1
|
Hinz A, Amado A, Kassen R, Bank C, Wong A. Unpredictability of the Fitness Effects of Antimicrobial Resistance Mutations Across Environments in Escherichia coli. Mol Biol Evol 2024; 41:msae086. [PMID: 38709811 PMCID: PMC11110942 DOI: 10.1093/molbev/msae086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Revised: 04/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024] Open
Abstract
The evolution of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in bacteria is a major public health concern, and antibiotic restriction is often implemented to reduce the spread of resistance. These measures rely on the existence of deleterious fitness effects (i.e. costs) imposed by AMR mutations during growth in the absence of antibiotics. According to this assumption, resistant strains will be outcompeted by susceptible strains that do not pay the cost during the period of restriction. The fitness effects of AMR mutations are generally studied in laboratory reference strains grown in standard growth environments; however, the genetic and environmental context can influence the magnitude and direction of a mutation's fitness effects. In this study, we measure how three sources of variation impact the fitness effects of Escherichia coli AMR mutations: the type of resistance mutation, the genetic background of the host, and the growth environment. We demonstrate that while AMR mutations are generally costly in antibiotic-free environments, their fitness effects vary widely and depend on complex interactions between the mutation, genetic background, and environment. We test the ability of the Rough Mount Fuji fitness landscape model to reproduce the empirical data in simulation. We identify model parameters that reasonably capture the variation in fitness effects due to genetic variation. However, the model fails to accommodate the observed variation when considering multiple growth environments. Overall, this study reveals a wealth of variation in the fitness effects of resistance mutations owing to genetic background and environmental conditions, which will ultimately impact their persistence in natural populations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aaron Hinz
- Department of Biology, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada
- Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada
- Department of Biology, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 1B1, Canada
| | - André Amado
- Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Division of Theoretical Ecology and Evolution, Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Evolutionary Dynamics Group, Gulbenkian Science Institute, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Rees Kassen
- Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada
- Department of Biology, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 1B1, Canada
| | - Claudia Bank
- Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Division of Theoretical Ecology and Evolution, Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Evolutionary Dynamics Group, Gulbenkian Science Institute, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Alex Wong
- Department of Biology, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Oviatt A, Gibson EG, Huang J, Mattern K, Neuman KC, Chan PF, Osheroff N. Interactions between Gepotidacin and Escherichia coli Gyrase and Topoisomerase IV: Genetic and Biochemical Evidence for Well-Balanced Dual-Targeting. ACS Infect Dis 2024; 10:1137-1151. [PMID: 38606465 PMCID: PMC11015057 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.3c00346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance is a global threat to human health. Therefore, efforts have been made to develop new antibacterial agents that address this critical medical issue. Gepotidacin is a novel, bactericidal, first-in-class triazaacenaphthylene antibacterial in clinical development. Recently, phase III clinical trials for gepotidacin treatment of uncomplicated urinary tract infections caused by uropathogens, including Escherichia coli, were stopped for demonstrated efficacy. Because of the clinical promise of gepotidacin, it is important to understand how the compound interacts with its cellular targets, gyrase and topoisomerase IV, from E. coli. Consequently, we determined how gyrase and topoisomerase IV mutations in amino acid residues that are involved in gepotidacin interactions affect the susceptibility of E. coli cells to the compound and characterized the effects of gepotidacin on the activities of purified wild-type and mutant gyrase and topoisomerase IV. Gepotidacin displayed well-balanced dual-targeting of gyrase and topoisomerase IV in E. coli cells, which was reflected in a similar inhibition of the catalytic activities of these enzymes by the compound. Gepotidacin induced gyrase/topoisomerase IV-mediated single-stranded, but not double-stranded, DNA breaks. Mutations in GyrA and ParC amino acid residues that interact with gepotidacin altered the activity of the compound against the enzymes and, when present in both gyrase and topoisomerase IV, reduced the antibacterial activity of gepotidacin against this mutant strain. Our studies provide insights regarding the well-balanced dual-targeting of gyrase and topoisomerase IV by gepotidacin in E. coli.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexandria
A. Oviatt
- Department
of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University School
of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | - Elizabeth G. Gibson
- Department
of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University School
of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
- Department
of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School
of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | - Jianzhong Huang
- Infectious
Diseases Research Unit, GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, Pennsylvania 19426, United States
| | - Karen Mattern
- Infectious
Diseases Research Unit, GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, Pennsylvania 19426, United States
| | - Keir C. Neuman
- Laboratory
of Single Molecule Biophysics, National
Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20982, United States
| | - Pan F. Chan
- Infectious
Diseases Research Unit, GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, Pennsylvania 19426, United States
| | - Neil Osheroff
- Department
of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University School
of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
- Department
of Medicine (Hematology/Oncology), Vanderbilt
University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
- VA
Tennessee
Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, Tennessee 37212, United States
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Collins J, Osheroff N. Gyrase and Topoisomerase IV: Recycling Old Targets for New Antibacterials to Combat Fluoroquinolone Resistance. ACS Infect Dis 2024; 10:1097-1115. [PMID: 38564341 PMCID: PMC11019561 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.4c00128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2024] [Revised: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Beyond their requisite functions in many critical DNA processes, the bacterial type II topoisomerases, gyrase and topoisomerase IV, are the targets of fluoroquinolone antibacterials. These drugs act by stabilizing gyrase/topoisomerase IV-generated DNA strand breaks and by robbing the cell of the catalytic activities of these essential enzymes. Since their clinical approval in the mid-1980s, fluoroquinolones have been used to treat a broad spectrum of infectious diseases and are listed among the five "highest priority" critically important antimicrobial classes by the World Health Organization. Unfortunately, the widespread use of fluoroquinolones has been accompanied by a rise in target-mediated resistance caused by specific mutations in gyrase and topoisomerase IV, which has curtailed the medical efficacy of this drug class. As a result, efforts are underway to identify novel antibacterials that target the bacterial type II topoisomerases. Several new classes of gyrase/topoisomerase IV-targeted antibacterials have emerged, including novel bacterial topoisomerase inhibitors, Mycobacterium tuberculosis gyrase inhibitors, triazaacenaphthylenes, spiropyrimidinetriones, and thiophenes. Phase III clinical trials that utilized two members of these classes, gepotidacin (triazaacenaphthylene) and zoliflodacin (spiropyrimidinetrione), have been completed with positive outcomes, underscoring the potential of these compounds to become the first new classes of antibacterials introduced into the clinic in decades. Because gyrase and topoisomerase IV are validated targets for established and emerging antibacterials, this review will describe the catalytic mechanism and cellular activities of the bacterial type II topoisomerases, their interactions with fluoroquinolones, the mechanism of target-mediated fluoroquinolone resistance, and the actions of novel antibacterials against wild-type and fluoroquinolone-resistant gyrase and topoisomerase IV.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jessica
A. Collins
- Department
of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University School
of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | - Neil Osheroff
- Department
of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University School
of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
- Department
of Medicine (Hematology/Oncology), Vanderbilt
University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Okumura K, Kaido M, Muratani T, Yamasaki E, Akai Y, Kurazono H, Yamamoto S. Multi-drug resistance pattern and genome-wide SNP detection in levofloxacin-resistant uropathogenic Escherichia coli strains. Int J Urol 2024; 31:295-300. [PMID: 38041251 DOI: 10.1111/iju.15348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Antibiotic treatment is extremely stressful for bacteria and has profound effects on their viability. Such administration induces physiological changes in bacterial cells, with considerable impact on their genome structure that induces mutations throughout the entire genome. This study investigated drug resistance profiles and structural changes in the entire genome of uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) strains isolated from six adapted clones that had evolved under laboratory conditions. METHODS Eight UPEC strains, including two parental strains and six adapted clones, with different fluoroquinolone resistance levels originally isolated from two patients were used. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 28 different antibiotics including levofloxacin was determined for each of the eight strains. In addition, the effects of mutations acquired with increased drug resistance in the levofloxacin-resistant strains on expression of genes implicated to be involved in drug resistance were examined. RESULTS Of the eight UPEC strains used to test the MIC of 28 different antibiotics, two highly fluoroquinolone-resistant strains showed increased MIC in association with many of the antibiotics. As drug resistance increased, some genes acquired mutations, including the transcriptional regulator acrR and DNA-binding transcriptional repressor marR. Two strain groups with genetically different backgrounds (GUC9 and GFCS1) commonly acquired mutations in acrR and marR. Notably, acquired mutations related to efflux pump upregulation also contributed to increases in MIC for various antibiotics other than fluoroquinolone. CONCLUSIONS The present results obtained using strains with artificially acquired drug resistance clarify the underlying mechanism of resistance to fluoroquinolones and other types of antibiotics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kayo Okumura
- Management Department of Biosafety, Laboratory Animal, and Pathogen Bank, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Higashimurayama, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Masako Kaido
- Scientific Affairs, Medical & Scientific Affairs, Sysmex Corporation, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
| | | | - Eiki Yamasaki
- Diagnostic Center for Animal Health and Food Safety, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Yasumasa Akai
- Regulatory Affairs & Quality Assurance, Sysmex Corporation, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Hisao Kurazono
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Shingo Yamamoto
- Department of Urology, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Frizzell JK, Taylor RL, Ryno LM. Constitutive Activation of RpoH and the Addition of L-arabinose Influence Antibiotic Sensitivity of PHL628 E. coli. Antibiotics (Basel) 2024; 13:143. [PMID: 38391529 PMCID: PMC10886279 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics13020143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Antibiotics are used to combat the ever-present threat of infectious diseases, but bacteria are continually evolving an assortment of defenses that enable their survival against even the most potent treatments. While the demand for novel antibiotic agents is high, the discovery of a new agent is exceedingly rare. We chose to focus on understanding how different signal transduction pathways in the gram-negative bacterium Escherichia coli (E. coli) influence the sensitivity of the organism to antibiotics from three different classes: tetracycline, chloramphenicol, and levofloxacin. Using the PHL628 strain of E. coli, we exogenously overexpressed two transcription factors, FliA and RpoH.I54N (a constitutively active mutant), to determine their influence on the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum duration of killing (MDK) concentration for each of the studied antibiotics. We hypothesized that activating these pathways, which upregulate genes that respond to specific stressors, could mitigate bacterial response to antibiotic treatment. We also compared the exogenous overexpression of the constitutively active RpoH mutant to thermal heat shock that has feedback loops maintained. While FliA overexpression had no impact on MIC or antibiotic tolerance, RpoH.I54N overexpression reduced the MIC for tetracycline and chloramphenicol but had no independent impact on antibiotic tolerance. Thermal heat shock alone also did not affect MIC or antibiotic tolerance. L-arabinose, the small molecule used to induce expression in our system, unexpectedly independently increased the MICs for tetracycline (>2-fold) and levofloxacin (3-fold). Additionally, the combination of thermal heat shock and arabinose provided a synergistic, 5-fold increase in MIC for chloramphenicol. Arabinose increased the tolerance, as assessed by MDK99, for chloramphenicol (2-fold) and levofloxacin (4-fold). These experiments highlight the potential of the RpoH pathway to modulate antibiotic sensitivity and the emerging implication of arabinose in enhanced MIC and antibiotic tolerance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jenna K Frizzell
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Oberlin College, Oberlin, OH 44074, USA
| | - Ryan L Taylor
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Oberlin College, Oberlin, OH 44074, USA
| | - Lisa M Ryno
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Oberlin College, Oberlin, OH 44074, USA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Qi W, Jonker MJ, Teichmann L, Wortel M, Ter Kuile BH. The influence of oxygen and oxidative stress on de novo acquisition of antibiotic resistance in E. coli and Lactobacillus lactis. BMC Microbiol 2023; 23:279. [PMID: 37784016 PMCID: PMC10544416 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-023-03031-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bacteria can acquire resistance through DNA mutations in response to exposure to sub-lethal concentrations of antibiotics. According to the radical-based theory, reactive oxygen species (ROS), a byproduct of the respiratory pathway, and oxidative stress caused by reactive metabolic byproducts, play a role in cell death as secondary killing mechanism. In this study we address the question whether ROS also affects development of resistance, in the conditions that the cells is not killed by the antibiotic. RESULTS To investigate whether oxygen and ROS affect de novo acquisition of antibiotic resistance, evolution of resistance due to exposure to non-lethal levels of antimicrobials was compared in E. coli wildtype and ΔoxyR strains under aerobic and anaerobic conditions. Since Lactococcus lactis (L. lactis) does not have an active electron transport chain (ETC) even in the presence of oxygen, and thus forms much less ROS, resistance development in L. lactis was used to distinguish between oxygen and ROS. The resistance acquisition in E. coli wildtype under aerobic and anaerobic conditions did not differ much. However, the aerobically grown ΔoxyR strain gained resistance faster than the wildtype or anaerobic ΔoxyR. Inducing an ETC by adding heme increased the rate at which L. lactis acquired resistance. Whole genome sequencing identified specific mutations involved in the acquisition of resistance. These mutations were specific for each antibiotic. The lexA mutation in ΔoxyR strain under aerobic conditions indicated that the SOS response was involved in resistance acquisition. CONCLUSIONS The concept of hormesis can explain the beneficial effects of low levels of ROS and reactive metabolic byproducts, while high levels are lethal. DNA repair and mutagenesis may therefore expedite development of resistance. Taken together, the results suggest that oxygen as such barely affects resistance development. Nevertheless, non-lethal levels of ROS stimulate de novo acquisition of antibiotic resistance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenxi Qi
- Laboratory for Molecular Biology and Microbial Food Safety, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Martijs J Jonker
- RNA Biology & Applied Bioinformatics, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Lisa Teichmann
- Laboratory for Molecular Biology and Microbial Food Safety, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Meike Wortel
- Laboratory for Molecular Biology and Microbial Food Safety, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Benno H Ter Kuile
- Laboratory for Molecular Biology and Microbial Food Safety, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
- Netherlands Food and Consumer Product Safety Authority, Office for Risk Assessment, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
El-Saadony MT, Saad AM, Yang T, Salem HM, Korma SA, Ahmed AE, Mosa WFA, Abd El-Mageed TA, Selim S, Al Jaouni SK, Zaghloul RA, Abd El-Hack ME, El-Tarabily KA, Ibrahim SA. Avian campylobacteriosis, prevalence, sources, hazards, antibiotic resistance, poultry meat contamination, and control measures: a comprehensive review. Poult Sci 2023; 102:102786. [PMID: 37454641 PMCID: PMC10371856 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2023.102786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Avian campylobacteriosis is a vandal infection that poses human health hazards. Campylobacter is usually colonized in the avian gut revealing mild signs in the infected birds, but retail chicken carcasses have high contamination levels of Campylobacter spp. Consequently, the contaminated avian products constitute the main source of human infection with campylobacteriosis and result in severe clinical symptoms such as diarrhea, abdominal pain, spasm, and deaths in sensitive cases. Thus, the current review aims to shed light on the prevalence of Campylobacter in broiler chickens, Campylobacter colonization, bird immunity against Campylobacter, sources of poultry infection, antibiotic resistance, poultry meat contamination, human health hazard, and the use of standard antimicrobial technology during the chicken processing of possible control strategies to overcome such problems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed T El-Saadony
- Department of Agricultural Microbiology, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44511, Egypt
| | - Ahmed M Saad
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44511, Egypt
| | - Tao Yang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Translational Medicine of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, 571199, China
| | - Heba M Salem
- Department of Poultry Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, 12211, Egypt
| | - Sameh A Korma
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44511, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Ezzat Ahmed
- Biology Department, College of Science, King Khalid University, Abha, 61413, Saudi Arabia; Research Center for Advanced Materials Science (RCAMS), King Khalid University, Abha, 61413, Saudi Arabia
| | - Walid F A Mosa
- Plant Production Department (Horticulture-Pomology), Faculty of Agriculture, Saba Basha, Alexandria University, Alexandria, 21531, Egypt
| | - Taia A Abd El-Mageed
- Department of Soils and Water, Faculty of Agriculture, Fayoum University, Fayoum, 63514, Egypt
| | - Samy Selim
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Jouf University, Sakaka, 72388, Saudi Arabia
| | - Soad K Al Jaouni
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, Yousef Abdulatif Jameel Scientific Chair of Prophetic Medicine Application, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rashed A Zaghloul
- Department Agricultural Microbiology, Faculty of Agriculture, Benha University, Moshtohor, Qaluybia, 13736, Egypt
| | - Mohamed E Abd El-Hack
- Poultry Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44511, Egypt
| | - Khaled A El-Tarabily
- Department of Biology, College of Science, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, 15551, United Arab Emirates.
| | - Salam A Ibrahim
- Food Microbiology and Biotechnology Laboratory, Carver Hall, College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, North Carolina A & T State University, Greensboro, NC, 27411-1064
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Choi JH, Ali MS, Moon BY, Kang HY, Kim SJ, Song HJ, Mechesso AF, Moon DC, Lim SK. Prevalence and Characterization of Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamase-Producing Escherichia coli Isolated from Dogs and Cats in South Korea. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:antibiotics12040745. [PMID: 37107106 PMCID: PMC10135382 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12040745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Revised: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/09/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Overall, 836 Escherichia coli isolates (695 isolates from dogs and 141 from cats) were recovered from the diarrhea, skin/ear, urine, and genitals of dogs and cats between 2018 and 2019. Cefovecin and enrofloxacin resistance were noted in 17.1% and 21.2% of E. coli isolates, respectively. The cefovecin and enrofloxacin resistance rates were higher in dog isolates (18.1% and 22.9%) compared with the rates in cat isolates (12.1%, 12.8%). Interestingly, resistance to both antimicrobials was noted in 10.8% (90/836) of the isolates, predominantly in isolates from dogs. blaCTX-M-14, blaCTX-M-15, and blaCMY-2 were the most frequent extended-spectrum β-lactamase/plasmid-mediated AmpC β-lactamase (ESBL/AmpC)- gene types. The co-existence of blaCTX-M andblaCMY-2 was noted in six E. coli isolates from dogs. Sequencing analysis demonstrated that S83L and D87N in gyrA and S80I in parC were the most frequent point mutations in the quinolone resistance-determining regions of the cefovecin and enrofloxacin-resistant isolates. A total of 11 isolates from dogs carried the plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance genes (six aac(6')-Ib-cr, four qnrS, and one qnrB), while only two cat isolates carried the qnrS gene. Multilocus sequence typing of the cefovecin and enrofloxacin-resistant isolates revealed that sequence type (ST)131 E. coli carrying blaCTX-M-14 and blaCTX-M-15 genes and ST405 E. coli carrying blaCMY-2 gene were predominant among the isolated E. coli strains. The majority of the ESBL/AmpC-producing isolates displayed diverse pulsed-field gel electrophoresis profiles. This study demonstrated that third-generation cephalosporin- and fluoroquinolone-resistant E. coli were widely distributed in companion animals. The detection of the pandemic ST131 clone carrying blaCTX-M-14/15 in companion animals presented a public health threat.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Hyun Choi
- Bacterial Disease Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, 177 Hyeksin 8-ro, Gimcheon-si 39660, Republic of Korea
| | - Md Sekendar Ali
- Bacterial Disease Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, 177 Hyeksin 8-ro, Gimcheon-si 39660, Republic of Korea
| | - Bo-Youn Moon
- Bacterial Disease Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, 177 Hyeksin 8-ro, Gimcheon-si 39660, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee-Young Kang
- Bacterial Disease Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, 177 Hyeksin 8-ro, Gimcheon-si 39660, Republic of Korea
| | - Su-Jeong Kim
- Bacterial Disease Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, 177 Hyeksin 8-ro, Gimcheon-si 39660, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Ju Song
- Bacterial Disease Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, 177 Hyeksin 8-ro, Gimcheon-si 39660, Republic of Korea
| | - Abraham Fikru Mechesso
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5900, USA
| | - Dong-Chan Moon
- Division of Antimicrobial Resistance Research, Center for Infectious Diseases Research, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, Cheongju 28159, Republic of Korea
| | - Suk-Kyung Lim
- Bacterial Disease Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, 177 Hyeksin 8-ro, Gimcheon-si 39660, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Tang K, Zhao H. Quinolone Antibiotics: Resistance and Therapy. Infect Drug Resist 2023; 16:811-820. [PMID: 36798480 PMCID: PMC9926991 DOI: 10.2147/idr.s401663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The clinical application of quinolone antibiotics is particularly extensive. In addition to their high efficiency in infectious diseases, the treatment process brings multiple hidden dangers or side effects. In this regard, drug resistance becomes a major challenge and is almost unavoidable in the clinical application of quinolones. Both genetic and phenotypic variations contribute to bacterial survival resistance under antibiotic therapy. This review is focusing on the drug discovery history, compound structure, and bactericidal mechanism of quinolone antibiotics. Recent studies bring a more in-depth insight into the research progress of quinolone antibiotics in the causes of death, drug resistance formation, and closely related SOS response after disease treatment at this stage. Combined with the latest clinical studies, we summarize the clinical application of quinolone antibiotics and further lay a theoretical foundation for the mechanism study of resistant or sensitive bacteria in response to quinolone treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kai Tang
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innate Immune Biology, Fujian Normal University, Fujian, People’s Republic of China
| | - Heng Zhao
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innate Immune Biology, Fujian Normal University, Fujian, People’s Republic of China,Correspondence: Heng Zhao, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innate Immune Biology, Fujian Normal University, Fujian, People’s Republic of China, Tel +86-17689970104, Email
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Carter HE, Wildman B, Schwanz HA, Kerns RJ, Aldred KJ. Role of the Water-Metal Ion Bridge in Quinolone Interactions with Escherichia coli Gyrase. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:2879. [PMID: 36769202 PMCID: PMC9917921 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Fluoroquinolones are an important class of antibacterials, and rising levels of resistance threaten their clinical efficacy. Gaining a more full understanding of their mechanism of action against their target enzymes-the bacterial type II topoisomerases gyrase and topoisomerase IV-may allow us to rationally design quinolone-based drugs that overcome resistance. As a step toward this goal, we investigated whether the water-metal ion bridge that has been found to mediate the major point of interaction between Escherichia coli topoisomerase IV and Bacillus anthracis topoisomerase IV and gyrase, as well as Mycobacterium tuberculosis gyrase, exists in E. coli gyrase. This is the first investigation of the water-metal ion bridge and its function in a Gram-negative gyrase. Evidence suggests that the water-metal ion bridge does exist in quinolone interactions with this enzyme and, unlike the Gram-positive B. anthracis gyrase, does use both conserved residues (serine and acidic) as bridge anchors. Furthermore, this interaction appears to play a positioning role. These findings raise the possibility that the water-metal ion bridge is a universal point of interaction between quinolones and type II topoisomerases and that it functions primarily as a binding contact in Gram-positive species and primarily as a positioning interaction in Gram-negative species. Future studies will explore this possibility.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hannah E. Carter
- Biology Department, University of Evansville, Evansville, IN 47722, USA
| | - Baylee Wildman
- Biology Department, University of Evansville, Evansville, IN 47722, USA
| | - Heidi A. Schwanz
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Experimental Therapeutics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 42232, USA
| | - Robert J. Kerns
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Experimental Therapeutics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 42232, USA
| | - Katie J. Aldred
- Biology Department, University of Evansville, Evansville, IN 47722, USA
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Spencer AC, Panda SS. DNA Gyrase as a Target for Quinolones. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11020371. [PMID: 36830908 PMCID: PMC9953508 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11020371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacterial DNA gyrase is a type II topoisomerase that can introduce negative supercoils to DNA substrates and is a clinically-relevant target for the development of new antibacterials. DNA gyrase is one of the primary targets of quinolones, broad-spectrum antibacterial agents and are used as a first-line drug for various types of infections. However, currently used quinolones are becoming less effective due to drug resistance. Common resistance comes in the form of mutation in enzyme targets, with this type being the most clinically relevant. Additional mechanisms, conducive to quinolone resistance, are arbitrated by chromosomal mutations and/or plasmid-gene uptake that can alter quinolone cellular concentration and interaction with the target, or affect drug metabolism. Significant synthetic strategies have been employed to modify the quinolone scaffold and/or develop novel quinolones to overcome the resistance problem. This review discusses the development of quinolone antibiotics targeting DNA gyrase to overcome bacterial resistance and reduce toxicity. Moreover, structural activity relationship (SAR) data included in this review could be useful for the development of future generations of quinolone antibiotics.
Collapse
|
12
|
Abbott IJ, van Gorp E, Cottingham H, Macesic N, Wallis SC, Roberts JA, Meletiadis J, Peleg AY. Oral ciprofloxacin activity against ceftriaxone-resistant Escherichia coli in an in vitro bladder infection model. J Antimicrob Chemother 2022; 78:397-410. [PMID: 36473954 PMCID: PMC9890216 DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkac402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Pharmacodynamic profiling of oral ciprofloxacin dosing for urinary tract infections caused by ceftriaxone-resistant Escherichia coli isolates with ciprofloxacin MIC ≥ 0.25 mg/L. BACKGROUND Urine-specific breakpoints for ciprofloxacin do not exist. However, high urinary concentrations may promote efficacy in isolates with low-level resistance. METHODS Ceftriaxone-resistant E. coli urinary isolates were screened for ciprofloxacin susceptibility. Fifteen representative strains were selected and tested using a dynamic bladder infection model. Oral ciprofloxacin dosing was simulated over 3 days (250 mg daily, 500 mg daily, 250 mg 12 hourly, 500 mg 12 hourly and 750 mg 12 hourly). The model was run for 96 h. Primary endpoint was change in bacterial density at 72 h. Secondary endpoints were follow-up change in bacterial density at 96 h and area-under-bacterial-kill-curve. Bacterial response was related to exposure (AUC0-24/MIC; Cmax/MIC). PTA was determined using Monte-Carlo simulation. RESULTS Ninety-three clinical isolates demonstrated a trimodal ciprofloxacin MIC distribution (modal MICs at 0.016, 0.25 and 32 mg/L). Fifteen selected clinical isolates (ciprofloxacin MIC 0.25-512 mg/L) had a broad range of quinolone-resistance genes. Following ciprofloxacin exposure, E. coli ATCC 25922 (MIC 0.008 mg/L) was killed in all dosing experiments. Six isolates (MIC ≥ 16 mg/L) regrew in all experiments. Remaining isolates (MIC 0.25-8 mg/L) regrew variably after an initial period of killing, depending on simulated ciprofloxacin dose. A >95% PTA, using AUC0-24/MIC targets, supported 250 mg 12 hourly for susceptible isolates (MIC ≤ 0.25 mg/L). For isolates with MIC ≤ 1 mg/L, 750 mg 12 hourly promoted 3 log10 kill at the end of treatment (72 h), 1 log10 kill at follow-up (96 h) and 90% maximal activity (AUBKC0-96). CONCLUSIONS Bladder infection modelling supports oral ciprofloxacin activity against E. coli with low-level resistance (ciprofloxacin MIC ≤ 1 mg/L) when using high dose therapy (750 mg 12 hourly).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Elke van Gorp
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Alfred Hospital and Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Hugh Cottingham
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Alfred Hospital and Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Nenad Macesic
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Alfred Hospital and Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Steven C Wallis
- University of Queensland Centre for Clinical Research, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Jason A Roberts
- University of Queensland Centre for Clinical Research, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia,Department of Intensive Care Medicine and Pharmacy Department, Royal Brisbane and Women’s Hospital, Brisbane, Australia,Division of Anaesthesiology Critical Care Emergency and Pain Medicine, Nîmes University Hospital, University of Montpellier, Nîmes, France
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Haeili M, Salehzeinali H, Mirzaei S, Pishnian Z, Ahmadi A. Molecular characterization of quinolone resistance and antimicrobial resistance profiles of Klebsiella pneumoniae and Escherichia coli isolated from human and broiler chickens. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH RESEARCH 2022; 32:1382-1392. [PMID: 33615919 DOI: 10.1080/09603123.2021.1885632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
This study characterized quinolone (Q) resistance determinants in a series of Klebsiella pneumoniae (n = 26) and Escherichia coli (n = 19) isolates of human and animal origin. The presence of plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance (PMQR) and carabpenemase genes was examined by PCR. The quinolone resistance-determining regions (QRDRs) of gyrA and parC genes were sequenced. Thirty-three isolates had ciprofloxacin MIC≥8 mg/l. About 34.6% and 10.5% of K. pneumoniae and E. coli isolates were ESBL producers respectively. The PMQR genes were detected in 77% (n = 35) of isolates. The oqxAB was the most prevalent PMQR gene being identified in all K. pneumoniae isolates, followed by aac(6')-Ib-cr (34.6%), qnrS (23%) and qnrB (7.7%). The most frequently detected gene among E. coli isolates was qnrS (36.8%) followed by aac(6')-Ib-cr (10.5%) and qepA (5.2%). All Q resistant isolates harbored amino acid substitutions in both GyrA and ParC QRDRs. High prevalence of PMQR genes among food-producing animal isolates is an issue of great concern.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mehri Haeili
- Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Hila Salehzeinali
- Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Somayyeh Mirzaei
- Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Zeinab Pishnian
- Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Amin Ahmadi
- Research Center for Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Chen M, Shi X, Yu Z, Fan G, Serysheva II, Baker ML, Luisi BF, Ludtke SJ, Wang Z. In situ structure of the AcrAB-TolC efflux pump at subnanometer resolution. Structure 2022; 30:107-113.e3. [PMID: 34506732 PMCID: PMC8741639 DOI: 10.1016/j.str.2021.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Revised: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The tripartite AcrAB-TolC assembly, which spans both the inner and outer membranes in Gram-negative bacteria, is an efflux pump that contributes to multidrug resistance. Here, we present the in situ structure of full-length Escherichia coli AcrAB-TolC determined at 7 Å resolution by electron cryo-tomography. The TolC channel penetrates the outer membrane bilayer through to the outer leaflet and exhibits two different configurations that differ by a 60° rotation relative to the AcrB position in the pump assembly. AcrA protomers interact directly with the inner membrane and with AcrB via an interface located in proximity to the AcrB ligand-binding pocket. Our structural analysis suggests that these AcrA-bridged interactions underlie an allosteric mechanism for transmitting drug-evoked signals from AcrB to the TolC channel within the pump. Our study demonstrates the power of in situ electron cryo-tomography, which permits critical insights into the function of bacterial efflux pumps.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Muyuan Chen
- Verna and Marrs McLean Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Xiaodong Shi
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology and Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesia and Analgesia Application, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221004, China
| | - Zhili Yu
- Verna and Marrs McLean Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Guizhen Fan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Structural Biology Imaging Center, McGovern Medical School at the University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Irina I Serysheva
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Structural Biology Imaging Center, McGovern Medical School at the University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Matthew L Baker
- Verna and Marrs McLean Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Structural Biology Imaging Center, McGovern Medical School at the University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Ben F Luisi
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB21GA, UK
| | - Steven J Ludtke
- Verna and Marrs McLean Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Zhao Wang
- Verna and Marrs McLean Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Shaheen A, Tariq A, Iqbal M, Mirza O, Haque A, Walz T, Rahman M. Mutational Diversity in the Quinolone Resistance-Determining Regions of Type-II Topoisomerases of Salmonella Serovars. Antibiotics (Basel) 2021; 10:antibiotics10121455. [PMID: 34943668 PMCID: PMC8698434 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics10121455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Quinolone resistance in bacterial pathogens has primarily been associated with mutations in the quinolone resistance-determining regions (QRDRs) of bacterial type-II topoisomerases, which are DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV. Depending on the position and type of the mutation (s) in the QRDRs, bacteria either become partially or completely resistant to quinolone. QRDR mutations have been identified and characterized in Salmonella enterica isolates from around the globe, particularly during the last decade, and efforts have been made to understand the propensity of different serovars to carry such mutations. Because there is currently no thorough analysis of the available literature on QRDR mutations in different Salmonella serovars, this review aims to provide a comprehensive picture of the mutational diversity in QRDRs of Salmonella serovars, summarizing the literature related to both typhoidal and non-typhoidal Salmonella serovars with a special emphasis on recent findings. This review will also discuss plasmid-mediated quinolone-resistance determinants with respect to their additive or synergistic contributions with QRDR mutations in imparting elevated quinolone resistance. Finally, the review will assess the contribution of membrane transporter-mediated quinolone efflux to quinolone resistance in strains carrying QRDR mutations. This information should be helpful to guide the routine surveillance of foodborne Salmonella serovars, especially with respect to their spread across countries, as well as to improve laboratory diagnosis of quinolone-resistant Salmonella strains.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aqsa Shaheen
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Hafiz Hayat Campus, University of Gujrat, Gujrat 50700, Pakistan
- Correspondence: (A.S.); (M.R.); Tel.: +92-53-3643112-187 (A.S.); +92-42-35953122 (M.R.)
| | - Anam Tariq
- Drug Discovery and Structural Biology Group, Health Biotechnology Division, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (NIBGE), Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan; (A.T.); (M.I.)
| | - Mazhar Iqbal
- Drug Discovery and Structural Biology Group, Health Biotechnology Division, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (NIBGE), Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan; (A.T.); (M.I.)
| | - Osman Mirza
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark;
| | - Abdul Haque
- Human Infectious Diseases Group, Akhuwat First University, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan;
| | - Thomas Walz
- Laboratory of Molecular Electron Microscopy, Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA;
| | - Moazur Rahman
- School of Biological Sciences, Quaid-I-Azam Campus, University of the Punjab, Lahore 54590, Pakistan
- Correspondence: (A.S.); (M.R.); Tel.: +92-53-3643112-187 (A.S.); +92-42-35953122 (M.R.)
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Ma X, Zheng B, Wang J, Li G, Cao S, Wen Y, Huang X, Zuo Z, Zhong Z, Gu Y. Quinolone Resistance of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae Revealed through Genome and Transcriptome Analyses. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms221810036. [PMID: 34576206 PMCID: PMC8472844 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221810036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Revised: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae is a pathogen that infects pigs and poses a serious threat to the pig industry. The emergence of quinolone-resistant strains of A.pleuropneumoniae further limits the choice of treatment. However, the mechanisms behind quinolone resistance in A.pleuropneumoniae remain unclear. The genomes of a ciprofloxacin-resistant strain, A. pleuropneumoniae SC1810 and its isogenic drug-sensitive counterpart were sequenced and analyzed using various bioinformatics tools, revealing 559 differentially expressed genes. The biological membrane, plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance genes and quinolone resistance-determining region were detected. Upregulated expression of efflux pump genes led to ciprofloxacin resistance. The expression of two porins, OmpP2B and LamB, was significantly downregulated in the mutant. Three nonsynonymous mutations in the mutant strain disrupted the water–metal ion bridge, subsequently reducing the affinity of the quinolone–enzyme complex for metal ions and leading to cross-resistance to multiple quinolones. The mechanism of quinolone resistance in A. pleuropneumoniae may involve inhibition of expression of the outer membrane protein genes ompP2B and lamB to decrease drug influx, overexpression of AcrB in the efflux pump to enhance its drug-pumping ability, and mutation in the quinolone resistance-determining region to weaken the binding of the remaining drugs. These findings will provide new potential targets for treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoping Ma
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (X.M.); (B.Z.); (J.W.); (G.L.); (Z.Z.); (Z.Z.)
- Research Center of Swine Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (Y.W.); (X.H.)
| | - Bowen Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (X.M.); (B.Z.); (J.W.); (G.L.); (Z.Z.); (Z.Z.)
| | - Jiafan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (X.M.); (B.Z.); (J.W.); (G.L.); (Z.Z.); (Z.Z.)
| | - Gen Li
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (X.M.); (B.Z.); (J.W.); (G.L.); (Z.Z.); (Z.Z.)
- Bioengineering Department, Sichuan Water Conservancy Vocational College, Chengdu 611231, China
| | - Sanjie Cao
- Research Center of Swine Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (Y.W.); (X.H.)
- Correspondence: (S.C.); (Y.G.)
| | - Yiping Wen
- Research Center of Swine Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (Y.W.); (X.H.)
| | - Xiaobo Huang
- Research Center of Swine Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (Y.W.); (X.H.)
| | - Zhicai Zuo
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (X.M.); (B.Z.); (J.W.); (G.L.); (Z.Z.); (Z.Z.)
| | - Zhijun Zhong
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (X.M.); (B.Z.); (J.W.); (G.L.); (Z.Z.); (Z.Z.)
| | - Yu Gu
- College of Life Sciences, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
- Correspondence: (S.C.); (Y.G.)
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Ambroise J, Benaissa E, Irenge LMWB, Belouad EM, Bearzatto B, Durant JF, Badir J, Elouennass M, Gala JL. Genomic characterisation of extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing multidrug-resistant Escherichia coli in Rabat, Morocco. J Glob Antimicrob Resist 2021; 26:335-341. [PMID: 34303856 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgar.2021.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Revised: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Escherichia coli are an increasingly significant cause of hospital- and community-acquired infections worldwide. Whereas several reports have highlighted their increased prevalence also in North African countries, genomic data on isolates associated with these infections are still scarce. This study aimed to provide data on ESBL-producing E. coli isolates from patients with extraintestinal infections at the Military Teaching Hospital Mohamed V of Rabat, Morocco. METHODS Whole-genome sequencing was carried out on 18 ESBL-producing extraintestinal pathogenic E. coli (ExPEC) isolates for analysis of phylogenomic evolution, virulence factors and antimicrobial resistance genes. Data were compared with ExPEC lineages from several surrounding countries using multilocus sequence typing (MLST) and single nucleotide polymorphism-based phylogenetic approaches. RESULTS The majority of E. coli isolates were ST131 (n = 15), followed by ST617 (n = 2) and a novel sequence type (ST10703) that is closely related to the pandemic ST405 clone. All ST131 isolates belonged to the O25b-ST131 pandemic clone. They harboured more virulence genes than their non-ST131 counterparts. IncF plasmid replicons and the blaCTX-M-15 β-lactamase gene were identified in all isolates. No ESBL-producing E. coli isolates carried any known carbapenemase gene. CONCLUSION Our findings underscore the pre-eminence of ST131 as the major factor driving the expansion of ExPEC in the Rabat region while highlighting the potential links with isolates circulating in other neighbouring countries.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jérôme Ambroise
- Center for Applied Molecular Technologies, Institute of Clinical and Experimental Research, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Elmostafa Benaissa
- Department of Bacteriology, Mohammed V Military Teaching Hospital/Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy (University Mohammed V), Rabat, Morocco; Epidemiology and Bacterial Resistance Research Team, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Mohammed V University, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Léonid Mwana Wa Bene Irenge
- Center for Applied Molecular Technologies, Institute of Clinical and Experimental Research, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Defence Laboratories Department, ACOS Ops&Trg, Belgian Armed Forces, Peutie, Belgium
| | - El Mehdi Belouad
- Epidemiology and Bacterial Resistance Research Team, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Mohammed V University, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Bertrand Bearzatto
- Center for Applied Molecular Technologies, Institute of Clinical and Experimental Research, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Jean-François Durant
- Center for Applied Molecular Technologies, Institute of Clinical and Experimental Research, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Jamal Badir
- Center for Applied Molecular Technologies, Institute of Clinical and Experimental Research, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Mostafa Elouennass
- Epidemiology and Bacterial Resistance Research Team, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Mohammed V University, Rabat, Morocco; Defence Laboratories Department, ACOS Ops&Trg, Belgian Armed Forces, Peutie, Belgium
| | - Jean-Luc Gala
- Center for Applied Molecular Technologies, Institute of Clinical and Experimental Research, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Defence Laboratories Department, ACOS Ops&Trg, Belgian Armed Forces, Peutie, Belgium.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Mahfouz N, Ferreira I, Beisken S, von Haeseler A, Posch AE. Large-scale assessment of antimicrobial resistance marker databases for genetic phenotype prediction: a systematic review. J Antimicrob Chemother 2021; 75:3099-3108. [PMID: 32658975 PMCID: PMC7566382 DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkaa257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2019] [Revised: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a rising health threat with 10 million annual casualties estimated by 2050. Appropriate treatment of infectious diseases with the right antibiotics reduces the spread of antibiotic resistance. Today, clinical practice relies on molecular and PCR techniques for pathogen identification and culture-based antibiotic susceptibility testing (AST). Recently, WGS has started to transform clinical microbiology, enabling prediction of resistance phenotypes from genotypes and allowing for more informed treatment decisions. WGS-based AST (WGS-AST) depends on the detection of AMR markers in sequenced isolates and therefore requires AMR reference databases. The completeness and quality of these databases are material to increase WGS-AST performance. Methods We present a systematic evaluation of the performance of publicly available AMR marker databases for resistance prediction on clinical isolates. We used the public databases CARD and ResFinder with a final dataset of 2587 isolates across five clinically relevant pathogens from PATRIC and NDARO, public repositories of antibiotic-resistant bacterial isolates. Results CARD and ResFinder WGS-AST performance had an overall balanced accuracy of 0.52 (±0.12) and 0.66 (±0.18), respectively. Major error rates were higher in CARD (42.68%) than ResFinder (25.06%). However, CARD showed almost no very major errors (1.17%) compared with ResFinder (4.42%). Conclusions We show that AMR databases need further expansion, improved marker annotations per antibiotic rather than per antibiotic class and validated multivariate marker panels to achieve clinical utility, e.g. in order to meet performance requirements such as provided by the FDA for clinical microbiology diagnostic testing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Norhan Mahfouz
- Ares Genetics GmbH, Karl-Farkas-Gasse 18, Vienna 1030, Austria
| | - Inês Ferreira
- Ares Genetics GmbH, Karl-Farkas-Gasse 18, Vienna 1030, Austria.,Center for Integrative Bioinformatics Vienna, Max Perutz Laboratories, University of Vienna and Medical University of Vienna, Vienna 1030, Austria
| | - Stephan Beisken
- Ares Genetics GmbH, Karl-Farkas-Gasse 18, Vienna 1030, Austria
| | - Arndt von Haeseler
- Center for Integrative Bioinformatics Vienna, Max Perutz Laboratories, University of Vienna and Medical University of Vienna, Vienna 1030, Austria.,Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Faculty of Computer Science, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Andreas E Posch
- Ares Genetics GmbH, Karl-Farkas-Gasse 18, Vienna 1030, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Limited Multidrug Resistance Efflux Pump Overexpression among Multidrug-Resistant Escherichia coli Strains of ST131. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2021; 65:AAC.01735-20. [PMID: 33468485 DOI: 10.1128/aac.01735-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Gram-negative bacteria partly rely on efflux pumps to facilitate growth under stressful conditions and to increase resistance to a wide variety of commonly used drugs. In recent years, Escherichia coli sequence type 131 (ST131) has emerged as a major cause of extraintestinal infection frequently exhibiting a multidrug resistance (MDR) phenotype. The contribution of efflux to MDR in emerging E. coli MDR clones, however, is not well studied. We characterized strains from an international collection of clinical MDR E. coli isolates by MIC testing with and without the addition of the AcrAB-TolC efflux inhibitor 1-(1-naphthylmethyl)-piperazine (NMP). MIC data for 6 antimicrobial agents and their reversion by NMP were analyzed by principal-component analysis (PCA). PCA revealed a group of 17 MDR E. coli isolates (n = 34) exhibiting increased susceptibility to treatment with NMP, suggesting an enhanced contribution of efflux pumps to antimicrobial resistance in these strains (termed enhanced efflux phenotype [EEP] strains). Only 1/17 EEP strains versus 12/17 non-EEP MDR strains belonged to the ST131 clonal group. Whole-genome sequencing revealed marked differences in efflux-related genes between EEP and control strains, with the majority of notable amino acid substitutions occurring in AcrR, MarR, and SoxR. Quantitative reverse transcription-PCR (qRT-PCR) of multiple efflux-related genes showed significant overexpression of the AcrAB-TolC system in EEP strains, whereas in the remaining strains, we found enhanced expression of alternative efflux proteins. We conclude that a proportion of MDR E. coli strains exhibit an EEP, which is linked to an overexpression of the AcrAB-TolC efflux pump and a distinct array of genomic variations. Members of ST131, although highly successful, are less likely to exhibit the EEP.
Collapse
|
20
|
Kimura AH, Koga VL, de Souza Gazal LE, de Brito BG, de Brito KCT, Navarro-Ocaña A, Nakazato G, Kobayashi RKT. Characterization of multidrug-resistant avian pathogenic Escherichia coli: an outbreak in canaries. Braz J Microbiol 2021; 52:1005-1012. [PMID: 33566322 DOI: 10.1007/s42770-021-00443-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The canary (Serinus canaria) is appreciated for its beautiful song, colors, and docile temperament and drives a lucrative business. However, diseases caused by avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC) compromise the health of canaries, and the inadequate antimicrobial treatment can lead to the emergence of resistant strains. This study aimed to characterize 21 isolates of E. coli obtained from canaries infected with colibacillosis during an outbreak in northern Paraná State, Brazil. APEC and diarrheagenic E. coli (DEC) virulence genes were screened for by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). All isolates were positive for the hlyF, iss, and ompT genes, which are characteristic of APEC. The iroN gene was found in 95.2% of isolates, and none had the iutA gene. The ipaH gene, characteristic of enteroinvasive E. coli (EIEC), was found in 71.4% of isolates, all belonging to the phylogenetic group B1. High genetic similarity (>95%) was found using enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus PCR (ERIC-PCR). The isolates belonged to serotypes O117:H4 (71.4%) and O1:H20 (23.8%). This is the first report of a clonal colibacillosis outbreak in canaries caused by APEC. All isolates were resistant to ampicillin, nalidixic acid, ciprofloxacin, enrofloxacin, norfloxacin, and tetracycline. The high rate of multidrug resistance in our study shows the importance of avoiding the inadequate antibiotic treatment. We suggest that further studies should be conducted to contribute to the understanding of colibacillosis in canaries since the health of animals is linked to human and environmental health, as defined by the concept of One Health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Angela Hitomi Kimura
- Department of Microbiology, Laboratory of Basic and Applied Bacteriology, State University of Londrina, Rodovia Celso Garcia Cid, PR 445 Km 380, 86057-970, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Vanessa Lumi Koga
- Department of Microbiology, Laboratory of Basic and Applied Bacteriology, State University of Londrina, Rodovia Celso Garcia Cid, PR 445 Km 380, 86057-970, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Luís Eduardo de Souza Gazal
- Department of Microbiology, Laboratory of Basic and Applied Bacteriology, State University of Londrina, Rodovia Celso Garcia Cid, PR 445 Km 380, 86057-970, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Benito Guimarães de Brito
- Avian Health Laboratory, Agricultural Diagnosis and Research Department, Secretariat of Agriculture Livestock Rural Development, Veterinary Research Institute Desidério Finamor, Estrada Municipal do Conde, 6000, Eldorado do Sul, Rio Grande do Sul, 92990-000, Brazil
| | - Kelly Cristina Tagliari de Brito
- Avian Health Laboratory, Agricultural Diagnosis and Research Department, Secretariat of Agriculture Livestock Rural Development, Veterinary Research Institute Desidério Finamor, Estrada Municipal do Conde, 6000, Eldorado do Sul, Rio Grande do Sul, 92990-000, Brazil
| | - Armando Navarro-Ocaña
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, 04510, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Gerson Nakazato
- Department of Microbiology, Laboratory of Basic and Applied Bacteriology, State University of Londrina, Rodovia Celso Garcia Cid, PR 445 Km 380, 86057-970, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Renata Katsuko Takayama Kobayashi
- Department of Microbiology, Laboratory of Basic and Applied Bacteriology, State University of Londrina, Rodovia Celso Garcia Cid, PR 445 Km 380, 86057-970, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Kirk R, Ratcliffe A, Noonan G, Uosis-Martin M, Lyth D, Bardell-Cox O, Massam J, Schofield P, Hindley S, Jones DR, Maclean J, Smith A, Savage V, Mohmed S, Charrier C, Salisbury AM, Moyo E, Metzger R, Chalam-Judge N, Cheung J, Stokes NR, Best S, Craighead M, Armer R, Huxley A. Rational design, synthesis and testing of novel tricyclic topoisomerase inhibitors for the treatment of bacterial infections part 1. RSC Med Chem 2020; 11:1366-1378. [PMID: 34095844 DOI: 10.1039/d0md00174k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The alarming reduction in drug effectiveness against bacterial infections has created an urgent need for the development of new antibacterial agents that circumvent bacterial resistance mechanisms. We report here a series of DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV inhibitors that demonstrate potent activity against a range of Gram-positive and selected Gram-negative organisms, including clinically-relevant and drug-resistant strains. In part 1, we present a detailed structure activity relationship (SAR) analysis that led to the discovery of our previously disclosed compound, REDX05931, which has a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 0.06 μg mL-1 against fluoroquinolone-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Although in vitro hERG and CYP inhibition precluded further development, it validates a rational design approach to address this urgent unmet medical need and provides a scaffold for further optimisation, which is presented in part 2.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R Kirk
- Redx Anti-Infectives Ltd, Alderley Park, Mereside Macclesfield SK10 4TG UK
| | - A Ratcliffe
- Redx Anti-Infectives Ltd, Alderley Park, Mereside Macclesfield SK10 4TG UK
| | - G Noonan
- Redx Anti-Infectives Ltd, Alderley Park, Mereside Macclesfield SK10 4TG UK
| | - M Uosis-Martin
- Redx Anti-Infectives Ltd, Alderley Park, Mereside Macclesfield SK10 4TG UK
| | - D Lyth
- Redx Anti-Infectives Ltd, Alderley Park, Mereside Macclesfield SK10 4TG UK
| | - O Bardell-Cox
- Redx Anti-Infectives Ltd, Alderley Park, Mereside Macclesfield SK10 4TG UK
| | - J Massam
- Redx Anti-Infectives Ltd, Alderley Park, Mereside Macclesfield SK10 4TG UK
| | - P Schofield
- Redx Anti-Infectives Ltd, Alderley Park, Mereside Macclesfield SK10 4TG UK
| | - S Hindley
- Redx Anti-Infectives Ltd, Alderley Park, Mereside Macclesfield SK10 4TG UK
| | - D R Jones
- Redx Anti-Infectives Ltd, Alderley Park, Mereside Macclesfield SK10 4TG UK
| | - J Maclean
- Redx Anti-Infectives Ltd, Alderley Park, Mereside Macclesfield SK10 4TG UK
| | - A Smith
- Redx Anti-Infectives Ltd, Alderley Park, Mereside Macclesfield SK10 4TG UK
| | - V Savage
- Redx Anti-Infectives Ltd, Alderley Park, Mereside Macclesfield SK10 4TG UK
| | - S Mohmed
- Redx Anti-Infectives Ltd, Alderley Park, Mereside Macclesfield SK10 4TG UK
| | - C Charrier
- Redx Anti-Infectives Ltd, Alderley Park, Mereside Macclesfield SK10 4TG UK
| | - A-M Salisbury
- Redx Anti-Infectives Ltd, Alderley Park, Mereside Macclesfield SK10 4TG UK
| | - E Moyo
- Redx Anti-Infectives Ltd, Alderley Park, Mereside Macclesfield SK10 4TG UK
| | - R Metzger
- Redx Anti-Infectives Ltd, Alderley Park, Mereside Macclesfield SK10 4TG UK
| | - N Chalam-Judge
- Redx Anti-Infectives Ltd, Alderley Park, Mereside Macclesfield SK10 4TG UK
| | - J Cheung
- Redx Anti-Infectives Ltd, Alderley Park, Mereside Macclesfield SK10 4TG UK
| | - N R Stokes
- Redx Anti-Infectives Ltd, Alderley Park, Mereside Macclesfield SK10 4TG UK
| | - S Best
- Redx Anti-Infectives Ltd, Alderley Park, Mereside Macclesfield SK10 4TG UK
| | - M Craighead
- Redx Anti-Infectives Ltd, Alderley Park, Mereside Macclesfield SK10 4TG UK
| | - R Armer
- Redx Anti-Infectives Ltd, Alderley Park, Mereside Macclesfield SK10 4TG UK
| | - A Huxley
- Redx Anti-Infectives Ltd, Alderley Park, Mereside Macclesfield SK10 4TG UK
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Ching C, Orubu ESF, Sutradhar I, Wirtz VJ, Boucher HW, Zaman MH. Bacterial antibiotic resistance development and mutagenesis following exposure to subinhibitory concentrations of fluoroquinolones in vitro: a systematic review of the literature. JAC Antimicrob Resist 2020; 2:dlaa068. [PMID: 34223024 PMCID: PMC8210091 DOI: 10.1093/jacamr/dlaa068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/09/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Understanding social and scientific drivers of antibiotic resistance is critical to help preserve antibiotic efficacy. These drivers include exposure to subinhibitory antibiotic concentrations in the environment and clinic. OBJECTIVES To summarize and quantify the relationship between subinhibitory fluoroquinolone exposure and antibiotic resistance and mutagenesis to better understand resistance patterns and mechanisms. METHODS Following PRISMA guidelines, PubMed, Web of Science and Embase were searched for primary in vitro experimental studies on subinhibitory fluoroquinolone exposure and bacterial antibiotic resistance and mutagenesis, from earliest available dates through to 2018 without language limitation. A specifically developed non-weighted tool was used to assess risk of bias. RESULTS Evidence from 62 eligible studies showed that subinhibitory fluoroquinolone exposure results in increased resistance to the selecting fluoroquinolone. Most increases in MIC were low (median minimum of 3.7-fold and median maximum of 32-fold) and may not be considered clinically relevant. Mechanistically, resistance is partly explained by target mutations but also changes in drug efflux. Collaterally, resistance to other fluoroquinolones and unrelated antibiotic classes also develops. The mean ± SD quality score for all studies was 2.6 ± 1.8 with a range of 0 (highest score) to 7 (lowest score). CONCLUSIONS Low and moderate levels of resistance and efflux changes can create an opportunity for higher-level resistance or MDR. Future studies, to elucidate the genetic regulation of specific resistance mechanisms, and increased policies, including surveillance of low-level resistance changes or genomic surveillance of efflux pump genes and regulators, could serve as a predictor of MDR development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carly Ching
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ebiowei S F Orubu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
- Institute for Health System Innovation & Policy, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Indorica Sutradhar
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Veronika J Wirtz
- Department of Global Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Helen W Boucher
- Division of Geographic Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Muhammad H Zaman
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Ching C, Zaman MH. Development and selection of low-level multi-drug resistance over an extended range of sub-inhibitory ciprofloxacin concentrations in Escherichia coli. Sci Rep 2020; 10:8754. [PMID: 32471975 PMCID: PMC7260183 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-65602-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
To better combat bacterial antibiotic resistance, a growing global health threat, it is imperative to understand its drivers and underlying biological mechanisms. One potential driver of antibiotic resistance is exposure to sub-inhibitory concentrations of antibiotics. This occurs in both the environment and clinic, from agricultural contamination to incorrect dosing and usage of poor-quality medicines. To better understand this driver, we tested the effect of a broad range of ciprofloxacin concentrations on antibiotic resistance development in Escherichia coli. We observed the emergence of stable, low-level multi-drug resistance that was both time and concentration dependent. Furthermore, we identified a spectrum of single mutations in strains with resistant phenotypes, both previously described and novel. Low-level class-wide resistance, which often goes undetected in the clinic, may allow for bacterial survival and establishment of a reservoir for outbreaks of high-level antibiotic resistant infections.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carly Ching
- Boston University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Muhammad H Zaman
- Boston University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston, MA, USA.
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Abushaheen MA, Muzaheed, Fatani AJ, Alosaimi M, Mansy W, George M, Acharya S, Rathod S, Divakar DD, Jhugroo C, Vellappally S, Khan AA, Shaik J, Jhugroo P. Antimicrobial resistance, mechanisms and its clinical significance. Dis Mon 2020; 66:100971. [PMID: 32201008 DOI: 10.1016/j.disamonth.2020.100971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 157] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Antimicrobial agents play a key role in controlling and curing infectious disease. Soon after the discovery of the first antibiotic, the challenge of antibiotic resistance commenced. Antimicrobial agents use different mechanisms against bacteria to prevent their pathogenesis and they can be classified as bactericidal or bacteriostatic. Antibiotics are one of the antimicrobial agents which has several classes, each with different targets. Consequently, bacteria are endlessly using methods to overcome the effectivity of the antibiotics by using distinct types of mechanisms. Comprehending the mechanisms of resistance is vital for better understanding and to continue use of current antibiotics. Which also helps to formulate synthetic antimicrobials to overcome the current mechanism of resistance. Also, encourage in prudent use and misuse of antimicrobial agents. Thus, decline in treatment costs and in the rate of morbidity and mortality. This review will be concentrating on the mechanism of actions of several antibiotics and how bacteria develop resistance to them, as well as the method of acquiring the resistance in several bacteria and how can a strain be resistant to several types of antibiotics. This review also analyzes the prevalence, major clinical implications, clinical causes of antibiotic resistance. Further, it evaluates the global burden of antimicrobial resistance, identifies various challenges and strategies in addressing the issue. Finally, put forward certain recommendations to prevent the spread and reduce the rate of resistance growth.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Manar Ali Abushaheen
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Science, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muzaheed
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Science, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Amal Jamil Fatani
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Alosaimi
- Consultant, Department of Restorative Dentistry, College of Dentistry, King Saud bin Abdul Aziz University for Health Sciences, P.O Box: 22490, Riyadh 11426, Saudi Arabia
| | - Wael Mansy
- Clinical Pharmacy Department, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Saudi Arabia; Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Egypt
| | - Merin George
- General Dentist and Public Health Researcher, Australia
| | - Sadananda Acharya
- Department of Public Health, College of Public Health, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sanjay Rathod
- Department of Post Graduate Studies and Research in Microbiology, Gulbarga University, Gulbarga- 585106, India
| | - Darshan Devang Divakar
- Dental Biomaterials Research Chair, Dental Health Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11433, Saudi Arabia
| | - Chitra Jhugroo
- Dental Biomaterials Research Chair, Dental Health Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11433, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sajith Vellappally
- Dental Biomaterials Research Chair, Dental Health Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11433, Saudi Arabia
| | - Aftab Ahmed Khan
- Dental Biomaterials Research Chair, Dental Health Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11433, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jilani Shaik
- Genome Research Chair, Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Poojdev Jhugroo
- CAP Research Ltd., 2nd Floor Orbis Court, 132 St Jean Road 72218 Quatre Bornes, Mauritius
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Grimes KL, Dunphy LJ, Loudermilk EM, Melara AJ, Kolling GL, Papin JA, Colosi LM. Evaluating the efficacy of an algae-based treatment to mitigate elicitation of antibiotic resistance. CHEMOSPHERE 2019; 237:124421. [PMID: 31382196 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.124421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2019] [Revised: 07/18/2019] [Accepted: 07/19/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Antibiotics in the effluents of municipal wastewater treatment plants (WWTP) may create selective pressures to induce antibiotic resistance in bacteria downstream. This study evaluates ciprofloxacin (CIP) removal by a freshwater alga, Scenedesmus dimorphus, to assess the efficacy of algae-based tertiary treatment in reducing effluent-induced CIP resistance. Results show significant CIP removal in light-exposed samples without algae and experimental algae (EA) samples: 53% and 93%, respectively, over 144 h. A residual antibiotic potency assay reveals that untreated CIP is significantly more growth-inhibiting to a model bacterium (Escherichia coli) than the algae-treated and light-exposed samples during short exposures (6 h). Adaptive laboratory evolution (ALE), again using E. coli, reveals that treated samples exhibit reduced capacity to elicit CIP resistance during sustained exposures compared to untreated CIP. Finally, observed CIP resistance in the CIP-exposed ALE lineages is corroborated via genotype characterization, which reveals the presence of resistance-associated mutations in gyrase subunit A (gyrA) that are not present in ALE lineages exposed to algae treated or light-exposed samples. As such, algae-mediated tertiary treatment could be effective in suppressing CIP resistance in bacterial communities downstream from WWTP. In addition, ALE is useful for assessing the potential of wastewater-relevant samples to elicit antibiotic resistance downstream.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kassandra L Grimes
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Virginia, P.O. Box 400742, Charlottesville, VA, 22904-4742, United States
| | - Laura J Dunphy
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, P.O. Box 800759, Charlottesville, VA, 22908-0759, United States
| | - Erica M Loudermilk
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Virginia, P.O. Box 400742, Charlottesville, VA, 22904-4742, United States
| | - A Jasmin Melara
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Virginia, P.O. Box 400742, Charlottesville, VA, 22904-4742, United States
| | - Glynis L Kolling
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, P.O. Box 800759, Charlottesville, VA, 22908-0759, United States; Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and International Health, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 22903, United States
| | - Jason A Papin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, P.O. Box 800759, Charlottesville, VA, 22908-0759, United States
| | - Lisa M Colosi
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Virginia, P.O. Box 400742, Charlottesville, VA, 22904-4742, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
The mutational landscape of quinolone resistance in Escherichia coli. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0224650. [PMID: 31689338 PMCID: PMC6830822 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0224650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2018] [Accepted: 10/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The evolution of antibiotic resistance is influenced by a variety of factors, including the availability of resistance mutations, and the pleiotropic effects of such mutations. Here, we isolate and characterize chromosomal quinolone resistance mutations in E. coli, in order to gain a systematic understanding of the rate and consequences of resistance to this important class of drugs. We isolated over fifty spontaneous resistance mutants on nalidixic acid, ciprofloxacin, and levofloxacin. This set of mutants includes known resistance mutations in gyrA, gyrB, and marR, as well as two novel gyrB mutations. We find that, for most mutations, resistance tends to be higher to nalidixic acid than relative to the other two drugs. Resistance mutations had deleterious impacts on one or more growth parameters, suggesting that quinolone resistance mutations are generally costly. Our findings suggest that the prevalence of specific gyrA alleles amongst clinical isolates are driven by high levels of resistance, at no more cost than other resistance alleles.
Collapse
|
27
|
Pham TDM, Ziora ZM, Blaskovich MAT. Quinolone antibiotics. MEDCHEMCOMM 2019; 10:1719-1739. [PMID: 31803393 PMCID: PMC6836748 DOI: 10.1039/c9md00120d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 311] [Impact Index Per Article: 62.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Accepted: 06/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The quinolone antibiotics arose in the early 1960s, with the first examples possessing a narrow-spectrum of activity with unfavorable pharmacokinetic properties. Over time, the development of new quinolone antibiotics has led to improved analogues with an expanded spectrum and high efficacy. Nowadays, quinolones are widely used for treating a variety of infections. Quinolones are broad-spectrum antibiotics that are active against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, including mycobacteria, and anaerobes. They exert their actions by inhibiting bacterial nucleic acid synthesis through disrupting the enzymes topoisomerase IV and DNA gyrase, and by causing breakage of bacterial chromosomes. However, bacteria have acquired resistance to quinolones, similar to other antibacterial agents, due to the overuse of these drugs. Mechanisms contributing to quinolone resistance are mediated by chromosomal mutations and/or plasmid gene uptake that alter the topoisomerase targets, modify the quinolone, and/or reduce drug accumulation by either decreased uptake or increased efflux. This review discusses the development of this class of antibiotics in terms of potency, pharmacokinetics and toxicity, along with the resistance mechanisms which reduce the quinolones' activity against pathogens. Potential strategies for future generations of quinolone antibiotics with enhanced activity against resistant strains are suggested.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thu D M Pham
- School of Chemistry & Molecular Biosciences , The University of Queensland , Brisbane , QLD 4072 , Australia
| | - Zyta M Ziora
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience , The University of Queensland , Brisbane , QLD 4072 , Australia .
| | - Mark A T Blaskovich
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience , The University of Queensland , Brisbane , QLD 4072 , Australia .
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Redell M, Tillotson G. Antibiotic Breakpoints: How Redefining Susceptibility Preserves Efficacy and Improves Patient Care. P & T : A PEER-REVIEWED JOURNAL FOR FORMULARY MANAGEMENT 2019; 44:542-544. [PMID: 31485148 PMCID: PMC6705486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Carbapenems are a primary treatment for infections from multidrug-resistant bacterial pathogens. To maintain their efficacy and control the emergence of further resistance, breakpoints that correspond to recommended doses with appropriate PK/PD target attainment are paramount.
Collapse
|
29
|
Comparing Patient Risk Factor-, Sequence Type-, and Resistance Locus Identification-Based Approaches for Predicting Antibiotic Resistance in Escherichia coli Bloodstream Infections. J Clin Microbiol 2019; 57:JCM.01780-18. [PMID: 30894438 PMCID: PMC6535602 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.01780-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2018] [Accepted: 03/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Rapid diagnostic tests for antibiotic resistance that identify the presence or absence of antibiotic resistance genes/loci are increasingly being developed. However, these approaches usually neglect other sources of predictive information which could be identified over shorter time periods, including patient epidemiologic risk factors for antibiotic resistance and markers of lineage. Using a data set of 414 Escherichia coli isolates recovered from separate episodes of bacteremia at a single academic institution in Toronto, Ontario, Canada, between 2010 and 2015, we compared the potential predictive ability of three approaches (epidemiologic risk factor-, pathogen sequence type [ST]-, and resistance gene identification-based approaches) for classifying phenotypic resistance to three antibiotics representing classes of broad-spectrum antimicrobial therapy (ceftriaxone [a 3rd-generation cephalosporin], ciprofloxacin [a fluoroquinolone], and gentamicin [an aminoglycoside]). We used logistic regression models to generate model receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves. Predictive discrimination was measured using apparent and corrected (bootstrapped) areas under the curves (AUCs). Epidemiologic risk factor-based models based on two simple risk factors (prior antibiotic exposure and recent prior susceptibility of Gram-negative bacteria) provided a modest predictive discrimination, with AUCs ranging from 0.65 to 0.74. Sequence type-based models demonstrated strong discrimination (AUCs, 0.83 to 0.94) across all three antibiotic classes. The addition of epidemiologic risk factors to sequence type significantly improved the ability to predict resistance for all antibiotics (P < 0.05). Resistance gene identification-based approaches provided the highest degree of discrimination (AUCs, 0.88 to 0.99), with no statistically significant benefit being achieved by adding the patient epidemiologic predictors. In summary, sequence type or other lineage-based approaches could produce an excellent discrimination of antibiotic resistance and may be improved by incorporating readily available patient epidemiologic predictors but are less discriminatory than identification of the presence of known resistance loci.
Collapse
|
30
|
DEHBANIPOUR R, KHANAHMAD H, SEDIGHI M, BIALVAEI AZAHEDI, FAGHRI J. High prevalence of fluoroquinolone-resistant Escherichia coli strains isolated from urine clinical samples. JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE AND HYGIENE 2019; 60:E25-E30. [PMID: 31041407 PMCID: PMC6477561 DOI: 10.15167/2421-4248/jpmh2019.60.1.884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2018] [Accepted: 12/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background Fluoroquinolone resistant Escherichia coli isolates have become an important challenge in healthcare settings in Iran. In this study, we have determined Fluoroquinolone resistant E. coli isolates (from both outpatients and inpatients) and evaluated mutations of gyrA and parC within the quinolone resistance-determining regions (QRDR) of these clinical isolates. Materials and methods Clinical isolates were recovered from the urine sample of patients with urinary tract infections admitted at Alzahra hospital, Iran, between September and February 2013. We assessed antimicrobial susceptibility of all isolates and determined mutations in QRDR of gyrA and parC genes from 13 fluoroquinolone-resistant isolates by DNA sequencing. Results A total of 135 E. coli strains were obtained from 135 patients (91 outpatients and 44 inpatients). The resistance rate of fluoroquinolones (Ciprofloxacin, Norfloxacin and Ofloxacin) among our strains was 45.2%. Two E. coli isolates were shown just a single mutation, but other isolates possessed 2-5 mutations in gyrA and parC genes. Mutations in the QRDR regions of gyrA were at positions Ser83 and Asp87 and parC at positions Ser80, Glu84, Gly78. Conclusions Ciprofloxacin is the most common antimicrobial agent used for treating urinary tract infections (UTIs) in healthcare settings in Iran. Accumulation of different substitutions in the QRDR regions of gyrA and parC confers high-level resistance of fluoroquinolones in clinical isolates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R. DEHBANIPOUR
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - H. KHANAHMAD
- Department of Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - M. SEDIGHI
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - A. ZAHEDI BIALVAEI
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - J. FAGHRI
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
- Jamshid Faghri, Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran - Tel/Fax +983137922421 - E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Conley ZC, Carlson-Banning KM, Carter AG, de la Cova A, Song Y, Zechiedrich L. Sugar and iron: Toward understanding the antibacterial effect of ciclopirox in Escherichia coli. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0210547. [PMID: 30633761 PMCID: PMC6329577 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0210547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2018] [Accepted: 12/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
New antibiotics are needed against antibiotic-resistant gram-negative bacteria. The repurposed antifungal drug, ciclopirox, equally blocks antibiotic-susceptible or multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii, Escherichia coli, and Klebsiella pneumoniae clinical isolates, indicating that it is not affected by existing resistance mechanisms. Toward understanding how ciclopirox blocks growth, we screened E. coli mutant strains and found that disruption of genes encoding products involved in galactose salvage, enterobacterial common antigen synthesis, and transport of the iron binding siderophore, enterobactin, lowered the minimum inhibitory concentration of ciclopirox needed to block growth of the mutant compared to the isogenic parent strain. We found that ciclopirox induced enterobactin production and that this effect is strongly affected by the deletion of the galactose salvage genes encoding UDP-galactose 4-epimerase, galE, or galactose-1-phosphate uridylyltransferase, galT. As disruption of ECA synthesis activates the regulation of capsular synthesis (Rcs) phosphorelay, which inhibits bacterial swarming and promotes biofilm development, we test whether ciclopirox prevents activation of the Rcs pathway. Sub-inhibitory concentrations of ciclopirox increased swarming of the E. coli laboratory K12 strain BW25113 but had widely varying effects on swarming or surface motility of clinical isolate E. coli, A. baumannii, and K. pneumoniae. There was no effect of ciclopirox on biofilm production, suggesting it does not target Rcs. Altogether, our data suggest ciclopirox-mediated alteration of lipopolysaccharides stimulates enterobactin production and affects bacterial swarming.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zachary C. Conley
- Verna and Marrs McLean Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- Department of Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Kimberly M. Carlson-Banning
- Verna and Marrs McLean Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- Department of Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Ashley G. Carter
- Department of Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Alejandro de la Cova
- Department of Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- Center for Environmental and Human Toxicology, University of Florida College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Yongcheng Song
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Lynn Zechiedrich
- Verna and Marrs McLean Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- Department of Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Mohamed NG, Sheha MM, Hassan HY, Abdel-Hafez LJM, Omar FA. Synthesis, antimicrobial activity and molecular modeling study of 3-(5-amino-(2H)-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl]-naphthyridinones as potential DNA-gyrase inhibitors. Bioorg Chem 2018; 81:599-611. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2018.08.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2018] [Revised: 08/14/2018] [Accepted: 08/26/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
|
33
|
Predictors of fluoroquinolone-resistant bacteria in the rectal vault of men undergoing prostate biopsy. Prostate Cancer Prostatic Dis 2018; 22:268-275. [PMID: 30279581 DOI: 10.1038/s41391-018-0092-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2018] [Revised: 08/19/2018] [Accepted: 08/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Fluoroquinolone (FQ)-resistant rectal vault flora is associated with infectious complications in men undergoing transrectal ultrasound-guided prostate needle biopsy (TRUS-PNB). OBJECTIVE To determine the patient factors that predict FQ-resistant rectal cultures in men who are undergoing transrectal ultrasound-guided prostate needle biopsy. METHODS An IRB approved retrospective review of 6183 consecutive men who had undergone a rectal swab culture in preparation for TRUS-PNB between January 2013 and December 2014 was performed. Multivariable logistic regression was used to determine the clinical and demographic factors associated with FQ-resistant Enterobacteriaceae in the rectal vault. RESULTS Of the 6179 rectal swabs analyzed, 4842 (78%) were FQ-sensitive, and 1337 (22%) were FQ-resistant. On univariable analysis, increasing age, prior TRUS-PNB, higher number of biopsy cores obtained, diabetes mellitus, antimicrobial use within the past 6 months and non-Caucasian race were predictors of FQ-resistance (all p < 0.05). Men with FQ-resistant cultures were more likely to have benign pathology on TRUS-PNB (p = 0.004). On multivariable analysis, increasing patient age (OR = 1.01/year [1.00-1.02]), use of antimicrobials in the last 6 months (OR = 2.85[2.18-3.72]), African American (OR = 1.99 [1.66-2.37]), Asian (OR = 3.39 [2.63-4.37]), and Hispanic (OR = 2.10 [1.72-2.55]) races were independently associated with FQ-resistant rectal cultures. The overall infectious rate was 1.1% (56/5214) and the sepsis rate was 0.46% (24/5214). The infection rate in the FQ-resistant group was 3.9% (43/1107) compared to FQ-sensitive group 0.3% (13/4107), p < 0.001. CONCLUSION In this cohort, increasing age, recent antimicrobial-use, and non-Caucasian race were independent predictors of FQ-resistance in the rectal vault. As FQ-resistance is associated with infectious complications from transrectal ultrasound-guided prostate needle biopsy, understanding risk factors may assist infection control efforts.
Collapse
|
34
|
Chung YS, Hu YS, Shin S, Lim SK, Yang SJ, Park YH, Park KT. Mechanisms of quinolone resistance in Escherichia coli isolated from companion animals, pet-owners, and non-pet-owners. J Vet Sci 2018; 18:449-456. [PMID: 28385014 PMCID: PMC5746437 DOI: 10.4142/jvs.2017.18.4.449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2016] [Revised: 02/08/2017] [Accepted: 02/22/2017] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study investigated the prevalence and mechanisms of fluoroquinolone (FQ)/quinolone (Q) resistance in Escherichia (E.) coli isolates from companion animals, pet-owners, and non-pet-owners. A total of 63 E. coli isolates were collected from 104 anal swab samples, and 27 nalidixic acid (NA)-resistant isolates were identified. Of those, 10 showed ciprofloxacin (CIP) resistance. A plasmid-mediated Q resistance gene was detected in one isolate. Increased efflux pump activity, as measured by organic solvent tolerance assay, was detected in 18 NA-resistant isolates (66.7%), but was not correlated with an increase in minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC). Target gene mutations in Q resistance-determining regions (QRDRs) were the main cause of (FQ)Q resistance in E. coli. Point mutations in QRDRs were detected in all NA-resistant isolates, and the number of mutations was strongly correlated with increased MIC (R = 0.878 for NA and 0.954 for CIP). All CIP-resistant isolates (n = 10) had double mutations in the gyrA gene, with additional mutations in parC and parE. Interestingly, (FQ)Q resistance mechanisms in isolates from companion animals were the same as those in humans. Therefore, prudent use of (FQ)Q in veterinary medicine is warranted to prevent the dissemination of (FQ)Q-resistant bacteria from animals to humans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yeon Soo Chung
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, BK21 Plus Program for Veterinary Science and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Yoon Sung Hu
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, BK21 Plus Program for Veterinary Science and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Sook Shin
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, BK21 Plus Program for Veterinary Science and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Suk Kyung Lim
- Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon 39660, Korea
| | - Soo Jin Yang
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, College of Biotechnology and Natural Resource, Chung-Ang University, Anseong 06974, Korea
| | - Yong Ho Park
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, BK21 Plus Program for Veterinary Science and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Kun Taek Park
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, BK21 Plus Program for Veterinary Science and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Yang F, Zhang S, Shang X, Wang L, Li H, Wang X. Characteristics of quinolone-resistant Escherichia coli isolated from bovine mastitis in China. J Dairy Sci 2018; 101:6244-6252. [PMID: 29605334 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2017-14156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2017] [Accepted: 02/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Escherichia coli is the leading causative agent of bovine mastitis worldwide. Quinolone-resistant E. coli is becoming a potential threat to veterinary and public health. The aim of this study was to investigate the characteristics of quinolone-resistant E. coli isolated from bovine mastitis cases in China. Antimicrobial susceptibility of the isolates against 15 antimicrobial agents was determined by disc diffusion method. Phylogenetic grouping was detected by PCR. Extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing isolates were determined by double-disc synergy test. In addition, the plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance (PMQR) and β-lactamase-encoding genes, as well as mutations of quinolone resistance-determining regions in GyrA, GyrB, ParC, and ParE, were measured by PCR and DNA sequencing. Overall, 75 (22.9%) out of 328 E. coli isolates were confirmed as ciprofloxacin-resistant from 2,954 mastitic milk samples. Phylogenetic group analysis showed that the majority of these strains belonged to phylogenetic group A (57.3%) and group B1 (24.0%). All the resistant isolates were identified as multidrug resistant, showing high resistance to cephalosporins and non-β-lactams. Forty-nine (65.3%) of the quinolone-resistant isolates were positive for PMQR genes; aac-(6')-Ib-cr was the most common PMQR determinant detected in 33 (44.0%) isolates. Eighteen (24.0%), 4 (5.3%), 3 (4.0%), and 1 (1.3%) of the quinolone-resistant isolates were harboring oqxA/B, qepA4, qnrS, and qnrB2, respectively. Additionally, 55 (73.3%) of the quinolone-resistant E. coli isolates were found to be extended-spectrum β-lactamase producers. The preponderant β-lactamase-encoding gene, blaTEM, was detected in 44 (58.7%) isolates; blaCTX-M, blaCMY, and blaSHV were found in 35 (46.7%), 22 (29.3%), and 2 (2.7%) isolates, respectively. Moreover, the most frequently identified substitutions were S83L/D87N or S83L in GyrA, detected in all of the quinolone-resistant isolates. Meanwhile, 74 (98.7%), 33 (44.0%), and 6 (8.0%) of the isolates were carrying substitutions S80I in ParC, S458A in ParE, and S492N in GyrB, respectively. All 58 (77.3%) isolates with a high level of ciprofloxacin resistance (>32 µg/mL) carried single or double mutations in GyrA combined with single mutation in ParC. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on the high occurrence of PMQR determinants and quinolone-determining resistant regions mutations in quinolone-resistant E. coli isolated from bovine mastitis in China.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Feng Yang
- Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Lanzhou 730050, People's Republic of China
| | - Shidong Zhang
- Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Lanzhou 730050, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaofei Shang
- Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Lanzhou 730050, People's Republic of China
| | - Ling Wang
- Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Lanzhou 730050, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongsheng Li
- Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Lanzhou 730050, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xurong Wang
- Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Lanzhou 730050, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Abdelhamid SM, Abozahra RR. Expression of the Fluoroquinolones Efflux Pump Genes acrA and mdfA in Urinary Escherichia coli Isolates. Pol J Microbiol 2018; 66:25-30. [PMID: 29359692 DOI: 10.5604/17331331.1234990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Escherichia coli is one of the most frequent causes of urinary tract infections. Efflux system overexpression is reported to contribute to E. coli resistance to several antibiotics. Our aim in this study was to investigate the relation between antibiotic resistance and the expression of the efflux pump genes acrA and mdfA in E. coli by real-time reverse transcription-PCR. We tested the in vitro susceptibilities to 12 antibiotics in 28 clinical isolates of E. coli obtained from urine samples. We also determined the minimum inhibitory concentrations of levofloxacin to these samples. We then revealed significant correlations between the overexpression of both mdfA and acrA and MICs of levofloxacin. In conclusion, we demonstrated that the increased expression of efflux pump genes such as mdfA and acrA can lead to levofloxacin resistance in E. coli. These findings contribute to further understanding of the molecular mechanisms of efflux pump systems and how they contribute to antibiotic resistance.
Collapse
|
37
|
Affiliation(s)
- Zachary C. Conley
- Verna and Marrs McLean Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Truston J. Bodine
- Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- Interdepartmental Program in Translational Biology and Molecular Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- Medical Scientist Training Program, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Andrew Chou
- Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Lynn Zechiedrich
- Verna and Marrs McLean Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- Interdepartmental Program in Translational Biology and Molecular Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- Medical Scientist Training Program, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Vinué L, Hooper DC, Jacoby GA. Chromosomal mutations that accompany qnr in clinical isolates of Escherichia coli. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2018; 51:479-483. [PMID: 29360506 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2018.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2017] [Revised: 01/10/2018] [Accepted: 01/13/2018] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
We examined 13 qnr-positive and 14 qnr-negative clinical isolates of Escherichia coli for mutations previously seen in a qnr-containing laboratory strain exposed to supra minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of ciprofloxacin. Among the qnr-positive strains, those with ciprofloxacin MICs of ≥ 2 µg/mL had at least one mutation in gyrA. Mutations in parC were present in strains with a ciprofloxacin MIC of ≥ 128 µg/mL. The 6 most ciprofloxacin-resistant strains contained additional plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance determinants. aac(6')-Ib-cr was found in 5 of the 6 strains. Eleven of the 13 strains had alterations in MarR, 9 in SoxR, and 5 had mutations in AcrR. All had elevated expression of at least one efflux pump gene, predominantly acrA (92% of the strains), followed by mdtE (54%) and ydhE (46%). Nine had functionally silent alterations in rfa, two had mutations in gmhB, and one of these also had a mutation in surA. An E. coli with ciprofloxacin MIC of 1024 µg/mL contained 4 different plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance determinants as well as gyrA, parC, parE and pump overexpression mutations. Nine of the 14 qnr-negative strains had mutations in topoisomerase genes with a ciprofloxacin MIC of 0.25 to 256 µg/mL. The three most resistant strains also had mutations in parE. Twelve had alterations in MarR, 10 in SoxR and 5 in AcrR. Ten of the 14 strains had elevated expression of efflux pumps with acrA (71.4%), followed by ydhE (50%) and mdtE (14.3%). A diversity of resistance mechanisms occurs in clinical isolates with and without qnr genes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Vinué
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
| | - David C Hooper
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - George A Jacoby
- Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Burlington, Massachusetts, USA
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Abstract
The following study is investigating the different GyrB mutations associated withEscherichia coliclinical isolates. The study interrogates part of the ATPase binding site (a.a 132-199) as it covers most of the naturally occurring mutations in GyrB. The following results were obtained: for Arg-136 two isolates had mutations, the first is isolate-1 (Ala-136), and the second is isolate-5 (Cys-136). Gly-164 had no changes for all tested isolates. For Thr-165 only isolate-3 had a change to Ser-165. Accuracy of sequence translation was checked by sequencing both CFT073 and MG1655. The current study presents novel mutations in the GyrB24 subdomain of the gyrase enzyme. These new mutations showed normal enzyme activity (no reduction in ATPase functions) indicating that they might be a result of GyrB interaction with ATP analog molecules rather than antibacterial agents such as coumarins. Furthermore, our findings are supporting the idea that mutations in the GyrB24 would require synchronization with the efflux pumps to maintain antibiotic resistance against coumarins.
Collapse
|
40
|
Urushibara N, Suzaki K, Kawaguchiya M, Aung MS, Shinagawa M, Takahashi S, Kobayashi N. Contribution of Type II Topoisomerase Mutations to Fluoroquinolone Resistance inEnterococcus faeciumfrom Japanese Clinical Setting. Microb Drug Resist 2018; 24:1-7. [DOI: 10.1089/mdr.2016.0328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Noriko Urushibara
- Department of Hygiene, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Keisuke Suzaki
- Department of Hygiene, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Mitsuyo Kawaguchiya
- Department of Hygiene, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Meiji Soe Aung
- Department of Hygiene, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Masaaki Shinagawa
- Division of Laboratory Medicine, Sapporo Medical University Hospital, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Satoshi Takahashi
- Department of Infection Control and Laboratory Medicine, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Nobumichi Kobayashi
- Department of Hygiene, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Dileep K, Polepalli S, Jain N, Buddana SK, Prakasham RS, Murty MSR. Synthesis of novel tetrazole containing hybrid ciprofloxacin and pipemidic acid analogues and preliminary biological evaluation of their antibacterial and antiproliferative activity. Mol Divers 2017; 22:83-93. [PMID: 29138963 DOI: 10.1007/s11030-017-9795-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2017] [Accepted: 10/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
A series of 1-substituted-1H-tetrazole-5-thiol building blocks were synthesized and introduced to the N-4 piperazinyl group at C-7 position of the quinolone core, and these novel compounds (5a-g and 8a-g) were screened for their antibacterial and antiproliferative activities. Bioactive assay studies manifested that most of new compounds exhibited significant antibacterial activity against the tested strains, including multi-drug-resistant MRSA in comparison with reference drugs ciprofloxacin, streptomycin B and pipemidic acid. Among the synthesized compounds, only ciprofloxacin (5a-g) derivatives displayed significant activity ([Formula: see text]) compared to reference drugs. In addition, these compounds were evaluated for their in vitro inhibition of human cancer cell lines viz human cervical carcinoma cell line (SiHA), breast adenocarcinoma (MDA-MB-235) and human pancreas carcinoma (PANC-1) cell lines by using the SRB assay method. Most of the target compounds showed broad potent growth inhibition activity ([Formula: see text]) against all the tested cancer cell lines compared with reference drug. The most promising active compounds in this series were 5c, 5d, 8c, 8d and 8f endowed with excellent antiproliferative activity. A new class of compounds was designed rationally by introducing tetrazole building block on N-4 piperazinyl group at C-7 position of quinolones core. The titled compounds were evaluated for their preliminary antibacterial and antiproliferative activities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kommula Dileep
- Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacology Division, Discovery Laboratory, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad, India
| | - Sowjanya Polepalli
- Centre for Chemical Biology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad, India
| | - Nishant Jain
- Centre for Chemical Biology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad, India
| | - Sudheer Kumar Buddana
- Bioengineering and Environmental Sciences, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad, India
| | - R S Prakasham
- Bioengineering and Environmental Sciences, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad, India
| | - M S R Murty
- Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacology Division, Discovery Laboratory, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad, India.
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Chen CM, Ke SC, Li CR, Wu YC, Chen TH, Lai CH, Wu XX, Wu LT. High Diversity of Antimicrobial Resistance Genes, Class 1 Integrons, and Genotypes of Multidrug-ResistantEscherichia coliin Beef Carcasses. Microb Drug Resist 2017; 23:915-924. [DOI: 10.1089/mdr.2016.0223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Ming Chen
- Department of Health Food, Chung Chou University of Science and Technology, Changhua, Taiwan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Tungs' Taichung MetroHarbor Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Se-Chin Ke
- Infection Control Office, Tungs' Taichung MetroHarbor Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Ru Li
- Department of Medical Research, Tungs' Taichung MetroHarbor Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Chen Wu
- Graduate Institute of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ter-Hsin Chen
- Graduate Institute of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Ho Lai
- Institute of Basic Medical Science, School of Medicine, China Medical University and Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Department of Nursing, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Xin-Xia Wu
- Department of Microbiology, The Institute of Medical Science, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Lii-Tzu Wu
- Department of Microbiology, The Institute of Medical Science, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Li T, Guo J, Zhang H. Design and examination of potent pseudosubstrate-based oligonucleotide inhibitors against bacterial topoisomerase IV. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2017; 27:4817-4822. [PMID: 29017783 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2017.09.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2017] [Revised: 08/16/2017] [Accepted: 09/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Topoisomerase IV is an enzyme that is mainly responsible for unwinding interlocked DNA strands at the final stage of prokaryotic DNA replication. Due to its exclusivity in prokaryotes, topoisomerase IV has been identified as a validated target for quinolone-based antibiotics in the past years for treating bacterial infection. In consideration that bacterial resistance to such antibiotics has occurred constantly, several newly designed pseudosubstrate oligonucleotides as DNA topoisomerase IV inhibitors have been examined during our recent investigations. Among them, the nick-, gap- and mismatched base pair-containing oligonucleotides displayed significantly high inhibitory effects toward topoisomerase IV. It is our anticipation that the outcomes of our current studies could be beneficial for the future development of pseudosubstrate-based enzyme inhibitors as well as new types of antibiotics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tyler Li
- Lexington High School, 251 Waltham Street, Lexington, MA 02421, USA
| | - Juanjuan Guo
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore 637371, Singapore
| | - Hao Zhang
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore 637371, Singapore.
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Molecular Characterization of Fluoroquinolone-Resistant Moraxella catarrhalis Variants Generated In Vitro by Stepwise Selection. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2017; 61:AAC.01336-17. [PMID: 28760904 DOI: 10.1128/aac.01336-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2017] [Accepted: 07/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Moraxella catarrhalis causes respiratory infections. In this study, fluoroquinolone-resistant strains were selected in vitro to evaluate the mechanism of fluoroquinolone resistance. Strains with reduced fluoroquinolone susceptibility were obtained by stepwise selection in levofloxacin, and fluoroquinolone targets gyr and par were sequenced. Six novel mutations in GyrA (D84Y, T594dup, and A722dup), GyrB (E479K and D439N), and ParE (Q395R) involved in M. catarrhalis resistance to fluoroquinolones were revealed.
Collapse
|
45
|
Matsumura Y, Noguchi T, Tanaka M, Kanahashi T, Yamamoto M, Nagao M, Takakura S, Ichiyama S. Population structure of Japanese extraintestinal pathogenic Escherichia coli and its relationship with antimicrobial resistance. J Antimicrob Chemother 2017; 72:1040-1049. [PMID: 28077674 DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkw530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2016] [Accepted: 11/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives To define the population structure of extraintestinal pathogenic Escherichia coli (ExPEC) in Japan and its relationship with antimicrobial resistance and the major resistance mechanisms for fluoroquinolones and β-lactams, we designed a multicentre prospective study. Methods A total of 329 ExPEC isolates were collected at 10 Japanese acute-care hospitals during December 2014. We defined the clonal groups of ExPEC by fumC and fimH sequencing (CH typing). Antimicrobial susceptibility testing of 18 agents and the detection of mutations in quinolone resistance-determining regions (QRDRs) and β-lactamases were performed. Results Among the study isolates, 103 CH types were found, and CH40-30 (25%) and another 10 CH types (35% in total) constituted the major ExPEC population. Ciprofloxacin non-susceptibility, ESBLs and MDR phenotypes were found in 34%, 22% and 33%, respectively. CH40-30, corresponding to the C/H30 clade of the global pandemic ST131 clone, was associated with four QRDR mutations (100%) and bla CTX-M (60%) and was the most frequent type in 15 antimicrobial-non-susceptible populations (dominating 39%-75% of each population, the highest prevalence for ciprofloxacin), the ESBL producers (70%) and the MDR isolates (59%). Isolates that were non-susceptible to nalidixic acid and low-level resistant to ciprofloxacin with one or two QRDR mutations represented 16% of the study isolates and were distributed among the eight major and non-major CH types. Conclusions More than half of the ExPEC population in Japan consisted of 11 major clones. Of these clones, the CH40-30-ST131-C/H30 clone was the predominant antimicrobial-resistant population. The presence of major clones with low-level ciprofloxacin resistance supports the potential future success of a non-ST131 fluoroquinolone-resistant clone.
Collapse
|
46
|
Ashley RE, Lindsey RH, McPherson SA, Turnbough CL, Kerns RJ, Osheroff N. Interactions between Quinolones and Bacillus anthracis Gyrase and the Basis of Drug Resistance. Biochemistry 2017; 56:4191-4200. [PMID: 28708938 PMCID: PMC5560241 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.7b00203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
![]()
Gyrase appears to
be the primary cellular target for quinolone
antibacterials in multiple pathogenic bacteria, including Bacillus anthracis, the causative agent of anthrax. Given
the significance of this type II topoisomerase as a drug target, it
is critical to understand how quinolones interact with gyrase and
how specific mutations lead to resistance. However, these important
issues have yet to be addressed for a canonical gyrase. Therefore,
we utilized a mechanistic approach to characterize interactions of
quinolones with wild-type B. anthracis gyrase and
enzymes containing the most common quinolone resistance mutations.
Results indicate that clinically relevant quinolones interact with
the enzyme through a water–metal ion bridge in which a noncatalytic
divalent metal ion is chelated by the C3/C4 keto acid of the drug.
In contrast to other bacterial type II topoisomerases that have been
examined, the bridge is anchored to gyrase primarily through a single
residue (Ser85). Substitution of groups at the quinolone C7 and C8
positions generated drugs that were less dependent on the water–metal
ion bridge and overcame resistance. Thus, by analyzing the interactions
of drugs with type II topoisomerases from individual bacteria, it
may be possible to identify specific quinolone derivatives that can
overcome target-mediated resistance in important pathogenic species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Sylvia A McPherson
- Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham , Birmingham, Alabama 35294, United States
| | - Charles L Turnbough
- Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham , Birmingham, Alabama 35294, United States
| | - Robert J Kerns
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Experimental Therapeutics, University of Iowa College of Pharmacy , Iowa City, Iowa 52242, United States
| | - Neil Osheroff
- VA Tennessee Valley Healthcare System , Nashville, Tennessee 37212, United States
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Machuca J, Recacha E, Briales A, Díaz-de-Alba P, Blazquez J, Pascual Á, Rodríguez-Martínez JM. Cellular Response to Ciprofloxacin in Low-Level Quinolone-Resistant Escherichia coli. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:1370. [PMID: 28769919 PMCID: PMC5516121 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.01370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2017] [Accepted: 07/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Bactericidal activity of quinolones has been related to a combination of DNA fragmentation, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and programmed cell death (PCD) systems. The underlying molecular systems responsible for reducing bactericidal effect during antimicrobial therapy in low-level quinolone resistance (LLQR) phenotypes need to be clarified. To do this and also define possible new antimicrobial targets, the transcriptome profile of isogenic Escherichia coli harboring quinolone resistance mechanisms in the presence of a clinical relevant concentration of ciprofloxacin was evaluated. A marked differential response to ciprofloxacin of either up- or downregulation was observed in LLQR strains. Multiple genes implicated in ROS modulation (related to the TCA cycle, aerobic respiration and detoxification systems) were upregulated (sdhC up to 63.5-fold) in mutants with LLQR. SOS system components were downregulated (recA up to 30.7-fold). yihE, a protective kinase coding for PCD, was also upregulated (up to 5.2-fold). SdhC inhibition sensitized LLQR phenotypes (up to ΔLog = 2.3 after 24 h). At clinically relevant concentrations of ciprofloxacin, gene expression patterns in critical systems to bacterial survival and mutant development were significantly modified in LLQR phenotypes. Chemical inhibition of SdhC (succinate dehydrogenase) validated modulation of ROS as an interesting target for bacterial sensitization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jesús Machuca
- Unidad Intercentros de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Microbiología y Medicina Preventiva, Hospital Universitario Virgen Macarena y Virgen del RocíoSeville, Spain
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas/Universidad de SevillaSevilla, Spain
| | - Esther Recacha
- Unidad Intercentros de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Microbiología y Medicina Preventiva, Hospital Universitario Virgen Macarena y Virgen del RocíoSeville, Spain
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas/Universidad de SevillaSevilla, Spain
| | - Alejandra Briales
- Red Española de Investigación en Patología Infecciosa, Instituto de Salud Carlos IIIMadrid, Spain
- Departamento de Microbiología, Universidad de SevillaSevilla, Spain
| | - Paula Díaz-de-Alba
- Unidad Intercentros de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Microbiología y Medicina Preventiva, Hospital Universitario Virgen Macarena y Virgen del RocíoSeville, Spain
| | - Jesús Blazquez
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas/Universidad de SevillaSevilla, Spain
- Red Española de Investigación en Patología Infecciosa, Instituto de Salud Carlos IIIMadrid, Spain
- Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones CientíficasMadrid, Spain
| | - Álvaro Pascual
- Unidad Intercentros de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Microbiología y Medicina Preventiva, Hospital Universitario Virgen Macarena y Virgen del RocíoSeville, Spain
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas/Universidad de SevillaSevilla, Spain
- Red Española de Investigación en Patología Infecciosa, Instituto de Salud Carlos IIIMadrid, Spain
| | - José-Manuel Rodríguez-Martínez
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas/Universidad de SevillaSevilla, Spain
- Red Española de Investigación en Patología Infecciosa, Instituto de Salud Carlos IIIMadrid, Spain
- Departamento de Microbiología, Universidad de SevillaSevilla, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
The Impact of Mutations in Topoisomerase Genes and the Plasmid-Mediated Quinolone Resistance (PMQR) Determinants on the Resistance to Fluoroquinolones in Klebsiella pneumoniae. ARCHIVES OF CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES 2017. [DOI: 10.5812/archcid.57290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
|
49
|
Chantziaras I, Smet A, Haesebrouck F, Boyen F, Dewulf J. Studying the effect of administration route and treatment dose on the selection of enrofloxacin resistance in commensal Escherichia coli in broilers. J Antimicrob Chemother 2017; 72:1991-2001. [DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkx104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2016] [Accepted: 03/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
|
50
|
Hurley KA, Santos TMA, Fensterwald MR, Rajendran M, Moore JT, Balmond EI, Blahnik BJ, Faulkner KC, Foss MH, Heinrich VA, Lammers MG, Moore LC, Reynolds GD, Shearn-Nance GP, Stearns BA, Yao ZW, Shaw JT, Weibel DB. Targeting quinolone- and aminocoumarin-resistant bacteria with new gyramide analogs that inhibit DNA gyrase. MEDCHEMCOMM 2017; 8:942-951. [PMID: 30034678 PMCID: PMC6051542 DOI: 10.1039/c7md00012j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2017] [Accepted: 02/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Bacterial DNA gyrase is an essential type II topoisomerase that enables cells to overcome topological barriers encountered during replication, transcription, recombination, and repair. This enzyme is ubiquitous in bacteria and represents an important clinical target for antibacterial therapy. In this paper we report the characterization of three exciting new gyramide analogs-from a library of 183 derivatives-that are potent inhibitors of DNA gyrase and are active against clinical strains of gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia coli, Shigella flexneri, and Salmonella enterica; 3 of 10 wild-type strains tested) and gram-positive bacteria (Bacillus spp., Enterococcus spp., Staphylococcus spp., and Streptococcus spp.; all 9 of the wild-type strains tested). E. coli strains resistant to the DNA gyrase inhibitors ciprofloxacin and novobiocin display very little cross-resistance to these new gyramides. In vitro studies demonstrate that the new analogs are potent inhibitors of the DNA supercoiling activity of DNA gyrase (IC50s of 47-170 nM) but do not alter the enzyme's ATPase activity. Although mutations that confer bacterial cells resistant to these new gyramides map to the genes encoding the subunits of the DNA gyrase (gyrA and gyrB genes), overexpression of GyrA, GyrB, or GyrA and GyrB together does not suppress the inhibitory effect of the gyramides. These observations support the hypothesis that the gyramides inhibit DNA gyrase using a mechanism that is unique from other known inhibitors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katherine A. Hurley
- Department of Biochemistry
, University of Wisconsin – Madison
,
Madison
, Wisconsin
, USA
.
| | - Thiago M. A. Santos
- Department of Biochemistry
, University of Wisconsin – Madison
,
Madison
, Wisconsin
, USA
.
| | - Molly R. Fensterwald
- Department of Chemistry
, University of California – Davis
,
Davis
, California
, USA
.
| | - Madhusudan Rajendran
- Department of Biochemistry
, University of Wisconsin – Madison
,
Madison
, Wisconsin
, USA
.
| | - Jared T. Moore
- Department of Chemistry
, University of California – Davis
,
Davis
, California
, USA
.
| | - Edward I. Balmond
- Department of Chemistry
, University of California – Davis
,
Davis
, California
, USA
.
| | - Brice J. Blahnik
- Department of Biochemistry
, University of Wisconsin – Madison
,
Madison
, Wisconsin
, USA
.
| | - Katherine C. Faulkner
- Department of Biochemistry
, University of Wisconsin – Madison
,
Madison
, Wisconsin
, USA
.
| | - Marie H. Foss
- Department of Biochemistry
, University of Wisconsin – Madison
,
Madison
, Wisconsin
, USA
.
| | - Victoria A. Heinrich
- Department of Biochemistry
, University of Wisconsin – Madison
,
Madison
, Wisconsin
, USA
.
| | - Matthew G. Lammers
- Department of Biochemistry
, University of Wisconsin – Madison
,
Madison
, Wisconsin
, USA
.
| | - Lucas C. Moore
- Department of Chemistry
, University of California – Davis
,
Davis
, California
, USA
.
| | - Gregory D. Reynolds
- Department of Biochemistry
, University of Wisconsin – Madison
,
Madison
, Wisconsin
, USA
.
| | - Galen P. Shearn-Nance
- Department of Chemistry
, University of California – Davis
,
Davis
, California
, USA
.
| | | | - Zi W. Yao
- Department of Chemistry
, University of California – Davis
,
Davis
, California
, USA
.
| | - Jared T. Shaw
- Department of Chemistry
, University of California – Davis
,
Davis
, California
, USA
.
| | - Douglas B. Weibel
- Department of Biochemistry
, University of Wisconsin – Madison
,
Madison
, Wisconsin
, USA
.
- Department of Chemistry
, University of Wisconsin – Madison
,
Madison
, Wisconsin
, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering
, University of Wisconsin – Madison
,
Madison
, Wisconsin
, USA
| |
Collapse
|