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Kumari D, Kour P, Singh CP, Choudhary R, Ali SM, Bhayye S, Bharitkar YP, Singh K. Anhydroparthenin as a dual-target inhibitor against Sterol C-24 methyltransferase and Sterol 14-α demethylase of Leishmania donovani: A comprehensive in vitro and in silico study. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 269:132034. [PMID: 38702006 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.132034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2024] [Revised: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024]
Abstract
Parthenium hysterophorus plant has a diverse chemical profile and immense bioactive potential. It exhibits excellent pharmacological properties such as anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory, anti-malarial, microbicidal, and anti-trypanosomal. The present study aims to evaluate the anti-leishmanial potential and toxicological safety of anhydroparthenin isolated from P. hysterophorus. Anydroparthenin was extracted from the leaves of P. hysterophorus and characterized through detailed analysis of 1H, 13C NMR, and HRMS. Dye-based in vitro and ex vivo assays confirmed that anhydroparthenin significantly inhibited both promastigote and amastigote forms of the Leishmania donovani parasites. Both the cytotoxicity experiment and hemolytic assay revealed its non-toxic nature and safety index in the range of 10 to 15. Further, various mechanistic assays suggested that anhydroparthenin led to the generation of oxidative stress, intracellular ATP depletion, alterations in morphology and mitochondrial membrane potential, formation of intracellular lipid bodies, and acidic vesicles, ultimately leading to parasite death. As a dual targeting approach, computational studies and sterol quantification assays confirmed that anhydroparthenin inhibits the Sterol C-24 methyl transferase and Sterol 14-α demethylase proteins involved in the ergosterol biosynthesis in Leishmania parasites. These results suggest that anhydroparthenin could be a promising anti-leishmanial molecule and can be developed as a novel therapeutic stratagem against leishmaniasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diksha Kumari
- Infectious Diseases Division, CSIR- Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu 180001, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Parampreet Kour
- Infectious Diseases Division, CSIR- Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu 180001, India
| | - Chetan Paul Singh
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India; Natural Products & Medicinal Chemistry Division, CSIR- Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu 180001, India
| | - Rinku Choudhary
- Department of Bioinformatics, Rajiv Gandhi Institute of I.T. and Biotechnology, Bharati Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be University), Pune, Maharashtra 411046, India
| | - Syed Mudassir Ali
- Pharmacology Division, CSIR- Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu 180001, India
| | - Sagar Bhayye
- Department of Bioinformatics, Rajiv Gandhi Institute of I.T. and Biotechnology, Bharati Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be University), Pune, Maharashtra 411046, India
| | - Yogesh P Bharitkar
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India; Natural Products & Medicinal Chemistry Division, CSIR- Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu 180001, India.
| | - Kuljit Singh
- Infectious Diseases Division, CSIR- Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu 180001, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India.
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Singh C, Sharma P, Ahmed M, Kumar D, Sharma YB, Samanta J, Ahmed Z, Shukla SK, Hazra A, Bharitkar YP. Semisynthesis of Novel Dispiro-pyrrolizidino/thiopyrrolizidino-oxindolo/indanedione Natural Product Hybrids of Parthenin Followed by Their Cytotoxicity Evaluation. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:35283-35294. [PMID: 37779957 PMCID: PMC10536096 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c05020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
Natural products possess unique and broader intricacies in the chemical space and have been essential for drug discovery. The crucial factor for drug discovery success is not the size of the library but rather its structural diversity. Although reports on the number of new structurally diverse natural products (NPs) have declined recently, researchers follow the next logical step: synthesizing natural product hybrids and their analogues using the most potent tool, diversity-oriented synthesis (DOS). Here, we use weed Parthenium hysterophorus as a source of parthenin for synthesis of novel dispiro-pyrrolizidino/thiopyrrolizidino-oxindolo/indanedione natural product hybrids of parthenin via chemo-, regio-, and stereoselective azomethine ylide cycloaddition. All synthesized compounds were characterized through a detailed analysis of one-dimensional (1D) and two-dimensional (2D) NMR and HRMS data, and the stereochemistries of the compounds were confirmed by X-ray diffraction analysis. All compounds were evaluated for their cytotoxicity against four cell lines (HCT-116, A549, Mia-Paca-2, and MCF-7), and compound 6 inhibited the HCT-116 cells with an IC50 of 5.0 ± 0.08 μM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chetan
Paul Singh
- CSIR-Indian
Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road, Jammu 180001, India
- Academy
of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Priyanka Sharma
- National
Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Chunilal Bhawan, 168, Maniktala
Main Road, Kolkata 700054, India
| | - Manzoor Ahmed
- CSIR-Indian
Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road, Jammu 180001, India
- Academy
of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Diljeet Kumar
- CSIR-Indian
Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road, Jammu 180001, India
- Academy
of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Yogesh Brijwashi Sharma
- National
Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Chunilal Bhawan, 168, Maniktala
Main Road, Kolkata 700054, India
| | - Jayanta Samanta
- Department
of Chemistry, SRM Institute of Science and
Technology, Kattankulathur 603 203, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Zabeer Ahmed
- CSIR-Indian
Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road, Jammu 180001, India
- Academy
of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Sanket Kumar Shukla
- CSIR-Indian
Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road, Jammu 180001, India
- Academy
of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Abhijit Hazra
- National
Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Chunilal Bhawan, 168, Maniktala
Main Road, Kolkata 700054, India
| | - Yogesh P. Bharitkar
- CSIR-Indian
Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road, Jammu 180001, India
- Academy
of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
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Maciuk A, Mazier D, Duval R. Future antimalarials from Artemisia? A rationale for natural product mining against drug-refractory Plasmodium stages. Nat Prod Rep 2023; 40:1130-1144. [PMID: 37021639 DOI: 10.1039/d3np00001j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/07/2023]
Abstract
Covering: up to 2023Infusions of the plants Artemisia annua and A. afra are gaining broad popularity to prevent or treat malaria. There is an urgent need to address this controversial public health question by providing solid scientific evidence in relation to these uses. Infusions of either species were shown to inhibit the asexual blood stages, the liver stages including the hypnozoites, but also the sexual stages, the gametocytes, of Plasmodium parasites. Elimination of hypnozoites and sterilization of mature gametocytes remain pivotal elements of the radical cure of P. vivax, and the blockage of P. vivax and P. falciparum transmission, respectively. Drugs active against these stages are restricted to the 8-aminoquinolines primaquine and tafenoquine, a paucity worsened by their double dependence on the host genetic to elicit clinical activity without severe toxicity. Besides artemisinin, these Artemisia spp. contain many natural products effective against Plasmodium asexual blood stages, but their activity against hypnozoites and gametocytes was never investigated. In the context of important therapeutic issues, we provide a review addressing (i) the role of artemisinin in the bioactivity of these Artemisia infusions against specific parasite stages, i.e., alone or in association with other phytochemicals; (ii) the mechanisms of action and biological targets in Plasmodium of ca. 60 infusion-specific Artemisia phytochemicals, with an emphasis on drug-refractory parasite stages (i.e., hypnozoites and gametocytes). Our objective is to guide the strategic prospecting of antiplasmodial natural products from these Artemisia spp., paving the way toward novel antimalarial "hit" compounds either naturally occurring or Artemisia-inspired.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dominique Mazier
- CIMI, CNRS, Inserm, Faculté de Médecine Sorbonne Université, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Romain Duval
- MERIT, IRD, Université Paris Cité, 75006 Paris, France.
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Muema JM, Mutunga JM, Obonyo MA, Getahun MN, Mwakubambanya RS, Akala HM, Cheruiyot AC, Yeda RA, Juma DW, Andagalu B, Johnson JL, Roth AL, Bargul JL. Isoliensinine from Cissampelos pariera rhizomes exhibits potential gametocytocidal and anti-malarial activities against Plasmodium falciparum clinical isolates. Malar J 2023; 22:161. [PMID: 37208735 DOI: 10.1186/s12936-023-04590-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The unmet demand for effective malaria transmission-blocking agents targeting the transmissible stages of Plasmodium necessitates intensive discovery efforts. In this study, a bioactive bisbenzylisoquinoline (BBIQ), isoliensinine, from Cissampelos pariera (Menispermaceae) rhizomes was identified and characterized for its anti-malarial activity. METHODS Malaria SYBR Green I fluorescence assay was performed to evaluate the in vitro antimalarial activity against D6, Dd2, and F32-ART5 clones, and immediate ex vivo (IEV) susceptibility for 10 freshly collected P. falciparum isolates. To determine the speed- and stage-of-action of isoliensinine, an IC50 speed assay and morphological analyses were performed using synchronized Dd2 asexuals. Gametocytocidal activity against two culture-adapted gametocyte-producing clinical isolates was determined using microscopy readouts, with possible molecular targets and their binding affinities deduced in silico. RESULTS Isoliensinine displayed a potent in vitro gametocytocidal activity at mean IC50gam values ranging between 0.41 and 0.69 µM for Plasmodium falciparum clinical isolates. The BBIQ compound also inhibited asexual replication at mean IC50Asexual of 2.17 µM, 2.22 µM, and 2.39 µM for D6, Dd2 and F32-ART5 respectively, targeting the late-trophozoite to schizont transition. Further characterization demonstrated a considerable immediate ex vivo potency against human clinical isolates at a geometric mean IC50IEV = 1.433 µM (95% CI 0.917-2.242). In silico analyses postulated a probable anti-malarial mechanism of action by high binding affinities for four mitotic division protein kinases; Pfnek1, Pfmap2, Pfclk1, and Pfclk4. Additionally, isoliensinine was predicted to possess an optimal pharmacokinetics profile and drug-likeness properties. CONCLUSION These findings highlight considerable grounds for further exploration of isoliensinine as an amenable scaffold for malaria transmission-blocking chemistry and target validation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jackson M Muema
- Department of Biochemistry, Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology (JKUAT), Nairobi, Kenya.
- U.S. Army Medical Research Directorate-Africa (USAMRD-A), Centre for Global Health Research (CGHR), Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI), Kisumu, Kenya.
| | - James M Mutunga
- U.S. Army Medical Research Directorate-Africa (USAMRD-A), Centre for Global Health Research (CGHR), Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI), Kisumu, Kenya
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Pure and Applied Sciences, Mount Kenya University, Thika, Kenya
- School of Engineering Design, Technology and Professional Programs, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Meshack A Obonyo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Egerton University, Egerton, Kenya
| | - Merid N Getahun
- International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology (Icipe), Nairobi, Kenya
| | | | - Hoseah M Akala
- U.S. Army Medical Research Directorate-Africa (USAMRD-A), Centre for Global Health Research (CGHR), Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI), Kisumu, Kenya
| | - Agnes C Cheruiyot
- U.S. Army Medical Research Directorate-Africa (USAMRD-A), Centre for Global Health Research (CGHR), Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI), Kisumu, Kenya
| | - Redemptah A Yeda
- U.S. Army Medical Research Directorate-Africa (USAMRD-A), Centre for Global Health Research (CGHR), Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI), Kisumu, Kenya
| | - Dennis W Juma
- U.S. Army Medical Research Directorate-Africa (USAMRD-A), Centre for Global Health Research (CGHR), Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI), Kisumu, Kenya
| | - Ben Andagalu
- U.S. Army Medical Research Directorate-Africa (USAMRD-A), Centre for Global Health Research (CGHR), Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI), Kisumu, Kenya
| | - Jaree L Johnson
- U.S. Army Medical Research Directorate-Africa (USAMRD-A), Centre for Global Health Research (CGHR), Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI), Kisumu, Kenya
| | - Amanda L Roth
- U.S. Army Medical Research Directorate-Africa (USAMRD-A), Centre for Global Health Research (CGHR), Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI), Kisumu, Kenya
| | - Joel L Bargul
- Department of Biochemistry, Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology (JKUAT), Nairobi, Kenya.
- International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology (Icipe), Nairobi, Kenya.
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Tchouassi DP, Agha SB, Villinger J, Sang R, Torto B. The distinctive bionomics of Aedes aegypti populations in Africa. CURRENT OPINION IN INSECT SCIENCE 2022; 54:100986. [PMID: 36243315 DOI: 10.1016/j.cois.2022.100986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Revised: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Aedes aegypti is the primary vector of dengue, chikungunya, and Zika viruses of medical importance. Behavioral and biological attributes contribute to its vectorial capacity. The mosquito domestic form, which resides outside Africa (Ae. aegypti aegypti (Aaa)), is considered to breed in artificial containers in and around homes and preferentially feeds on human blood but commonly indulges in a plant diet. Potential divergence in these attributes, in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) where Aaa coexists with the forest ecotype (Ae. aegypti formosus), should impact the vectoring ability and hence disease epidemiology. A summary of current knowledge on Ae. aegypti blood feeding, oviposition, and plant-feeding habits among SSA populations is provided in comparison with those in different geographies, globally. Emphasis is placed on improved understanding of the connection between changing subspecies adaptation in these traits and arbovirus disease risk in SSA in response to climate change and increasing urbanization, with the ultimate use of this information for effective disease control.
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Affiliation(s)
- David P Tchouassi
- International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology, P.O. Box 30772-00100, Nairobi, Kenya.
| | - Sheila B Agha
- International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology, P.O. Box 30772-00100, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Jandouwe Villinger
- International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology, P.O. Box 30772-00100, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Rosemary Sang
- International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology, P.O. Box 30772-00100, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Baldwyn Torto
- International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology, P.O. Box 30772-00100, Nairobi, Kenya
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6
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Muema JM, Bargul JL, Obonyo MA, Njeru SN, Matoke-Muhia D, Mutunga JM. Contemporary exploitation of natural products for arthropod-borne pathogen transmission-blocking interventions. Parasit Vectors 2022; 15:298. [PMID: 36002857 PMCID: PMC9404607 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-022-05367-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
An integrated approach to innovatively counter the transmission of various arthropod-borne diseases to humans would benefit from strategies that sustainably limit onward passage of infective life cycle stages of pathogens and parasites to the insect vectors and vice versa. Aiming to accelerate the impetus towards a disease-free world amid the challenges posed by climate change, discovery, mindful exploitation and integration of active natural products in design of pathogen transmission-blocking interventions is of high priority. Herein, we provide a review of natural compounds endowed with blockade potential against transmissible forms of human pathogens reported in the last 2 decades from 2000 to 2021. Finally, we propose various translational strategies that can exploit these pathogen transmission-blocking natural products into design of novel and sustainable disease control interventions. In summary, tapping these compounds will potentially aid in integrated combat mission to reduce disease transmission trends.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jackson M Muema
- Department of Biochemistry, Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology (JKUAT), P.O. Box 62000, Nairobi, 00200, Kenya.
| | - Joel L Bargul
- Department of Biochemistry, Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology (JKUAT), P.O. Box 62000, Nairobi, 00200, Kenya.,International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology (Icipe), P.O. Box 30772, Nairobi, 00100, Kenya
| | - Meshack A Obonyo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Egerton University, P.O. Box 536, Egerton, 20115, Kenya
| | - Sospeter N Njeru
- Centre for Traditional Medicine and Drug Research (CTMDR), Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI), P.O. Box 54840, Nairobi, 00200, Kenya
| | - Damaris Matoke-Muhia
- Centre for Biotechnology Research Development (CBRD), Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI), P.O. Box 54840, Nairobi, 00200, Kenya
| | - James M Mutunga
- Department of Biological Sciences, Mount Kenya University (MKU), P.O. Box 54, Thika, 01000, Kenya.,School of Engineering Design, Technology and Professional Programs, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
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Kaur A, Kaur S, Jandrotia R, Singh HP, Batish DR, Kohli RK, Rana VS, Shakil NA. Parthenin-A Sesquiterpene Lactone with Multifaceted Biological Activities: Insights and Prospects. Molecules 2021; 26:5347. [PMID: 34500778 PMCID: PMC8434391 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26175347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Revised: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Parthenin, a sesquiterpene lactone of pseudoguaianolide type, is the representative secondary metabolite of the tropical weed Parthenium hysterophorus (Asteraceae). It accounts for a multitude of biological activities, including toxicity, allergenicity, allelopathy, and pharmacological aspects of the plant. Thus far, parthenin and its derivatives have been tested for chemotherapeutic abilities, medicinal properties, and herbicidal/pesticidal activities. However, due to the lack of toxicity-bioactivity relationship studies, the versatile properties of parthenin are relatively less utilised. The possibility of exploiting parthenin in different scientific fields (e.g., chemistry, medicine, and agriculture) makes it a subject of analytical discussion. The present review highlights the multifaceted uses of parthenin, on-going research, constraints in the practical applicability, and the possible workarounds for its successful utilisation. The main aim of this comprehensive discussion is to bring parthenin to the attention of researchers, pharmacologists, natural product chemists, and chemical biologists and to open the door for its multidimensional applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amarpreet Kaur
- Department of Botany, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160 014, India; (A.K.); (R.J.); (R.K.K.)
| | - Shalinder Kaur
- Department of Botany, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160 014, India; (A.K.); (R.J.); (R.K.K.)
| | - Rupali Jandrotia
- Department of Botany, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160 014, India; (A.K.); (R.J.); (R.K.K.)
| | - Harminder Pal Singh
- Department of Environment Studies, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160 014, India
| | - Daizy Rani Batish
- Department of Botany, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160 014, India; (A.K.); (R.J.); (R.K.K.)
| | - Ravinder Kumar Kohli
- Department of Botany, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160 014, India; (A.K.); (R.J.); (R.K.K.)
| | - Virendra Singh Rana
- Division of Agricultural Chemicals, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, PUSA, New Delhi 110 012, India; (V.S.R.); (N.A.S.)
| | - Najam A. Shakil
- Division of Agricultural Chemicals, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, PUSA, New Delhi 110 012, India; (V.S.R.); (N.A.S.)
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Milugo TK, Tchouassi DP, Kavishe RA, Dinglasan RR, Torto B. Derivatization increases mosquito larvicidal activity of the sesquiterpene lactone parthenin isolated from the invasive weed Parthenium hysterophorus. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2021; 77:659-665. [PMID: 33034953 DOI: 10.1002/ps.6131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Revised: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Extracts of the invasive weed Parthenium hysterophorus (Asteraceae) have been shown to possess larvicidal activity against a wide range of disease vectors. However, the phytochemicals responsible for the larvicidal activity from this plant remain unidentified. Here, we isolated the major sesquiterpene lactone, parthenin (1) from the plant and synthesized two derivatives [ethylene glycol (2) and azide (3) derivatives] targeting the α,β-unsaturated carbonyl group, previously known to account for its biological activity such as toxicity towards cells and microorganism. All three compounds were screened for larvicidal activity against the African malaria vector Anopheles gambiae. RESULTS The larval mortality of ethylene glycol derivative (2) and 2α-azidocoronopilin (3) were approximately two-four-fold higher than that of parthenin (1) and neem oil with LC50 values of 37 and 66 mg L-1 , respectively. Parthenin (1) and the positive control, neem oil, had comparable median lethal concentration (LC50 ) values of 154 and 121 mg L-1 , respectively. In assays with binary combinations of the three compounds, larvicidal activity followed the order: parthenin (1) + 2α-azidocoronopilin (3) (LC50 = 14 mg L-1 ) > parthenin (1) + ethylene glycol derivative (2) (LC50 = 109 mg L-1 ), > blend of 2α-azidocoronopilin (3) and ethylene glycol derivative (2) (LC50 = 200 mg L-1 ). CONCLUSION Structural modification of parthenin (1) through addition of hydroxyl groups increases its larvicidal effects. These findings advance the use of structural modification approach in the development of lead chemical molecules for potential exploitation in larval source management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trizah K Milugo
- International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology (ICIPE), Nairobi, Kenya
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Kilimanjaro Christian Medical University College (KCMUCo), Moshi, Tanzania
| | - David P Tchouassi
- International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology (ICIPE), Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Reginald A Kavishe
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Kilimanjaro Christian Medical University College (KCMUCo), Moshi, Tanzania
| | - Rhoel R Dinglasan
- Emerging Pathogens Institute, Department of Infectious Diseases & Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Baldwyn Torto
- International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology (ICIPE), Nairobi, Kenya
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9
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Agha SB, Alvarez M, Becker M, Fèvre EM, Junglen S, Borgemeister C. Invasive Alien Plants in Africa and the Potential Emergence of Mosquito-Borne Arboviral Diseases-A Review and Research Outlook. Viruses 2020; 13:v13010032. [PMID: 33375455 PMCID: PMC7823977 DOI: 10.3390/v13010032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The emergence of arthropod-borne viruses (arboviruses) as linked to land-use changes, especially the growing agricultural intensification and expansion efforts in rural parts of Africa, is of growing health concern. This places an additional burden on health systems as drugs, vaccines, and effective vector-control measures against arboviruses and their vectors remain lacking. An integrated One Health approach holds potential in the control and prevention of arboviruses. Land-use changes favour invasion by invasive alien plants (IAPs) and investigating their impact on mosquito populations may offer a new dimension to our understanding of arbovirus emergence. Of prime importance to understand is how IAPs influence mosquito life-history traits and how this may affect transmission of arboviruses to mammalian hosts, questions that we are exploring in this review. Potential effects of IAPs may be significant, including supporting the proliferation of immature and adult stages of mosquito vectors, providing additional nutrition and suitable microhabitats, and a possible interaction between ingested secondary plant metabolites and arboviruses. We conclude that aspects of vector biology are differentially affected by individual IAPs and that while some plants may have the potential to indirectly increase the risk of transmission of certain arboviruses by their direct interaction with the vectors, the reverse holds for other IAPs. In addition, we highlight priority research areas to improve our understanding of the potential health impacts of IAPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheila B. Agha
- Centre for Development Research (ZEF), University of Bonn, Genscheralle 3, 53113 Bonn, Germany;
- International Livestock Research Institute, Old Naivasha Road, P.O. Box 30709, Nairobi 00100, Kenya;
- Correspondence: or
| | - Miguel Alvarez
- Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation (INRES), Department of Plant Nutrition, University of Bonn, Karlrobert-Kreiten-Strasse 13, 53115 Bonn, Germany; (M.A.); (M.B.)
| | - Mathias Becker
- Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation (INRES), Department of Plant Nutrition, University of Bonn, Karlrobert-Kreiten-Strasse 13, 53115 Bonn, Germany; (M.A.); (M.B.)
| | - Eric M. Fèvre
- International Livestock Research Institute, Old Naivasha Road, P.O. Box 30709, Nairobi 00100, Kenya;
- Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Leahurst Campus, Chester High Road, Neston CH64 7TE, UK
| | - Sandra Junglen
- Institute of Virology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Free University Berlin, Humboldt-University Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, 10117 Berlin, Germany;
| | - Christian Borgemeister
- Centre for Development Research (ZEF), University of Bonn, Genscheralle 3, 53113 Bonn, Germany;
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Moyo P, Mugumbate G, Eloff JN, Louw AI, Maharaj VJ, Birkholtz LM. Natural Products: A Potential Source of Malaria Transmission Blocking Drugs? Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2020; 13:E251. [PMID: 32957668 PMCID: PMC7558993 DOI: 10.3390/ph13090251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Revised: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The ability to block human-to-mosquito and mosquito-to-human transmission of Plasmodium parasites is fundamental to accomplish the ambitious goal of malaria elimination. The WHO currently recommends only primaquine as a transmission-blocking drug but its use is severely restricted by toxicity in some populations. New, safe and clinically effective transmission-blocking drugs therefore need to be discovered. While natural products have been extensively investigated for the development of chemotherapeutic antimalarial agents, their potential use as transmission-blocking drugs is comparatively poorly explored. Here, we provide a comprehensive summary of the activities of natural products (and their derivatives) of plant and microbial origins against sexual stages of Plasmodium parasites and the Anopheles mosquito vector. We identify the prevailing challenges and opportunities and suggest how these can be mitigated and/or exploited in an endeavor to expedite transmission-blocking drug discovery efforts from natural products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phanankosi Moyo
- Malaria Parasite Molecular Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, Institute for Sustainable Malaria Control, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, University of Pretoria, Private Bag x20, Hatfield, 0028 Pretoria, South Africa;
| | - Grace Mugumbate
- Department of Chemistry, School of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, Chinhoyi University of Technology, Private Bag, 7724 Chinhoyi, Zimbabwe;
| | - Jacobus N. Eloff
- Phytomedicine Programme, Department of Paraclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Private Bag x04, Onderstepoort 0110 Pretoria, South Africa;
| | - Abraham I. Louw
- Malaria Parasite Molecular Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, Institute for Sustainable Malaria Control, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, University of Pretoria, Private Bag x20, Hatfield, 0028 Pretoria, South Africa;
| | - Vinesh J. Maharaj
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, University of Pretoria, Private Bag x20, Hatfield, 0028 Pretoria, South Africa;
| | - Lyn-Marié Birkholtz
- Malaria Parasite Molecular Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, Institute for Sustainable Malaria Control, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, University of Pretoria, Private Bag x20, Hatfield, 0028 Pretoria, South Africa;
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11
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Tajuddeen N, Van Heerden FR. Antiplasmodial natural products: an update. Malar J 2019; 18:404. [PMID: 31805944 PMCID: PMC6896759 DOI: 10.1186/s12936-019-3026-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2019] [Accepted: 11/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Malaria remains a significant public health challenge in regions of the world where it is endemic. An unprecedented decline in malaria incidences was recorded during the last decade due to the availability of effective control interventions, such as the deployment of artemisinin-based combination therapy and insecticide-treated nets. However, according to the World Health Organization, malaria is staging a comeback, in part due to the development of drug resistance. Therefore, there is an urgent need to discover new anti-malarial drugs. This article reviews the literature on natural products with antiplasmodial activity that was reported between 2010 and 2017. Methods Relevant literature was sourced by searching the major scientific databases, including Web of Science, ScienceDirect, Scopus, SciFinder, Pubmed, and Google Scholar, using appropriate keyword combinations. Results and Discussion A total of 1524 compounds from 397 relevant references, assayed against at least one strain of Plasmodium, were reported in the period under review. Out of these, 39% were described as new natural products, and 29% of the compounds had IC50 ≤ 3.0 µM against at least one strain of Plasmodium. Several of these compounds have the potential to be developed into viable anti-malarial drugs. Also, some of these compounds could play a role in malaria eradication by targeting gametocytes. However, the research into natural products with potential for blocking the transmission of malaria is still in its infancy stage and needs to be vigorously pursued.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasir Tajuddeen
- School of Chemistry and Physics, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X01, Scottsville, Pietermaritzburg, 3209, South Africa
| | - Fanie R Van Heerden
- School of Chemistry and Physics, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X01, Scottsville, Pietermaritzburg, 3209, South Africa.
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12
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Torto B. Innovative approaches to exploit host plant metabolites in malaria control. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2019; 75:2341-2345. [PMID: 31050133 DOI: 10.1002/ps.5460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2018] [Revised: 04/14/2019] [Accepted: 05/03/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Malaria is the most important vector-borne disease in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). Recent reports indicate that the levels of malaria-associated mortality and morbidity in SSA have remained the same. Malaria vectors have modified their feeding behavior in response to the selective pressure from indoor-based interventions, and there is emerging malaria parasite resistance to artemisinin-based combination therapies. These challenges have created an altered malaria landscape, especially within local scales in some malaria-endemic countries in SSA. To address these challenges, complementary new strategies are urgently required for malaria control. This paper argues that to develop the next generation of vector and chemotherapeutic tools for malaria control, especially based on natural products with novel modes of action, a better understanding of mosquito bioecology and, more importantly, plant sugar feeding is needed. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baldwyn Torto
- International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology (icipe), Nairobi, Kenya
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13
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Moyo P, Kunyane P, Selepe MA, Eloff JN, Niemand J, Louw AI, Maharaj VJ, Birkholtz LM. Bioassay-guided isolation and identification of gametocytocidal compounds from Artemisia afra (Asteraceae). Malar J 2019; 18:65. [PMID: 30849984 PMCID: PMC6408838 DOI: 10.1186/s12936-019-2694-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2018] [Accepted: 03/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Optimal adoption of the malaria transmission-blocking strategy is currently limited by lack of safe and efficacious drugs. This has sparked the exploration of different sources of drugs in search of transmission-blocking agents. While plant species have been extensively investigated in search of malaria chemotherapeutic agents, comparatively less effort has been channelled towards exploring them in search of transmission-blocking drugs. Artemisia afra (Asteraceae), a prominent feature of South African folk medicine, is used for the treatment of a number of diseases, including malaria. In search of transmission-blocking compounds aimed against Plasmodium parasites, the current study endeavoured to isolate and identify gametocytocidal compounds from A. afra. METHODS A bioassay-guided isolation approach was adopted wherein a combination of solvent-solvent partitioning and gravity column chromatography was used. Collected fractions were continuously screened in vitro for their ability to inhibit the viability of primarily late-stage gametocytes of Plasmodium falciparum (NF54 strain), using a parasite lactate dehydrogenase assay. Chemical structures of isolated compounds were elucidated using UPLC-MS/MS and NMR data analysis. RESULTS Two guaianolide sesquiterpene lactones, 1α,4α-dihydroxybishopsolicepolide and yomogiartemin, were isolated and shown to be active (IC50 < 10 μg/ml; ~ 10 μM) against both gametocytes and intra-erythrocytic asexual P. falciparum parasites. Interestingly, 1α,4α-dihydroxybishopsolicepolide was significantly more potent against late-stage gametocytes than to early-stage gametocytes and intra-erythrocytic asexual P. falciparum parasites. Additionally, both isolated compounds were not overly cytotoxic against HepG2 cells in vitro. CONCLUSION This study provides the first instance of isolated compounds from A. afra against P. falciparum gametocytes as a starting point for further investigations on more plant species in search of transmission-blocking compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phanankosi Moyo
- Malaria Parasite Molecular Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, Institute for Sustainable Malaria Control, University of Pretoria, Private Bag x20, Hatfield, 0028, South Africa
| | - Phaladi Kunyane
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, Institute for Sustainable Malaria Control, University of Pretoria, Private Bag x20, Hatfield, 0028, South Africa
| | - Mamoalosi A Selepe
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, Institute for Sustainable Malaria Control, University of Pretoria, Private Bag x20, Hatfield, 0028, South Africa
| | - Jacobus N Eloff
- Phytomedicine Programme, Department of Paraclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Private Bag x04, Onderstepoort, Pretoria, 0110, South Africa
| | - Jandeli Niemand
- Malaria Parasite Molecular Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, Institute for Sustainable Malaria Control, University of Pretoria, Private Bag x20, Hatfield, 0028, South Africa
| | - Abraham I Louw
- Malaria Parasite Molecular Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, Institute for Sustainable Malaria Control, University of Pretoria, Private Bag x20, Hatfield, 0028, South Africa
| | - Vinesh J Maharaj
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, Institute for Sustainable Malaria Control, University of Pretoria, Private Bag x20, Hatfield, 0028, South Africa
| | - Lyn-Marie Birkholtz
- Malaria Parasite Molecular Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, Institute for Sustainable Malaria Control, University of Pretoria, Private Bag x20, Hatfield, 0028, South Africa.
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Liu Y, Jing SX, Luo SH, Li SH. Non-volatile natural products in plant glandular trichomes: chemistry, biological activities and biosynthesis. Nat Prod Rep 2019; 36:626-665. [PMID: 30468448 DOI: 10.1039/c8np00077h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The investigation methods, chemistry, bioactivities, and biosynthesis of non-volatile natural products involving 489 compounds in plant glandular trichomes are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China
- Kunming Institute of Botany
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Kunming 650201
- P. R. China
| | - Shu-Xi Jing
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China
- Kunming Institute of Botany
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Kunming 650201
- P. R. China
| | - Shi-Hong Luo
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology
- Shenyang Agricultural University
- Shenyang
- P. R. China
| | - Sheng-Hong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China
- Kunming Institute of Botany
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Kunming 650201
- P. R. China
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15
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Nyasembe VO, Tchouassi DP, Pirk CWW, Sole CL, Torto B. Host plant forensics and olfactory-based detection in Afro-tropical mosquito disease vectors. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2018; 12:e0006185. [PMID: 29462150 PMCID: PMC5834208 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0006185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2017] [Revised: 03/02/2018] [Accepted: 12/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The global spread of vector-borne diseases remains a worrying public health threat, raising the need for development of new combat strategies for vector control. Knowledge of vector ecology can be exploited in this regard, including plant feeding; a critical resource that mosquitoes of both sexes rely on for survival and other metabolic processes. However, the identity of plant species mosquitoes feed on in nature remains largely unknown. By testing the hypothesis about selectivity in plant feeding, we employed a DNA-based approach targeting trnH-psbA and matK genes and identified host plants of field-collected Afro-tropical mosquito vectors of dengue, Rift Valley fever and malaria being among the most important mosquito-borne diseases in East Africa. These included three plant species for Aedes aegypti (dengue), two for both Aedes mcintoshi and Aedes ochraceus (Rift Valley fever) and five for Anopheles gambiae (malaria). Since plant feeding is mediated by olfactory cues, we further sought to identify specific odor signatures that may modulate host plant location. Using coupled gas chromatography (GC)-electroantennographic detection, GC/mass spectrometry and electroantennogram analyses, we identified a total of 21 antennally-active components variably detected by Ae. aegypti, Ae. mcintoshi and An. gambiae from their respective host plants. Whereas Ae. aegypti predominantly detected benzenoids, Ae. mcintoshi detected mainly aldehydes while An. gambiae detected sesquiterpenes and alkenes. Interestingly, the monoterpenes β-myrcene and (E)-β-ocimene were consistently detected by all the mosquito species and present in all the identified host plants, suggesting that they may serve as signature cues in plant location. This study highlights the utility of molecular approaches in identifying specific vector-plant associations, which can be exploited in maximizing control strategies such as such as attractive toxic sugar bait and odor-bait technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent O. Nyasembe
- International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology, Nairobi, Kenya
- Department of Zoology and Entomology, University of Pretoria, Hatfield, South Africa
| | | | - Christian W. W. Pirk
- Department of Zoology and Entomology, University of Pretoria, Hatfield, South Africa
| | - Catherine L. Sole
- Department of Zoology and Entomology, University of Pretoria, Hatfield, South Africa
| | - Baldwyn Torto
- International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology, Nairobi, Kenya
- Department of Zoology and Entomology, University of Pretoria, Hatfield, South Africa
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Sirignano C, Snene A, Rigano D, Tapanelli S, Formisano C, Luciano P, El Mokni R, Hammami S, Tenoh AR, Habluetzel A, Taglialatela-Scafati O. Angeloylated Germacranolides from Daucus virgatus and Their Plasmodium Transmission Blocking Activity. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2017; 80:2787-2794. [PMID: 28976194 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.7b00603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Phytochemical investigation of the aerial parts of the Tunisian plant Daucus virgatus led to the isolation of eight new germacranolides named daucovirgolides A-H (1-8). The stereostructures of these sesquiterpene lactones, decorated by either one or two angeloyl groups, have been determined by a combination of MS, NMR spectroscopy, chemical derivatization, and comparison of experimental electronic circular dichroism curves with TDDFT-predicted data. Daucovirgolide G (7) proved to be the single member of this family to possess a marked inhibitory activity (92% at 50 μg/mL) on the development of Plasmodium early sporogonic stages, the nonpathogenic transmissible stages of malaria parasites, devoid of general cytotoxicity. The selective activity of daucovirgolide G points to the existence of strict structural requirements for this transmission-blocking activity and therefore of a well-defined, although yet unidentified, biological target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmina Sirignano
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II , Via Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Alì Snene
- Research Unit Applied Chemistry and Environment 13ES63, Faculty of Sciences, University of Monastir , 5000, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Daniela Rigano
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II , Via Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Sofia Tapanelli
- Scuola di Scienza del Farmaco e dei Prodotti della Salute, Università di Camerino , Via d'Accorso 16, 63032 Camerino (MC), Italy
| | - Carmen Formisano
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II , Via Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Paolo Luciano
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II , Via Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Ridha El Mokni
- Laboratory of Transmissible Diseases LR99ES27, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Monastir , Avicenne Street, 5000, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Saoussen Hammami
- Research Unit Applied Chemistry and Environment 13ES63, Faculty of Sciences, University of Monastir , 5000, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Alain Rodrigue Tenoh
- Scuola di Scienza del Farmaco e dei Prodotti della Salute, Università di Camerino , Via d'Accorso 16, 63032 Camerino (MC), Italy
| | - Annette Habluetzel
- Scuola di Scienza del Farmaco e dei Prodotti della Salute, Università di Camerino , Via d'Accorso 16, 63032 Camerino (MC), Italy
| | - Orazio Taglialatela-Scafati
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II , Via Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy
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