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Sendra E, Fernández-Muñoz A, Zamorano L, Oliver A, Horcajada JP, Juan C, Gómez-Zorrilla S. Impact of multidrug resistance on the virulence and fitness of Pseudomonas aeruginosa: a microbiological and clinical perspective. Infection 2024:10.1007/s15010-024-02313-x. [PMID: 38954392 DOI: 10.1007/s15010-024-02313-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is one of the most common nosocomial pathogens and part of the top emergent species associated with antimicrobial resistance that has become one of the greatest threat to public health in the twenty-first century. This bacterium is provided with a wide set of virulence factors that contribute to pathogenesis in acute and chronic infections. This review aims to summarize the impact of multidrug resistance on the virulence and fitness of P. aeruginosa. Although it is generally assumed that acquisition of resistant determinants is associated with a fitness cost, several studies support that resistance mutations may not be associated with a decrease in virulence and/or that certain compensatory mutations may allow multidrug resistance strains to recover their initial fitness. We discuss the interplay between resistance profiles and virulence from a microbiological perspective but also the clinical consequences in outcomes and the economic impact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Sendra
- Infectious Diseases Service, Hospital del Mar, Infectious Pathology and Antimicrobials Research Group (IPAR), Hospital del Mar Research Institute, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), CEXS-Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Passeig Marítim 25-27, 08003, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Almudena Fernández-Muñoz
- Research Unit, University Hospital Son Espases-Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa), Microbiology Department, University Hospital Son Espases, Crtra. Valldemossa 79, 07010, Palma, Spain
| | - Laura Zamorano
- Research Unit, University Hospital Son Espases-Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa), Microbiology Department, University Hospital Son Espases, Crtra. Valldemossa 79, 07010, Palma, Spain
| | - Antonio Oliver
- Research Unit, University Hospital Son Espases-Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa), Microbiology Department, University Hospital Son Espases, Crtra. Valldemossa 79, 07010, Palma, Spain
- Center for Biomedical Research in Infectious Diseases Network (CIBERINFEC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan Pablo Horcajada
- Infectious Diseases Service, Hospital del Mar, Infectious Pathology and Antimicrobials Research Group (IPAR), Hospital del Mar Research Institute, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), CEXS-Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Passeig Marítim 25-27, 08003, Barcelona, Spain
- Center for Biomedical Research in Infectious Diseases Network (CIBERINFEC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carlos Juan
- Research Unit, University Hospital Son Espases-Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa), Microbiology Department, University Hospital Son Espases, Crtra. Valldemossa 79, 07010, Palma, Spain.
- Center for Biomedical Research in Infectious Diseases Network (CIBERINFEC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Silvia Gómez-Zorrilla
- Infectious Diseases Service, Hospital del Mar, Infectious Pathology and Antimicrobials Research Group (IPAR), Hospital del Mar Research Institute, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), CEXS-Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Passeig Marítim 25-27, 08003, Barcelona, Spain.
- Center for Biomedical Research in Infectious Diseases Network (CIBERINFEC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
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Madden DE, Baird T, Bell SC, McCarthy KL, Price EP, Sarovich DS. Keeping up with the pathogens: improved antimicrobial resistance detection and prediction from Pseudomonas aeruginosa genomes. Genome Med 2024; 16:78. [PMID: 38849863 PMCID: PMC11157771 DOI: 10.1186/s13073-024-01346-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2023] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is an intensifying threat that requires urgent mitigation to avoid a post-antibiotic era. Pseudomonas aeruginosa represents one of the greatest AMR concerns due to increasing multi- and pan-drug resistance rates. Shotgun sequencing is gaining traction for in silico AMR profiling due to its unambiguity and transferability; however, accurate and comprehensive AMR prediction from P. aeruginosa genomes remains an unsolved problem. METHODS We first curated the most comprehensive database yet of known P. aeruginosa AMR variants. Next, we performed comparative genomics and microbial genome-wide association study analysis across a Global isolate Dataset (n = 1877) with paired antimicrobial phenotype and genomic data to identify novel AMR variants. Finally, the performance of our P. aeruginosa AMR database, implemented in our AMR detection and prediction tool, ARDaP, was compared with three previously published in silico AMR gene detection or phenotype prediction tools-abritAMR, AMRFinderPlus, ResFinder-across both the Global Dataset and an analysis-naïve Validation Dataset (n = 102). RESULTS Our AMR database comprises 3639 mobile AMR genes and 728 chromosomal variants, including 75 previously unreported chromosomal AMR variants, 10 variants associated with unusual antimicrobial susceptibility, and 281 chromosomal variants that we show are unlikely to confer AMR. Our pipeline achieved a genotype-phenotype balanced accuracy (bACC) of 85% and 81% across 10 clinically relevant antibiotics when tested against the Global and Validation Datasets, respectively, vs. just 56% and 54% with abritAMR, 58% and 54% with AMRFinderPlus, and 60% and 53% with ResFinder. ARDaP's superior performance was predominantly due to the inclusion of chromosomal AMR variants, which are generally not identified with most AMR identification tools. CONCLUSIONS Our ARDaP software and associated AMR variant database provides an accurate tool for predicting AMR phenotypes in P. aeruginosa, far surpassing the performance of current tools. Implementation of ARDaP for routine AMR prediction from P. aeruginosa genomes and metagenomes will improve AMR identification, addressing a critical facet in combatting this treatment-refractory pathogen. However, knowledge gaps remain in our understanding of the P. aeruginosa resistome, particularly the basis of colistin AMR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle E Madden
- Centre for Bioinnovation, University of the Sunshine Coast, Sippy Downs, QLD, Australia
- Sunshine Coast Health Institute, Birtinya, Queensland, Australia
| | - Timothy Baird
- Centre for Bioinnovation, University of the Sunshine Coast, Sippy Downs, QLD, Australia
- Sunshine Coast Health Institute, Birtinya, Queensland, Australia
- Respiratory Department, Sunshine Coast University Hospital, Birtinya, Queensland, Australia
| | - Scott C Bell
- Adult Cystic Fibrosis Centre, The Prince Charles Hospital, Chermside, Queensland, Australia
- Children's Health Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, South Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Kate L McCarthy
- University of Queensland Medical School, Herston, QLD, Australia
- Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Herston, Queensland, Australia
| | - Erin P Price
- Centre for Bioinnovation, University of the Sunshine Coast, Sippy Downs, QLD, Australia
- Sunshine Coast Health Institute, Birtinya, Queensland, Australia
| | - Derek S Sarovich
- Centre for Bioinnovation, University of the Sunshine Coast, Sippy Downs, QLD, Australia.
- Sunshine Coast Health Institute, Birtinya, Queensland, Australia.
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Xia L, Li Y, Wang Y, Zhou H, Dandekar AA, Wang M, Xu F. Quorum-sensing regulation of phenazine production heightens Pseudomonas aeruginosa resistance to ciprofloxacin. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2024; 68:e0011824. [PMID: 38526048 PMCID: PMC11064481 DOI: 10.1128/aac.00118-24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Quorum sensing is a type of cell-cell communication that modulates various biological activities of bacteria. Previous studies indicate that quorum sensing contributes to the evolution of bacterial resistance to antibiotics, but the underlying mechanisms are not fully understood. In this study, we grew Pseudomonas aeruginosa in the presence of sub-lethal concentrations of ciprofloxacin, resulting in a large increase in ciprofloxacin minimal inhibitory concentration. We discovered that quorum sensing-mediated phenazine biosynthesis was significantly enhanced in the resistant isolates, where the quinolone circuit was the predominant contributor to this phenomenon. We found that production of pyocyanin changed carbon flux and showed that the effect can be partially inhibited by the addition of pyruvate to cultures. This study illustrates the role of quorum sensing-mediated phenotypic resistance and suggests a strategy for its prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lexin Xia
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yue Li
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yufan Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Hui Zhou
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ajai A. Dandekar
- Department of Microbiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Meizhen Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Feng Xu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
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4
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Okurowska K, Monk PN, Karunakaran E. Increased tolerance to commonly used antibiotics in a Pseudomonas aeruginosa ex vivo porcine keratitis model. MICROBIOLOGY (READING, ENGLAND) 2024; 170:001459. [PMID: 38739119 PMCID: PMC11165664 DOI: 10.1099/mic.0.001459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024]
Abstract
Introduction. Bacterial keratitis, particularly caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa, is challenging to treat because of multi-drug tolerance, often associated with the formation of biofilms. Antibiotics in development are typically evaluated against planktonic bacteria in a culture medium, which may not accurately represent the complexity of infections in vivo.Hypothesis/Gap Statement. Developing a reliable, economic ex vivo keratitis model that replicates some complexity of tissue infections could facilitate a deeper understanding of antibiotic efficacy, thus aiding in the optimization of treatment strategies for bacterial keratitis.Methodology. Here we investigated the efficacy of three commonly used antibiotics (gentamicin, ciprofloxacin and meropenem) against Pseudomonas aeruginosa cytotoxic strain PA14 and invasive strain PA01 using an ex vivo porcine keratitis model.Results. Both strains of P. aeruginosa were susceptible to the MIC of the three tested antibiotics. However, significantly higher concentrations were necessary to inhibit bacterial growth in the minimum biofilm eradication concentration (MBEC) assay, with both strains tolerating concentrations greater than 512 mg l-1 of meropenem. When MIC and higher concentrations than MBEC (1024 mg l-1) of antibiotics were applied, ciprofloxacin exhibited the highest potency against both P. aeruginosa strains, followed by meropenem, while gentamicin showed the least potency. Despite this, none of the antibiotic concentrations used effectively cleared the infection, even after 18 h of continuous exposure.Conclusions. Further exploration of antibiotic concentrations and aligning dosing with clinical studies to validate the model is needed. Nonetheless, our ex vivo porcine keratitis model could be a valuable tool for assessing antibiotic efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Okurowska
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK
- National Institute for Health and Care Research, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Peter N. Monk
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK
| | - Esther Karunakaran
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK
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Oliver A, Rojo-Molinero E, Arca-Suarez J, Beşli Y, Bogaerts P, Cantón R, Cimen C, Croughs PD, Denis O, Giske CG, Graells T, Daniel Huang TD, Iorga BI, Karatuna O, Kocsis B, Kronenberg A, López-Causapé C, Malhotra-Kumar S, Martínez LM, Mazzariol A, Meyer S, Naas T, Notermans DW, Oteo-Iglesias J, Pedersen T, Pirš M, Poeta P, Poirel L, Pournaras S, Sundsfjord A, Szabó D, Tambić-Andrašević A, Vatcheva-Dobrevska R, Vitkauskienė A, Jeannot K. Pseudomonasaeruginosa antimicrobial susceptibility profiles, resistance mechanisms and international clonal lineages: update from ESGARS-ESCMID/ISARPAE Group. Clin Microbiol Infect 2024; 30:469-480. [PMID: 38160753 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmi.2023.12.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
SCOPE Pseudomonas aeruginosa, a ubiquitous opportunistic pathogen considered one of the paradigms of antimicrobial resistance, is among the main causes of hospital-acquired and chronic infections associated with significant morbidity and mortality. This growing threat results from the extraordinary capacity of P. aeruginosa to develop antimicrobial resistance through chromosomal mutations, the increasing prevalence of transferable resistance determinants (such as the carbapenemases and the extended-spectrum β-lactamases), and the global expansion of epidemic lineages. The general objective of this initiative is to provide a comprehensive update of P. aeruginosa resistance mechanisms, especially for the extensively drug-resistant (XDR)/difficult-to-treat resistance (DTR) international high-risk epidemic lineages, and how the recently approved β-lactams and β-lactam/β-lactamase inhibitor combinations may affect resistance mechanisms and the definition of susceptibility profiles. METHODS To address this challenge, the European Study Group for Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance (ESGARS) from the European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases launched the 'Improving Surveillance of Antibiotic-Resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa in Europe (ISARPAE)' initiative in 2022, supported by the Joint programming initiative on antimicrobial resistance network call and included a panel of over 40 researchers from 18 European Countries. Thus, a ESGARS-ISARPAE position paper was designed and the final version agreed after four rounds of revision and discussion by all panel members. QUESTIONS ADDRESSED IN THE POSITION PAPER To provide an update on (a) the emerging resistance mechanisms to classical and novel anti-pseudomonal agents, with a particular focus on β-lactams, (b) the susceptibility profiles associated with the most relevant β-lactam resistance mechanisms, (c) the impact of the novel agents and resistance mechanisms on the definitions of resistance profiles, and (d) the globally expanding XDR/DTR high-risk lineages and their association with transferable resistance mechanisms. IMPLICATION The evidence presented herein can be used for coordinated epidemiological surveillance and decision making at the European and global level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Oliver
- Servicio de Microbiología, Hospital Universitario Son Espases, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Illes Balears (IdISBa), Palma de Mallorca, Spain; CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Estrella Rojo-Molinero
- Servicio de Microbiología, Hospital Universitario Son Espases, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Illes Balears (IdISBa), Palma de Mallorca, Spain; CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jorge Arca-Suarez
- CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Servicio de Microbiología and Instituto de Investigación Biomédica A Coruña (INIBIC), Complexo Hospitalario Universitario A Coruña, A Coruña, Spain
| | - Yeşim Beşli
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Amerikan Hastanesi, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Pierre Bogaerts
- National Center for Antimicrobial Resistance in Gram, CHU UCL Namur, Yvoir, Belgium
| | - Rafael Cantón
- CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Servicio de Microbiología, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal-IRYCIS, Madrid, Spain
| | - Cansu Cimen
- Institute for Medical Microbiology and Virology, University of Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany; Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Peter D Croughs
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Olivier Denis
- Department of Microbiology, CHU Namur Site-Godinne, Université Catholique de Louvain, Yvoir, Belgium; Ecole de Santé Publique, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Christian G Giske
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Division of Clinical Microbiology, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Tíscar Graells
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society (NVS), Division of Family Medicine and Primary Care, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Te-Din Daniel Huang
- National Center for Antimicrobial Resistance in Gram, CHU UCL Namur, Yvoir, Belgium
| | - Bogdan I Iorga
- CNRS, Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Onur Karatuna
- EUCAST Development Laboratory, Clinical Microbiology, Central Hospital, Växjö, Sweden
| | - Béla Kocsis
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Andreas Kronenberg
- Institute for Infectious Diseases, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Carla López-Causapé
- Servicio de Microbiología, Hospital Universitario Son Espases, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Illes Balears (IdISBa), Palma de Mallorca, Spain; CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Surbhi Malhotra-Kumar
- Laboratory of Medical Microbiology, Vaccine & Infectious Disease Institute, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Luis Martínez Martínez
- CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Unidad de Microbiología, Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, Departamento de Química Agrícola, Edafología y Microbiología, Universidad de Córdoba, e Instituto Maimonides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC), Spain
| | - Annarita Mazzariol
- Microbiology and Virology Section, Department of Diagnostic and Public Health, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Sylvain Meyer
- INSERM UMR 1092 and Université of Limoges, Limoges, France
| | - Thierry Naas
- Laboratoire Associé du Centre National de Référence de la Résistance aux Antibiotiques: Entérobactéries Résistantes aux Carbapénèmes, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France; Équipe INSERM ReSIST, Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris-Saclay, Paris, France
| | - Daan W Notermans
- Centre for Infectious Disease Control. National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Jesús Oteo-Iglesias
- CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Reference and Research Laboratory in Resistance to Antibiotics and Infections Related to Healthcare, National Centre for Microbiology, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Torunn Pedersen
- Norwegian National Advisory Unit on Detection of Antimicrobial Resistance, Department of Microbiology and Infection Control, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Mateja Pirš
- Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Patricia Poeta
- MicroART-Microbiology and Antibiotic Resistance Team, Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), Vila Real, Portugal; Associated Laboratory for Green Chemistry (LAQV-REQUIMTE), University NOVA of Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal; Veterinary and Animal Research Centre (CECAV), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), Vila Real, Portugal; University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Sciences (AL4AnimalS), Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Laurent Poirel
- Emerging Antibiotic Resistance Unit, Medical and Molecular Microbiology, Department of Medicine, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland; University of Fribourg, Swiss National Reference Center for Emerging Antibiotic Resistance, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Spyros Pournaras
- Laboratory of Clinical Microbiology, Attikon University Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Arnfinn Sundsfjord
- Norwegian National Advisory Unit on Detection of Antimicrobial Resistance, Department of Microbiology and Infection Control, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø, Norway; Research Group on Host-Microbe Interactions, Department of Medical Biology, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Dora Szabó
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary; Human Microbiota Study Group, Semmelweis University-Eötvös Lóránd Research Network, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Arjana Tambić-Andrašević
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, University Hospital for Infectious Diseases, Zagreb, Croatia; School of Dental Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | | | - Astra Vitkauskienė
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Science, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Katy Jeannot
- Laboratoire de Bactériologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Besançon, Besançon, France; Laboratoire associé du Centre National de Référence de la Résistance aux Antibiotiques, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Besançon, Besançon, France; Chrono-environnement UMR 6249, CNRS, Université Franche-Comté, Besançon, France
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Li M, Liu Y, Gong Y, Yan X, Wang L, Zheng W, Ai H, Zhao Y. Recent advances in nanoantibiotics against multidrug-resistant bacteria. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2023; 5:6278-6317. [PMID: 38024316 PMCID: PMC10662204 DOI: 10.1039/d3na00530e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
Multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria-caused infections have been a major threat to human health. The abuse of conventional antibiotics accelerates the generation of MDR bacteria and makes the situation worse. The emergence of nanomaterials holds great promise for solving this tricky problem due to their multiple antibacterial mechanisms, tunable antibacterial spectra, and low probabilities of inducing drug resistance. In this review, we summarize the mechanism of the generation of drug resistance, and introduce the recently developed nanomaterials for dealing with MDR bacteria via various antibacterial mechanisms. Considering that biosafety and mass production are the major bottlenecks hurdling the commercialization of nanoantibiotics, we introduce the related development in these two aspects. We discuss urgent challenges in this field and future perspectives to promote the development and translation of nanoantibiotics as alternatives against MDR pathogens to traditional antibiotics-based approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mulan Li
- Cancer Research Center, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine No. 1688 Meiling Avenue, Xinjian District Nanchang Jiangxi 330004 P. R. China
| | - Ying Liu
- Key Laboratory of Follicular Development and Reproductive Health in Liaoning Province, Third Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University No. 2, Section 5, Heping Road Jin Zhou Liaoning 121000 P. R. China
| | - Youhuan Gong
- Cancer Research Center, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine No. 1688 Meiling Avenue, Xinjian District Nanchang Jiangxi 330004 P. R. China
| | - Xiaojie Yan
- Cancer Research Center, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine No. 1688 Meiling Avenue, Xinjian District Nanchang Jiangxi 330004 P. R. China
| | - Le Wang
- Cancer Research Center, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine No. 1688 Meiling Avenue, Xinjian District Nanchang Jiangxi 330004 P. R. China
| | - Wenfu Zheng
- CAS Key Lab for Biological Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, National Center for NanoScience and Technology No. 11 Zhongguancun Beiyitiao, Haidian District Beijing 100190 P. R. China
- The University of Chinese Academy of Sciences 19A Yuquan Road, Shijingshan District Beijing 100049 P. R. China
- Cannano Tefei Technology, Co. LTD Room 1013, Building D, No. 136 Kaiyuan Avenue, Huangpu District Guangzhou Guangdong Province 510535 P. R. China
| | - Hao Ai
- Key Laboratory of Follicular Development and Reproductive Health in Liaoning Province, Third Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University No. 2, Section 5, Heping Road Jin Zhou Liaoning 121000 P. R. China
| | - Yuliang Zhao
- CAS Key Lab for Biological Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, National Center for NanoScience and Technology No. 11 Zhongguancun Beiyitiao, Haidian District Beijing 100190 P. R. China
- The University of Chinese Academy of Sciences 19A Yuquan Road, Shijingshan District Beijing 100049 P. R. China
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences 19B Yuquan Road, Shijingshan District Beijing 100049 P. R. China
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Jordana-Lluch E, Barceló IM, Escobar-Salom M, Estévez MA, Zamorano L, Gómez-Zorrilla S, Sendra E, Oliver A, Juan C. The balance between antibiotic resistance and fitness/virulence in Pseudomonas aeruginosa: an update on basic knowledge and fundamental research. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1270999. [PMID: 37840717 PMCID: PMC10569695 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1270999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The interplay between antibiotic resistance and bacterial fitness/virulence has attracted the interest of researchers for decades because of its therapeutic implications, since it is classically assumed that resistance usually entails certain biological costs. Reviews on this topic revise the published data from a general point of view, including studies based on clinical strains or in vitro-evolved mutants in which the resistance phenotype is seen as a final outcome, i.e., a combination of mechanisms. However, a review analyzing the resistance/fitness balance from the basic research perspective, compiling studies in which the different resistance pathways and respective biological costs are individually approached, was missing. Here we cover this gap, specifically focusing on Pseudomonas aeruginosa, a pathogen that stands out because of its extraordinary capacity for resistance development and for which a considerable number of recent and particular data on the interplay with fitness/virulence have been released. The revised information, split into horizontally-acquired vs. mutation-driven resistance, suggests a great complexity and even controversy in the resistance-fitness/virulence balance in the acute infection context, with results ranging from high costs linked to certain pathways to others that are seemingly cost-free or even cases of resistance mechanisms contributing to increased pathogenic capacities. The elusive mechanistic basis for some enigmatic data, knowledge gaps, and possibilities for therapeutic exploitation are discussed. The information gathered suggests that resistance-fitness/virulence interplay may be a source of potential antipseudomonal targets and thus, this review poses the elementary first step for the future development of these strategies harnessing certain resistance-associated biological burdens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Jordana-Lluch
- Research Unit, University Hospital Son Espases-Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa), Palma, Spain
- Department of Microbiology, University Hospital Son Espases, Palma, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red, Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Isabel Mª Barceló
- Research Unit, University Hospital Son Espases-Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa), Palma, Spain
- Department of Microbiology, University Hospital Son Espases, Palma, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red, Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Madrid, Spain
| | - María Escobar-Salom
- Research Unit, University Hospital Son Espases-Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa), Palma, Spain
- Department of Microbiology, University Hospital Son Espases, Palma, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red, Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel A. Estévez
- Research Unit, University Hospital Son Espases-Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa), Palma, Spain
- Department of Microbiology, University Hospital Son Espases, Palma, Spain
| | - Laura Zamorano
- Research Unit, University Hospital Son Espases-Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa), Palma, Spain
- Department of Microbiology, University Hospital Son Espases, Palma, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red, Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Silvia Gómez-Zorrilla
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red, Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Madrid, Spain
- Infectious Diseases Service, Hospital del Mar, Hospital del Mar Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelóna (UAB), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Elena Sendra
- Infectious Diseases Service, Hospital del Mar, Hospital del Mar Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelóna (UAB), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Antonio Oliver
- Research Unit, University Hospital Son Espases-Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa), Palma, Spain
- Department of Microbiology, University Hospital Son Espases, Palma, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red, Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Carlos Juan
- Research Unit, University Hospital Son Espases-Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa), Palma, Spain
- Department of Microbiology, University Hospital Son Espases, Palma, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red, Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Madrid, Spain
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8
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Kothari A, Kherdekar R, Mago V, Uniyal M, Mamgain G, Kalia RB, Kumar S, Jain N, Pandey A, Omar BJ. Age of Antibiotic Resistance in MDR/XDR Clinical Pathogen of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:1230. [PMID: 37765038 PMCID: PMC10534605 DOI: 10.3390/ph16091230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2023] [Revised: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Antibiotic resistance in Pseudomonas aeruginosa remains one of the most challenging phenomena of everyday medical science. The universal spread of high-risk clones of multidrug-resistant/extensively drug-resistant (MDR/XDR) clinical P. aeruginosa has become a public health threat. The P. aeruginosa bacteria exhibits remarkable genome plasticity that utilizes highly acquired and intrinsic resistance mechanisms to counter most antibiotic challenges. In addition, the adaptive antibiotic resistance of P. aeruginosa, including biofilm-mediated resistance and the formation of multidrug-tolerant persisted cells, are accountable for recalcitrance and relapse of infections. We highlighted the AMR mechanism considering the most common pathogen P. aeruginosa, its clinical impact, epidemiology, and save our souls (SOS)-mediated resistance. We further discussed the current therapeutic options against MDR/XDR P. aeruginosa infections, and described those treatment options in clinical practice. Finally, other therapeutic strategies, such as bacteriophage-based therapy and antimicrobial peptides, were described with clinical relevance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashish Kothari
- Department of Microbiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh 249203, India;
| | - Radhika Kherdekar
- Department of Dentistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh 249203, India;
| | - Vishal Mago
- Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh 249203, India;
| | - Madhur Uniyal
- Department of Trauma Surgery, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh 249203, India;
| | - Garima Mamgain
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh 249203, India;
| | - Roop Bhushan Kalia
- Department of Orthopaedics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh 249203, India;
| | - Sandeep Kumar
- Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA;
| | - Neeraj Jain
- Department of Medical Oncology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh 249203, India
- Division of Cancer Biology, Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Atul Pandey
- Department of Entomology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40503, USA
| | - Balram Ji Omar
- Department of Microbiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh 249203, India;
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9
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Avakh A, Grant GD, Cheesman MJ, Kalkundri T, Hall S. The Art of War with Pseudomonas aeruginosa: Targeting Mex Efflux Pumps Directly to Strategically Enhance Antipseudomonal Drug Efficacy. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:1304. [PMID: 37627724 PMCID: PMC10451789 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12081304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Revised: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) poses a grave clinical challenge due to its multidrug resistance (MDR) phenotype, leading to severe and life-threatening infections. This bacterium exhibits both intrinsic resistance to various antipseudomonal agents and acquired resistance against nearly all available antibiotics, contributing to its MDR phenotype. Multiple mechanisms, including enzyme production, loss of outer membrane proteins, target mutations, and multidrug efflux systems, contribute to its antimicrobial resistance. The clinical importance of addressing MDR in P. aeruginosa is paramount, and one pivotal determinant is the resistance-nodulation-division (RND) family of drug/proton antiporters, notably the Mex efflux pumps. These pumps function as crucial defenders, reinforcing the emergence of extensively drug-resistant (XDR) and pandrug-resistant (PDR) strains, which underscores the urgency of the situation. Overcoming this challenge necessitates the exploration and development of potent efflux pump inhibitors (EPIs) to restore the efficacy of existing antipseudomonal drugs. By effectively countering or bypassing efflux activities, EPIs hold tremendous potential for restoring the antibacterial activity against P. aeruginosa and other Gram-negative pathogens. This review focuses on concurrent MDR, highlighting the clinical significance of efflux pumps, particularly the Mex efflux pumps, in driving MDR. It explores promising EPIs and delves into the structural characteristics of the MexB subunit and its substrate binding sites.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Susan Hall
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD 4222, Australia; (A.A.); (G.D.G.); (M.J.C.); (T.K.)
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10
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Verdial C, Serrano I, Tavares L, Gil S, Oliveira M. Mechanisms of Antibiotic and Biocide Resistance That Contribute to Pseudomonas aeruginosa Persistence in the Hospital Environment. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11041221. [PMID: 37189839 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11041221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Revised: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an opportunistic bacterial pathogen responsible for multiple hospital- and community-acquired infections, both in human and veterinary medicine. P. aeruginosa persistence in clinical settings is worrisome and is a result of its remarkable flexibility and adaptability. This species exhibits several characteristics that allow it to thrive under different environmental conditions, including the ability to colonize inert materials such as medical equipment and hospital surfaces. P. aeruginosa presents several intrinsic mechanisms of defense that allow it to survive external aggressions, but it is also able to develop strategies and evolve into multiple phenotypes to persevere, which include antimicrobial-tolerant strains, persister cells, and biofilms. Currently, these emergent pathogenic strains are a worldwide problem and a major concern. Biocides are frequently used as a complementary/combination strategy to control the dissemination of P. aeruginosa-resistant strains; however, tolerance to commonly used biocides has also already been reported, representing an impediment to the effective elimination of this important pathogen from clinical settings. This review focuses on the characteristics of P. aeruginosa responsible for its persistence in hospital environments, including those associated with its antibiotic and biocide resistance ability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cláudia Verdial
- Gato Escondido-Veterinary Clinic, Av. Bombeiros Voluntários n°22B, 2950-209 Palmela, Portugal
| | - Isa Serrano
- CIISA-Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Animal Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Lisbon, Avenida da Universidade Técnica, 1300-477 Lisboa, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Sciences (AL4AnimalS), 1300-477 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Luís Tavares
- CIISA-Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Animal Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Lisbon, Avenida da Universidade Técnica, 1300-477 Lisboa, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Sciences (AL4AnimalS), 1300-477 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Solange Gil
- CIISA-Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Animal Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Lisbon, Avenida da Universidade Técnica, 1300-477 Lisboa, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Sciences (AL4AnimalS), 1300-477 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Manuela Oliveira
- CIISA-Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Animal Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Lisbon, Avenida da Universidade Técnica, 1300-477 Lisboa, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Sciences (AL4AnimalS), 1300-477 Lisboa, Portugal
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11
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Williams J, Burton N, Dhanoa G, Sagona AP. Host-phage interactions and modeling for therapy. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2023; 200:127-158. [PMID: 37739552 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2023.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/24/2023]
Abstract
Phage are drivers of numerous ecological processes on the planet and have the potential to be developed into a therapy alternative to antibiotics. Phage at all points of their life cycle, from initiation of infection to their release, interact with their host in some manner. More importantly, to harness their antimicrobial potential it is vital to understand how phage interact with the eukaryotic environment in the context of applying phage for therapy. In this chapter, the various mechanisms of phage interplay with their hosts as part of their natural life cycle are discussed in depth for Gram-positive and negative bacteria. Further, the literature surrounding the various models utilized to develop phage as a therapeutic are examined, and how these models may improve our understanding of phage-host interactions and current progress in utilizing phage for therapy in the clinical environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua Williams
- School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
| | - Nathan Burton
- School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
| | - Gurneet Dhanoa
- School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
| | - Antonia P Sagona
- School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom.
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12
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Hernando-Amado S, Laborda P, Martínez JL. Tackling antibiotic resistance by inducing transient and robust collateral sensitivity. Nat Commun 2023; 14:1723. [PMID: 36997518 PMCID: PMC10063638 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-37357-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Collateral sensitivity (CS) is an evolutionary trade-off traditionally linked to the mutational acquisition of antibiotic resistance (AR). However, AR can be temporally induced, and the possibility that this causes transient, non-inherited CS, has not been addressed. Mutational acquisition of ciprofloxacin resistance leads to robust CS to tobramycin in pre-existing antibiotic-resistant mutants of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Further, the strength of this phenotype is higher when nfxB mutants, over-producing the efflux pump MexCD-OprJ, are selected. Here, we induce transient nfxB-mediated ciprofloxacin resistance by using the antiseptic dequalinium chloride. Notably, non-inherited induction of AR renders transient tobramycin CS in the analyzed antibiotic-resistant mutants and clinical isolates, including tobramycin-resistant isolates. Further, by combining tobramycin with dequalinium chloride we drive these strains to extinction. Our results support that transient CS could allow the design of new evolutionary strategies to tackle antibiotic-resistant infections, avoiding the acquisition of AR mutations on which inherited CS depends.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Pablo Laborda
- Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, CSIC, 28049, Madrid, Spain
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, 2800, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Microbiology 9301, Rigshospitalet, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
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13
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Hernando-Amado S, López-Causapé C, Laborda P, Sanz-García F, Oliver A, Martínez JL. Rapid Phenotypic Convergence towards Collateral Sensitivity in Clinical Isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa Presenting Different Genomic Backgrounds. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0227622. [PMID: 36533961 PMCID: PMC9927454 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.02276-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Collateral sensitivity (CS) is an evolutionary trade-off by which acquisition of resistance to an antibiotic leads to increased susceptibility to another. This Achilles' heel of antibiotic resistance could be exploited to design evolution-based strategies for treating bacterial infections. To date, most studies in the field have focused on the identification of CS patterns in model strains. However, one of the main requirements for the clinical application of this trade-off is that it must be robust and has to emerge in different genomic backgrounds, including preexisting drug-resistant isolates, since infections are frequently caused by pathogens already resistant to antibiotics. Here, we report the first analysis of CS robustness in clinical strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa presenting different ab initio mutational resistomes. We identified a robust CS pattern associated with short-term evolution in the presence of ciprofloxacin of clinical P. aeruginosa isolates, including representatives of high-risk epidemic clones belonging to sequence type (ST) 111, ST175, and ST244. We observed the acquisition of different ciprofloxacin resistance mutations in strains presenting varied STs and different preexisting mutational resistomes. Importantly, despite these genetic differences, the use of ciprofloxacin led to a robust CS to aztreonam and tobramycin. In addition, we describe the possible application of this evolutionary trade-off to drive P. aeruginosa infections to extinction by using the combination of ciprofloxacin-tobramycin or ciprofloxacin-aztreonam. Our results support the notion that the identification of robust patterns of CS may establish the basis for developing evolution-informed treatment strategies to tackle bacterial infections, including those due to antibiotic-resistant pathogens. IMPORTANCE Collateral sensitivity (CS) is a trade-off of antibiotic resistance evolution that could be exploited to design strategies for treating bacterial infections. Clinical application of CS requires it to robustly emerge in different genomic backgrounds. In this study, we performed an analysis to identify robust patterns of CS associated with the use of ciprofloxacin in clinical isolates of P. aeruginosa presenting different mutational resistomes and including high-risk epidemic clones (ST111, ST175, and ST244). We demonstrate the robustness of CS to tobramycin and aztreonam and the potential application of this evolutionary observation to drive P. aeruginosa infections to extinction. Our results support the notion that the identification of robust CS patterns may establish the basis for developing evolutionary strategies to tackle bacterial infections, including those due to antibiotic-resistant pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Carla López-Causapé
- Servicio de Microbiología, Hospital Universitario Son Espases, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Illes Balears, CIBERINFEC, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Pablo Laborda
- Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Fernando Sanz-García
- Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, CSIC, Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Microbiología, Medicina Preventiva y Salud Pública, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Antonio Oliver
- Servicio de Microbiología, Hospital Universitario Son Espases, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Illes Balears, CIBERINFEC, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
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14
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Coppola D, Buonocore C, Palisse M, Tedesco P, de Pascale D. Exploring Oceans for Curative Compounds: Potential New Antimicrobial and Anti-Virulence Molecules against Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Mar Drugs 2022; 21:md21010009. [PMID: 36662182 PMCID: PMC9865402 DOI: 10.3390/md21010009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Although several antibiotics are already widely used against a large number of pathogens, the discovery of new antimicrobial compounds with new mechanisms of action is critical today in order to overcome the spreading of antimicrobial resistance among pathogen bacteria. In this regard, marine organisms represent a potential source of a wide diversity of unique secondary metabolites produced as an adaptation strategy to survive in competitive and hostile environments. Among the multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacteria, Pseudomonas aeruginosa is undoubtedly one of the most important species due to its high intrinsic resistance to different classes of antibiotics on the market and its ability to cause serious therapeutic problems. In the present review, we first discuss the general mechanisms involved in the antibiotic resistance of P. aeruginosa. Subsequently, we list the marine molecules identified up until now showing activity against P. aeruginosa, dividing them according to whether they act as antimicrobial or anti-virulence compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Coppola
- Department of Ecosustainable Marine Biotechnology, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Via Ammiraglio Ferdinando Acton 55, 80133 Naples, Italy
- Correspondence: (D.C.); (D.d.P.)
| | - Carmine Buonocore
- Department of Ecosustainable Marine Biotechnology, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Via Ammiraglio Ferdinando Acton 55, 80133 Naples, Italy
| | - Morgan Palisse
- Département des Sciences de la Vie et de la Terre, Université de Caen Normandie, Boulevard Maréchal Juin CS, CEDEX, 14032 Caen, France
| | - Pietro Tedesco
- Department of Ecosustainable Marine Biotechnology, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Via Ammiraglio Ferdinando Acton 55, 80133 Naples, Italy
| | - Donatella de Pascale
- Department of Ecosustainable Marine Biotechnology, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Via Ammiraglio Ferdinando Acton 55, 80133 Naples, Italy
- Correspondence: (D.C.); (D.d.P.)
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15
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Shariati A, Arshadi M, Khosrojerdi MA, Abedinzadeh M, Ganjalishahi M, Maleki A, Heidary M, Khoshnood S. The resistance mechanisms of bacteria against ciprofloxacin and new approaches for enhancing the efficacy of this antibiotic. Front Public Health 2022; 10:1025633. [PMID: 36620240 PMCID: PMC9815622 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.1025633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
For around three decades, the fluoroquinolone (FQ) antibiotic ciprofloxacin has been used to treat a range of diseases, including chronic otorrhea, endocarditis, lower respiratory tract, gastrointestinal, skin and soft tissue, and urinary tract infections. Ciprofloxacin's main mode of action is to stop DNA replication by blocking the A subunit of DNA gyrase and having an extra impact on the substances in cell walls. Available in intravenous and oral formulations, ciprofloxacin reaches therapeutic concentrations in the majority of tissues and bodily fluids with a low possibility for side effects. Despite the outstanding qualities of this antibiotic, Salmonella typhi, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa have all shown an increase in ciprofloxacin resistance over time. The rise of infections that are resistant to ciprofloxacin shows that new pharmacological synergisms and derivatives are required. To this end, ciprofloxacin may be more effective against the biofilm community of microorganisms and multi-drug resistant isolates when combined with a variety of antibacterial agents, such as antibiotics from various classes, nanoparticles, natural products, bacteriophages, and photodynamic therapy. This review focuses on the resistance mechanisms of bacteria against ciprofloxacin and new approaches for enhancing its efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aref Shariati
- Molecular and Medicine Research Center, Khomein University of Medical Sciences, Khomein, Iran
| | - Maniya Arshadi
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Health Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran,Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | | | - Mostafa Abedinzadeh
- Student Research Committee, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevar, Iran
| | - Mahsa Ganjalishahi
- Student Research Committee, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevar, Iran
| | - Abbas Maleki
- Clinical Microbiology Research Center, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
| | - Mohsen Heidary
- Department of Laboratory Sciences, School of Paramedical Sciences, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevar, Iran,Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevar, Iran,*Correspondence: Mohsen Heidary
| | - Saeed Khoshnood
- Clinical Microbiology Research Center, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran,Student Research Committee, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran,Saeed Khoshnood
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16
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Parallel Evolution to Elucidate the Contributions of PA0625 and parE to Ciprofloxacin Sensitivity in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Microorganisms 2022; 11:microorganisms11010013. [PMID: 36677304 PMCID: PMC9860795 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11010013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2022] [Revised: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a ubiquitous pathogen that causes a wide range of acute and chronic infections. Ciprofloxacin, one of the first-line fluoroquinolone class antibiotics, is commonly used for the treatment of P. aeruginosa infections. However, ciprofloxacin-resistant P. aeruginosa is increasingly reported worldwide, making treatment difficult. To determine resistance-related mutations, we conducted an experimental evolution using a previously identified ciprofloxacin-resistant P. aeruginosa clinical isolate, CRP42. The evolved mutants could tolerate a 512-fold higher concentration of ciprofloxacin than CRP42. Genomic DNA reference mapping was performed, which revealed mutations in genes known to be associated with ciprofloxacin resistance as well as in those not previously linked to ciprofloxacin resistance, including the ParER586W substitution and PA0625 frameshift insertion. Simulation of the ParER586W substitution and PA0625 frameshift insertion by gene editing in CRP42 and the model strain PAO1 demonstrated that while the PA0625 mutation does contribute to resistance, mutation in the ParER586W does not contribute to resistance but rather affects tolerance against ciprofloxacin. These findings advance our understanding of ciprofloxacin resistance in P. aeruginosa.
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17
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Yasir M, Karim AM, Malik SK, Bajaffer AA, Azhar EI. Application of Decision-Tree-Based Machine Learning Algorithms for Prediction of Antimicrobial Resistance. Antibiotics (Basel) 2022; 11:1593. [PMID: 36421237 PMCID: PMC9686960 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11111593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Revised: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Timely and efficacious antibiotic treatment depends on precise and quick in silico antimicrobial-resistance predictions. Limited treatment choices due to antimicrobial resistance (AMR) highlight the necessity to optimize the available diagnostics. AMR can be explicitly anticipated on the basis of genome sequence. In this study, we used transcriptomes of 410 multidrug-resistant isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. We trained 10 machine learning (ML) classifiers on the basis of data on gene expression (GEXP) information and generated predictive models for meropenem, ciprofloxacin, and ceftazidime drugs. Among all the used ML models, four models showed high F1-score, accuracy, precision, and specificity compared with the other models. However, RandomForestClassifier showed a moderate F1-score (0.6), precision (0.61), and specificity (0.625) for ciprofloxacin. In the case of ceftazidime, RidgeClassifier performed well and showed F1-score (0.652), precision (0.654), and specificity (0.652) values. For meropenem, KNeighborsClassifier exhibited moderate F1-score (0.629), precision (0.629), and specificity (0.629). Among these three antibiotics, GEXP data on meropenem and ceftazidime improved diagnostic performance. The findings will pave the way for the establishment of a resistance profiling tool that can predict AMR on the basis of transcriptomic markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Yasir
- Special Infectious Agents Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Asad Mustafa Karim
- Graduate School of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Republic of Korea
| | - Sumera Kausar Malik
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, The University of Suwon, Hwaseong 18323, Republic of Korea
| | - Amal A. Bajaffer
- Special Infectious Agents Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Esam I. Azhar
- Special Infectious Agents Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
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18
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López M, Rojo-Bezares B, Chichón G, Sáenz Y. Resistance to Fluoroquinolones in Pseudomonas aeruginosa from Human, Animal, Food and Environmental Origin: The Role of CrpP and Mobilizable ICEs. Antibiotics (Basel) 2022; 11:antibiotics11091271. [PMID: 36140050 PMCID: PMC9495688 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11091271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Revised: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Fluoroquinolone resistance and the associated genetic mechanisms were assessed by antimicrobial susceptibility and whole genome sequencing in 56 Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains from human, animal, food and environmental origins. P. aeruginosa PAO1, PA7 and PA14 reference strains were also included in the study. Twenty-two strains (37%) were resistant to, at least, one fluoroquinolone agent. Correlation between the number of changes in GyrA and ParC proteins and the level of fluoroquinolone resistance was observed. Mutations or absence of genes, such as mexZ, mvaT and nalD encoding efflux pumps regulators, were also found in resistant strains. The crpP gene was detected in 43 strains (72.9%; 17 of them non-clinical strains), and coded seven different CrpP variants, including a novel one (CrpP-7). The crpP gene was located in 23 different chromosomal mobile integrative and conjugative elements (ICEs), inserted in two tRNAs integration sites. A great variety of structures was detected in the crpP-ICEs elements, e.g., the fimbriae related cup clusters, the mercury resistance mer operon, the pyocin S5 or S8 bacteriocin encoding genes, and mobilization genes. The location of crpP-like genes in mobilizable ICEs and linked to heavy metal resistance and virulence factors is of significant concern in P. aeruginosa. This work provides a genetic explanation of the fluoroquinolone resistance and crpP-associated pathogenesis of P. aeruginosa from a One-Health approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- María López
- Correspondence: (M.L.); (B.R.-B.); (Y.S.); Tel./Fax: +34-941-27-88-68
| | | | | | - Yolanda Sáenz
- Correspondence: (M.L.); (B.R.-B.); (Y.S.); Tel./Fax: +34-941-27-88-68
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19
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Molecular Evolution of the Pseudomonas aeruginosa DNA Gyrase gyrA Gene. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10081660. [PMID: 36014079 PMCID: PMC9415716 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10081660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
DNA gyrase plays important roles in genome replication in various bacteria, including Pseudomonasaeruginosa. The gyrA gene encodes the gyrase subunit A protein (GyrA). Mutations in GyrA are associated with resistance to quinolone-based antibiotics. We performed a detailed molecular evolutionary analyses of the gyrA gene and associated resistance to the quinolone drug, ciprofloxacin, using bioinformatics techniques. We produced an evolutionary phylogenetic tree using the Bayesian Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) method. This tree indicated that a common ancestor of the gene was present over 760 years ago, and the offspring formed multiple clusters. Quinolone drug-resistance-associated amino-acid substitutions in GyrA, including T83I and D87N, emerged after the drug was used clinically. These substitutions appeared to be positive selection sites. The molecular affinity between ciprofloxacin and the GyrA protein containing T83I and/or D87N decreased significantly compared to that between the drug and GyrA protein, with no substitutions. The rate of evolution of the gene before quinolone drugs were first used in the clinic, in 1962, was significantly lower than that after the drug was used. These results suggest that the gyrA gene evolved to permit the bacterium to overcome quinolone treatment.
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Wang M, Deng Z, Li Y, Xu K, Ma Y, Yang ST, Wang J. Antibiofilm property and multiple action of peptide PEW300 against Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:963292. [PMID: 35966656 PMCID: PMC9372277 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.963292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa), an opportunistic pathogen, is often associated with difficulties in treating hospital-acquired infections. Biofilms formed by P. aeruginosa significantly improve its resistance to antimicrobial agents, thereby, posing a great challenge to the combat of P. aeruginosa infection. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) have recently emerged as promising antibiofilm agents and increasingly attracting the attention of scientists worldwide. However, current knowledge of their antibiofilm behavior is limited and their underlying mechanism remains unclear. In this study, a novel AMP, named PEW300, with three-point mutations (E9H, D17K, and T33A) from Cecropin A was used to investigate its antibiofilm property and antibiofilm pathway against P. aeruginosa. PEW300 displayed strong antibacterial and antibiofilm activity against P. aeruginosa with no significant hemolysis or cytotoxicity to mouse erythrocyte and human embryonic kidney 293 cells. Besides, the antibiofilm pathway results showed that PEW300 preferentially dispersed the mature biofilm, leading to the biofilm-encapsulated bacteria exposure and death. Meanwhile, we also found that the extracellular DNA was a critical target of PEW300 against the mature biofilm of P. aeruginosa. In addition, multiple actions of PEW300 including destroying the cell membrane integrity, inducing high levels of intracellular reactive oxygen species, and interacting with genomic DNA were adopted to exert its antibacterial activity. Moreover, PEW300 could dramatically reduce the virulence of P. aeruginosa. Taken together, PEW300 might be served as a promising antibiofilm candidate to combat P. aeruginosa biofilms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Wang
- School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zifeng Deng
- School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yanmei Li
- School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Keyong Xu
- Kaiping Healthwise Health Food Co., Ltd, Kaiping, China
| | - Yi Ma
- School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Fermentation and Enzyme Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shang-Tian Yang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Jufang Wang
- School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Fermentation and Enzyme Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Jufang Wang,
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El-Badawy MF, Eed EM, Sleem AS, El-Sheikh AAK, Maghrabi IA, Abdelwahab SF. The First Saudi Report of Novel and Common Mutations in the gyrA and parC Genes Among Pseudomonas Spp. Clinical Isolates Recovered from Taif Area. Infect Drug Resist 2022; 15:3801-3814. [PMID: 35875614 PMCID: PMC9300750 DOI: 10.2147/idr.s372027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Aims Reports examine quinolone resistance mechanisms among Pseudomonas spp. are sporadic in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA). We previously examined the genetic bases of plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance among Pseudomonas spp. clinical isolates. This study investigated chromosomally mediated quinolone resistance mechanisms via investigation of the mutations in the gyrA and parC genes. Methods The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) to different quinolones was determined. Twenty-nine quinolone resistant Pseudomonas spp. clinical isolates were included. The gyrA and parC genes were sequenced by Sanger capillary electrophoresis. Multiple sequence alignment for the translated gyrA and parC genes was performed to identify mutation sites. Results Of the 29 isolates, 27 isolates were P. aeruginosa and two were P. putida. The cluster analysis of the quinolone susceptibility pattern revealed seven susceptibility phenotypes (A-G) based on susceptibility patterns rather than the MIC values. Also, 22 different susceptibility phenotypes were detected based on MIC values. All isolates exhibited a missense mutation at position 83 (S83I/T/F) of the gyrA gene in addition to six missense mutations at positions outside the QRDR of this gene. In addition, 82.8% (24/29) of the isolates harbored a missense mutation in the parC gene at position 87 (S87L), along with six novel mutations outside the QRDR of the parC gene. Haplotyping of the gyrA, parC, and the overall QRDR revealed six, 10, and 13 different haplotypes, respectively. Conclusion This study documents the incidence of the commonly reported mutations in the gyrA and parC genes in addition to novel mutations in these genes among Pseudomonas spp. clinical isolates recovered from KSA. Together with our previous findings, these data provide an insight into the genetic background of quinolone resistance among Pseudomonas spp. clinical isolates in KSA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed F El-Badawy
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Sadat City, Sadat City, Menoufia, 32897, Egypt
| | - Emad M Eed
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, Taif, 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Asmaa S Sleem
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Menoufia, 32511, Egypt
| | - Azza A K El-Sheikh
- Basic Health Sciences Department, College of Medicine, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ibrahim A Maghrabi
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taif University, Taif, 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sayed F Abdelwahab
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taif University, Taif, 21944, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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Thacharodi A, Lamont IL. Aminoglycoside resistance in Pseudomonas aeruginosa: the contribution of the MexXY-OprM efflux pump varies between isolates. J Med Microbiol 2022; 71. [PMID: 35708991 DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.001551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction. Aminoglycoside antibiotics are widely used to treat infections of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The MexXY-OprM efflux pump is an important contributor to aminoglycoside tolerance in P. aeruginosa reference strains and expression of the mexXY genes is repressed by the MexZ repressor protein. Direct investigation of the role of this efflux pump in clinical isolates is relatively limited.Hypothesis. The contribution of MexXY-OprM to P. aeruginosa aminoglycoside resistance is isolate-specific.Aim. To quantify the role of MexXY-OprM and its repressor, MexZ, in clinical isolates of P. aeruginosa. Methodology. The mexXY genes were deleted from ten clinical isolates of P. aeruginosa, and the mexZ gene from nine isolates. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was carried out for commonly used antipseudomonal drugs on the engineered mutants and the isogenic wild-type isolates. RT-qPCR was used to measure expression of the mexX gene.Results. All but one of the mexXY mutants were more susceptible to the clinically used aminoglycosides tobramycin, gentamicin and amikacin but the degree to which susceptibility increased varied greatly between isolates. The mexXY mutants were also more susceptible to a fluoroquinolone, ciprofloxacin. In three isolates with functional MexZ, deletion of mexZ increased expression of mexXY and aminoglycoside tolerance. Conversely, deleting mexZ from six clinical isolates with mexZ sequence variants had little or no effect on expression of mexXY or on aminoglycoside susceptibility, consistent with the variants abolishing MexZ function. Genome analysis showed that over 50 % of 619 clinical isolates had sequence variants predicted to reduce the affinity of MexZ for DNA, likely increasing mexXY expression and hence efflux of aminoglycosides.Conclusion. Our findings show that the interplay between MexXY, MexZ and the level of mexXY expression plays an important role in aminoglycoside resistance in clinical isolates of P. aeruginosa but the magnitude of the contribution of this efflux pump to resistance is isolate-specific.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aswin Thacharodi
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Iain L Lamont
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
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Evaluation of a Conformationally Constrained Indole Carboxamide as a Potential Efflux Pump Inhibitor in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Antibiotics (Basel) 2022; 11:antibiotics11060716. [PMID: 35740123 PMCID: PMC9220351 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11060716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Revised: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Efflux pumps in Gram-negative bacteria such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa provide intrinsic antimicrobial resistance by facilitating the extrusion of a wide range of antimicrobials. Approaches for combating efflux-mediated multidrug resistance involve, in part, developing indirect antimicrobial agents capable of inhibiting efflux, thus rescuing the activity of antimicrobials previously rendered inactive by efflux. Herein, TXA09155 is presented as a novel efflux pump inhibitor (EPI) formed by conformationally constraining our previously reported EPI TXA01182. TXA09155 demonstrates strong potentiation in combination with multiple antibiotics with efflux liabilities against wild-type and multidrug-resistant (MDR) P. aeruginosa. At 6.25 µg/mL, TXA09155, showed ≥8-fold potentiation of levofloxacin, moxifloxacin, doxycycline, minocycline, cefpirome, chloramphenicol, and cotrimoxazole. Several biophysical and genetic studies rule out membrane disruption and support efflux inhibition as the mechanism of action (MOA) of TXA09155. TXA09155 was determined to lower the frequency of resistance (FoR) to levofloxacin and enhance the killing kinetics of moxifloxacin. Most importantly, TXA09155 outperformed the levofloxacin-potentiation activity of EPIs TXA01182 and MC-04,124 against a CDC/FDA panel of MDR clinical isolates of P. aeruginosa. TXA09155 possesses favorable physiochemical and ADME properties that warrant its optimization and further development.
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Imipenem/Relebactam Resistance in Clinical Isolates of Extensively Drug Resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa: Inhibitor-Resistant β-Lactamases and Their Increasing Importance. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2022; 66:e0179021. [PMID: 35435707 DOI: 10.1128/aac.01790-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Multidrug-resistant (MDR) Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections are a major clinical challenge. Many isolates are carbapenem resistant, which severely limits treatment options; thus, novel therapeutic combinations, such as imipenem-relebactam (IMI/REL), ceftazidime-avibactam (CAZ/AVI), ceftolozane-tazobactam (TOL/TAZO), and meropenem-vaborbactam (MEM/VAB) were developed. Here, we studied two extensively drug-resistant (XDR) P. aeruginosa isolates, collected in the United States and Mexico, that demonstrated resistance to IMI/REL. Whole-genome sequencing (WGS) showed that both isolates contained acquired GES β-lactamases, intrinsic PDC and OXA β-lactamases, and disruptions in the genes encoding the OprD porin, thereby inhibiting uptake of carbapenems. In one isolate (ST17), the entire C terminus of OprD deviated from the expected amino acid sequence after amino acid G388. In the other (ST309), the entire oprD gene was interrupted by an ISPa1328 insertion element after amino acid D43, rendering this porin nonfunctional. The poor inhibition by REL of the GES β-lactamases (GES-2, -19, and -20; apparent Ki of 19 ± 2 μM, 23 ± 2 μM, and 21 ± 2 μM, respectively) within the isolates also contributed to the observed IMI/REL-resistant phenotype. Modeling of REL binding to the active site of GES-20 suggested that the acylated REL is positioned in an unstable conformation as a result of a constrained Ω-loop.
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Mutational background influences P. aeruginosa ciprofloxacin resistance evolution but preserves collateral sensitivity robustness. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2109370119. [PMID: 35385351 PMCID: PMC9169633 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2109370119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacterial adaptation to the presence of an antibiotic often involves evolutionary trade-offs, such as increased susceptibility to other drugs (collateral sensitivity). Its exploitation to design improved therapeutic strategies is only feasible if collateral sensitivity is robust, reproducible, and emerges in resistant mutants; these issues are rarely addressed in available publications. We describe a robust collateral sensitivity phenotype that emerges in different antibiotic-resistance mutational backgrounds, due to different genetic events, and propose therapeutic strategies effective for treating infections caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa antibiotic-resistant mutants. Since conserved collateral sensitivity phenotypes do not confer adaptation to the presence of antibiotics, our results are also relevant for understanding convergent evolution processes in which the force selecting the emerging phenotype remains unclear. Collateral sensitivity is an evolutionary trade-off whereby acquisition of the adaptive phenotype of resistance to an antibiotic leads to the nonadaptive increased susceptibility to another. The feasibility of harnessing such a trade-off to design evolutionary-based approaches for treating bacterial infections has been studied using model strains. However, clinical application of collateral sensitivity requires its conservation among strains presenting different mutational backgrounds. Particularly relevant is studying collateral sensitivity robustness of already-antibiotic-resistant mutants when challenged with a new antimicrobial, a common situation in clinics that has hardly been addressed. We submitted a set of diverse Pseudomonas aeruginosa antibiotic-resistant mutants to short-term evolution in the presence of different antimicrobials. Ciprofloxacin selects different clinically relevant resistance mutations in the preexisting resistant mutants, which gave rise to the same, robust, collateral sensitivity to aztreonam and tobramycin. We then experimentally determined that alternation of ciprofloxacin with aztreonam is more efficient than ciprofloxacin–tobramycin alternation in driving the extinction of the analyzed antibiotic-resistant mutants. Also, we show that the combinations ciprofloxacin–aztreonam or ciprofloxacin–tobramycin are the most effective strategies for eliminating the tested P. aeruginosa antibiotic-resistant mutants. These findings support that the identification of conserved collateral sensitivity patterns may guide the design of evolution-based strategies to treat bacterial infections, including those due to antibiotic-resistant mutants. Besides, this is an example of phenotypic convergence in the absence of parallel evolution that, beyond the antibiotic-resistance field, could facilitate the understanding of evolution processes, where the selective forces giving rise to new, not clearly adaptive phenotypes remain unclear.
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Discovery of Marine Natural Products as Promising Antibiotics against Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Mar Drugs 2022; 20:md20030192. [PMID: 35323491 PMCID: PMC8954164 DOI: 10.3390/md20030192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Revised: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa, one of the most intractable Gram-negative bacteria, has become a public health threat due to its outer polysaccharide layer, efflux transporter system, and high level of biofilm formation, all of which contribute to multi-drug resistance. Even though it is a pathogen of the highest concern, the status of the antibiotic development pipeline is unsatisfactory. In this review, we summarize marine natural products (MNPs) isolated from marine plants, animals, and microorganisms which possess unique structures and promising antibiotic activities against P. aeruginosa. In the last decade, nearly 80 such MNPs, ranging from polyketides to alkaloids, peptides, and terpenoids, have been discovered. Representative compounds exhibited impressive in vitro anti-P. aeruginosa activities with MIC values in the single-digit nanomolar range and in vivo efficacy in infectious mouse models. For some of the compounds, the preliminary structure-activity-relationship (SAR) and anti-bacterial mechanisms of selected compounds were introduced. Compounds that can disrupt biofilm formation or membrane integrity displayed potent inhibition of multi-resistant clinical P. aeruginosa isolates and could be considered as lead compounds for future development. Challenges on how to translate hits into useful candidates for clinical development are also proposed and discussed.
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Onorato L, Monari C, Capuano S, Grimaldi P, Coppola N. Prevalence and Therapeutic Management of Infections by Multi-Drug-Resistant Organisms (MDROs) in Patients with Liver Cirrhosis: A Narrative Review. Antibiotics (Basel) 2022; 11:232. [PMID: 35203834 PMCID: PMC8868525 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11020232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2022] [Revised: 02/06/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacterial infections are common events that significantly impact the clinical course of patients with cirrhosis. As in the general population, infections caused by multi-drug-resistant organisms (MDROs) are progressively increasing in cirrhotic patients, accounting for up to 30-35% of all infections. Nosocomial acquisition and prior exposure to antimicrobial treatment or invasive procedures are well-known risk factors for MDRO infections. Several studies have demonstrated that infections due to MDROs have a poorer prognosis and higher rates of treatment failure, septic shock, and hospital mortality. Due to the increasing rate of antimicrobial resistance, the approach to empirical treatment in cirrhotic patients with life-threatening infections has become significantly more challenging. In order to ensure a prompt administration of effective antibiotic therapy while avoiding unnecessary antibiotic exposure at the same time, it is of utmost importance to choose the correct antimicrobial therapy and administration schedule based on individual clinical characteristics and risk factors and rapidly adopt de-escalation strategies as soon as microbiological data are available. In the present paper, we aimed to provide an overview of the most frequent infections diagnosed in cirrhotic patients, the prevalence and impact of antimicrobial resistance, and potential therapeutic options in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Nicola Coppola
- Department of Mental Health and Public Medicine, Section of Infectious Diseases, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, 80138 Naples, Italy; (L.O.); (C.M.); (S.C.); (P.G.)
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Laborda P, Hernando-Amado S, Martínez JL, Sanz-García F. Antibiotic Resistance in Pseudomonas. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2022; 1386:117-143. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-08491-1_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Evaluation of Heterocyclic Carboxamides as Potential Efflux Pump Inhibitors in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Antibiotics (Basel) 2021; 11:antibiotics11010030. [PMID: 35052908 PMCID: PMC8772707 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11010030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Revised: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The ability to rescue the activity of antimicrobials that are no longer effective against bacterial pathogens such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an attractive strategy to combat antimicrobial drug resistance. Herein, novel efflux pump inhibitors (EPIs) demonstrating strong potentiation in combination with levofloxacin against wild-type P. aeruginosa ATCC 27853 are presented. A structure activity relationship of aryl substituted heterocyclic carboxamides containing a pentane diamine side chain is described. Out of several classes of fused heterocyclic carboxamides, aryl indole carboxamide compound 6j (TXA01182) at 6.25 µg/mL showed 8-fold potentiation of levofloxacin. TXA01182 was found to have equally synergistic activities with other antimicrobial classes (monobactam, fluoroquinolones, sulfonamide and tetracyclines) against P. aeruginosa. Several biophysical and genetic studies rule out membrane disruption and support efflux inhibition as the mechanism of action (MOA) of TXA01182. TXA01182 was determined to lower the frequency of resistance (FoR) of the partner antimicrobials and enhance the killing kinetics of levofloxacin. Furthermore, TXA01182 demonstrated a synergistic effect with levofloxacin against several multidrug resistant P. aeruginosa clinical isolates.
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Zhu D, Chen F, Chen YC, Peng H, Wang KJ. The Long-Term Effect of a Nine Amino-Acid Antimicrobial Peptide AS-hepc3 (48-56) Against Pseudomonas aeruginosa With No Detectable Resistance. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2021; 11:752637. [PMID: 34676176 PMCID: PMC8523948 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.752637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The emergence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) pathogens has become a global public health crisis. Among them, MDR Pseudomonas aeruginosa is the main cause of nosocomial infections and deaths. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are considered as competitive drug candidates to address this threat. In the study, we characterized two AMPs (AS-hepc3(41-71) and AS-hepc3(48-56)) that had potent activity against 5 new clinical isolates of MDR P. aeruginosa. Both AMPs destroyed the integrity of the cell membrane, induced leakage of intracellular components, and ultimately led to cell death. A long-term comparative study on the bacterial resistance treated with AS-hepc3(41-71), AS-hepc3(48-56) and 12 commonly used antibiotics showed that P. aeruginosa quickly developed resistance to the nine antibiotics tested (including aztreonam, ceftazidime, cefepime, imipenem, meropenem, ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin, gentamicin, and piperacillin) as early as 12 days after 150 days of successive culture generations. The initial effective concentration of 9 antibiotics against P. aeruginosa was greatly increased to a different high level at 150 days, however, both AS-hepc3(41-71) and AS-hepc3(48-56) maintained their initial MIC unchangeable through 150 days, indicating that P. aeruginosa did not produce any significant resistance to both AMPs. Furthermore, AS-hepc3(48-56) did not show any toxic effect on mammalian cells in vitro and mice in vivo. AS-hepc3(48-56) had a therapeutic effect on MDR P. aeruginosa infection using a mouse lung infection model and could effectively increase the survival rate of mice by inhibiting bacterial proliferation and attenuating lung inflammation. Taken together, the short peptide AS-hepc3(48-56) would be a promising agent for clinical treatment of MDR P. aeruginosa infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Depeng Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Fangyi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.,State-Province Joint Engineering Laboratory of Marine Bioproducts and Technology, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.,Fujian Innovation Research Institute for Marine Biological Antimicrobial Peptide Industrial Technology, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Yan-Chao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Hui Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.,State-Province Joint Engineering Laboratory of Marine Bioproducts and Technology, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.,Fujian Innovation Research Institute for Marine Biological Antimicrobial Peptide Industrial Technology, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Ke-Jian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.,State-Province Joint Engineering Laboratory of Marine Bioproducts and Technology, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.,Fujian Innovation Research Institute for Marine Biological Antimicrobial Peptide Industrial Technology, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
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Which missense mutations associated with DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV are involved in Pseudomonas aeruginosa clinical isolates resistance to ciprofloxacin in Ardabil? GENE REPORTS 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.genrep.2021.101211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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32
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De Smet J, Wagemans J, Boon M, Ceyssens PJ, Voet M, Noben JP, Andreeva J, Ghilarov D, Severinov K, Lavigne R. The bacteriophage LUZ24 "Igy" peptide inhibits the Pseudomonas DNA gyrase. Cell Rep 2021; 36:109567. [PMID: 34433028 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.109567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Revised: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The bacterial DNA gyrase complex (GyrA/GyrB) plays a crucial role during DNA replication and serves as a target for multiple antibiotics, including the fluoroquinolones. Despite it being a valuable antibiotics target, resistance emergence by pathogens including Pseudomonas aeruginosa are proving problematic. Here, we describe Igy, a peptide inhibitor of gyrase, encoded by Pseudomonas bacteriophage LUZ24 and other members of the Bruynoghevirus genus. Igy (5.6 kDa) inhibits in vitro gyrase activity and interacts with the P. aeruginosa GyrB subunit, possibly by DNA mimicry, as indicated by a de novo model of the peptide and mutagenesis. In vivo, overproduction of Igy blocks DNA replication and leads to cell death also in fluoroquinolone-resistant bacterial isolates. These data highlight the potential of discovering phage-inspired leads for antibiotics development, supported by co-evolution, as Igy may serve as a scaffold for small molecule mimicry to target the DNA gyrase complex, without cross-resistance to existing molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeroen De Smet
- Laboratory of Gene Technology, Department of Biosystems, KU Leuven, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jeroen Wagemans
- Laboratory of Gene Technology, Department of Biosystems, KU Leuven, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Maarten Boon
- Laboratory of Gene Technology, Department of Biosystems, KU Leuven, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Pieter-Jan Ceyssens
- Laboratory of Gene Technology, Department of Biosystems, KU Leuven, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Marleen Voet
- Laboratory of Gene Technology, Department of Biosystems, KU Leuven, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jean-Paul Noben
- Biomedical Research Institute and Transnational University Limburg, School of Life Sciences, Hasselt University, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Julia Andreeva
- Centre for Life Sciences, Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, 143026 Moscow, Russia
| | - Dmitry Ghilarov
- Centre for Life Sciences, Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, 143026 Moscow, Russia
| | - Konstantin Severinov
- Centre for Life Sciences, Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, 143026 Moscow, Russia; Waksman Institute for Microbiology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Rob Lavigne
- Laboratory of Gene Technology, Department of Biosystems, KU Leuven, 3001 Leuven, Belgium.
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Sanz-García F, Gil-Gil T, Laborda P, Ochoa-Sánchez LE, Martínez JL, Hernando-Amado S. Coming from the Wild: Multidrug Resistant Opportunistic Pathogens Presenting a Primary, Not Human-Linked, Environmental Habitat. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:8080. [PMID: 34360847 PMCID: PMC8347278 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22158080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Revised: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The use and misuse of antibiotics have made antibiotic-resistant bacteria widespread nowadays, constituting one of the most relevant challenges for human health at present. Among these bacteria, opportunistic pathogens with an environmental, non-clinical, primary habitat stand as an increasing matter of concern at hospitals. These organisms usually present low susceptibility to antibiotics currently used for therapy. They are also proficient in acquiring increased resistance levels, a situation that limits the therapeutic options for treating the infections they cause. In this article, we analyse the most predominant opportunistic pathogens with an environmental origin, focusing on the mechanisms of antibiotic resistance they present. Further, we discuss the functions, beyond antibiotic resistance, that these determinants may have in the natural ecosystems that these bacteria usually colonize. Given the capacity of these organisms for colonizing different habitats, from clinical settings to natural environments, and for infecting different hosts, from plants to humans, deciphering their population structure, their mechanisms of resistance and the role that these mechanisms may play in natural ecosystems is of relevance for understanding the dissemination of antibiotic resistance under a One-Health point of view.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - José L. Martínez
- Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, CSIC, 28049 Madrid, Spain; (F.S.-G.); (T.G.-G.); (P.L.); (L.E.O.-S.); (S.H.-A.)
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Dettman JR, Kassen R. Evolutionary Genomics of Niche-Specific Adaptation to the Cystic Fibrosis Lung in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Mol Biol Evol 2021; 38:663-675. [PMID: 32898270 PMCID: PMC7826180 DOI: 10.1093/molbev/msaa226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The comparative genomics of the transition of the opportunistic pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa from a free-living environmental strain to one that causes chronic infection in the airways of cystic fibrosis (CF) patients remain poorly studied. Chronic infections are thought to originate from colonization by a single strain sampled from a diverse, globally distributed population, followed by adaptive evolution to the novel, stressful conditions of the CF lung. However, we do not know whether certain clades are more likely to form chronic infections than others and we lack a comprehensive view of the suite of genes under positive selection in the CF lung. We analyzed whole-genome sequence data from 1,000 P. aeruginosa strains with diverse ecological provenances including the CF lung. CF isolates were distributed across the phylogeny, indicating little genetic predisposition for any one clade to cause chronic infection. Isolates from the CF niche experienced stronger positive selection on core genes than those derived from environmental or acute infection sources, consistent with recent adaptation to the lung environment. Genes with the greatest differential positive selection in the CF niche include those involved in core cellular processes such as metabolism, energy production, and stress response as well as those linked to patho-adaptive processes such as antibiotic resistance, cell wall and membrane modification, quorum sensing, biofilms, mucoidy, motility, and iron homeostasis. Many genes under CF-specific differential positive selection had regulatory functions, consistent with the idea that regulatory mutations play an important role in rapid adaptation to novel environments.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rees Kassen
- Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
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Gene-Gene Interactions Dictate Ciprofloxacin Resistance in Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Facilitate Prediction of Resistance Phenotype from Genome Sequence Data. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2021; 65:e0269620. [PMID: 33875431 DOI: 10.1128/aac.02696-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Ciprofloxacin is one of the most widely used antibiotics for treating Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections. However, P. aeruginosa acquires mutations that confer ciprofloxacin resistance, making treatment more difficult. Resistance is multifactorial, with mutations in multiple genes influencing the resistance phenotype. However, the contributions of individual mutations and mutation combinations to the amounts of ciprofloxacin that P. aeruginosa can tolerate are not well understood. Engineering P. aeruginosa strain PAO1 to contain mutations in any one of the resistance-associated genes gyrA, nfxB, rnfC, parC, and parE showed that only gyrA mutations increased the MIC for ciprofloxacin. Mutations in parC and parE increased the MIC of a gyrA mutant, making the bacteria ciprofloxacin resistant. Mutations in nfxB and rnfC increased the MIC, conferring resistance, only if both were mutated in a gyrA background. Mutations in all of gyrA, nfxB, rnfC, and parC/E further increased the MIC. These findings reveal an epistatic network of gene-gene interactions in ciprofloxacin resistance. We used this information to predict ciprofloxacin resistance/susceptibility for 274 isolates of P. aeruginosa from their genome sequences. Antibiotic susceptibility profiles were predicted correctly for 84% of the isolates. The majority of isolates for which prediction was unsuccessful were ciprofloxacin resistant, demonstrating the involvement of additional as yet unidentified genes and mutations in resistance. Our data show that gene-gene interactions can play an important role in antibiotic resistance and can be successfully incorporated into models predicting resistance phenotype.
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Nishimura S. Carbapenems: Opening Pandora's Box. Clin Infect Dis 2021; 72:2066-2067. [PMID: 32710750 DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciaa1075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Sho Nishimura
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Kobe University Hospital, Hyogo, Japan
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Al-Orphaly M, Hadi HA, Eltayeb FK, Al-Hail H, Samuel BG, Sultan AA, Skariah S. Epidemiology of Multidrug-Resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa in the Middle East and North Africa Region. mSphere 2021; 6:e00202-21. [PMID: 34011686 PMCID: PMC8265635 DOI: 10.1128/msphere.00202-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the last decades, there has been a dramatic global increase in multidrug-resistant (MDR) pathogens particularly among Gram-negative bacteria (GNB). Pseudomonas aeruginosa is responsible for various health care-associated infections, while MDR P. aeruginosa causes significant morbidity and mortality. Middle East and North Africa (MENA) represent an unexplored geographical region for the study of drug resistance since many of these countries are at crossroads of high volume of travel, diverse expatriate populations, as well as high antibiotic consumption despite attempts to implement antimicrobial stewardship programs. This minireview analyzes epidemiology, microbiological, and genomic characteristics of MDR P. aeruginosa in the MENA region. Published data on MDR P. aeruginosa prevalence, antimicrobial resistance patterns, and genetic profiles from studies published during the past 10 years from 19 MENA countries have been included in this minireview. There is wide variation in the epidemiology of MDR P. aeruginosa in the MENA region in terms of prevalence, antimicrobial characteristics, as well as genetic profiles. Overall, there is high prevalence of MDR P. aeruginosa seen in the majority of the countries in the MENA region with similarities between neighboring countries, which might reflect comparable population and antibiotic-prescribing cultures. Isolates from critical care units are significantly resistant particularly from certain countries such as Saudi Arabia, Egypt, Libya, Syria, and Lebanon with high-level resistance to cephalosporins, carbapenems, and aminoglycosides. Colistin susceptibility patterns remains high apart from countries with high-level antibiotic resistance such as Saudi Arabia, Syria, and Egypt.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmood Al-Orphaly
- Department of Medical Education, Weill Cornell Medicine - Qatar, Education City, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Hamad Abdel Hadi
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Communicable Diseases Centre, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | | | - Hissa Al-Hail
- Department of Medical Education, Weill Cornell Medicine - Qatar, Education City, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Bincy Gladson Samuel
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medicine - Qatar, Education City, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Ali A Sultan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medicine - Qatar, Education City, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Sini Skariah
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medicine - Qatar, Education City, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
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Díaz-Ríos C, Hernández M, Abad D, Álvarez-Montes L, Varsaki A, Iturbe D, Calvo J, Ocampo-Sosa AA. New Sequence Type ST3449 in Multidrug-Resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa Isolates from a Cystic Fibrosis Patient. Antibiotics (Basel) 2021; 10:antibiotics10050491. [PMID: 33922748 PMCID: PMC8146123 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics10050491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Revised: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is one of the most critical bacterial pathogens associated with chronic infections in cystic fibrosis patients. Here we show the phenotypic and genotypic characterization of five consecutive multidrug-resistant isolates of P. aeruginosa collected during a month from a CF patient with end-stage lung disease and fatal outcome. The isolates exhibited distinct colony morphologies and pigmentation and differences in their capacity to produce biofilm and virulence potential evaluated in larvae of Galleria mellonella. Whole genome-sequencing showed that isolates belonged to a novel sequence type ST3449 and serotype O6. Analysis of their resistome demonstrated the presence of genes blaOXA-396, blaPAO, aph(3')-IIb, catB, crpP and fosA and new mutations in chromosomal genes conferring resistance to different antipseudomonal antibiotics. Genes exoS, exoT, exoY, toxA, lasI, rhlI and tse1 were among the 220 virulence genes detected. The different phenotypic and genotypic features found reveal the adaptation of clone ST3449 to the CF lung environment by a number of mutations affecting genes related with biofilm formation, quorum sensing and antimicrobial resistance. Most of these mutations are commonly found in CF isolates, which may give us important clues for future development of new drug targets to combat P. aeruginosa chronic infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catalina Díaz-Ríos
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Marqués de Valdecilla (IDIVAL), 39011 Santander, Spain; (C.D.-R.); (L.Á.-M.)
| | - Marta Hernández
- Instituto Tecnológico Agrario de Castilla y León (ITACyL), 47071 Valladolid, Spain; (M.H.); (D.A.)
| | - David Abad
- Instituto Tecnológico Agrario de Castilla y León (ITACyL), 47071 Valladolid, Spain; (M.H.); (D.A.)
| | - Laura Álvarez-Montes
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Marqués de Valdecilla (IDIVAL), 39011 Santander, Spain; (C.D.-R.); (L.Á.-M.)
| | - Athanasia Varsaki
- Centro de Investigación y Formación Agraria (CIFA), 39600 Muriedas, Spain;
| | - David Iturbe
- Servicio de Neumología, Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla, 39008 Santander, Spain;
| | - Jorge Calvo
- Servicio de Microbiología, Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla, 39008 Santander, Spain;
| | - Alain A. Ocampo-Sosa
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Marqués de Valdecilla (IDIVAL), 39011 Santander, Spain; (C.D.-R.); (L.Á.-M.)
- Servicio de Microbiología, Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla, 39008 Santander, Spain;
- Correspondence:
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Langendonk RF, Neill DR, Fothergill JL. The Building Blocks of Antimicrobial Resistance in Pseudomonas aeruginosa: Implications for Current Resistance-Breaking Therapies. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2021; 11:665759. [PMID: 33937104 PMCID: PMC8085337 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.665759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
P. aeruginosa is classified as a priority one pathogen by the World Health Organisation, and new drugs are urgently needed, due to the emergence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) strains. Antimicrobial-resistant nosocomial pathogens such as P. aeruginosa pose unwavering and increasing threats. Antimicrobial stewardship has been a challenge during the COVID-19 pandemic, with a majority of those hospitalized with SARS-CoV2 infection given antibiotics as a safeguard against secondary bacterial infection. This increased usage, along with increased handling of sanitizers and disinfectants globally, may further accelerate the development and spread of cross-resistance to antibiotics. In addition, P. aeruginosa is the primary causative agent of morbidity and mortality in people with the life-shortening genetic disease cystic fibrosis (CF). Prolonged periods of selective pressure, associated with extended antibiotic treatment and the actions of host immune effectors, results in widespread adaptive and acquired resistance in P. aeruginosa found colonizing the lungs of people with CF. This review discusses the arsenal of resistance mechanisms utilized by P. aeruginosa, how these operate under high-stress environments such as the CF lung and how their interconnectedness can result in resistance to multiple antibiotic classes. Intrinsic, adaptive and acquired resistance mechanisms will be described, with a focus on how each layer of resistance can serve as a building block, contributing to multi-tiered resistance to antimicrobial activity. Recent progress in the development of anti-resistance adjuvant therapies, targeting one or more of these building blocks, should lead to novel strategies for combatting multidrug resistant P. aeruginosa. Anti-resistance adjuvant therapy holds great promise, not least because resistance against such therapeutics is predicted to be rare. The non-bactericidal nature of anti-resistance adjuvants reduce the selective pressures that drive resistance. Anti-resistance adjuvant therapy may also be advantageous in facilitating efficacious use of traditional antimicrobials, through enhanced penetration of the antibiotic into the bacterial cell. Promising anti-resistance adjuvant therapeutics and targets will be described, and key remaining challenges highlighted. As antimicrobial stewardship becomes more challenging in an era of emerging and re-emerging infectious diseases and global conflict, innovation in antibiotic adjuvant therapy can play an important role in extending the shelf-life of our existing antimicrobial therapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- R. Frèdi Langendonk
- Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Science, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
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40
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Meirelles LA, Perry EK, Bergkessel M, Newman DK. Bacterial defenses against a natural antibiotic promote collateral resilience to clinical antibiotics. PLoS Biol 2021; 19:e3001093. [PMID: 33690640 PMCID: PMC7946323 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3001093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacterial opportunistic human pathogens frequently exhibit intrinsic antibiotic tolerance and resistance, resulting in infections that can be nearly impossible to eradicate. We asked whether this recalcitrance could be driven by these organisms' evolutionary history as environmental microbes that engage in chemical warfare. Using Pseudomonas aeruginosa as a model, we demonstrate that the self-produced antibiotic pyocyanin (PYO) activates defenses that confer collateral tolerance specifically to structurally similar synthetic clinical antibiotics. Non-PYO-producing opportunistic pathogens, such as members of the Burkholderia cepacia complex, likewise display elevated antibiotic tolerance when cocultured with PYO-producing strains. Furthermore, by widening the population bottleneck that occurs during antibiotic selection and promoting the establishment of a more diverse range of mutant lineages, PYO increases apparent rates of mutation to antibiotic resistance to a degree that can rival clinically relevant hypermutator strains. Together, these results reveal an overlooked mechanism by which opportunistic pathogens that produce natural toxins can dramatically modulate the efficacy of clinical antibiotics and the evolution of antibiotic resistance, both for themselves and other members of clinically relevant polymicrobial communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas A. Meirelles
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California, United States of America
| | - Elena K. Perry
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California, United States of America
| | - Megan Bergkessel
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California, United States of America
| | - Dianne K. Newman
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California, United States of America
- Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California, United States of America
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Xu C, Liu H, Pan X, Ma Z, Wang D, Zhang X, Zhu G, Bai F, Cheng Z, Wu W, Jin Y. Mechanisms for Development of Ciprofloxacin Resistance in a Clinical Isolate of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Front Microbiol 2021; 11:598291. [PMID: 33488544 PMCID: PMC7819972 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.598291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Treatment of infections by Pseudomonas aeruginosa is difficult due to its high intrinsic and acquired antibiotic resistance. Upon colonization in the human hosts, P. aeruginosa accumulates genetic mutations that confer the bacterium antibiotic resistance and ability to better live in the host environment. Characterizing the evolutionary traits would provide important insights into the development of effective combinatory antibiotic therapies to cure P. aeruginosa infections. In this work, we performed a detailed analysis of the molecular mechanisms by which a clinical isolate (CSP18) yields a ciprofloxacin-resistant derivative (CRP42). Genomic DNA re-sequencing and RNAseq were carried out to compare the genomic mutational signature and transcriptional profiles between the two isolates. The results indicated that D87G mutation in GyrA, together with MexEF-OprN hyper-expression caused by F7S mutation in MexS, was responsible for the increased resistance to ciprofloxacin in the isolate CRP42. Further simulation of CRP42 by gene editing in CSP18 demonstrated that D87G mutation in GyrA rendered CSP18 a fourfold increase in minimum inhibitory concentration against ciprofloxacin, while F7S mutation in MexS conferred an additional eightfold increase. Our experimental results demonstrate for the first time that the clinically relevant F7S point mutation in MexS results in hyper-expression of the mexEF-oprN and thus confers P. aeruginosa resistance to ciprofloxacin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Congjuan Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology of the Ministry of Education, Department of Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Huimin Liu
- Tianjin Union Medical Center, Nankai University Affiliated Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiaolei Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology of the Ministry of Education, Department of Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhenzhen Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology of the Ministry of Education, Department of Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Dan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology of the Ministry of Education, Department of Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xinxin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology of the Ministry of Education, Department of Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Guangbo Zhu
- Tianjin Union Medical Center, Nankai University Affiliated Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Fang Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology of the Ministry of Education, Department of Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhihui Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology of the Ministry of Education, Department of Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Weihui Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology of the Ministry of Education, Department of Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yongxin Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology of the Ministry of Education, Department of Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
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Expression of the MexXY Aminoglycoside Efflux Pump and Presence of an Aminoglycoside-Modifying Enzyme in Clinical Pseudomonas aeruginosa Isolates Are Highly Correlated. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2020; 65:AAC.01166-20. [PMID: 33046496 PMCID: PMC7927871 DOI: 10.1128/aac.01166-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The impact of MexXY efflux pump expression on aminoglycoside resistance in clinical Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates has been debated. In this study, we found that, in general, elevated mexXY gene expression levels in clinical P. aeruginosa isolates confer to slight increases in aminoglycoside MIC levels; however, those levels rarely lead to clinically relevant resistance phenotypes. The main driver of resistance in the clinical isolates studied here was the acquisition of aminoglycoside-modifying enzymes (AMEs). The impact of MexXY efflux pump expression on aminoglycoside resistance in clinical Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates has been debated. In this study, we found that, in general, elevated mexXY gene expression levels in clinical P. aeruginosa isolates confer to slight increases in aminoglycoside MIC levels; however, those levels rarely lead to clinically relevant resistance phenotypes. The main driver of resistance in the clinical isolates studied here was the acquisition of aminoglycoside-modifying enzymes (AMEs). Nevertheless, acquisition of an AME was strongly associated with mexY overexpression. In line with this observation, we demonstrate that the introduction of a gentamicin acetyltransferase confers to full gentamicin resistance levels in a P. aeruginosa type strain only if the MexXY efflux pump was active. We discuss that increased mexXY activity in clinical AME-harboring P. aeruginosa isolates might affect ion fluxes at the bacterial cell membrane and thus might play a role in the establishment of enhanced fitness that extends beyond aminoglycoside resistance.
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Multifunctional Monoclonal Antibody Targeting Pseudomonas aeruginosa Keratitis in Mice. Vaccines (Basel) 2020; 8:vaccines8040638. [PMID: 33147726 PMCID: PMC7712430 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines8040638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 10/24/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
A worrisome trend in the study and treatment of infectious disease noted in recent years is the increase in multidrug resistant strains of bacteria concurrent with a scarcity of new antimicrobial agents to counteract this rise. This is particularly true amongst bacteria within the Enterococcus faecium, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Enterobacter species (ESKAPE) designation. P. aeruginosa is one of the most common causes of bacterial keratitis. Therefore, it is of vital importance to characterize new antimicrobial agents with anti-Pseudomonal activity for use with the ocular surface. MEDI3902 is a multifunctional antibody that targets the P. aeruginosa persistence factor Psl exopolysaccharide, and the type 3 secretion protein PcrV. We initially assessed this antibody for ocular surface toxicity. The antimicrobial activity of the antibody was then tested by treating mice with established P. aeruginosa keratitis with both topical and intravenous treatment modalities. MEDI3902, was shown to be non-toxic to the ocular surface of mice when given topically. It was also effective compared to the control antibody at preventing P. aeruginosa keratitis with a one-time treatment at the time of infection. Both topical and intravenous administration of MEDI3902 has been proved significant in treating established keratitis infections as well, speeding the resolution of infection significantly more than that of the control IgG. We report the first use of a topical immunotherapeutic multifunctional agent targeting Psl and type 3 secretion on the ocular surface as an antimicrobial agent. While MEDI3902 has been shown to prevent Pseudomonas biofilm formation in keratitis models when given prophylactically intravitally, we show that MEDI3902 has the capability to also treat an active infection when given intravenously to mice with Pseudomonas keratitis. Our data indicate antibodies are well tolerated and nontoxic on the ocular surface. They reduce infection in mice treated concurrently at inoculation and reduced the signs of cornea pathology in mice with established infection. Taken together, these data indicate treatment with monoclonal antibodies directed against Psl and PcrV may be clinically effective in the treatment of P. aeruginosa keratitis and suggest that the design of further antibodies to be an additional tool in the treatment of bacterial keratitis.
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Efflux Pump-Driven Antibiotic and Biocide Cross-Resistance in Pseudomonas aeruginosa Isolated from Different Ecological Niches: A Case Study in the Development of Multidrug Resistance in Environmental Hotspots. Microorganisms 2020; 8:microorganisms8111647. [PMID: 33114277 PMCID: PMC7690850 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8111647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Revised: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an opportunistic pathogen displaying high intrinsic antimicrobial resistance and the ability to thrive in different ecological environments. In this study, the ability of P. aeruginosa to develop simultaneous resistance to multiple antibiotics and disinfectants in different natural niches were investigated using strains collected from clinical samples, veterinary samples, and wastewater. The correlation between biocide and antimicrobial resistance was determined by employing principal component analysis. Molecular mechanisms linking biocide and antimicrobial resistance were interrogated by determining gene expression using RT-qPCR and identifying a potential genetic determinant for co- and cross-resistance using whole-genome sequencing. A subpopulation of P. aeruginosa isolates belonging to three sequence types was resistant against the common preservative benzalkonium chloride and showed cross-resistance to fluoroquinolones, cephalosporins, aminoglycosides, and multidrug resistance. Of these, the epidemiological high-risk ST235 clone was the most abundant. The overexpression of the MexAB-OprM drug efflux pump resulting from amino acid mutations in regulators MexR, NalC, or NalD was the major contributing factor for cross-resistance that could be reversed by an efflux pump inhibitor. This is the first comparison of antibiotic-biocide cross-resistance in samples isolated from different ecological niches and serves as a confirmation of laboratory-based studies on biocide adapted isolates. The isolates from wastewater had a higher incidence of multidrug resistance and biocide-antibiotic cross-resistance than those from clinical and veterinary settings.
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Exploration of the Neisseria Resistome Reveals Resistance Mechanisms in Commensals That May Be Acquired by N. gonorrhoeae through Horizontal Gene Transfer. Antibiotics (Basel) 2020; 9:antibiotics9100656. [PMID: 33007823 PMCID: PMC7650674 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics9100656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2020] [Revised: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Nonpathogenic Neisseria transfer mutations encoding antibiotic resistance to their pathogenic relative Neisseria gonorrhoeae. However, the resistance genotypes and subsequent phenotypes of nonpathogens within the genus have been described infrequently. Here, we characterize the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of a panel of Neisseria (n = 26)—including several commensal species—to a suite of diverse antibiotics. We furthermore use whole genome sequencing and the Comprehensive Antibiotic Resistance Database Resistance Gene Identifier (RGI) platform to predict putative resistance-encoding mutations. Resistant isolates to all tested antimicrobials including penicillin (n = 5/26), ceftriaxone (n = 2/26), cefixime (n = 3/26), tetracycline (n = 10/26), azithromycin (n = 11/26), and ciprofloxacin (n = 4/26) were found. In total, 63 distinct mutations were predicted by RGI to be involved in resistance. The presence of several mutations had clear associations with increased MIC such as DNA gyrase subunit A (gyrA) (S91F) and ciprofloxacin, tetracycline resistance protein (tetM) and 30S ribosomal protein S10 (rpsJ) (V57M) and tetracycline, and TEM-type β-lactamases and penicillin. However, mutations with strong associations to macrolide and cephalosporin resistance were not conclusive. This work serves as an initial exploration into the resistance-encoding mutations harbored by nonpathogenic Neisseria, which will ultimately aid in prospective surveillance for novel resistance mechanisms that may be rapidly acquired by N. gonorrhoeae.
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46
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Papkou A, Hedge J, Kapel N, Young B, MacLean RC. Efflux pump activity potentiates the evolution of antibiotic resistance across S. aureus isolates. Nat Commun 2020; 11:3970. [PMID: 32769975 PMCID: PMC7414891 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-17735-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The rise of antibiotic resistance in many bacterial pathogens has been driven by the spread of a few successful strains, suggesting that some bacteria are genetically pre-disposed to evolving resistance. Here, we test this hypothesis by challenging a diverse set of 222 isolates of Staphylococcus aureus with the antibiotic ciprofloxacin in a large-scale evolution experiment. We find that a single efflux pump, norA, causes widespread variation in evolvability across isolates. Elevated norA expression potentiates evolution by increasing the fitness benefit provided by DNA topoisomerase mutations under ciprofloxacin treatment. Amplification of norA provides a further mechanism of rapid evolution in isolates from the CC398 lineage. Crucially, chemical inhibition of NorA effectively prevents the evolution of resistance in all isolates. Our study shows that pre-existing genetic diversity plays a key role in shaping resistance evolution, and it may be possible to predict which strains are likely to evolve resistance and to optimize inhibitor use to prevent this outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrei Papkou
- Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, 11a Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3PS, UK.
- Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, Zurich, CH-8057, Switzerland.
| | - Jessica Hedge
- Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, 11a Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3PS, UK
| | - Natalia Kapel
- Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, 11a Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3PS, UK
| | - Bernadette Young
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 9DU, UK
| | - R Craig MacLean
- Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, 11a Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3PS, UK.
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47
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Zhao L, Wang S, Li X, He X, Jian L. Development of in vitro resistance to fluoroquinolones in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Antimicrob Resist Infect Control 2020; 9:124. [PMID: 32758289 PMCID: PMC7405379 DOI: 10.1186/s13756-020-00793-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 07/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Fluoroquinolone resistance in Pseudomonas aeruginosa typically arises through site-specific mutations and overexpression of efflux pumps. In this study, we investigated the dynamics of different resistance mechanisms in P. aeruginosa populations that have evolved under fluoroquinolone pressure, as well as the interactions between these mechanisms in evolutionary trajectories. Bacteria of strain ATCC27853 were selected under different concentrations of ciprofloxacin and levofloxacin for six parallel lineages, followed by amplification of four target genes in the quinolone-resistance determining region (QRDR) and Sanger sequencing to identify the mutations. The expression of four efflux pump proteins was evaluated by real-time polymerase chain reaction using the relative quantitation method, with the ATCC27853 strain used as a control. We found that ciprofloxacin killed P. aeruginosa sooner than did levofloxacin. Further, we identified five different mutations in three subunits of QRDRs, with gyrA as the main mutated gene associated with conferring fluoroquinolone resistance. Additionally, we found a larger number of mutations appearing at 2 mg/L and 4 mg/L of ciprofloxacin and levofloxacin, respectively. Moreover, we identified the main efflux pump being expressed as MexCD-OprJ, with initial overexpression observed at 0.25 mg/L and 0.5 mg/L of ciprofloxacin and levofloxacin, respectively. These results demonstrated gyrA83 mutation and MexCD-OprJ overexpression as the primary mechanism conferring ciprofloxacin and levofloxacin resistance in P. aeruginosa. In addition, we also show that ciprofloxacin exhibited a stronger ability to kill the bacteria while potentially rendering it more susceptible to resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhao
- Department of Pharmacy, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, NO. 36, Sanhao Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110004, China
| | - Shiqi Wang
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, NO. 77, Puhe Street, Shenbei New District, Shenyang, 110001, China
| | - Xiaobing Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, NO. 36, Sanhao Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110004, China
| | - Xiaojing He
- Department of Pharmacy, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, NO. 36, Sanhao Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110004, China.
| | - Lingyan Jian
- Department of Pharmacy, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, NO. 36, Sanhao Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110004, China. .,School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, NO. 77, Puhe Street, Shenbei New District, Shenyang, 110001, China.
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48
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ICEs Are the Main Reservoirs of the Ciprofloxacin-Modifying crpP Gene in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Genes (Basel) 2020; 11:genes11080889. [PMID: 32759827 PMCID: PMC7463715 DOI: 10.3390/genes11080889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Revised: 07/25/2020] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The ciprofloxacin-modifying crpP gene was recently identified in a plasmid isolated from a Pseudomonas aeruginosa clinical isolate. Homologues of this gene were also identified in Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Acinetobacter baumannii. We set out to explore the mobile elements involved in the acquisition and spread of this gene in publicly available and complete genomes of Pseudomonas spp. All Pseudomonas complete genomes were downloaded from NCBI’s Refseq library and were inspected for the presence of the crpP gene. The mobile elements carrying this gene were further characterized. The crpP gene was identified only in P. aeruginosa, in more than half of the complete chromosomes (61.9%, n = 133/215) belonging to 52 sequence types, of which the high-risk clone ST111 was the most frequent. We identified 136 crpP-harboring integrative and conjugative elements (ICEs), with 93.4% belonging to the mating-pair formation G (MPFG) family. The ICEs were integrated at the end of a tRNALys gene and were all flanked by highly conserved 45-bp direct repeats. The crpP-carrying ICEs contain 26 core genes (2.2% of all 1193 genes found in all the ICEs together), which are present in 99% or more of the crpP-harboring ICEs. The most frequently encoded traits on these ICEs include replication, transcription, intracellular trafficking and cell motility. Our work suggests that ICEs are the main vectors promoting the dissemination of the ciprofloxacin-modifying crpP gene in P. aeruginosa.
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49
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Skepper CK, Armstrong D, Balibar CJ, Bauer D, Bellamacina C, Benton BM, Bussiere D, De Pascale G, De Vicente J, Dean CR, Dhumale B, Fisher LM, Fuller J, Fulsunder M, Holder LM, Hu C, Kantariya B, Lapointe G, Leeds JA, Li X, Lu P, Lvov A, Ma S, Madhavan S, Malekar S, McKenney D, Mergo W, Metzger L, Moser HE, Mutnick D, Noeske J, Osborne C, Patel A, Patel D, Patel T, Prajapati K, Prosen KR, Reck F, Richie DL, Rico A, Sanderson MR, Satasia S, Sawyer WS, Selvarajah J, Shah N, Shanghavi K, Shu W, Thompson KV, Traebert M, Vala A, Vala L, Veselkov DA, Vo J, Wang M, Widya M, Williams SL, Xu Y, Yue Q, Zang R, Zhou B, Rivkin A. Topoisomerase Inhibitors Addressing Fluoroquinolone Resistance in Gram-Negative Bacteria. J Med Chem 2020; 63:7773-7816. [PMID: 32634310 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c00347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Since their discovery over 5 decades ago, quinolone antibiotics have found enormous success as broad spectrum agents that exert their activity through dual inhibition of bacterial DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV. Increasing rates of resistance, driven largely by target-based mutations in the GyrA/ParC quinolone resistance determining region, have eroded the utility and threaten the future use of this vital class of antibiotics. Herein we describe the discovery and optimization of a series of 4-(aminomethyl)quinolin-2(1H)-ones, exemplified by 34, that inhibit bacterial DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV and display potent activity against ciprofloxacin-resistant Gram-negative pathogens. X-ray crystallography reveals that 34 occupies the classical quinolone binding site in the topoisomerase IV-DNA cleavage complex but does not form significant contacts with residues in the quinolone resistance determining region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colin K Skepper
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Emeryville, California 94608, United States
| | - Duncan Armstrong
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Carl J Balibar
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Emeryville, California 94608, United States
| | - Daniel Bauer
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, 4002 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Cornelia Bellamacina
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Emeryville, California 94608, United States
| | - Bret M Benton
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Emeryville, California 94608, United States
| | - Dirksen Bussiere
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Emeryville, California 94608, United States
| | - Gianfranco De Pascale
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Emeryville, California 94608, United States
| | - Javier De Vicente
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Emeryville, California 94608, United States
| | - Charles R Dean
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Emeryville, California 94608, United States
| | - Bhavesh Dhumale
- Piramal Discovery Solutions, Pharmaceutical Special Economic Zone, Sarkhej Bavla Highway, Ahmedabad, Gujarat 382213, India
| | - L Mark Fisher
- Molecular and Clinical Sciences Research Institute, St George's University of London, London SW17 0RE, U.K
| | - John Fuller
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Emeryville, California 94608, United States
| | - Mangesh Fulsunder
- Piramal Discovery Solutions, Pharmaceutical Special Economic Zone, Sarkhej Bavla Highway, Ahmedabad, Gujarat 382213, India
| | - Lauren M Holder
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Emeryville, California 94608, United States
| | - Cheng Hu
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Emeryville, California 94608, United States
| | - Bhavin Kantariya
- Piramal Discovery Solutions, Pharmaceutical Special Economic Zone, Sarkhej Bavla Highway, Ahmedabad, Gujarat 382213, India
| | - Guillaume Lapointe
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Emeryville, California 94608, United States
| | - Jennifer A Leeds
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Emeryville, California 94608, United States
| | - Xiaolin Li
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Emeryville, California 94608, United States
| | - Peichao Lu
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Emeryville, California 94608, United States
| | - Anatoli Lvov
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Sylvia Ma
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Emeryville, California 94608, United States
| | - Shravanthi Madhavan
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Emeryville, California 94608, United States
| | - Swapnil Malekar
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Emeryville, California 94608, United States
| | - David McKenney
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Emeryville, California 94608, United States
| | - Wosenu Mergo
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Emeryville, California 94608, United States
| | - Louis Metzger
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Emeryville, California 94608, United States
| | - Heinz E Moser
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Emeryville, California 94608, United States
| | - Daniel Mutnick
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Emeryville, California 94608, United States
| | - Jonas Noeske
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Emeryville, California 94608, United States
| | - Colin Osborne
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Emeryville, California 94608, United States
| | - Ashish Patel
- Piramal Discovery Solutions, Pharmaceutical Special Economic Zone, Sarkhej Bavla Highway, Ahmedabad, Gujarat 382213, India
| | - Darshit Patel
- Piramal Discovery Solutions, Pharmaceutical Special Economic Zone, Sarkhej Bavla Highway, Ahmedabad, Gujarat 382213, India
| | - Tushar Patel
- Piramal Discovery Solutions, Pharmaceutical Special Economic Zone, Sarkhej Bavla Highway, Ahmedabad, Gujarat 382213, India
| | - Krunal Prajapati
- Piramal Discovery Solutions, Pharmaceutical Special Economic Zone, Sarkhej Bavla Highway, Ahmedabad, Gujarat 382213, India
| | - Katherine R Prosen
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Emeryville, California 94608, United States
| | - Folkert Reck
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Emeryville, California 94608, United States
| | - Daryl L Richie
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Emeryville, California 94608, United States
| | - Alice Rico
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Emeryville, California 94608, United States
| | - Mark R Sanderson
- Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King's College, Guy's Campus, London Bridge, London SE1 1UL, U.K
| | - Shailesh Satasia
- Piramal Discovery Solutions, Pharmaceutical Special Economic Zone, Sarkhej Bavla Highway, Ahmedabad, Gujarat 382213, India
| | - William S Sawyer
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Emeryville, California 94608, United States
| | - Jogitha Selvarajah
- Molecular and Clinical Sciences Research Institute, St George's University of London, London SW17 0RE, U.K
| | - Nirav Shah
- Piramal Discovery Solutions, Pharmaceutical Special Economic Zone, Sarkhej Bavla Highway, Ahmedabad, Gujarat 382213, India
| | - Kartik Shanghavi
- Piramal Discovery Solutions, Pharmaceutical Special Economic Zone, Sarkhej Bavla Highway, Ahmedabad, Gujarat 382213, India
| | - Wei Shu
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Emeryville, California 94608, United States
| | - Katherine V Thompson
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Emeryville, California 94608, United States
| | - Martin Traebert
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, 4002 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Anand Vala
- Piramal Discovery Solutions, Pharmaceutical Special Economic Zone, Sarkhej Bavla Highway, Ahmedabad, Gujarat 382213, India
| | - Lakhan Vala
- Piramal Discovery Solutions, Pharmaceutical Special Economic Zone, Sarkhej Bavla Highway, Ahmedabad, Gujarat 382213, India
| | - Dennis A Veselkov
- Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King's College, Guy's Campus, London Bridge, London SE1 1UL, U.K
| | - Jason Vo
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Emeryville, California 94608, United States
| | - Michael Wang
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Emeryville, California 94608, United States
| | - Marcella Widya
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Emeryville, California 94608, United States
| | - Sarah L Williams
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Emeryville, California 94608, United States
| | - Yongjin Xu
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Emeryville, California 94608, United States
| | - Qin Yue
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Emeryville, California 94608, United States
| | - Richard Zang
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Emeryville, California 94608, United States
| | - Bo Zhou
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Emeryville, California 94608, United States
| | - Alexey Rivkin
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Emeryville, California 94608, United States
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50
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Hornischer K, Khaledi A, Pohl S, Schniederjans M, Pezoldt L, Casilag F, Muthukumarasamy U, Bruchmann S, Thöming J, Kordes A, Häussler S. BACTOME-a reference database to explore the sequence- and gene expression-variation landscape of Pseudomonas aeruginosa clinical isolates. Nucleic Acids Res 2020; 47:D716-D720. [PMID: 30272193 PMCID: PMC6324029 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gky895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2018] [Accepted: 09/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Extensive use of next-generation sequencing (NGS) for pathogen profiling has the potential to transform our understanding of how genomic plasticity contributes to phenotypic versatility. However, the storage of large amounts of NGS data and visualization tools need to evolve to offer the scientific community fast and convenient access to these data. We introduce BACTOME as a database system that links aligned DNA- and RNA-sequencing reads of clinical Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates with clinically relevant pathogen phenotypes. The database allows data extraction for any single isolate, gene or phenotype as well as data filtering and phenotypic grouping for specific research questions. With the integration of statistical tools we illustrate the usefulness of a relational database structure for the identification of phenotype-genotype correlations as an essential part of the discovery pipeline in genomic research. Furthermore, the database provides a compilation of DNA sequences and gene expression values of a plethora of clinical isolates to give a consensus DNA sequence and consensus gene expression signature. Deviations from the consensus thereby describe the genomic landscape and the transcriptional plasticity of the species P. aeruginosa. The database is available at https://bactome.helmholtz-hzi.de.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klaus Hornischer
- Institute of Molecular Bacteriology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, D-38124 Braunschweig, Germany.,Institute of Molecular Bacteriology, TWINCORE GmbH, Center for Clinical and Experimental Infection Research, D-30625 Hannover, Germany.,Molecular Health GmbH, D-69115 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ariane Khaledi
- Institute of Molecular Bacteriology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, D-38124 Braunschweig, Germany.,Institute of Molecular Bacteriology, TWINCORE GmbH, Center for Clinical and Experimental Infection Research, D-30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Sarah Pohl
- Institute of Molecular Bacteriology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, D-38124 Braunschweig, Germany.,Institute of Molecular Bacteriology, TWINCORE GmbH, Center for Clinical and Experimental Infection Research, D-30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Monika Schniederjans
- Institute of Molecular Bacteriology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, D-38124 Braunschweig, Germany.,Institute of Molecular Bacteriology, TWINCORE GmbH, Center for Clinical and Experimental Infection Research, D-30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Lorena Pezoldt
- Institute of Molecular Bacteriology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, D-38124 Braunschweig, Germany.,Institute of Molecular Bacteriology, TWINCORE GmbH, Center for Clinical and Experimental Infection Research, D-30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Fiordiligie Casilag
- Institute of Molecular Bacteriology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, D-38124 Braunschweig, Germany.,Institute of Molecular Bacteriology, TWINCORE GmbH, Center for Clinical and Experimental Infection Research, D-30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Uthayakumar Muthukumarasamy
- Institute of Molecular Bacteriology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, D-38124 Braunschweig, Germany.,Institute of Molecular Bacteriology, TWINCORE GmbH, Center for Clinical and Experimental Infection Research, D-30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Sebastian Bruchmann
- Institute of Molecular Bacteriology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, D-38124 Braunschweig, Germany.,Institute of Molecular Bacteriology, TWINCORE GmbH, Center for Clinical and Experimental Infection Research, D-30625 Hannover, Germany.,Pathogen Genomics, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire, CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Janne Thöming
- Institute of Molecular Bacteriology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, D-38124 Braunschweig, Germany.,Institute of Molecular Bacteriology, TWINCORE GmbH, Center for Clinical and Experimental Infection Research, D-30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Adrian Kordes
- Institute of Molecular Bacteriology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, D-38124 Braunschweig, Germany.,Institute of Molecular Bacteriology, TWINCORE GmbH, Center for Clinical and Experimental Infection Research, D-30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Susanne Häussler
- Institute of Molecular Bacteriology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, D-38124 Braunschweig, Germany.,Institute of Molecular Bacteriology, TWINCORE GmbH, Center for Clinical and Experimental Infection Research, D-30625 Hannover, Germany
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