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Douradinha B. Exploring the journey: A comprehensive review of vaccine development against Klebsiella pneumoniae. Microbiol Res 2024; 287:127837. [PMID: 39059097 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2024.127837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2024] [Revised: 06/09/2024] [Accepted: 07/13/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
Klebsiella pneumoniae, a prominent nosocomial pathogen, poses a critical global health threat due to its multidrug-resistant (MDR) and hypervirulent strains. This comprehensive review focuses into the complex approaches undertaken in the development of vaccines against K. pneumoniae. Traditional methods, such as whole-cell and ribosomal-based vaccines, are compared with modern strategies, including DNA and mRNA vaccines, and extracellular vesicles (EVs), among others. Each method presents unique advantages and challenges, emphasising the complexity of developing an effective vaccine against this pathogen. Significant advancements in computational tools and artificial intelligence (AI) have revolutionised antigen identification and vaccine design, enhancing the precision and efficiency of developing multiepitope-based vaccines. The review also highlights the potential of glycomics and immunoinformatics in identifying key antigenic components and elucidating immune evasion mechanisms employed by K. pneumoniae. Despite progress, challenges remain in ensuring the safety, efficacy, and manufacturability of these vaccines. Notably, EVs demonstrate promise due to their intrinsic adjuvant properties and ability to elicit robust immune responses, although concerns regarding inflammation and antigen variability persist. This review provides a critical overview of the current landscape of K. pneumoniae vaccine development, stressing the need for continued innovation and interdisciplinary collaboration to address this pressing public health issue. The integration of advanced computational methods and AI holds the potential to accelerate the development of effective immunotherapies, paving the way for novel vaccines against MDR K. pneumoniae.
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Ajakkala PB, Nayak S, Maiti B, Rohit A, Mohan Raj JR, Karunasagar I. Phenotypic Changes in Phage Survivors of Multidrug-Resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae. Indian J Microbiol 2024; 64:1379-1383. [PMID: 39282179 PMCID: PMC11399516 DOI: 10.1007/s12088-024-01217-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/28/2024] [Indexed: 09/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Multidrug-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae (MDR-KP) infections have become a major global issue in the healthcare sector. Alternative viable tactics for combating bacterial infections, such as the use of bacteriophages, can be considered. One of the major challenges in phage therapy is the emergence of phage-resistant bacteria. This study isolated bacteriophages from water and soil samples against MDR-KP isolates. Susceptible bacterial hosts were exposed to phages at different concentrations and prolonged durations of time to obtain phage-resistant survivors. Phenotypic changes such as changes in growth rates, biofilm formation ability, antibiotic sensitivity patterns, and outer membrane proteins (OMPs) profiling of the survivors were studied. Our findings indicate that the phage ØKp11 and ØKp26 survivors had reduced growth rates and biofilm formation ability, altered antibiotic sensitivity patterns, and reduced OMPs expression compared with the parent MDR-KP002 isolate. These results suggest that the alternations in the bacterial envelope result in phenotypic phage resistance among MDR bacterial isolates. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12088-024-01217-6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pallavi Bhat Ajakkala
- NITTE (Deemed to Be University), NITTE University Centre for Science Education and Research, Mangaluru, 575018 Karnataka India
| | - Srajana Nayak
- NITTE (Deemed to Be University), NITTE University Centre for Science Education and Research, Mangaluru, 575018 Karnataka India
| | - Biswajit Maiti
- NITTE (Deemed to Be University), NITTE University Centre for Science Education and Research, Mangaluru, 575018 Karnataka India
| | - Anusha Rohit
- Department of Microbiology, Madras Medical Mission, Chennai, 600037 Tamil Nadu India
| | - Juliet Roshini Mohan Raj
- NITTE (Deemed to Be University), NITTE University Centre for Science Education and Research, Mangaluru, 575018 Karnataka India
| | - Indrani Karunasagar
- DST Technology Enabling Centre, NITTE (Deemed to Be University), Paneer Campus, Deralakatte, Mangaluru, 575018 Karnataka India
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Rocha Minarini LAD. Exploring bacterial extracellular vesicles: Focus on WHO critical priority pathogens. CURRENT TOPICS IN MEMBRANES 2024; 94:225-246. [PMID: 39370208 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ctm.2024.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/08/2024]
Abstract
Bacterial extracellular vesicles (EVs) are cell-derived particles with a phospholipidic bilayer structure and diameter ranging from 20 to 250 nm, comprising a varied of components, including bioactive proteins, lipids, DNA, RNA, and other metabolites. These EVs play an essential role in bacterial and host function and are recognized as essential keys in cell-to-cell communication and pathogenesis. Due to these characteristics and functions, EVs exhibit great potential for biomedical applications and are promising tools for the development of drug delivery systems and vaccines, as well as for use in disease diagnostics. An interesting focus of this review is on the clinical relevance of EVs, with a particular emphasis on two critical pathogens, Acinetobacter baumannii and Klebsiella pneumoniae. Insights into the outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) derived from these bacteria underscore their roles in antimicrobial resistance and pathogenicity. Additionally, the review explores OMV-based vaccine strategies as a promising means to mitigating these pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luciene Andrade da Rocha Minarini
- Laboratório Multidisciplinar em Saúde e Meio Ambiente, Instituto de Ciências Ambientais, Químicas e Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Campus Diadema, Diadema, SP, Brazil.
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4
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Dell'Annunziata F, Ciaglia E, Folliero V, Lopardo V, Maciag A, Galdiero M, Puca AA, Franci G. Klebsiella pneumoniae-OMVs activate death-signaling pathways in Human Bronchial Epithelial Host Cells (BEAS-2B). Heliyon 2024; 10:e29017. [PMID: 38644830 PMCID: PMC11031753 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e29017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/23/2024] Open
Abstract
The programmed cell death pathways of apoptosis are important in mammalian cellular protection from infections. The activation of these pathways depends on the presence of membrane receptors that bind bacterial components to activate the transduction mechanism. In addition to bacteria, these mechanisms can be activated by outer membrane vesicles (OMVs). OMVs are spherical vesicles of 20-250 nm diameter, constitutively released by Gram-negative bacteria. They contain several bacterial determinants including proteins, DNA/RNA and proteins, that activate different cellular processes in host cells. This study focused on Klebsiella pneumoniae-OMVs in activating death mechanisms in human bronchial epithelial cells (BEAS-2B). Characterization of purified OMVs was achieved by scanning electron microscopy, nanoparticle tracking analysis and protein profiling. Cell viability was assessed by the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay while apoptotic induction was measured by flow cytometry and confirmed by western blotting. The OMVs produced showed a spherical morphology, with a diameter of 137.2 ± 41 nm and a vesicular density of 7.8 × 109 particles/mL Exposure of cell monolayers to 50 μg of K. pneumoniae-OMV for 14 h resulted in approximately 25 % cytotoxicity and 41.15-41.14 % of cells undergoing early and late apoptosis. Fluorescence microscopy revealed reduced cellular density, the presence of apoptotic bodies, chromatin condensation, and nuclear membrane blebbing in residual cells. Activation of caspases -3 and -9 and dysregulation of BAX, BIM and Bcl-xL indicated the activation of mitochondria-dependent apoptosis. Furthermore, a decrease in the antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione peroxidase involved endoplasmic reticulum stress with the potential formation of reactive oxygen species. These findings provide evidence for the role of OMVs in apoptosis and involvement in the pathogenesis of K. pneumoniae infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Dell'Annunziata
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry “Scuola Medica Salernitana", University of Salerno, 84081, Baronissi, Salerno, Italy
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, 80138, Naples, Italy
| | - Elena Ciaglia
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry “Scuola Medica Salernitana", University of Salerno, 84081, Baronissi, Salerno, Italy
| | - Veronica Folliero
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry “Scuola Medica Salernitana", University of Salerno, 84081, Baronissi, Salerno, Italy
| | - Valentina Lopardo
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry “Scuola Medica Salernitana", University of Salerno, 84081, Baronissi, Salerno, Italy
| | - Anna Maciag
- Cardiovascular Research Unit, IRCCS MultiMedica, 20138, Milan, Italy
| | - Massimiliano Galdiero
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, 80138, Naples, Italy
- Complex Operative Unity of Virology and Microbiology, University Hospital of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli", 80138, Naples, Italy
| | - Annibale Alessandro Puca
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry “Scuola Medica Salernitana", University of Salerno, 84081, Baronissi, Salerno, Italy
- Cardiovascular Research Unit, IRCCS MultiMedica, 20138, Milan, Italy
| | - Gianluigi Franci
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry “Scuola Medica Salernitana", University of Salerno, 84081, Baronissi, Salerno, Italy
- Clinical Pathology and Microbiology Unit, San Giovanni di Dio e Ruggi D'Aragona University Hospital, 84126, Salerno, Italy
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Effah CY, Ding X, Drokow EK, Li X, Tong R, Sun T. Bacteria-derived extracellular vesicles: endogenous roles, therapeutic potentials and their biomimetics for the treatment and prevention of sepsis. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1296061. [PMID: 38420121 PMCID: PMC10899385 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1296061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Sepsis is one of the medical conditions with a high mortality rate and lacks specific treatment despite several years of extensive research. Bacterial extracellular vesicles (bEVs) are emerging as a focal target in the pathophysiology and treatment of sepsis. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) derived from pathogenic microorganisms carry pathogenic factors such as carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, nucleic acids, and virulence factors and are regarded as "long-range weapons" to trigger an inflammatory response. In particular, the small size of bEVs can cross the blood-brain and placental barriers that are difficult for pathogens to cross, deliver pathogenic agents to host cells, activate the host immune system, and possibly accelerate the bacterial infection process and subsequent sepsis. Over the years, research into host-derived EVs has increased, leading to breakthroughs in cancer and sepsis treatments. However, related approaches to the role and use of bacterial-derived EVs are still rare in the treatment of sepsis. Herein, this review looked at the dual nature of bEVs in sepsis by highlighting their inherent functions and emphasizing their therapeutic characteristics and potential. Various biomimetics of bEVs for the treatment and prevention of sepsis have also been reviewed. Finally, the latest progress and various obstacles in the clinical application of bEVs have been highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clement Yaw Effah
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Engineering Research Center for Critical Care Medicine, Henan Key Laboratory of Critical Care Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
- Department of Emergency Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Engineering Research Center for Critical Care Medicine, Henan Key Laboratory of Critical Care Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
- Zhengzhou Key Laboratory of Sepsis, Henan Sepsis Diagnosis and Treatment Center, Henan Key Laboratory of Sepsis in Health Commission, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xianfei Ding
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Engineering Research Center for Critical Care Medicine, Henan Key Laboratory of Critical Care Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
- Department of Emergency Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Engineering Research Center for Critical Care Medicine, Henan Key Laboratory of Critical Care Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
- Zhengzhou Key Laboratory of Sepsis, Henan Sepsis Diagnosis and Treatment Center, Henan Key Laboratory of Sepsis in Health Commission, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Emmanuel Kwateng Drokow
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xiang Li
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Engineering Research Center for Critical Care Medicine, Henan Key Laboratory of Critical Care Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
- Department of Emergency Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Engineering Research Center for Critical Care Medicine, Henan Key Laboratory of Critical Care Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
- Zhengzhou Key Laboratory of Sepsis, Henan Sepsis Diagnosis and Treatment Center, Henan Key Laboratory of Sepsis in Health Commission, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Ran Tong
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Engineering Research Center for Critical Care Medicine, Henan Key Laboratory of Critical Care Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
- Department of Emergency Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Engineering Research Center for Critical Care Medicine, Henan Key Laboratory of Critical Care Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
- Zhengzhou Key Laboratory of Sepsis, Henan Sepsis Diagnosis and Treatment Center, Henan Key Laboratory of Sepsis in Health Commission, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Tongwen Sun
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Engineering Research Center for Critical Care Medicine, Henan Key Laboratory of Critical Care Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
- Department of Emergency Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Engineering Research Center for Critical Care Medicine, Henan Key Laboratory of Critical Care Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
- Zhengzhou Key Laboratory of Sepsis, Henan Sepsis Diagnosis and Treatment Center, Henan Key Laboratory of Sepsis in Health Commission, Zhengzhou, China
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Fan F, Wang J, Chen H, Wei L, Zhang Z. Isolation and protein MdtQ analysis of outer membrane vesicles released by carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae. Microb Pathog 2023; 183:106325. [PMID: 37640276 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2023.106325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Revised: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
Carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae (CRKP) has emerged as a leading public health problem, and is increasingly being reported worldwide with resistance to a wide spectrum of antibiotics. Recent reports have demonstrated that the outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) of gram-negative bacteria are potent resistance factors, but their role in the drug resistance of CRKP has not been elucidated. In order to investigate the effects of OMV components on drug resistance and to explore the mechanism of antimicrobial resistance in CRKP, we isolated the OMVs through ultracentrifugation, separated the OMV proteins through mass spectrometry (MS), and performed bioinformatics analysis. A total of 3,192 proteins were detected by nano LC-MS/MS analysis, with 108 (61.4%) cytoplasmic proteins, 50 (28.4%) cytoplasmic membrane proteins, nine (5.1%) periplasmic proteins, six (3.4%) outer membrane proteins, two (1.1%) extracellular proteins, and one (0.6%) other protein detected in the vesicles. MdtQ was detected as the only multidrug resistance outer membrane protein. Further experiments confirmed that MdtQ included the 1440 BP sequence and had a unique three-dimensional structure. To superimpose MdtQ with KPC-2 resistant proteins, I7ACB1, I7AKP2, and Q93LQ9, the root mean square deviation (RMSD) values were calculated (0.379, 0.671, and 1.35, respectively). I7ACB1 had the lowest RMSD value, indicating that it had the best superimposition effect. Furthermore, MdtQ had 20 biological pocket structures, and the four most important pockets were evenly distributed around the inner perimeter of its three-dimensional structure. These findings may provide a theoretical basis for controlling the spread of bacterial resistance in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangfang Fan
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, 233030, China
| | - Jiaqi Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shanghai Clinical Medical College of Qingdao University, Shanghai Deji Hospital, Shanghai, 200331, China
| | - Hong Chen
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shanghai Clinical Medical College of Qingdao University, Shanghai Deji Hospital, Shanghai, 200331, China
| | - Li Wei
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, 233030, China.
| | - Zhen Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shanghai Clinical Medical College of Qingdao University, Shanghai Deji Hospital, Shanghai, 200331, China.
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Thapa HB, Kohl P, Zingl FG, Fleischhacker D, Wolinski H, Kufer TA, Schild S. Characterization of the Inflammatory Response Evoked by Bacterial Membrane Vesicles in Intestinal Cells Reveals an RIPK2-Dependent Activation by Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli Vesicles. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0111523. [PMID: 37306596 PMCID: PMC10433812 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.01115-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Although the immunomodulatory potency of bacterial membrane vesicles (MVs) is widely acknowledged, their interactions with host cells and the underlying signaling pathways have not been well studied. Herein, we provide a comparative analysis of the proinflammatory cytokine profile secreted by human intestinal epithelial cells exposed to MVs derived from 32 gut bacteria. In general, outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) from Gram-negative bacteria induced a stronger proinflammatory response than MVs from Gram-positive bacteria. However, the quality and quantity of cytokine induction varied between MVs from different species, highlighting their unique immunomodulatory properties. OMVs from enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) were among those showing the strongest proinflammatory potency. In depth analyses revealed that the immunomodulatory activity of ETEC OMVs relies on a so far unprecedented two-step mechanism, including their internalization into host cells followed by intracellular recognition. First, OMVs are efficiently taken up by intestinal epithelial cells, which mainly depends on caveolin-mediated endocytosis as well as the presence of the outer membrane porins OmpA and OmpF on the MVs. Second, lipopolysaccharide (LPS) delivered by OMVs is intracellularly recognized by novel caspase- and RIPK2-dependent pathways. This recognition likely occurs via detection of the lipid A moiety as ETEC OMVs with underacylated LPS exhibited reduced proinflammatory potency but similar uptake dynamics compared to OMVs derived from wild-type (WT) ETEC. Intracellular recognition of ETEC OMVs in intestinal epithelial cells is pivotal for the proinflammatory response as inhibition of OMV uptake also abolished cytokine induction. The study signifies the importance of OMV internalization by host cells to exercise their immunomodulatory activities. IMPORTANCE The release of membrane vesicles from the bacterial cell surface is highly conserved among most bacterial species, including outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) from Gram-negative bacteria as well as vesicles liberated from the cytoplasmic membrane of Gram-positive bacteria. It is becoming increasingly evident that these multifactorial spheres, carrying membranous, periplasmic, and even cytosolic content, contribute to intra- and interspecies communication. In particular, gut microbiota and the host engage in a myriad of immunogenic and metabolic interactions. This study highlights the individual immunomodulatory activities of bacterial membrane vesicles from different enteric species and provides new mechanistic insights into the recognition of ETEC OMVs by human intestinal epithelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Himadri B. Thapa
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Paul Kohl
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Franz G. Zingl
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | | | - Heimo Wolinski
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
- Field of Excellence Biohealth, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Thomas A. Kufer
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Nutritional Medicine, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Stefan Schild
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
- Field of Excellence Biohealth, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
- BioTechMed-Graz, Graz, Austria
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8
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Li P, Peng T, Xiang T, Luo W, Liao W, Wei DD, Luo S, He Z, Liu P, Zhang W, Liu Y. Klebsiella pneumoniae outer membrane vesicles induce strong IL-8 expression via NF-κB activation in normal pulmonary bronchial cells. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 121:110352. [PMID: 37354781 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.110352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Revised: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) derived from bacteria are known to play a crucial role in the interactions between bacteria and their environment, as well as bacteria-bacteria and bacteria-host interactions.Specifically, OMVs derived from Klebsiella pneumoniae have been implicated in contributing to the pathogenesis of this bacterium.Hypervirulent Klebsiella pneumoniae (hvKp) has emerged as a global pathogen of great concern due to its heightened virulence compared to classical K. pneumoniae (cKp), and its ability to cause community-acquired infections, even in healthy individuals.The objective of this study was to investigate potential differences between hvKp-derived OMVs and cKp-derived OMVs in their interactions with microorganisms and host cells. METHODS Four strains of K. pneumoniae were used to produce OMVs: hvKp strain NTUH-K2044 (K1, ST23), hvKp clinical strain AP8555, and two cKP clinical strains C19 and C250. To examine the morphology and size of the bacterial OMVs, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) was utilized. Additionally, dynamic light scattering (DLS) was used to analyze the size characterization of the OMVs.The normal pulmonary bronchial cell line HBE was exposed to OMVs derived from hvKp and cKP. Interleukin 8 (IL-8) messenger RNA (mRNA) expression was assessed using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), while IL-8 secretion was analyzed using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).Furthermore, the activation of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) was evaluated using both Western blotting and confocal microscopy. RESULTS After purification, OMVs appeared as electron-dense particles with a uniform spherical morphology when observed through TEM.DLS analysis indicated that hvKp-derived OMVs from K2044 and AP8555 measured an average size of 116.87 ± 4.95 nm and 96.23 ± 2.16 nm, respectively, while cKP-derived OMVs from C19 and C250 measured an average size of 297.67 ± 26.3 nm and 325 ± 6.06 nm, respectively. The average diameter of hvKp-derived OMVs was smaller than that of cKP-derived OMVs.A total vesicular protein amount of 47.35 mg, 41.90 mg, 16.44 mg, and 12.65 mg was generated by hvKp-K2044, hvKp-AP8555, cKP-C19, and cKP-C250, respectively, obtained from 750 mL of culture supernatant. Both hvKp-derived OMVs and cKP-derived OMVs induced similar expression levels of IL-8 mRNA and protein. However, IL-8 expression was reduced when cells were exposed to BAY11-7028, an inhibitor of the NF-κB pathway.Western blotting and confocal microscopy revealed increased phosphorylation of p65 in cells exposed to OMVs. CONCLUSIONS Klebsiella pneumoniae produces outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) that play a key role in microorganism-host interactions. HvKp, a hypervirulent strain of K. pneumoniae, generates more OMVs than cKP.The average size of OMVs derived from hvKp is smaller than that of cKP-derived OMVs.Despite these differences, both hvKp-derived and cKP-derived OMVs induce a similar level of expression of IL-8 mRNA and protein.OMVs secreted by K. pneumoniae stimulate the secretion of interleukin 8 by activating the nuclear factor NF-κB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Li
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China; Jiangxi Institute of Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China; Yichun People's Hospital, Yichun 336000, China
| | - Tingxiu Peng
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China; Jiangxi Institute of Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Tianxin Xiang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Wanying Luo
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China; Jiangxi Institute of Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Wenjian Liao
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Dan-Dan Wei
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China; National Regional Center for Respiratory Medicine, Jiang Xi Hospital of China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Shuai Luo
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China; Jiangxi Institute of Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Zhiyong He
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China; Jiangxi Institute of Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Peng Liu
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China; Jiangxi Institute of Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China.
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China; National Regional Center for Respiratory Medicine, Jiang Xi Hospital of China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Nanchang 330006, China.
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9
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Thapa HB, Ebenberger SP, Schild S. The Two Faces of Bacterial Membrane Vesicles: Pathophysiological Roles and Therapeutic Opportunities. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:1045. [PMID: 37370364 PMCID: PMC10295235 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12061045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacterial membrane vesicles (MVs) are nanosized lipid particles secreted by lysis or blebbing mechanisms from Gram-negative and -positive bacteria. It is becoming increasingly evident that MVs can promote antimicrobial resistance but also provide versatile opportunities for therapeutic exploitation. As non-living facsimiles of parent bacteria, MVs can carry multiple bioactive molecules such as proteins, lipids, nucleic acids, and metabolites, which enable them to participate in intra- and interspecific communication. Although energetically costly, the release of MVs seems beneficial for bacterial fitness, especially for pathogens. In this review, we briefly discuss the current understanding of diverse MV biogenesis routes affecting MV cargo. We comprehensively highlight the physiological functions of MVs derived from human pathogens covering in vivo adaptation, colonization fitness, and effector delivery. Emphasis is given to recent findings suggesting a vicious cycle of MV biogenesis, pathophysiological function, and antibiotic therapy. We also summarize potential therapeutical applications, such as immunotherapy, vaccination, targeted delivery, and antimicrobial potency, including their experimental validation. This comparative overview identifies common and unique strategies for MV modification used along diverse applications. Thus, the review summarizes timely aspects of MV biology in a so far unprecedented combination ranging from beneficial function for bacterial pathogen survival to future medical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Himadri B. Thapa
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Humboldtstrasse 50, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Stephan P. Ebenberger
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Humboldtstrasse 50, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Stefan Schild
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Humboldtstrasse 50, 8010 Graz, Austria
- BioTechMed Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
- Field of Excellence Biohealth, University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
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10
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Anderson JR, Lam NB, Jackson JL, Dorenkott SM, Ticer T, Maldosevic E, Velez A, Camden MR, Ellis TN. Progressive Sub-MIC Exposure of Klebsiella pneumoniae 43816 to Cephalothin Induces the Evolution of Beta-Lactam Resistance without Acquisition of Beta-Lactamase Genes. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:antibiotics12050887. [PMID: 37237790 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12050887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacterial exposure to antibiotic concentrations below the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) may result in a selection window allowing for the rapid evolution of resistance. These sub-MIC concentrations are commonly found in soils and water supplies in the greater environment. This study aimed to evaluate the adaptive genetic changes in Klebsiella pneumoniae 43816 after prolonged but increasing sub-MIC levels of the common antibiotic cephalothin over a fourteen-day period. Over the course of the experiment, antibiotic concentrations increased from 0.5 μg/mL to 7.5 μg/mL. At the end of this extended exposure, the final adapted bacterial culture exhibited clinical resistance to both cephalothin and tetracycline, altered cellular and colony morphology, and a highly mucoid phenotype. Cephalothin resistance exceeded 125 μg/mL without the acquisition of beta-lactamase genes. Whole genome sequencing identified a series of genetic changes that could be mapped over the fourteen-day exposure period to the onset of antibiotic resistance. Specifically, mutations in the rpoB subunit of RNA Polymerase, the tetR/acrR regulator, and the wcaJ sugar transferase each fix at specific timepoints in the exposure regimen where the MIC susceptibility dramatically increased. These mutations indicate that alterations in the secretion of colanic acid and attachment of colonic acid to LPS may contribute to the resistant phenotype. These data demonstrate that very low sub-MIC concentrations of antibiotics can have dramatic impacts on the bacterial evolution of resistance. Additionally, this study demonstrates that beta-lactam resistance can be achieved through sequential accumulation of specific mutations without the acquisition of a beta-lactamase gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasmine R Anderson
- Department of Biology, University of North Florida, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA
| | - Nghi B Lam
- Department of Biology, University of North Florida, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA
| | - Jazmyne L Jackson
- Department of Biology, University of North Florida, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA
| | - Sean M Dorenkott
- Department of Biology, University of North Florida, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA
| | - Taylor Ticer
- Department of Biology, University of North Florida, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA
| | - Emir Maldosevic
- Department of Biology, University of North Florida, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA
| | - Amanda Velez
- Department of Biology, University of North Florida, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA
| | - Megan R Camden
- Department of Biology, University of North Florida, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA
| | - Terri N Ellis
- Department of Biology, University of North Florida, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA
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11
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Lee AR, Park SB, Kim SW, Jung JW, Chun JH, Kim J, Kim YR, Lazarte JMS, Jang HB, Thompson KD, Jung M, Ha MW, Jung TS. Membrane vesicles (MVs) from antibiotic-resistant Staphylococcus aureus transfer antibiotic-resistance to antibiotic-susceptible Escherichia coli. J Appl Microbiol 2022; 132:2746-2759. [PMID: 35019198 PMCID: PMC9306644 DOI: 10.1111/jam.15449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Revised: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 01/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
AIM Bacteria naturally produce membrane vesicles (MVs), which have been shown to contribute to the spread of multi-drug resistant bacteria (MDR) by delivering antibiotic-resistant substances to antibiotic-susceptible bacteria. Here, we aim to show that MVs from Gram-positive bacteria are capable of transferring β-lactam antibiotic-resistant substances to antibiotic-sensitive Gram-negative bacteria. MATERIALS AND METHODS MVs were collected from a methicillin-resistant strain of Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and vesicle-mediated fusion with antimicrobial-sensitive Escherichia coli (RC85). It was performed by exposing the bacteria to the MVs to develop antimicrobial-resistant E. coli (RC85-T). RESULTS The RC85-T exhibited a higher resistance to β-lactam antibiotics compared to the parent strain. Although the secretion rates of the MVs from RC85-T and the parent strain were nearly equal, the β-lactamase activity of the MVs from RC85-T was 12-times higher than that of MVs from the parent strain, based on equivalent protein concentrations. Moreover, MVs secreted by RC85-T were able to protect β-lactam-susceptible E. coli from β-lactam antibiotic-induced growth inhibition in a dose-dependent manner. CONCLUSION MVs play a role in transferring substances from Gram-positive to Gram-negative bacteria, shown by the release of MVs from RC85-T that were able to protect β-lactam-susceptible bacteria from β-lactam antibiotics. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF STUDY MVs are involved in the emergence of antibiotic resistant strains in a mixed bacterial culture, helping us to understand how the spread of multidrug resistant bacteria could be reduced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ae Rin Lee
- Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Diseases, Research Institute of Natural Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, 501-201, 501, Jinju-daero, Jinju-si, Gyeongsangnam-do, Republic of Korea, 52828
| | - Seong Bin Park
- Coastal Research Extension Center, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS, 39762, USA
| | - Si Won Kim
- Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Diseases, Research Institute of Natural Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, 501-201, 501, Jinju-daero, Jinju-si, Gyeongsangnam-do, Republic of Korea, 52828
| | - Jae Wook Jung
- Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Diseases, Research Institute of Natural Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, 501-201, 501, Jinju-daero, Jinju-si, Gyeongsangnam-do, Republic of Korea, 52828
| | - Jin Hong Chun
- Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Diseases, Research Institute of Natural Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, 501-201, 501, Jinju-daero, Jinju-si, Gyeongsangnam-do, Republic of Korea, 52828
| | - Jaesung Kim
- Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Diseases, Research Institute of Natural Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, 501-201, 501, Jinju-daero, Jinju-si, Gyeongsangnam-do, Republic of Korea, 52828
| | - Young Rim Kim
- Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Diseases, Research Institute of Natural Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, 501-201, 501, Jinju-daero, Jinju-si, Gyeongsangnam-do, Republic of Korea, 52828
| | - Jassy Mary S Lazarte
- Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Diseases, Research Institute of Natural Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, 501-201, 501, Jinju-daero, Jinju-si, Gyeongsangnam-do, Republic of Korea, 52828
| | - Ho Bin Jang
- Department of Microbiology, Institute for Viral Diseases, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea, 02841
| | - Kim D Thompson
- Moredun Research Institute, Pentlands Science Park, Bush Loan, Penicuik, Midlothian, EH26 0PZ, UK
| | - Myunghwan Jung
- Department of Microbiology and Department of Convergence Medical Science, College of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Woo Ha
- College of Pharmacy, Jeju National University, Jeju, 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Sung Jung
- Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Diseases, Research Institute of Natural Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, 501-201, 501, Jinju-daero, Jinju-si, Gyeongsangnam-do, Republic of Korea, 52828.,Centre for Marine Bioproducts Development, Flinders University, Bedford Park, SA, 5042, Australia
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12
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Zhang K, Chu P, Song S, Yang D, Bian Z, Li Y, Gou H, Jiang Z, Cai R, Li C. Proteome Analysis of Outer Membrane Vesicles From a Highly Virulent Strain of Haemophilus parasuis. Front Vet Sci 2021; 8:756764. [PMID: 34901247 PMCID: PMC8662722 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.756764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Haemophilus parasuis has emerged as an important bacterial pathogen in pig husbandry, as H. parasuis can coinfect pigs with a variety of pathogenic microorganisms and further cause an aggravation of the disease. It is crucial to investigate its pathogenetic mechanism. Gram-negative bacteria naturally secrete outer membrane vesicles (OMVs), and their potent virulence factors play prominent roles that affect the interaction between bacteria and host. Still, the pathogenesis that is associated with the bacterial OMVs has not been well-elucidated. In this study, we investigated the secretion of OMVs from a clinical H. parasuis isolate strain (H45). In addition, we further analyzed the characterization, the comprehensive proteome, and the virulence potential of OMVs. Our data demonstrated that H. parasuis could secrete OMVs into the extracellular milieu during infection. Using liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) identification and bio-information analysis, we identified 588 different proteins associated with OMVs. Also, we also analyzed the subcellular location and biological function of those proteins. These proteins are mainly involved in immune and iron metabolism. Moreover, we confirmed the pathogenicity of H. parasuis OMVs by observing a strong inflammatory response in J774A.1 and porcine alveolar macrophages. Taken together, our findings suggested that OMVs from H. parasuis were involved in the pathogenesis of this bacterium during infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kunli Zhang
- Institute of Animal Health, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Livestock Disease Prevention of Guangdong Province, Scientific Observation and Experiment Station of Veterinary Drugs and Diagnostic Techniques of Guangdong Province, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou, China.,Maoming Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangdong, China
| | - Pinpin Chu
- Institute of Animal Health, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Livestock Disease Prevention of Guangdong Province, Scientific Observation and Experiment Station of Veterinary Drugs and Diagnostic Techniques of Guangdong Province, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou, China.,Maoming Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangdong, China
| | - Shuai Song
- Institute of Animal Health, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Livestock Disease Prevention of Guangdong Province, Scientific Observation and Experiment Station of Veterinary Drugs and Diagnostic Techniques of Guangdong Province, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou, China.,Maoming Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangdong, China
| | - Dongxia Yang
- Institute of Animal Health, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Livestock Disease Prevention of Guangdong Province, Scientific Observation and Experiment Station of Veterinary Drugs and Diagnostic Techniques of Guangdong Province, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou, China.,Maoming Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhibiao Bian
- Institute of Animal Health, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Livestock Disease Prevention of Guangdong Province, Scientific Observation and Experiment Station of Veterinary Drugs and Diagnostic Techniques of Guangdong Province, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou, China.,Maoming Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangdong, China
| | - Yan Li
- Institute of Animal Health, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Livestock Disease Prevention of Guangdong Province, Scientific Observation and Experiment Station of Veterinary Drugs and Diagnostic Techniques of Guangdong Province, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou, China.,Maoming Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangdong, China
| | - Hongchao Gou
- Institute of Animal Health, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Livestock Disease Prevention of Guangdong Province, Scientific Observation and Experiment Station of Veterinary Drugs and Diagnostic Techniques of Guangdong Province, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou, China.,Maoming Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhiyong Jiang
- Institute of Animal Health, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Livestock Disease Prevention of Guangdong Province, Scientific Observation and Experiment Station of Veterinary Drugs and Diagnostic Techniques of Guangdong Province, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou, China.,Maoming Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangdong, China
| | - Rujian Cai
- Institute of Animal Health, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Livestock Disease Prevention of Guangdong Province, Scientific Observation and Experiment Station of Veterinary Drugs and Diagnostic Techniques of Guangdong Province, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou, China.,Maoming Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangdong, China
| | - Chunling Li
- Institute of Animal Health, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Livestock Disease Prevention of Guangdong Province, Scientific Observation and Experiment Station of Veterinary Drugs and Diagnostic Techniques of Guangdong Province, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou, China.,Maoming Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangdong, China
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13
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Assoni L, Girardello R, Converso TR, Darrieux M. Current Stage in the Development of Klebsiella pneumoniae Vaccines. Infect Dis Ther 2021; 10:2157-2175. [PMID: 34476772 PMCID: PMC8412853 DOI: 10.1007/s40121-021-00533-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Klebsiella pneumoniae is a bacterium capable of colonizing mucous membranes, causing serious infections. Widespread antibiotic resistance in K. pneumoniae—either through intrinsic mechanisms or via acquisition from different species, especially in hospital environments—limits the therapeutic options against this pathogen, further aggravating the disease burden. To date, there are no vaccines available against K. pneumoniae infection. Although formulations based on capsular polysaccharides have been proposed, the high variability in capsular serotypes limits vaccine coverage. Recombinant vaccines based on surface exposed bacterial antigens are a promising alternative owing to their conservation among different serotypes and accessibility to the immune system. Many vaccine candidates have been proposed, some of which have reached clinical trials. The present review summarizes the current status of K. pneumoniae vaccine development. Different strategies including whole cell vaccines, outer membrane vesicles (OMVs), ribosome, polysaccharide, lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and protein-based formulations are discussed. The contribution of antibody and cell-mediated responses is also presented. In summary, K. pneumoniae vaccines are feasible and a promising strategy to prevent infections and to reduce the antimicrobial resistance burden worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Assoni
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular de Microrganismos, Universidade São Francisco, Bragança Paulista, Brazil
| | - Raquel Girardello
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular de Microrganismos, Universidade São Francisco, Bragança Paulista, Brazil
| | - Thiago Rojas Converso
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular de Microrganismos, Universidade São Francisco, Bragança Paulista, Brazil
| | - Michelle Darrieux
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular de Microrganismos, Universidade São Francisco, Bragança Paulista, Brazil.
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14
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Jung AL, Schmeck B, Wiegand M, Bedenbender K, Benedikter BJ. The clinical role of host and bacterial-derived extracellular vesicles in pneumonia. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2021; 176:113811. [PMID: 34022269 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2021.05.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Revised: 04/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Pneumonia is among the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Due to constant evolution of respiratory bacteria and viruses, development of drug resistance and emerging pathogens, it constitutes a considerable health care threat. To enable development of novel strategies to control pneumonia, a better understanding of the complex mechanisms of interaction between host cells and infecting pathogens is vital. Here, we review the roles of host cell and bacterial-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) in these interactions. We discuss clinical and experimental as well as pathogen-overarching and pathogen-specific evidence for common viral and bacterial elicitors of community- and hospital-acquired pneumonia. Finally, we highlight the potential of EVs for improved management of pneumonia patients and discuss the translational steps to be taken before they can be safely exploited as novel vaccines, biomarkers, or therapeutics in clinical practice.
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15
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Peng Y, Yin S, Wang M. Extracellular vesicles of bacteria as potential targets for immune interventions. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2021; 17:897-903. [PMID: 32873124 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2020.1799667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacterial infection is one of the most common and serious diseases. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) expressed by bacterial cells during infection and their biological functions have been a growing field in recent years. The study of the immune interaction mechanism between EVs and bacteria has become more significant. EVs are released into the extracellular microenvironment during bacterial infection. EVs carry various lipids, proteins, nucleic acids, and other substances of host bacteria and participate in various physiological and pathological processes. EV-based vaccines against bacterial infection are also being evaluated. This review focuses on the biological characteristics of EVs, the interaction between EVs and the host immune system, and the potential of EVs as new vaccines. A deeper understanding of the interaction between EVs and the immune system informs on the biological function and heterogeneity of EVs. This knowledge also can facilitate the development and application of EVs and their potential as vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yizhi Peng
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Sheng Yin
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Min Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
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16
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Dell’Annunziata F, Ilisso CP, Dell’Aversana C, Greco G, Coppola A, Martora F, Dal Piaz F, Donadio G, Falanga A, Galdiero M, Altucci L, Galdiero M, Porcelli M, Folliero V, Franci G. Outer Membrane Vesicles Derived from Klebsiella pneumoniae Influence the miRNA Expression Profile in Human Bronchial Epithelial BEAS-2B Cells. Microorganisms 2020; 8:microorganisms8121985. [PMID: 33322147 PMCID: PMC7764071 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8121985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Revised: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Klebsiella pneumoniae is an opportunistic pathogen that causes nosocomial and community-acquired infections. The spread of resistant strains of K. pneumoniae represents a growing threat to human health, due to the exhaustion of effective treatments. K. pneumoniae releases outer membrane vesicles (OMVs). OMVs are a vehicle for the transport of virulence factors to host cells, causing cell injury. Previous studies have shown changes of gene expression in human bronchial epithelial cells after treatment with K. pneumoniae OMVs. These variations in gene expression could be regulated through microRNAs (miRNAs), which participate in several biological mechanisms. Thereafter, miRNA expression profiles in human bronchial epithelial cells were evaluated during infection with standard and clinical K. pneumoniae strains. Microarray analysis and RT-qPCR identified the dysregulation of miR-223, hsa-miR-21, hsa-miR-25 and hsa-let-7g miRNA sequences. Target gene prediction revealed the essential role of these miRNAs in the regulation of host immune responses involving NF-ĸB (miR-223), TLR4 (hsa-miR-21), cytokine (hsa-miR-25) and IL-6 (hsa-let-7g miRNA) signalling pathways. The current study provides the first large scale expression profile of miRNAs from lung cells and predicted gene targets, following exposure to K. pneumoniae OMVs. Our results suggest the importance of OMVs in the inflammatory response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Dell’Annunziata
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, 80138 Naples, Italy; (F.D.); (G.G.); (F.M.); (M.G.); (M.G.)
| | - Concetta Paola Ilisso
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, 80138 Naples, Italy; (C.P.I.); (C.D.); (A.C.); (L.A.); (M.P.)
| | - Carmela Dell’Aversana
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, 80138 Naples, Italy; (C.P.I.); (C.D.); (A.C.); (L.A.); (M.P.)
| | - Giuseppe Greco
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, 80138 Naples, Italy; (F.D.); (G.G.); (F.M.); (M.G.); (M.G.)
| | - Alessandra Coppola
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, 80138 Naples, Italy; (C.P.I.); (C.D.); (A.C.); (L.A.); (M.P.)
| | - Francesca Martora
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, 80138 Naples, Italy; (F.D.); (G.G.); (F.M.); (M.G.); (M.G.)
| | - Fabrizio Dal Piaz
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry Scuola Medica Salernitana, University of Salerno, 84081 Salerno, Italy; (F.D.P.); (G.D.)
| | - Giuliana Donadio
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry Scuola Medica Salernitana, University of Salerno, 84081 Salerno, Italy; (F.D.P.); (G.D.)
| | - Annarita Falanga
- Department of Agricultural Science, University of Naples Federico II, 80055 Naples, Italy;
| | - Marilena Galdiero
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, 80138 Naples, Italy; (F.D.); (G.G.); (F.M.); (M.G.); (M.G.)
| | - Lucia Altucci
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, 80138 Naples, Italy; (C.P.I.); (C.D.); (A.C.); (L.A.); (M.P.)
| | - Massimiliano Galdiero
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, 80138 Naples, Italy; (F.D.); (G.G.); (F.M.); (M.G.); (M.G.)
| | - Marina Porcelli
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, 80138 Naples, Italy; (C.P.I.); (C.D.); (A.C.); (L.A.); (M.P.)
| | - Veronica Folliero
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, 80138 Naples, Italy; (F.D.); (G.G.); (F.M.); (M.G.); (M.G.)
- Correspondence: (V.F.); (G.F.)
| | - Gianluigi Franci
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry Scuola Medica Salernitana, University of Salerno, 84081 Salerno, Italy; (F.D.P.); (G.D.)
- Correspondence: (V.F.); (G.F.)
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17
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Hu Y, Anes J, Devineau S, Fanning S. Klebsiella pneumoniae: Prevalence, Reservoirs, Antimicrobial Resistance, Pathogenicity, and Infection: A Hitherto Unrecognized Zoonotic Bacterium. Foodborne Pathog Dis 2020; 18:63-84. [PMID: 33124929 DOI: 10.1089/fpd.2020.2847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Klebsiella pneumoniae is considered an opportunistic pathogen, constituting an ongoing health concern for immunocompromised patients, the elderly, and neonates. Reports on the isolation of K. pneumoniae from other sources are increasing, many of which express multidrug-resistant (MDR) phenotypes. Three phylogroups were identified based on nucleotide differences. Niche environments, including plants, animals, and humans appear to be colonized by different phylogroups, among which KpI (K. pneumoniae) is commonly associated with human infection. Infections with K. pneumoniae can be transmitted through contaminated food or water and can be associated with community-acquired infections or between persons and animals involved in hospital-acquired infections. Increasing reports are describing detections along the food chain, suggesting the possibility exists that this could be a hitherto unexplored reservoir for this opportunistic bacterial pathogen. Expression of MDR phenotypes elaborated by these bacteria is due to the nature of various plasmids carrying antimicrobial resistance (AMR)-encoding genes, and is a challenge to animal, environmental, and human health alike. Raman spectroscopy has the potential to provide for the rapid identification and screening of antimicrobial susceptibility of Klebsiella isolates. Moreover, hypervirulent isolates linked with extraintestinal infections express phenotypes that may support their niche adaptation. In this review, the prevalence, reservoirs, AMR, Raman spectroscopy detection, and pathogenicity of K. pneumoniae are summarized and various extraintestinal infection pathways are further narrated to extend our understanding of its adaptation and survival ability in reservoirs, and associated disease risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujie Hu
- UCD-Centre for Food Safety, UCD School of Public Health, Physiotherapy and Sports Science, Science Centre South, College of Health and Agricultural Sciences, University College Dublin (UCD), Dublin, Ireland.,Key Laboratory of Food Safety Risk Assessment, Ministry of Health, China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Beijing, China
| | - João Anes
- UCD-Centre for Food Safety, UCD School of Public Health, Physiotherapy and Sports Science, Science Centre South, College of Health and Agricultural Sciences, University College Dublin (UCD), Dublin, Ireland
| | | | - Séamus Fanning
- UCD-Centre for Food Safety, UCD School of Public Health, Physiotherapy and Sports Science, Science Centre South, College of Health and Agricultural Sciences, University College Dublin (UCD), Dublin, Ireland.,Key Laboratory of Food Safety Risk Assessment, Ministry of Health, China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Beijing, China.,Institute for Global Food Security, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
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18
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The Importance of Porins and β-Lactamase in Outer Membrane Vesicles on the Hydrolysis of β-Lactam Antibiotics. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21082822. [PMID: 32316670 PMCID: PMC7215730 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21082822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Revised: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Gram-negative bacteria have an outer membrane inhibiting the entry of antibiotics. Porins, found within the outer membrane, are involved in regulating the permeability of β-lactam antibiotics. β-lactamases are enzymes that are able to inactivate the antibacterial properties of β-lactam antibiotics. Interestingly, porins and β-lactamase are found in outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) of β-lactam-resistant Escherichia coli and may be involved in the survival of susceptible strains of E. coli in the presence of antibiotics, through the hydrolysis of the β-lactam antibiotic. In this study, OMVs isolated from β-lactam-resistant E. coli and from mutants, lacking porin or β-lactamase, were evaluated to establish if the porins or β-lactamase in OMVs were involved in the degradation of β-lactam antibiotics. OMVs isolated from E. coli deficient in β-lactamase did not show any degradation ability against β-lactam antibiotics, while OMVs lacking OmpC or OmpF showed significantly lower levels of hydrolyzing activity than OMVs from parent E. coli. These data reveal an important role of OMVs in bacterial defense mechanisms demonstrating that the OmpC and OmpF proteins allow permeation of β-lactam antibiotics into the lumen of OMVs, and antibiotics that enter the OMVs can be degraded by β-lactamase.
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19
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Vitse J, Devreese B. The Contribution of Membrane Vesicles to Bacterial Pathogenicity in Cystic Fibrosis Infections and Healthcare Associated Pneumonia. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:630. [PMID: 32328052 PMCID: PMC7160670 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.00630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Almost all bacteria secrete spherical membranous nanoparticles, also referred to as membrane vesicles (MVs). A variety of MV types exist, ranging from 20 to 400 nm in diameter, each with their own formation routes. The most well-known vesicles are the outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) which are formed by budding from the outer membrane in Gram-negative bacteria. Recently, other types of MVs have been discovered and described, including outer-inner membrane vesicles (OIMVs) and cytoplasmic membrane vesicles (CMVs). The former are mainly formed by a process termed endolysin-triggered cell lysis in Gram-negative bacteria, the latter are formed by Gram-positive bacteria. MVs carry a wide range of cargo, such as nucleic acids, virulence factors and antibiotic resistance components. Moreover, they are involved in a multitude of biological processes that increase bacterial pathogenicity. In this review, we discuss the functional aspects of MVs secreted by bacteria associated with cystic fibrosis and nosocomial pneumonia. We mainly focus on how MVs are involved in virulence, antibiotic resistance, biofilm development and inflammation that consequently aid these bacterial infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jolien Vitse
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Bart Devreese
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
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20
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Xu S, Hou X, Sun L, Zhang J, Ji X, Wang X, Li H, Li Z. An immunoproteomic approach to identify antigenic proteins in Nocardia farcinica IFM 10152. Microb Pathog 2019; 137:103705. [PMID: 31487535 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2019.103705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2019] [Revised: 08/22/2019] [Accepted: 09/01/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Nocardia farcinica is the etiological agent of nocardiosis, leading to serious pulmonary or systemic infections. To uncover virulence factors and early diagnostic markers, secreted proteins of N. farcinica IFM 10152 were analyzed using an immunoproteome-based approach. A total of 5 proteins were identified by matrix-assisted laser desorption (MALDI-TOF-MS). Bioinformatic analyses showed that the identified proteins were involved in defense against the host innate immune system and required for pathogenesis. All proteins were expressed in E. coli and antigenicity was analyzed with Western blot. To our knowledge, these proteins with antigenicity were identified for the first time in N. farcinica and they may help elucidate the pathogenesis underlying Nocardia and provide potential future diagnostic markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Xuexin Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Lina Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Jingshan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Xingzhao Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Xuebing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Heqiao Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhenjun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China.
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21
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Martora F, Pinto F, Folliero V, Cammarota M, Dell'Annunziata F, Squillaci G, Galdiero M, Morana A, Schiraldi C, Giovane A, Galdiero M, Franci G. Isolation, characterization and analysis of pro-inflammatory potential of Klebsiella pneumoniae outer membrane vesicles. Microb Pathog 2019; 136:103719. [PMID: 31493501 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2019.103719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2019] [Revised: 09/03/2019] [Accepted: 09/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) are potent virulence factors, naturally secreted by gram-negative bacteria. Since Klebsiella pneumoniae has emerged as an important nosocomial pathogen, because of resistance to a wide spectrum of antibiotics, it is crucial to investigate its pathogenetic mechanism microorganism secretes outer membrane vesicles (OMVs), but the pathogenesis of Klebsiella pneumoniae as it relates to OMVs has not been well elucidated. In this study we focused on the isolation, characterization and evaluation of the virulence potential of OMVs obtained from Klebsiella pneumoniae. Our data demonstrate that Klebsiella pneumoniae OMVs are important secretory nanocomplexes that elicit a potent inflammatory response. Since OMVs are clearly involved in the pathogenesis of this bacterium during infection, further studies are required to determine whether they could be future targets for novel therapy and potential vaccine against Klebsiella pneumoniae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Martora
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Study of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Federica Pinto
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Study of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Veronica Folliero
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Study of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Marcella Cammarota
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Study of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Federica Dell'Annunziata
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Study of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Squillaci
- Research Institute on Terrestrial Ecosystem (IRET), National Research Council of Italy, Naples, Italy
| | - Massimiliano Galdiero
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Study of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Alessandra Morana
- Research Institute on Terrestrial Ecosystem (IRET), National Research Council of Italy, Naples, Italy
| | - Chiara Schiraldi
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Study of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Alfonso Giovane
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Study of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Marilena Galdiero
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Study of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy.
| | - Gianluigi Franci
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Study of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy.
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22
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Brunson DN, Maldosevic E, Velez A, Figgins E, Ellis TN. Porin loss in Klebsiella pneumoniae clinical isolates impacts production of virulence factors and survival within macrophages. Int J Med Microbiol 2019; 309:213-224. [PMID: 31010630 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijmm.2019.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2018] [Revised: 03/11/2019] [Accepted: 04/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Clinical isolates of Klebsiella pneumoniae are often resistant to beta-lactam antibiotics via the acquisition of extended spectrum beta lactamase (ESBL) enzymes paired with loss of one or both major outer membrane porins. It has been well established that loss of OmpK35 and/or OmpK36 correlates with increased minimum inhibitory concentrations of antibiotics that target the peptidoglycan. However, little is known concerning the downstream effects porin loss might have on other major virulence factors such as the polysaccharide capsule or LPS. Furthermore, it is unknown whether these cumulative changes impact pathogenesis. Therefore, the focus of this study was to identify alterations in production of the major virulence factors due to porin loss; and to investigate the effect these changes have on host pathogen interactions. Our data demonstrates that loss of a single porin is paired with reductions in capsule, increased LPS content, and up-regulated transcription of compensatory porin genes. In contrast, loss of both porins resulted in a significant increase in capsule production. Loss of OmpK35 alone or dual porin loss was further associated with reduced oxidative burst by macrophages and increased ability of the bacteria to survive phagocytic killing. These data indicate that porin loss is accompanied by a suite of changes in other virulence-associated factors. These cumulative changes act to nullify any negative fitness effect due to lack of the nonspecific porin proteins, allowing the bacteria to grow and survive phagocytic immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debra N Brunson
- University of North Florida, Department of Biology, 1 UNF Drive, Building 59, Room 3312, Jacksonville, FL 32224, United States
| | - Emir Maldosevic
- University of North Florida, Department of Biology, 1 UNF Drive, Building 59, Room 3312, Jacksonville, FL 32224, United States
| | - Amanda Velez
- University of North Florida, Department of Biology, 1 UNF Drive, Building 59, Room 3312, Jacksonville, FL 32224, United States
| | - Erika Figgins
- University of North Florida, Department of Biology, 1 UNF Drive, Building 59, Room 3312, Jacksonville, FL 32224, United States
| | - Terri N Ellis
- University of North Florida, Department of Biology, 1 UNF Drive, Building 59, Room 3312, Jacksonville, FL 32224, United States.
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23
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Cai W, Kesavan DK, Wan J, Abdelaziz MH, Su Z, Xu H. Bacterial outer membrane vesicles, a potential vaccine candidate in interactions with host cells based. Diagn Pathol 2018; 13:95. [PMID: 30537996 PMCID: PMC6290530 DOI: 10.1186/s13000-018-0768-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2018] [Accepted: 11/07/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Both Gram-Positive and Gram-Negative bacteria can secrete outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) in their growth and metabolism process. Originally, OMVs were considered as a by-product of bacterial merisis. However, many scientists have reported the important role of OMVs in many fields recently. In this review, we briefly introduce OMVs biological functions and then summarize the findings about the OMVs interactions with host cells. At last, we will make an expectation about the prospects of the application of OMVs as vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Cai
- Department of Immunology, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu, China
| | | | - Jie Wan
- Department of Immunology, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu, China
| | | | - Zhaoliang Su
- Department of Immunology, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu, China.,The Central Laboratory, the Fourth Affiliated of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212001, China
| | - Huaxi Xu
- Department of Immunology, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu, China.
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24
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Kong HK, Pan Q, Lo WU, Liu X, Law COK, Chan TF, Ho PL, Lau TCK. Fine-tuning carbapenem resistance by reducing porin permeability of bacteria activated in the selection process of conjugation. Sci Rep 2018; 8:15248. [PMID: 30323356 PMCID: PMC6189183 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-33568-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2018] [Accepted: 09/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Antibiotic resistance is an emerging public health issue. Plasmids are one of the popular carriers to disseminate resistance genes among pathogens. However, the response of plasmid-carrying bacteria to antibiotic treatment and how these bacteria evolve to increase their resistance remain elusive. In this study, we conjugated plasmid pNDM-HK to E. coli J53 recipient cells and selected survivors using different concentrations of the broad spectrum antibiotic meropenem. After selection, transconjugants conferred varying minimum inhibitory concentrations with respect to carbapenems. We sequenced and compared the transcriptomes of transconjugants that exhibited distinct carbapenem susceptibilities, and found that the loss of outer membrane proteins led to antibiotic resistance. Moreover, we identified a novel mutation, G63S, in transcription factor OmpR which moderates the expression of outer membrane proteins. The loss of porins was due to incapability of phosphorylation, which is essential for porin transcription and carbapenem resistance. We also characterized other genes that are regulated by ompR in this mutant, which contributed to bacterial antibiotic resistance. Overall, our studies suggest antibiotic pressure after conjugation might be an alternative pathway to promote antimicrobial resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hoi-Kuan Kong
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, Kowloon Tong, People's Republic of China
| | - Qing Pan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, Kowloon Tong, People's Republic of China
| | - Wai-U Lo
- Department of Microbiology and Carol Yu Centre for Infection, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, Kowloon Tong, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuan Liu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, Kowloon Tong, People's Republic of China
| | - Carmen O K Law
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, Kowloon Tong, People's Republic of China
| | - Ting-Fung Chan
- School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, Kowloon Tong, People's Republic of China
| | - Pak-Leung Ho
- Department of Microbiology and Carol Yu Centre for Infection, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, Kowloon Tong, People's Republic of China
| | - Terrence Chi-Kong Lau
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, Kowloon Tong, People's Republic of China.
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25
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Du F, Wei DD, Wan LG, Cao XW, Zhang W, Liu Y. Evaluation of ompK36 allele groups on clinical characteristics and virulence features of Klebsiella pneumoniae from bacteremia. JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGY, IMMUNOLOGY, AND INFECTION = WEI MIAN YU GAN RAN ZA ZHI 2018; 52:779-787. [PMID: 30348614 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmii.2018.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2017] [Revised: 07/20/2018] [Accepted: 08/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/PURPOSE This study investigated the implications of ompK36 allele groups on clinical and microbiological features of patients with Klebsiella pneumoniae bacteremia. METHODS A total of 80 K. pneumoniae bloodstream isolates were collected and then divided into four ompK36 allele groups. Clinical characteristics, bacterial antibiotic resistance and virulence determinants were analyzed, including resistance and virulence genes, hypermucoviscosity phenotype, K capsule serotypes, biofilm formation, serum killing, neutrophil phagocytosis, and mouse lethality studies. RESULTS 78 isolates were classified into four ompK36 variants, designated groups A (34), B (6), C (26), and D (12), respectively; 2 isolate was untypeable. OmpK36 group C isolates carried higher frequencies of K1/K2 capsule serotypes, hypermucoviscosity phenotype, rmpA gene, allS gene, iroB gene, aerobactin gene, or rmpA2 gene than non-C group isolates. OmpK36 group C isolates were significantly more virulent, as higher serum resistance, higher anti-phagocytosis and higher mouse lethality, than OmpK36 non-C group isolates, except for similar biofilm formation capability. The K20 isolates probably has low expression rates of rmpA and rmpA2 for hypermucoviscosity phenotype. The biofilm formation was significantly associated with ESBL production. OmpK36 group C isolates were more frequently detected in patients with community-acquired bloodstream infection. However, significant underlying diseases and prior use of carbapenem were highly prevalent in patients with OmpK36 non-C group isolates infection. ESBL production was apparently higher in non-C group but did not reach statistical significance. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that the OmpK36 group C K.pneumoniae is more associated with community-acquired infection with a lower frequency of underlying illness, but with significantly more virulence in bloodstream infection. This would give a remind that clinicians should be aware of such clinical impacts of the ompK36 allele group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangling Du
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang University, Nanchang, PR China
| | - Dan-Dan Wei
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang University, Nanchang, PR China
| | - La-Gen Wan
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang University, Nanchang, PR China
| | - Xian-Wei Cao
- Department of Hospital Infection-Control, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang University, Nanchang, PR China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Respiratory, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang University, Nanchang, PR China
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang University, Nanchang, PR China.
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26
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Outer membrane vesicles from β-lactam-resistant Escherichia coli enable the survival of β-lactam-susceptible E. coli in the presence of β-lactam antibiotics. Sci Rep 2018; 8:5402. [PMID: 29599474 PMCID: PMC5876404 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-23656-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2017] [Accepted: 03/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) containing various bacterial compounds are released from mainly gram-negative bacteria. Secreted OMVs play important roles in the ability of a bacterium to defend itself, and thus contribute to the survival of bacteria in a community. In this study, we collected OMVs from β-lactam antibiotic-resistant Escherichia coli established by conjugation assay and the parental β-lactam antibiotic-susceptible strain, and performed comparative proteomic analysis to examine whether these OMVs carried β-lactam-resistant compounds. We also investigated whether both types of OMVs could protect susceptible cells from β-lactam-induced death and/or directly degrade β-lactam antibiotics. Several proteins that can be involved in degrading β-lactam antibiotics were more abundant in OMVs from β-lactam-resistant E. coli, and thus OMVs from β-lactam resistant E. coli could directly and dose-dependently degrade β-lactam antibiotics and fully rescue β-lactam-susceptible E. coli and other bacterial species from β-lactam antibiotic-induced growth inhibition. Taken together, present study demonstrate that OMVs from β-lactam-resistant E. coli play important roles in survival of antibiotic susceptible bacteria against β-lactam antibiotics. This finding may pave the way for new efforts to combat the current global spread of antibiotic resistances, which is considered to be a significant public health threat.
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27
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Li Y, Ge XZ, Tian PF. Production of 1,3-propanediol from glycerol using a new isolateKlebsiellasp. AA405 carrying low levels of virulence factors. BIOTECHNOL BIOTEC EQ 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/13102818.2017.1335175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ying Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioprocess, College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- College of Biochemical Engineering, Beijing Union University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xi-Zhen Ge
- College of Biochemical Engineering, Beijing Union University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Ping-Fang Tian
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioprocess, College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, People's Republic of China
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