1
|
Guliyeva G, Huayllani MT, Sharma NT, Janis JE. Practical Review of Necrotizing Fasciitis: Principles and Evidence-based Management. PLASTIC AND RECONSTRUCTIVE SURGERY-GLOBAL OPEN 2024; 12:e5533. [PMID: 38250213 PMCID: PMC10798703 DOI: 10.1097/gox.0000000000005533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
Necrotizing fasciitis is a severe, life-threatening soft tissue infection that presents as a surgical emergency. It is characterized by a rapid progression of inflammation leading to extensive tissue necrosis and destruction. Nonetheless, the diagnosis might be missed or delayed due to variable and nonspecific clinical presentation, contributing to high mortality rates. Therefore, early diagnosis and prompt, aggressive medical and surgical treatment are paramount. In this review, we highlight the defining characteristics, pathophysiology, diagnostic modalities, current principles of treatment, and evolving management strategies of necrotizing fasciitis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gunel Guliyeva
- From the Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Maria T. Huayllani
- From the Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Nishant T. Sharma
- From the Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Jeffrey E. Janis
- From the Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Suda T, Yokoo T, Kanefuji T, Kamimura K, Zhang G, Liu D. Hydrodynamic Delivery: Characteristics, Applications, and Technological Advances. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15041111. [PMID: 37111597 PMCID: PMC10141091 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15041111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Revised: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The principle of hydrodynamic delivery was initially used to develop a method for the delivery of plasmids into mouse hepatocytes through tail vein injection and has been expanded for use in the delivery of various biologically active materials to cells in various organs in a variety of animal species through systemic or local injection, resulting in significant advances in new applications and technological development. The development of regional hydrodynamic delivery directly supports successful gene delivery in large animals, including humans. This review summarizes the fundamentals of hydrodynamic delivery and the progress that has been made in its application. Recent progress in this field offers tantalizing prospects for the development of a new generation of technologies for broader application of hydrodynamic delivery.
Collapse
|
3
|
Tsai WJ, Lai YH, Shi YA, Hammel M, Duff AP, Whitten AE, Wilde KL, Wu CM, Knott R, Jeng US, Kang CY, Hsu CY, Wu JL, Tsai PJ, Chiang-Ni C, Wu JJ, Lin YS, Liu CC, Senda T, Wang S. Structural basis underlying the synergism of NADase and SLO during group A Streptococcus infection. Commun Biol 2023; 6:124. [PMID: 36721030 PMCID: PMC9887584 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-023-04502-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Group A Streptococcus (GAS) is a strict human pathogen possessing a unique pathogenic trait that utilizes the cooperative activity of NAD+-glycohydrolase (NADase) and Streptolysin O (SLO) to enhance its virulence. How NADase interacts with SLO to synergistically promote GAS cytotoxicity and intracellular survival is a long-standing question. Here, the structure and dynamic nature of the NADase/SLO complex are elucidated by X-ray crystallography and small-angle scattering, illustrating atomic details of the complex interface and functionally relevant conformations. Structure-guided studies reveal a salt-bridge interaction between NADase and SLO is important to cytotoxicity and resistance to phagocytic killing during GAS infection. Furthermore, the biological significance of the NADase/SLO complex in GAS virulence is demonstrated in a murine infection model. Overall, this work delivers the structure-functional relationship of the NADase/SLO complex and pinpoints the key interacting residues that are central to the coordinated actions of NADase and SLO in the pathogenesis of GAS infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Jiun Tsai
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Hsin Lai
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Yong-An Shi
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Michal Hammel
- Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Anthony P Duff
- Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation, Lucas Heights, NSW, Australia
| | - Andrew E Whitten
- Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation, Lucas Heights, NSW, Australia
| | - Karyn L Wilde
- Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation, Lucas Heights, NSW, Australia
| | - Chun-Ming Wu
- National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, Hsinchu Science Park, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Robert Knott
- Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation, Lucas Heights, NSW, Australia
| | - U-Ser Jeng
- National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, Hsinchu Science Park, Hsinchu, Taiwan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Yu Kang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Yu Hsu
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, National Cheng Kung University, Medical College, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Jian-Li Wu
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Jane Tsai
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, National Cheng Kung University, Medical College, Tainan, Taiwan
- Center of Infectious Disease and Signaling Research, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chuan Chiang-Ni
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Molecular Infectious Disease Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taiwan
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taiwan
| | - Jiunn-Jong Wu
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yee-Shin Lin
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
- Center of Infectious Disease and Signaling Research, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Chuan Liu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Toshiya Senda
- Structural Biology Research Center, Institute of Materials Structure Science, High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Shuying Wang
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.
- Center of Infectious Disease and Signaling Research, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioindustry Sciences, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Vallée A. Curcumin and Wnt/β‑catenin signaling in exudative age‑related macular degeneration (Review). Int J Mol Med 2022; 49:79. [PMID: 35445729 PMCID: PMC9083851 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2022.5135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Curcumin is a natural product widely used due to its pharmacological effects. Nevertheless, only a limited number of studies concerning the effects of curcumin on exudative age‑related macular degeneration (AMD) is currently available. Since ophthalmic diseases, including exudative AMD, have a marked impact on public health, the prevention and therapy of ophthalmic disorders remain of increasing concern. Exudative AMD is characterized by choroidal neovascularization (CNV) invading the subretinal space, ultimately enhancing exudation and hemorrhaging. The exudative AMD subtype corresponds to 10 to 15% of cases of macular degeneration; however, the occurrence of this subtype has been reported as the major cause of vision loss and blindness, with the occurrence of CNV being responsible for 80% of the cases with vision loss. In CNV increased expression of VEGF has been observed, stimulated by the overactivation of Wnt/β‑catenin signaling pathway. The stimulation of the Wnt/β‑catenin signaling pathway is responsible for the activation of several cellular mechanisms, simultaneously enhancing inflammation, oxidative stress and angiogenesis in numerous diseases, including ophthalmic disorders. Some studies have previously demonstrated the possible advantage of the use of curcumin for the inhibition of Wnt/β‑catenin signaling. In the present review article, the different mechanisms of curcumin are described concerning its effects on oxidative stress, inflammation and angiogenesis in exudative AMD, by interacting with Wnt/β‑catenin signaling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Vallée
- Department of Epidemiology-Data-Biostatistics, Delegation of Clinical Research and Innovation (DRCI), Foch Hospital, 92150 Suresnes, France
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Richter J, Brouwer S, Schroder K, Walker MJ. Inflammasome activation and IL-1β signalling in group A Streptococcus disease. Cell Microbiol 2021; 23:e13373. [PMID: 34155776 DOI: 10.1111/cmi.13373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Group A Streptococcus (GAS) is a Gram-positive bacterial pathogen that causes significant morbidity and mortality worldwide. Recent clinical evidence suggests that the inflammatory marker interleukin-1β (IL-1β) plays an important role in GAS disease progression, and presents a potential target for therapeutic intervention. Interaction with GAS activates the host inflammasome pathway to stimulate production and secretion of IL-1β, but GAS can also stimulate IL-1β production in an inflammasome-independent manner. This review highlights progress that has been made in understanding the importance of host cell inflammasomes and IL-1 signalling in GAS disease, and explores challenges and unsolved problems in this host-pathogen interaction. TAKE AWAY: Inflammasome signalling during GAS infection is an emerging field of research. GAS modulates the NLRP3 inflammasome pathway through multiple mechanisms. SpeB contributes to IL-1β production independently of the inflammasome pathway. IL-1β signalling can be host-protective, but also drive severe GAS disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Richter
- Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre and School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland, Australia
| | - Stephan Brouwer
- Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre and School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland, Australia
| | - Kate Schroder
- Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, Institute for Molecular Bioscience and IMB Centre for Inflammation and Disease Research, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland, Australia
| | - Mark J Walker
- Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre and School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Loupy KM, Lee T, Zambrano CA, Elsayed AI, D'Angelo HM, Fonken LK, Frank MG, Maier SF, Lowry CA. Alzheimer's Disease: Protective Effects of Mycobacterium vaccae, a Soil-Derived Mycobacterium with Anti-Inflammatory and Anti-Tubercular Properties, on the Proteomic Profiles of Plasma and Cerebrospinal Fluid in Rats. J Alzheimers Dis 2020; 78:965-987. [PMID: 33074227 DOI: 10.3233/jad-200568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alzheimer's disease (AD) is an inflammatory neurodegenerative disease that may be associated with prior bacterial infections. Microbial "old friends" can suppress exaggerated inflammation in response to disease-causing infections or increase clearance of pathogens such as Mycobacterium tuberculosis, which causes tuberculosis (TB). One such "old friend" is Mycobacterium vaccae NCTC 11659, a soil-derived bacterium that has been proposed either as a vaccine for prevention of TB, or as immunotherapy for the treatment of TB when used alongside first line anti-TB drug treatment. OBJECTIVE The goal of this study was to use a hypothesis generating approach to explore the effects of M. vaccae on physiological changes in the plasma and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). METHODS Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry-based proteomics were performed in plasma and CSF of adult male rats after immunization with a heat-killed preparation of M. vaccae NCTC 11659 or borate-buffered saline vehicle. Gene enrichment analysis and analysis of protein-protein interactions were performed to integrate physiological network changes in plasma and CSF. We used RT-qPCR to assess immune and metabolic gene expression changes in the hippocampus. RESULTS In both plasma and CSF, immunization with M. vaccae increased proteins associated with immune activation and downregulated proteins corresponding to lipid (including phospholipid and cholesterol) metabolism. Immunization with M. vaccae also increased hippocampal expression of interleukin-4 (IL-4) mRNA, implicating anti-inflammatory effects in the central nervous system. CONCLUSION M. vaccae alters host immune activity and lipid metabolism. These data are consistent with the hypothesis that microbe-host interactions may protect against possible infection-induced, inflammation-related cognitive impairments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kelsey M Loupy
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Thomas Lee
- Central Analytical Laboratory and Mass Spectrometry Facility, Department of Biochemistry, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Cristian A Zambrano
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Ahmed I Elsayed
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Heather M D'Angelo
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Laura K Fonken
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Matthew G Frank
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA.,Center for Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Steven F Maier
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA.,Center for Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Christopher A Lowry
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA.,Center for Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA.,Center for Microbial Exploration, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA.,Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation and Center for Neuroscience, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA.,Veterans Health Administration, Rocky Mountain Mental Illness Research Education and Clinical Center (MIRECC), Rocky Mountain Regional Veterans Affairs Medical Center (RMRVAMC), Aurora, CO, USA.,Military and Veteran Microbiome: Consortium for Research and Education (MVM-CoRE), Aurora, CO, USA.,Senior Fellow, inVIVO Planetary Health, of the Worldwide Universities Network (WUN), West New York, NJ, USA
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Muhammad F, Avalos PN, Mursalin MH, Ma JX, Callegan MC, Lee DJ. Kallistatin Attenuates Experimental Autoimmune Uveitis by Inhibiting Activation of T Cells. Front Immunol 2020; 11:975. [PMID: 32508841 PMCID: PMC7253575 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Experimental autoimmune uveoretinitis (EAU) is a mouse model of human autoimmune uveitis. EAU spontaneously resolves and is marked by ocular autoantigen-specific regulatory immunity in the spleen. Kallikrein binding protein (KBP) or kallistatin is a serine proteinase inhibitor that inhibits angiogenesis and inflammation, but its role in autoimmune uveitis has not been explored. We report that T cells activation is inhibited and EAU is attenuated in human KBP (HKBP) mice with no significant difference in the Treg population that we previously identified both before and after recovery from EAU. Moreover, following EAU immunization HKBP mice have potent ocular autoantigen specific regulatory immunity that is functionally suppressive.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fauziyya Muhammad
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
| | - Priscilla N Avalos
- Department of Ophthalmology/Dean McGee Eye Institute, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
| | - M H Mursalin
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
| | - Jian-Xing Ma
- Department of Physiology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
| | - Michelle C Callegan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States.,Department of Ophthalmology/Dean McGee Eye Institute, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States.,Oklahoma Center for Neuroscience, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
| | - Darren J Lee
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States.,Department of Ophthalmology/Dean McGee Eye Institute, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States.,Oklahoma Center for Neuroscience, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
He Y, Han Y, Xing J, Zhai X, Wang S, Xin S, Zhang J. Kallistatin correlates with inflammation in abdominal aortic aneurysm and suppresses its formation in mice. Cardiovasc Diagn Ther 2020; 10:107-123. [PMID: 32420091 DOI: 10.21037/cdt.2019.12.08] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Background Kallistatin (KS), encoded by SERPINA4, was suggested to play a protective role in many cardiovascular diseases. However, its role in the pathogenesis of abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) remains unclear. The aim of this study was to examine the potential association of KS with AAA pathogenesis. Methods We examined KS (SERPINA4) expression in human AAA by PCR, immunohistochemistry, western blotting, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and analyzed correlations between kallistain and clinical data. We then analyzed the effect of recombinant KS on AAA formation and the Wingless (Wnt) signaling pathway in a mouse AAA model developed by angiotensin II (AngII) infusion to apolipoprotein E-deficient (ApoE-/-) mice. Results In AAA tissue samples, KS was significantly increased compared with samples from the control group (P<0.001, P<0.001, respectively). Clinically, decreased SERPINA4 expression in AAA tissue samples represented an increased rate of iliac artery aneurysm [odds ratio (OR): 0.017; P=0.040]. And decreased plasma KS level represented a high risk for rupture (OR: 0.837; P=0.034). KS inhibited AAA formation and blocked the Wnt signaling pathway in AngII-infused ApoE-/- mice. Conclusions The present study demonstrates that aberrant changes in KS expression occur in AAA. KS plays an important anti-inflammatory role and showed important clinical correlations in AAA. Decreased KS (SERPINA4) level is a risk factor of AAA rupture. Our pre-clinical animal experiments indicate that treatment with recombination KS suppresses AngII-induced aortic aneurysm formation and might be a new target for the drug therapy of AAA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuchen He
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China
| | - Yanshuo Han
- Department of General Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, China
| | - Jia Xing
- Department of Histology and Embryology, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China
| | - Xiaoyue Zhai
- Department of Histology and Embryology, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China
| | - Shiyue Wang
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China
| | - Shijie Xin
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Vallée A, Lecarpentier Y, Vallée R, Guillevin R, Vallée JN. Circadian Rhythms in Exudative Age-Related Macular Degeneration: The Key Role of the Canonical WNT/β-Catenin Pathway. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21030820. [PMID: 32012797 PMCID: PMC7037737 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21030820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Revised: 01/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is considered as the main worldwide cause of blindness in elderly adults. Exudative AMD type represents 10 to 15% of macular degeneration cases, but is the main cause of vision loss and blindness. Circadian rhythm changes are associated with aging and could further accelerate it. However, the link between circadian rhythms and exudative AMD is not fully understood. Some evidence suggests that dysregulation of circadian functions could be manifestations of diseases or could be risk factors for the development of disease in elderly adults. Biological rhythms are complex systems interacting with the environment and control several physiological pathways. Recent findings have shown that the dysregulation of circadian rhythms is correlated with exudative AMD. One of the main pathways involved in exudative AMD is the canonical WNT/β-catenin pathway. Circadian clocks have a main role in some tissues by driving the circadian expression of genes involved in physiological and metabolic functions. In exudative AMD, the increase of the canonical WNT/β-catenin pathway is enhanced by the dysregulation of circadian rhythms. Exudative AMD progression is associated with major metabolic reprogramming, initiated by aberrant WNT/β-catenin pathway, of aerobic glycolysis. This review focuses on the interest of circadian rhythm dysregulation in exudative AMD through the aberrant upregulation of the canonical WNT/β-catenin pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Vallée
- DACTIM-MIS, Laboratory of Mathematics and Applications (LMA), UMR CNRS 7348, University of Poitiers, CHU de Poitiers, 86021 Poitiers, France
| | - Yves Lecarpentier
- Centre de Recherche Clinique, Grand Hôpital de l'Est Francilien (GHEF), 77100 Meaux, France
| | - Rodolphe Vallée
- University Hospital Group of Paris-Seine-Saint-Denis, APHP, University of Paris-13 Sorbonne Paris-Cité, 93000 Paris, France
| | - Rémy Guillevin
- DACTIM-MIS, Laboratory of Mathematics and Applications (LMA), UMR CNRS 7348, University of Poitiers, CHU de Poitiers, 86021 Poitiers, France
| | - Jean-Noël Vallée
- CHU Amiens Picardie, University of Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV), 80000 Amiens, France
- Laboratory of Mathematics and Applications (LMA), UMR CNRS 7348, University of Poitiers, 86021 Poitiers, France
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Liu YH, Wu PH, Kang CC, Tsai YS, Chou CK, Liang CT, Wu JJ, Tsai PJ. Group A Streptococcus Subcutaneous Infection-Induced Central Nervous System Inflammation Is Attenuated by Blocking Peripheral TNF. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:265. [PMID: 30837977 PMCID: PMC6389723 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.00265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2018] [Accepted: 02/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Group A streptococcus (GAS) infection causes a strong inflammatory response associated with cytokine storms, leading to multiorgan failure, which is characterized as streptococcal toxic shock syndrome. However, little is known about GAS subcutaneous infection-mediated brain inflammation. Therefore, we used a bioluminescent GAS strain and reporter mice carrying firefly luciferase under transcriptional control of the nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) promoter to concurrently monitor the host immune response and bacterial burden in a single mouse. Notably, in addition to the subcutaneous inoculation locus at the back of mice, we detected strong luminescence signals from NF-κB activation and increased inflammatory cytokine production in the brain, implying the existence of central nervous system inflammation after GAS subcutaneous infection. The inflamed brain exhibited an increased expression of glial fibrillary acidic protein and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase components and greater microglial activation and blood–brain barrier (BBB) disruption. Furthermore, Fluoro-Jade C positive cells increased in the brain, indicating that neurons underwent degeneration. Peripheral tumor necrosis factor (TNF), which contributes to pathology in brain injury, was elevated in the circulation, and the expression of its receptor was also increased in the inflamed brain. Blockage of peripheral TNF effectively reduced brain inflammation and injury, thereby preventing BBB disruption and improving survival. Our study provides new insights into GAS-induced central nervous system inflammation, such as encephalopathy, which can be attenuated by circulating TNF blockage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Hui Liu
- Department of Pathology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Hua Wu
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, Medical College, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Cheng Kang
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, Medical College, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Yau-Sheng Tsai
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.,Research Center of Clinical Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chuan-Kai Chou
- National Laboratory Animal Center, National Applied Research Laboratories, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Tiang Liang
- Novo Nordisk Research Centre China, Beijing, China.,Department of Animal Facility, Discovery Biology China, Beijing, China
| | - Jiunn-Jong Wu
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, Medical College, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.,Department of Biotechnology and Laboratory Science in Medicine, School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Jane Tsai
- Department of Pathology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, Medical College, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.,Research Center of Infectious Disease and Signaling, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Hangul M, Ozturk D, Keti DB, Demirkan FG, Kose M. Plasma Kallistatin Levels in Children with Community-Acquired Pneumonia. PEDIATRIC ALLERGY, IMMUNOLOGY, AND PULMONOLOGY 2018; 31:146-150. [PMID: 36348576 DOI: 10.1089/ped.2017.0854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Purpose: Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) is a potentially lethal lower respiratory tract infection affecting children all over the world. In this study, we aimed to evaluate plasma kallistatin levels in children at the time of admission and on the fourth day of treatment to determine if this is effective in deciding whether to hospitalize patients and to assess the response to treatment in patients with CAP. Methods: This prospective case/control study was conducted between November 2015 and May 2016 at Erciyes University School of Medicine, in the Department of Paediatric Pulmonology. Fifty-three patients, who were diagnosed with CAP with clinical and radiological findings, were included in the study. The patients were divided into various subgroups such as inpatients, outpatients, those with complications, those without complications, and dead patients. The levels of kallistatin were compared between the control group and the patient group. Results: A total of 53 children with a diagnosis of CAP and 55 healthy children were enrolled in the study. The plasma kallistatin level of CAP patients at admission was significantly higher than that of the control group [1.6 (1.2-2.9) ng/mL], [0.9 (0.7-1.1) ng/mL] (P < 0.001). The patient group was divided into 3 subgroups: those with complications, those with no complications, and those who died. In patients who were hospitalized, who died, and who were in need of mechanical ventilation (MV), kallistatin levels were significantly higher than in the other patients (P = 0.027 for hospitalization; P = 0.022 for exitus; and P = 0.008 for MV) at the time of diagnosis and on the fourth day of treatment. Conclusion: A higher plasma kallistatin level was found to be significant in CAP. Patients with high kallistatin levels should be carefully monitored for hospitalization and for unwanted side effects such as MV need and death.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Melih Hangul
- Division of Paediatric Pulmonology, Department of Paediatrics, School of Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Didem Ozturk
- Division of Paediatric Pulmonology, Department of Paediatrics, School of Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Didem Barlak Keti
- Department of Biochemistry Erciyes University School of Medicine, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Fatma Gül Demirkan
- Division of Paediatric Pulmonology, Department of Paediatrics, School of Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Kose
- Division of Paediatric Pulmonology, Department of Paediatrics, School of Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Flaherty RA, Donahue DL, Carothers KE, Ross JN, Ploplis VA, Castellino FJ, Lee SW. Neutralization of Streptolysin S-Dependent and Independent Inflammatory Cytokine IL-1β Activity Reduces Pathology During Early Group A Streptococcal Skin Infection. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2018; 8:211. [PMID: 30018884 PMCID: PMC6037840 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2018.00211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2017] [Accepted: 06/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The bacterial pathogen Group A Streptococcus (GAS) has been shown to induce a variety of human diseases ranging in severity from pharyngitis to toxic shock syndrome and necrotizing fasciitis. GAS produces a powerful peptide toxin known as Streptolysin S (SLS). Though long recognized as a potent cytolysin, recent evidence from our lab has shown that SLS-dependent cytotoxicity is mediated through activation of the pro-inflammatory mediators p38 MAPK and NFκB. These findings led us to hypothesize that activation of p38 MAPK and NFκB signaling drive the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines which, in turn, serve as positive feedback signals to initiate cytotoxicity in infected host cells. To address this hypothesis, we utilized a cytokine array to characterize the SLS-dependent pro-inflammatory cytokine response to GAS infection in human keratinocytes. From these studies, IL-1β was found to be markedly upregulated in the presence of SLS, and further investigation revealed that this cytokine contributes to cytotoxicity in human keratinocytes during infection. Subcutaneous infection studies were performed in mice to address the physiological impact of increased IL-1β production. These studies demonstrated that IL-1β is produced during GAS skin infection in an SLS-dependent manner. Furthermore, inhibition of this cytokine and the upstream kinases and other signaling mediators that drive its production reduced SLS-mediated lesion formation early in the infection process. Together, our findings indicate that pharmacological inhibition of this inflammatory axis holds promise as a therapeutic strategy to reduce tissue destruction during severe invasive Group A Streptococcal infections.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca A Flaherty
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, United States.,Eck Institute for Global Health, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, United States
| | - Deborah L Donahue
- W. M. Keck Center for Transgene Research, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, United States
| | - Katelyn E Carothers
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, United States.,Eck Institute for Global Health, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, United States
| | - Jessica N Ross
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, United States.,Eck Institute for Global Health, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, United States
| | - Victoria A Ploplis
- W. M. Keck Center for Transgene Research, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, United States
| | - Francis J Castellino
- W. M. Keck Center for Transgene Research, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, United States
| | - Shaun W Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, United States.,Eck Institute for Global Health, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, United States.,W. M. Keck Center for Transgene Research, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, United States
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Ma C, Luo C, Yin H, Zhang Y, Xiong W, Zhang T, Gao T, Wang X, Che D, Fang Z, Li L, Xie J, Huang M, Zhu L, Jiang P, Qi W, Zhou T, Yang Z, Wang W, Ma J, Gao G, Yang X. Kallistatin inhibits lymphangiogenesis and lymphatic metastasis of gastric cancer by downregulating VEGF-C expression and secretion. Gastric Cancer 2018; 21:617-631. [PMID: 29243194 DOI: 10.1007/s10120-017-0787-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2017] [Accepted: 12/04/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tumor-induced lymphangiogenesis and lymphatic metastasis are predominant during the metastasis of many types of cancers. However, the endogenous inhibitors that counterbalance the lymphangiogenesis and lymphatic metastasis of tumors have not been well evaluated. Kallistatin has been recognized as an endogenous angiogenesis inhibitor. METHODS AND RESULTS Our recent study showed for the first time that the lymphatic vessel density (LVD) was reduced in lung and stomach sections from kallistatin-overexpressing transgenic mice. Kallistatin expresses anti-lymphangiogenic activity by inhibiting the proliferation, migration, and tube formation of human lymphatic endothelial cells (hLECs). Therefore, the present study focuses on the relationships of changes in kallistatin expression with the lymphangiogenesis and lymphatic metastasis of gastric cancer and its underlying mechanisms. Our results revealed that the expression of kallistatin in cancer tissues, metastatic lymph nodes, and plasma of gastric cancer patients was significantly downregulated and that the plasma level of kallistatin was negatively associated with the phase of lymph node metastasis. Furthermore, treatment with kallistatin recombinant protein decreased LVD and lymph node metastases in the implanted gastric xenograft tumors of nude mice. Mechanically, kallistatin suppressed the lymphangiogenesis and lymphatic metastasis by downregulating VEGF-C expression and secretion through the LRP6/IKK/IҡB/NF-ҡB signaling pathway in gastric cancer cells. CONCLUSIONS These findings demonstrated that kallistatin functions as an endogenous lymphangiogenesis inhibitor and has an important part in the lymphatic metastasis of gastric cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Caiqi Ma
- Program of Molecular Medicine, Affiliated Guangzhou Women and Children's Hospital, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Biochemistry, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Chuanghua Luo
- Program of Molecular Medicine, Affiliated Guangzhou Women and Children's Hospital, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Biochemistry, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Haofan Yin
- Department of Biochemistry, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Yang Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Wenjun Xiong
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ting Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tianxiao Gao
- Department of Hematologic Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Xi Wang
- Department of Biochemistry, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Di Che
- Program of Molecular Medicine, Affiliated Guangzhou Women and Children's Hospital, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhenzhen Fang
- Department of Biochemistry, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Lei Li
- Reproductive Medicine Center, the Third Hospital Affiliated to Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jinye Xie
- Department of Biochemistry, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Mao Huang
- Department of Biochemistry, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Liuqing Zhu
- Department of Biochemistry, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Ping Jiang
- Department of Biochemistry, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Weiwei Qi
- Department of Biochemistry, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Ti Zhou
- Department of Biochemistry, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Zhonghan Yang
- Department of Biochemistry, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Biochemistry, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Jianxing Ma
- Department of Physiology, University of Oklahoma, Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
| | - Guoquan Gao
- Program of Molecular Medicine, Affiliated Guangzhou Women and Children's Hospital, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China. .,Department of Biochemistry, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China. .,China Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control, Sun Yat-sen University, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, 510080, China. .,Department of Biochemistry, Zhongshan Medical School, Sun Yat-sen University, 74 Zhongshan 2nd Road, Guangzhou, 510080, China.
| | - Xia Yang
- Program of Molecular Medicine, Affiliated Guangzhou Women and Children's Hospital, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China. .,Department of Biochemistry, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China. .,Guangdong Engineering & Technology Research Center for Gene Manipulation and Biomacromolecular Products, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China. .,Department of Biochemistry, Zhongshan Medical School, Sun Yat-sen University, 74 Zhongshan 2nd Road, Guangzhou, 510080, China.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Song Y, Zhang X, Cai M, Lv C, Zhao Y, Wei D, Zhu H. The Heme Transporter HtsABC of Group A Streptococcus Contributes to Virulence and Innate Immune Evasion in Murine Skin Infections. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:1105. [PMID: 29887858 PMCID: PMC5981463 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.01105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2018] [Accepted: 05/08/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Group A Streptococcus (GAS) requires iron for growth, and heme is an important source of iron for GAS. Streptococcus heme transporter A (HtsA) is the lipoprotein component of the GAS heme-specific ABC transporter (HtsABC). The objective of this study is to examine the contribution of HtsABC to virulence and host interaction of hypervirulent M1T1 GAS using an isogenic htsA deletion mutant (ΔhtsA). The htsA deletion exhibited a significantly increased survival rate, reduced skin lesion size, and reduced systemic GAS dissemination in comparison to the wild type strain. The htsA deletion also decreased the GAS adhesion rate to Hep-2 cells, the survival in human blood and rat neutrophils, and increased the production of cytokine IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α levels in air pouch exudate of a mouse model of subcutaneous infection. Complementation of ΔhtsA restored the wild type phenotype. These findings support that the htsA gene is required for GAS virulence and that the htsA deletion augments host innate immune responses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yingli Song
- Department of Physiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Xiaolan Zhang
- Department of Physiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Minghui Cai
- Department of Physiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Chunmei Lv
- Department of Physiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yuan Zhao
- Department of Physiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Deqin Wei
- Department of Physiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Hui Zhu
- Department of Physiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Translational Advances of Hydrofection by Hydrodynamic Injection. Genes (Basel) 2018; 9:genes9030136. [PMID: 29494564 PMCID: PMC5867857 DOI: 10.3390/genes9030136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2018] [Revised: 02/20/2018] [Accepted: 02/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Hydrodynamic gene delivery has proven to be a safe and efficient procedure for gene transfer, able to mediate, in murine model, therapeutic levels of proteins encoded by the transfected gene. In different disease models and targeting distinct organs, it has been demonstrated to revert the pathologic symptoms and signs. The therapeutic potential of hydrofection led different groups to work on the clinical translation of the procedure. In order to prevent the hemodynamic side effects derived from the rapid injection of a large volume, the conditions had to be moderated to make them compatible with its use in mid-size animal models such as rat, hamster and rabbit and large animals as dog, pig and primates. Despite the different approaches performed to adapt the conditions of gene delivery, the results obtained in any of these mid-size and large animals have been poorer than those obtained in murine model. Among these different strategies to reduce the volume employed, the most effective one has been to exclude the vasculature of the target organ and inject the solution directly. This procedure has permitted, by catheterization and surgical procedures in large animals, achieving protein expression levels in tissue close to those achieved in gold standard models. These promising results and the possibility of employing these strategies to transfer gene constructs able to edit genes, such as CRISPR, have renewed the clinical interest of this procedure of gene transfer. In order to translate the hydrodynamic gene delivery to human use, it is demanding the standardization of the procedure conditions and the molecular parameters of evaluation in order to be able to compare the results and establish a homogeneous manner of expressing the data obtained, as ‘classic’ drugs.
Collapse
|
16
|
Opposing Effects of Oxygen Regulation on Kallistatin Expression: Kallistatin as a Novel Mediator of Oxygen-Induced HIF-1-eNOS-NO Pathway. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2017; 2017:5262958. [PMID: 29387292 PMCID: PMC5745740 DOI: 10.1155/2017/5262958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2017] [Accepted: 10/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress has both detrimental and beneficial effects. Kallistatin, a key component of circulation, protects against vascular and organ injury. Serum kallistatin levels are reduced in patients and animal models with hypertension, diabetes, obesity, and cancer. Reduction of kallistatin levels is inversely associated with elevated thiobarbituric acid-reactive substance. Kallistatin therapy attenuates oxidative stress and increases endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) and NO levels in animal models. However, kallistatin administration increases reactive oxygen species formation in immune cells and bacterial killing activity in septic mice. High oxygen inhibits kallistatin expression via activating the JNK-FOXO1 pathway in endothelial cells. Conversely, mild oxygen/hyperoxia stimulates kallistatin, eNOS, and hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1) expression in endothelial cells and in the kidney of normal mice. Likewise, kallistatin stimulates eNOS and HIF-1, and kallistatin antisense RNA abolishes oxygen-induced eNOS and HIF-1 expression, indicating a role of kallistatin in mediating mild oxygen's stimulation on antioxidant genes. Protein kinase C (PKC) activation mediates HIF-1-induced eNOS synthesis in response to hyperoxia/exercise; thus, mild oxygen through PKC activation stimulates kallistatin-mediated HIF-1 and eNOS synthesis. In summary, oxidative stress induces down- or upregulation of kallistatin expression, depending on oxygen concentration, and kallistatin plays a novel role in mediating oxygen/exercise-induced HIF-1-eNOS-NO pathway.
Collapse
|
17
|
Chao J, Li P, Chao L. Kallistatin: double-edged role in angiogenesis, apoptosis and oxidative stress. Biol Chem 2017; 398:1309-1317. [DOI: 10.1515/hsz-2017-0180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2017] [Accepted: 07/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
AbstractKallistatin, via its two structural elements – an active site and a heparin-binding domain – displays a double-edged function in angiogenesis, apoptosis and oxidative stress. First, kallistatin has both anti-angiogenic and pro-angiogenic effects. Kallistatin treatment attenuates angiogenesis and tumor growth in cancer-bearing mice. Kallistatin via its heparin-binding site inhibits angiogenesis by blocking vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-induced growth, migration and adhesion of endothelial cells. Conversely, kallistatin via the active site promotes neovascularization by stimulating VEGF levels in endothelial progenitor cells. Second, kallistatin inhibits or induces apoptosis depending on cell types. Kallistatin attenuates organ injury and apoptosis in animal models, and its heparin-binding site is essential for blocking tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α-induced apoptosis in endothelial cells. However, kallistatin via its active site induces apoptosis in breast cancer cells by up-regulating miR-34a and down-regulating miR-21 and miR-203 synthesis. Third, kallistatin can act as an antioxidant or pro-oxidant. Kallistatin treatment inhibits oxidative stress and tissue damage in animal models and cultured cells. Kallistatin via the heparin-binding domain antagonizes TNF-α-induced oxidative stress, whereas its active site is crucial for stimulating antioxidant enzyme expression. In contrast, kallistatin provokes oxidant formation, leading to blood pressure reduction and bacterial killing. Kallistatin-mediated vasodilation is partly mediated by H2O2, as the effect is abolished by the antioxidant enzyme catalase. Moreover, kallistatin exerts a bactericidal effect by stimulating superoxide production in neutrophils of mice with microbial infection as well as in cultured immune cells. Thus, kallistatin’s dual roles in angiogenesis, apoptosis and oxidative stress contribute to its beneficial effects in various diseases.
Collapse
|
18
|
Vallée A, Lecarpentier Y, Guillevin R, Vallée JN. Aerobic Glycolysis Hypothesis Through WNT/Beta-Catenin Pathway in Exudative Age-Related Macular Degeneration. J Mol Neurosci 2017; 62:368-379. [PMID: 28689265 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-017-0947-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2017] [Accepted: 06/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Exudative age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is characterized by molecular mechanisms responsible for the initiation of choroidal neovascularization (CNV). Inflammatory processes are associated with upregulation of the canonical WNT/beta-catenin pathway in exudative AMD. We focus this review on the link between WNT/beta-catenin pathway activation and neovascular progression in exudative AMD through activation of aerobic glycolysis for production of angiogenic factors. Increased WNT/beta-catenin pathway involves hexokinase 2 (HK2) and pyruvate kinase M2 (PKM2). WNT/beta-catenin pathway stimulates PI3K/Akt pathway and then HIF-1alpha which activates glycolytic enzymes: glucose transporter (Glut), pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 1 (PDK1), lactate dehydrogenase A (LDH-A), and monocarboxylate lactate transporter (MCT-1). This phenomenon is called aerobic glycolysis or the Warburg effect. Consequently, phosphorylation of PDK-1 inhibits the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PDH). Thus, a large part of pyruvate cannot be converted into acetyl-CoA in mitochondria and only a part of acetyl-CoA can enter the tricarboxylic acid cycle. Cytosolic pyruvate is converted into lactate through the action of LDH-A. In exudative AMD, high level of cytosolic lactate is correlated with increase of VEGF expression, the angiogenic factor of CNV. Photoreceptors in retina cells can metabolize glucose through aerobic glycolysis to protect them against oxidative damage, as cancer cells do.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Vallée
- Experimental and Clinical Neurosciences Laboratory, INSERM U1084, University of Poitiers, Poitiers, France.
- Laboratoire de Mathématiques et Applications (LMA), UMR CNRS 7348, Université de Poitiers, 11 Boulevard Marie et Pierre Curie, Poitiers, France.
| | | | - Rémy Guillevin
- DACTIM, Laboratoire de Mathématiques et Applications, Université de Poitiers et CHU de Poitiers, UMR CNRS 7348, SP2MI Futuroscope, Chasseneuil-du-Poitou, France
| | - Jean-Noël Vallée
- Laboratoire de Mathématiques et Applications (LMA), UMR CNRS 7348, Université de Poitiers, 11 Boulevard Marie et Pierre Curie, Poitiers, France
- CHU Amiens Picardie, Université Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV), Amiens, France
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Lin WC, Chen CW, Chao L, Chao J, Lin YS. Plasma kallistatin in critically ill patients with severe sepsis and septic shock. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0178387. [PMID: 28542440 PMCID: PMC5443576 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0178387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2017] [Accepted: 05/14/2017] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Kallistatin, an endogenous serine proteinase inhibitor, is protective against sepsis in animal models. The aim of this study was to determine the plasma concentration of kallistatin in intensive care unit (ICU) patients with severe sepsis and septic shock and to determine their potential correlation with disease severity and outcomes. We enrolled 86 ICU patients with severe sepsis and septic shock. Their plasma concentrations of kallistatin, kallikrein, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, and IL-8 were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The association of kallistatin levels with disease severity and patient outcomes was evaluated. The relationship between kallistatin and other biomarkers was also analyzed. Plasma kallistatin levels on day 1 of ICU admission were lower in patients with septic shock compared with patients with severe sepsis (p = 0.004). Twenty-nine patients who died in the hospital had significantly lower day 1 kallistatin levels than patients who survived (p = 0.031). Using the optimal cutoff value (4 μg/ml) of day 1 plasma kallistatin determined by receiver operating characteristic curves for 60-day mortality, we found that high kallistatin levels were associated with a preferable 60-day survival (p = 0.012) by Kaplan-Meier analysis and lower Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) scores over the first 5 days in the ICU (p = 0.001). High kallistatin levels were also independently associated with a decreased risk of septic shock, the development of acute respiratory distress syndrome, and positive blood cultures. In addition, there were inverse correlations between day 1 kallistatin levels and the levels of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, and C-reactive protein, and SOFA scores on day 1. Our results indicate that during severe sepsis and septic shock, a decrease in plasma concentrations of kallistatin reflects increased severity and poorer outcome of disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Chieh Lin
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chang-Wen Chen
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Lee Chao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, United States of America
| | - Julie Chao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, United States of America
| | - Yee-Shin Lin
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.,Center of Infectious Disease and Signaling Research, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Chao J, Li P, Chao L. Kallistatin suppresses cancer development by multi-factorial actions. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2017; 113:71-78. [PMID: 28427524 PMCID: PMC5441310 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2017.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2016] [Revised: 02/17/2017] [Accepted: 03/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Kallistatin was first identified in human plasma as a tissue kallikrein-binding protein and a serine proteinase inhibitor. Kallistatin via its two structural elements regulates differential signaling cascades, and thus a wide spectrum of biological functions. Kallistatin's active site is essential for: inhibiting tissue kallikrein's activity; stimulating endothelial nitric oxide synthase and sirtuin 1 expression and activation; and modulating the synthesis of the microRNAs, miR-34a, miR-21 and miR-203. Kallistatin's heparin-binding site is crucial for antagonizing the signaling pathways of vascular endothelial growth factor, tumor necrosis factor-α, Wnt, transforming growth factor-β and epidermal growth factor. Circulating kallistatin levels are markedly reduced in patients with prostate and colon cancer. Kallistatin administration attenuates angiogenesis, inflammation, tumor growth and invasion in animal models and cultured cells. Therefore, tumor progression may be substantially suppressed by kallistatin's pleiotropic activities. In this review, we will discuss the role and mechanisms of kallistatin in the regulation of cancer development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julie Chao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA.
| | - Pengfei Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Lee Chao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Ma C, Yin H, Zhong J, Zhang Y, Luo C, Che D, Fang Z, Li L, Qin S, Liang J, Qi W, Yang Z, Zhou T, Ma J, Yang X, Gao G. Kallistatin exerts anti-lymphangiogenic effects by inhibiting lymphatic endothelial cell proliferation, migration and tube formation. Int J Oncol 2017; 50:2000-2010. [PMID: 28440474 PMCID: PMC5435323 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2017.3972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2017] [Accepted: 04/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Kallistatin has been recognized as an endogenous angiogenic inhibitor. However, its effects on lymphatic endothelial cells and lymphangiogenesis remain poorly understood. Lymphangiogenesis is involved in tumor metastasis via the lymphatic vasculature in various types of tumors. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of kallistatin on lymphangiogenesis and the mechanism of action involved. Treatment with kallistatin recombinant protein or overexpression of kallistatin inhibited the proliferation, migration and tube formation of human lymphatic endothelial cells (hLECs), and induced apoptosis of hLECs. Furthermore, our results showed that the lymphatic vessel density (LVD) was reduced in lung and stomach sections from kallistatin-overexpressing transgenic mice. Treatment with kallistatin recombinant protein decreased the LVD in the implanted gastric xenograft tumors of nude mice. To the best of our knowledge, the present study is the first to demonstrate that kallistatin possesses anti-lymphangiogenic activity in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, kallistatin inhibited proliferation and migration of hLECs by reducing the phosphorylation of ERK and Akt, respectively. These findings suggested that kallistatin may be a promising agent that could be used to suppress cancer metastasis by inhibiting both angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Caiqi Ma
- Program of Molecular Medicine, Affiliated Guangzhou Women and Children's Hospital, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, P.R. China
| | - Haofan Yin
- Program of Molecular Medicine, Affiliated Guangzhou Women and Children's Hospital, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, P.R. China
| | - Jun Zhong
- Program of Molecular Medicine, Affiliated Guangzhou Women and Children's Hospital, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, P.R. China
| | - Yang Zhang
- Program of Molecular Medicine, Affiliated Guangzhou Women and Children's Hospital, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, P.R. China
| | - Chuanghua Luo
- Department of Biochemistry, Zhongshan Medical School, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, P.R. China
| | - Di Che
- Program of Molecular Medicine, Affiliated Guangzhou Women and Children's Hospital, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, P.R. China
| | - Zhenzhen Fang
- Department of Biochemistry, Zhongshan Medical School, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, P.R. China
| | - Lei Li
- Reproductive Center, The Third Hospital Affiliated to Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510150, P.R. China
| | - Shuxing Qin
- Department of Biochemistry, Zhongshan Medical School, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, P.R. China
| | - Jieying Liang
- Department of Biochemistry, Zhongshan Medical School, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, P.R. China
| | - Weiwei Qi
- Department of Biochemistry, Zhongshan Medical School, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, P.R. China
| | - Zhonghan Yang
- Department of Biochemistry, Zhongshan Medical School, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, P.R. China
| | - Ti Zhou
- Department of Biochemistry, Zhongshan Medical School, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, P.R. China
| | - Jianxing Ma
- Department of Physiology, University of Oklahoma, Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Xia Yang
- Program of Molecular Medicine, Affiliated Guangzhou Women and Children's Hospital, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, P.R. China
| | - Guoquan Gao
- Program of Molecular Medicine, Affiliated Guangzhou Women and Children's Hospital, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Chaudhary D, Subhash A, Galvis J, Guardiola J. Bilateral thigh methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus necrotising fasciitis in a man with newly diagnosed Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV). BMJ Case Rep 2017; 2017:bcr-2016-218468. [PMID: 28137904 DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2016-218468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) necrotising fasciitis (NF) is rare and constitutes a medical and surgical emergency. We report a case of a 53-year-old man with type-2 diabetes mellitus and newly diagnosed HIV infection who presented with 1 week of progressively worsening bilateral sharp thigh pain. On presentation, he was febrile, tachycardic and had bilateral thigh erythema and mild tenderness without open wounds. He had leucocytosis, lactic acidosis and acute kidney injury. Urgent incision and drainage (I&D) was performed for suspected NF. Blood cultures and I&D were positive for MRSA. Biopsy of bilateral thighs showed NF. He was treated with wound washout and 6 weeks of intravenous antibiotics. After undergoing skin graft for wounds, he was discharged to physical rehabilitation. Here we report severe sepsis from bilateral thigh MRSA NF in a patient with newly diagnosed HIV.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Juan Galvis
- Department of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Disorders Medicine, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - Juan Guardiola
- Department of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Disorders Medicine, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Li J, Krishna SM, Golledge J. The Potential Role of Kallistatin in the Development of Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:ijms17081312. [PMID: 27529213 PMCID: PMC5000709 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17081312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2016] [Revised: 07/29/2016] [Accepted: 08/05/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is a vascular condition that causes permanent dilation of the abdominal aorta, which can lead to death due to aortic rupture. The only treatment for AAA is surgical repair, and there is no current drug treatment for AAA. Aortic inflammation, vascular smooth muscle cell apoptosis, angiogenesis, oxidative stress and vascular remodeling are implicated in AAA pathogenesis. Kallistatin is a serine proteinase inhibitor, which has been shown to have a variety of functions, potentially relevant in AAA pathogenesis. Kallistatin has been reported to have inhibitory effects on tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) signaling induced oxidative stress and apoptosis. Kallistatin also inhibits vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and Wnt canonical signaling, which promote inflammation, angiogenesis, and vascular remodeling in various pre-clinical experimental models. This review explores the potential protective role of kallistatin in AAA pathogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiaze Li
- Queensland Research Centre for Peripheral Vascular Disease, College of Medicine and Dentistry, James Cook University, 4811 Townsville, Australia.
| | - Smriti Murali Krishna
- Queensland Research Centre for Peripheral Vascular Disease, College of Medicine and Dentistry, James Cook University, 4811 Townsville, Australia.
| | - Jonathan Golledge
- Queensland Research Centre for Peripheral Vascular Disease, College of Medicine and Dentistry, James Cook University, 4811 Townsville, Australia.
- Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, The Townsville Hospital, 4811 Townsville, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Affiliation(s)
- Julie Chao
- From the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston (J.C., L.C.); and Division of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of Missouri-Kansas City (G.B.).
| | - Grant Bledsoe
- From the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston (J.C., L.C.); and Division of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of Missouri-Kansas City (G.B.)
| | - Lee Chao
- From the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston (J.C., L.C.); and Division of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of Missouri-Kansas City (G.B.)
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Tuo J, Wang Y, Cheng R, Li Y, Chen M, Qiu F, Qian H, Shen D, Penalva R, Xu H, Ma JX, Chan CC. Wnt signaling in age-related macular degeneration: human macular tissue and mouse model. J Transl Med 2015; 13:330. [PMID: 26476672 PMCID: PMC4609061 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-015-0683-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2015] [Accepted: 09/29/2015] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The wingless-type MMTV integration site (Wnt) signaling is a group of signal transduction pathways. In canonical Wnt pathway, Wnt ligands bind to low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 5 or 6 (LRP5 or LRP6), resulting in phosphorylation and activation of the receptor. We hypothesize that canonical Wnt pathway plays a role in the retinal lesion of age-related macular degeneration (AMD), a leading cause of irreversible central visual loss in elderly. Methods We examined LRP6 phosphorylation and Wnt signaling cascade in human retinal sections and plasma kallistatin, an endogenous inhibitor of the Wnt pathway in AMD patients and non-AMD subjects. We also used the Ccl2−/−/Cx3cr1−/−/rd8 and Ccl2−/−/Cx3cr1gfp/gfp mouse models with AMD-like retinal degeneration to further explore the involvement of Wnt signaling activation in the retinal lesions in those models and to preclinically evaluate the role of Wnt signaling suppression as a potential therapeutic option for AMD. Results We found higher levels of LRP6 (a key Wnt signaling receptor) protein phosphorylation and transcripts of the Wnt pathway-targeted genes, as well as higher beta-catenin protein in AMD macula compared to controls. Kallistatin was decreased in the plasma of AMD patients. Retinal non-phosphorylated-β-catenin and phosphorylated-LRP6 were higher in Ccl2−/−/Cx3cr1−/−/rd8 mice than that in wild type. Intravitreal administration of an anti-LRP6 antibody slowed the progression of retinal lesions in Ccl2−/−/Cx3cr1−/−/rd8 and Ccl2−/−/Cx3cr1gfp/gfp mice. Electroretinography of treated eyes exhibited larger amplitudes compared to controls in both mouse models. A2E, a retinoid byproduct associated with AMD was lower in the treated eyes of Ccl2−/−/Cx3cr1−/−/rd8 mice. Anti-LRP6 also suppressed the expression of Tnf-α and Icam-1 in Ccl2−/−/Cx3cr1−/−/rd8 retinas. Conclusions Wnt signaling may be disturbed in AMD patients, which could contribute to the retinal inflammation and increased A2E levels found in AMD. Aberrant activation of canonical Wnt signaling might also contribute to the focal retinal degenerative lesions of mouse models with Ccl2 and Cx3cr1 deficiency, and intravitreal administration of anti-LRP6 antibody could be beneficial by deactivating the canonical Wnt pathway. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12967-015-0683-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jingsheng Tuo
- Laboratory of Immunology, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Drive, Bldg. 10, Rm. 10N103, NIH/NEI, Bethesda, MD, 20892-1857, USA.
| | - Yujuan Wang
- Laboratory of Immunology, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Drive, Bldg. 10, Rm. 10N103, NIH/NEI, Bethesda, MD, 20892-1857, USA.
| | - Rui Cheng
- Department of Physiology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA.
| | - Yichao Li
- Visual Function Core, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
| | - Mei Chen
- Centre for Experimental Medicine, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK.
| | - Fangfang Qiu
- Department of Physiology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA.
| | - Haohua Qian
- Visual Function Core, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
| | - Defen Shen
- Laboratory of Immunology, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Drive, Bldg. 10, Rm. 10N103, NIH/NEI, Bethesda, MD, 20892-1857, USA.
| | - Rosana Penalva
- Centre for Experimental Medicine, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK.
| | - Heping Xu
- Centre for Experimental Medicine, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK.
| | - Jian-Xing Ma
- Department of Physiology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA.
| | - Chi-Chao Chan
- Laboratory of Immunology, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Drive, Bldg. 10, Rm. 10N103, NIH/NEI, Bethesda, MD, 20892-1857, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Kamimura K, Yokoo T, Abe H, Kobayashi Y, Ogawa K, Shinagawa Y, Inoue R, Terai S. Image-Guided Hydrodynamic Gene Delivery: Current Status and Future Directions. Pharmaceutics 2015; 7:213-23. [PMID: 26308044 PMCID: PMC4588196 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics7030213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2015] [Revised: 08/13/2015] [Accepted: 08/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Hydrodynamics-based delivery has been used as an experimental tool to express transgene in small animals. This in vivo gene transfer method is useful for functional analysis of genetic elements, therapeutic effect of oligonucleotides, and cancer cells to establish the metastatic cancer animal model for experimental research. Recent progress in the development of image-guided procedure for hydrodynamics-based gene delivery in large animals directly supports the clinical applicability of this technique. This review summarizes the current status and recent progress in the development of hydrodynamics-based gene delivery and discusses the future directions for its clinical application.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kenya Kamimura
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata 951-8510, Japan.
| | - Takeshi Yokoo
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata 951-8510, Japan.
| | - Hiroyuki Abe
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata 951-8510, Japan.
| | - Yuji Kobayashi
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata 951-8510, Japan.
| | - Kohei Ogawa
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata 951-8510, Japan.
| | - Yoko Shinagawa
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata 951-8510, Japan.
| | - Ryosuke Inoue
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata 951-8510, Japan.
| | - Shuji Terai
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata 951-8510, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Lin WC, Chen CW, Huang YW, Chao L, Chao J, Lin YS, Lin CF. Kallistatin protects against sepsis-related acute lung injury via inhibiting inflammation and apoptosis. Sci Rep 2015. [PMID: 26198099 PMCID: PMC4510498 DOI: 10.1038/srep12463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Kallistatin, an endogenous plasma protein, exhibits pleiotropic properties in inhibiting inflammation, oxidative stress and apoptosis, as evidenced in various animal models and cultured cells. Here, we demonstrate that kallistatin levels were positively correlated with the concentration of total protein in bronchoalveolar lavage fluids (BALF) from patients with sepsis-related acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), indicating a compensatory mechanism. Lower ratio of kallistatin to total protein in BALF showed a significant trend toward elevated neutrophil counts (P = 0.002) in BALF and increased mortality (P = 0.046). In lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-treated mice, expression of human kallistatin in lung by gene transfer with human kallistatin-encoding plasmid ameliorated acute lung injury (ALI) and reduced cytokine/chemokine levels in BALF. These mice exhibited attenuated lung epithelial apoptosis and decreased Fas/FasL expression compared to the control mice. Mouse survival was improved by kallistatin gene transfer or recombinant human kallistatin treatment after LPS challenge. In LPS-stimulated A549 human lung epithelial cells, kallistatin attenuated apoptosis, down-regulated Fas/FasL signaling, suppressed intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and inhibited ROS-mediated NF-κB activation and inflammation. Furthermore, LPS-induced apoptosis was blocked by antioxidant N-acetylcysteine or NF-κB inhibitor via down-regulating Fas expression. These findings suggest the therapeutic potential of kallistatin for sepsis-related ALI/ARDS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Chieh Lin
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chang-Wen Chen
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Wen Huang
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Lee Chao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Julie Chao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Yee-Shin Lin
- 1] Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan [2] Center of Infectious Disease and Signaling Research, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chiou-Feng Lin
- 1] Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan [2] Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Kallistatin ameliorates influenza virus pathogenesis by inhibition of kallikrein-related peptidase 1-mediated cleavage of viral hemagglutinin. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2015; 59:5619-30. [PMID: 26149981 DOI: 10.1128/aac.00065-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2015] [Accepted: 06/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Proteolytic cleavage of the hemagglutinin (HA) of influenza virus by host trypsin-like proteases is required for viral infectivity. Some serine proteases are capable of cleaving influenza virus HA, whereas some serine protease inhibitors (serpins) inhibit the HA cleavage in various cell types. Kallikrein-related peptidase 1 (KLK1, also known as tissue kallikrein) is a widely distributed serine protease. Kallistatin, a serpin synthesized mainly in the liver and rapidly secreted into the circulation, forms complexes with KLK1 and inhibits its activity. Here, we investigated the roles of KLK1 and kallistatin in influenza virus infection. We show that the levels of KLK1 increased, whereas those of kallistatin decreased, in the lungs of mice during influenza virus infection. KLK1 cleaved H1, H2, and H3 HA molecules and consequently enhanced viral production. In contrast, kallistatin inhibited KLK1-mediated HA cleavage and reduced viral production. Cells transduced with the kallistatin gene secreted kallistatin extracellularly, which rendered them more resistant to influenza virus infection. Furthermore, lentivirus-mediated kallistatin gene delivery protected mice against lethal influenza virus challenge by reducing the viral load, inflammation, and injury in the lung. Taking the data together, we determined that KLK1 and kallistatin contribute to the pathogenesis of influenza virus by affecting the cleavage of the HA peptide and inflammatory responses. This study provides a proof of principle for the potential therapeutic application of kallistatin or other KLK1 inhibitors for influenza. Since proteolytic activation also enhances the infectivity of some other viruses, kallistatin and other kallikrein inhibitors may be explored as antiviral agents against these viruses.
Collapse
|
29
|
Li P, Guo Y, Bledsoe G, Yang ZR, Fan H, Chao L, Chao J. Kallistatin treatment attenuates lethality and organ injury in mouse models of established sepsis. CRITICAL CARE : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE CRITICAL CARE FORUM 2015; 19:200. [PMID: 25930108 PMCID: PMC4445990 DOI: 10.1186/s13054-015-0919-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2015] [Accepted: 04/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Kallistatin levels in the circulation are reduced in patients with sepsis and liver disease. Transgenic mice expressing kallistatin are resistant to lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced mortality. Here, we investigated the effect of kallistatin on survival and organ damage in mouse models of established sepsis. METHODS Mice were rendered septic by cecal ligation and puncture (CLP), or endotoxemic by LPS injection. Recombinant human kallistatin was administered intravenously six hours after CLP, or intraperitoneally four hours after LPS challenge. The effect of kallistatin treatment on organ damage was examined one day after sepsis initiation, and mouse survival was monitored for four to six days. RESULTS Human kallistatin was detected in mouse serum of kallistatin-treated mice. Kallistatin significantly reduced CLP-induced renal injury as well as blood urea nitrogen, serum creatinine, interleukin-6 (IL-6), and high mobility group box-1 (HMGB1) levels. In the lung, kallistatin decreased malondialdehyde levels and HMGB1 and toll-like receptor-4 (TLR4) synthesis, but increased suppressor of cytokine signaling-3 (SOCS3) expression. Moreover, kallistatin attenuated liver injury, serum alanine transaminase (ALT) levels and hepatic tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) synthesis. Furthermore, delayed kallistatin administration improved survival in CLP mice by 38%, and LPS-treated mice by 42%. In LPS-induced endotoxemic mice, kallistatin attenuated kidney damage in association with reduced serum creatinine, IL-6 and HMGB1 levels, and increased renal SOCS3 expression. Kallistatin also decreased liver injury in conjunction with diminished serum ALT levels and hepatic TNF-α and TLR4 expression. In cultured macrophages, kallistatin through its active site increased SOCS3 expression, but this effect was blocked by inhibitors of tyrosine kinase, protein kinase C and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), indicating that kallistatin stimulates a tyrosine-kinase-protein kinase C-ERK signaling pathway. CONCLUSIONS This is the first study to demonstrate that delayed human kallistatin administration is effective in attenuating multi-organ injury, inflammation and mortality in mouse models of polymicrobial infection and endotoxemia. Thus, kallistatin therapy may provide a promising approach for the treatment of sepsis in humans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pengfei Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, 173 Ashley Ave, Charleston, SC, 29425-2211, USA.
| | - Youming Guo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, 173 Ashley Ave, Charleston, SC, 29425-2211, USA.
| | - Grant Bledsoe
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, 173 Ashley Ave, Charleston, SC, 29425-2211, USA.
| | - Zhi-Rong Yang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, 173 Ashley Ave, Charleston, SC, 29425-2211, USA.
| | - Hongkuan Fan
- Department of Neurosciences, Medical University of South Carolina, 173 Ashley Ave, Charleston, SC, 29425-2211, USA.
| | - Lee Chao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, 173 Ashley Ave, Charleston, SC, 29425-2211, USA.
| | - Julie Chao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, 173 Ashley Ave, Charleston, SC, 29425-2211, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Abstract
Hydrodynamic delivery (HD) is a broadly used procedure for DNA and RNA delivery in rodents, serving as a powerful tool for gene/protein drug discovery, gene function analysis, target validation, and identification of elements in regulating gene expression in vivo. HD involves a pressurized injection of a large volume of solution into a vasculature. New procedures are being developed to satisfy the need for a safe and efficient gene delivery in clinic. Here, we summarize the fundamentals of HD, its applications, and future perspectives for clinical use.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Suda
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Dexi Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, University of Georgia, School of Pharmacy, Athens, GA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Misiakos EP, Bagias G, Patapis P, Sotiropoulos D, Kanavidis P, Machairas A. Current concepts in the management of necrotizing fasciitis. Front Surg 2014; 1:36. [PMID: 25593960 PMCID: PMC4286984 DOI: 10.3389/fsurg.2014.00036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 208] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2014] [Accepted: 08/24/2014] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Necrotizing fasciitis (NF) is a severe, rare, potentially lethal soft tissue infection that develops in the scrotum and perineum, the abdominal wall, or the extremities. The infection progresses rapidly, and septic shock may ensue; hence, the mortality rate is high (median mortality 32.2%). Prognosis becomes poorer in the presence of co-morbidities, such as diabetes mellitus, immunosuppression, chronic alcohol disease, chronic renal failure, and liver cirrhosis. NF is classified into four types, depending on microbiological findings. Most cases are polymicrobial, classed as type I. The clinical status of the patient varies from erythema, swelling, and tenderness in the early stage to skin ischemia with blisters and bullae in the advanced stage of infection. In its fulminant form, the patient is critically ill with signs and symptoms of severe septic shock and multiple organ dysfunction. The clinical condition is the most important clue for diagnosis. However, in equivocal cases, the diagnosis and severity of the infection can be secured with laboratory-based scoring systems, such as the laboratory risk indicator for necrotizing fasciitis score or Fournier's gangrene severity index score, especially in regard to Fournier's gangrene. Computed tomography or ultrasonography can be helpful, but definitive diagnosis is attained by exploratory surgery at the infected sites. Management of the infection begins with broad-spectrum antibiotics, but early and aggressive drainage and meticulous debridement constitute the mainstay of treatment. Postoperative management of the surgical wound is also important for the patient's survival, along with proper nutrition. The vacuum-assisted closure system has proved to be helpful in wound management, with its combined benefits of continuous cleansing of the wound and the formation of granulation tissue.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Evangelos P. Misiakos
- 3rd Department of Surgery, Attikon University Hospital, University of Athens School of Medicine, Athens, Greece
| | - George Bagias
- 3rd Department of Surgery, Attikon University Hospital, University of Athens School of Medicine, Athens, Greece
| | - Paul Patapis
- 3rd Department of Surgery, Attikon University Hospital, University of Athens School of Medicine, Athens, Greece
| | - Dimitrios Sotiropoulos
- 3rd Department of Surgery, Attikon University Hospital, University of Athens School of Medicine, Athens, Greece
| | - Prodromos Kanavidis
- 3rd Department of Surgery, Attikon University Hospital, University of Athens School of Medicine, Athens, Greece
| | - Anastasios Machairas
- 3rd Department of Surgery, Attikon University Hospital, University of Athens School of Medicine, Athens, Greece
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Li P, Bledsoe G, Yang ZR, Fan H, Chao L, Chao J. Human kallistatin administration reduces organ injury and improves survival in a mouse model of polymicrobial sepsis. Immunology 2014; 142:216-26. [PMID: 24467264 DOI: 10.1111/imm.12242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2013] [Revised: 12/16/2013] [Accepted: 01/03/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Kallistatin, a plasma protein, has been shown to exert multi-factorial functions including inhibition of inflammation, oxidative stress and apoptosis in animal models and cultured cells. Kallistatin levels are reduced in patients with sepsis and in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced septic mice. Moreover, transgenic mice expressing kallistatin are more resistant to LPS-induced mortality. Here, we investigated the effects of human kallistatin on organ injury and survival in a mouse model of polymicrobial sepsis. In this study, mice were injected intravenously with recombinant kallistatin (KS3, 3 mg/kg; or KS10, 10 mg/kg body weight) and then rendered septic by caecal ligation and puncture 30 min later. Kallistatin administration resulted in a > 10-fold reduction of peritoneal bacterial counts, and significantly decreased serum tumour necrosis factor-α, interleukin-6 and high mobility group box-1 (HMGB1) levels. Kallistatin also inhibited HMGB1 and toll-like receptor-4 gene expression in the lung and kidney. Administration of kallistatin attenuated renal damage and decreased blood urea nitrogen and serum creatinine levels, but increased endothelial nitric oxide synthase and nitric oxide levels in the kidney. In cultured endothelial cells, human kallistatin via its heparin-binding site inhibited HMGB1-induced nuclear factor-κB activation and inflammatory gene expression. Moreover, kallistatin significantly reduced apoptosis and caspase-3 activity in the spleen. Furthermore, kallistatin treatment markedly improved the survival of septic mice by 23% (KS3) and 41% (KS10). These results indicate that kallistatin is a unique protecting agent in sepsis-induced organ damage and mortality by inhibiting inflammation and apoptosis, as well as enhancing bacterial clearance in a mouse model of polymicrobial sepsis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pengfei Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|