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Ashwath P, Osiecki P, Weiner D, Via LE, Sarathy JP. Role of DNA Double-Strand Break Formation in Gyrase Inhibitor-Mediated Killing of Nonreplicating Persistent Mycobacterium tuberculosis in Caseum. ACS Infect Dis 2024; 10:3631-3639. [PMID: 39315541 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.4c00499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/25/2024]
Abstract
Tuberculosis is the leading cause of mortality by infectious agents worldwide. The necrotic debris, known as caseum, which accumulates in the center of pulmonary lesions and cavities is home to nonreplicating drug-tolerant Mycobacterium tuberculosis that presents a significant hurdle to achieving a fast and durable cure. Fluoroquinolones such as moxifloxacin are highly effective at killing this nonreplicating persistent bacterial population and boosting TB lesion sterilization. Fluoroquinolones target bacterial DNA gyrase, which catalyzes the negative supercoiling of DNA and relaxes supercoils ahead of replication forks. In this study, we investigated the potency of several other classes of gyrase inhibitors against M. tuberculosis in different states of replication. In contrast to fluoroquinolones, many other gyrase inhibitors kill only replicating bacterial cultures but produce negligible cidal activity against M. tuberculosis in ex vivo rabbit caseum. We demonstrate that while these inhibitors are capable of inhibiting M. tuberculosis gyrase DNA supercoiling activity, fluoroquinolones are unique in their ability to cleave double-stranded DNA at low micromolar concentrations. We hypothesize that double-strand break formation is an important driver of gyrase inhibitor-mediated bactericidal potency against nonreplicating persistent M. tuberculosis populations in the host. This study provides general insight into the lesion sterilization potential of different gyrase inhibitor classes and informs the development of more effective chemotherapeutic options against persistent mycobacterial infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka Ashwath
- Center for Discovery and Innovation, Hackensack Meridian Health, 111 Ideation Way, Nutley, New Jersey 07110, United States
| | - Paulina Osiecki
- Center for Discovery and Innovation, Hackensack Meridian Health, 111 Ideation Way, Nutley, New Jersey 07110, United States
| | - Danielle Weiner
- Tuberculosis Research Section, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, NIAID, NIH, 33 North Drive, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
- Tuberculosis Imaging Program (TBIP), Division of Intramural Research, NIAID, NIH, 33 North Drive, Building 33, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - Laura E Via
- Tuberculosis Research Section, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, NIAID, NIH, 33 North Drive, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
- Tuberculosis Imaging Program (TBIP), Division of Intramural Research, NIAID, NIH, 33 North Drive, Building 33, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - Jansy P Sarathy
- Center for Discovery and Innovation, Hackensack Meridian Health, 111 Ideation Way, Nutley, New Jersey 07110, United States
- Department of Medical Sciences, Hackensack Meridian School of Medicine, 123 Metro Blvd, Nutley 07110 New Jersey, United States
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2
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Cheng Y, Liu X, Rutkowski S, Badaraev AD, Kozelskaya AI, Tverdokhlebov SI, Frueh J. Investigation of the Antibacterial Properties of Janus Micromotors Catalytic Propelled by Manganese Dioxide and Hydrogen Peroxide to Reduce Bacterial Density. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2024. [PMID: 39357930 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.4c00690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/04/2024]
Abstract
Between 2015 and 2017, 90% of Chinese adults were reported to have periodontitis of varying degrees, highlighting the importance of novel, inexpensive, and affordable treatments for the public. The fact that more and more pathogens are becoming resistant to antibiotics further highlights this prevalence. This article addresses a novel micromotor capable of generating reactive oxygen species, as proven by a Fenton-like reaction. Such reactions allow the targeting of Gram-negative bacteria such as Escherichia coli, which are eliminated order of magnitude more effectively than by pure hydrogen peroxide, thereby addressing pathogens relevant in oral infections. The basis of the micromotors, which generate reactive oxygen species on site, reduces the likelihood of resistance developing in these types of bacteria. Catalytically reducing hydrogen peroxide in this process, these micromotors propel themselves forward. This proof of principle study paves the way for the utilization of micromotors in the field of skin disinfection utilizing hydrogen peroxide concentrations which were in previous works proven noncytotoxic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanfang Cheng
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, Harbin Institute of Technology, 150080 Harbin, P. R. China
| | - Xiaolan Liu
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, Harbin Institute of Technology, 150080 Harbin, P. R. China
| | - Sven Rutkowski
- Weinberg Research Center, School of Nuclear Science & Engineering, National Research Tomsk Polytechnic University, I-634050 Tomsk, Russian Federation
| | - Arsalan D Badaraev
- Weinberg Research Center, School of Nuclear Science & Engineering, National Research Tomsk Polytechnic University, I-634050 Tomsk, Russian Federation
| | - Anna I Kozelskaya
- Weinberg Research Center, School of Nuclear Science & Engineering, National Research Tomsk Polytechnic University, I-634050 Tomsk, Russian Federation
| | - Sergei I Tverdokhlebov
- Weinberg Research Center, School of Nuclear Science & Engineering, National Research Tomsk Polytechnic University, I-634050 Tomsk, Russian Federation
| | - Johannes Frueh
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, Harbin Institute of Technology, 150080 Harbin, P. R. China
- Weinberg Research Center, School of Nuclear Science & Engineering, National Research Tomsk Polytechnic University, I-634050 Tomsk, Russian Federation
- Institute of Environmental Engineering, ETH Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Zürich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
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3
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Alexander PJ, Oyama LB, Olleik H, Godoy Santos F, O'Brien S, Cookson A, Cochrane SA, Gilmore BF, Maresca M, Huws SA. Microbiome-derived antimicrobial peptides show therapeutic activity against the critically important priority pathogen, Acinetobacter baumannii. NPJ Biofilms Microbiomes 2024; 10:92. [PMID: 39349945 PMCID: PMC11443000 DOI: 10.1038/s41522-024-00560-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2024] [Accepted: 08/21/2024] [Indexed: 10/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Acinetobacter baumannii is designated by the World Health Organisation as a critical priority pathogen. Previously we discovered antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), namely Lynronne-1, -2 and -3, with efficacy against bacterial pathogens, such as Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Here we assessed Lynronne-1, -2 and -3 structure by circular dichroism and efficacy against clinical strains of A. baumannii. All Lynronne AMPs demonstrated alpha-helical secondary structures and had antimicrobial activity towards all tested strains of A. baumannii (Minimum Inhibitory Concentrations 2-128 μg/ml), whilst also having anti-biofilm activity. Lynronne-2 and -3 demonstrated additive effects with amoxicillin and erythromycin, and synergy with gentamicin. The AMPs demonstrated little toxicity towards mammalian cell lines or Galleria mellonella. Fluorescence-based assay data demonstrated that Lynronne-1 and -3 had higher membrane-destabilising action against A. baumannii in comparison with Lynronne-2, which was corroborated by transcriptomic analysis. For the first time, we demonstrate the therapeutic activity of Lynronne AMPs against A. baumannii.
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Affiliation(s)
- P J Alexander
- Institute for Global Food Security, School of Biological Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - L B Oyama
- Institute for Global Food Security, School of Biological Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - H Olleik
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, iSm2 (UMR7313), Marseille, France
| | - F Godoy Santos
- Institute for Global Food Security, School of Biological Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - S O'Brien
- School of Pharmacy, QUB, Medical Biology Centre, Belfast, UK
| | - A Cookson
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences, Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth, UK
| | - S A Cochrane
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - B F Gilmore
- School of Pharmacy, QUB, Medical Biology Centre, Belfast, UK
| | - M Maresca
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, iSm2 (UMR7313), Marseille, France
| | - S A Huws
- Institute for Global Food Security, School of Biological Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK.
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4
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Luo VC, Peczuh MW. Location, Location, Location: Establishing Design Principles for New Antibacterials from Ferric Siderophore Transport Systems. Molecules 2024; 29:3889. [PMID: 39202968 PMCID: PMC11357680 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29163889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2024] [Revised: 08/09/2024] [Accepted: 08/12/2024] [Indexed: 09/03/2024] Open
Abstract
This review strives to assemble a set of molecular design principles that enables the delivery of antibiotic warheads to Gram-negative bacterial targets (ESKAPE pathogens) using iron-chelating siderophores, known as the Trojan Horse strategy for antibiotic development. Principles are derived along two main lines. First, archetypical siderophores and their conjugates are used as case studies for native iron transport. They enable the consideration of the correspondence of iron transport and antibacterial target location. The second line of study charts the rationale behind the clinical antibiotic cefiderocol. It illustrates the potential versatility for the design of new Trojan Horse-based antibiotics. Themes such as matching the warhead to a location where the siderophore delivers its cargo (i.e., periplasm vs. cytoplasm), whether or not a cleavable linker is required, and the relevance of cheaters to the effectiveness and selectivity of new conjugates will be explored. The effort to articulate rules has identified gaps in the current understanding of iron transport pathways and suggests directions for new investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mark W. Peczuh
- Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, 55 N. Eagleville Road, U3060, Storrs, CT 06269, USA;
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5
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Zheng Y, Chai R, Wang T, Xu Z, He Y, Shen P, Liu J. RNA polymerase stalling-derived genome instability underlies ribosomal antibiotic efficacy and resistance evolution. Nat Commun 2024; 15:6579. [PMID: 39097616 PMCID: PMC11297953 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-50917-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2024] [Indexed: 08/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Bacteria often evolve antibiotic resistance through mutagenesis. However, the processes causing the mutagenesis have not been fully resolved. Here, we find that a broad range of ribosome-targeting antibiotics cause mutations through an underexplored pathway. Focusing on the clinically important aminoglycoside gentamicin, we find that the translation inhibitor causes genome-wide premature stalling of RNA polymerase (RNAP) in a loci-dependent manner. Further analysis shows that the stalling is caused by the disruption of transcription-translation coupling. Anti-intuitively, the stalled RNAPs subsequently induce lesions to the DNA via transcription-coupled repair. While most of the bacteria are killed by genotoxicity, a small subpopulation acquires mutations via SOS-induced mutagenesis. Given that these processes are triggered shortly after antibiotic addition, resistance rapidly emerges in the population. Our work reveals a mechanism of action of ribosomal antibiotics, illustrates the importance of dissecting the complex interplay between multiple molecular processes in understanding antibiotic efficacy, and suggests new strategies for countering the development of resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yayun Zheng
- Center for Infection Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Ruochen Chai
- Center for Infection Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Tianmin Wang
- Center for Infection Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.
- Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Beijing, China.
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Zeqi Xu
- Center for Infection Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Yihui He
- Center for Infection Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Ping Shen
- Center for Infection Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Jintao Liu
- Center for Infection Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.
- Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Beijing, China.
- SXMU-Tsinghua Collaborative Innovation Center for Frontier Medicine, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi Province, China.
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6
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Zhang B, Wang M, Sun L, Liu J, Yin L, Xia M, Zhang L, Liu X, Cheng Y. Recent Advances in Targeted Cancer Therapy: Are PDCs the Next Generation of ADCs? J Med Chem 2024; 67:11469-11487. [PMID: 38980167 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.4c00106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/10/2024]
Abstract
Antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) comprise antibodies, cytotoxic payloads, and linkers, which can integrate the advantages of antibodies and small molecule drugs to achieve targeted cancer treatment. However, ADCs also have some shortcomings, such as non-negligible drug resistance, a low therapeutic index, and payload-related toxicity. Many studies have focused on changing the composition of ADCs, and some have even further extended the concept and types of targeted conjugated drugs by replacing the targeted antibodies in ADCs with peptides, revolutionarily introducing peptide-drug conjugates (PDCs). This Perspective summarizes the current research status of ADCs and PDCs and highlights the structural innovations of ADC components. In particular, PDCs are regarded as the next generation of potential targeted drugs after ADCs, and the current challenges of PDCs are analyzed. Our aim is to offer fresh insights for the efficient design and expedited development of innovative targeted conjugated drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baochen Zhang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Hebei Anti-Tumor Molecular Target Technology Innovation Center, Hebei Research Center of the Basic Discipline of Cell Biology, College of Life Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang 050024, P.R. China
| | - Mo Wang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Hebei Anti-Tumor Molecular Target Technology Innovation Center, Hebei Research Center of the Basic Discipline of Cell Biology, College of Life Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang 050024, P.R. China
| | - Li Sun
- School of Chemical Technology, Shijiazhuang University, Shijiazhuang 050035, P.R. China
| | - Jiawei Liu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Hebei Anti-Tumor Molecular Target Technology Innovation Center, Hebei Research Center of the Basic Discipline of Cell Biology, College of Life Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang 050024, P.R. China
| | - Libinghan Yin
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Hebei Anti-Tumor Molecular Target Technology Innovation Center, Hebei Research Center of the Basic Discipline of Cell Biology, College of Life Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang 050024, P.R. China
| | - Mingjing Xia
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Hebei Anti-Tumor Molecular Target Technology Innovation Center, Hebei Research Center of the Basic Discipline of Cell Biology, College of Life Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang 050024, P.R. China
| | - Ling Zhang
- School of Chemical Technology, Shijiazhuang University, Shijiazhuang 050035, P.R. China
| | - Xifu Liu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Hebei Anti-Tumor Molecular Target Technology Innovation Center, Hebei Research Center of the Basic Discipline of Cell Biology, College of Life Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang 050024, P.R. China
| | - Yu Cheng
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Hebei Anti-Tumor Molecular Target Technology Innovation Center, Hebei Research Center of the Basic Discipline of Cell Biology, College of Life Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang 050024, P.R. China
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7
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Aleksandrova EV, Ma CX, Klepacki D, Alizadeh F, Vázquez-Laslop N, Liang JH, Polikanov YS, Mankin AS. Macrolones target bacterial ribosomes and DNA gyrase and can evade resistance mechanisms. Nat Chem Biol 2024:10.1038/s41589-024-01685-3. [PMID: 39039256 DOI: 10.1038/s41589-024-01685-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 07/24/2024]
Abstract
Growing resistance toward ribosome-targeting macrolide antibiotics has limited their clinical utility and urged the search for superior compounds. Macrolones are synthetic macrolide derivatives with a quinolone side chain, structurally similar to DNA topoisomerase-targeting fluoroquinolones. While macrolones show enhanced activity, their modes of action have remained unknown. Here, we present the first structures of ribosome-bound macrolones, showing that the macrolide part occupies the macrolide-binding site in the ribosomal exit tunnel, whereas the quinolone moiety establishes new interactions with the tunnel. Macrolones efficiently inhibit both the ribosome and DNA topoisomerase in vitro. However, in the cell, they target either the ribosome or DNA gyrase or concurrently both of them. In contrast to macrolide or fluoroquinolone antibiotics alone, dual-targeting macrolones are less prone to select resistant bacteria carrying target-site mutations or to activate inducible macrolide resistance genes. Furthermore, because some macrolones engage Erm-modified ribosomes, they retain activity even against strains with constitutive erm resistance genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena V Aleksandrova
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Cong-Xuan Ma
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Molecule Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Dorota Klepacki
- Center for Biomolecular Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Faezeh Alizadeh
- Center for Biomolecular Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Nora Vázquez-Laslop
- Center for Biomolecular Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Jian-Hua Liang
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Molecule Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China.
| | - Yury S Polikanov
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
- Center for Biomolecular Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
| | - Alexander S Mankin
- Center for Biomolecular Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
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8
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Niu H, Gu J, Zhang Y. Bacterial persisters: molecular mechanisms and therapeutic development. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2024; 9:174. [PMID: 39013893 PMCID: PMC11252167 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-024-01866-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2023] [Revised: 05/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 07/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Persisters refer to genetically drug susceptible quiescent (non-growing or slow growing) bacteria that survive in stress environments such as antibiotic exposure, acidic and starvation conditions. These cells can regrow after stress removal and remain susceptible to the same stress. Persisters are underlying the problems of treating chronic and persistent infections and relapse infections after treatment, drug resistance development, and biofilm infections, and pose significant challenges for effective treatments. Understanding the characteristics and the exact mechanisms of persister formation, especially the key molecules that affect the formation and survival of the persisters is critical to more effective treatment of chronic and persistent infections. Currently, genes related to persister formation and survival are being discovered and confirmed, but the mechanisms by which bacteria form persisters are very complex, and there are still many unanswered questions. This article comprehensively summarizes the historical background of bacterial persisters, details their complex characteristics and their relationship with antibiotic tolerant and resistant bacteria, systematically elucidates the interplay between various bacterial biological processes and the formation of persister cells, as well as consolidates the diverse anti-persister compounds and treatments. We hope to provide theoretical background for in-depth research on mechanisms of persisters and suggest new ideas for choosing strategies for more effective treatment of persistent infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongxia Niu
- School of Basic Medical Science and Key Laboratory of Blood-stasis-toxin Syndrome of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jiaying Gu
- School of Basic Medical Science and Key Laboratory of Blood-stasis-toxin Syndrome of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310003, Zhejiang, China.
- Jinan Microecological Biomedicine Shandong Laboratory, Jinan, 250022, Shandong, China.
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9
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Mundra S, Kabra A. Unveiling the Druggable Landscape of Bacterial Peptidyl tRNA Hydrolase: Insights into Structure, Function, and Therapeutic Potential. Biomolecules 2024; 14:668. [PMID: 38927071 PMCID: PMC11202043 DOI: 10.3390/biom14060668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2024] [Revised: 06/02/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Bacterial peptidyl tRNA hydrolase (Pth) or Pth1 emerges as a pivotal enzyme involved in the maintenance of cellular homeostasis by catalyzing the release of peptidyl moieties from peptidyl-tRNA molecules and the maintenance of a free pool of specific tRNAs. This enzyme is vital for bacterial cells and an emerging drug target for various bacterial infections. Understanding the enzymatic mechanisms and structural intricacies of bacterial Pth is pivotal in designing novel therapeutics to combat antibiotic resistance. This review provides a comprehensive analysis of the multifaceted roles of Pth in bacterial physiology, shedding light on its significance as a potential drug target. This article delves into the diverse functions of Pth, encompassing its involvement in ribosome rescue, the maintenance of a free tRNA pool in bacterial systems, the regulation of translation fidelity, and stress response pathways within bacterial systems. Moreover, it also explores the druggability of bacterial Pth, emphasizing its promise as a target for antibacterial agents and highlighting the challenges associated with developing specific inhibitors against this enzyme. Structural elucidation represents a cornerstone in unraveling the catalytic mechanisms and substrate recognition of Pth. This review encapsulates the current structural insights of Pth garnered through various biophysical techniques, such as X-ray crystallography and NMR spectroscopy, providing a detailed understanding of the enzyme's architecture and conformational dynamics. Additionally, biophysical aspects, including its interaction with ligands, inhibitors, and substrates, are discussed, elucidating the molecular basis of bacterial Pth's function and its potential use in drug design strategies. Through this review article, we aim to put together all the available information on bacterial Pth and emphasize its potential in advancing innovative therapeutic interventions and combating bacterial infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Surbhi Mundra
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA;
| | - Ashish Kabra
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA
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10
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Tang J, Herzfeld AM, Leon G, Brynildsen MP. Differential impacts of DNA repair machinery on fluoroquinolone persisters with different chromosome abundances. mBio 2024; 15:e0037424. [PMID: 38564687 PMCID: PMC11077951 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.00374-24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
DNA repair machinery has been found to be indispensable for fluoroquinolone (FQ) persistence of Escherichia coli. Previously, we found that cells harboring two copies of the chromosome (2Chr) in stationary-phase cultures were more likely to yield FQ persisters than those with one copy of the chromosome (1Chr). Furthermore, we found that RecA and RecB were required to observe that difference, and that loss of either more significantly impacted 2Chr persisters than 1Chr persisters. To better understand the survival mechanisms of persisters with different chromosome abundances, we examined their dependencies on different DNA repair proteins. Here, we show that lexA3 and ∆recN negatively impact the abundances of 2Chr persisters to FQs, without significant impacts on 1Chr persisters. In comparison, ∆xseA, ∆xseB, and ∆uvrD preferentially depress 1Chr persistence to levels that were near the limit of detection. Collectively, these data show that the DNA repair mechanisms used by persisters vary based on chromosome number, and suggest that efforts to eradicate FQ persisters will likely have to take heterogeneity in single-cell chromosome abundance into consideration. IMPORTANCE Persisters are rare phenotypic variants in isogenic populations that survive antibiotic treatments that kill the other cells present. Evidence has accumulated that supports a role for persisters in chronic and recurrent infections. Here, we explore how an under-appreciated phenotypic variable, chromosome copy number (#Chr), influences the DNA repair systems persisters use to survive fluoroquinolone treatments. We found that #Chr significantly biases the DNA repair systems used by persisters, which suggests that #Chr heterogeneity should be considered when devising strategies to eradicate these troublesome bacterial variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juechun Tang
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey, USA
| | - Allison M. Herzfeld
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey, USA
- Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, New Jersey, USA
| | - Gabrielle Leon
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey, USA
| | - Mark P. Brynildsen
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey, USA
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey, USA
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11
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Dai H, Hu Y, Zhang Y, Zhu Q, Xu T, Cui P, Fan R, He Q. Identification of CH 2-linked quinolone-aminopyrimidine hybrids as potent anti-MRSA agents: Low resistance potential and lack of cross-resistance with fluoroquinolone antibiotics. Eur J Med Chem 2024; 271:116399. [PMID: 38640868 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2024.116399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2024] [Revised: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/06/2024] [Indexed: 04/21/2024]
Abstract
The structural optimization of B14, an antibacterial agent we previously obtained, has led to the discovery of a new class of CH2-linked quinolone-aminopyrimidine hybrids with potent anti-MRSA activities. Surprisingly, the hybrids lacking a C-6 fluoro atom at the quinolone nucleus showed equal or even stronger anti-MRSA activities than their corresponding 6-fluoro counterparts, despite the well-established structure-activity relationships (SARs) indicating that the 6-fluoro substituent enhances the antibacterial activity in conventional fluoroquinolone antibiotics. Moreover, these new hybrids, albeit structurally related to conventional fluoroquinolones, showed no cross-resistance with fluoroquinolone drugs. The most active compound, 15m, exhibited excellent activities with a MIC value of 0.39 μg/mL against both fluoroquinolone-sensitive strain USA500 and -resistant MRSA isolate Mu50. Further resistance development studies indicated MRSA is unlikely to acquire resistance against 15m. Moreover, 15m displayed favorable in vivo half-life and safety profiles. These findings suggest a rationale for further evolution of quinolone antibiotics with a high barrier to resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongxue Dai
- Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, 2005 Songhu Road, Yangpu District, Shanghai, China
| | - Yue Hu
- Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, 2005 Songhu Road, Yangpu District, Shanghai, China
| | - Yiwen Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, 2005 Songhu Road, Yangpu District, Shanghai, China
| | - Qi Zhu
- Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, 2005 Songhu Road, Yangpu District, Shanghai, China
| | - Tao Xu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, 525 Wulumuqizhong Road, Jing'an District, Shanghai, China
| | - Peng Cui
- Department of Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, 525 Wulumuqizhong Road, Jing'an District, Shanghai, China.
| | - Renhua Fan
- Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, 2005 Songhu Road, Yangpu District, Shanghai, China.
| | - Qiuqin He
- Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, 2005 Songhu Road, Yangpu District, Shanghai, China.
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12
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Collins J, Oviatt AA, Chan PF, Osheroff N. Target-Mediated Fluoroquinolone Resistance in Neisseria gonorrhoeae: Actions of Ciprofloxacin against Gyrase and Topoisomerase IV. ACS Infect Dis 2024; 10:1351-1360. [PMID: 38606464 PMCID: PMC11015056 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.4c00041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Revised: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
Fluoroquinolones make up a critically important class of antibacterials administered worldwide to treat human infections. However, their clinical utility has been curtailed by target-mediated resistance, which is caused by mutations in the fluoroquinolone targets, gyrase and topoisomerase IV. An important pathogen that has been affected by this resistance is Neisseria gonorrhoeae, the causative agent of gonorrhea. Over 82 million new cases of this sexually transmitted infection were reported globally in 2020. Despite the impact of fluoroquinolone resistance on gonorrhea treatment, little is known about the interactions of this drug class with its targets in this bacterium. Therefore, we investigated the effects of the fluoroquinolone ciprofloxacin on the catalytic and DNA cleavage activities of wild-type gyrase and topoisomerase IV and the corresponding enzymes that harbor mutations associated with cellular and clinical resistance to fluoroquinolones. Results indicate that ciprofloxacin interacts with both gyrase (its primary target) and topoisomerase IV (its secondary target) through a water-metal ion bridge that has been described in other species. Moreover, mutations in amino acid residues that anchor this bridge diminish the susceptibility of the enzymes for the drug, leading to fluoroquinolone resistance. Results further suggest that ciprofloxacin primarily induces its cytotoxic effects by enhancing gyrase-mediated DNA cleavage as opposed to inhibiting the DNA supercoiling activity of the enzyme. In conclusion, this work links the effects of ciprofloxacin on wild-type and resistant gyrase to results reported for cellular and clinical studies and provides a mechanistic explanation for the targeting and resistance of fluoroquinolones in N. gonorrhoeae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica
A. Collins
- Department
of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University School
of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | - Alexandria A. Oviatt
- Department
of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University School
of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | - Pan F. Chan
- Infectious
Diseases Research Unit, GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, Pennsylvania 19426, United States
| | - Neil Osheroff
- Department
of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University School
of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
- Department
of Medicine (Hematology/Oncology), Vanderbilt
University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
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13
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Soliman AM, El-Sagheir AMK, Thabet MM, Abdel Hakiem AF, Aboraia AS. Synthesis, characterization, molecular modeling studies, and biological evaluation of metal piroxicam complexes (M = Ni(II), Pt(IV), Pd(II), Ag(I)) as antibacterial and anticancer agents. Drug Dev Res 2024; 85:e22156. [PMID: 38355931 DOI: 10.1002/ddr.22156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Revised: 01/01/2024] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
Four piroxicam metal complexes; NiL2 , PtL2 , PdL2 , and AgL were synthesized and characterized by different techniques with enhanced antibacterial and anticancer activity. Regarding in vitro antimicrobial activity, complex NiL2 displayed potent antibacterial effect against Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa that was 1.9-folds higher than piroxicam (minimum inhibitory concentration [MIC] = 31.85, 65.32 µM), respectively. In case of G+ve bacteria, complex PtL2 had potent activity on Staphylococcus aureus which was 2.1-folds higher than piroxicam (MIC = 43.12 µM), while activity of complex AgL against Enterococcus faecalis was threefolds higher than piroxicam (MIC = 74.57 µM. Complexes PtL2 and PdL2 exhibited higher inhibition of DNA gyrase than piroxicam (IC50 = 6.21 µM) in the range of 1.9-1.7-folds. The in vitro antiproliferative activity depicted that all investigated complexes showed better cytotoxic effect than piroxicam, specifically Pt and Pd complexes which had lower IC50 values than piroxicam on human liver cancer cell line HepG2 by 1.8 and 1.7-folds, respectively. While Pd and Ag complexes showed 2 and 1.6-folds better effect on human colon cancer cell line HT-29 compared with piroxicam. Molecular modeling studies including docking on Stranded DNA Duplex (1juu) and DNA gyrase enzyme (1kzn) that gave good insight about interaction of complexes with target molecules, calculation of electrostatic potential map and global reactivity descriptors were performed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aya M Soliman
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Ahmed M K El-Sagheir
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
- Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology, Drug Research Program, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Momen M Thabet
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, South Valley University, Qena, Egypt
| | | | - Ahmed S Aboraia
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
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14
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Wang R, Lou J, Cai J. Strategies to attenuate ciprofloxacin inhibition on enhanced biological phosphorus removal from wastewater and its recoverability. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2024; 354:120456. [PMID: 38412731 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.120456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
The inhibiting effects of ciprofloxacin (CIP) on enhanced biological phosphorus removal (EBPR) were investigated with no change in reactor operation and with increased aeration rate and sludge retention time (SRT) to explore inhibition-alleviating solutions. Additionally, performance recoverability was evaluated. The results showed that the phosphorus removal efficiency in the presence of 0.002-0.092 mg/L CIP for 7 days was only 12.5%. Increasing the aeration rate relieved inhibition (33.5% phosphorus removal efficiency on Day 7), and increasing SRT slowed EBPR performance deterioration. The EBPR performance recovered from CIP inhibition and increases in the aeration rate and SRT resulted in different recovery phenomena. The maximum PO43--P release rate continued to decrease in the first 2 days of the recovery stage and then gradually increased. However, the maximum PO43--P uptake rate immediately increased at different rates among reactors, which might be attributed to variations in the microbial community structure, decreased poly-P content, and enhanced abundances of ABC transporters and quorum sensing. It was found that some microorganisms associated with phosphorus removal were more tolerant to CIP than glycogen accumulating organisms. Moreover, the increased relative abundance of the qepA gene indicated that the microorganisms in the EBPR system had strong antibiotic resistance capacity. The bacterial community structure was significantly affected by CIP and could not recover to the initial structure. The results help to provide technical support for the operation of the EBPR process in the presence of CIP and to increase the understanding of system recoverability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruyi Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, 310012, China.
| | - Juqing Lou
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, 310012, China.
| | - Jing Cai
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, 310012, China.
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15
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Donato MM, Assis G, Cardoso O, Oliveiros B, Freitas A, Ramos F. Assessment of Zn and Cu in piglets' liver and kidney: impact in fecal Enterococcus spp.? ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:20941-20952. [PMID: 38381291 PMCID: PMC10948465 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-32495-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
Zinc and copper have been used as growth promotors in alternative to antibiotics in pig's diet. The aim was the ascertainment of the Zn and Cu concentrations in piglets' liver and kidney and their impact in the reduced susceptibility to Zn, Cu, and antibiotics in enterococci, used as microbiota biomarker. Zn and Cu were determined in the livers and kidneys of 43 piglets slaughtered in Portugal, by flame atomic absorption spectrometry. Enterococci were isolated from feces for determining the identification of species (E. faecalis, E. faecium, and Enterococcus spp.); susceptibility to vancomycin, ciprofloxacin, linezolid, tigecycline, ampicillin, imipenem, and metals; and Cu tolerance genes. In piglets with Zn and Cu high or toxic levels, enterococci had reduced susceptibility to ions, reinforced by the presence of Cu tolerance genes and by resistance to antibiotics. The study relevance is to show the relationship between these metals' levels and decreased susceptibility to Cu, Zn, and antibiotics by enterococci. From the results, it could be supposed that the piglets were being fed with high doses of Zn and Cu which could select more resistant bacteria to both antibiotics and metals that could spread to environment and humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria M Donato
- Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Coimbra, CIMAGO, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, 3000-548, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Gabriela Assis
- Laboratório de Controlo da Alimentação Animal, Unidade Estratégica de Investigação E Serviços, Tecnologia E Segurança Alimentar, Instituto Nacional de Investigação Agrária E Veterinária, I.P., Av. da República, Quinta Do Marquês, 2780-157, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Olga Cardoso
- Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Coimbra, CERES, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, 3000-548, Coimbra, Portugal.
| | - Bárbara Oliveiros
- Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Coimbra, LBIM, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, 3000-548, Coimbra, Portugal
- Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Coimbra, CIMAGO, I-CBR, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, 3000-548, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Andreia Freitas
- Laboratório de Controlo da Alimentação Animal, Unidade Estratégica de Investigação E Serviços, Tecnologia E Segurança Alimentar, Instituto Nacional de Investigação Agrária E Veterinária, I.P., Av. da República, Quinta Do Marquês, 2780-157, Oeiras, Portugal
- Laboratório Nacional de Referência Para a Segurança Alimentar, Instituto Nacional de Investigação Agrária E Veterinária, I.P., Rua Dos Lágidos, Lugar da Madalena, 4485-655, Vairão, Vila Do Conde, Portugal
| | - Fernando Ramos
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Rua Dom Manuel II, Apartado 55142, 4051-401, Porto, Portugal
- Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Coimbra, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, 3000-548, Coimbra, Portugal
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16
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Kamal El-sagheir A, Abdelmesseh Nekhala I, Abd El-Gaber MK, Aboraia AS, Persson J, Schäfer AB, Wenzel M, Omar FA. N4-Substituted Piperazinyl Norfloxacin Derivatives with Broad-Spectrum Activity and Multiple Mechanisms on Gyrase, Topoisomerase IV, and Bacterial Cell Wall Synthesis. ACS BIO & MED CHEM AU 2023; 3:494-506. [PMID: 38144255 PMCID: PMC10739246 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomedchemau.3c00038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023]
Abstract
Fluoroquinolones are an important class of antibiotics with broad-spectrum antibacterial and antitubercular activity. Here, we describe the design and synthesis of a series of 38 N4-substituted piperazinyl norfloxacin derivatives. Their activity and mechanism of action were characterized using in silico, in vitro, and in vivo approaches. Several compounds displayed interesting activities against both Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria, and few displayed antimycobacterial activity, whereby some were as potent as norfloxacin and ciprofloxacin. Molecular docking experiments suggested that the new derivatives inhibit both DNA gyrase and DNA topoisomerase IV in a similar manner as norfloxacin. Selecting the most promising candidates for experimental mode of action analysis, we confirmed DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV as targets of all tested compounds using enzymatic in vitro assays. Phenotypic analysis of both Escherichia coli and Bacillus subtilis confirmed a typical gyrase inhibition phenotype for all of the tested compounds. Assessment of possible additional targets revealed three compounds with unique effects on the B. subtilis cell wall synthesis machinery, suggesting that they may have an additional target in this pathway. Comparison with known cell wall synthesis inhibitors showed that the new compounds elicit a distinct and, so far, unique phenotype, suggesting that they act differently from known cell wall synthesis inhibitors. Interestingly, our phenotypic analysis revealed that both norfloxacin and ciprofloxacin displayed additional cellular effects as well, which may be indicative of the so far unknown additional mechanisms of fluoroquinolones.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ireny Abdelmesseh Nekhala
- Division
of Chemical Biology, Department of Life Sciences, Chalmers University of Technology, 412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | | | - Ahmed S. Aboraia
- Medicinal
Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Assiut University, Assiut 71526, Egypt
| | - Jonatan Persson
- Division
of Chemical Biology, Department of Life Sciences, Chalmers University of Technology, 412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
- Center
for Antibiotic Resistance Research in Gothenburg (CARe), 405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Ann-Britt Schäfer
- Division
of Chemical Biology, Department of Life Sciences, Chalmers University of Technology, 412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
- Center
for Antibiotic Resistance Research in Gothenburg (CARe), 405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Michaela Wenzel
- Division
of Chemical Biology, Department of Life Sciences, Chalmers University of Technology, 412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
- Center
for Antibiotic Resistance Research in Gothenburg (CARe), 405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Farghaly A. Omar
- Medicinal
Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Assiut University, Assiut 71526, Egypt
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17
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Toyting J, Miura N, Utrarachkij F, Tanomsridachchai W, Belotindos LP, Suwanthada P, Kapalamula TF, Kongsoi S, Koide K, Kim H, Thapa J, Nakajima C, Suzuki Y. Exploration of the novel fluoroquinolones with high inhibitory effect against quinolone-resistant DNA gyrase of Salmonella Typhimurium. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0133023. [PMID: 37795999 PMCID: PMC10715191 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.01330-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Quinolone-resistant nontyphoidal Salmonella is a pressing public health concern, demanding the exploration of novel treatments. In this study, we focused on two innovative synthetic fluoroquinolones, WQ-3034 and WQ-3154. Our findings revealed that these new compounds demonstrate potent inhibitory effects, even against mutant strains that cause resistance to existing quinolones. Hence, WQ-3034 and WQ-3154 could potentially be effective therapeutic agents against quinolone-resistant Salmonella Typhimurium. Furthermore, the data obtained in this study will be baseline information for antimicrobial drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jirachaya Toyting
- Division of Bioresources, Hokkaido University International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Nami Miura
- Division of Bioresources, Hokkaido University International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Fuangfa Utrarachkij
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Public Health, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Wimonrat Tanomsridachchai
- Division of Bioresources, Hokkaido University International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Lawrence P. Belotindos
- Biosafety and Environment Section, Research and Development Division, Philippine Carabao Center National Headquarters and Gene Pool Science City of Munoz, Munoz, Nueva Ecija, Philippines
| | - Pondpan Suwanthada
- Division of Bioresources, Hokkaido University International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Thoko Flav Kapalamula
- Division of Bioresources, Hokkaido University International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Siriporn Kongsoi
- Department of Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kasetsart University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
| | - Kentaro Koide
- Department of Bacteriology II, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hyun Kim
- Department of Bacteriology II, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Jeewan Thapa
- Division of Bioresources, Hokkaido University International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Chie Nakajima
- Division of Bioresources, Hokkaido University International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Sapporo, Japan
- Hokkaido University Institute for Vaccine Research & Development, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
- International Collaboration Unit, Hokkaido University, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yasuhiko Suzuki
- Division of Bioresources, Hokkaido University International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Sapporo, Japan
- Hokkaido University Institute for Vaccine Research & Development, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
- International Collaboration Unit, Hokkaido University, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Sapporo, Japan
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18
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Yi J, Ahn J. Heterogeneous Phenotypic Responses of Antibiotic-Resistant Salmonella Typhimurium to Food Preservative-Related Stresses. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:1702. [PMID: 38136736 PMCID: PMC10740406 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12121702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
This study was designed to evaluate the response of antibiotic-resistant Salmonella Typhimurium to food preservative-related stresses, such as lactic acid and sodium chloride (NaCl). S. Typhimurium cells were exposed to 1 µg/mL of ciprofloxacin (CIP), 0.2% lactic acid (LA), 6% NaCl, CIP followed by LA (CIP-LA), and CIP followed by NaCl (CIP-NaCl). The untreated S. Typhimurium cells were the control (CON). All treatments were as follows: CON, CIP, LA, NaCl, CIP-LA, and CIP-NaCl. The phenotypic heterogeneity was evaluated by measuring the antimicrobial susceptibility, bacterial fluctuation, cell injury, persistence, and cross-resistance. The CIP, CIP-LA, and CIP-NaCl groups were highly resistant to ciprofloxacin, showing MIC values of 0.70, 0.59, and 0.54 µg/mL, respectively, compared to the CON group (0.014 µg/mL). The susceptibility to lactic acid was not changed after exposure to NaCl, while that to NaCl was decreased after exposure to NaCl. The Eagle phenomenon was observed in the CIP, CIP-LA, and CIP-NaCl groups, showing Eagle effect concentrations (EECs) of more than 8 µg/mL. No changes in the MBCs of lactic acid and NaCl were observed in the CIP, LA, and CIP-LA groups, and the EECs of lactic acid and NaCl were not detected in all treatments. The bacterial fluctuation rates of the CIP-LA and CIP-NaCl groups were considerably increased to 33% and 41%, respectively, corresponding to the injured cell proportions of 82% and 89%. CIP-NaCl induced persister cells as high as 2 log cfu/mL. The LA and NaCl treatments decreased the fitness cost. The CIP-NaCl treatment showed positive cross-resistance to erythromycin (ERY) and tetracycline (TET), while the LA and NaCl treatments were collaterally susceptible to chloramphenicol (CHL), ciprofloxacin (CIP), piperacillin (PIP), and TET. The results provide new insight into the fate of antibiotic-resistant S. Typhimurium during food processing and preservation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiseok Yi
- Department of Biomedical Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Gangwon, Republic of Korea;
| | - Juhee Ahn
- Department of Biomedical Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Gangwon, Republic of Korea;
- Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Gangwon, Republic of Korea
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19
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Kamal El-sagheir A, Abdelmesseh Nekhala I, Abd El-Gaber MK, Aboraia AS, Persson J, Schäfer AB, Wenzel M, Omar FA. Design, Synthesis, Molecular Modeling, Biological Activity, and Mechanism of Action of Novel Amino Acid Derivatives of Norfloxacin. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:43271-43284. [PMID: 38024743 PMCID: PMC10653056 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c07221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Revised: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
Two series of N4-substituted piperazinyl amino acid derivatives of norfloxacin (24 new compounds) were designed and synthesized to attain structural surrogates with additional binding sites and enhanced antibacterial activity. Synthesized derivatives showed increased antibacterial and antimycobacterial activity compared to their lead structure, norfloxacin. Molecular modeling studies supported the notion that the derivatives can establish additional bonds with the target enzymes gyrase and topoisomerase IV. In vitro enzyme inhibition assays confirmed that the tested compounds were significant inhibitors of these enzymes. Inhibition of gyrase and topoisomerase IV was then confirmed in living bacterial cells using bacterial cytological profiling of both Gram-negative Escherichia coli and Gram-positive Bacillus subtilis, revealing a typical topoisomerase inhibition phenotype characterized by severe nucleoid packing defects. Several derivatives exhibited additional effects on the Gram-positive cell wall synthesis machinery and/or the cytoplasmic membrane, which likely contributed to their increased antibacterial activity. While we could not identify specific cell wall or membrane targets, membrane depolarization was not observed. Our experiments further suggest that cell wall synthesis inhibition most likely occurs outside the membrane-bound lipid II cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ireny Abdelmesseh Nekhala
- Division
of Chemical Biology, Department of Life Sciences, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg 412 96, Sweden
| | | | - Ahmed S. Aboraia
- Medicinal
Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Assiut University, Assiut 71526, Egypt
| | - Jonatan Persson
- Division
of Chemical Biology, Department of Life Sciences, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg 412 96, Sweden
- Center
for Antibiotic Resistance Research in Gothenburg (CARe), Gothenburg 405 30, Sweden
| | - Ann-Britt Schäfer
- Division
of Chemical Biology, Department of Life Sciences, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg 412 96, Sweden
- Center
for Antibiotic Resistance Research in Gothenburg (CARe), Gothenburg 405 30, Sweden
| | - Michaela Wenzel
- Division
of Chemical Biology, Department of Life Sciences, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg 412 96, Sweden
- Center
for Antibiotic Resistance Research in Gothenburg (CARe), Gothenburg 405 30, Sweden
| | - Farghaly A. Omar
- Medicinal
Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Assiut University, Assiut 71526, Egypt
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20
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Xu T, Fang D, Li F, Wang Z, Liu Y. A Dietary Source of High Level of Fluoroquinolone Tolerance in mcr-Carrying Gram-Negative Bacteria. RESEARCH (WASHINGTON, D.C.) 2023; 6:0245. [PMID: 37808177 PMCID: PMC10557118 DOI: 10.34133/research.0245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
The emergence of antibiotic tolerance, characterized by the prolonged survival of bacteria following antibiotic exposure, in natural bacterial populations, especially in pathogens carrying antibiotic resistance genes, has been an increasing threat to public health. However, the major causes contributing to the formation of antibiotic tolerance and underlying molecular mechanisms are yet poorly understood. Herein, we show that potassium sorbate (PS), a widely used food additive, triggers a high level of fluoroquinolone tolerance in bacteria carrying mobile colistin resistance gene mcr. Mechanistic studies demonstrate that PS treatment results in the accumulation of intracellular fumarate, which activates bacterial two-component system and decreases the expression level of outer membrane protein OmpF, thereby reducing the uptake of ciprofloxacin. In addition, the supplementation of PS inhibits aerobic respiration, reduces reactive oxygen species production and alleviates DNA damage caused by bactericidal antibiotics. Furthermore, we demonstrate that succinate, an intermediate product of the tricarboxylic acid cycle, overcomes PS-mediated ciprofloxacin tolerance. In multiple animal models, ciprofloxacin treatment displays failure outcomes in PS preadministrated animals, including comparable survival and bacterial loads with the vehicle group. Taken together, our works offer novel mechanistic insights into the development of antibiotic tolerance and uncover potential risks associated with PS use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianqi Xu
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, College of Veterinary Medicine,
Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Dan Fang
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, College of Veterinary Medicine,
Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Fulei Li
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, College of Veterinary Medicine,
Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Zhiqiang Wang
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, College of Veterinary Medicine,
Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, the Ministry of Education of China,
Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Yuan Liu
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, College of Veterinary Medicine,
Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, the Ministry of Education of China,
Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Institute of Comparative Medicine,
Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
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21
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Amarh V, Abbey BA, Acheampong SA, Debrah MA, Amarquaye GN, Arthur PK. Codeine dysregulates ribosome biogenesis in Escherichia coli with DNA double-strand breaks to chart path to new classes of antibiotics. FUTURE DRUG DISCOVERY 2023; 5:FDD84. [PMID: 38464684 PMCID: PMC10918497 DOI: 10.4155/fdd-2023-0005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Aim A bacterial genetics-guided approach was utilized for the discovery of new compounds affecting bacterial genome stability. Materials & methods Fungal extracts and fractions were tested for genome instability-mediated antibacterial activity. Interaction assays and RT-qPCR were used to identify compounds that boost the activity of sub-minimum inhibitory concentration streptomycin and obtain insights on the molecular mechanisms of the primary hit compound, respectively. Results Several extracts and fractions caused bacterial genome instability. Codeine, in synergy with streptomycin, regulates double-strand break (DSB) repair and causes bacterial ribosome dysfunction in the absence of DSBs, and dysregulation of ribosome biogenesis in a DSB-dependent manner. Conclusion This study demonstrates a potential viable strategy that we are exploring for the discovery of new chemical entities with activities against Escherichia coli and other bacterial pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Amarh
- Department of Biochemistry, Cell & Molecular Biology, West African Center for Cell Biology of Infectious Pathogens, University of Ghana, PO Box LG54, Legon, Accra, Ghana
| | - Benaiah Annertey Abbey
- Department of Biochemistry, Cell & Molecular Biology, West African Center for Cell Biology of Infectious Pathogens, University of Ghana, PO Box LG54, Legon, Accra, Ghana
| | - Samuel Akwasi Acheampong
- Department of Biochemistry, Cell & Molecular Biology, West African Center for Cell Biology of Infectious Pathogens, University of Ghana, PO Box LG54, Legon, Accra, Ghana
| | - Michael Acheampong Debrah
- Department of Biochemistry, Cell & Molecular Biology, West African Center for Cell Biology of Infectious Pathogens, University of Ghana, PO Box LG54, Legon, Accra, Ghana
| | - Gwendolyn Nita Amarquaye
- Department of Biochemistry, Cell & Molecular Biology, West African Center for Cell Biology of Infectious Pathogens, University of Ghana, PO Box LG54, Legon, Accra, Ghana
| | - Patrick Kobina Arthur
- Department of Biochemistry, Cell & Molecular Biology, West African Center for Cell Biology of Infectious Pathogens, University of Ghana, PO Box LG54, Legon, Accra, Ghana
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22
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Biswas P, Sengupta S, Nagaraja V. Evolution of YacG to safeguard DNA gyrase from external perturbation. Res Microbiol 2023; 174:104093. [PMID: 37343614 DOI: 10.1016/j.resmic.2023.104093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Revised: 06/10/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023]
Abstract
Cells have evolved strategies to safeguard their genome integrity. We describe a mechanism to counter double strand breaks in the chromosome that involves the protection of an essential housekeeping enzyme from external agents. YacG is a DNA gyrase inhibitory protein from Escherichia coli that protects the bacterium from the cytotoxic effects of catalytic inhibitors as well as cleavage-complex stabilizers of DNA gyrase. By virtue of blocking the primary DNA binding site of the enzyme, YacG prevents the accumulation of double strand breaks induced by gyrase poisons. It also enables the bacterium to resist the growth-inhibitory property of novobiocin. Gyrase poison-induced oxidative stress upregulates YacG production, probably as a cellular response to counter DNA damage. YacG-mediated protection of the genome is specific for gyrase targeting agents as the protection is not observed from the action of general DNA damaging agents. YacG also intensifies the transcription stress induced by rifampicin substantiating the importance of gyrase activity during transcription. Although essential for bacterial survival, DNA gyrase often gets entrapped by external inhibitors and poisons, resulting in cell death. The existence of YacG to specifically protect an essential housekeeping enzyme might be a strategy adopted by bacteria for competitive fitness advantage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priti Biswas
- Department of Life Sciences, Presidency University Kolkata, 86/1 College Street, Kolkata-700073, India.
| | - Sugopa Sengupta
- Department of Life Sciences, Presidency University Kolkata, 86/1 College Street, Kolkata-700073, India.
| | - Valakunja Nagaraja
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India; Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Bangalore-560064, India.
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23
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Han YY, Wang JT, Cheng WC, Chen KL, Chi Y, Teng LJ, Wang JK, Wang YL. SERS-based rapid susceptibility testing of commonly administered antibiotics on clinically important bacteria species directly from blood culture of bacteremia patients. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2023; 39:282. [PMID: 37589866 PMCID: PMC10435613 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-023-03717-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Abstract
Bloodstream infections are a growing public health concern due to emerging pathogens and increasing antimicrobial resistance. Rapid antibiotic susceptibility testing (AST) is urgently needed for timely and optimized choice of antibiotics, but current methods require days to obtain results. Here, we present a general AST protocol based on surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS-AST) for bacteremia caused by eight clinically relevant Gram-positive and Gram-negative pathogens treated with seven commonly administered antibiotics. Our results show that the SERS-AST protocol achieves a high level of agreement (96% for Gram-positive and 97% for Gram-negative bacteria) with the widely deployed VITEK 2 diagnostic system. The protocol requires only five hours to complete per blood-culture sample, making it a rapid and effective alternative to conventional methods. Our findings provide a solid foundation for the SERS-AST protocol as a promising approach to optimize the choice of antibiotics for specific bacteremia patients. This novel protocol has the potential to improve patient outcomes and reduce the spread of antibiotic resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin-Yi Han
- Department of Anesthesiology, National Taiwan University Hospital, 7 Zhongshan S. Road, Taipei, 100225, Taiwan.
- Department of Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital, 7 Zhongshan S. Road, Taipei, 100225, Taiwan.
- Department of Traumatology, National Taiwan University Hospital, 7 Zhongshan S. Road, Taipei, 100225, Taiwan.
| | - Jann-Tay Wang
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, 7 Zhongshan S. Road, Taipei, 100225, Taiwan
- Taiwan National Institute of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes, 35 Keyan Road, Zhunan, Miaoli, 35053, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Chih Cheng
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, 1 Roosevelt Road Sec. 4, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
| | - Ko-Lun Chen
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, 1 Roosevelt Road Sec. 4, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
| | - Yi Chi
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, 1 Roosevelt Road Sec. 4, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
| | - Lee-Jene Teng
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences and Medical Biotechnology, National Taiwan University, 1, Roosevelt Road Sec. 4, Taipei, 10048, Taiwan
| | - Juen-Kai Wang
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, 1 Roosevelt Road Sec. 4, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan.
- Center for Condensed Matter Sciences, National Taiwan University, 1 Roosevelt Road Sec. 4, Taipei, 106319, Taiwan.
| | - Yuh-Lin Wang
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, 1 Roosevelt Road Sec. 4, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan.
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24
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Dauda SE, Collins JA, Byl JAW, Lu Y, Yalowich JC, Mitton-Fry MJ, Osheroff N. Actions of a Novel Bacterial Topoisomerase Inhibitor against Neisseria gonorrhoeae Gyrase and Topoisomerase IV: Enhancement of Double-Stranded DNA Breaks. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12107. [PMID: 37569485 PMCID: PMC10419083 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241512107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Novel bacterial topoisomerase inhibitors (NBTIs) are an emerging class of antibacterials that target gyrase and topoisomerase IV. A hallmark of NBTIs is their ability to induce gyrase/topoisomerase IV-mediated single-stranded DNA breaks and suppress the generation of double-stranded breaks. However, a previous study reported that some dioxane-linked amide NBTIs induced double-stranded DNA breaks mediated by Staphylococcus aureus gyrase. To further explore the ability of this NBTI subclass to increase double-stranded DNA breaks, we examined the effects of OSUAB-185 on DNA cleavage mediated by Neisseria gonorrhoeae gyrase and topoisomerase IV. OSUAB-185 induced single-stranded and suppressed double-stranded DNA breaks mediated by N. gonorrhoeae gyrase. However, the compound stabilized both single- and double-stranded DNA breaks mediated by topoisomerase IV. The induction of double-stranded breaks does not appear to correlate with the binding of a second OSUAB-185 molecule and extends to fluoroquinolone-resistant N. gonorrhoeae topoisomerase IV, as well as type II enzymes from other bacteria and humans. The double-stranded DNA cleavage activity of OSUAB-185 and other dioxane-linked NBTIs represents a paradigm shift in a hallmark characteristic of NBTIs and suggests that some members of this subclass may have alternative binding motifs in the cleavage complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soziema E. Dauda
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Jessica A. Collins
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Jo Ann W. Byl
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Yanran Lu
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Jack C. Yalowich
- Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 42310, USA
| | - Mark J. Mitton-Fry
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Neil Osheroff
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Department of Medicine (Hematology/Oncology), Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- VA Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, TN 37212, USA
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25
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Cherif J, Raddaoui A, Trabelsi M, Souissi N. Diagnostic low-dose X-ray radiation induces fluoroquinolone resistance in pathogenic bacteria. Int J Radiat Biol 2023; 99:1971-1977. [PMID: 37436698 DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2023.2232016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/13/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The crisis of antibiotic resistance has been attributed to the overuse or misuse of these medications. However, exposure of bacteria to physical stresses such as X-ray radiation, can also lead to the development of resistance to antibiotics. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of exposure to diagnostic low-dose X-ray radiation on the bacterial response to antibiotics in two pathogenic bacteria, including the Gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus and Gram-negative Salmonella enteritidis. METHODS The bacterial strains were exposed to diagnostic X-ray doses of 5 and 10 mGy, which are equivalent to the doses delivered to patients during conventional radiography X-ray examinations in accordance with the European guidelines on quality criteria for diagnostic radiographic images. Following exposure to X-ray radiation, the samples were used to estimate bacterial growth dynamics and perform antibiotic susceptibility tests. RESULTS The results indicate that exposure to diagnostic low-dose X-ray radiation increased the number of viable bacterial colonies of both Staphylococcus aureus and Salmonella enteritidis and caused a significant change in bacterial susceptibility to antibiotics. For instance, in Staphylococcus aureus, the diameter of the inhibition zones for marbofloxacin decreased from 29.66 mm before irradiation to 7 mm after irradiation. A significant decrease in the inhibition zone was also observed for penicillin. In the case of Salmonella enteritidis, the diameter of the inhibition zone for marbofloxacin was 29 mm in unexposed bacteria but decreased to 15.66 mm after exposure to 10 mGy of X-ray radiation. Furthermore, a significant decrease in the inhibition zone was detected for amoxicillin and amoxicillin/clavulanic acid (AMC). CONCLUSION It is concluded that exposure to diagnostic X-ray radiation can significantly alter bacterial susceptibility to antibiotics. This irradiation decreased the effectiveness of fluoroquinolone and β-lactam antibiotics. Specifically, low-dose X-rays made Staphylococcus aureus resistant to marbofloxacin and increased its resistance to penicillin. Similarly, Salmonella Enteritidis became resistant to both marbofloxacin and enrofloxacin, and showed reduced sensitivity to amoxicillin and AMC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaouhra Cherif
- Laboratory of Biophysics and Medical Technologies, Higher Institute of Medical Technologies of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Anis Raddaoui
- Laboratory Ward, National Bone Marrow Transplant Center, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Meriam Trabelsi
- Higher Institute of Medical Technologies of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Nada Souissi
- Bacteriology Laboratory, Tunisian Institute of Veterinary Research, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
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26
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Olina A, Agapov A, Yudin D, Sutormin D, Galivondzhyan A, Kuzmenko A, Severinov K, Aravin AA, Kulbachinskiy A. Bacterial Argonaute Proteins Aid Cell Division in the Presence of Topoisomerase Inhibitors in Escherichia coli. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0414622. [PMID: 37102866 PMCID: PMC10269773 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.04146-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Prokaryotic Argonaute (pAgo) proteins are guide-dependent nucleases that function in host defense against invaders. Recently, it was shown that TtAgo from Thermus thermophilus also participates in the completion of DNA replication by decatenating chromosomal DNA. Here, we show that two pAgos from cyanobacteria Synechococcus elongatus (SeAgo) and Limnothrix rosea (LrAgo) are active in heterologous Escherichia coli and aid cell division in the presence of the gyrase inhibitor ciprofloxacin, depending on the host double-strand break repair machinery. Both pAgos are preferentially loaded with small guide DNAs (smDNAs) derived from the sites of replication termination. Ciprofloxacin increases the amounts of smDNAs from the termination region and from the sites of genomic DNA cleavage by gyrase, suggesting that smDNA biogenesis depends on DNA replication and is stimulated by gyrase inhibition. Ciprofloxacin enhances asymmetry in the distribution of smDNAs around Chi sites, indicating that it induces double-strand breaks that serve as a source of smDNA during their processing by RecBCD. While active in E. coli, SeAgo does not protect its native host S. elongatus from ciprofloxacin. These results suggest that pAgo nucleases may help to complete replication of chromosomal DNA by promoting chromosome decatenation or participating in the processing of gyrase cleavage sites, and may switch their functional activities depending on the host species. IMPORTANCE Prokaryotic Argonautes (pAgos) are programmable nucleases with incompletely understood functions in vivo. In contrast to eukaryotic Argonautes, most studied pAgos recognize DNA targets. Recent studies suggested that pAgos can protect bacteria from invader DNA and counteract phage infection and may also have other functions including possible roles in DNA replication, repair, and gene regulation. Here, we have demonstrated that two cyanobacterial pAgos, SeAgo and LrAgo, can assist DNA replication and facilitate cell division in the presence of topoisomerase inhibitors in Escherichia coli. They are specifically loaded with small guide DNAs from the region of replication termination and protect the cells from the action of the gyrase inhibitor ciprofloxacin, suggesting that they help to complete DNA replication and/or repair gyrase-induced breaks. The results show that pAgo proteins may serve as a backup to topoisomerases under conditions unfavorable for DNA replication and may modulate the resistance of host bacterial strains to antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Olina
- Institute of Molecular Genetics, National Research Center “Kurchatov Institute”, Moscow, Russia
| | - Aleksei Agapov
- Institute of Molecular Genetics, National Research Center “Kurchatov Institute”, Moscow, Russia
| | - Denis Yudin
- Institute of Molecular Genetics, National Research Center “Kurchatov Institute”, Moscow, Russia
| | - Dmitry Sutormin
- Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Moscow, Russia
| | | | - Anton Kuzmenko
- Institute of Molecular Genetics, National Research Center “Kurchatov Institute”, Moscow, Russia
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California, USA
| | | | - Alexei A. Aravin
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California, USA
| | - Andrey Kulbachinskiy
- Institute of Molecular Genetics, National Research Center “Kurchatov Institute”, Moscow, Russia
- Institute of Gene Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
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27
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Yao J, Zou P, Cui Y, Quan L, Gao C, Li Z, Gong W, Yang M. Recent Advances in Strategies to Combat Bacterial Drug Resistance: Antimicrobial Materials and Drug Delivery Systems. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15041188. [PMID: 37111673 PMCID: PMC10141387 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15041188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacterial infection is a common clinical disease. Antibiotics have saved countless lives since their discovery and are a powerful weapon in the fight against bacteria. However, with the widespread use of antibiotics, the problem of drug resistance now poses a great threat to human health. In recent years, studies have investigated approaches to combat bacterial resistance. Several antimicrobial materials and drug delivery systems have emerged as promising strategies. Nano-drug delivery systems for antibiotics can reduce the resistance to antibiotics and extend the lifespan of novel antibiotics, and they allow targeting drug delivery compared to conventional antibiotics. This review highlights the mechanistic insights of using different strategies to combat drug-resistant bacteria and summarizes the recent advancements in antimicrobial materials and drug delivery systems for different carriers. Furthermore, the fundamental properties of combating antimicrobial resistance are discussed, and the current challenges and future perspectives in this field are proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxin Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Pengfei Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Yanan Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Liangzhu Quan
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing 100850, China
- School of Pharmacy, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Chunsheng Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Zhiping Li
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Wei Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Meiyan Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
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28
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Rubin DH, Mortimer TD, Grad YH. Neisseria gonorrhoeae diagnostic escape from a gyrA-based test for ciprofloxacin susceptibility and the effect on zoliflodacin resistance: a bacterial genetics and experimental evolution study. THE LANCET. MICROBE 2023; 4:e247-e254. [PMID: 36868257 PMCID: PMC10071290 DOI: 10.1016/s2666-5247(22)00356-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Revised: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 03/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aetiological bacterial agent of gonorrhoea, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, has become resistant to each of the first-line antibiotics used to treat it, including ciprofloxacin. One diagnostic approach to identify ciprofloxacin-susceptible isolates is to determine codon 91 in the gene encoding the A subunit of DNA gyrase, gyrA, where coding for the wild-type serine (gyrA91S) is associated with ciprofloxacin susceptibility and phenylalanine (gyrA91F) with resistance. The aim of this study was to investigate the possibility of diagnostic escape from gyrA susceptibility testing. METHODS We used bacterial genetics to introduce pairwise substitutions in GyrA positions 91 (S or F) and 95 (D, G, or N), which is a second site in GyrA associated with ciprofloxacin resistance, into five clinical isolates of N gonorrhoeae. All five isolates encoded GyrA S91F, an additional substitution in GyrA at position 95, substitutions in ParC that are known to cause an increased minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) to ciprofloxacin, and GyrB 429D, which is associated with susceptibility to zoliflodacin (a spiropyrimidinetrione-class antibiotic in phase 3 trials for treatment of gonorrhoea). We evolved these isolates to assess for the existence of pathways to ciprofloxacin resistance (MIC ≥1 μg/mL) and measured MICs for ciprofloxacin and zoliflodacin. In parallel, we searched metagenomic data for 11 355 N gonorrhoeae clinical isolates with reported ciprofloxacin MICs that were publicly available from the European Nucleotide Archive for strains that would be identified as susceptible by gyrA codon 91-based assays. FINDINGS Three clinical isolates of N gonorrhoeae with substitutions in GyrA position 95 associated with resistance (G or N) maintained intermediate ciprofloxacin MICs (0·125-0·5 μg/mL), which has been associated with treatment failure, despite reversion of GyrA position 91 from phenylalanine to serine. From an in-silico analysis of the 11 355 genomes from N gonorrhoeae clinical isolates, we identified 30 isolates with gyrA codon 91 encoding a serine and a ciprofloxacin resistance-associated mutation at codon 95. The reported MICs for these isolates varied from 0·023 μg/mL to 0·25 μg/mL, including four with intermediate ciprofloxacin MICs (associated with substantially increased risk of treatment failure). Finally, through experimental evolution, one clinical isolate of N gonorrhoeae bearing GyrA 91S acquired ciprofloxacin resistance through mutations in the gene encoding for the B subunit of DNA gyrase (gyrB) that also conferred reduced susceptibility to zoliflodacin (ie, MIC ≥2 μg/mL). INTERPRETATION Diagnostic escape from gyrA codon 91 diagnostics could occur through either reversion of the gyrA allele or expansion of circulating lineages. N gonorrhoeae genomic surveillance efforts might benefit from including gyrB, given its potential for contributing to ciprofloxacin and zoliflodacin resistance, and diagnostic strategies that reduce the likelihood of escape, such as the incorporation of multiple target sites, should be investigated. Diagnostics that guide antibiotic therapy can have unintended consequences, including novel resistance determinants and antibiotic cross-resistance. FUNDING US National Institutes of Health National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institute of General Medical Sciences, and the Smith Family Foundation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Hf Rubin
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Tatum D Mortimer
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Yonatan H Grad
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
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29
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Baran A, Kwiatkowska A, Potocki L. Antibiotics and Bacterial Resistance-A Short Story of an Endless Arms Race. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24065777. [PMID: 36982857 PMCID: PMC10056106 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24065777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite the undisputed development of medicine, antibiotics still serve as first-choice drugs for patients with infectious disorders. The widespread use of antibiotics results from a wide spectrum of their actions encompassing mechanisms responsible for: the inhibition of bacterial cell wall biosynthesis, the disruption of cell membrane integrity, the suppression of nucleic acids and/or proteins synthesis, as well as disturbances of metabolic processes. However, the widespread availability of antibiotics, accompanied by their overprescription, acts as a double-edged sword, since the overuse and/or misuse of antibiotics leads to a growing number of multidrug-resistant microbes. This, in turn, has recently emerged as a global public health challenge facing both clinicians and their patients. In addition to intrinsic resistance, bacteria can acquire resistance to particular antimicrobial agents through the transfer of genetic material conferring resistance. Amongst the most common bacterial resistance strategies are: drug target site changes, increased cell wall permeability to antibiotics, antibiotic inactivation, and efflux pumps. A better understanding of the interplay between the mechanisms of antibiotic actions and bacterial defense strategies against particular antimicrobial agents is crucial for developing new drugs or drug combinations. Herein, we provide a brief overview of the current nanomedicine-based strategies that aim to improve the efficacy of antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Baran
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Natural Sciences, University of Rzeszów, Pigonia 1, 35-310 Rzeszow, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Kwiatkowska
- Institute of Physical Culture Studies, College of Medical Sciences, University of Rzeszów, ul. Towarnickiego 3, 35-959 Rzeszów, Poland
| | - Leszek Potocki
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Natural Sciences, University of Rzeszów, Pigonia 1, 35-310 Rzeszow, Poland
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30
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Dhiman S, Ramirez D, Li Y, Kumar A, Arthur G, Schweizer F. Chimeric Tobramycin-Based Adjuvant TOB-TOB-CIP Potentiates Fluoroquinolone and β-Lactam Antibiotics against Multidrug-Resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa. ACS Infect Dis 2023; 9:864-885. [PMID: 36917096 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.2c00549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/15/2023]
Abstract
According to the World Health Organization, antibiotic resistance is a global health threat. Of particular importance are infections caused by multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacteria including Escherichia coli, Acinetobacter baumannii, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa for which limited treatment options exist. Multiple and simultaneously occurring resistance mechanisms including outer membrane impermeability, overexpression of efflux pumps, antibiotic-modifying enzymes, and modification of genes and antibiotic targets have made antibiotic drug development more difficult against these pathogens. One strategy to cope with these challenges is the use of outer membrane permeabilizers that increase the intracellular concentration of antibiotics when used in combination. In some circumstances, this approach can rescue antibiotics from resistance or repurpose currently marketed antibiotics. Tobramycin-based hybrid antibiotic adjuvants that combine two outer membrane-active components have been previously shown to potentiate antibiotics by facilitating transit through the outer membrane, resulting in increased antibiotic accumulation within the cell. Herein, we extended the concept of tobramycin-based hybrid antibiotic adjuvants to tobramycin-based chimeras by engineering up to three different membrane-active antibiotic warheads such as tobramycin, 1-(1-naphthylmethyl)-piperazine, ciprofloxacin, and cyclam into a central 1,3,5-triazine scaffold. Chimera 4 (TOB-TOB-CIP) consistently synergized with ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin, and moxifloxacin against wild-type and fluoroquinolone-resistant P. aeruginosa. Moreover, the susceptibility breakpoints of ceftazidime, aztreonam, and imipenem were reached using the triple combination of chimera 4 with ceftazidime/avibactam, aztreonam/avibactam, and imipenem/relebactam, respectively, against β-lactamase-harboring P. aeruginosa. Our findings demonstrate that tobramycin-based chimeras form a novel class of antibiotic potentiators capable of restoring the activity of antibiotics against P. aeruginosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiv Dhiman
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg R3T 2N2, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Danyel Ramirez
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg R3T 2N2, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Yanqi Li
- Department of Microbiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg R3T 2N2, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Ayush Kumar
- Department of Microbiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg R3T 2N2, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Gilbert Arthur
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Genetics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg R3E 0J9, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Frank Schweizer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg R3T 2N2, Manitoba, Canada
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31
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Alsughayer A, Elassar AA, Hasan AA, AlSagheer F. Novel synthesis of
N
‐acrylamidociprofloxacin and related polymers: Bioactivity, drug resistance, and drug release. J Appl Polym Sci 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/app.53789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Abdulhakeem Alsughayer
- Pharmaceutical Science Department, College of Health Science The Public Authority for Applied Education and Training Shuwaikh Kuwait
| | - Abdel‐Zaher A. Elassar
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science Kuwait University Kuwait City Kuwait
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science Helwan University Cairo Egypt
| | - Abdulaziz A. Hasan
- Pharmaceutical Science Department, College of Health Science The Public Authority for Applied Education and Training Shuwaikh Kuwait
| | - Fakhreia AlSagheer
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science Kuwait University Kuwait City Kuwait
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32
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Tang J, Brynildsen MP. Genome-wide mapping of fluoroquinolone-stabilized DNA gyrase cleavage sites displays drug specific effects that correlate with bacterial persistence. Nucleic Acids Res 2023; 51:1208-1228. [PMID: 36631985 PMCID: PMC9943676 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkac1223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 12/03/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacterial persisters are rare phenotypic variants that are suspected to be culprits of recurrent infections. Fluoroquinolones (FQs) are a class of antibiotics that facilitate bacterial killing by stabilizing bacterial type II topoisomerases when they are in a complex with cleaved DNA. In Escherichia coli, DNA gyrase is the primary FQ target, and previous work has demonstrated that persisters are not spared from FQ-induced DNA damage. Since DNA gyrase cleavage sites (GCSs) largely govern the sites of DNA damage from FQ treatment, we hypothesized that GCS characteristics (e.g. number, strength, location) may influence persistence. To test this hypothesis, we measured genome-wide GCS distributions after treatment with a panel of FQs in stationary-phase cultures. We found drug-specific effects on the GCS distribution and discovered a strong negative correlation between the genomic cleavage strength and FQ persister levels. Further experiments and analyses suggested that persistence was unlikely to be governed by cleavage to individual sites, but rather survival was a function of the genomic GCS distribution. Together, these findings demonstrate FQ-specific differences in GCS distribution that correlate with persister levels and suggest that FQs that better stabilize DNA gyrase in cleaved complexes with DNA will lead to lower levels of persistence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juechun Tang
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Mark P Brynildsen
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
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Osman EO, Attia H, Samir R, Mahmoud Z. Design, Synthesis, and Antibacterial Activity of a New Series of Ciprofloxacin-Thiadiazole Hybrid. J Mol Struct 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2023.135135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
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Hernandez-Morfa M, Reinoso-Vizcaíno NM, Olivero NB, Zappia VE, Cortes PR, Jaime A, Echenique J. Host Cell Oxidative Stress Promotes Intracellular Fluoroquinolone Persisters of Streptococcus pneumoniae. Microbiol Spectr 2022; 10:e0436422. [PMID: 36445159 PMCID: PMC9769771 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.04364-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacterial persisters represent a small subpopulation that tolerates high antibiotic concentrations without acquiring heritable resistance, and it may be generated by environmental factors. Here, we report the first antibiotic persistence mechanism in Streptococcus pneumoniae, which is induced by oxidative stress conditions and allows the pneumococcus to survive in the presence of fluoroquinolones. We demonstrated that fluoroquinolone persistence is prompted by both the impact of growth arrest and the oxidative stress response induced by H2O2 in bacterial cells. This process protected pneumococci against the deleterious effects of high ROS levels induced by fluoroquinolones. Importantly, S. pneumoniae develops persistence during infection, and is dependent on the oxidative stress status of the host cells, indicating that its transient intracellular life contributes to this mechanism. Furthermore, our findings suggest persistence may influence the outcome of antibiotic therapy and be part of a multistep mechanism in the evolution of fluoroquinolone resistance. IMPORTANCE In S. pneumoniae, different mechanisms that counteract antibiotic effects have been described, such as vancomycin tolerance, heteroresistance to penicillin and fluoroquinolone resistance, which critically affect the therapeutic efficacy. Antibiotic persistence is a type of antibiotic tolerance that allows a bacterial subpopulation to survive lethal antimicrobial concentrations. In this work, we used a host-cell infection model to reveal fluoroquinolone persistence in S. pneumoniae. This mechanism is induced by oxidative stress that the pneumococcus must overcome to survive in host cells. Many fluoroquinolones, such as levofloxacin and moxifloxacin, have a broad spectrum of activity against bacterial pathogens of community-acquired pneumonia, and they are used to treat pneumococcal diseases. However, the emergence of fluoroquinolone-resistant strains complicates antibiotic treatment of invasive infections. Consequently, antibiotic persistence in S. pneumoniae is clinically relevant due to prolonged exposure to fluoroquinolones likely favors the acquisition of mutations that generate antibiotic resistance in persisters. In addition, this work contributes to the knowledge of antibiotic persistence mechanisms in bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirelys Hernandez-Morfa
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología (CIBICI)-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Córdoba, Argentina
- Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Nicolás M. Reinoso-Vizcaíno
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología (CIBICI)-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Córdoba, Argentina
- Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Nadia B. Olivero
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología (CIBICI)-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Córdoba, Argentina
- Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Victoria E. Zappia
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología (CIBICI)-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Córdoba, Argentina
- Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Paulo R. Cortes
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología (CIBICI)-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Córdoba, Argentina
- Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Andrea Jaime
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología (CIBICI)-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Córdoba, Argentina
- Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - José Echenique
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología (CIBICI)-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Córdoba, Argentina
- Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
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Saleh MA, Elmaaty AA, El Saeed HS, Saleh MM, Salah M, Ezz Eldin RR. Structure based design and synthesis of 3-(7-nitro-3-oxo-3,4-dihydroquinoxalin-2-yl)propanehydrazide derivatives as novel bacterial DNA-gyrase inhibitors: In-vitro, In-vivo, In-silico and SAR studies. Bioorg Chem 2022; 129:106186. [PMID: 36215786 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2022.106186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Revised: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is one of the critical challenges that have been encountered over the past years. On the other hand, bacterial DNA gyrase is regarded as one of the most outstanding biological targets that quinolones can extensively inhibit, improving AMR. Hence, a novel series of 3-(7-nitro-3-oxo-3,4-dihydroquinoxalin-2-yl)propanehydrazide derivatives (3-6j) were designed and synthesized employing the quinoxaline-2-one scaffold and relying on the pharmacophoric features experienced by the quinolone antibiotic; ciprofloxacin. The antibacterial activity of the synthesized compounds was assessed via in-vitro approaches using eight different Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial species. Most of the synthesized compounds revealed eligible antibacterial activities. In particular, compounds 6d and 6e displayed promising antibacterial activity among the investigated compounds. For example, compounds 6d and 6e displayed MIC values of 9.40 and 9.00 µM, respectively, regarding S. aureus, and 4.70 and 4.50 µM, respectively, regarding S. pneumonia in comparison to ciprofloxacin (12.07 µM). The cytotoxicity of compounds 6d and 6e were performed on normal human WI-38 cell lines with IC50 values of 288.69 and 227.64 μM, respectively assuring their safety and selectivity. Besides, DNA gyrase inhibition assay of compounds 6d and 6e was carried out in comparison to ciprofloxacin, and interestingly, compounds 6d and 6e disclosed promising IC50 values of 0.242 and 0.177 μM, respectively, whereas ciprofloxacin displayed an IC50 value of 0.768 μM, assuring the proposed mechanism of action for the afforded compounds. Consequently, compounds 6d and 6e were further assessed via in-vivo approaches by evaluating blood counts, liver and kidney functions, and histopathological examination. Both compounds were found to be safer on the liver and kidney than the reference ciprofloxacin. Moreover, in-silico molecular docking studies were established and revealed reasonable binding affinities for all afforded compounds, particularly compound 6d which exhibited a binding score of -7.51 kcal/mol, surpassing the reference ciprofloxacin (-7.29 kcal/mol) with better anticipated stability at the DNA gyrase binding pocket. Moreover, ADME studies were conducted, disclosing an eligible bioavailability score of >0.55 for all afforded compounds, and reasonable GIT absorption without passing the blood brain barrier was attained for most investigated compounds, ensuring their efficacy and safety. Lastly, a structure activity relationship study for the synthesized compounds was established and unveiled that not only the main pharmacophores required for DNA gyrase inhibition are enough for exerting promising antimicrobial activities, but also derivatization with diverse aryl/hetero aryl aldehydes is essential for their enhanced antimicrobial potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marwa A Saleh
- Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Girls), Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ayman Abo Elmaaty
- Medicinal Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Port Said University, Port Said 42526, Egypt.
| | - Hoda S El Saeed
- Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Girls), Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Moustafa M Saleh
- Microbiology and Immunology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Port Said University, Egypt
| | - Mohammed Salah
- Microbiology and Immunology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Port Said University, Egypt
| | - Rogy R Ezz Eldin
- Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Port Said University, Port Said, Egypt.
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Miranda CD, Concha C, Godoy FA, Lee MR. Aquatic Environments as Hotspots of Transferable Low-Level Quinolone Resistance and Their Potential Contribution to High-Level Quinolone Resistance. Antibiotics (Basel) 2022; 11:1487. [PMID: 36358142 PMCID: PMC9687057 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11111487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2022] [Revised: 10/01/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The disposal of antibiotics in the aquatic environment favors the selection of bacteria exhibiting antibiotic resistance mechanisms. Quinolones are bactericidal antimicrobials extensively used in both human and animal medicine. Some of the quinolone-resistance mechanisms are encoded by different bacterial genes, whereas others are the result of mutations in the enzymes on which those antibiotics act. The worldwide occurrence of quinolone resistance genes in aquatic environments has been widely reported, particularly in areas impacted by urban discharges. The most commonly reported quinolone resistance gene, qnr, encodes for the Qnr proteins that protect DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV from quinolone activity. It is important to note that low-level resistance usually constitutes the first step in the development of high-level resistance, because bacteria carrying these genes have an adaptive advantage compared to the highly susceptible bacterial population in environments with low concentrations of this antimicrobial group. In addition, these genes can act additively with chromosomal mutations in the sequences of the target proteins of quinolones leading to high-level quinolone resistance. The occurrence of qnr genes in aquatic environments is most probably caused by the release of bacteria carrying these genes through anthropogenic pollution and maintained by the selective activity of antimicrobial residues discharged into these environments. This increase in the levels of quinolone resistance has consequences both in clinical settings and the wider aquatic environment, where there is an increased exposure risk to the general population, representing a significant threat to the efficacy of quinolone-based human and animal therapies. In this review the potential role of aquatic environments as reservoirs of the qnr genes, their activity in reducing the susceptibility to various quinolones, and the possible ways these genes contribute to the acquisition and spread of high-level resistance to quinolones will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudio D. Miranda
- Laboratorio de Patobiología Acuática, Departamento de Acuicultura, Universidad Católica del Norte, Coquimbo 1780000, Chile
| | - Christopher Concha
- Laboratorio de Patobiología Acuática, Departamento de Acuicultura, Universidad Católica del Norte, Coquimbo 1780000, Chile
| | - Félix A. Godoy
- Centro i~mar, Universidad de Los Lagos, Puerto Montt 5480000, Chile
| | - Matthew R. Lee
- Centro i~mar, Universidad de Los Lagos, Puerto Montt 5480000, Chile
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Park M, Kim J, Feinstein J, Lang KS, Ryu S, Jeon B. Development of Fluoroquinolone Resistance through Antibiotic Tolerance in Campylobacter jejuni. Microbiol Spectr 2022; 10:e0166722. [PMID: 36066254 PMCID: PMC9602944 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.01667-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Antibiotic tolerance not only enables bacteria to survive acute antibiotic exposures but also provides bacteria with a window of time in which to develop antibiotic resistance. The increasing prevalence of Campylobacter jejuni isolates resistant to clinically important antibiotics, particularly fluoroquinolones (FQs), is a global public health concern. Currently, little is known about antibiotic tolerance and its effects on resistance development in C. jejuni. Here, we show that exposure to ciprofloxacin or tetracycline at concentrations 10 and 100 times higher than the MIC induces antibiotic tolerance in C. jejuni, whereas gentamicin or erythromycin treatment causes cell death. Interestingly, FQ resistance rapidly develops in C. jejuni after tolerance induction by ciprofloxacin and tetracycline. Furthermore, after tolerance is induced, alkyl hydroperoxide reductase (AhpC) plays a critical role in reducing FQ resistance development by alleviating oxidative stress. Together, these results demonstrate that exposure of C. jejuni to antibiotics can induce antibiotic tolerance and that FQ-resistant (FQR) C. jejuni clones rapidly emerge after tolerance induction. This study elucidates the mechanisms underlying the high prevalence of FQR C. jejuni and provides insights into the effects of antibiotic tolerance on resistance development. IMPORTANCE Antibiotic tolerance compromises the efficacy of antibiotic treatment by extending bacterial survival and facilitating the development of mutations associated with antibiotic resistance. Despite growing public health concerns about antibiotic resistance in C. jejuni, antibiotic tolerance has not yet been investigated in this important zoonotic pathogen. Here, our results show that exposure of C. jejuni to ciprofloxacin or tetracycline leads to antibiotic tolerance development, which subsequently facilitates the emergence of FQR C. jejuni. Importantly, these antibiotics are commonly used in animal agriculture. Moreover, our study suggests that the use of non-FQ drugs in animal agriculture promotes FQ resistance development, which is crucial because antibiotic-resistant C. jejuni is primarily transmitted from animals to humans. Overall, these findings increase our understanding of the mechanisms of resistance development through the induction of antibiotic tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myungseo Park
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, Minnesota, USA
| | - Jinshil Kim
- Department of Food and Animal Biotechnology, Research Institute for Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Center for Food and Bioconvergence, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jill Feinstein
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, Minnesota, USA
| | - Kevin S. Lang
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, Minnesota, USA
| | - Sangryeol Ryu
- Department of Food and Animal Biotechnology, Research Institute for Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Center for Food and Bioconvergence, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Byeonghwa Jeon
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, Minnesota, USA
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Revitt‐Mills SA, Wright EK, Vereker M, O'Flaherty C, McPherson F, Dawson C, van Oijen AM, Robinson A. Defects in DNA double-strand break repair resensitize antibiotic-resistant Escherichia coli to multiple bactericidal antibiotics. Microbiologyopen 2022; 11:e1316. [PMID: 36314749 PMCID: PMC9500592 DOI: 10.1002/mbo3.1316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Revised: 09/03/2022] [Accepted: 09/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Antibiotic resistance is becoming increasingly prevalent amongst bacterial pathogens and there is an urgent need to develop new types of antibiotics with novel modes of action. One promising strategy is to develop resistance-breaker compounds, which inhibit resistance mechanisms and thus resensitize bacteria to existing antibiotics. In the current study, we identify bacterial DNA double-strand break repair as a promising target for the development of resistance-breaking co-therapies. We examined genetic variants of Escherichia coli that combined antibiotic-resistance determinants with DNA repair defects. We observed that defects in the double-strand break repair pathway led to significant resensitization toward five bactericidal antibiotics representing different functional classes. Effects ranged from partial to full resensitization. For ciprofloxacin and nitrofurantoin, sensitization manifested as a reduction in the minimum inhibitory concentration. For kanamycin and trimethoprim, sensitivity manifested through increased rates of killing at high antibiotic concentrations. For ampicillin, repair defects dramatically reduced antibiotic tolerance. Ciprofloxacin, nitrofurantoin, and trimethoprim induce the promutagenic SOS response. Disruption of double-strand break repair strongly dampened the induction of SOS by these antibiotics. Our findings suggest that if break-repair inhibitors can be developed they could resensitize antibiotic-resistant bacteria to multiple classes of existing antibiotics and may suppress the development of de novo antibiotic-resistance mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah A. Revitt‐Mills
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience, Molecular Horizons InstituteUniversity of WollongongWollongongNew South WalesAustralia
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research InstituteWollongongNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Elizabeth K. Wright
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience, Molecular Horizons InstituteUniversity of WollongongWollongongNew South WalesAustralia
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research InstituteWollongongNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Madaline Vereker
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience, Molecular Horizons InstituteUniversity of WollongongWollongongNew South WalesAustralia
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research InstituteWollongongNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Callum O'Flaherty
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience, Molecular Horizons InstituteUniversity of WollongongWollongongNew South WalesAustralia
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research InstituteWollongongNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Fairley McPherson
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience, Molecular Horizons InstituteUniversity of WollongongWollongongNew South WalesAustralia
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research InstituteWollongongNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Catherine Dawson
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience, Molecular Horizons InstituteUniversity of WollongongWollongongNew South WalesAustralia
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research InstituteWollongongNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Antoine M. van Oijen
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience, Molecular Horizons InstituteUniversity of WollongongWollongongNew South WalesAustralia
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research InstituteWollongongNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Andrew Robinson
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience, Molecular Horizons InstituteUniversity of WollongongWollongongNew South WalesAustralia
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research InstituteWollongongNew South WalesAustralia
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Ansari S, Yamaoka Y. Helicobacter pylori Infection, Its Laboratory Diagnosis, and Antimicrobial Resistance: a Perspective of Clinical Relevance. Clin Microbiol Rev 2022; 35:e0025821. [PMID: 35404105 PMCID: PMC9491184 DOI: 10.1128/cmr.00258-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite the recent decrease in overall prevalence of Helicobacter pylori infection, morbidity and mortality rates associated with gastric cancer remain high. The antimicrobial resistance developments and treatment failure are fueling the global burden of H. pylori-associated gastric complications. Accurate diagnosis remains the opening move for treatment and eradication of infections caused by microorganisms. Although several reports have been published on diagnostic approaches for H. pylori infection, most lack the data regarding diagnosis from a clinical perspective. Therefore, we provide an intensive, comprehensive, and updated description of the currently available diagnostic methods that can help clinicians, infection diagnosis professionals, and H. pylori researchers working on infection epidemiology to broaden their understanding and to select appropriate diagnostic methods. We also emphasize appropriate diagnostic approaches based on clinical settings (either clinical diagnosis or mass screening), patient factors (either age or other predisposing factors), and clinical factors (either upper gastrointestinal bleeding or partial gastrectomy) and appropriate methods to be considered for evaluating eradication efficacy. Furthermore, to cope with the increasing trend of antimicrobial resistance, a better understanding of its emergence and current diagnostic approaches for resistance detection remain inevitable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shamshul Ansari
- Department of Environmental and Preventive Medicine, Oita University Faculty of Medicine, Yufu City, Oita, Japan
| | - Yoshio Yamaoka
- Department of Environmental and Preventive Medicine, Oita University Faculty of Medicine, Yufu City, Oita, Japan
- Department of Medicine, Gastroenterology and Hepatology Section, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
- Institute of Tropical Disease, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
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Mitra S, Sultana SA, Prova SR, Uddin TM, Islam F, Das R, Nainu F, Sartini S, Chidambaram K, Alhumaydhi FA, Emran TB, Simal-Gandara J. Investigating forthcoming strategies to tackle deadly superbugs: current status and future vision. Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther 2022; 20:1309-1332. [PMID: 36069241 DOI: 10.1080/14787210.2022.2122442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Superbugs are microorganisms that cause disease and have increased resistance to the treatments typically used against infections. Recently, antibiotic resistance development has been more rapid than the pace at which antibiotics are manufactured, leading to refractory infections of pathogenic bacteria. Scientists are concerned that a particularly virulent and lethal "superbug" will one day join the ranks of existing bacteria that cause incurable diseases, resulting in a global health disaster on the scale of the Black Death. AREAS COVERED Therefore, this study highlights the current developments in the management of antibiotic-resistant bacteria and recommends strategies for further regulating antibiotic-resistant microorganisms associated with the healthcare system. This review also addresses the origins, prevalence, and pathogenicity of superbugs, and the design of antibacterial against these growing multidrug-resistant organisms from a medical perspective. EXPERT OPINION It is recommended that antimicrobial resistance (AMR) should be addressed by limiting human-to-human transmission of resistant strains, lowering the use of broad-spectrum antibiotics, and developing novel antimicrobials. Using the risk-factor domains framework from this study would assure that not only clinical but also community and hospital-specific factors are covered, lowering the chance of confounders. Extensive subjective research is necessary to fully understand the underlying factors and uncover previously unexplored areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saikat Mitra
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Dhaka, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh
| | - Sifat Ara Sultana
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Dhaka, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh
| | - Shajuthi Rahman Prova
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Dhaka, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh
| | - Tanvir Mahtab Uddin
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Dhaka, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh
| | - Fahadul Islam
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, Dhaka 1207, Bangladesh
| | - Rajib Das
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Dhaka, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh
| | - Firzan Nainu
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, South Sulawesi 90245, Indonesia
| | - Sartini Sartini
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hasanuddin University, Makassar 90245, Indonesia
| | - Kumarappan Chidambaram
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Abha 62529, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fahad A Alhumaydhi
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah 52571, Saudi Arabia
| | - Talha Bin Emran
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, Dhaka 1207, Bangladesh.,Department of Pharmacy, BGC Trust University Bangladesh, Chittagong 4381, Bangladesh
| | - Jesus Simal-Gandara
- Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Department of Analytical and Food Chemistry, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University of Vigo - Ourense Campus, E32004 Ourense, Spain
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Azzariti S, Bond R, Loeffler A, Zendri F, Timofte D, Chang YM, Pelligand L. Investigation of In Vitro Susceptibility and Resistance Mechanisms in Skin Pathogens: Perspectives for Fluoroquinolone Therapy in Canine Pyoderma. Antibiotics (Basel) 2022; 11:antibiotics11091204. [PMID: 36139982 PMCID: PMC9494949 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11091204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Revised: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Fluoroquinolones (FQ) are commonly used in dogs with bacterial skin infections. Their use as first choice, along with the increased incidence of FQ-resistance, represents a risk to animal and public health. Our study determined minimum inhibitory (MIC) and bactericidal (MBC) concentrations of five FQs in Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus pseudintermedius, and Escherichia coli, together with FQ-resistance mechanisms. MICs, efflux pump (EP) overexpression and MBCs were measured in 249 skin infection isolates following CLSI guidelines (CLSI VET01-A4, CLSI M26-A). Chromosomal and plasmid-mediated resistance genes were investigated after DNA extraction and sequencing. FQ-resistance was detected in 10% of methicillin-susceptible (MS), 90% of methicillin-resistant (MR) staphylococci and in 36% of E. coli. Bactericidal effect was observed except in 50% of MRSA/P for ciprofloxacin and in 20% of MRSPs for enrofloxacin. Highest MICs were associated with double mutation in gyrA (Ser83Leu + Asp87Asn), efflux pumps and three PMQR genes in E. coli, and grlA (Ser80Phe + Glu84Lys) in S. aureus. EP overexpression was high among E. coli (96%), low in S. aureus (1%) and absent in S. pseudintermedius. Pradofloxacin and moxifloxacin showed low MICs with bactericidal effect. Since in vitro FQ resistance was associated with MR, FQ use should be prudently guided by susceptibility testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Azzariti
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, Hawkshead Lane, North Mymms, Hatfield AL9 7TA, UK
| | - Ross Bond
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Services, Royal Veterinary College, Hawkshead Lane, North Mymms, Hatfield AL9 7TA, UK
| | - Anette Loeffler
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Services, Royal Veterinary College, Hawkshead Lane, North Mymms, Hatfield AL9 7TA, UK
| | - Flavia Zendri
- Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, Department of Veterinary Anatomy, Physiology and Pathology, Veterinary Microbiology Diagnostic, University of Liverpool Leahurst Campus, Neston CH64 7TE, UK
| | - Dorina Timofte
- Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, Department of Veterinary Anatomy, Physiology and Pathology, Veterinary Microbiology Diagnostic, University of Liverpool Leahurst Campus, Neston CH64 7TE, UK
| | - Yu-Mei Chang
- Research Support Office, Royal Veterinary College, University of London, London NW1 0TU, UK
| | - Ludovic Pelligand
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, Hawkshead Lane, North Mymms, Hatfield AL9 7TA, UK
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Services, Royal Veterinary College, Hawkshead Lane, North Mymms, Hatfield AL9 7TA, UK
- Correspondence:
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42
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Hemez C, Clarelli F, Palmer AC, Bleis C, Abel S, Chindelevitch L, Cohen T, Abel zur Wiesch P. Mechanisms of antibiotic action shape the fitness landscapes of resistance mutations. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2022; 20:4688-4703. [PMID: 36147681 PMCID: PMC9463365 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2022.08.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2022] [Revised: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Antibiotic-resistant pathogens are a major public health threat. A deeper understanding of how an antibiotic's mechanism of action influences the emergence of resistance would aid in the design of new drugs and help to preserve the effectiveness of existing ones. To this end, we developed a model that links bacterial population dynamics with antibiotic-target binding kinetics. Our approach allows us to derive mechanistic insights on drug activity from population-scale experimental data and to quantify the interplay between drug mechanism and resistance selection. We find that both bacteriostatic and bactericidal agents can be equally effective at suppressing the selection of resistant mutants, but that key determinants of resistance selection are the relationships between the number of drug-inactivated targets within a cell and the rates of cellular growth and death. We also show that heterogeneous drug-target binding within a population enables resistant bacteria to evolve fitness-improving secondary mutations even when drug doses remain above the resistant strain's minimum inhibitory concentration. Our work suggests that antibiotic doses beyond this "secondary mutation selection window" could safeguard against the emergence of high-fitness resistant strains during treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colin Hemez
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
- Graduate Program in Biophysics, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Corresponding authors at: Broad Institute, 75 Ames St, Room 3035, Cambridge, MA 02412, USA (C. Hemez). Department of Pharmacy, UiT – The Arctic University of Norway, 9019 Tromsø, Norway (P. Abel zur Wiesch).
| | - Fabrizio Clarelli
- Department of Pharmacy, UiT – The Arctic University of Norway, 9019 Tromsø, Norway
- Center for Infectious Disease Dynamics, Department of Biology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Adam C. Palmer
- Department of Pharmacology, Computational Medicine Program, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Christina Bleis
- Department of Pharmacy, UiT – The Arctic University of Norway, 9019 Tromsø, Norway
- Center for Infectious Disease Dynamics, Department of Biology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Sören Abel
- Department of Pharmacy, UiT – The Arctic University of Norway, 9019 Tromsø, Norway
- Center for Infectious Disease Dynamics, Department of Biology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
- Division of Infection Control, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo 0318, Norway
| | - Leonid Chindelevitch
- Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Imperial College, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Theodore Cohen
- Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Pia Abel zur Wiesch
- Department of Pharmacy, UiT – The Arctic University of Norway, 9019 Tromsø, Norway
- Center for Infectious Disease Dynamics, Department of Biology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
- Division of Infection Control, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo 0318, Norway
- Corresponding authors at: Broad Institute, 75 Ames St, Room 3035, Cambridge, MA 02412, USA (C. Hemez). Department of Pharmacy, UiT – The Arctic University of Norway, 9019 Tromsø, Norway (P. Abel zur Wiesch).
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43
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A Study on Repositioning Nalidixic Acid via Lanthanide Complexation: Synthesis, Characterization, Cytotoxicity and DNA/Protein Binding Studies. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15081010. [PMID: 36015158 PMCID: PMC9412414 DOI: 10.3390/ph15081010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Revised: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
“Drug repositioning” is a modern strategy used to uncover new applications for out-of-date drugs. In this context, nalidixic acid, the first member of the quinolone class with limited use today, has been selected to obtain nine new metal complexes with lanthanide cations (La3+, Sm3+, Eu3+, Gd3+, Tb3+); the experimental data suggest that the quinolone acts as a bidentate ligand, binding to the metal ion via the keto and carboxylate oxygen atoms, findings that are supported by DFT calculations. The cytotoxic activity of the complexes has been studied using the tumoral cell lines, MDA-MB-231 and LoVo, and a normal cell line, HUVEC. The most active compounds of the series display selective activity against LoVo. Their affinity for DNA and the manner of binding have been tested using UV–Vis spectroscopy and competitive binding studies; our results indicate that major and minor groove binding play a significant role in these interactions. The affinity towards serum proteins has also been evaluated, the complexes displaying higher affinity towards albumin than apotransferrin.
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44
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Classification of antimicrobial mechanism of action using dynamic bacterial morphology imaging. Sci Rep 2022; 12:11162. [PMID: 35778598 PMCID: PMC9249789 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-15405-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance is a major threat to human health. Basic knowledge of antimicrobial mechanism of action (MoA) is imperative for patient care and for identification of novel antimicrobials. However, the process of antimicrobial MoA identification is relatively laborious. Here, we developed a simple, quantitative time-lapse fluorescence imaging method, Dynamic Bacterial Morphology Imaging (DBMI), to facilitate this process. It uses a membrane dye and a nucleoid dye to track the morphological changes of single Bacillus subtilis cells in response to antimicrobials for up to 60 min. DBMI of bacterial cells facilitated assignment of the MoAs of 14 distinct, known antimicrobial compounds to the five main classes. We conclude that DBMI is a simple method, which facilitates rapid classification of the MoA of antimicrobials in functionally distinct classes.
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Falguera JVT, Stratton KJ, Bush MJ, Jani C, Findlay KC, Schlimpert S, Nodwell JR. DNA damage-induced block of sporulation in Streptomyces venezuelae involves downregulation of ssgB. MICROBIOLOGY (READING, ENGLAND) 2022; 168. [PMID: 35704023 DOI: 10.1099/mic.0.001198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
DNA damage often causes an arrest of the cell cycle that provides time for genome integrity to be restored. In bacteria, the classical SOS DNA damage response leads to an inhibition of cell division resulting in temporarily filamentous growth. This raises the question as to whether such a response mechanism might similarly function in naturally filamentous bacteria such as Streptomyces. Streptomyces exhibit two functionally distinct forms of cell division: cross-wall formation in vegetative hyphae and sporulation septation in aerial hyphae. Here, we show that the genotoxic agent mitomycin C confers a block in sporulation septation in
Streptomyces venezuelae
in a mechanism that involves, at least in part, the downregulation of ssgB. Notably, this DNA damage response does not appear to block cross-wall formation and may be independent of canonical SOS and developmental regulators. We also show that the mitomycin C-induced block in sporulation can be partially bypassed by the constitutive expression of ssgB, though this appears to be largely limited to mitomycin C treatment and the resultant spore-like cells have reduced viability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan V T Falguera
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, 661 University Avenue, Toronto, Ontario, M5G 1M1, Canada
| | - Kathryn J Stratton
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UH, UK
| | - Matthew J Bush
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UH, UK
| | - Charul Jani
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kim C Findlay
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UH, UK
| | - Susan Schlimpert
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UH, UK
| | - Justin R Nodwell
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, 661 University Avenue, Toronto, Ontario, M5G 1M1, Canada
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Xiao J, Yang H, Qin L, Liang J, Li L, Fan X, Peng D. Rapid detection of fluoroquinolones residues in aquatic products based on a gold-labeled microwell immunochromatographic assay. FOOD QUALITY AND SAFETY 2022. [DOI: 10.1093/fqsafe/fyac033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Objectives
Fluoroquinolones (FQs) are widely used in aquaculture, and their residues have caused many problems threatening human health. Here, this study aims to develop a colloidal gold immunochromatographic strip based on gold-labeled microwells to screen the residues of FQs on site.
Materials and Methods
The Protein A Magarose Beads affinity chromatography method was adopted to purify the ascites against FQs. By using a strategy of heterologous coating antigen, different coating antigens are applied to detect FQs. The gold-labeled microwell immunochromatographic assay was used to improve the sensitivity of the test strip by the advanced reaction of antigen and antibody.
Results
The antibodies were verified to be of high purity up to 99%, and the titer reached 1:1,024,000. The combination (enoxacin-OVA and the antibody) detected the 4 banned FQs (pefloxacin, PEF; norfloxacin, NOR; lomefloxacin, LOM; ofloxacin, OFL) with IC50 values ranging from 1.3 to 2.1 ng/mL and cross-reactions ranging from 67.3 to 106.1%. The analysis of spiked crucian carp, silver carp, grass carp, and shrimp samples showed that the limit of detection for PEF, NOR, LOM, and OFL was 4 µg/kg. A comparative study with LC–MS/MS demonstrated that the assay provides an effective screening tool for the rapid detection of FQs residues.
Conclusions
The results indicated that the test strip can realize full coverage recognition of the 4 banned FQs and has good accuracy, specificity, reproducibility, and stability; therefore, they are more suitable for rapid detection of FQs in aquatic products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxu Xiao
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues/Key Laboratory of Ministry of Agriculture for the Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues in Foods, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Hongfei Yang
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues/Key Laboratory of Ministry of Agriculture for the Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues in Foods, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Liangni Qin
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues/Key Laboratory of Ministry of Agriculture for the Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues in Foods, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jixiang Liang
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues/Key Laboratory of Ministry of Agriculture for the Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues in Foods, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Long Li
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues/Key Laboratory of Ministry of Agriculture for the Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues in Foods, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaohui Fan
- Wuhan Shangcheng Biotechnology Co., Ltd, Wuhan, China
| | - Dapeng Peng
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues/Key Laboratory of Ministry of Agriculture for the Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues in Foods, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
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Role of Antimicrobial Drug in the Development of Potential Therapeutics. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2022; 2022:2500613. [PMID: 35571735 PMCID: PMC9098294 DOI: 10.1155/2022/2500613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Revised: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Population of the world run into several health-related emergencies among mankind and humans as it creates a challenge for the evolution of novel drug discoveries. One such can be the emergence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) strains in both hospital and community settings, which have been due to an inappropriate use and inadequate control of antibiotics that has led to the foremost human health concerns with a high impact on the global economy. So far, there has been application of two strategies for the development of anti-infective agents either by classical antibiotics that have been derived for their synthetic analogs with increased efficacy or screening natural compounds along with the synthetic compound libraries for the antimicrobial activities. However, need for newer treatment options for infectious diseases has led research to develop new generation of antimicrobial activity to further lessen the spread of antibiotic resistance. Currently, the principles aim to find novel mode of actions or products to target the specific sites and virulence factors in pathogens by a series of better understanding of physiology and molecular aspects of the microbial resistance, mechanism of infection process, and gene-pathogenicity relationship. The design various novel strategies tends to provide us a path for the development of various antimicrobial therapies that intends to have a broader and wider antimicrobial spectrum that helps to combat MDR strains worldwide. The development of antimicrobial peptides, metabolites derived from plants, microbes, phage-based antimicrobial agents, use of metal nanoparticles, and role of CRISPR have led to an exceptional strategies in designing and developing the next-generation antimicrobials. These novel strategies might help to combat the seriousness of the infection rates and control the health crisis system.
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Jaramillo‐Riveri S, Broughton J, McVey A, Pilizota T, Scott M, El Karoui M. Growth-dependent heterogeneity in the DNA damage response in Escherichia coli. Mol Syst Biol 2022; 18:e10441. [PMID: 35620827 PMCID: PMC9136515 DOI: 10.15252/msb.202110441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Revised: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In natural environments, bacteria are frequently exposed to sub-lethal levels of DNA damage, which leads to the induction of a stress response (the SOS response in Escherichia coli). Natural environments also vary in nutrient availability, resulting in distinct physiological changes in bacteria, which may have direct implications on their capacity to repair their chromosomes. Here, we evaluated the impact of varying the nutrient availability on the expression of the SOS response induced by chronic sub-lethal DNA damage in E. coli. We found heterogeneous expression of the SOS regulon at the single-cell level in all growth conditions. Surprisingly, we observed a larger fraction of high SOS-induced cells in slow growth as compared with fast growth, despite a higher rate of SOS induction in fast growth. The result can be explained by the dynamic balance between the rate of SOS induction and the division rates of cells exposed to DNA damage. Taken together, our data illustrate how cell division and physiology come together to produce growth-dependent heterogeneity in the DNA damage response.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - James Broughton
- Institute of Cell Biology and SynthSysUniversity of EdinburghEdinburghUK
| | - Alexander McVey
- Institute of Cell Biology and SynthSysUniversity of EdinburghEdinburghUK
- Present address:
OGI Bio LtdEdinburghUK
| | - Teuta Pilizota
- Institute of Cell Biology and SynthSysUniversity of EdinburghEdinburghUK
| | - Matthew Scott
- Department of Applied MathematicsUniversity of WaterlooWaterlooONCanada
| | - Meriem El Karoui
- Institute of Cell Biology and SynthSysUniversity of EdinburghEdinburghUK
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Rapid antimicrobial susceptibility profiling using impedance spectroscopy. Biosens Bioelectron 2022; 200:113876. [PMID: 34974262 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2021.113876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Revised: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The present antibiotic susceptibility testing (AST) techniques based on bacterial culture, gene amplification and mass spectrometry are highly time consuming, labour intensive or expensive. Impedance spectroscopy is an emerging tool for rapid bacterial analysis as it is label-free, real-time, affordable and high-throughput. The over-reliance of this technique on complex chip designs and cell enrichment strategies has, however, slowed its foray into clinical AST. We demonstrate a label-free approach in which a low conductivity zwitterionic buffer is used for boosting impedance sensitivity in simple interdigitated electrodes (IDEs) allowing rapid AST in just 20 min without any liquid flow, biofunctionalization or cell enrichment steps. The detection principle relies on measuring changes in solution resistance due to antibiotic-induced bacterial cell death or growth. While the death-based approach is faster (20 min), it's restricted to surface-acting bactericidal antibiotics. The cell growth approach is longer (60-80 min) but more versatile as it applies to all drug types. Results for antibiotic sensitivity analysis and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) determination are illustrated for Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Staphylococcus aureus against a wide class of antibiotics (penicillins, cephalosporins, polymyxins, carbapenems etc.).
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50
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Synthesis of gum acacia-silver nanoparticles based hydrogel composites and their comparative anti-bacterial activity. JOURNAL OF POLYMER RESEARCH 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10965-022-02978-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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