general and tissue-tailored anti-cachexia therapies.
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16
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Association between Antihypertensive Therapy and Risk of Acute Lower Respiratory Infections (ALRI): A Retrospective Cohort Study. Healthcare (Basel) 2022; 10:healthcare10112318. [PMID: 36421642 PMCID: PMC9690450 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare10112318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Revised: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: The aim of this study was to analyze the association between antihypertensive drugs and the incidence of acute lower respiratory infections in patients treated in general practices in Germany. Methods: After propensity score matching of five antihypertensive drug classes, a total of 377,470 patients aged ≥18 years were available for analysis. The association between each antihypertensive drug class and ALRI incidence as compared to all other antihypertensive drug classes (as a group) was studied using conditional Cox regression analyses. Because of multiple comparisons and large patient samples, findings were clinically considered relevant when the hazard ratio was <0.85 or >1.15. Results: The regression analyses applied found no clinically relevant associations between antihypertensive drugs and the incidence of acute lower respiratory infections, as all hazard ratios were between 0.85 and 1.15. Conclusion: In the present study, only slight and not clinically relevant increases or decreases in the ALRI incidence were observed. Additional studies are necessary to further explore the risks associated with antihypertensive agents that are widely embedded in today’s clinical practice.
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17
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Saito S, Okuno A, Maekawa T, Kobayashi R, Yamashita O, Tsujimura N, Inaba M, Kageyama Y, Tsuji NM. Lymphocyte antigen 6 complex locus G6D downregulation is a novel parameter for functional impairment of neutrophils in aged mice. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1001179. [PMID: 36389807 PMCID: PMC9647080 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1001179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunological aging is a critical event that causes serious functional impairment in the innate immune system. However, the identification markers and parameters are still poorly understood in immunological aging of myeloid lineage cells. Here, we show that a downregulation of lymphocyte antigen 6 complex locus G6D (Ly-6G) observed in aged mouse neutrophils could serve as a novel marker for the prediction of age-associated functional impairment in the neutrophils. Ly-6G expression was significantly downregulated in the bone marrow (BM) neutrophils of aged mice compared to young mice confirmed by flow cytometry analysis. In vitro experiments using BM-isolated neutrophils showed significant downregulations in their activities, such as phagocytosis, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, interleukin (IL)-1β production, neutrophil extracellular trap (NET) formation, and migration as well as bacterial clearance, in the aged mouse neutrophils compared to those of young mice counterparts. Interestingly, the magnitudes of functional parameters were strongly correlated with the Ly-6G expression in the neutrophils. Thus, our results suggest that downregulation of Ly-6G reflects the age-associated functional attenuation of the neutrophils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suguru Saito
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Engineering, Department of Life Technology and Science, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Japan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Department of Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
- *Correspondence: Suguru Saito, ; ; Noriko M. Tsuji, ;
| | - Alato Okuno
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Engineering, Department of Life Technology and Science, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Japan
- Department of Health and Nutrition, Faculty of Human Design, Shibata Gakuen University, Aomori, Japan
| | - Toshio Maekawa
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Engineering, Department of Life Technology and Science, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Japan
- Division of Immune Homeostasis, Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- Division of Microbiology, Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- iFoodMed Inc., Tsuchiura, Japan
| | - Ryoki Kobayashi
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Engineering, Department of Life Technology and Science, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Japan
- Division of Immune Homeostasis, Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- iFoodMed Inc., Tsuchiura, Japan
- Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Department of Infection and Immunology, Nihon University School of Dentistry at Matsudo, Matsudo, Japan
| | - Osamu Yamashita
- Technical Service Department, CLEA Japan, Inc., Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Morihiko Inaba
- Tokyo Animal and Diet Department, CLEA Japan, Inc., Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasushi Kageyama
- Tokyo Animal and Diet Department, CLEA Japan, Inc., Tokyo, Japan
| | - Noriko M. Tsuji
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Engineering, Department of Life Technology and Science, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Japan
- Division of Immune Homeostasis, Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- Division of Microbiology, Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- iFoodMed Inc., Tsuchiura, Japan
- Department of Food Science, Jumonji University, Niiza, Japan
- *Correspondence: Suguru Saito, ; ; Noriko M. Tsuji, ;
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18
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Saito S, Tatsumoto N, Cao DY, Nosaka N, Nishi H, Leal DN, Bernstein E, Shimada K, Arditi M, Bernstein KE, Yamashita M. Overexpressed angiotensin-converting enzyme in neutrophils suppresses glomerular damage in crescentic glomerulonephritis. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2022; 323:F411-F424. [PMID: 35979968 PMCID: PMC9484997 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00067.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Revised: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
While angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) regulates blood pressure by producing angiotensin II as part of the renin-angiotensin system, we recently reported that elevated ACE in neutrophils promotes an effective immune response and increases resistance to infection. Here, we investigate if such neutrophils protect against renal injury in immune complex (IC)-mediated crescentic glomerulonephritis (GN) through complement. Nephrotoxic serum nephritis (NTN) was induced in wild-type and NeuACE mice that overexpress ACE in neutrophils. Glomerular injury of NTN in NeuACE mice was attenuated with much less proteinuria, milder histological injury, and reduced IC deposits, but presented with more glomerular neutrophils in the early stage of the disease. There were no significant defects in T and B cell functions in NeuACE mice. NeuACE neutrophils exhibited enhanced IC uptake with elevated surface expression of FcγRII/III and complement receptor CR1/2. IC uptake in neutrophils was enhanced by NeuACE serum containing elevated complement C3b. Given no significant complement activation by ACE, this suggests that neutrophil ACE indirectly preactivates C3 and that the C3b-CR1/2 axis and elevated FcγRII/III play a central role in IC elimination by neutrophils, resulting in reduced glomerular injury. The present study identified a novel renoprotective role of ACE in glomerulonephritis; elevated neutrophilic ACE promotes elimination of locally formed ICs in glomeruli via C3b-CR1/2 and FcγRII/III, ameliorating glomerular injury.NEW & NOTEWORTHY We studied immune complex (IC)-mediated crescentic glomerulonephritis in NeuACE mice that overexpress ACE only in neutrophils. Such mice show no significant defects in humoral immunity but strongly resist nephrotoxic serum nephritis (less proteinuria, milder histological damage, reduced IC deposits, and more glomerular neutrophils). NeuACE neutrophils enhanced IC uptake via increased surface expression of CR1/2 and FcgRII/III, as well as elevated serum complement C3b. These results suggest neutrophil ACE as a novel approach to reducing glomerulonephritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suguru Saito
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California
| | - Narihito Tatsumoto
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California
| | - Duo-Yao Cao
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California
| | - Nobuyuki Nosaka
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California
| | - Hiroshi Nishi
- Division of Nephrology and Endocrinology, The University of Tokyo Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Daniel N Leal
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California
| | - Ellen Bernstein
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California
| | - Kenichi Shimada
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Infectious and Immunologic Diseases Research Center, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California
| | - Moshe Arditi
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Infectious and Immunologic Diseases Research Center, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California
| | - Kenneth E Bernstein
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California
| | - Michifumi Yamashita
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California
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The landscape of immune cell infiltration in the glomerulus of diabetic nephropathy: evidence based on bioinformatics. BMC Nephrol 2022; 23:303. [PMID: 36064366 PMCID: PMC9442983 DOI: 10.1186/s12882-022-02906-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Increasing evidence suggests that immune cell infiltration contributes to the pathogenesis and progression of diabetic nephropathy (DN). We aim to unveil the immune infiltration pattern in the glomerulus of DN and provide potential targets for immunotherapy. Methods Infiltrating percentage of 22 types of immune cell in the glomerulus tissues were estimated by the CIBERSORT algorithm based on three transcriptome datasets mined from the GEO database. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified by the “limma” package. Then immune-related DEGs were identified by intersecting DEGs with immune-related genes (downloaded from Immport database). The protein–protein interactions of Immune-related DEGs were explored using the STRING database and visualized by Cytoscape. The enrichment analyses for KEGG pathways and GO terms were carried out by the gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) method. Results 11 types of immune cell were revealed to be significantly altered in the glomerulus tissues of DN (Up: B cells memory, T cells gamma delta, NK cells activated, Macrophages.M1, Macrophages M2, Dendritic cells resting, Mast cells resting; Down: B cells naive, NK cells resting, Mast cells activated, Neutrophils). Several pathways related to immune, autophagy and metabolic process were significantly activated. Moreover, 6 hub genes with a medium to strong correlation with renal function (eGFR) were identified (SERPINA3, LTF, C3, PTGDS, EGF and ALB). Conclusion In the glomerulus of DN, the immune infiltration pattern changed significantly. A complicated and tightly regulated network of immune cells exists in the pathological of DN. The hub genes identified here will facilitate the development of immunotherapy. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12882-022-02906-4.
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Exploring the Impact of ACE Inhibition in Immunity and Disease. J Renin Angiotensin Aldosterone Syst 2022; 2022:9028969. [PMID: 36016727 PMCID: PMC9371878 DOI: 10.1155/2022/9028969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) is a zinc-dependent dipeptidyl carboxypeptidase and is crucial in the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) but also implicated in immune regulation. Intrinsic ACE has been detected in several immune cell populations, including macrophages and neutrophils, where its overexpression results in enhanced bactericidal and antitumour responses, independent of angiotensin II. With roles in antigen presentation and inflammation, the impact of ACE inhibitors must be explored to understand how ACE inhibition may impact our ability to clear infections or malignancy, particularly in the wake of the coronavirus (SARS-CoV2) pandemic and as antibiotic resistance grows. Patients using ACE inhibitors may be more at risk of postsurgical complications as ACE inhibition in human neutrophils results in decreased ROS and phagocytosis whilst angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) have no effect. In contrast, ACE is also elevated in certain autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis and lupus, and its inhibition benefits patient outcome where inflammatory immune cells are overactive. Although the ACE autoimmune landscape is changing, some studies have conflicting results and require further input. This review seeks to highlight the need for further research covering ACE inhibitor therapeutics and their potential role in improving autoimmune conditions, cancer, or how they may contribute to immunocompromise during infection and neurodegenerative diseases. Understanding ACE inhibition in immune cells is a developing field that will alter how ACE inhibitors are designed in future and aid in developing therapeutic interventions.
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The immunomodulatory effects of antihypertensive therapy: A review. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 153:113287. [PMID: 35728352 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Revised: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypertension remains the leading preventable risk factor for stroke and coronary artery disease, significantly contributing to all-cause global mortality and predisposing patients to renal and heart failure, as well as peripheral vascular disease. Due to the widespread usage of antihypertensive drugs, global mean blood pressure has remained unchanged or even slightly decreased over the past four decades. However, considering the broad spectrum of mechanisms involved in the action of antihypertensive drugs and the prevalence of their target receptors on immune cells, possible immunomodulatory effects which may exert beneficial effects of lowering blood pressure but also potentially alter immune function should be considered. In this review, we attempt to assess the consequences to immune system function of administering the five most commonly prescribed groups of antihypertensive drugs and to explain the mechanisms behind those interactions. Finally, we show potential gaps in our understanding of the effects of antihypertensive drugs on patient health. With regard to the widespread use of these drugs in the adult population worldwide, the discussed results may be of vital importance to evidence-based decision-making in daily clinical practice.
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22
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Cao D, Veiras L, Ahmed F, Shibata T, Bernstein EA, Okwan-Duodu D, Giani JF, Khan Z, Bernstein KE. The non-cardiovascular actions of ACE. Peptides 2022; 152:170769. [PMID: 35182689 PMCID: PMC10405936 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2022.170769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Revised: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) is well known for its role producing the vasoconstrictor angiotensin II and ACE inhibitors are commonly used for treating hypertension and cardiovascular disease. However, ACE has many different substrates besides angiotensin I and plays a role in many different physiologic processes. Here, we discuss the role of ACE in the immune response. Several studies in mice indicate that increased expression of ACE by macrophages or neutrophils enhances the ability of these cells to respond to immune challenges such as infection, neoplasm, Alzheimer's disease, and atherosclerosis. Increased expression of ACE induces increased oxidative metabolism with an increase in cell content of ATP. In contrast, ACE inhibitors have the opposite effect, and in both humans and mice, administration of ACE inhibitors reduces the ability of neutrophils to kill bacteria. Understanding how ACE affects the immune response may provide a means to increase immunity in a variety of chronic conditions now not treated through immune manipulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- DuoYao Cao
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles CA 90048, USA
| | - Luciana Veiras
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles CA 90048, USA
| | - Faizan Ahmed
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles CA 90048, USA
| | - Tomohiro Shibata
- Department of Pathology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles CA 90048, USA
| | - Ellen A Bernstein
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles CA 90048, USA
| | - Derick Okwan-Duodu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles CA 90048, USA; Department of Pathology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles CA 90048, USA
| | - Jorge F Giani
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles CA 90048, USA
| | - Zakir Khan
- Department of Pathology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles CA 90048, USA
| | - Kenneth E Bernstein
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles CA 90048, USA; Department of Pathology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles CA 90048, USA
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23
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Tavares LP, Melo EM, Sousa LP, Teixeira MM. Pro-resolving therapies as potential adjunct treatment for infectious diseases: Evidence from studies with annexin A1 and angiotensin-(1-7). Semin Immunol 2022; 59:101601. [PMID: 35219595 DOI: 10.1016/j.smim.2022.101601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Revised: 02/06/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Infectious diseases, once believed to be an eradicable public health threat, still represent a leading cause of death worldwide. Environmental and social changes continuously favor the emergence of new pathogens and rapid dissemination around the world. The limited availability of anti-viral therapies and increased antibiotic resistance has made the therapeutic management of infectious disease a major challenge. Inflammation is a primordial defense to protect the host against invading microorganisms. However, dysfunctional inflammatory responses contribute to disease severity and mortality during infections. In recent years, a few studies have examined the relevance of resolution of inflammation in the context of infections. Inflammation resolution is an active integrated process transduced by several pro-resolving mediators, including Annexin A1 and Angiotensin-(1-7). Here, we examine some of the cellular and molecular circuits triggered by pro-resolving molecules and that may be beneficial in the context of infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luciana Pádua Tavares
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Eliza Mathias Melo
- Immunopharmacology Laboratory, Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Lirlândia Pires Sousa
- Signaling in Inflammation Laboratory, Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil.
| | - Mauro Martins Teixeira
- Immunopharmacology Laboratory, Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
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24
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ACE inhibitors impair neutrophil bacterial killing. Nat Rev Nephrol 2021; 17:633. [PMID: 34385675 DOI: 10.1038/s41581-021-00480-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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