1
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Chaves I, Morais FMP, Vieira C, Bartolomeu M, Faustino MAF, Neves MGMS, Almeida A, Moura NMM. Can Porphyrin-Triphenylphosphonium Conjugates Enhance the Photosensitizer Performance Toward Bacterial Strains? ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2024; 7:5541-5552. [PMID: 39008849 PMCID: PMC11337165 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.4c00659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2024] [Revised: 06/26/2024] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/17/2024]
Abstract
Antimicrobial photodynamic treatment (aPDT) offers an alternative option for combating microbial pathogens, and in this way, addressing the challenges of growing antimicrobial resistance. In this promising and effective approach, cationic porphyrins and related macrocycles have emerged as leading photosensitizers (PS) for aPDT. In general, their preparation occurs via N-alkylation of nitrogen-based moieties with alkyl halides, which limits the ability to fine-tune the features of porphyrin-based PS. Herein, is reported that the conjugation of porphyrin macrocycles with triphenylphosphonium units created a series of effective cationic porphyrin-based PS for aPDT. The presence of positive charges at both the porphyrin macrocycle and triphenylphosphonium moieties significantly enhances the photodynamic activity of porphyrin-based PS against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial strains. Moreover, bacterial photoinactivation is achieved with a notable reduction in irradiation time, exceeding 50%, compared to 5,10,15,20-tetrakis(1-methylpyridinium-4-yl)porphyrin (TMPyP), used as the reference and known as good PS. The improved capability of the porphyrin macrocycle to generate singlet oxygen combined with the enhanced membrane interaction promoted by the presence of triphenylphosphonium moieties represents a promising approach to developing porphyrin-based PS with enhanced photosensitizing activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inês Chaves
- CESAM,
Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, Aveiro 3810-193, Portugal
| | - Filipe M. P. Morais
- LAQV-REQUIMTE,
Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Aveiro 3810-193, Portugal
| | - Cátia Vieira
- CESAM,
Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, Aveiro 3810-193, Portugal
| | - Maria Bartolomeu
- CESAM,
Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, Aveiro 3810-193, Portugal
| | - M. Amparo F. Faustino
- LAQV-REQUIMTE,
Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Aveiro 3810-193, Portugal
| | | | - Adelaide Almeida
- CESAM,
Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, Aveiro 3810-193, Portugal
| | - Nuno M. M. Moura
- LAQV-REQUIMTE,
Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Aveiro 3810-193, Portugal
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2
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da Cruz Rodrigues A, Bilha JK, Pereira PRM, de Souza CWO, Passarini MRZ, Uliana MP. Photoinactivation of microorganisms using bacteriochlorins as photosensitizers. Braz J Microbiol 2024; 55:1139-1150. [PMID: 38378880 PMCID: PMC11153405 DOI: 10.1007/s42770-024-01278-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024] Open
Abstract
In recent years, some microorganisms have shown resistance to conventional treatments. Considering this increase in resistant pathogens, treatment alternatives are needed to promote greater treatment efficiency. In this sense, antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) has been an alternative treatment. This technique uses a photosensitizer that is activated by light with a specific wavelength producing reactive species, leading to the death of pathogenic microorganisms. In this study, bacteriochlorophyll derivatives such as bacteriochlorin metoxi (Bchl-M) and bacteriochlorin trizma (Bchl-T) obtained from purple bacterium (Rhodopseudomonas faecalis), were evaluated as photosensitizers in the aPDT. Photodynamic inactivation (PDI) of the microorganisms Staphylococcus aureus, Micrococcus luteus, Candida albicans and Pseudomonas aeruginosa was investigated with both bacteriochlorins (Bchl-M and Bchl-T) at different concentrations (1, 15 and 30 µM for S. aureus; 1, 15, 30, 45, 60 and 75 µM for M. luteus; 30, 60, 90, 105, 120 and 150 µM for C. albicans; and 200 µM for P. aeruginosa) and different doses of light (20 and 30 J/cm2 for S. aureus and M. luteus; 30 and 45 J/cm2 for C. albicans; and 45 J/cm2 for P. aeruginosa) to inactivate them. Both photosensitizers showed good activation against S. aureus and for M. luteus, we observed the inactivation of these microorganisms at approximately 3 log, showing to be a good photosensitizers for these microorganisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andréia da Cruz Rodrigues
- Universidade Federal da Integração Latino-Americana, Caixa Postal 2044, Foz Do Iguaçu, PR, CEP 85866-000, Brazil
| | - Juliana Kafka Bilha
- Universidade Federal da Integração Latino-Americana, Caixa Postal 2044, Foz Do Iguaçu, PR, CEP 85866-000, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Marciana Pierina Uliana
- Universidade Federal da Integração Latino-Americana, Caixa Postal 2044, Foz Do Iguaçu, PR, CEP 85866-000, Brazil.
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3
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Bernicker MR, Birrer CA, Seeger MG, Iglesias BA, Vogel FSF, Cargnelutti JF. Antimicrobial activity of cationic water-soluble porphyrin against multidrug-resistant bacteria in biofilms and canine skin samples. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2024; 40:124. [PMID: 38441804 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-024-03939-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
Multidrug-resistant (MDR) microorganisms pose a threat to animal health, particularly in integumentary diseases, which can be caused by multiple organisms and often manifest as biofilms, hindering treatment effectiveness. We evaluated the antimicrobial activity of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) using a water-soluble tetra-cationic porphyrin (4-H2TMeP) against MDR bacteria cultured in biofilm and in mono and polyculture grown on canine skin samples. We utilized 4-H2TMeP porphyrin against MDR Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Staphylococcus pseudintermedius. A non-cytotoxic concentration of 4-H2TMeP (40 µM), previously shown to be effective in vitro against these bacteria cultured in solution, was employed. Biofilms were treated with 4-H2TMeP and subjected to light irradiation for 30, 60, and 90 min. Monocultures on canine skin samples were treated with 4-H2TMeP and irradiated for 30 (S. pseudintermedius), 60 (E. coli), or 60 and 90 min (P. aeruginosa). Polycultures of S. pseudintermedius and E. coli were treated with light for 60 and 90 min. The efficacy of aPDT was evaluated by plating light-exposed biofilms, mono and polycultures of bacteria obtained from skin samples exposed to light and kept in the dark. Colony-forming units were counted after 24 h of incubation at 37 °C. aPDT using 4-H2TMeP reduced bacterial concentrations of S. pseudintermedius and E. coli biofilms. Additionally, it significantly reduced bacterial concentrations cultivated on skin samples, with a particular emphasis on S. pseudintermedius. These findings indicate that aPDT with 4-H2TMeP is a promising alternative treatment against MDR bacteria in animal skin infections and should be further explored through in vivo research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayara Rosa Bernicker
- Veterinary Medicine Graduate Programe, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Caroline Arend Birrer
- Biomedicine Undergraduate Program, Universidade Franciscana, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Marlane Geribone Seeger
- Veterinary Medicine Graduate Programe, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Bernardo Almeida Iglesias
- Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Porphyrinic Materials, Department of Chemistry, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Silveira Flôres Vogel
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Juliana Felipetto Cargnelutti
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
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4
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Savelyeva IO, Zhdanova KA, Gradova MA, Gradov OV, Bragina NA. Cationic Porphyrins as Antimicrobial and Antiviral Agents in Photodynamic Therapy. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2023; 45:9793-9822. [PMID: 38132458 PMCID: PMC10741785 DOI: 10.3390/cimb45120612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (APDT) has received a great deal of attention due to its unique ability to kill all currently known classes of microorganisms. To date, infectious diseases caused by bacteria and viruses are one of the main sources of high mortality, mass epidemics and global pandemics among humans. Every year, the emergence of three to four previously unknown species of viruses dangerous to humans is recorded, totaling more than 2/3 of all newly discovered human pathogens. The emergence of bacteria with multidrug resistance leads to the rapid obsolescence of antibiotics and the need to create new types of antibiotics. From this point of view, photodynamic inactivation of viruses and bacteria is of particular interest. This review summarizes the most relevant mechanisms of antiviral and antibacterial action of APDT, molecular targets and correlation between the structure of cationic porphyrins and their photodynamic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inga O. Savelyeva
- Institute of Fine Chemical Technology, MIREA—Russian Technological University, Vernadsky Prospect 86, Moscow 119571, Russia; (I.O.S.); (K.A.Z.); (N.A.B.)
| | - Kseniya A. Zhdanova
- Institute of Fine Chemical Technology, MIREA—Russian Technological University, Vernadsky Prospect 86, Moscow 119571, Russia; (I.O.S.); (K.A.Z.); (N.A.B.)
| | - Margarita A. Gradova
- N.N. Semenov Federal Research Center for Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Kosygin Street 4, Moscow 119991, Russia;
| | - Oleg V. Gradov
- N.N. Semenov Federal Research Center for Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Kosygin Street 4, Moscow 119991, Russia;
| | - Natal’ya A. Bragina
- Institute of Fine Chemical Technology, MIREA—Russian Technological University, Vernadsky Prospect 86, Moscow 119571, Russia; (I.O.S.); (K.A.Z.); (N.A.B.)
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5
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Spesia MB, Durantini EN. Photosensitizers combination approach to enhance photodynamic inactivation of planktonic and biofilm bacteria. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2023; 22:2433-2444. [PMID: 37490212 DOI: 10.1007/s43630-023-00461-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023]
Abstract
To improve bacterial photodynamic inactivation (PDI), this work analyzes the photodynamic effect caused by the combination of photosensitizers (PSs) on two bacterial models and different growth mode. Simultaneous administration of PSs from different families, zinc(II) 2,9,16,23-tetrakis[4-(N-methylpyridyloxy)]phthalocyanine (ZnPPc4+), 5,10,15,20-tetra(4-N,N,N-trimethylammonium phenyl)porphyrin (TMAP4+), meso-tetrakis(9-ethyl-9-methyl-3-carbazoyl)chlorin (TEMCC4+) and 5,10,15,20-tetrakis[4-(3-N,N-dimethylaminopropoxy)phenyl] chlorin (TAPC) was investigated against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli, in planktonic form, biofilm and growth curve. Various PSs combinations showed greater inactivation compared to when used separately under the same conditions but at twice the concentration. However, differences were found in the effectiveness of the PSs combinations on Gram positive and negative bacteria, as well as in planktonic or biofilm form. Likewise, the combination of three PSs completely stopped E. coli growth under optimal nutritional conditions. PSs combination allows extending the range of light absorption by agents that absorb in different areas of the visible spectrum. Therefore, PDI with combined PSs increases its antimicrobial capacity using agents' concentrations and light fluences lower than those necessary to cause the same effect as single PS. These advances represent a starting point for future research on the potentiation of PDI promoted by the combined use of PSs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana B Spesia
- IDAS-CONICET, Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físico-Químicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Ruta Nacional 36 Km 601, X5804BYA, Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina.
| | - Edgardo N Durantini
- IDAS-CONICET, Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físico-Químicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Ruta Nacional 36 Km 601, X5804BYA, Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina
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6
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Xu X, Yang M, Jiang Y, Tao N, Fu Y, Fan J, Xu X, Shi H, Lu Z, Shen C. A new acridine-based photosensitizer with ultra-low light requirement efficiently inactivates carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and degrades their antibiotic resistance genes. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2023; 173:107839. [PMID: 36822004 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2023.107839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The spread of antibiotic resistant pathogens and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in the environment poses a serious threat to public health. However, existing methods are difficult to effectively remove antibiotic resistant pathogens and ARGs from the environment. In this study, we synthesized a new acridine-based photosensitizer, 2,7-dibromo-9-mesityl-10-methylacridinium perchlorate (YM-3), by the heavy atom effect, which could photodynamically inactivate antibiotic resistant pathogens and reduce ARGs by generating singlet oxygen (1O2) in an aqueous environment. The 1O2 yield of YM-3 was 4.9 times that of its modified precursor. YM-3 could reduce the culturable number and even the viable counts of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii to 0 (inactivation rate > 99.99999%) after 2 and 8 h of low-intensity blue light (15 W/m2) irradiation, respectively. After 20 h of light exposure, the copy numbers of ARGs in both bacteria were reduced by 5.80 and 4.48 log, respectively, which might indicate that ARGs had been degraded. In addition, YM-3 still had an efficient bactericidal effect after five inactivation cycle. These characteristics of ultra-low light intensity requirement and efficient bactericidal ability make YM-3 have good application prospects for disinfection in indoor and sunlight environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojie Xu
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China
| | - Min Yang
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China
| | - Yunhan Jiang
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China
| | - Ningyao Tao
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Safety and Distribution Technology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China
| | - Yulong Fu
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China
| | - Jiahui Fan
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China
| | - Xin Xu
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China
| | - Huixiang Shi
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China
| | - Zhan Lu
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China.
| | - Chaofeng Shen
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China.
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7
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Manoil D, Parga A, Hellesen C, Khawaji A, Brundin M, Durual S, Özenci V, Fang H, Belibasakis GN. Photo-oxidative stress response and virulence traits are co-regulated in E. faecalis after antimicrobial photodynamic therapy. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY. B, BIOLOGY 2022; 234:112547. [PMID: 36030693 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2022.112547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Revised: 07/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Knowledge of photo-oxidative stress responses in bacteria that survive antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) is scarce. Whereas aPDT is attracting growing clinical interest, subsequent stress responses are crucial to evaluate as they may lead to the up-regulation of pathogenic traits. Here, we aimed to assess transcriptional responses to sublethal aPDT-stress and identify potential connections with virulence-related genes. Six Enterococcus faecalis strains were investigated; ATCC 29212, three dental root-canal isolates labelled UmID1, UmID2 and UmID3 and two vancomycin-resistant isolates labelled A1 and A2. TMPyP was employed as a photosensitiser. A viability dose-response curve to increasing concentrations of TMPyP was determined by culture plating. Differential expression of genes involved in oxidative stress responses (dps and hypR), general stress responses (dnaK, sigma-factorV and relA), virulence-related genes (ace, fsrC and gelE) and vancomycin-resistance (vanA) was assessed by reverse-transcription qPCR. TMPyP-mediated aPDT inactivated all strains with comparable efficiencies. TMPyP at 0.015 μM was selected to induce sublethal photo-oxidative stress. Despite heterogeneities in gene expression between strains, transcriptional profiles revealed up-regulations of transcripts dps, hypR as well as dnaK and sigma factorV after exposure to TMPyP alone and to light-irradiated TMPyP. Specifically, the alternative sigma factorV reached up to 39 ± 113-fold (median ± IQR) (p = 0.0369) in strain A2. Up-regulation of the quorum sensing operon, fsr, and its downstream virulence-related gelatinase gelE were also observed in strains ATCC-29212, A1, A2 and UmID3. Finally, photo-oxidative stress induced vanA-type vancomycin-resistance gene in both carrier isolates, reaching up to 3.3 ± 17-fold in strain A2 (p = 0.015). These findings indicate that, while aPDT successfully inactivates vancomycin-resistant and naïve strains of E. faecalis, subpopulations of surviving cells respond by co-ordinately up-regulating a network of genes involved in stress survival and virulence. This includes the induction of vancomycin-resistance genes in carrier isolates. These data may provide the mechanistic basis to circumvent bacterial responses and improve future clinical protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Manoil
- Division of Oral Diseases, Department of Dental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden; Division of Cariology and Endodontics, University Clinics of Dental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.
| | - Ana Parga
- Division of Oral Diseases, Department of Dental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, CIBUS-Faculty of Biology, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Cecilia Hellesen
- Division of Oral Diseases, Department of Dental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Arwa Khawaji
- Division of Oral Diseases, Department of Dental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Malin Brundin
- Division of Endodontics, Department of Odontology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Stéphane Durual
- Biomaterials Laboratory, Division of Fixed Prosthodontics and Biomaterials, University Clinics of Dental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Volkan Özenci
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Karolinska Institute, Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Hong Fang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Karolinska Institute, Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Georgios N Belibasakis
- Division of Oral Diseases, Department of Dental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
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8
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Islam MT, Ng K, Fefer M, Liu J, Uddin W, Ckurshumova W, Rosa C. Photosensitizer to the rescue: in planta and field application of photodynamic inactivation against plant pathogenic bacteria. PLANT DISEASE 2022; 107:870-878. [PMID: 36040229 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-05-22-1152-re] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Control of plant pathogens using chemical and synthetic pesticides raises a major safety concern for humans and the environment. Despite the ongoing exploration of sustainable alternative methods, management practices for pathogens, especially bacteria, have remained almost unchanged over decades, whereby long-term uses of copper and antibiotics has led to widespread bacterial resistance in the field. Antimicrobial photodynamic inactivation (aPDI) of bacteria is emerging as an alternative strategy to combat resistant plant pathogens. aPDI utilizes light-sensitive molecules (photosensitizers) that upon illumination produce reactive oxygen species able to kill pathogens. Here we explore the potential of an anionic semisynthetic water-soluble derivative of chlorophyl (Sodium Magnesium Chlorophyllin: Mg-chl), as an antibacterial agent in planta, by simulating processes naturally occurring in the field. Mg-chl in combination with Na2EDTA (cell wall permeabilizing agent) was able to effectively inhibit Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000 in vitro and in planta in both tomato and N. benthamiana. Notably, Mg-chl in combination with Na2EDTA and the common surfactant Morwet D-400 significantly reduced Xanthomonas hortorum pv. gardneri and Xanthomonas fragarie, respectively, in a commercial greenhouse trial against bacterial spot disease in tomato and in field experiments against angular leaf spot disease in strawberries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Tariqul Islam
- The Pennsylvania State University, Plant Pathology and Environmental Microbiology, University Park, Pennsylvania, United States;
| | - Kenneth Ng
- Suncor AgroScience, Mississauga, Ontario, Canada;
| | | | - Jun Liu
- Suncor AgroScience, Mississauga, Ontario, Canada;
| | - Wakar Uddin
- The Pennsylvania State University, Plant Pathology and Environmental Microbiology, University Park, Pennsylvania, United States;
| | | | - Cristina Rosa
- The Pennsylvania State University, Plant Pathology and Environmental Microbiology, University Park, Pennsylvania, United States;
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9
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Gamelas SRD, Vieira C, Bartolomeu M, Faustino MAF, Tomé JPC, Tomé AC, Almeida A, Lourenço LMO. Photodynamic inactivation of pathogenic Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria mediated by Si(IV) phthalocyanines bearing axial ammonium units. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY. B, BIOLOGY 2022; 233:112502. [PMID: 35759946 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2022.112502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Revised: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The photodynamic inactivation (PDI) of microorganisms has gained interest as an efficient option for conventional antibiotic treatments. Recently, Si(IV) phthalocyanines (SiPcs) have been highlighted as promising photosensitizers (PSs) to the PDI of microorganisms due to their remarkable absorption and emission features. To increase the potential of cationic SiPcs as PS drugs, one novel (1a) and two previously described (2a and 3a) axially substituted PSs with di-, tetra-, and hexa-ammonium units, respectively, were synthesized and characterized. Their PDI effect was evaluated for the first time against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus, a Gram-negative and a Gram-positive bacterium, respectively. The photodynamic treatments were conducted with PS concentrations of 3.0 and 6.0 μM under 60 min of white light irradiation (150 mW.cm-2). The biological results show high photodynamic efficiency for di- and tetra-cationic PSs 1a and 2a (6.0 μM), reducing the E. coli viability in 5.2 and 3.9 log, respectively (after 15 min of dark incubation before irradiation). For PS 3a, a similar bacterial reduction (3.6 log) was achieved but only with an extended dark incubation period (30 min). Under the same experimental conditions, the photodynamic effect of cationic PSs 1a-3a on S. aureus was even more promising, with abundance reductions of ca. 8.0 log after 45-60 min of PDI treatment. These results reveal the high PDI efficiency of PSs bearing ammonium groups and suggest their promising application as a broad-spectrum antimicrobial to control infections caused by Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara R D Gamelas
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Cátia Vieira
- CESAM, Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Maria Bartolomeu
- CESAM, Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Maria A F Faustino
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - João P C Tomé
- CQE, Institute of Molecular Sciences, Departamento de Engenharia Química, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, 1049-001, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Augusto C Tomé
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Adelaide Almeida
- CESAM, Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - Leandro M O Lourenço
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
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10
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Ribeiro M, Gomes IB, Saavedra MJ, Simões M. Photodynamic therapy and combinatory treatments for the control of biofilm-associated infections. Lett Appl Microbiol 2022; 75:548-564. [PMID: 35689422 DOI: 10.1111/lam.13762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Revised: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The advent of antimicrobial resistance has added considerable impact to infectious diseases both in the number of infections and healthcare costs. Furthermore, the relentless emergence of multidrug-resistant bacteria, particularly in the biofilm state, has made mandatory the discovery of new alternative antimicrobial therapies that are capable to eradicate resistant bacteria and impair the development of new forms of resistance. Amongst the therapeutic strategies for treating biofilms, antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) has shown great potential in inactivating several clinically relevant micro-organisms, including antibiotic-resistant 'priority bacteria' declared by the WHO as critical pathogens. Its antimicrobial effect is centred on the basis that harmless low-intensity light stimulates a non-toxic dye named photosensitizer, triggering the production of reactive oxygen species upon photostimulation. In addition, combination therapies of aPDT with other antimicrobial agents (e.g. antibiotics) have also drawn considerable attention, as it is a multi-target strategy. Therefore, the present review highlights the recent advances of aPDT against biofilms, also covering progress on combination therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Ribeiro
- LEPABE - Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,ALiCE - Associate Laboratory in Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,CIQUP/Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - I B Gomes
- LEPABE - Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,ALiCE - Associate Laboratory in Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - M J Saavedra
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, School of Agriculture and Veterinary Science, UTAD, Vila Real, Portugal.,Centre for the Research and Technology for Agro-Environment and Biological Sciences (CITAB), UTAD, Vila Real, Portugal
| | - M Simões
- LEPABE - Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,ALiCE - Associate Laboratory in Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
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11
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Elkihel A, Vernisse C, Ouk T, Lucas R, Chaleix V, Sol V. Cationic
porphyrin–xylan conjugate hydrogels for photodynamic antimicrobial chemotherapy. J Appl Polym Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/app.52744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Tan‐Sothéa Ouk
- University of Limoges, Laboratoire PEIRENE, UR 22722 Limoges France
| | - Romain Lucas
- University of Limoges, IRCER, UMR 7315 Limoges France
| | - Vincent Chaleix
- University of Limoges, Laboratoire PEIRENE, UR 22722 Limoges France
| | - Vincent Sol
- University of Limoges, Laboratoire PEIRENE, UR 22722 Limoges France
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12
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Michalska K, Rychłowski M, Krupińska M, Szewczyk G, Sarna T, Nakonieczna J. Gallium Mesoporphyrin IX-Mediated Photodestruction: A Pharmacological Trojan Horse Strategy To Eliminate Multidrug-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Mol Pharm 2022; 19:1434-1448. [PMID: 35416046 PMCID: PMC9066410 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.1c00993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
![]()
One of the factors
determining efficient antimicrobial photodynamic
inactivation (aPDI) is the accumulation of a light-activated compound,
namely, a photosensitizer (PS). Targeted PS recognition is the approach
based on the interaction between the membrane receptor on the bacterial
surface and the PS, whereas the compound is efficiently accumulated
by the same mechanism as the natural ligand. In this study, we showed
that gallium mesoporphyrin IX (Ga3+MPIX) provided dual
functionality—iron metabolism disruption and PS properties
in aPDI. Ga3+MPIX induced efficient (>5log10 reduction in CFU/mL) bacterial photodestruction with excitation
in the area of Q band absorption with relatively low eukaryotic cytotoxicity
and phototoxicity. The Ga3+MPIX is recognized by the same
systems as haem by the iron-regulated surface determinant (Isd). However,
the impairment in the ATPase of the haem detoxification efflux pump
was the most sensitive to the Ga3+MPIX-mediated aPDI phenotype.
This indicates that changes within the metalloporphyrin structure
(vinyl vs ethyl groups) did not significantly alter the properties
of recognition of the compound but influenced its biophysical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klaudia Michalska
- Laboratory of Photobiology and Molecular Diagnostics, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Gdansk and Medical University of Gdansk, Abrahama 58, Gdansk 80-307, Poland
| | - Michał Rychłowski
- Laboratory of Virus Molecular Biology, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Gdansk and Medical University of Gdansk, Abrahama 58, Gdansk 80-307, Poland
| | - Martyna Krupińska
- Laboratory of Photobiology and Molecular Diagnostics, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Gdansk and Medical University of Gdansk, Abrahama 58, Gdansk 80-307, Poland
| | - Grzegorz Szewczyk
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, Krakow 30-387, Poland
| | - Tadeusz Sarna
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, Krakow 30-387, Poland
| | - Joanna Nakonieczna
- Laboratory of Photobiology and Molecular Diagnostics, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Gdansk and Medical University of Gdansk, Abrahama 58, Gdansk 80-307, Poland
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13
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Novel cationic-chalcone phthalocyanines for photodynamic therapy eradication of S. aureus and E. coli bacterial biofilms and MCF-7 breast cancer. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2022; 38:102863. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2022.102863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Revised: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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14
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Spesia MB, Durantini EN. Evolution of Phthalocyanine Structures as Photodynamic Agents for Bacteria Inactivation. CHEM REC 2022; 22:e202100292. [PMID: 35018719 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.202100292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Revised: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Phthalocyanine derivatives have been proposed as photosensitizers for the treatment of several microbial infections. In this review, the progress in the structures of phthalocyanines was analyzed, considering that these compounds can easily functionalize and can form complexes with various metal ions. In this sense, different substituents were used to increase the interaction with the microorganisms, improving their photodynamic inactivation. Furthermore, these photosensitizers absorb strongly at phototherapeutic window, emit red fluorescence, and efficiently produce the formation of reactive oxygen species. Subsequently, the influence of binding, bacteria types, cell density, washing effect, and media on photoinactivation was remarked to elimination of microbes. Finally, photokilling of bacterial biofilm by phthalocyanines and the mechanism of action were discussed. Therefore, this review brings together the main features of phthalocyanines as antimicrobial phototherapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana B Spesia
- IDAS-CONICET, Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físico-Químicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Ruta Nacional 36 Km 601, X5804BYA, Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Edgardo N Durantini
- IDAS-CONICET, Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físico-Químicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Ruta Nacional 36 Km 601, X5804BYA, Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina
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15
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Delcanale P, Abbruzzetti S, Viappiani C. Photodynamic treatment of pathogens. LA RIVISTA DEL NUOVO CIMENTO 2022; 45:407-459. [PMCID: PMC8921710 DOI: 10.1007/s40766-022-00031-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The current viral pandemic has highlighted the compelling need for effective and versatile treatments, that can be quickly tuned to tackle new threats, and are robust against mutations. Development of such treatments is made even more urgent in view of the decreasing effectiveness of current antibiotics, that makes microbial infections the next emerging global threat. Photodynamic effect is one such method. It relies on physical processes proceeding from excited states of particular organic molecules, called photosensitizers, generated upon absorption of visible or near infrared light. The excited states of these molecules, tailored to undergo efficient intersystem crossing, interact with molecular oxygen and generate short lived reactive oxygen species (ROS), mostly singlet oxygen. These species are highly cytotoxic through non-specific oxidation reactions and constitute the basis of the treatment. In spite of the apparent simplicity of the principle, the method still has to face important challenges. For instance, the short lifetime of ROS means that the photosensitizer must reach the target within a few tens nanometers, which requires proper molecular engineering at the nanoscale level. Photoactive nanostructures thus engineered should ideally comprise a functionality that turns the system into a theranostic means, for instance, through introduction of fluorophores suitable for nanoscopy. We discuss the principles of the method and the current molecular strategies that have been and still are being explored in antimicrobial and antiviral photodynamic treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pietro Delcanale
- Dipartimento di Scienze Matematiche, Fisiche e Informatiche, Università degli Studi di Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 7A, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Stefania Abbruzzetti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Matematiche, Fisiche e Informatiche, Università degli Studi di Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 7A, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Cristiano Viappiani
- Dipartimento di Scienze Matematiche, Fisiche e Informatiche, Università degli Studi di Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 7A, 43124 Parma, Italy
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16
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Wang Z, Xu FJ, Yu B. Smart Polymeric Delivery System for Antitumor and Antimicrobial Photodynamic Therapy. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2021; 9:783354. [PMID: 34805129 PMCID: PMC8599151 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.783354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) has attracted tremendous attention in the antitumor and antimicrobial areas. To enhance the water solubility of photosensitizers and facilitate their accumulation in the tumor/infection site, polymeric materials are frequently explored as delivery systems, which are expected to show target and controllable activation of photosensitizers. This review introduces the smart polymeric delivery systems for the PDT of tumor and bacterial infections. In particular, strategies that are tumor/bacteria targeted or activatable by the tumor/bacteria microenvironment such as enzyme/pH/reactive oxygen species (ROS) are summarized. The similarities and differences of polymeric delivery systems in antitumor and antimicrobial PDT are compared. Finally, the potential challenges and perspectives of those polymeric delivery systems are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhijia Wang
- Laboratory of Biomedical Materials and Key Lab of Biomedical Materials of Natural Macromolecules Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Ministry of Education, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Fu-Jian Xu
- Laboratory of Biomedical Materials and Key Lab of Biomedical Materials of Natural Macromolecules Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Ministry of Education, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Bingran Yu
- Laboratory of Biomedical Materials and Key Lab of Biomedical Materials of Natural Macromolecules Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Ministry of Education, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, China
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17
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Fiala J, Schöbel H, Vrabl P, Dietrich D, Hammerle F, Artmann DJ, Stärz R, Peintner U, Siewert B. A New High-Throughput-Screening-Assay for Photoantimicrobials Based on EUCAST Revealed Unknown Photoantimicrobials in Cortinariaceae. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:703544. [PMID: 34421861 PMCID: PMC8375034 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.703544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance is one of the biggest health and subsequent economic threat humanity faces. Next to massive global awareness campaigns, governments and NGOs alike stress the need for new innovative strategies to treat microbial infections. One of such innovative strategies is the photodynamic antimicrobial chemotherapy (PACT) in which the synergistic effects of photons and drugs are exploited. While many promising reports are available, PACT - and especially the drug-design part behind - is still in its infancy. Common best-practice rules, such as the EUCAST or CLSI protocols for classic antibiotics as well as high-throughput screenings, are missing, and this, in turn, hampers the identification of hit structures. Hit-like structures might come from synthetic approaches or from natural sources. They are identified via activity-guided synthesis or isolation strategies. As source for new antimicrobials, fungi are highly ranked. They share the same ecological niche with many other microbes and consequently established chemical strategies to combat with the others. Recently, in members of the Cortinariaceae, especially of the subgenus Dermocybe, photoactive metabolites were detected. To study their putative photoantimicrobial effect, a photoantimicrobial high-throughput screening (HTS) based on The European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing (EUCAST) was established. After validation, the established HTS was used to evaluate a sample set containing six colorful representatives from the genus Cortinarius (i.e., Cortinarius callisteus, C. rufo-olivaceus, C. traganus, C. trivialis, C. venetus, and C. xanthophyllus). The assay is built on a uniform, light-emitting diode (LED)-based light irradiation across a 96-well microtiter plate, which was achieved by a pioneering arrangement of the LEDs. The validation of the assay was accomplished with well-known photoactive drugs, so-called photosensitizers, utilizing six distinct emission wavelengths (λexc = 428, 478, 523, 598, or 640 nm) and three microbial strains (Candida albicans, Staphylococcus aureus, and Escherichia coli). Evaluating the extracts of six Cortinarius species revealed two highly promising species, i.e., C. rufo-olivaceus and C. xanthophyllus. Extracts from the latter were photoactive against the Gram-positive S. aureus (c = 7.5 μg/ml, H = 30 J/cm2, λ = 478 nm) and the fungus C. albicans (c = 75 μg/ml, H = 30 J/cm2, λ = 478 nm).
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Fiala
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
- Institute of Microbiology, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | | | - Pamela Vrabl
- Institute of Microbiology, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Dorothea Dietrich
- Institute of Microbiology, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Fabian Hammerle
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | | | - Ronald Stärz
- MCI - The Entrepreneurial School, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Ursula Peintner
- Institute of Microbiology, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Bianka Siewert
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
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18
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Rapacka-Zdończyk A, Woźniak A, Michalska K, Pierański M, Ogonowska P, Grinholc M, Nakonieczna J. Factors Determining the Susceptibility of Bacteria to Antibacterial Photodynamic Inactivation. Front Med (Lausanne) 2021; 8:642609. [PMID: 34055830 PMCID: PMC8149737 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.642609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Photodynamic inactivation of microorganisms (aPDI) is an excellent method to destroy antibiotic-resistant microbial isolates. The use of an exogenous photosensitizer or irradiation of microbial cells already equipped with endogenous photosensitizers makes aPDI a convenient tool for treating the infections whenever technical light delivery is possible. Currently, aPDI research carried out on a vast repertoire of depending on the photosensitizer used, the target microorganism, and the light delivery system shows efficacy mostly on in vitro models. The search for mechanisms underlying different responses to photodynamic inactivation of microorganisms is an essential issue in aPDI because one niche (e.g., infection site in a human body) may have bacterial subpopulations that will exhibit different susceptibility. Rapidly growing bacteria are probably more susceptible to aPDI than persister cells. Some subpopulations can produce more antioxidant enzymes or have better performance due to efficient efflux pumps. The ultimate goal was and still is to identify and characterize molecular features that drive the efficacy of antimicrobial photodynamic inactivation. To this end, we examined several genetic and biochemical characteristics, including the presence of individual genetic elements, protein activity, cell membrane content and its physical properties, the localization of the photosensitizer, with the result that some of them are important and others do not appear to play a crucial role in the process of aPDI. In the review, we would like to provide an overview of the factors studied so far in our group and others that contributed to the aPDI process at the cellular level. We want to challenge the question, is there a general pattern of molecular characterization of aPDI effectiveness? Or is it more likely that a photosensitizer-specific pattern of molecular characteristics of aPDI efficacy will occur?
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Agata Woźniak
- Laboratory of Molecular Diagnostics, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Gdańsk and Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Klaudia Michalska
- Laboratory of Molecular Diagnostics, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Gdańsk and Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Michał Pierański
- Laboratory of Molecular Diagnostics, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Gdańsk and Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Patrycja Ogonowska
- Laboratory of Molecular Diagnostics, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Gdańsk and Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Mariusz Grinholc
- Laboratory of Molecular Diagnostics, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Gdańsk and Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Joanna Nakonieczna
- Laboratory of Molecular Diagnostics, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Gdańsk and Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
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19
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Cationic zinc (II) phthalocyanine nanoemulsions for photodynamic inactivation of resistant bacterial strains. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2021; 34:102301. [PMID: 33894372 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2021.102301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2021] [Revised: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The growing emergence of microbial resistance to antibiotics represents a worldwide challenge. Antimicrobial photodynamic inactivation (aPDI) has been introduced as an alternative technique, especially when combined with nanotechnology. Therefore, this study was designed to investigate the therapeutic merits of combined aPDI and nanoemulsion in infections caused by resistant bacterial strains. METHODS Cationic zinc (II) phthalocyanine nanoemulsions (ZnPc-NE) were prepared using isopropyl myristate (IPM) as oil phase, egg phosphatidylcholine (egg PC) as emulsifier, and N-cetyl-N,N,N-trimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB). Nanoemulsions were characterized for particle size, polydispersity, zeta potential, viscosity, and skin deposition. The in-vitro aPDI was investigated on human resistant pathogens; gram-positive methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and gram-negative Multidrug-resistant strain of Escherichia coli (MDR E. coli), under different experimental conditions. In addition, in-vivo model of abrasion wound infected by MDR E. coli was induced in rats to investigate the therapeutic potential of the selected formulation. RESULTS It was evident that the selected ZnPc formulation (20 % IPM, 2 % egg PC and 0.5 % CTAB) displayed a particle size of 209.9 nm, zeta potential +73.1 mV, and 23.66 % deposition of ZnPc in skin layers. Furthermore, the selected formulation combined with light achieved almost 100 % eradication of the two bacterial strains, with superior bacterial load reduction and wound healing propertiesin-vivo, compared to either the nanoemulsion formulation or laser alone. CONCLUSION ZnPc nanoemulsion improved antimicrobial photodynamic therapy in inactivating resistant bacterial infections and provided a promising therapeutic means of treating serious infections, and hence could be applied in diseases caused by other bacterial strains.
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20
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Le Guern F, Ouk TS, Yerzhan I, Nurlykyz Y, Arnoux P, Frochot C, Leroy-Lhez S, Sol V. Photophysical and Bactericidal Properties of Pyridinium and Imidazolium Porphyrins for Photodynamic Antimicrobial Chemotherapy. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26041122. [PMID: 33672630 PMCID: PMC7924203 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26041122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Revised: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite advances achieved over the last decade, infections caused by multi-drug-resistant bacterial strains are increasingly becoming important societal issues that need to be addressed. New approaches have already been developed in order to overcome this problem. Photodynamic antimicrobial chemotherapy (PACT) could provide an alternative to fight infectious bacteria. Many studies have highlighted the value of cationic photosensitizers in order to improve this approach. This study reports the synthesis and the characterization of cationic porphyrins derived from methylimidazolium and phenylimidazolium porphyrins, along with a comparison of their photophysical properties with the well-known N-methylpyridyl (pyridinium) porphyrin family. PACT tests conducted with the tetracationic porphyrins of these three families showed that these new photosensitizers may offer a good alternative to the classical pyridinium porphyrins, especially against S.aureus and E.coli. In addition, they pave the way to new cationic photosensitizers by the means of derivatization through amide bond formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florent Le Guern
- Institut Lavoisier de Versailles, Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, CNRS, 78035 Versailles, France;
- Laboratoire PEIRENE, Université de Limoges, EA 7500, 123 Avenue Albert Thomas, 87060 Limoges CEDEX, France; (T.-S.O.); (S.L.-L.)
| | - Tan-Sothéa Ouk
- Laboratoire PEIRENE, Université de Limoges, EA 7500, 123 Avenue Albert Thomas, 87060 Limoges CEDEX, France; (T.-S.O.); (S.L.-L.)
| | - Issabayev Yerzhan
- Laboratoire Réactions et Génie des Procédés (LRGP), Université de Lorraine, UMR 7274 CNRS, ENSIC, 1 rue Grandville, 54000 Nancy, France; (I.Y.); (Y.N.); (P.A.); (C.F.)
| | - Yesmurzayeva Nurlykyz
- Laboratoire Réactions et Génie des Procédés (LRGP), Université de Lorraine, UMR 7274 CNRS, ENSIC, 1 rue Grandville, 54000 Nancy, France; (I.Y.); (Y.N.); (P.A.); (C.F.)
| | - Philippe Arnoux
- Laboratoire Réactions et Génie des Procédés (LRGP), Université de Lorraine, UMR 7274 CNRS, ENSIC, 1 rue Grandville, 54000 Nancy, France; (I.Y.); (Y.N.); (P.A.); (C.F.)
| | - Céline Frochot
- Laboratoire Réactions et Génie des Procédés (LRGP), Université de Lorraine, UMR 7274 CNRS, ENSIC, 1 rue Grandville, 54000 Nancy, France; (I.Y.); (Y.N.); (P.A.); (C.F.)
| | - Stéphanie Leroy-Lhez
- Laboratoire PEIRENE, Université de Limoges, EA 7500, 123 Avenue Albert Thomas, 87060 Limoges CEDEX, France; (T.-S.O.); (S.L.-L.)
| | - Vincent Sol
- Laboratoire PEIRENE, Université de Limoges, EA 7500, 123 Avenue Albert Thomas, 87060 Limoges CEDEX, France; (T.-S.O.); (S.L.-L.)
- Correspondence:
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21
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Wang T, Ke H, Chen S, Wang J, Yang W, Cao X, Liu J, Wei Q, Ghiladi RA, Wang Q. Porous protoporphyrin IX-embedded cellulose diacetate electrospun microfibers in antimicrobial photodynamic inactivation. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2021; 118:111502. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2020.111502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2020] [Revised: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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22
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Chu JCH, Chin ML, Wong CTT, Hui M, Lo P, Ng DKP. One‐Pot Synthesis of a Cyclic Antimicrobial Peptide‐Conjugated Phthalocyanine for Synergistic Chemo‐Photodynamic Killing of Multidrug‐Resistant Bacteria. ADVANCED THERAPEUTICS 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/adtp.202000204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jacky C. H. Chu
- Department of Chemistry The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories Hong Kong China
| | - Miu Ling Chin
- Department of Microbiology The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories Hong Kong China
| | - Clarence T. T. Wong
- Department of Chemistry The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories Hong Kong China
| | - Mamie Hui
- Department of Microbiology The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories Hong Kong China
| | - Pui‐Chi Lo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences City University of Hong Kong Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon Hong Kong China
| | - Dennis K. P. Ng
- Department of Chemistry The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories Hong Kong China
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23
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do Prado-Silva L, Gomes ATPC, Mesquita MQ, Neri-Numa IA, Pastore GM, Neves MGPMS, Faustino MAF, Almeida A, Braga GÚL, Sant'Ana AS. Antimicrobial photodynamic treatment as an alternative approach for Alicyclobacillus acidoterrestris inactivation. Int J Food Microbiol 2020; 333:108803. [PMID: 32798958 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2020.108803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Revised: 07/12/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Alicyclobacillus acidoterrestris is a cause of major concern for the orange juice industry due to its thermal and chemical resistance, as well as its spoilage potential. A. acidoterrestris spoilage of orange juice is due to off-flavor taints from guaiacol production and some halophenols. The present study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of antimicrobial Photodynamic Treatment (aPDT) as an emerging technology to inactivate the spores of A. acidoterrestris. The aPDT efficiency towards A. acidoterrestris was evaluated using as photosensitizers the tetracationic porphyrin (Tetra-Py+-Me) and the phenothiazinium dye new methylene blue (NMB) in combination with white light-emitting diode (LED; 400-740 nm; 65-140 mW/cm2). The spores of A. acidoterrestris were cultured on YSG agar plates (pH 3.7 ± 0.1) at 45 °C for 28 days and submitted to the aPDT with Tetra-Py+-Me and NMB at 10 μM in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) in combination with white light (140 mW/cm2). The use of Tetra-Py+-Me at 10 μM resulted in a 7.3 ± 0.04 log reduction of the viability of A. acidoterrestris spores. No reductions in the viability of this bacterium were observed with NMB at 10 μM. Then, the aPDT with Tetra-Py+-Me and NMB at 10 μM in orange juice (UHT; pH 3.9; 11°Brix) alone and combined with potassium iodide (KI) was evaluated. The presence of KI was able to potentiate the aPDT process in orange juice, promoting the inactivation of 5 log CFU/mL of A. acidoterrestris spores after 10 h of white light exposition (140 mW/cm2). However, in the absence of KI, both photosensitizers did not promote a significant reduction in the spore viability. The inactivation of A. acidoterrestris spores artificially inoculated in orange peels (105 spores/mL) was also assessed using Tetra-Py+-Me at 10 and 50 μM in the presence and absence of KI in combination with white light (65 mW/cm2). No significant reductions were observed (p < .05) when Tetra-Py+-Me was used at 10 μM, however at the highest concentration (50 μM) a significant spore reduction (≈ 2.8 log CFU/mL reductions) in orange peels was observed after 6 h of sunlight exposition (65 mW/cm2). Although the color, total phenolic content (TPC), and antioxidant capacity of orange juice and peel (only color evaluation) seem to have been affected by light exposition, the impact on the visual and nutritional characteristics of the products remains inconclusive so far. Besides that, the results found suggest that aPDT can be a potential method for the reduction of A. acidoterrestris spores on orange groves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo do Prado-Silva
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Food Engineering, University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Ana T P C Gomes
- Department of Biology and CESAM, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Mariana Q Mesquita
- Department of Chemistry and LAQV-REQUIMTE, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Iramaia A Neri-Numa
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Food Engineering, University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Glaucia M Pastore
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Food Engineering, University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Maria G P M S Neves
- Department of Chemistry and LAQV-REQUIMTE, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Maria A F Faustino
- Department of Chemistry and LAQV-REQUIMTE, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Adelaide Almeida
- Department of Biology and CESAM, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Gilberto Ú L Braga
- Department of Clinical, Toxicological and Bromatological Analyses, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Anderson S Sant'Ana
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Food Engineering, University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil.
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De Silva P, Saad MA, Thomsen HC, Bano S, Ashraf S, Hasan T. Photodynamic therapy, priming and optical imaging: Potential co-conspirators in treatment design and optimization - a Thomas Dougherty Award for Excellence in PDT paper. J PORPHYR PHTHALOCYA 2020; 24:1320-1360. [PMID: 37425217 PMCID: PMC10327884 DOI: 10.1142/s1088424620300098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy is a photochemistry-based approach, approved for the treatment of several malignant and non-malignant pathologies. It relies on the use of a non-toxic, light activatable chemical, photosensitizer, which preferentially accumulates in tissues/cells and, upon irradiation with the appropriate wavelength of light, confers cytotoxicity by generation of reactive molecular species. The preferential accumulation however is not universal and, depending on the anatomical site, the ratio of tumor to normal tissue may be reversed in favor of normal tissue. Under such circumstances, control of the volume of light illumination provides a second handle of selectivity. Singlet oxygen is the putative favorite reactive molecular species although other entities such as nitric oxide have been credibly implicated. Typically, most photosensitizers in current clinical use have a finite quantum yield of fluorescence which is exploited for surgery guidance and can also be incorporated for monitoring and treatment design. In addition, the photodynamic process alters the cellular, stromal, and/or vascular microenvironment transiently in a process termed photodynamic priming, making it more receptive to subsequent additional therapies including chemo- and immunotherapy. Thus, photodynamic priming may be considered as an enabling technology for the more commonly used frontline treatments. Recently, there has been an increase in the exploitation of the theranostic potential of photodynamic therapy in different preclinical and clinical settings with the use of new photosensitizer formulations and combinatorial therapeutic options. The emergence of nanomedicine has further added to the repertoire of photodynamic therapy's potential and the convergence and co-evolution of these two exciting tools is expected to push the barriers of smart therapies, where such optical approaches might have a special niche. This review provides a perspective on current status of photodynamic therapy in anti-cancer and anti-microbial therapies and it suggests how evolving technologies combined with photochemically-initiated molecular processes may be exploited to become co-conspirators in optimization of treatment outcomes. We also project, at least for the short term, the direction that this modality may be taking in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pushpamali De Silva
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Mohammad A. Saad
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Hanna C. Thomsen
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Shazia Bano
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Shoaib Ashraf
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Tayyaba Hasan
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Harvard University and Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
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Anchoring BODIPY photosensitizers enable pan-microbial photoinactivation. Eur J Med Chem 2020; 199:112361. [PMID: 32408214 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2020.112361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Revised: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Photodynamic antimicrobial chemotherapy (PACT) is an effective strategy to inactivate pathogenic and resistant microbes. However, pan-microbial photoinactivation has hardly achieved. In this manuscript, we built anti-microbial PSs based on 2,6-diiodo-1,3,5,7-tetramethyl BODIPY (2I-BDP) using anchoring strategy through modifications on boron atom with bis-cationic moieties. With appropriate bis-cationic anchoring, we could achieve effective PACT for pan-microbial photoinactivation via straight forward modifications. Our studies suggested that integration of an efficient photosensitizer, good amphiphilicity, as well as tight interaction with microbial membrane could be essential for effective PACT.
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Eddahmi M, Sousa V, Moura NMM, Dias CJ, Bouissane L, Faustino MAF, Cavaleiro JAS, Gomes ATPC, Almeida A, Neves MGPMS, Mostapha Rakib E. New nitroindazole-porphyrin conjugates: Synthesis, characterization and antibacterial properties. Bioorg Chem 2020; 101:103994. [PMID: 32569896 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2020.103994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Revised: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The synthesis of new porphyrin-indazole hybrids by a Knoevenagel condensation of 2-formyl-5,10,15,20-tetraphenylporphyrin and N-methyl-nitroindazolylacetonitrile derivatives is reported. The target compounds were isolated in moderate to good yields (32-57%) and some of the isolated porphyrin-indazole conjugates showed good performance in the generation of singlet oxygen when irradiated with visible light. Their efficiency as photosensitizers in the photoinactivation of methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus-MRSA was evaluated. All derivatives showed to be able to photoinactivate the MRSA bacteria. Compound 3a appears to be the most promising photosensitiser (PS) in the photoinactivation of these bacteria, despite being the least efficient in singlet oxygen generation. The addition of potassium iodide (KI) significantly potentiated the antimicrobial Photodynamic Therapy (aPDT) process mediated by all the analysed porphyrin-indazole conjugates. The combined action of nitroindazole-porphyrins with potassium iodide (KI) action appears to be promising in the photoinactivation of MRSA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Eddahmi
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Chemistry Department, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; Laboratory of Organic and Analytic Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences and Technics, Sultan Moulay Slimane University, BP 523, 2300 Beni-Mellal, Morocco
| | - Vera Sousa
- CESAM and Biology Department, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Nuno M M Moura
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Chemistry Department, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - Cristina J Dias
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Chemistry Department, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Latifa Bouissane
- Laboratory of Organic and Analytic Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences and Technics, Sultan Moulay Slimane University, BP 523, 2300 Beni-Mellal, Morocco
| | - Maria A F Faustino
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Chemistry Department, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - José A S Cavaleiro
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Chemistry Department, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Ana T P C Gomes
- Laboratory of Organic and Analytic Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences and Technics, Sultan Moulay Slimane University, BP 523, 2300 Beni-Mellal, Morocco.
| | - Adelaide Almeida
- CESAM and Biology Department, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Maria G P M S Neves
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Chemistry Department, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - El Mostapha Rakib
- Laboratory of Organic and Analytic Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences and Technics, Sultan Moulay Slimane University, BP 523, 2300 Beni-Mellal, Morocco.
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Zagami R, Franco D, Pipkin JD, Antle V, De Plano L, Patanè S, Guglielmino S, Monsù Scolaro L, Mazzaglia A. Sulfobutylether-β-cyclodextrin/5,10,15,20-tetrakis(1-methylpyridinium-4-yl)porphine nanoassemblies with sustained antimicrobial phototherapeutic action. Int J Pharm 2020; 585:119487. [PMID: 32492506 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2020.119487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Nowadays, novel less-expensive nanoformulations for in situ-controlled and safe delivery of photosensitisers (PSs) against opportunistic pathogens in body-infections areas need to be developed. Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) is a promising approach to treat bacterial infections that are recalcitrant to antibiotics. In this paper, we propose the design and characterization of a novel nanophototherapeutic based on the trade cyclodextrin CAPTISOL® (sulfobutylether-beta-cyclodextrin, SBE-βCD) and 5,10,15,20-tetrakis(1-methylpyridinium-4-yl)porphine tetrakis(p-toluenesulfonate) (TMPyP) to fabricate efficient biocompatible systems for aPDT. Spherical nanoassemblies of about 360 nm based on CAPTISOL®/TMPyP supramolecular complexes with 1:1 stoichiometry and apparent equilibrium binding constant (Kb ≅ 1.32 × 105 M-1) were prepared with entrapment efficiency of ≅ 100% by simple mixing in aqueous media and freeze-drying. These systems have been characterized by complementary spectroscopy and microscopy techniques. Time resolved fluorescence pointed out the strong interaction of porphyrin monomer within nanoassemblies (τ2 ≅ 11 ns with an amount of ca 90%) and scarce self-aggregation of porphyrins have been observed. Singlet oxygen comparative determination (ϕΔ CAPTISOL®/TMPyP = 0.58) assessed their photodynamic potential. Release and photostability studies have been carried out under physiological conditions pointing out the role of CAPTISOL® to sustain porphyrin release for more than 2 weeks and to protect PS from photodegradation. Finally, photoantimicrobial activity of nanoassemblies vs free porphyrin have been investigated against Gram-negative P. aeruginosa, E. coli and Gram-positive S. aureus. The proposed nanosystems were able to photokill both Gram-positive and -negative bacterial cells similarly to TMPyP at MBC90 = 6 µM of TMPyP and at 42 J/cm2 light dose. However, with respect to the less selective free TMPyP in biological sites, nanoassemblies exhibit sustained release properties and a higher photostability thus optimizing the PDT effect at the site of action. These results can open routes for in vivo translational studies on nano(photo)drugs and nanotheranostics based on less expensive formulations of CD and PS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Zagami
- CNR-ISMN, Istituto per lo Studio dei Materiali Nanostrutturati c/o Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Biologiche, Farmaceutiche ed Ambientali dell'Università di Messina, Viale F. Stagno d'Alcontres 31, Messina 98166, Italy.
| | - Domenico Franco
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Biologiche, Farmaceutiche ed Ambientali dell'Università di Messina, Viale F. Stagno d'Alcontres 31, Messina 98166, Italy
| | | | - Vince Antle
- Ligand Pharmaceuticals Incorporated, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Laura De Plano
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Biologiche, Farmaceutiche ed Ambientali dell'Università di Messina, Viale F. Stagno d'Alcontres 31, Messina 98166, Italy
| | - Salvatore Patanè
- Dipartimento di Scienze Matematiche e Informatiche, Scienze Fisiche e Scienze della Terra, Università di Messina, Viale F. Stagno d'Alcontres, 31, 98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Salvatore Guglielmino
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Biologiche, Farmaceutiche ed Ambientali dell'Università di Messina, Viale F. Stagno d'Alcontres 31, Messina 98166, Italy
| | - Luigi Monsù Scolaro
- CNR-ISMN, Istituto per lo Studio dei Materiali Nanostrutturati c/o Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Biologiche, Farmaceutiche ed Ambientali dell'Università di Messina, Viale F. Stagno d'Alcontres 31, Messina 98166, Italy; Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Biologiche, Farmaceutiche ed Ambientali dell'Università di Messina, Viale F. Stagno d'Alcontres 31, Messina 98166, Italy; C.I.R.C.M.S.B, Unity of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Antonino Mazzaglia
- CNR-ISMN, Istituto per lo Studio dei Materiali Nanostrutturati c/o Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Biologiche, Farmaceutiche ed Ambientali dell'Università di Messina, Viale F. Stagno d'Alcontres 31, Messina 98166, Italy.
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28
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Gao J, Matthews KR. Effects of the photosensitizer curcumin in inactivating foodborne pathogens on chicken skin. Food Control 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2019.106959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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29
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Zhen X, Chudal L, Pandey NK, Phan J, Ran X, Amador E, Huang X, Johnson O, Ran Y, Chen W, Hamblin MR, Huang L. A powerful combination of copper-cysteamine nanoparticles with potassium iodide for bacterial destruction. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2020; 110:110659. [PMID: 32204087 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2020.110659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2019] [Revised: 01/06/2020] [Accepted: 01/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Herein, for the first time, we demonstrate that the combination of copper-cysteamine (Cu-Cy) nanoparticles (NPs) and potassium iodide (KI) can significantly inactivate both Gram-positive MRSA and Gram-negative E. coli. To uncover the mystery of the killing, the interaction of KI with Cu-Cy NPs was investigated systematically and the products from their interaction were identified. No copper ions were released after adding KI to Cu-Cy NPs in cell-free medium and, therefore, it is reasonable to conclude that the Fenton reaction induced by copper ions is not responsible for the bacterial killing. Based on the observations, we propose that the major killing mechanism involves the generation of toxic species, such as hydrogen peroxide, triiodide ions, iodide ions, singlet oxygen, and iodine molecules. Overall, the powerful combination of Cu-Cy NPs and KI has good potential as an independent treatment or a complementary antibiotic treatment to infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiumei Zhen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Lalit Chudal
- Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX 76019-0059, USA
| | - Nil Kanatha Pandey
- Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX 76019-0059, USA
| | - Jonathan Phan
- Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX 76019-0059, USA
| | - Xin Ran
- Department of Dermatovenereology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Eric Amador
- Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX 76019-0059, USA
| | - Xuejing Huang
- Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX 76019-0059, USA
| | - Omar Johnson
- Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX 76019-0059, USA
| | - Yuping Ran
- Department of Dermatovenereology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX 76019-0059, USA.
| | | | - Liyi Huang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China.
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30
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Xiong W, Wang L, Chen X, Tang H, Cao D, Zhang G, Chen W. Pyridinium-substituted tetraphenylethylene salt-based photosensitizers by varying counter anions: a highly efficient photodynamic therapy for cancer cell ablation and bacterial inactivation. J Mater Chem B 2020; 8:5234-5244. [DOI: 10.1039/d0tb00888e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
A highly efficient photodynamic therapy of cancer cell ablation and bacterial inactivation by two AIEgens was reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Xiong
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- South China University of Technology
- Guangzhou
- China
| | - Lingyun Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- South China University of Technology
- Guangzhou
- China
| | - Xiaoli Chen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- South China University of Technology
- Guangzhou
- China
| | - Hao Tang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- South China University of Technology
- Guangzhou
- China
| | - Derong Cao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- South China University of Technology
- Guangzhou
- China
| | - Guozhen Zhang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, School of Chemistry and Materials Science
- University of Science and Technology of China
- Hefei
- P. R. China
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of Physics
- The University of Texas at Arlington
- Arlington
- USA
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Huang L, Ma L, Xuan W, Zhen X, Zheng H, Chen W, Hamblin MR. Exploration of Copper-Cysteamine Nanoparticles as a New Type of Agents for Antimicrobial Photodynamic Inactivation. J Biomed Nanotechnol 2019; 15:2142-2148. [PMID: 31462378 PMCID: PMC6731549 DOI: 10.1166/jbn.2019.2829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Copper-cysteamine (Cu-Cy) nanoparticles (NPs) are a new type of sensitizers that can be activated by UV light, X-rays, microwaves and ultrasound to produce reactive oxygen species for cancer treatment. Here, for the first time, we explored Cu-Cy NPs for bacteria inactivation by treating gram-positive bacteria (methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and Enterococcus faecalis) and gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia coli and Acinetobacter baumannii), respectively. The results show that Cu-Cy NPs are very effective in killing gram-positive bacteria but are quite limited in killing gram-negative bacteria yet. The major killing mechanism is cell damage by singlet oxygen and Cu-Cy NPs are potential agents for bacteria inactivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liyi Huang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530022, China
| | - Lun Ma
- Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, Texas 76019-0059, United States
| | - Weijun Xuan
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, First Clinical Medical College and Hospital, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, 530200, China
| | - Xiumei Zhen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530022, China
| | - Han Zheng
- Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, Texas 76019-0059, United States
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, Texas 76019-0059, United States
| | - Michael R. Hamblin
- Department of Dermatology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02138, USA
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Hamblin MR, Abrahamse H. Tetracyclines: light-activated antibiotics? Future Med Chem 2019; 11:2427-2445. [PMID: 31544504 PMCID: PMC6785754 DOI: 10.4155/fmc-2018-0513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2018] [Accepted: 06/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Tetracyclines are well established antibiotics but show phototoxicity as a side effect. Antimicrobial photodynamic inactivation uses nontoxic dyes combined with harmless light to destroy microbial cells by reactive oxygen species. Tetracyclines (demeclocycline and doxycycline) can act as light-activated antibiotics by binding to bacterial cells and killing them only upon illumination. The remaining tetracyclines can prevent bacterial regrowth after illumination has ceased. Antimicrobial photodynamic inactivation can be potentiated by potassium iodide. Azide quenched the formation of iodine, but not hydrogen peroxide. Demeclotetracycline (but not doxycycline) iodinated tyrosine after light activation in the presence of potassium iodide. Bacteria are killed by photoactivation of tetracyclines in the absence of oxygen. Since topical tetracyclines are already used clinically, blue light activation may increase the bactericidal effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael R Hamblin
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Department of Dermatology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Harvard – MIT Division of Health Sciences & Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Heidi Abrahamse
- Laser Research Centre, Faculty of Health Science, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein 2028, Gauteng, South Africa
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Yadav MK, Mailar K, Nagarajappa Masagalli J, Chae SW, Song JJ, Choi WJ. Ruthenium Chloride-Induced Oxidative Cyclization of Trans-Resveratrol to (±)-ε-Viniferin and Antimicrobial and Antibiofilm Activity Against Streptococcus pneumoniae. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:890. [PMID: 31474855 PMCID: PMC6702469 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.00890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2019] [Accepted: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Polyphenol ε-viniferin (2) is a protective phytochemical found in several plant families. Here, we report a simple and effective method for the synthesis of (±)-ε-viniferin (2) as major product and (±)-(E)-ω-viniferin (3) as a minor product. Synthesized viniferin compounds and standard viniferin were analyzed for antibacterial and antibiofilm activity against Gram-positive bacteria Streptococcus pneumoniae. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of (±)-ε-viniferin (2) and standard viniferin were 20 µm. However, the MICs of (±)-(E)-ω-viniferin (3) and compound 8 were 40 µm. Although viniferin significantly (p < 0.05) reduced pre-established in vitro biofilms and killed bacteria within the biofilm, it was unable to prevent biofilm formation at sub-MIC concentrations. The time kill experiment revealed that viniferin killed bacteria and reduced 2.8 log10 bacteria at 2 × MIC concentration after 24 h. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) analysis and live/dead biofilm staining of pre-established biofilms revealed that viniferin treatment disrupts membrane integrity of biofilm bacteria. Crystal violet absorption, total protein, and DNA and RNA release revealed that viniferin alters bacterial cell permeability, eventually killing bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mukesh Kumar Yadav
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, Korea University Guro Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
- Institute for Medical Device Clinical Trials, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Karabasappa Mailar
- College of Pharmacy and Integrated Research Institute for Drug Development, Dongguk University, Seoul, South Korea
| | | | | | - Jae-Jun Song
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, Korea University Guro Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Won Jun Choi
- College of Pharmacy and Integrated Research Institute for Drug Development, Dongguk University, Seoul, South Korea
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Kirar S, Thakur NS, Laha JK, Banerjee UC. Porphyrin Functionalized Gelatin Nanoparticle-Based Biodegradable Phototheranostics: Potential Tools for Antimicrobial Photodynamic Therapy. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2019; 2:4202-4212. [DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.9b00493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Husejnagic S, Lettner S, Laky M, Georgopoulos A, Moritz A, Rausch-Fan X. Photoactivated disinfection in periodontal treatment: A randomized controlled clinical split-mouth trial. J Periodontol 2019; 90:1260-1269. [PMID: 31301146 DOI: 10.1002/jper.18-0576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2018] [Revised: 03/18/2019] [Accepted: 04/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Photoactivated disinfection (PAD) could support the periodontal treatment outcome. The effect of the light emitting diode (LED) as an innovative light source in PAD is under discussion. The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical and microbiological effect of adjunctive PAD in the treatment of periodontitis with a red LED as light source. METHODS Twenty patients with periodontitis completed this split-mouth study. The left and right side of the jaws were randomly assigned to either test or control group. After conservative periodontal treatment in both groups, the test group received two sessions of adjunctive PAD (red LED, 635 nm, photosensitive dye, 0.01% tolonium chloride), whereas the control group received no adjunctive PAD. The parameters of clinical periodontal examination-including probing depth (PD), clinical attachment level (CAL), bleeding on probing (BOP) and microbiological assays (PCR) were evaluated before and after treatment. RESULTS After 3 months, both treatment groups showed significant improvements regarding BOP, PD, and CAL compared to baseline, with no significant difference between control and treatment group. The recolonization of Porphyromonas gingivalis and Treponema denticola was reduced after adjuvant treatment, but not significantly. CONCLUSIONS The positive effect of adjunctive PAD regarding clinical parameters was reported in recent trials. In this study and with the current settings, both treatment groups showed similar clinical results after initial periodontal treatment, without beneficial effect of adjunctive PAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selma Husejnagic
- Division of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Clinic of Dentistry, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Stefan Lettner
- Karl Donath Laboratory, Statistics, University Clinic of Dentistry, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Markus Laky
- Division of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Clinic of Dentistry, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Apostolos Georgopoulos
- Core Facility Oral Microbiology and Hygiene, University Clinic of Dentistry, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Andreas Moritz
- Division of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Clinic of Dentistry, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Xiaohui Rausch-Fan
- Division of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Clinic of Dentistry, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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Sayar F, Chiniforush N, Bahador A, Etemadi A, Akhondi N, Azimi C. Efficacy of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy for elimination of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans biofilm on Laser-Lok titanium discs. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2019; 27:462-466. [PMID: 31362109 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2019.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2019] [Revised: 07/15/2019] [Accepted: 07/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Antimicrobial Photodynamic therapy (aPDT) is a novel modality suggested for treatment of peri-implantitis. This study aimed to assess the effect of aPDT with toluidine blue (TBO) and indocyanine green (ICG) and 635 nm and 808 nm diode laser on Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (A. actinomycetemcomitans) biofilm formed on Laser-Lok titanium discs. MATERIALS AND METHODS Eighty sterile Laser-Lok titanium discs were inoculated with A. actinomycetemcomitans to form biofilm and were randomly divided into 8 groups (n = 10) of control, chlorhexidine (CHX), TBO, ICG, 635 nm diode laser with 220 mW power, 808 nm diode laser with 250 mW power, 100 μg/mL TBO+635 nm diode laser and ICG+808 nm diode laser. Number of colony forming units (CFUs) on the surface of each disc was counted after the intervention. Data were analyzed using the Kruskal-Wallis test. RESULTS Significant differences were noted in colony count among the eight groups after the intervention (P = 0.001). Pairwise comparisons with adjusted P value test showed that aPDT with TBO+635 nm laser and ICG+808 nm laser caused significant reduction of bacterial biofilm compared to the control group (P = 0.0001). TBO alone caused significant reduction of biofilm compared to the control group (P = 0.004). No other significant differences were noted (P > 0.05). CONCLUSION Within the limitations of this study, the results showed that aPDT is a potential modality for decontamination of implant surface and reduction of A. actinomycetemcomitans biofilm in vitro. In this study, aPDT with TBO+635 nm diode laser and ICG+808 nm diode laser decreased the bacterial load on titanium discs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ferena Sayar
- Department of Periodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Nasim Chiniforush
- Laser Research Center of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Surgical Sciences and Integrated Diagnostics, University of Genoa, Italy
| | - Abbas Bahador
- Oral Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Ardavan Etemadi
- Department of Periodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Laser Research Center of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nasrin Akhondi
- Department of Mathematics, South Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
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Stoll KR, Scholle F, Zhu J, Zhang X, Ghiladi RA. BODIPY-embedded electrospun materials in antimicrobial photodynamic inactivation. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2019; 18:1923-1932. [PMID: 31147667 DOI: 10.1039/c9pp00103d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Drug-resistant pathogens, particularly those that result in hospital acquired infections (HAIs), have emerged as a critical priority for the World Health Organization. To address the need for self-disinfecting materials to counter the threat posed by the transmission of these pathogens from surfaces to new hosts, here we investigated if a cationic BODIPY photosensitizer, embedded via electrospinning into nylon and polyacrylonitrile (PAN) nanofibers, was capable of inactivating both bacteria and viruses via antimicrobial photodynamic inactivation (aPDI). Materials characterization, including fiber morphology and the degree of photosensitizer loading, was assessed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), and UV-visible diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (UV-Vis DRS), and demonstrated that the materials were comprised of nanofibers (125-215 nm avg. diameter) that were thermostable to >300 °C. The antimicrobial potencies of the resultant Nylon-BODIPY(+) and PAN-BODIPY(+) nanofiber materials were evaluated against four strains of bacteria recognized by the World Health Organization as either critical or high priority pathogens: Gram-positive strains methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA; ATCC BAA-44) and vancomycin-resistant E. faecium (VRE; ATCC BAA-2320), and Gram-negative strains multidrug-resistant A. baumannii (MDRAB; ATCC BAA-1605) and NDM-1 positive K. pneumoniae (KP; ATCC BAA-2146). Our results demonstrated the detection limit (99.9999%; 6 log units reduction in CFU mL-1) photodynamic inactivation of three strains upon illumination (30-60 min; 40-65 ± 5 mW cm-2; 400-700 nm): MRSA, VRE, and MDRAB, but only minimal inactivation (47-75%) of KP. Antiviral studies employing PAN-BODIPY(+) against vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV), a model enveloped virus, revealed complete inactivation. Taken together, the results demonstrate the potential for electrospun BODIPY(+)-embedded nanofiber materials as the basis for pathogen-specific anti-infective materials, even at low photosensitizer loadings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin R Stoll
- Department of Chemistry, United States Air Force Academy, CO 80840, USA
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Vieira C, Santos A, Mesquita MQ, Gomes ATPC, Neves MGPMS, Faustino MAF, Almeida A. Advances in aPDT based on the combination of a porphyrinic formulation with potassium iodide: Effectiveness on bacteria and fungi planktonic/biofilm forms and viruses. J PORPHYR PHTHALOCYA 2019. [DOI: 10.1142/s1088424619500408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The increasing world-wide rate of antibiotic resistance as well as the capacity of microorganisms to form biofilms, have led to a higher incidence of mortal infections that require alternative methods for their control. Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) emerged as an effective solution against resistant strains. The present work aims to evaluate the aPDT efficiency of a photosensitizer (PS) based on a low-cost formulation constituted by five cationic porphyrins (FORM) and its potentiation effect by KI on a broad spectrum of microorganisms under white light (380–700 nm, 25 W/m[Formula: see text]. The aPDT assays were performed with different concentrations of FORM (0.1 to 5.0 [Formula: see text]M) and 100 mM of KI on planktonic and biofilm forms of gram-positive (methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus–MRSA) and gram-negative (Escherichia coli resistant to chloramphenicol and ampicillin) bacteria, of the fungi Candida albicans and on a T4-like bacteriophage as a mammalian virus model. The results indicate that the FORM alone is an efficient PS to photoinactivate not only gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria, but also C. albicans, in planktonic and biofilm forms, and T4-like phage at low concentrations (<5.0 [Formula: see text]M). The presence of KI enhanced the photodynamic effect of this FORM for all microorganisms on the planktonic form, allowing the reduction of PS concentration and treatment time. The results also show that the combination FORM/KI is highly efficient in the elimination of already well-established biofilms of E. coli,S. aureus and C. albicans. This effect is probably associated with longer-lived iodine reactive species produced during the aPDT treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cátia Vieira
- Department of Biology and CESAM, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Adriele Santos
- Department of Biology and CESAM, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
- Department of Clinical Analysis and Biomedicine, State University of Maringá, 87020-900, Maringá - Paraná, Brazil
| | - Mariana Q. Mesquita
- QOPNA & LAQV-REQUIMTE and Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Ana T. P. C. Gomes
- Department of Biology and CESAM, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - M. Graça P. M. S. Neves
- QOPNA & LAQV-REQUIMTE and Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - M. Amparo F. Faustino
- QOPNA & LAQV-REQUIMTE and Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Adelaide Almeida
- Department of Biology and CESAM, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
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Lourenço LMO, Rocha DMGC, Ramos CIV, Gomes MC, Almeida A, Faustino MAF, Almeida Paz FA, Neves MGPMS, Cunha Â, Tomé JPC. Photoinactivation of Planktonic and Biofilm Forms of
Escherichia coli
through the Action of Cationic Zinc(II) Phthalocyanines. CHEMPHOTOCHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/cptc.201900020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Leandro M. O. Lourenço
- QOPNA-LAQV-REQUINTE and Department of Chemistry University of Aveiro Campus Universitário de Santiago 3810-193 Aveiro Portugal
| | - Deisy M. G. C. Rocha
- QOPNA-LAQV-REQUINTE and Department of Chemistry University of Aveiro Campus Universitário de Santiago 3810-193 Aveiro Portugal
- CESAM and Department of Biology University of Aveiro Campus Universitário de Santiago 3810-193 Aveiro Portugal
| | - Catarina I. V. Ramos
- Mass Spectrometry Laboratory and Department of Chemistry University of Aveiro Campus Universitário de Santiago 3810-193 Aveiro Portugal
| | - Maria C. Gomes
- QOPNA-LAQV-REQUINTE and Department of Chemistry University of Aveiro Campus Universitário de Santiago 3810-193 Aveiro Portugal
- CESAM and Department of Biology University of Aveiro Campus Universitário de Santiago 3810-193 Aveiro Portugal
| | - Adelaide Almeida
- CESAM and Department of Biology University of Aveiro Campus Universitário de Santiago 3810-193 Aveiro Portugal
| | - Maria A. F. Faustino
- QOPNA-LAQV-REQUINTE and Department of Chemistry University of Aveiro Campus Universitário de Santiago 3810-193 Aveiro Portugal
| | - Filipe A. Almeida Paz
- CICECO-Aveiro Institute of Materials and Department of Chemistry University of Aveiro Campus Universitário de Santiago 3810-193 Aveiro Portugal
| | - Maria G. P. M. S. Neves
- QOPNA-LAQV-REQUINTE and Department of Chemistry University of Aveiro Campus Universitário de Santiago 3810-193 Aveiro Portugal
| | - Ângela Cunha
- CESAM and Department of Biology University of Aveiro Campus Universitário de Santiago 3810-193 Aveiro Portugal
| | - João P. C. Tomé
- CQE and Departamento de Engenharia Química Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa Av. Rovisco Pais, n°1 1049-001 Lisboa Portugal
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What an Escherichia coli Mutant Can Teach Us About the Antibacterial Effect of Chlorophyllin. Microorganisms 2019; 7:microorganisms7020059. [PMID: 30813305 PMCID: PMC6406390 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms7020059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2018] [Revised: 02/08/2019] [Accepted: 02/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to the increasing development of antibiotic resistances in recent years, scientists search intensely for new methods to control bacteria. Photodynamic treatment with porphyrins such as chlorophyll derivatives is one of the most promising methods to handle bacterial infestation, but their use is dependent on illumination and they seem to be more effective against Gram-positive bacteria than against Gram-negatives. In this study, we tested chlorophyllin against three bacterial model strains, the Gram-positive Bacillus subtilis 168, the Gram-negative Escherichia coli DH5α and E. coli strain NR698 which has a deficient outer membrane, simulating a Gram-negative "without" its outer membrane. Illuminated with a standardized light intensity of 12 mW/cm², B. subtilis showed high sensitivity already at low chlorophyllin concentrations (≤10⁵ cfu/mL: ≤0.1 mg/L, 10⁶⁻10⁸ cfu/mL: 0.5 mg/L), whereas E. coli DH5α was less sensitive (≤10⁵ cfu/mL: 2.5 mg/L, 10⁶ cfu/mL: 5 mg/L, 10⁷⁻10⁸ cfu/mL: ineffective at ≤25 mg/L chlorophyllin). E. coli NR698 was almost as sensitive as B. subtilis against chlorophyllin, pointing out that the outer membrane plays a significant role in protection against photodynamic chlorophyllin impacts. Interestingly, E. coli NR698 and B. subtilis can also be inactivated by chlorophyllin in darkness, indicating a second, light-independent mode of action. Thus, chlorophyllin seems to be more than a photosensitizer, and a promising substance for the control of bacteria, which deserves further investigation.
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41
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Sagrillo FS, Dias C, Gomes ATPC, Faustino MAF, Almeida A, Gonçalves de Souza A, Costa ARP, Boechat FDCS, Bastos Vieira de Souza MC, Neves MGPMS, Cavaleiro JAS. Synthesis and photodynamic effects of new porphyrin/4-oxoquinoline derivatives in the inactivation of S. aureus. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2019; 18:1910-1922. [DOI: 10.1039/c9pp00102f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
New porphyrin/4-oxoquinoline conjugates were synthesized and shown to be excellent photosensitizing agents in the inactivation of S. aureus by the antimicrobial photodynamic therapy protocol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda Savacini Sagrillo
- QOPNA & LAQV-REQUIMTE and Chemistry Department
- University of Aveiro
- 3810-193 Aveiro
- Portugal
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Química
| | - Cristina Dias
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Química
- Instituto de Química
- Universidade Federal Fluminense
- Rio de Janeiro
- Brazil
| | | | - Maria A. F. Faustino
- QOPNA & LAQV-REQUIMTE and Chemistry Department
- University of Aveiro
- 3810-193 Aveiro
- Portugal
| | - Adelaide Almeida
- Department of Biology and CESAM
- University of Aveiro
- Aveiro
- Portugal
| | - Alan Gonçalves de Souza
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Química
- Instituto de Química
- Universidade Federal Fluminense
- Rio de Janeiro
- Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | - José A. S. Cavaleiro
- QOPNA & LAQV-REQUIMTE and Chemistry Department
- University of Aveiro
- 3810-193 Aveiro
- Portugal
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42
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Hurst AN, Scarbrough B, Saleh R, Hovey J, Ari F, Goyal S, Chi RJ, Troutman JM, Vivero-Escoto JL. Influence of Cationic meso-Substituted Porphyrins on the Antimicrobial Photodynamic Efficacy and Cell Membrane Interaction in Escherichia coli. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20010134. [PMID: 30609680 PMCID: PMC6337135 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20010134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2018] [Revised: 12/24/2018] [Accepted: 12/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Photodynamic inactivation (PDI) is a non-antibiotic option for the treatment of infectious diseases. Although Gram-positive bacteria have been shown to be highly susceptible to PDI, the inactivation of Gram-negative bacteria has been more challenging due to the impermeability properties of the outer membrane. In the present study, a series of photosensitizers which contain one to four positive charges (1–4) were used to evaluate the charge influence on the PDI of a Gram-negative bacteria, Escherichia coli (E. coli), and their interaction with the cell membrane. The dose-response PDI results confirm the relevance of the number of positive charges on the porphyrin molecule in the PDI of E. coli. The difference between the Hill coefficients of cationic porphyrins with 1–3 positive charges and the tetra-cationic porphyrin (4) revealed potential variations in their mechanism of inactivation. Fluorescent live-cell microscopy studies showed that cationic porphyrins with 1–3 positive charges bind to the cell membrane of E. coli, but are not internalized. On the contrary, the tetra-cationic porphyrin (4) permeates through the membrane of the cells. The contrast in the interaction of cationic porphyrins with E. coli confirmed that they followed different mechanisms of inactivation. This work helps to have a better understanding of the structure-activity relationship in the efficiency of the PDI process of cationic porphyrins against Gram-negative bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra N Hurst
- Department of Chemistry, The University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC 28223, USA.
- The Center for Biomedical Engineering and Science, The University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC 28223, USA.
- Nanoscale Science Program, Department of Chemistry, The University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC 28223, USA.
| | - Beth Scarbrough
- Department of Chemistry, The University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC 28223, USA.
- The Center for Biomedical Engineering and Science, The University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC 28223, USA.
- Nanoscale Science Program, Department of Chemistry, The University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC 28223, USA.
| | - Roa Saleh
- Department of Chemistry, The University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC 28223, USA.
| | - Jessica Hovey
- Department of Chemistry, The University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC 28223, USA.
| | - Farideh Ari
- Department of Chemistry, The University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC 28223, USA.
| | - Shreya Goyal
- The Center for Biomedical Engineering and Science, The University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC 28223, USA.
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC 28223, USA.
| | - Richard J Chi
- The Center for Biomedical Engineering and Science, The University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC 28223, USA.
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC 28223, USA.
| | - Jerry M Troutman
- Department of Chemistry, The University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC 28223, USA.
- The Center for Biomedical Engineering and Science, The University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC 28223, USA.
- Nanoscale Science Program, Department of Chemistry, The University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC 28223, USA.
| | - Juan L Vivero-Escoto
- Department of Chemistry, The University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC 28223, USA.
- The Center for Biomedical Engineering and Science, The University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC 28223, USA.
- Nanoscale Science Program, Department of Chemistry, The University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC 28223, USA.
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43
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Fujishiro R, Sonoyama H, Ide Y, Fujimura T, Sasai R, Nagai A, Mori S, Kaufman NEM, Zhou Z, Vicente MGH, Ikeue T. Synthesis, photodynamic activities, and cytotoxicity of new water-soluble cationic gallium(III) and zinc(II) phthalocyanines. J Inorg Biochem 2018; 192:7-16. [PMID: 30551005 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2018.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2018] [Revised: 11/19/2018] [Accepted: 11/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The cationic Ga(III) and Zn(II) phthalocyanines carrying N-methyl-pyridinium groups at eight peripheral β-positionshave been synthesized. These complexes are highly soluble in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and moderately soluble in water and phosphate buffered saline (PBS); both Ga(III)Cl and Zn(II) complexes have shown no aggregation in water up to 1.2 × 10-4 and 1.5 × 10-5 M, respectively. A higher water-solubility of Ga(III)Cl complex as compared to Zn(II) complex is ascribed to the presence of an axially coordinated chloride. The spectroscopic properties, photogeneration of singlet oxygen (1O2), and cytotoxicity of these complexes have been investigated. The absolute quantum yields (ΦΔabsolute) for the photogeneration of singlet oxygen using Ga(III)Cl and Zn(II) complexes have been determined to be 4.4 and 5.3%, respectively, in DMSO solution. The cytotoxicity and intracellular sites of localization of Ga(III)Cl and Zn(II) complexes have been evaluated in human HEp2 cells. Both complexes, localized intracellularly in multiple organelles, have shown no cytotoxicity in the dark. Upon exposure to a low light dose (1.5 J/cm2), however, Zn(II) complex has exhibited a high photocytotoxicity. The result suggests that Zn(II) complex can be considered as a potential photosensitizer for Photodynamic therapy (PDT).
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Affiliation(s)
- Rei Fujishiro
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Shimane University, 1060 Nishikawatsu, Matsue 690-8504, Japan
| | - Hayato Sonoyama
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Shimane University, 1060 Nishikawatsu, Matsue 690-8504, Japan
| | - Yuki Ide
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Shimane University, 1060 Nishikawatsu, Matsue 690-8504, Japan
| | - Takuya Fujimura
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Shimane University, 1060 Nishikawatsu, Matsue 690-8504, Japan
| | - Ryo Sasai
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Shimane University, 1060 Nishikawatsu, Matsue 690-8504, Japan.
| | - Atsushi Nagai
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shimane University School of Medicine, Izumo, Japan
| | - Shigeki Mori
- Advanced Research Support Center, Ehime University, 2-5 Bunkyo-cho, Matsuyama 790-8577, Japan
| | - Nichole E M Kaufman
- Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803-1804, USA
| | - Zehua Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803-1804, USA
| | - M Graça H Vicente
- Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803-1804, USA
| | - Takahisa Ikeue
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Shimane University, 1060 Nishikawatsu, Matsue 690-8504, Japan.
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44
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Xuan W, He Y, Huang L, Huang YY, Bhayana B, Xi L, Gelfand JA, Hamblin MR. Antimicrobial Photodynamic Inactivation Mediated by Tetracyclines in Vitro and in Vivo: Photochemical Mechanisms and Potentiation by Potassium Iodide. Sci Rep 2018; 8:17130. [PMID: 30459451 PMCID: PMC6244358 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-35594-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2018] [Accepted: 11/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Tetracyclines (including demeclocycline, DMCT, or doxycycline, DOTC) represent a class of dual-action antibacterial compounds, which can act as antibiotics in the dark, and also as photosensitizers under illumination with blue or UVA light. It is known that tetracyclines are taken up inside bacterial cells where they bind to ribosomes. In the present study, we investigated the photochemical mechanism: Type 1 (hydroxyl radicals); Type 2 (singlet oxygen); or Type 3 (oxygen independent). Moreover, we asked whether addition of potassium iodide (KI) could potentiate the aPDI activity of tetracyclines. High concentrations of KI (200–400 mM) strongly potentiated (up to 5 logs of extra killing) light-mediated killing of Gram-negative Escherichia coli or Gram-positive MRSA (although the latter was somewhat less susceptible). KI potentiation was still apparent after a washing step showing that the iodide could penetrate the E. coli cells where the tetracycline had bound. When cells were added to the tetracycline + KI mixture after light, killing was observed in the case of E. coli showing formation of free molecular iodine. Addition of azide quenched the formation of iodine but not hydrogen peroxide. DMCT but not DOTC iodinated tyrosine. Both E. coli and MRSA could be killed by tetracyclines plus light in the absence of oxygen and this killing was not quenched by azide. A mouse model of a superficial wound infection caused by bioluminescent E. coli could be treated by topical application of DMCT and blue light and bacterial regrowth did not occur owing to the continued anti biotic activity of the tetracycline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weijun Xuan
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, First Clinical Medical College and Hospital, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, China.,Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Dermatology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ya He
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Dermatology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Liyi Huang
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Dermatology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Infectious Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Ying-Ying Huang
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Dermatology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Brijesh Bhayana
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Liyan Xi
- Department of Dermatology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Dermatology Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jeffrey A Gelfand
- Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Michael R Hamblin
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA. .,Department of Dermatology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA. .,Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.
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45
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Vieira C, Gomes ATPC, Mesquita MQ, Moura NMM, Neves MGPMS, Faustino MAF, Almeida A. An Insight Into the Potentiation Effect of Potassium Iodide on aPDT Efficacy. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:2665. [PMID: 30510542 PMCID: PMC6252324 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.02665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2018] [Accepted: 10/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) is gaining a special importance as an effective approach against multidrug-resistant strains responsible of fatal infections. The addition of potassium iodide (KI), a non-toxic salt, is recognized to increase the aPDT efficiency of some photosensitizers (PSs) on a broad-spectrum of microorganisms. As the reported cases only refer positive aPDT potentiation results, in this work we selected a broad range of porphyrinic and non-porphyrinic PSs in order to gain a more comprehensive knowledge about this aPDT potentiation by KI. For this evaluation were selected a series of meso-tetraarylporphyrins positively charged at meso positions or at β-pyrrolic positions and the non-porphyrinic dyes Methylene blue, Rose Bengal, Toluidine Blue O, Malachite Green and Crystal Violet; the assays were performed using a bioluminescent E. coli strain as a model. The results indicate that KI has also the ability to potentiate the aPDT process mediated by some of the cationic PSs [Tri-Py(+)-Me, Tetra-Py(+)-Me, Form, RB, MB, Mono-Py(+)-Me, β-ImiPhTPP, β-ImiPyTPP, and β-BrImiPyTPP] allowing a drastic reduction of the treatment time as well as of the PS concentration. However, the efficacy of some porphyrinic and non-porphyrinic PSs [Di-Py(+)-Me opp , Di-Py(+)-Me adj , Tetra-Py, TBO, CV, and MG] was not improved by the presence of the coadjuvant. For the PSs tested in this study, the ones capable to decompose the peroxyiodide into iodine (easily detectable by spectroscopy or by the visual appearance of a blue color in the presence of amylose) were the most promising ones to be used in combination with KI. Although these studies confirmed that the generation of 1O2 is an important fact in this process, the PS structure (charge number and charge position), aggregation behavior and affinity for the cell membrane are also important features to be taken in account.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cátia Vieira
- Department of Biology and CESAM, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | | | | | - Nuno M. M. Moura
- Department of Chemistry and QOPNA, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | | | | | - Adelaide Almeida
- Department of Biology and CESAM, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
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46
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Lin H, Chen J, Zhang Y, Ulla A, Liu J, Lin F, Jiang L, Huang M. Enhanced anti-microbial effect through cationization of a mono-triazatricyclodecane substituted asymmetric phthalocyanine. J Inorg Biochem 2018; 189:192-198. [PMID: 30317065 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2018.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2018] [Revised: 09/29/2018] [Accepted: 10/01/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) is an effective way to combat infectious diseases and antibiotic resistance. Photosensitizer is a key factor of aPDT and has triggered extensive research interest. In this study, a new asymmetric Zn(II) phthalocyanine mono-substituted with a triazatricyclodecane moiety (compound 3) and its cationic N-methylated derivative (compound 4) were synthesized. Their photodynamic antimicrobial activities were evaluated using bioluminescent bacterial strains. Compound 3 showed phototoxicity only toward the Gram-positive bacteria, whereas the cationic derivative compound 4 exhibited strong anti-bacterial activity against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative strains. These bacterial species were eradicated (>4.0 logs or 99.99% killing) at appropriate concentrations of compound 4 with 12.7 J/cm2 of red light, demonstrating compound 4 as a potent aPDT agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huajian Lin
- College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fujian 350118, China
| | - Jincan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
| | - Yaxin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
| | - Azeem Ulla
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
| | - Jianyong Liu
- College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fujian 350118, China
| | - Fan Lin
- Qingdao Sundynamic Technology Co., Ltd, Qingdao, Shandong 266000, China
| | - Longguang Jiang
- College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fujian 350118, China
| | - Mingdong Huang
- College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fujian 350118, China; State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China.
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47
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Bresolí-Obach R, Gispert I, Peña DG, Boga S, Gulias Ó, Agut M, Vázquez ME, Nonell S. Triphenylphosphonium cation: A valuable functional group for antimicrobial photodynamic therapy. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2018; 11:e201800054. [PMID: 29882394 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.201800054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2018] [Accepted: 06/06/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Light-mediated killing of pathogens by cationic photosensitisers is a promising antimicrobial approach that avoids the development of resistance inherent to the use of antimicrobials. In this study, we demonstrate that modification of different photosensitisers with the triphenylphosphonium cation yields derivatives with excellent photoantimicrobial activity against Gram-positive bacteria (ie, Staphylococcus aureus and Enterococcus faecalis). Thus, the triphenylphosphonium functional group should be considered for the development of photoantimicrobials for the selective killing of Gram-positive bacteria in the presence of Gram-negative species.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ignacio Gispert
- Institut Químic de Sarrià, Universitat Ramon Llull, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Diego G Peña
- Centro Singular de Investigación en Química Biolóxica e Materiais Moleculares (CiQUS), Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Sonia Boga
- Centro Singular de Investigación en Química Biolóxica e Materiais Moleculares (CiQUS), Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Óscar Gulias
- Institut Químic de Sarrià, Universitat Ramon Llull, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Montserrat Agut
- Institut Químic de Sarrià, Universitat Ramon Llull, Barcelona, Spain
| | - M Eugenio Vázquez
- Centro Singular de Investigación en Química Biolóxica e Materiais Moleculares (CiQUS), Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Santi Nonell
- Institut Químic de Sarrià, Universitat Ramon Llull, Barcelona, Spain
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48
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Hu X, Huang YY, Wang Y, Wang X, Hamblin MR. Antimicrobial Photodynamic Therapy to Control Clinically Relevant Biofilm Infections. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:1299. [PMID: 29997579 PMCID: PMC6030385 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.01299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 236] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2018] [Accepted: 05/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Biofilm describes a microbially-derived sessile community in which microbial cells are firmly attached to the substratum and embedded in extracellular polymeric matrix. Microbial biofilms account for up to 80% of all bacterial and fungal infections in humans. Biofilm-associated pathogens are particularly resistant to antibiotic treatment, and thus novel antibiofilm approaches needed to be developed. Antimicrobial Photodynamic therapy (aPDT) had been recently proposed to combat clinically relevant biofilms such as dental biofilms, ventilator associated pneumonia, chronic wound infections, oral candidiasis, and chronic rhinosinusitis. aPDT uses non-toxic dyes called photosensitizers (PS), which can be excited by harmless visible light to produce reactive oxygen species (ROS). aPDT is a multi-stage process including topical PS administration, light irradiation, and interaction of the excited state with ambient oxygen. Numerous in vitro and in vivo aPDT studies have demonstrated biofilm-eradication or substantial reduction. ROS are produced upon photo-activation and attack adjacent targets, including proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids present within the biofilm matrix, on the cell surface and inside the microbial cells. Damage to non-specific targets leads to the destruction of both planktonic cells and biofilms. The review aims to summarize the progress of aPDT in destroying biofilms and the mechanisms mediated by ROS. Finally, a brief section provides suggestions for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqing Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- The Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Dermatology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Ying-Ying Huang
- The Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Dermatology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Yuguang Wang
- The Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Dermatology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- Center of Digital Dentistry, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoyuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Michael R. Hamblin
- The Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Dermatology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States
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49
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He Y, Huang YY, Xi L, Gelfand JA, Hamblin MR. Tetracyclines function as dual-action light-activated antibiotics. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0196485. [PMID: 29742128 PMCID: PMC5942775 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0196485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2017] [Accepted: 04/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial photodynamic inactivation (aPDI) employs photosensitizing dyes activated by visible light to produce reactive oxygen species. aPDI is independent of the antibiotic resistance status of the target cells, and is thought unlikely to produce resistance itself. Among many PS that have been investigated, tetracyclines occupy a unique niche. They are potentially dual-action compounds that can both kill bacteria under illumination, and prevent bacterial regrowth by inhibiting ribosomes. Tetracycline antibiotics are regarded as bacteriostatic rather than bactericidal. Doxycycline (DOTC) is excited best by UVA light (365 nm) while demeclocycline (DMCT) can be efficiently activated by blue light (415 nm) as well as UVA. Both compounds were able to eradicate Gram-positive (methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus) and Gram-negative (Escherichia coli) bacteria (>6 log(10) steps of killing) at concentrations (10–50μM) and fluences (10-20J/cm2). In contrast to methylene blue, MB plus red light, tetracyclines photoinactivated bacteria in rich growth medium. When ~3 logs of bacteria were killed with DMCT/DOTC+light and the surviving cells were added to growth medium, further bacterial killing was observed, while the same experiment with MB allowed complete regrowth. MIC studies were carried out either in the dark or exposed to 0.5mW/cm2 blue light. Up to three extra steps (8-fold) increased antibiotic activity was found with light compared to dark, with MRSA and tetracycline-resistant strains of E. coli. Tetracyclines can accumulate in bacterial ribosomes, where they could be photoactivated with blue/UVA light producing microbial killing via ROS generation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya He
- Department of Dermatology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Ying-Ying Huang
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Dermatology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Liyan Xi
- Department of Dermatology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Dermatology Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jeffrey A. Gelfand
- Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- * E-mail: (JAG); (MRH)
| | - Michael R. Hamblin
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Dermatology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
- * E-mail: (JAG); (MRH)
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50
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Sindelo A, Osifeko OL, Nyokong T. Synthesis, photophysicochemical and photodynamic antimicrobial chemotherapy studies of indium pyridyl phthalocyanines: Charge versus bridging atom. Inorganica Chim Acta 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2018.02.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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